Agenda packet — Paradise City Council, November 7, 2022 (part 4 of 9)

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on sensitive natural communities during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MMBIO-1 and MM-BIO-5 through MM-BIO-8 will be implemented.

MM-BIO-1: Minimize Disturbance Footprint (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-5: Restoration of Temporarily Disturbed Areas and Invasive Weed Control (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
MM-BIO-6: No Net Loss of Aquatic Resources (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
MM-BIO-7: Sensitive Community Fencing (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-8: Dry Work Areas (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-BIO-1 and MM-BIO-5 through MM-BIO8, impacts on sensitive natural communities during construction would be less than significant. 664
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Impact BIO-3: Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative may result in the temporary and permanent loss of state or federally protected aquatic resources, specifically Little Chico Creek. Potential temporary and permanent impacts that may occur in or near the Crouch Avenue Alternative footprint include the bridge crossing under Little Chico Creek via HDD, staging and materials storage areas, and access roads. To date, only a preliminary assessment of aquatic resources has been conducted for the Crouch Avenue Alternative due to the lack of access to areas away from the public roadway. Prior to initiation of ground disturbing activities, a more complete mapping of aquatic resources in these areas would need to be completed to support a formal jurisdictional delineation during the permitting phase. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would be designed to avoid impacts, where possible, on Little Chico Creek.

Although state and federally protected wetlands would be avoided as much as possible, construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative may result in adverse impacts on these wetlands in association with Little Chico Creek. This is considered a potentially significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-BIO-1: Minimize Disturbance Footprint, MM-BIO-5: Restoration of Temporarily Disturbed Areas and Invasive Weed Control, MM-BIO-6: No Net Loss of Aquatic Resources, MM-BIO-7: Sensitive Community Fencing, MM-BIO-8: Dry Work Areas, and MM-BIO-26: State or Federally Protected Wetlands Mitigation), which would reduce impacts on state or federally protected wetlands during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not include ground disturbing activities in or adjacent to state or federally protected wetlands.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project, except that vernal pools were mapped within 250-feet of Skyway under the Proposed Project, which would be consistent with the Crouch Avenue Alternative. Therefore, based on available preliminary data, impacts from the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be considered greater than impacts from the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment on this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on state or federally protected wetlands during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MMBIO-1, MM-BIO-5 through MM-BIO-8, and MM-BIO-26 will be implemented.

MM-BIO-1: Minimize Disturbance Footprint (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-5: Restoration of Temporarily Disturbed Areas (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
MM-BIO-6: No Net Loss of Aquatic Resources (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
MM-BIO-7: Sensitive Community Fencing (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-8: Dry Work Areas (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-26: State or Federally Protected Wetlands Mitigation (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
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Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-BIO-1, MM-BIO-5 through MM-BIO-8, and MM-BIO-26, impacts on state or federally protected wetlands during construction would be less than significant.

Additionally, none of the Crouch Avenue Alternative components would impede the use of wildlife nursery sites. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would have no impact on the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species, wildlife corridors, or wildlife nursery sites.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would impact the movement of species, wildlife corridors, or wildlife nursery sites.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact BIO-5: Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance (No Impact) The Butte County General Plan 2030 (Butte County 2012), Town of Paradise General Plan (Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants 2008), and Chico 2030 General Plan (City of Chico 2017) include policies to protect water resources, wetland and riparian areas, fish and wildlife habitat, wildlife movement corridors, vegetation communities, open space for the preservation of natural resources, threatened and endangered species, and aquatic habitats. Additionally, the general plans include specific measures to preserve and protect oak trees and oak woodlands. A review of the policies included in the Butte County General Plan 2030, Town of Paradise General Plan, and Chico 2030 General Plan resulted in the determination that the Crouch Avenue Alternative activities are consistent with these policies. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact BIO-6: Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan (No Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, a portion of the Crouch Avenue Alternative area overlaps with BRCP, which had not been formally adopted as of summer 2021, though it was in the final phase of development. Species analyzed and discussed in this document that are covered species under the BRCP include Hoover’s spurge, Butte County meadowfoam, hairy Orcutt grass, Butte County checkerbloom, Greene’s tuctoria, Conservancy fairy shrimp, vernal pool fairy shrimp, vernal pool tadpole shrimp, valley elderberry longhorn beetle, Central Valley steelhead, Central Valley spring-run Chinook salmon, giant garter snake, western pond turtle, foothill yellow-legged frog, western spadefoot, tricolored blackbird, burrowing owl, California black rail, Swainson’s hawk, and white-tailed kite.

Construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative may be covered under the Waste and Wastewater Management Facility Permanent Development Projects component of the BRCP. However, these activities do not conflict with the BRCP. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan. As a result, no impacts would occur.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.3.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact BIO-1: Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the CDFW or USFWS (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.4, Biological Resources. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would cross approximately 0.4 mile of additional valley-foothill riparian habitat between Butte Creek and SR 99 than the Proposed Project. Additionally, this alternative would cross valley-foothill riparian habitat along Little Chico Creek. Valley-foothill riparian habitat is suitable habitat for multiple special-status species of plants and wildlife and is often utilized by wildlife as a movement corridor. During the field studies in spring 2021, the valley-foothill riparian habitat between Butte Creek and SR 99 along the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative could not be examined closely during due to the lack of public access to this area. However, elderberry shrubs, which are the host plant of the federally threatened valley elderberry longhorn beetle, could be present in the valley-foothill riparian habitat along this alternative. During the field studies, elderberry shrubs were found to be present in valley-foothill riparian habitat along the Little Chico Creek at the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative crossing. Although suitable habitat for special-status 667
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plant and wildlife species would be avoided as much as possible, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative may result in adverse impacts on these species should they be present in areas proposed for disturbance. This is considered a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-BIO-1: Minimize Disturbance Footprint, MM-BIO-2: Special-status Plant Surveys, MM-BIO-3: Special-status Plant Avoidance, MM-BIO-4: Biological Monitoring and Worker Environmental Awareness Training, MM-BIO-5: Restoration of Temporarily Disturbed Areas and Invasive Weed Control, MM-BIO-9: Mapping of Elderberry Shrubs and USFWS Section 7 Consultation, MM-BIO-10: No Net Loss of Elderberry Shrubs, MM-BIO-11: Elderberry Transplanting, MM-BIO-12: Avoidance Areas, MM-BIO-13: Chemical Use, and MM-BIO-14:

Mowing), which would reduce impacts on special-status plants and wildlife species during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not include ground disturbing activities and would result in no impacts on special-status plant and wildlife species.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project, except that the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would cross approximately 0.4 mile of additional valley-foothill riparian habitat, which is a sensitive community, between Butte Creek and SR 99. Therefore, impacts from the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be considered greater than impacts from the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment on this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on special-status plant and wildlife species during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-BIO-1 through MM BIO-5 and MM-BIO-9 through MM-BIO-14 will be implemented.

MM-BIO-1: Minimize Disturbance Footprint (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-2: Special-status Plant Surveys (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-3: Special-status Plant Avoidance (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-4: Biological Monitoring and Worker Environmental Awareness Training (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
MM-BIO-5: Restoration of Temporarily Disturbed Areas and Invasive Weed Control (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
MM-BIO-9: Mapping of Elderberry Shrubs and USFWS Section 7 Consultation (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
MM-BIO-10: No Net Loss of Elderberry Shrubs (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
MM-BIO-11: Elderberry Transplanting (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-12: Avoidance Areas (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) 668
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MM-BIO-13: Chemical Use (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-14: Mowing (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-BIO-1 through MM BIO-5 and MM-BIO9 through MM-BIO-14, impacts on special-status plant and wildlife species during construction would be less than significant.

Impact BIO-2: Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, and regulations or by the CDFW or USFWS (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) As described under Impact BIO-1, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would cross approximately 0.4 mile of additional valley-foothill riparian habitat between Butte Creek and SR 99 than the Proposed Project. Additionally, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative area includes aquatic resources, specifically Little Chico Creek. Valley-foothill riparian habitat and aquatic resources are considered sensitive natural communities. Although sensitive natural communities would be avoided as much as possible, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative may result in adverse impacts on sensitive natural communities in the area between Butte Creek and SR 99 and along Little Chico Creek. This is considered a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-BIO-1: Minimize Disturbance Footprint, MM-BIO-5: Restoration of Temporarily Disturbed Areas and Invasive Weed Control, MM-BIO-6:

No Net Loss of Aquatic Resources, MM-BIO-7: Sensitive Community Fencing, and MM-BIO-8:

Dry Work Areas), which would reduce impacts on sensitive natural communities during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not include ground disturbing activities and would result in no impacts on sensitive natural communities.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on sensitive natural communities during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-BIO-1 and MM-BIO-5 through MM-BIO-8 will be implemented.

Impact BIO-3: Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative may result in the temporary and permanent loss of state or federally protected aquatic resources, specifically Little Chico Creek.

Potential temporary and permanent impacts that may occur in or near the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative footprint include the bridge crossing under Little Chico Creek via HDD, staging and materials storage areas, and access roads. To date, only a preliminary assessment of aquatic resources has been conducted for the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative due to the lack of access to areas away from the public roadway. Prior to initiation of ground disturbing activities, a more complete mapping of aquatic resources in these areas would need to be completed to support a formal jurisdictional delineation during the permitting phase. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be designed to avoid impacts, where possible, on Little Chico Creek.

Although state and federally protected wetlands would be avoided as much as possible, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative may result in adverse impacts on these wetlands in association with Little Chico Creek. This is considered a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-BIO-1: Minimize Disturbance Footprint, MM-BIO-5: Restoration of Temporarily Disturbed Areas and Invasive Weed Control, MM-BIO-6: No Net Loss of Aquatic Resources, MM-BIO-7: Sensitive Community Fencing, MM-BIO-8: Dry Work Areas, and MM-BIO26: State or Federally Protected Wetlands Mitigation), which would reduce impacts on state or federally protected wetlands during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not include ground disturbing activities in or adjacent to state or federally protected wetlands.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project, except that vernal pools were mapped within 250-feet of Skyway under the Proposed Project, which would also be consistent with this alternative. Therefore, based on available preliminary data, impacts from the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be considered greater than impacts from the Proposed Project alignment on this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on state or federally protected wetlands during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-BIO-1, MM-BIO-5 through MM-BIO-8, and MM-BIO-26 will be implemented.

MM-BIO-1: Minimize Disturbance Footprint (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-5: Restoration of Temporarily Disturbed Areas and Invasive Weed Control (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
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MM-BIO-6: No Net Loss of Aquatic Resources (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
MM-BIO-7: Sensitive Community Fencing (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-8: Dry Work Areas (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description) MM-BIO-26: State or Federally Protected Wetlands Mitigation (see Section 3.4, Biological Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-BIO-1, MM-BIO-5 through MM-BIO-8, and MM-BIO-26, impacts on state or federally protected wetlands during construction would be less than significant.

Impact BIO-4: Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of wildlife nursery sites (No Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not interfere with movement of any fish or wildlife species because none of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative components involve the introduction of any new impermeable barriers to the landscape or waters. All new infrastructure associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be placed below ground. Additionally, none of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative components would impede the use of wildlife nursery sites. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would have no impact on the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species, wildlife corridors, or wildlife nursery sites.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project alignment would impact the movement of species, wildlife corridors, or wildlife nursery sites.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact BIO-5: Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance (No Impact) The Butte County General Plan 2030 (Butte County 2012), Town of Paradise General Plan (Quad Consultants 2008), and Chico 2030 General Plan (City of Chico 2017) include policies to protect water resources, wetland and riparian areas, fish and wildlife habitat, wildlife movement corridors, vegetation communities, open space for the preservation of natural resources, threatened and endangered species, and aquatic habitats. Additionally, the general plans include specific measures to preserve and protect oak trees and oak woodlands. A review of the policies included in the Butte County General Plan 2030, Town of Paradise General Plan, and Chico 2030 General Plan resulted in the determination that the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative activities are consistent with these policies. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch 671
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Avenue Alternative would not conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact BIO-6: Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan (No Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, a portion of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative area overlaps with BRCP, which had not been formally adopted as of summer 2021, though it was in the final phase of development. Species analyzed and discussed in this document that are covered species under the BRCP include Hoover’s spurge, Butte County meadowfoam, hairy Orcutt grass, Butte County checkerbloom, Greene’s tuctoria, Conservancy fairy shrimp, vernal pool fairy shrimp, vernal pool tadpole shrimp, valley elderberry longhorn beetle, Central Valley steelhead, Central Valley spring-run Chinook salmon, giant garter snake, western pond turtle, foothill yellow-legged frog, western spadefoot, tricolored blackbird, burrowing owl, California black rail, Swainson’s hawk, and white-tailed kite. Construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative may be covered under the Waste and Wastewater Management Facility Permanent Development Projects component of the BRCP. However, these activities do not conflict with the BRCP. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan. As a result, no impacts would occur.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project alignment would conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.3.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-3 summarizes the biological resources impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.
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Table 5.5-3. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Biological Resources Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Impact BIO-1: Have a substantial adverse
effect, either directly or through habitat
modifications, on any species identified as
a candidate, sensitive, or special status
species in local or regional plans, policies,
or regulations, or by the CDFW or USFWS
S/M NI (-) S/M (+) S/M (=) S/M (+)
Impact BIO-2: Have a substantial adverse
effect on any riparian habitat or other
sensitive natural community identified in
local or regional plans, policies, and
regulations or by the CDFW or USFWS
S/M NI (-) S/M (+) S/M (=) S/M (+)
Impact BIO-3: Have a substantial adverse
effect on state or federally protected
wetlands
S/M NI (-) NI (-) S/M (+) S/M (+)
Impact BIO-4: Interfere substantially with
the movement of any native resident or
migratory fish or wildlife species or with
established native resident or migratory
wildlife corridors, or impede the use of
wildlife nursery sites
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact BIO-5: Conflict with any local
policies or ordinances protecting biological
resources, such as a tree preservation
policy or ordinance
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact BIO-6: Conflict with the provisions
of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan,
Natural Community Conservation Plan, or
other approved local, regional, or state
habitat conservation plan
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.4 Cultural Resources

5.5.4.1 No Project Alternative
Impact CUL-1: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to section 15064.5 (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no grounddisturbance would occur. Therefore, there would be no impacts on the significance of a historical resource under the No Project Alternative. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed 673
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Project because the Proposed Project would have a less-than-significant impact on a historical resource.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact CUL-2: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to section 15064.5. (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no grounddisturbance would occur. Therefore, there would be no impacts on the significance of an archaeological resource under the No Project Alternative. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would have a less-than-significant impact on archaeological resources with mitigation incorporated.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact CUL-3: Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries. (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no grounddisturbance would occur. Therefore, there would be no impacts on any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries, under the No Project Alternative. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would have a less-thansignificant impact on human remains.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.4.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact CUL-1: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to section 15064.5 (Less than Significant Impact) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative could impact historical resources during construction. Excavation and ground disturbing activities during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative have the potential to impact previously recorded, newly identified, and previously unknown cultural resources in the study area. As with the Proposed Project, there are no cultural resources located within the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative that meet the significance criteria for listing on the CRHR. Therefore, impacts on historical resources from construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be less than significant. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not include ground disturbing activities and would result in no impacts on historical resources.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would have a less-thansignificant impact on a historical resource.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact CUL-2: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to section 15064.5 (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.5, Cultural Resources. Although no “unique” or “historic” cultural resources (as per CEQA definitions) have been documented in the study area, there is a potential that unrecorded cultural resources could be unearthed or otherwise discovered during ground-disturbing and construction activities associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative is located in a region where significant prehistoric and historic-era cultural resources have been documented. Subsurface disturbances during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative could destroy or damage undiscovered prehistoric or historic cultural resources. If these resources were determined to be “unique” or “historic” (as per CEQA definitions), a significant impact would occur. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-CUL1: Targeted Archaeological Monitoring and MM-CUL-2: Follow Inadvertent Discovery Procedures), which would reduce impacts on archaeological resources during construction to a less than significant level. Operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not include ground disturbing activities and would result in no impacts on archeological resources.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts related to unrecorded cultural resources (including archeological resources) during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-CUL-1 and MM-CUL-2 will be implemented.

MM-CUL-1: Targeted Archaeological Monitoring (see Section 3.5, Cultural Resources, for description)
MM-CUL-2: Follow Inadvertent Discovery Procedures (see Section 3.5, Cultural Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-CUL-1 and MM-CUL-2, impacts resulting from inadvertent damage or destruction of unknown cultural resources during construction would be less than significant.

Impact CUL-3: Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries (Less than Significant Impact)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not impact any known locations of human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries. Although much of the study area has been previously disturbed by previous development, it is possible that previously unknown buried human remains could be unearthed and damaged or destroyed during grading and excavation activities associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative. In the event of an inadvertent discovery of human remains, both the Proposed Project and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would adhere to the same protocol prescribed by existing laws and regulations required under the 675
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California Health and Safety Code Sections 7050.5 and 7052, PRC Section 5097.98, and CEQA Section 15064.5. By adhering to existing laws and regulations, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would have a less than significant impact on human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not include ground disturbing activities and would result in no impacts on human remains.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.4.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact CUL-1: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to section 15064.5 (Less than Significant Impact) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative could impact historical resources during construction. Excavation and ground disturbing activities during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative have the potential to impact previously recorded, newly identified, and previously unknown cultural resources in the study area. As with the Proposed Project, there are no cultural resources located within the Crouch Avenue Alternative that meet the significance criteria for listing on the CRHR. Therefore, impacts on historical resources from construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be less than significant. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not include ground disturbing activities and would result in no impacts on historical resources.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would have a less-thansignificant impact on a historical resource.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact CUL-2: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to section 15064.5 (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) The Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.5, Cultural Resources. Although no “unique” or “historic” cultural resources (as per CEQA definitions) have been documented in the study area, there is a potential that unrecorded cultural resources could be unearthed or otherwise discovered during ground-disturbing and construction activities associated with the Crouch Avenue Alternative. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative is located in a region where significant prehistoric and historic-era cultural resources have been documented. Subsurface disturbances during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative could destroy or damage undiscovered prehistoric or historic cultural resources. If these resources were determined to be “unique” or “historic” (as per CEQA definitions), a significant impact would occur. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-CUL-1: Targeted Archaeological Monitoring and MM-CUL-2: Follow Inadvertent Discovery Procedures), which would reduce 676
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impacts on archaeological resources during construction to a less than significant level. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not include ground disturbing activities and would result in no impacts on archeological resources.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts related to unrecorded cultural resources (including archeological resources) during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-CUL-1 and MM-CUL-2 will be implemented.

Impact CUL-3: Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries (Less than Significant Impact)
The Crouch Avenue Alternative would not impact any known locations of human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries. Although much of the study area has been previously disturbed by previous development, it is possible that previously unknown buried human remains could be unearthed and damaged or destroyed during grading and excavation activities associated with construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative. In the event of an inadvertent discovery of human remains, both the Proposed Project and the Crouch Avenue Alternative would adhere to the same protocol prescribed by existing laws and regulations required under the California Health and Safety Code Sections 7050.5 and 7052, PRC Section 5097.98, and CEQA Section 15064.5. By adhering to existing laws and regulations, construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would have a less than significant impact on human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not include ground disturbing activities and would result in no impacts on human remains.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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5.5.4.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact CUL-1: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to section 15064.5 (Less than Significant Impact) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative could impact historical resources during construction. Excavation and ground disturbing activities during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative have the potential to impact previously recorded, newly identified, and previously unknown cultural resources in the study area. As with the Proposed Project, there are no cultural resources located within the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative that meet the significance criteria for listing on the CRHR. Therefore, impacts on historical resources from construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be less than significant. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not include ground disturbing activities and would result in no impacts on historical resources.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact CUL-2: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to section 15064.5 (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.5, Cultural Resources. Although no “unique” or “historic” cultural resources (as per CEQA definitions) have been documented in the study area, there is a potential that unrecorded cultural resources could be unearthed or otherwise discovered during ground-disturbing and construction activities associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative is located in a region where significant prehistoric and historic-era cultural resources have been documented. Subsurface disturbances during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative could destroy or damage undiscovered prehistoric or historic cultural resources. If these resources were determined to be “unique” or “historic” (as per CEQA definitions), a significant impact would occur. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-CUL-1: Targeted Archaeological Monitoring and MM-CUL-2: Follow Inadvertent Discovery Procedures), which would reduce impacts on archaeological resources during construction to a less than significant level.

Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not include ground disturbing activities and would result in no impacts on archeological resources.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project alignment would have a lessthan-significant impact on archaeological resources with mitigation incorporated. 678
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Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts related to unrecorded cultural resources (including archeological resources) during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-CUL-1 and MM-CUL-2 will be implemented.

Impact CUL-3: Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries (Less than Significant Impact)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not impact any known locations of human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries. Although much of the study area has been previously disturbed by previous development, it is possible that previously unknown buried human remains could be unearthed and damaged or destroyed during grading and excavation activities associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. In the event of an inadvertent discovery of human remains, both the Proposed Project and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would adhere to the same protocol prescribed by existing laws and regulations required under the California Health and Safety Code Sections 7050.5 and 7052, PRC Section 5097.98, and CEQA Section 15064.5. By adhering to existing laws and regulations, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would have a less than significant impact on human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not include ground disturbing activities and would result in no impacts on human remains.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.4.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-4 summarizes the cultural resources impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.
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Table 5.5-4. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Cultural Resources Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact CUL-1: Cause a substantial
adverse change in the significance of a
historical resource pursuant to section
15064.5
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact CUL-2: Cause a substantial
adverse change in the significance of an
archaeological resource pursuant to
section 15064.5
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact CUL-3: Disturb any human
remains, including those interred outside
of formal cemeteries
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.5 Energy

5.5.5.1 No Project Alternative
Impact ENG-1: Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project, construction, operation, or maintenance (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, the Town would not make a regional connection to the Chico WPCP and would continue to rely on septic tanks for wastewater management. No new infrastructure would be required, and there would be no increase in energy demand within the study area. Therefore, no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not result in an increase in energy demand, while the Proposed Project would result in less than significant impacts from the increase in energy demand.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact ENG-2: Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same. The No Project Alternative would not result in an increase in energy demand. The No Project Alternative would not conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency. Therefore, no impact would occur. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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5.5.5.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact ENG-1: Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction, operation, or maintenance (Less than Significant Impact)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.6, Energy. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would consume energy in the form of transportation fuel (gasoline and diesel) and electricity during construction. Statewide regulations, such as AB 1493 and Advanced Clean Cars Program, are aimed at improving on-road vehicle fuel efficiency, resulting in reduced fuel consumption. Although the In-Use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation is aimed at reducing emissions from off-road diesel vehicles, compliance with the regulation also results in energy savings in the form of reduced fuel consumption from unnecessary idling. Refer to Section 3.6.2 for a discussion of statewide legislation aimed at reducing transportation fuel demand. Conformance of vehicles and equipment to these statewide regulations is required and would avoid wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of transportation fuel during construction. Many construction activities associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would occur concurrently, resulting in an increase in electricity demand in the study area. This increase in electricity consumption would be temporary as it would be limited to the construction duration and small in comparison to the total energy demand in Butte County, which was 1,385 million kWh in 2020. During operation and maintenance, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would provide a beneficial reduction of impacts on diesel fuel consumption in the area by eliminating the use of diesel-powered septage hauling trucks. Similar to the Proposed Project, pump stations associated with this alternative would consume 601,000 kWh per year of electrical energy. This increase in electricity consumption would represent only 0.04 percent of the total energy demand in Butte County. While this alternative would increase the amount of energy needed to treat wastewater at the Chico WPCP, it would be well within the current capacity and would not result in an inefficient use of energy. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not result in the wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy, resulting in a less than significant impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts on energy resources would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact ENG-2: Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency (No Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in an increase in energy demand during its construction, operation, and maintenance. A multitude of state regulations and legislative acts are aimed at improving vehicle fuel efficiency, energy efficiency, and enhancing energy conservation, such as AB 1493, Advanced Clean Cars Program, In-Use OffRoad Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation, SB 100, and the 2017 Scoping Plan. This alternative would be required to comply with these adopted regulations. Therefore, construction, operation, and 681
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maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not conflict with a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.5.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact ENG-1: Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction, operation, or maintenance (Less than Significant Impact)
The Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.6, Energy. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would consume energy in the form of transportation fuel (gasoline and diesel) and electricity during construction. Statewide regulations, such as AB 1493 and Advanced Clean Cars Program, are aimed at improving on-road vehicle fuel efficiency, resulting in reduced fuel consumption.

Although the In-Use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation is aimed at reducing emissions from offroad diesel vehicles, compliance with the regulation also results in energy savings in the form of reduced fuel consumption from unnecessary idling. Refer to Section 3.6.2 for a discussion of statewide legislation aimed at reducing transportation fuel demand. Conformance of vehicles and equipment to these statewide regulations is required and would avoid wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of transportation fuel during construction. Many construction activities associated with the Crouch Avenue Alternative would occur concurrently, resulting in an increase in electricity demand in the study area. This increase in electricity consumption would be temporary as it would be limited to the construction duration and small in comparison to the total energy demand in Butte County, which was 1,385 million kWh in 2020. During operation and maintenance, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would provide a beneficial reduction of impacts on diesel fuel consumption in the area by eliminating the use of diesel-powered septage hauling trucks. Similar to the Proposed Project, pump stations associated with this alternative would consume 601,000 kWh per year of electrical energy. This increase in electricity consumption would represent only 0.04 percent of the total energy demand in Butte County.

Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in the wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy, resulting in a less than significant impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts on energy resources would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler alignment and the Crouch Avenue Alternative.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact ENG-2: Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency (No Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in an increase in energy demand during its construction, operation, and maintenance. A multitude of state regulations and legislative acts are aimed at improving vehicle fuel efficiency, energy efficiency, and enhancing energy conservation, such as AB 1493, Advanced Clean Cars Program, In-Use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation, SB 100, and the 2017 Scoping Plan. This alternative would be required to comply with these adopted regulations. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.5.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact ENG-1: Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation (Less than Significant Impact)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.6, Energy. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would consume energy in the form of transportation fuel (gasoline and diesel) and electricity during construction. Statewide regulations, such as AB 1493 and Advanced Clean Cars Program, are aimed at improving on-road vehicle fuel efficiency, resulting in reduced fuel consumption. Although the In-Use Off-Road DieselFueled Fleets Regulation is aimed at reducing emissions from off-road diesel vehicles, compliance with the regulation also results in energy savings in the form of reduced fuel consumption from unnecessary idling. Refer to Section 3.6.2 for a discussion of statewide legislation aimed at reducing transportation fuel demand. Conformance of vehicles and equipment to these statewide regulations is required and would avoid wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of transportation fuel during construction.

Many construction activities associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would occur concurrently, resulting in an increase in electricity demand in the study area. This increase in electricity consumption would be temporary as it would be limited to the construction duration and small in comparison to the total energy demand in Butte County, which was 1,385 million kWh in 2020.

During operation and maintenance, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would provide a beneficial reduction of impacts on diesel fuel consumption in the area by eliminating the use of diesel-powered septage hauling trucks. Similar to the Proposed Project, pump stations associated with this alternative would consume 601,000 kWh per year of electrical energy. This increase in electricity consumption would represent only 0.04 percent of the total energy demand in Butte County.

While this alternative would increase the amount of energy needed to treat wastewater at the Chico WPCP, it would be well within the current capacity and would not result in an inefficient use of energy. 683
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Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in the wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy, resulting in a less than significant impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts on energy resources would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

This alternative would be required to comply with these adopted regulations. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project alignment would conflict with a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.5.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-5 summarizes the energy impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.

Table 5.5-5. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Energy
Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Impact ENG-1: Result in potentially
significant environmental impact due to
wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary
consumption of energy resources, during
project construction, operation, or
maintenance
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
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Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Impact ENG-2: Conflict with or obstruct a
state or local plan for renewable energy or
energy efficiency
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.6 Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources

5.5.6.1 No Project Alternative
Impact GEO-1: Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
(a) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no ground disturbance would occur. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not result in substantial adverse effects involving rupture of a known earthquake fault, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would result in impacts from this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
(b) Strong seismic ground shaking (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no ground disturbance would occur. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not result in substantial adverse effects involving strong seismic ground shaking, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in less-thansignificant impacts with mitigation incorporated from strong seismic ground shaking.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
(c) Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no ground disturbance would occur. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not result in substantial adverse effects involving seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in less-than-significant impacts with mitigation incorporated from seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction.
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Mitigation. No mitigation required.
(d) Landslides (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no ground disturbance would occur. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not result in substantial adverse effects involving landslides, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in less-than-significant impacts with mitigation incorporated from landslides.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GEO-2: Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no ground disturbance would occur. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in less-than-significant impacts from soil erosion and loss of topsoil.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GEO-3: Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the Project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no ground disturbance would occur. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be less than that of the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in less-than-significant impacts with mitigation incorporated from unstable soils.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GEO-4: Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risk to life or property (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no ground disturbance would occur. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not create any substantial direct or indirect risk to life or property because of expansive soils, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be less than that of the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in lessthan-significant impacts with mitigation incorporated from expansive soils.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact GEO-5: Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater (Significant and Unavoidable Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, the wastewater system in Paradise would continue to consist of individual, privately owned septic tanks and leach fields with subsurface disposal systems. According to the 2017 Report, high-density septic systems and leach fields in Paradise have resulted in the continual exceedance of soil capacities to absorb and treat wastewater, causing degradation of the groundwater below the septic systems, which is characteristic of failed or failing septic systems (Bennett Engineering Services 2017). Therefore, under the No Project Alternative, soils would become incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems, resulting in a significant and unavoidable impact. The level of impact would be greater than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in no impact from soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems.

Mitigation. No available mitigation.

Impact GEO-6: Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no ground disturbance would occur. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not destroy a paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because there is potential that paleontological resources would be inadvertently disturbed during construction of the Proposed Project, resulting in less-than-significant impacts with mitigation incorporated.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.6.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact GEO-1: Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
(e) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault (No Impact) The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative is not located within an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone (DOC 2019a). No known active faults traverse the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not result in substantial adverse effects involving rupture of a known earthquake fault, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment are located within a fault zone and no impact would occur under this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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(f) Strong seismic ground shaking (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would include the use of vibration-generating equipment during construction. The use of vibration-generating equipment may exacerbate ground shaking in the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative area, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts related to ground shaking during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not include ground disturbing activities except if there were a pipe break and a section of pipeline needed to be replaced. Operation and maintenance activities would mostly occur in previously disturbed areas (within paved roads), resulting in no potential to exacerbate ground shaking. In the case of a pipe break, the section would be repaired and returned to previous conditions as expeditiously as possible so as to limit impacts to the public and sewer service.

Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not result in substantial adverse effects involving ground shaking, resulting in a less than significant impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a less-thansignificant impact with mitigation incorporated under this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts involving ground shaking during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-GEO-1, impacts related to ground shaking during construction would be less than significant. (g) Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would include the use of vibration-generating equipment during construction. The use of vibration-generating equipment may exacerbate liquefaction in the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative area, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts related to liquefaction during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not include ground disturbing activities except if there were a pipe break and a section of pipeline needed to be replaced. Operation and maintenance activities would mostly occur in previously disturbed areas (within paved roads), resulting in no potential to exacerbate liquefaction. In the case of a pipe break, the section would be repaired and returned to previous conditions as expeditiously as possible so as to limit impacts to the public and sewer service.

Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not result in substantial adverse effects involving liquefaction, resulting in a less than significant impact. The level of 688
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impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated under this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts involving liquefaction during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-GEO-1, impacts related to liquefaction during construction would be less than significant.
(h) Landslides (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would include the use of vibration-generating equipment during construction. The use of vibration-generating equipment may exacerbate landslides in the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative area, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts related to landslides during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not include ground disturbing activities except if there were a pipe break and a section of pipeline needed to be replaced. Operation and maintenance activities would mostly occur in previously disturbed areas (within paved roads), resulting in no potential to exacerbate landslides. In the case of a pipe break, the section would be repaired and returned to previous conditions as expeditiously as possible so as to limit impacts to the public and sewer service.

Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not result in substantial adverse effects involving landslides, resulting in a less than significant impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a lessthan-significant impact with mitigation incorporated under this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts involving landslides during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-GEO-1, impacts related to landslides during construction would be less than significant.
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Impact GEO-2: Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil (Less than Significant Impact)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Avenue Alternative would expose and disturb soil during construction. Exposed and disturbed soils are vulnerable to erosion. As part of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative, the Town of Paradise will be required to prepare a SWPPP to comply with the SWRCB’s CGP. The SWPPP will identify BMPs to be implemented on-site to minimize soil erosion during construction, including sediment and erosion control measures and other measures to control chemical contaminants. In addition, this alternative will be required to comply with the grading permit requirements of the Paradise, Butte County, and Chico. The grading permit process would ensure that erosion control measures are incorporated into the plans and implemented during construction. Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not include ground disturbing activities that could expose or disturb soil. Therefore, impacts related to soil erosion or loss of topsoil from the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be less than significant. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts from soil erosion and loss of topsoil.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GEO-3: Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the Project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would include the use of vibration-generating equipment during construction. The use of vibration-generating equipment may exacerbate on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse in the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative area, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts related to on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse during construction to less than significant.

Therefore, impacts related to on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse during operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be less than significant.
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The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a lessthan-significant impact with mitigation incorporated under this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts associated with on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-GEO-1, impacts related to on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse during construction would be less than significant.

Impact GEO-4: Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risk to life or property (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would include the use of vibration-generating equipment during construction. The use of vibration-generating equipment may exacerbate risks associated with expansive soils in the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative area, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts related to expansive soils during construction to less than significant.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts associated with expansive soils during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
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Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-GEO-1, impacts related to expansive soils during construction would be less than significant.

Impact GEO-5: Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater (No Impact)
Similar to the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would replace individualized septic systems within the Paradise sewer service area with a sewer system. No portion of this alternative incorporates septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, there would be a beneficial impact on soils by replacing existing failed or failing septic systems with a wastewater treatment solution. Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not locate septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems on soils incapable of adequate support, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in impacts under this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GEO-6: Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would involve ground disturbing activities during construction. Ground disturbance during construction could disturb unknown paleontological resources within the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-2: Inadvertent Discovery Protocol), which would reduce impacts on paleontological resources during construction to less than significant.

Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated under this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on paleontological resources during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-2 will be implemented.

MM-GEO-2: Inadvertent Discovery Protocol (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
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Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-GEO-2, impacts on paleontological resources during construction would be less than significant.

5.5.6.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact GEO-1: Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
(i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault (No Impact) The Crouch Avenue Alternative is not located within an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone (DOC 2019a). No known active faults traverse the Crouch Avenue Alternative. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in substantial adverse effects involving rupture of a known earthquake fault, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment are located within a fault zone and no impact would occur under this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
(j) Strong seismic ground shaking (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would include the use of vibration-generating equipment during construction. The use of vibration-generating equipment may exacerbate ground shaking in the Crouch Avenue Alternative area, resulting in a significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts related to ground shaking during construction to less than significant.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a less-thansignificant impact with mitigation incorporated under this criterion. 693
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Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts involving ground shaking during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts involving liquefaction during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts involving landslides during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

Impact GEO-2: Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil (Less than Significant Impact)
The Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would expose and disturb soil during construction. Exposed and disturbed soils are vulnerable to erosion. As part of the Crouch Avenue Alternative, the Town of Paradise will be required to prepare a SWPPP to comply with the SWRCB’s CGP. The SWPPP will identify BMPs to be implemented on-site to minimize soil erosion during construction, including sediment and erosion control measures and other measures to control chemical contaminants. In addition, this alternative will be required to comply with the grading permit requirements of the Paradise, Butte County, and Chico. The grading permit process would ensure that erosion control measures are incorporated into the plans and implemented during construction. Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not include ground disturbing activities that could expose or disturb soil. Therefore, impacts related to soil erosion or loss of topsoil from the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be less than significant. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts from soil erosion and loss of topsoil.
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Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GEO-3: Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the Project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would include the use of vibration-generating equipment during construction. The use of vibration-generating equipment may exacerbate on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse in the Crouch Avenue Alternative area, resulting in a significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts related to on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse during construction to less than significant.

Therefore, impacts related to on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse during operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be less than significant.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts associated with on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-GEO-1, impacts related to on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse during construction would be less than significant.

Impact GEO-4: Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risk to life or property (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would include the use of vibration-generating equipment during construction. The use of vibration-generating equipment may exacerbate risks associated with expansive soils in the Crouch Avenue Alternative area, resulting 696
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in a significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts related to expansive soils during construction to less than significant.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts associated with expansive soils during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MMGEO-1 will be implemented.

Impact GEO-5: Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater (No Impact)
Similar to the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would replace individualized septic systems within the Paradise sewer service area with a sewer system. No portion of this alternative incorporates septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, there would be a beneficial impact on soils by replacing existing failed or failing septic systems with a wastewater treatment solution. Therefore, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not locate septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems on soils incapable of adequate support, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in impacts under this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GEO-6: Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would involve ground disturbing activities during construction. Ground disturbance during construction could disturb 697
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unknown paleontological resources within the Crouch Avenue Alternative, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-2: Inadvertent Discovery Protocol), which would reduce impacts on paleontological resources during construction to less than significant.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on paleontological resources during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-2 will be implemented.

MM-GEO-2: Inadvertent Discovery Protocol (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-GEO-2, impacts on paleontological resources during construction would be less than significant.

5.5.6.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact GEO-1: Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
(a) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault (No Impact) The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative is not located within an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone (DOC 2019a). No known active faults traverse the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in substantial adverse effects involving rupture of a known earthquake fault, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project alignment are located within a fault zone and no impact would occur under this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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(b) Strong seismic ground shaking (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would include the use of vibration-generating equipment during construction. The use of vibration-generating equipment may exacerbate ground shaking in the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative area, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts related to ground shaking during construction to less than significant.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts involving ground shaking during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not include ground disturbing activities except if there were a pipe break and a section of pipeline needed to be replaced. Operation 699
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and maintenance activities would mostly occur in previously disturbed areas (within paved roads), resulting in no potential to exacerbate liquefaction. In the case of a pipe break, the section would be repaired and returned to previous conditions as expeditiously as possible so as to limit impacts to the public and sewer service. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in substantial adverse effects involving liquefaction, resulting in a less than significant impact.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts involving liquefaction during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts involving landslides during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.
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MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-GEO-1, impacts related to landslides during construction would be less than significant.

Impact GEO-2: Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil (Less than Significant Impact)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would expose and disturb soil during construction. Exposed and disturbed soils are vulnerable to erosion. As part of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative, the Town of Paradise will be required to prepare a SWPPP to comply with the SWRCB’s CGP. The SWPPP will identify BMPs to be implemented on-site to minimize soil erosion during construction, including sediment and erosion control measures and other measures to control chemical contaminants. In addition, this alternative will be required to comply with the grading permit requirements of the Paradise, Butte County, and Chico. The grading permit process would ensure that erosion control measures are incorporated into the plans and implemented during construction. Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not include ground disturbing activities that could expose or disturb soil. Therefore, impacts related to soil erosion or loss of topsoil from the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be less than significant. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts from soil erosion and loss of topsoil.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GEO-3: Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the Project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would include the use of vibration-generating equipment during construction. The use of vibration-generating equipment may exacerbate on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse in the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative area, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts related to on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse during construction to less than significant.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts associated with on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-GEO-1, impacts related to on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse during construction would be less than significant.

Impact GEO-4: Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risk to life or property (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would include the use of vibration-generating equipment during construction. The use of vibration-generating equipment may exacerbate risks associated with expansive soils in the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative area, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts related to expansive soils during construction to less than significant.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project alignment would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated under this criterion. 702
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Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts associated with expansive soils during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, there would be a beneficial impact on soils by replacing existing failed or failing septic systems with a wastewater treatment solution. Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not locate septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems on soils incapable of adequate support, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project alignment would result in impacts under this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GEO-6: Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would involve ground disturbing activities during construction. Ground disturbance during construction could disturb unknown paleontological resources within the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-GEO-2: Inadvertent Discovery Protocol), which would reduce impacts on paleontological resources during construction to less than significant.

Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not include ground disturbing activities except if there were a pipe break and a section of pipeline needed to be replaced. Operation and maintenance activities would mostly occur in previously disturbed areas (within paved roads), resulting in no potential to impact paleontological resources. In the case of a pipe break, the section would be repaired and returned to previous conditions as expeditiously as possible so as to limit impacts to the public and sewer service. Therefore, impacts on paleontological resources during operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be less than significant.
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The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project alignment would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated under this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on paleontological resources during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-GEO-2 will be implemented.

5.5.6.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-6 summarizes the geology, soils, and paleontological resources impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.

Table 5.5-6. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact GEO-1(a): Directly or indirectly
cause potential substantial adverse
effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or
death involving: Rupture of a known
earthquake fault, as delineated on the
most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake
Fault Zoning Map issued by the State
Geologist for the area or based on other
substantial evidence of a known fault
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact GEO-1(b): Directly or indirectly
cause potential substantial adverse
effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or
death involving: Strong seismic ground
shaking
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact GEO-1(c): Directly or indirectly
cause potential substantial adverse
effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or
death involving: Seismic-related ground
failure, including liquefaction
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact GEO-1(d): Directly or indirectly
cause potential substantial adverse
effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or
death involving: Landslides
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact GEO-2: Result in substantial soil
erosion or the loss of topsoil LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=) 704
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Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact GEO-3: Be located on a geologic
unit or soil that is unstable, or that would
become unstable as a result of the
Project, and potentially result in on- or offsite landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact GEO-4: Be located on expansive
soil, as defined in Table 18-1B of the
Uniform Building Code (1994), creating
substantial direct or indirect risk to life or
property
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact GEO-5: Have soils incapable of
adequately supporting the use of septic
tanks or alternative wastewater disposal
systems where sewers are not available
for the disposal of wastewater
NI SU (+) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact GEO-6: Directly or indirectly
destroy a unique paleontological resource
or site or unique geologic feature
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions

5.5.7.1 No Project Alternative
Impact GHG-1: Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same. No construction would occur; therefore, no GHG emissions would be generated. The No Project Alternative would not generate GHG emissions that have a significant impact on the environment. Therefore, no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that of the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not generate GHG emissions, while the Proposed Project would have a lessthan-significant impact from the generation of GHG emissions.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GHG-2: Conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same. No construction would occur; therefore, no GHG emissions would be generated. The No Project Alternative would not conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions.

Therefore, no impact would occur. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed 705
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Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.7.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact GHG-1: Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment (Less than Significant Impact) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would generate GHG emissions during construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would generate GHG emissions similar to those listed in Table 3.8-1, Unmitigated Construction GHG Emissions. The amortized construction GHG emissions from this alternative would not exceed SMAQMD’s threshold of 1,100 MT CO2e per year. Therefore, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in a less-than-significant impact from GHG emissions. GHG emissions during operation and maintenance activities of this alternative would be minimal and immeasurable due to the infrequency of these activities, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from GHG emissions would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GHG-2: Conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions (No Impact)
SB 32 is the current legislation to reduce GHG emissions within California. As discussed under Impact GHG-1, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would generate GHG emissions that do not exceed SMAQMD’s threshold of significance of 1,100 MT CO2e per year. SMAQMD’s threshold is consistent with GHG emissions reduction goals set forth by SB 32, which mandates a GHG emissions target of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Since the construction GHG emissions generated by the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative are below SMAQMD’s threshold of significance, it would not conflict with SB 32 GHG emissions reduction goals. GHG emissions during operation and maintenance activities of this alternative would be minimal and immeasurable due to the infrequency of these activities. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not conflict with any plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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5.5.7.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact GHG-1: Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment (Less than Significant Impact) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate GHG emissions during construction. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate GHG emissions similar to those listed in Table 3.8-1, Unmitigated Construction GHG Emissions. The amortized construction GHG emissions from this alternative would not exceed SMAQMD’s threshold of 1,100 MT CO2e per year. Therefore, construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a less-thansignificant impact from GHG emissions. GHG emissions during operation and maintenance activities of this alternative would be minimal and immeasurable due to the infrequency of these activities, resulting in no impact.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GHG-2: Conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions (No Impact)
SB 32 is the current legislation to reduce GHG emissions within California. As discussed under Impact GHG-1, construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate GHG emissions that do not exceed SMAQMD’s threshold of significance of 1,100 MT CO2e per year. SMAQMD’s threshold is consistent with GHG emissions reduction goals set forth by SB 32, which mandates a GHG emissions target of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Since the construction GHG emissions generated by the Crouch Avenue Alternative are below SMAQMD’s threshold of significance, it would not conflict with SB 32 GHG emissions reduction goals. GHG emissions during operation and maintenance activities of this alternative would be minimal and immeasurable due to the infrequency of these activities.

Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with any plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.7.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact GHG-1: Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment (Less than Significant Impact) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate GHG emissions during construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch 707
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Avenue Alternative would generate GHG emissions similar to those listed in Table 3.8-1, Unmitigated Construction GHG Emissions. The amortized construction GHG emissions from this alternative would not exceed SMAQMD’s threshold of 1,100 MT CO2e per year. Therefore, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a less-than-significant impact from GHG emissions. GHG emissions during operation and maintenance activities of this alternative would be minimal and immeasurable due to the infrequency of these activities, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from GHG emissions would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact GHG-2: Conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions (No Impact)
SB 32 is the current legislation to reduce GHG emissions within California. As discussed under Impact GHG-1, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate GHG emissions that do not exceed SMAQMD’s thresholds of 1,100 MT CO2e per year. SMAQMD’s threshold is consistent with GHG emissions reduction goals set forth by SB 32, which mandates a GHG emissions target of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Since the construction GHG emissions generated by the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative are below SMAQMD’s threshold of significance, it would not conflict with SB 32 GHG emissions reduction goals. GHG emissions during operation and maintenance activities would be minimal and immeasurable due to the infrequency of these activities. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with any plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions, resulting in no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project alignment would conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.7.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-7 summarizes the GHG emissions impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.

Table 5.5-7. Alternatives Impacts Summary for GHG Emissions Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact GHG-1: Generate GHG
emissions, either directly or indirectly, that
may have a significant impact on the
environment
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
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Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact GHG-2: Conflict with an applicable
plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the
purpose of reducing GHG emissions
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.8 Hazards and Hazardous Materials

5.5.8.1 No Project Alternative
Impact HAZ-1: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same. No construction would occur; therefore, no potential for construction related hazardous materials use, transportation, or disposal would occur beyond that of existing conditions. The No Project Alternative would not pose a threat from hazards or hazardous materials that would have a significant impact on the environment.

Therefore, no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that of the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not use construction related hazardous materials, while the Proposed Project would have a less-than-significant impact from the use, transportation, or disposal of construction related hazardous materials.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HAZ-2: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same. No construction would occur; therefore, no potential for the possible release of construction related hazardous materials would occur beyond that of existing conditions. The No Project Alternative would not pose a threat from hazards or hazardous materials that would have a significant impact on the environment. Therefore, no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that of the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not use construction related hazardous materials, while the Proposed Project would have a less-than-significant impact from the possible release of construction related hazardous materials.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HAZ-3: Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same. No construction would occur; therefore, no potential for the emission of construction related hazardous materials near a school 709
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would occur beyond that of existing conditions. Therefore, no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that of the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not use construction related hazardous materials, while the Proposed Project would have a less-than-significant impact from the possible emission of construction related hazardous materials.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HAZ-4: Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same. No construction would occur; therefore, no potential for construction at a listed site would occur. Therefore, no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that of the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not construct any infrastructure, while the Proposed Project would have a less-thansignificant impact from construction at a listed site.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

The level of impact would be the same as that of the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not have potential to encounter airport noise hazards, and the Proposed Project would also have no impact because there are no public airports within 2 miles of the study area.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HAZ-6: Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same. No construction would occur; therefore, no potential for emergency response or evacuation interruptions would occur.

Therefore, no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that of the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative have no potential for emergency response or evacuation interruptions, while the Proposed Project would have a less-than-significant impact from minor construction interruptions to emergency response or evacuation.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact HAZ-7: Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same. No construction would occur; therefore, no increase potential for wildland fires would occur. Therefore, no impact would occur.

The level of impact would be less than that of the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative have no increased potential for wildland fires, while the Proposed Project would have a less-thansignificant impact from wildland fires.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.8.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact HAZ-1: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would include the use, transportation, and disposal of construction or inspection related hazardous materials, such as vehicle fuels, grease, asphalt, concrete, lubricants, and drilling fluids which could pose a threat as hazardous materials. Using these materials, including their routine transport and disposal, carries the potential for an accidental release into the local environment, including near the waterbodies that are the locations of the proposed trenchless crossings. The alternative would require the implementation of a SWPPP and coverage under the NPDES construction general permit for discharges of storm water associated with construction and land disturbance activities. The SWPPP would include measures to safely use and store such hazardous materials to reduce impacts However, with vehicle and equipment use comes the potential for spills during maintenance and refueling which would be a significant impact. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in a significant impact from the use, transportation, and generation of hazardous materials. The Entler Avenue Hybrid location would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle and Equipment Access and Fueling), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction, operation and maintenance. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from the use, transportation, or disposal of hazardous materials would be reduced to a less than significant level for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts from the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials associated with the construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-1 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle and Equipment Access and Fueling (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, impacts on the routine transport, use or disposal of hazardous materials would be less than significant. 711
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Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HAZ-2: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment (Less than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would include the possible release of construction or inspection related hazardous materials. However, the Proposed Project would be required to implement a SWPPP with best management practices to reduce the likelihood and severity of the release of construction related pollutants like fuel and grease. Any contaminated soils or groundwater encountered by the project would be managed, stored, and disposed of in accordance with requirements of the SWPPP and NPDES permit Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in a lessthan-significant impact from the possible release of hazardous materials. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from the possible release of hazardous materials would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

However, the risk of release would be reduced through implementation of the Project SWPPP.

Additionally, the alternative would implement BCAQMD best practice measures (listed in Section 3.3 Air Quality) to reduce diesel particulate matter. Therefore, with implementation of a Project SWPPP, BCAQMD best practice measures, and consistency with hazardous materials handling and air quality district requirements, impacts from construction within one-quarter mile of an existing school would be less than significant. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from the emission of hazardous materials would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HAZ-4: Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative could include construction or inspection at a listed site. However, any contaminated soils encountered by the alternative would be managed, stored, and disposed of in accordance with requirements of the SWPPP and NPDES permit thus reducing impacts. Additionally, any hazardous materials encountered, including contaminated soils and groundwater, would be managed and disposed of in accordance with 712
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California Department of Toxic Substances Control regulations. Further, the alternative would have to comply with regional, state, and federal requirements for the transport, use, and disposal of hazardous materials. However, while unlikely, the potential remains to encounter contaminated soils and impacts would be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative location would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-2: Cypress Lane Site Specific Contaminated Soil Management Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction, operation, and maintenance. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from being located at a listed site would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts from being located on a hazardous materials site associated with construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-2 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-2: Cypress Lane Site Specific Contaminated Soil Management Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-2, impacts from being located on a hazardous materials site would be less than significant.

Impact HAZ-5: For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within 2 miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area (No Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not be located within 2 miles of a public airport. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in no impact from noise from being located within 2 miles of a public airport. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Proposed Project nor the Enter Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be located within 2 miles of a public airport.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

However, installation of the Export Pipeline System would occur along Skyway, which is an evacuation route in Paradise. Therefore, the construction area for the Export Pipeline System along Skyway could potentially interfere with the flow of evacuation traffic. As a result, the impact on an emergency response or emergency evacuation plan would be significant during construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative location would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project 713
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(MM-HAZ-3: Road Closure Restrictions, MM-HAZ-HAZ-4: Rapid Demobilization Plan, MM-HAZ-5:

Evacuation Warning Procedures, and MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction. There would be no interruptions from operation and maintenance activities. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from interruptions to emergency response or evacuation routes would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative after the implementation of mitigation.

Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts on an emergency response and emergency evacuation plan associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-3, MM-HAZ-4, MM-HAZ-5, and MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-3: Road Closure Restrictions (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-HAZ-4: Rapid Demobilization Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-5: Evacuation Warning Procedures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-3, MM-HAZ-4, MM-HAZ-5, and MM-HAZ-6, impacts on an emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan would be less than significant.

Impact HAZ-7: Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative could include the potential exposing workers to wildland fires during construction. The study area is located in a Local Responsibility Area Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone in Paradise. The export pipeline passes through State or Federal Responsibility Area Very High, High, and Moderate Fire Hazard Severity Zones (Cal Fire 2008). Project construction and routine maintenance would temporarily expose workers to hazards associated with being in areas with high wildfire danger. Therefore, impacts would be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling, MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures, MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures, and MM-HAZ-9:

Wildland Fire Area), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction, operation and maintenance. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from wildland fire exposure would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative after mitigation is incorporated.
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Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts from wildfire risk associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-9: Wildland Fire Area (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9, impacts for exposing people or structures to significant risk of loss, injury, or death involving wildland fires would be less than significant.

5.5.8.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact HAZ-1: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would include the use, transportation, and disposal of construction or inspection related hazardous materials. The alternative would require the implementation of a SWPPP and coverage under the NPDES construction general permit for discharges of storm water associated with construction and land disturbance activities. The SWPPP would include measures to safely use and store such hazardous materials to reduce impacts. However, with vehicle and equipment use comes the potential for spills during maintenance and refueling which would be a significant impact. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a significant impact from the use, transportation, and generation of hazardous materials. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle and Equipment Access and Fueling), which would reduce impacts during construction, operation and maintenance to a less than significant level). The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from the use, transportation, or disposal of hazardous materials would be reduced to a less than significant level for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Crouch Avenue Alternative after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts from the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials associated with the construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-1 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle and Equipment Access and Fueling (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
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Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, impacts on the routine transport, use or disposal of hazardous materials would be less than significant.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HAZ-2: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment (Less than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would include the possible release of construction or inspection related hazardous materials. However, the Proposed Project would be required to implement a SWPPP with best management practices to reduce the likelihood and severity of the release of construction related pollutants like fuel and grease. Any contaminated soils or groundwater encountered by the project would be managed, stored, and disposed of in accordance with requirements of the SWPPP and NPDES permit Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a less-thansignificant impact from the possible release of hazardous materials. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from the possible release of hazardous materials would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Crouch Avenue Alternative.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

However, the risk of release would be reduced through implementation of the Project SWPPP.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HAZ-4: Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative could include construction or inspection at a listed site. However, any contaminated soils encountered by the 716
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alternative would be managed, stored, and disposed of in accordance with requirements of the SWPPP and NPDES permit thus reducing impacts. Additionally, any hazardous materials encountered, including contaminated soils and groundwater, would be managed and disposed of in accordance with California Department of Toxic Substances Control regulations. Further, the alternative would have to comply with regional, state, and federal requirements for the transport, use, and disposal of hazardous materials. However, while unlikely, the potential remains to encounter contaminated soils and impacts would be significant. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project MM-HAZ-2: Cypress Lane Site Specific Contaminated Soil Management Plan), which would reduce impacts during construction, operation and maintenance to a less than significant level. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from being located at a listed site would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Crouch Avenue Alternative after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts from being located on a hazardous materials site associated with construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-2 will be implemented.

Impact HAZ-5: For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within 2 miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area (No Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not be located within 2 miles of a public airport. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in no impact from noise from being located within 2 miles of a public airport. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Proposed Project Entler alignment nor the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be located within 2 miles of a public airport.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HAZ-6: Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative could include the potential for minor interruptions to emergency response or evacuation routes due to full or partial road closures during construction. Interruptions would be temporary during construction. However, installation of the Export Pipeline System would occur along Skyway, which is an evacuation route in Paradise. Therefore, the construction area for the Export Pipeline System along Skyway could potentially interfere with the flow of evacuation traffic. As a result, the impact on an emergency 717
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response or emergency evacuation plan would be significant during construction. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-3: Road Closure Restrictions, MM-HAZ-4: Rapid Demobilization Plan, MM-HAZ-5: Evacuation Warning Procedures, and MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

There would be no interruptions from operation and maintenance activities. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from interruptions to emergency response or evacuation routes would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Crouch Avenue Alternative after the implementation of mitigation.

Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts on an emergency response and emergency evacuation plan associated with construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-3, MM-HAZ-4, MM-HAZ-5, and MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

Impact HAZ-7: Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative could include the potential exposing workers to wildland fires during construction. The study area is located in a Local Responsibility Area Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone in Paradise. The export pipeline passes through State or Federal Responsibility Area Very High, High, and Moderate Fire Hazard Severity Zones (Cal Fire 2008). Project construction and routine maintenance would temporarily expose workers to hazards associated with being in areas with high wildfire danger. Therefore, impacts would be significant. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling, MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures, MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures, and MM-HAZ-9:

Wildland Fire Area), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from wildland fire exposure would 718
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be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Crouch Avenue Alternative after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts from wildfire risk associated with construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MMHAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9 will be implemented.

Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9, impacts for exposing people or structures to significant risk of loss, injury, or death involving wildland fires would be less than significant.

5.5.8.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact HAZ-1: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would include the use, transportation, and disposal of construction or inspection related hazardous materials. The alternative would require the implementation of a SWPPP and coverage under the NPDES construction general permit for discharges of storm water associated with construction and land disturbance activities. The SWPPP would include measures to safely use and store such hazardous materials to reduce impacts However, with vehicle and equipment use comes the potential for spills during maintenance and refueling which would be a significant impact. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a significant impact from the use, transportation, and generation of hazardous materials. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ:1: Vehicle and Equipment Access and Fueling), which would reduce impacts during construction, operation and maintenance to a less than significant level. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from the use, transportation, or disposal of hazardous materials would be reduced to a less than significant level for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative after mitigation is incorporated.
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Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts from the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials associated with the construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-1 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ:1: Vehicle and Equipment Access and Fueling (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, impacts on the routine transport, use or disposal of hazardous materials would be less than significant.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HAZ-2: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment (Less than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would include the possible release of construction or inspection related hazardous materials. However, the Proposed Project would be required to implement a SWPPP with best management practices to reduce the likelihood and severity of the release of construction related pollutants like fuel and grease. Any contaminated soils or groundwater encountered by the project would be managed, stored, and disposed of in accordance with requirements of the SWPPP and NPDES permit Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a less-than-significant impact from the possible release of hazardous materials. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from the possible release of hazardous materials would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HAZ-3: Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school (Less than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative has the potential to emit hazardous materials or substances through the use of common construction materials. However, the risk of release would be reduced through implementation of the Project SWPPP. Additionally, the alternative would implement BCAQMD best practice measures (listed in Section 3.3 Air Quality) to reduce diesel particulate matter. Therefore, with implementation of a Project SWPPP, BCAQMD best practice measures, and consistency with hazardous materials handling and air quality district requirements, impacts from construction within one-quarter mile of an existing school would be less than significant. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from the emission of hazardous materials would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative.
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Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Cypress Lane Site Specific Contaminated Soil Management Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction, operation and maintenance. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from being located at a listed site would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts from being located on a hazardous materials site associated with construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-2 will be implemented.

Impact HAZ-5: For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within 2 miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area (No Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not be located within 2 miles of a public airport. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in no impact from noise from being located within 2 miles of a public airport. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Proposed Project Entler alignment nor the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be located within 2 miles of a public airport.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact HAZ-6: Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative could include the potential for minor interruptions to emergency response or evacuation routes due to full or partial road closures during construction. Interruptions would be temporary during construction. However, installation of the Export Pipeline System would occur along Skyway, which is an evacuation route in Paradise. Therefore, the construction area for the Export Pipeline System along Skyway could potentially interfere with the flow of evacuation traffic. As a result, the impact on an emergency response or emergency evacuation plan would be significant during construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-3: Road Closure Restrictions, MM-HAZ-4: Rapid Demobilization Plan, MM-HAZ-5: Evacuation Warning Procedures, and MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce significant impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

There would be no interruptions from operation and maintenance activities. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from interruptions to emergency response or evacuation routes would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative after the implementation of mitigation.

Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts on an emergency response and emergency evacuation plan associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-3, MM-HAZ-4, MM-HAZ-5, and MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-3: Road Closure Restrictions (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-4: Rapid Demobilization Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-5: Evacuation Warning Procedures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-3, MM-HAZ-4, MM-HAZ-5, and MM-HAZ-6, impacts on an emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan would be less than significant.
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Impact HAZ-7: Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative could include the potential exposing workers to wildland fires during construction. The study area is located in a Local Responsibility Area Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone in Paradise. The export pipeline passes through State or Federal Responsibility Area Very High, High, and Moderate Fire Hazard Severity Zones (Cal Fire 2008). Project construction and routine maintenance would temporarily expose workers to hazards associated with being in areas with high wildfire danger.

Therefore, impacts would be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling, MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures, MM-HAZ-8:

Incorporate Public Safety Measures, and MM-HAZ-9: Wildland Fire Area), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction, operation and maintenance. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from wildland fire exposure would be less than significant for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts from wildfire risk associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MMHAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling, (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-9: Wildland Fire Area (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9, impacts for exposing people or structures to significant risk of loss, injury, or death involving wildland fires would be less than significant.

5.5.8.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-8 summarizes the hazards and hazardous materials impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.
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Table 5.5-8. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Hazards and Hazardous Materials Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact HAZ-1: Create a significant hazard to
the public or the environment through the
routine transport, use, or disposal of
hazardous materials
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact HAZ-2: Create a significant hazard to
the public or the environment through
reasonably foreseeable upset and accident
conditions involving the release of hazardous
materials into the environment
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact HAZ-3: Emit hazardous emissions or
handle hazardous or acutely hazardous
materials, substances, or waste within onequarter mile of an existing or proposed school
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact HAZ-4: Be located on a site which is
included on a list of hazardous materials
sites compiled pursuant to Government
Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result,
would it create a significant hazard to the
public or the environment
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact HAZ-5: For a project located within
an airport land use plan or, where such a
plan has not been adopted, within 2 miles of
a public airport or public use airport, would
the project result in a safety hazard or
excessive noise for people residing or
working in the project area
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact HAZ-6: Impair implementation of or
physically interfere with an adopted
emergency response plan or emergency
evacuation plan
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact HAZ-7: Expose people or structures,
either directly or indirectly, to a significant
risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland
fires
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project 724
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5.5.9 Hydrology and Water Quality

5.5.9.1 No Project Alternative
Impact HYD-1: Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality (Significant and Unavoidable Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, the wastewater system in Paradise would continue to consist of individual, privately owned septic tanks and leach fields with subsurface disposal systems. As a result, impacts on groundwater and surface water quality would persist and worsen. As discussed in Section 3.9, Hydrology and Water Quality, as a result of historical use of high-density septic systems and leach fields in Paradise include microbial contaminants, inorganic contaminants, and organic chemical contaminants. High levels of fecal coliform and septic system effluent have also degraded water quality as a result of septic system usage in the study area (Montgomery 1983). Under the No Project Alternative, septic systems and leach fields would continue to degrade surface and groundwater quality, resulting in significant and unavoidable impacts. The level of impact would be greater than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in beneficial water quality impacts once operational. As discussed in Section 2.3.2, removing septic systems in areas where specific systems have failed, or are projected to fail would directly respond to the goals and priorities identified in SWECB’s Strategic Plan. The document also describes SWRCB’s Strategic Priority Actions, and in a discussion on wastewater infrastructure and sustainability, states:

The need for updated and new infrastructure is particularly critical for small communities with very limited resources. The State Water Board will emphasize a renewed focus on small community wastewater projects and make it a priority to help ensure that small and/or disadvantaged communities have the resources needed to protect water quality and public health related to wastewater (SWRCB 2010).

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HYD-2: Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the Project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin (No Impact)
The No Project Alternative would not result in changes to groundwater usage in the study area. The permeability of the soils study area would also not change from current conditions, and groundwater recharge would not be affected. Therefore, no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in less-than-significant groundwater impacts.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact HYD-3: Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would:
(a) Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site (No Impact) The No Project Alternative would be consistent with current conditions, would not alter the course of any streams or rivers, and does not include construction activities or additional impervious surfaces. No structures would be built in or around waterbodies under the No Project Alternative. Therefore, there would be no impact on erosion, siltation, surface runoff, or flooding. Additionally, there would be no impact on impeding or redirecting flows and additional sources of polluted runoff. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in a lessthan-significant impact under Impact HYD-3 (a) through (d).

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
(b) Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or off-site (No Impact)
See discussion under Impact HYD-3 (a).

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
(c) Create or contribute runoff water that would exceed the capacity of existing or planned storm water drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff (No Impact)
See discussion under Impact HYD-3 (a).

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
(d) Impede or redirect flood flows (No Impact)
See discussion under Impact HYD-3 (a).

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HYD-4: In flood hazard zones, risk release of pollutants due to Project inundation (Significant and Unavoidable Impact)
As discussed in Section 3.10, there are Special Flood Hazard Areas (areas susceptible to a 100-year flood) in the study area. Under the No Project Alternative, groundwater and surface water quality could continue to be degraded as a result of high-density septic system usage and leach fields. If the study area were to be inundated during a flood, there is a risk that pollutants would be released and dispersed into nearby surface waterbodies or further infiltrate into groundwater resources, resulting in a significant and unavoidable impact. The level of impact would be greater than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in less than significant impacts from being located within a flood hazard zone.

Mitigation. No available mitigation.
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Impact HYD-5: Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan (Significant and Unavoidable Impact) As discussed in Section 3.10, the study area would be covered by the Water Quality Control Plan for the Central Valley Region (RWQCB 2018). The Butte County Groundwater Conservation Ordinance also applies to the study area. The Butte County Groundwater Conservation Ordinance addresses groundwater extractions that harm the Butte Basin Aquifer. No groundwater extractions would occur under the No Project Alternative. However, as discussed in Impact HYD-1, under the No Project Alternative significant impacts on groundwater and surface water quality could occur through continued use of septic systems and leach fields. This continued degradation of surface and groundwater quality would conflict with the Water Quality Control Plan for the Central Valley Region, resulting in significant and unavoidable impacts. The level of impact would be greater than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would have no impact under this criterion and would result in beneficial impacts to surface and groundwater quality.

Mitigation. No available mitigation.

5.5.9.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact HYD-1: Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The impact analysis for the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be similar to the analysis for the Proposed Project. As discussed for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would improve surface and groundwater quality in the study area through the removal of septic systems and implementation of an improved sewer system. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would require trenchless crossings of Butte Creek. Launching and receiving pits used for trenchless crossings would be set back to avoid riparian vegetation, which would also minimize effects to surface water quality.

Ground disturbance and work near waterbodies during implementation of the Export Pipeline System could impact water quality. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would include implementation of a construction SWPPP which would require BMPs to minimize potential short-term increases in sediment transport caused by construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would also require regulatory permits from USACE (Section 404 and Section 408), the Regional Board (Section 401), and CDFW (Streambed Alteration Agreement). This alternative would also require a CGP and Small MS4 permit. Compliance with these permitting requirements would protect water quality during construction. However, there is still potential for adverse water quality impacts during construction. If implementation of the project were to cause adverse water quality impacts, this would result in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle and Equipment Access and Fueling, MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan, MM-HYD-2: Construction Best Management Practices, and MM-BIO-15: Frac-Out-Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

In the event of a sewer main break during operations, the Town Wastewater Department will develop an Operations Response Plan as part of its overall operations and maintenance processes that will 727
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provide direction for handling such an occurrence. The Department will also have on-hand the equipment and spare parts necessary to rapidly implement a repair.

The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would add an additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater to be treated at Chico WPCP and discharged to the Sacramento River through a submerged outfall diffuser regulated in accordance with NPDES Permit No. CA0079081 (Order No. R5-2016-0023). The additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater is within the permitted allowance.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in beneficial water quality impacts once operational and would require mitigation to reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on water quality associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-1, MM-HYD-1, MM-HYD-2, and MM-BIO-15 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle and Equipment Access and Fueling (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description)
MM-HYD-2: Construction Best Management Practices (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description)
MM-BIO-15: Frac-Out-Plan (see Section 3.4 Biological Resources, for description).

Significance after Mitigation. With implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HYD-1, MM-HYD-2, and MMBIO-15, impacts to water quality would be less than significant.

Impact HYD-2: Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the Project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin (Less than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not involve the use of groundwater during construction; however, groundwater could be encountered during ground disturbance for construction of the Export Pipeline System. This alternative would require pit excavations for trenchless crossings, and any water encountered during excavations would be placed into a settling tank before being trucked to a nearby sewer main for discharge. Any localized lowering of the groundwater table as a result of excavations and trenchless crossings would be anticipated to recover quickly and would not cause a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the groundwater table. Additionally, this alternative would not introduce impervious surfaces that would impede groundwater recharge because the right of way or other area disturbed during construction would be restored. Impacts on groundwater would be less than significant, and no mitigation would be required.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler 728
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Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-thansignificant impacts on groundwater supplies or groundwater recharge.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HYD-3: Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would:
(a) Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
This alternative would require trenchless crossings under Butte Creek. Temporary water quality impacts could result from sediment discharge from areas of disturbance and construction near water resources.

The crossings would be required to have a minimum depth of 20 feet below the waterbody with a launching and receiving pit on either end of the crossing. As discussed in Section 2.5.2 Export Pipeline System, and shown in Figure 2-12 Typical HDD Installation, there would be an approximate 10- by 5- foot launching and receiving pit and additional protected space on either end of the waterbody.

Prior to construction and ground disturbing activities, Town would require that the contractor comply with the State Water Resources Control Board CGP, which requires the preparation and implementation of a SWPPP. In addition to the CGP, the alternative would require a Small MS4 Permit.

The alternative would comply with mandates set forth in these permits. Potential still exists for construction activities to result in erosion or siltation. Therefore, Impacts would be significant during construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction. No impacts would occur during operations because treated wastewater would continue to be discharged to the Sacramento River.

Therefore, the alternative would not alter the drainage patters of the Sacramento River or create additional erosion or siltation. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on erosion and siltation after the implementation of mitigation.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on erosion or siltation associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HYD-1 will be implemented.

There would be no additional runoff to a FEMA floodplain. As discussed, the Town will require that the contractor comply with SWRCB’s CGP, which requires the preparation and implementation of a SWPPP. However, the potential for on- or off-site flooding still exists during construction and impacts would be considered significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan and MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-thansignificant impacts on surface runoff and flooding after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on flooding associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HYD-1 and MM-HYD-3 will be implemented.

MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description)
MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-1 and MM-HYD-3, impacts on flooding on- or off-site would be less than significant. (c) Create or contribute runoff water that would exceed the capacity of existing or planned storm water drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) As discussed in Impact HYD-3 (b), the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not increase the amount of surface water runoff in the study area, and polluted runoff during construction would be controlled through the implementation of a Construction SWPPP. Compliance with the CGP and Small MS4 Permit would help prevent runoff from nearby existing drainage systems. However, the potential for polluted runoff still exists during construction. Impacts would therefore be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan and MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction. 730
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Similar to the analysis for the Proposed Project, no impacts would occur during operations, and treated wastewater would continue to be discharged to the Sacramento River in accordance with NPDES permitting.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-thansignificant impacts on runoff water and polluted runoff after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on polluted runoff associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HYD-1 and MM-HYD-3 will be implemented.

MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description)
MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-1 and MM-HYD-3 , impacts on polluted runoff would be less than significant.
(d) Impede or redirect flood flows (Less than Significant Impact) No impacts would occur during operations because treated wastewater would continue to be discharged to the Sacramento River. The Export Pipeline System would require work near waterbodies; however, construction would not occur within any waterbodies. The alternative would involve trenchless crossings using HDD methods at Butte Creek at depths of at least 20 feet below the creek bed. Waters within Butte Creek would therefore not be redirected or impeded. Additionally, compliance with applicable permits, impacts from impeding or redirecting flood flows would be less than significant, and no mitigation would be required. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on impeding and redirecting flows.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HYD-4: In flood hazard zones, risk release of pollutants due to Project inundation (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Most of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative is located in a minimal flood hazard zone. Portions of the study area are also located within Moderate Flood Hazard Areas and Special Flood Hazard Areas (FEMA 2020, Butte County 2021e). The alternative would comply with Section 408 permitting requirements and would be designed in accordance with USACE standards. As discussed in Section 3.10.2, Regulatory Setting, Section 408 provides that USACE may grant permission for another party to alter a Civil Works project upon a determination that the alteration proposed will not be injurious to the public interest and will not impair the usefulness of the Civil Works project. Impacts on the Butte Creek Diversion Channel would be avoided under this alternative. However, because there is a possibility that the study area could experience flooding, this impact would be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project 731
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(MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

No impacts would occur during operations because treated wastewater would continue to be discharged to the Sacramento River. Therefore, impacts would be considered less than significant, and no mitigation is required. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment because both the Proposed Project and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in less-than-significant impacts from being located within a flood zone after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts from the release of pollutants due to Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative inundation to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HYD-3 will be implemented.

MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-3, impacts from the release of pollutants due to Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative inundation would be less than significant.

Impact HYD-5: Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
As discussed under Impact HYD-1, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would improve surface water and groundwater quality in the study area by implementing an improved sewer system connecting to the Chico WPCP. The alternative would align with the California Water Board’s Strategic Plan Summary to increase water supplies and improve groundwater quality. Consistent with the Proposed Project, implementation of a Construction SWPPP and compliance with permitting requirements would protect water quality during construction.

The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not include the use of groundwater. As discussed under the Proposed Project, construction of the Export Pipeline System would not result in permanent reductions in groundwater levels adjacent to construction areas. Therefore, there would be no impact on a sustainable groundwater management plan or ordinance.

As discussed under Impact HYD-1, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would add an additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater to be treated at Chico WPCP and discharged to the Sacramento River through a submerged outfall diffuser regulated in accordance with NPDES Permit No. CA0079081 (Order No. R5- 2016-0023). The additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater is within the permitted allowance. As such, there would be no impact on the Water Quality Control Plan for the Central Valley Region. However, there is potential that water quality impacts could occur during construction. Impacts would therefore be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less than 732
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significant impacts on a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan with mitigation incorporated, and groundwater and surface water quality would improve once operational.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HYD-1 will be implemented.

5.5.9.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact HYD-1: Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The impact analysis for the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be similar to the analysis for the Proposed Project. As discussed for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would improve surface and groundwater quality in the study area through the removal of septic systems and implementation of an improved sewer system. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would require trenchless crossings of Little Chico Creek. Launching and receiving pits used for trenchless crossings would be set back to avoid riparian vegetation, which would also minimize effects to surface water quality. Ground disturbance and work near waterbodies during implementation of the Export Pipeline System could impact water quality. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would include implementation of a construction SWPPP which would require BMPs to minimize potential short-term increases in sediment transport caused by construction. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would also require regulatory permits from USACE (Section 404 and Section 408), the Regional Board (Section 401), and CDFW (Streambed Alteration Agreement). This alternative would also require a CGP and Small MS4 permit. Compliance with these permitting requirements would protect water quality during construction. However, there is still potential for adverse water quality impacts during construction. If implementation of the project were to cause adverse water quality impacts, this would result in a significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle and Equipment Access and Fueling, MMHYD-2: Construction Best Management Practices, MM-BIO-15: Frac-Out-Plan, and MM-HYD-1:

Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

In the event of a sewer main break during operations, the Town Wastewater Department will develop an Operations Response Plan as part of its overall operations and maintenance processes that will provide direction for handling such an occurrence. The Department will also have on-hand the equipment and spare parts necessary to rapidly implement a repair. 733
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The Crouch Avenue Alternative would add an additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater to be treated at Chico WPCP and discharged to the Sacramento River through a submerged outfall diffuser regulated in accordance with NPDES Permit No. CA0079081 (Order No. R5-2016-0023). The additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater is within the permitted allowance.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in beneficial water quality impacts once operational and would require mitigation to reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on water quality associated with construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-1, MMHYD-1, MM-HYD-2, and MM-BIO-15 will be implemented.

Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HYD-1, MM-HYD-2, and MM-BIO-15, impacts to water quality would be less than significant .

Impact HYD-2: Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the Project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin (Less than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not involve the use of groundwater during construction; however, groundwater could be encountered during ground disturbance for construction of the Export Pipeline System. This alternative would require pit excavations for trenchless crossings, and any water encountered during excavations would be placed into a settling tank before being trucked to a nearby sewer main for discharge. Any localized lowering of the groundwater table as a result of excavations and trenchless crossings would be anticipated to recover quickly and would not cause a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the groundwater table. Additionally, this alternative would not introduce impervious surfaces that would impede groundwater recharge because the right of way or other area disturbed during construction would be restored. Impacts on groundwater would be less than significant, and no mitigation would be required.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-thansignificant impacts on groundwater supplies or groundwater recharge.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact HYD-3: Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would:
(a) Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
This alternative would require trenchless crossings under Little Chico Creek. Temporary water quality impacts could result from sediment discharge from areas of disturbance and construction near water resources. The crossings would be required to have a minimum depth of 20 feet below the waterbody with a launching and receiving pit on either end of the crossing. As discussed in Section 2.5.2 Export Pipeline System, and shown in Figure 2-12 Typical HDD Installation, there would be an approximate 10- by 5- foot launching and receiving pit and additional protected space on either end of the waterbody.

The alternative would comply with mandates set forth in these permits. Potential still exists for construction activities to result in erosion or siltation. Therefore, Impacts would be significant during construction. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

No impacts would occur during operations because treated wastewater would continue to be discharged to the Sacramento River. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on erosion and siltation after the implementation of mitigation.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on erosion or siltation associated with construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MMHYD-1 will be implemented.

There would be no additional runoff to a FEMA floodplain. As discussed, the Town will require that the contractor comply with SWRCB’s CGP, which requires the preparation and implementation of a SWPPP. However, the potential for on- or off-site flooding still exists during construction and impacts would be considered significant. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan and MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on flooding associated with construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HYD-1 and MMHYD-3 will be implemented.

Significance after mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-1 and MM-HYD-3, impacts on flooding on- or off-site would be less than significant. (c) Create or contribute runoff water that would exceed the capacity of existing or planned storm water drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
As discussed in Impact HYD-3 (b), the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not increase the amount of surface water runoff in the study area. The alternative would not introduce new impervious surfaces because the ROW or other area disturbed during construction would be restored. Polluted runoff during construction would be controlled through the implementation of a Construction SWPPP. Compliance with the CGP and Small MS4 Permit would help prevent runoff from nearby existing drainage systems.

However, the potential for polluted runoff still exists during construction. Impacts would therefore be significant. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan and MM-HYD-3:

Flood Protection Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

Similar to the analysis for the Proposed Project, no impacts would occur during operations, and treated wastewater would continue to be discharged to the Sacramento River in accordance with NPDES permitting.
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The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-thansignificant impacts on runoff water and polluted runoff after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on polluted runoff associated with construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HYD-1 and MMHYD-3 will be implemented.

Waters within Little Chico Creek would therefore not be redirected or impeded. Levees located along Little Chico Creek are locally constructed, operated and maintained (USACE 2016). Additionally, compliance with applicable permits, impacts from impeding or redirecting flood flows would be less than significant, and no mitigation would be required. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on impeding and redirecting flows.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

No impacts would occur during operations because treated wastewater would continue to be discharged to the Sacramento River. Therefore, impacts would be considered less than significant, and 737
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no mitigation is required. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment because both the Proposed Project and the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in less-than-significant impacts from being located within a flood zone after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts from the release of pollutants due to Crouch Avenue Alternative inundation to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HYD-3 will be implemented.

MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-3, impacts from the release of pollutants due to Crouch Avenue Alternative inundation would be less than significant.

Impact HYD-5: Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
As discussed under Impact HYD-1, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would improve surface water and groundwater quality in the study area by implementing an improved sewer system connecting to the Chico WPCP. The alternative would align with the California Water Board’s Strategic Plan Summary to increase water supplies and improve groundwater quality. Consistent with the Proposed Project, implementation of a Construction SWPPP and compliance with permitting requirements would protect water quality during construction.

The Crouch Avenue Alternative would not include the use of groundwater. As discussed under the Proposed Project, construction of the Export Pipeline System would not result in permanent reductions in groundwater levels adjacent to construction areas. Therefore, there would be no impact on a sustainable groundwater management plan or ordinance.

As discussed under Impact HYD-1, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would add an additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater to be treated at Chico WPCP and discharged to the Sacramento River through a submerged outfall diffuser regulated in accordance with NPDES Permit No. CA0079081 (Order No. R5- 2016-0023). The additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater is within the permitted allowance. As such, there would be no impact on the Water Quality Control Plan for the Central Valley Region. However, there is potential that water quality impacts could occur during construction. Impacts would therefore be significant. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less than significant impacts on a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan with mitigation incorporated, and groundwater and surface water quality would improve once operational.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan associated with construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HYD-1 will be implemented. 738
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MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description).

Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-1, impacts on a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan would be less than significant.

5.5.9.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact HYD-1: Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The impact analysis for the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be similar to the analysis for the Proposed Project. As discussed for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would improve surface and groundwater quality in the study area through the removal of septic systems and implementation of an improved sewer system. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would require trenchless crossings of Little Chico Creek and Butte Creek. Launching and receiving pits used for trenchless crossings would be set back to avoid riparian vegetation, which would also minimize effects to surface water quality. Ground disturbance and work near waterbodies during implementation of the Export Pipeline System could impact water quality.

Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would include implementation of a construction SWPPP which would require BMPs to minimize potential short-term increases in sediment transport caused by construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would also require regulatory permits from USACE (Section 404 and Section 408), the Regional Board (Section 401), and CDFW (Streambed Alteration Agreement). This alternative would also require a CGP and Small MS4 permit. Compliance with these permitting requirements would protect water quality during construction. However, there is still potential for adverse water quality impacts during construction. If implementation of the project were to cause adverse water quality impacts, this would result in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle and Equipment Access and Fueling, MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan, MM-HYD-2: Construction Best Management Practices, and MM-BIO-15:

Frac-Out-Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would add an additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater to be treated at Chico WPCP and discharged to the Sacramento River through a submerged outfall diffuser regulated in accordance with NPDES Permit No. CA0079081 (Order No. R5- 2016-0023). The additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater is within the permitted allowance. Operations and maintenance would therefore result in no impact.
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The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in beneficial water quality impacts once operational and would require mitigation to reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on water quality associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-1, MM-HYD-1, MM-HYD-2, and MM-BIO-15 will be implemented.

Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HYD-1, MM-HYD-2, and MM-BIO-15, impacts to water quality would be less than significant.

Impact HYD-2: Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the Project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin (Less than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not involve the use of groundwater during construction; however, groundwater could be encountered during ground disturbance for construction of the Export Pipeline System. This alternative would require pit excavations for trenchless crossings, and any water encountered during excavations would be placed into a settling tank before being trucked to a nearby sewer main for discharge. Any localized lowering of the groundwater table as a result of excavations and trenchless crossings would be anticipated to recover quickly and would not cause a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the groundwater table. Additionally, this alternative would not introduce impervious surfaces that would impede groundwater recharge because the right of way or other area disturbed during construction would be restored. Impacts on groundwater would be less than significant, and no mitigation would be required. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on groundwater supplies or groundwater recharge.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact HYD-3: Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would:
(a) Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
This alternative would require trenchless crossings under Little Chico Creek and Butte Creek.

Temporary water quality impacts could result from sediment discharge from areas of disturbance and construction near water resources. As discussed in Section 2.5.2 Export Pipeline System, and shown in Figure 2-12 Typical HDD Installation, there would be an approximate 10- by 5- foot launching and receiving pit and additional protected space on either end of the waterbody.

The alternative would comply with mandates set forth in these permits. Potential still exists for construction activities to result in erosion or siltation. Therefore, Impacts would be significant during construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

No impacts would occur during operations because treated wastewater would continue to be discharged to the Sacramento River. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on erosion and siltation after the implementation of mitigation.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on erosion or siltation associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HYD-1 will be implemented.

MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-1, impacts on erosion and siltation would be less than significant.
(b) Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or off-site (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would occur largely within the existing public ROW and below ground; and would only arise to the surface for parcel connections, at pump station locations within the Core and Extended Collection System areas, and at the Chico WPCP Connection. Disturbed areas would be restored to pre-construction conditions once construction is complete. Additional impervious surfaces are not proposed, and runoff conditions would be similar to 741
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existing conditions. There would be no additional runoff to a FEMA floodplain. As discussed, the Town will require that the contractor comply with SWRCB’s CGP, which requires the preparation and implementation of a SWPPP. However, the potential for on- or off-site flooding still exists during construction and impacts would be considered significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan and MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on flooding associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HYD-1 and MM-HYD-3 will be implemented.

Significance after mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-1 and MM-HYD-3, impacts on flooding on- or off-site would be less than significant. (c) Create or contribute runoff water that would exceed the capacity of existing or planned storm water drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) As discussed in Impact HYD-3 (b), the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not increase the amount of surface water runoff in the study area. The alternative would not introduce new impervious surfaces because the ROW or other area disturbed during construction would be restored.

Polluted runoff during construction would be controlled through the implementation of a Construction SWPPP. Compliance with the CGP and Small MS4 Permit would help prevent runoff from nearby existing drainage systems. However, the potential for polluted runoff still exists during construction.

Impacts would therefore be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan and MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction Similar to the analysis for the Proposed Project, no impacts would occur during operations, and treated wastewater would continue to be discharged to the Sacramento River in accordance with NPDES permitting.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment 742
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would result in less-than-significant impacts on runoff water and polluted runoff after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on polluted runoff associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HYD-1 and MM-HYD-3 will be implemented.

Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-1 and MM-HYD-3 , impacts on polluted runoff would be less than significant.
(d) Impede or redirect flood flows (Less than Significant Impact) No impacts would occur during operations because treated wastewater would continue to be discharged to the Sacramento River. The Export Pipeline System would require work near waterbodies; however, construction would not occur within any waterbodies. Levees traverse the study area along Little Chico Creek, which is locally operated and maintained, and Butte Creek Diversion Channel, which is a federal levee. The alternative would involve trenchless crossings using HDD methods at Butte Creek and Little Chico Creek at depths of at least 20 feet below the creek bed. Waters within Butte Creek and Little Chico Creek would therefore not be redirected or impeded. Additionally, compliance with applicable permits, impacts from impeding or redirecting flood flows would be less than significant, and no mitigation would be required. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on impeding and redirecting flows.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact HYD-4: In flood hazard zones, risk release of pollutants due to Project inundation (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Most of the Crouch Avenue Alternative is located in a minimal flood hazard zone. Portions of the study area are also located within Moderate Flood Hazard Areas and Special Flood Hazard Areas (FEMA 2020, Butte County 2021e). Levees traverse the study area along Little Chico Creek, which is locally operated and maintained, and Butte Creek Diversion Channel, which is a federal levee. The alternative would comply with Section 408 permitting requirements and would be designed in accordance with USACE standards. Impacts on the Butte Creek Diversion Channel would be avoided under this alternative. However, because there is a possibility that the study area could experience flooding, this impact would be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction. 743
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No impacts would occur during operations because treated wastewater would continue to be discharged to the Sacramento River. Therefore, impacts would be considered less than significant, and no mitigation is required. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment because both the Proposed Project and the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in less-than-significant impacts from being located within a flood zone after mitigation is incorporated.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts from the release of pollutants due to Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative inundation to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HYD-3 will be implemented.

MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-3, impacts from the release of pollutants due to Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative inundation would be less than significant.

Impact HYD-5: Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
As discussed under Impact HYD-1, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would improve surface water and groundwater quality in the study area by implementing an improved sewer system connecting to the Chico WPCP. The alternative would align with the California Water Board’s Strategic Plan Summary to increase water supplies and improve groundwater quality. Consistent with the Proposed Project, implementation of a Construction SWPPP and compliance with permitting requirements would protect water quality during construction.

The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not include the use of groundwater. As discussed under the Proposed Project, construction of the Export Pipeline System would not result in permanent reductions in groundwater levels adjacent to construction areas. Therefore, there would be no impact on a sustainable groundwater management plan or ordinance. However, there is potential that water quality impacts could occur during construction. Impacts would therefore be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level during construction.

As discussed under Impact HYD-1, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would add an additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater to be treated at Chico WPCP and discharged to the Sacramento River through a submerged outfall diffuser regulated in accordance with NPDES Permit No. CA0079081 (Order No. R5-2016-0023). The additional 0.5 mgd of wastewater is within the permitted allowance. As such, there would be no impact on the Water Quality Control Plan for the Central Valley Region.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less than significant impacts on a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management 744
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plan with mitigation incorporated, and groundwater and surface water quality would improve once operational.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan associated with construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HYD-1 will be implemented.

5.5.9.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-9 summarizes the hydrology and water quality impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.

Table 5.5-9. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Hydrology and Water Quality Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact HYD-1: Violate any water quality
standards or waste discharge requirements or
otherwise substantially degrade surface or
ground water quality
S/M SU (+) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact HYD-2: Substantially decrease
groundwater supplies or interfere substantially
with groundwater recharge such that the
Project may impede sustainable groundwater
management of the basin
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact HYD-3 (a): Substantially alter the
existing drainage pattern of the site or area,
including through the alteration of the course of
a stream or river or through the addition of
impervious surfaces, in a manner which would
result in substantial erosion or siltation on or
off-site
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact HYD-3 (b): Substantially alter the
existing drainage pattern of the site or area,
including through the alteration of the course of
a stream or river or through the addition of
impervious surfaces, in a manner which would
substantially increase the rate or amount of
surface runoff in a manner which would result
in flooding on- or off-site
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact HYD-3 (c): Substantially alter the
existing drainage pattern of the site or area,
including through the alteration of the course of
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
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Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
a stream or river or through the addition of
impervious surfaces, in a manner which would
create or contribute runoff water that would
exceed the capacity of existing or planned
storm water drainage systems or provide
substantial additional sources of polluted runoff
Impact HYD-3 (d): Substantially alter the
existing drainage pattern of the site or area,
including through the alteration of the course of
a stream or river or through the addition of
impervious surfaces, in a manner which would
impede or redirect flood flows
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact HYD-4: In flood hazard zones, risk
release of pollutants due to Project inundation S/M SU (+) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact HYD-5: Conflict with or obstruct
implementation of a water quality control plan
or sustainable groundwater management plan
S/M SU (+) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.10 Land Use and Planning

5.5.10.1 No Project Alternative
Impact LU-1: Physically divide an established community (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, there would be no new construction and no division of established communities; therefore, there would be no impact on land use. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would divide an established community.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact LU-2: Cause any significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, all land use designation would remain the same, and there would be no impact on any existing land use conditions. There would be no conflict with land use plan, policy, or regulation. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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5.5.10.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact LU-1: Physically divide an established community (No Impact) According to the Town of Paradise 2022-2030 Housing Element Update, a Sewer Service Overlay zone was established to allow increased densities up to 30 dwelling units per acre in the sewer service area (Town of Paradise 2022a). The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative is consistent with the goals and policies in the Town of Paradise 2022-2030 Housing Element Update as it would serve most businesses in the Town of Paradise and provide for future development of more multi-family residences, which is currently limited because of septic system constraints. Further, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative assists the Town in meeting the goals presented in the Town of Paradise 2022–2030 Housing Element Update as it provides the sewage capacity for the increase in densities per acre to occur.

The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would occur within the same designated sewer service area and provide the same connection to the Chico WPCP as the Proposed Project. All construction and construction methodology would also be the same as the Proposed Project in that the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would primarily be constructed below the surface within the public ROW and would only arise to the surface for parcel connections, at pump station locations within the Core and Extended Collection System areas, and at the Chico WPCP Connection. All exposed ground would be restored back to existing conditions. Under this alternative, the export pipeline would traverse private property and require a permanent easement from the property owners. Above ground structures including pump stations, the transition chamber and the flow control and metering structure would also be in the public ROW and would not segment or divide an established community.

Therefore, there would be no physical division of an established community, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would divide an established community.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact LU-2: Cause any significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect (No Impact)
The Town of Paradise will be updating its General Plan in response to the 2018 Camp Fire, and will include updates to its land use, circulation, conservation, noise, open space, and air quality elements.

This is anticipated to be a minimum 3-year process (S. Hartman, personal communication, November 19, 2021). The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative is also consistent with the goals and policies planned to be included in the Town of Paradise General Plan updates (S. Hartman, personal communication, November 19, 2021). Table 3.11-1 in Section 3.11, Land Use and Planning, provides a consistency analysis of applicable land use goals, policies, or regulations adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating environmental effects. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation. Therefore, there would be no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project 747
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because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.10.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact LU-1: Physically divide an established community (No Impact) According to the Town of Paradise 2022-2030 Housing Element Update, a Sewer Service Overlay zone was established to allow increased densities up to 30 dwelling units per acre in the sewer service area (Town of Paradise 2022a). The Crouch Avenue Alternative is consistent with the goals and policies in the Town of Paradise 2022-2030 Housing Element Update as it would serve most businesses in the Town of Paradise and provide for future development of more multi-family residences, which is currently limited because of septic system constraints. Further, the Crouch Avenue Alternative assists the Town in meeting the goals presented in the Town of Paradise 2022–2030 Housing Element Update as it provides the sewage capacity for the increase in densities per acre to occur.

The Crouch Avenue Alternative would occur within the same designated sewer service area and provide the same connection to the Chico WPCP as the Proposed Project. All construction and construction methodology would also be the same as the Proposed Project in that the Crouch Avenue Alternative would primarily be constructed below the surface within the public ROW and would only arise to the surface for parcel connections, at pump station locations within the Core and Extended Collection System areas, and at the Chico WPCP Connection. All exposed ground would be restored back to existing conditions. The export pipeline alignment under this alternative would involve a trenchless crossing at Little Chico Creek, below ground, which would not cause any physical disruption on the existing land or land uses.

Therefore, there would be no physical division of an established community, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would divide an established community.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact LU-2: Cause any significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect (No Impact)
The Town of Paradise will be updating its General Plan in response to the 2018 Camp Fire, and will include updates to its land use, circulation, conservation, noise, open space, and air quality elements.

This is anticipated to be a minimum 3-year process (S. Hartman, personal communication, November 19, 2021). The Crouch Avenue Alternative is also consistent with the goals and policies planned to be included in the Town of Paradise General Plan updates (S. Hartman, personal communication, November 19, 2021). Table 3.11-1 in Section 3.11, Land Use and Planning, provides a consistency analysis of applicable land use goals, policies, or regulations adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating environmental effects. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation. Therefore, there 748
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would be no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.10.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact LU-1: Physically divide an established community (No Impact) According to the Town of Paradise 2022-2030 Housing Element Update, a Sewer Service Overlay zone was established to allow increased densities up to 30 dwelling units per acre in the sewer service area (Town of Paradise 2022a). The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative is consistent with the goals and policies in the Town of Paradise 2022-2030 Housing Element Update as it would serve most businesses in the Town of Paradise and provide for future development of more multi-family residences, which is currently limited because of septic system constraints. Further, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative assists the Town in meeting the goals presented in the Town of Paradise 2022–2030 Housing Element Update as it provides the sewage capacity for the increase in densities per acre to occur.

The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would occur within the same designated sewer service area and provide the same connection to the Chico WPCP as the Proposed Project. All construction and construction methodology would also be the same as the Proposed Project in that the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would primarily be constructed below the surface within the public ROW and would only arise to the surface for parcel connections, at pump station locations within the Core and Extended Collection System areas, and at the Chico WPCP Connection.

All exposed ground would be restored back to existing conditions. Under this alternative, the export pipeline would traverse private property and require a permanent easement from the property owners.

The export pipeline alignment under this alternative would also involve trenchless crossings at Little Chico Creek and Butte Creek, below ground, which would not cause any physical disruption on the existing land or land uses.

Therefore, there would be no physical division of an established community, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project alignment would divide an established community.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact LU-2: Cause any significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect (No Impact)
The Town of Paradise will be updating its General Plan in response to the 2018 Camp Fire, and will include updates to its land use, circulation, conservation, noise, open space, and air quality elements.

This is anticipated to be a minimum 3-year process (S. Hartman, personal communication, November 19, 2021). The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative is also consistent with the goals 749
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and policies planned to be included in the Town of Paradise General Plan updates (S. Hartman, personal communication, November 19, 2021). Table 3.11-1 in Section 3.11, Land Use and Planning, provides a consistency analysis of applicable land use goals, policies, or regulations adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating environmental effects. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation. Therefore, there would be no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.10.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-10 summarizes the land use and planning impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.

Table 5.5-10. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Land Use and Planning Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Impact LU-1: Physically divide an
established community NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact LU-2: Cause any significant
environmental impact due to a conflict with
any land use plan, policy, or regulation
adopted for the purpose of avoiding or
mitigating an environmental effect
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.11 Noise and Groundborne Vibration

5.5.11.1 No Project Alternative
Impact NSE-1: Generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the Project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or in applicable standards of other agencies (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same. No construction would occur; therefore, no noise would be generated. The No Project Alternative would not result in a temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels near the Project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or in applicable standards of other agencies.

As a result, no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would generate a temporary increase in ambient noise, resulting in lessthan-significant impacts with mitigation incorporated. 750
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Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact NSE-2: Generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same. No construction would occur; therefore, no groundborne vibration would be generated. The No Project Alternative would not generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would temporarily generate groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels during construction, resulting in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.11.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact NSE-1: Generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the Project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or in applicable standards of other agencies (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.12, Noise and Groundborne Vibration. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would generate noise during construction.

During construction, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would require use of heavy construction equipment that generate noise levels of up to 85 dBA at 50 feet from the equipment. The closest sensitive receptors to the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative are residential dwelling units along Entler Avenue, located approximately 50 feet away. Thus, the nearest sensitive receptors to this alternative would be exposed to noise levels of up to 85 dBA from construction equipment. Noise levels from the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would temporarily exceed the daytime noise limits within the applicable jurisdictions during construction, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-NSE-1:

Minimize Construction Noise), which would reduce impacts on noise levels during construction to less than significant. Noise levels during operation and maintenance activities would be minimal and 751
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immeasurable due to the infrequency of these activities. Therefore, no impacts on noise would occur during operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because sensitive receptors are located at the same distance (50 feet) from both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment. Therefore, both the Proposed Project and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated on this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant noise impacts during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-NSE-1 will be implemented.

MM-NSE-1: Minimize Construction Noise (see Section 3.12, Noise and Groundborne Vibration, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-NSE-1, noise impacts during construction would be less than significant.

Impact NSE-2: Generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.12, Noise and Groundborne Vibration. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would generate groundborne vibration during construction. The closest sensitive receptors to the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative are residential dwelling units along Entler Avenue, located approximately 50 feet away. Similar to the Proposed Project, the highest reference PPV at 25 feet from construction equipment for this alternative would be 0.21 in/sec. Construction vibration related to building damage is assessed using the following equation: PPVEquipment = PPVRef (25/D)1.5. At 50 feet, construction vibration levels from the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be 0.07 in/sec. This level is much lower than the 0.12 in/sec threshold for buildings extremely susceptible to vibration damage. Similar to the Proposed Project, the highest reference LV at 25 feet from construction equipment for this alternative would be 94 VdB. Annoyance or interference associated with vibration-sensitive activities is assessed using the following equation:

LV,distance = LV,reference – 30 log (D/25). At 50 feet, the groundborne vibration level from the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be 85 VdB. This level exceeds the daytime annoyance threshold of 78 VdB for residential uses, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-NSE-1: Minimize Construction Noise), which would reduce impacts related to groundborne vibration during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance activities do not include the use of vibration-generating equipment. Therefore, no impacts on groundborne vibration would occur during operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because sensitive receptors are located at the same distance (50 feet) from both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment.
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Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant groundborne vibration impacts during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-NSE-1 will be implemented.

MM-NSE-1: Minimize Construction Noise (see Section 3.12, Noise and Groundborne Vibration, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-NSE-1, groundborne vibration impacts during construction would be less than significant.

The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment is located within 2 miles of a private airport, resulting in a less than significant impact.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.11.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact NSE-1: Generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the Project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or in applicable standards of other agencies (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.12, Noise and Groundborne Vibration. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate noise during construction. During construction, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would require use of heavy construction equipment that generate noise levels of up to 85 dBA at 50 feet from the equipment. The closest sensitive receptors to the Crouch Avenue Alternative are residential dwelling units along Crouch Avenue, located approximately 60 feet away. Construction equipment noise levels decrease by approximately 6 dBA per doubling of distance from the source. Thus, the nearest sensitive receptors to this alternative would be exposed to noise levels of up to 83 dBA from construction equipment. Noise levels from the Crouch Avenue Alternative would temporarily exceed the daytime noise limits within the applicable jurisdictions during construction, resulting in a significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-NSE-1: Minimize Construction Noise), which would reduce impacts on noise levels during construction to less than significant. Noise levels during operation and maintenance activities would be minimal and immeasurable due to the 753
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infrequency of these activities. Therefore, no impacts on noise would occur during operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant noise impacts during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-NSE-1 will be implemented.

Impact NSE-2: Generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.12, Noise and Groundborne Vibration. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate groundborne vibration during construction. The closest sensitive receptors to the Crouch Avenue Alternative are residential dwelling units along Crouch Avenue, located approximately 60 feet away. Similar to the Proposed Project, the highest reference PPV at 25 feet from construction equipment for this alternative would be 0.21 in/sec.

Construction vibration related to building damage is assessed using the following equation: PPVEquipment = PPVRef (25/D)1.5. At 60 feet, the construction vibration levels from the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be 0.06 in/sec. This level is much lower than the 0.12 in/sec threshold for buildings extremely susceptible to vibration damage. Similar to the Proposed Project, the highest reference LV at 25 feet from construction equipment for this alternative would be 94 VdB. Annoyance or interference with vibration-sensitive activities is assessed using the following equation: LV,distance = LV,reference – 30 log (D/25). At 60 feet, the groundborne vibration level from the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be 83 VdB. This level exceeds the daytime annoyance threshold of 78 VdB for residential uses, resulting in a significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-NSE-1: Minimize Construction Noise), which would reduce impacts related to groundborne vibration during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance activities do not include the use of vibration-generating equipment. Therefore, no impacts on groundborne vibration would occur during operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project, except that sensitive receptors are located father away from the Crouch Avenue Alternative (60 feet) compared to the Proposed Project (50 feet). Therefore, impacts would be considered slightly lesser under the Crouch Avenue Alternative when compared to the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment under this criterion. 754
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Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant groundborne vibration impacts during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-NSE-1 will be implemented.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project, except that the Crouch Avenue Alternative is located within 1 mile of the Ranchaero Airport and the Proposed Project is located within

1.5 mile of the Ranchaero Airport. Both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and Proposed Project are located within the low noise impact zone for the airport. Therefore, impacts would be considered slightly greater under the Crouch Avenue Alternative when compared to the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.11.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact NSE-1: Generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the Project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or in applicable standards of other agencies (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.12, Noise and Groundborne Vibration. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate noise during construction. During construction, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would require use of heavy construction equipment that generate noise levels of up to 85 dBA at 50 feet from the equipment. The closest sensitive receptors to the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative are residential dwelling units along Entler Avenue, located approximately 50 feet away. Thus, the nearest sensitive receptors to this alternative would be exposed to noise levels of up to 85 dBA from construction equipment. Noise levels from the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would temporarily exceed the daytime noise limits within the applicable jurisdictions 755
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during construction, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-NSE-1:

Minimize Construction Noise), which would reduce impacts on noise levels during construction to less than significant. Noise levels during operation and maintenance activities would be minimal and immeasurable due to the infrequency of these activities. Therefore, no impacts on noise would occur during operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because sensitive receptors are located at the same distance (50 feet) from both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project alignment. Therefore, both the Proposed Project and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated on this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant noise impacts during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-NSE-1 will be implemented.

Impact NSE-2: Generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.12, Noise and Groundborne Vibration. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate groundborne vibration during construction. The closest sensitive receptors to the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative are residential dwelling units along Entler Avenue, located approximately 50 feet away. Similar to the Proposed Project, the highest reference PPV at 25 feet from construction equipment for this alternative would be 0.21 in/sec. Construction vibration related to building damage is assessed using the following equation: PPVEquipment = PPVRef (25/D)1.5. At 50 feet, construction vibration levels from the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be

0.07 in/sec. This level is much lower than the 0.12 in/sec threshold for buildings extremely susceptible to vibration damage. Similar to the Proposed Project, the highest reference LV at 25 feet from construction equipment for this alternative would be 94 VdB. Annoyance or interference associated with vibration-sensitive activities is assessed using the following equation: LV,distance = LV,reference – 30 log (D/25). At 50 feet, the groundborne vibration level from the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be 85 VdB. This level exceeds the daytime annoyance threshold of 78 VdB for residential uses, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-NSE-1:

Minimize Construction Noise), which would reduce impacts related to groundborne vibration during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance activities do not include the use of 756
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vibration-generating equipment. Therefore, no impacts on groundborne vibration would occur during operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant groundborne vibration impacts during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-NSE-1 will be implemented.

MM-NSE-1: Minimize Construction Noise (see Section 3.12, Noise and Groundborne Vibration, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-NSE-1, groundborne vibration impacts during construction would be less than significant.

Impact NSE-3: Be located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land-use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within 2 miles of a public airport or public-use airport, expose people residing or working in the Project area to excessive noise levels (Less than Significant)
The nearest airport to the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative is the privately owned Ranchaero Airport, which is located approximately 1 mile away. However, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative is located within the low noise impact zone for Ranchaero Airport (Butte County Airport Land Use Commission 2017). Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in less than significant impacts from being located in the vicinity of an airport
The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project, except that the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative is located within 1 mile of the Ranchaero Airport and the Proposed Project is located within 1.5 mile of the Ranchaero Airport. Both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and Proposed Project are located within the low noise impact zone for the airport. Therefore, impacts would be considered slightly greater under the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative when compared to the Proposed Project alignment.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.11.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-11 summarizes the noise and groundborne vibration impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.
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Table 5.5-11. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Noise and Groundborne Vibration Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Impact NSE-1: Generate a substantial
temporary or permanent increase in
ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the
Project in excess of standards established
in the local general plan or noise
ordinance, or in applicable standards of
other agencies
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (-) S/M (=)
Impact NSE-2: Generate excessive
groundborne vibration or groundborne
noise levels
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (-) S/M (=)
Impact NSE-3: Be located within the
vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport
land-use plan or, where such a plan has
not been adopted, within 2 miles of a
public airport or public-use airport, expose
people residing or working in the Project
area to excessive noise levels
LTS NI (-) NI (-) LTS (+) LTS (+)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.12 Population and Housing

5.5.12.1 No Project Alternative
Impact POP-1: Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (e.g., by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (e.g., through extension of roads or other infrastructure) (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, the Town would not make a regional connection to the Chico WPCP and would continue to rely on existing wastewater management. All population and housing trends and characteristics would remain the same as existing conditions. Paradise population and housing would continue to recover from the 2018 Camp Fire. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would have no impact on population growth in the area. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in less-than-significant impacts on population growth.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact POP-2: Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, the Town would not make a regional connection to the Chico WPCP and would continue to rely on existing wastewater management. All population and housing trends and 758
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characteristics would remain the same as existing conditions. The Paradise population and housing would continue to recover from the 2018 Camp Fire. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would have no impact on housing. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would displace people or housing.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.12.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact POP-1: Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (e.g., by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (e.g., through extension of roads or other infrastructure) (Less than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis in Section 3.13, Population and Housing, all construction jobs associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be temporary and construction workers could be drawn from the existing workforce within the county rather than relocating to the study area.

However, it is likely that some would be migrant workers from outside of the County that follow construction jobs from location to location, and there may be others that relocate to the Town for the work and decide to stay. Workers that become permanent residents would be part of the Town’s population recovery. Consequently, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not result in substantial or unplanned population growth and would not necessitate the construction of new roads, additional housing or business services that would be inconsistent with regrowth planned and presented in the Town of Paradise 2022-2030 Housing Element Update (Town of Paradise 2022a) and Town of Paradise General Plan (Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants 2008). Therefore, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not induce substantial unplanned population growth in the study area, resulting in a less-than-significant impact.

Similar to the Proposed Project, about 5-10 permanent employees would be required to the serve the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative. The increase in permanent employees would be minimal because they may be re-assigned from existing staff within the Town or may be additional new staff. The minimal increase in permanent jobs would not result in substantial or unplanned population growth and would not necessitate the construction of additional housing or business services beyond planned regrowth.

Although implementation of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would foster population growth, it is primarily regrowth that would be expected as part of the historic population levels in the Paradise area.

Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not induce substantial unplanned population growth in the study area, resulting in a less-than-significant impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on population growth.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact POP-2: Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere (No Impact) The Entler Avenue Hybrid Avenue Alternative would not acquire or take any residential-zoned land in the area. While some of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be conducted on private parcels, 759
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work would primarily be done within public ROW, which would not cause displacement of existing residents or housing. Work that would occur on private parcels, including connecting properties to the new sewer system or installing the Export Pipeline System would be completed under easements and would not displace existing housing. Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not displace a substantial number of existing people or housing, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would displace people or housing.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.12.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact POP-1: Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (e.g., by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (e.g., through extension of roads or other infrastructure) (Less than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis in Section 3.13, Population and Housing, all construction jobs associated with the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be temporary and construction workers could be drawn from the existing workforce within the county. However, it is likely that some would be migrant workers from outside of the County that follow construction jobs from location to location, and there may be others that relocate to the Town for the work and decide to stay. Workers that become permanent residents would be part of the Town’s population recovery. Consequently, construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in substantial or unplanned population growth and would not necessitate the construction of new roads, additional housing or business services that would be inconsistent with regrowth planned and presented in the Town of Paradise 2022-2030 Housing Element Update (Town of Paradise 2022a) and Town of Paradise General Plan (Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants 2008). Therefore, construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not induce substantial unplanned population growth in the study area, resulting in a less-than-significant impact.

Similar to the Proposed Project, about 5-10 permanent employees would be required to the serve the Crouch Avenue Alternative. The increase in permanent employees would be minimal because they may be re-assigned from existing staff within the Town or may be additional new staff. Therefore, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not induce substantial unplanned population growth in the study area, resulting in a less-than-significant impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on population growth.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact POP-2: Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere (No Impact) The Crouch Avenue Alternative would not acquire or take any residential-zoned land in the area. While some of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be conducted on private parcels, work would be primarily be done within public ROW, which would not cause displacement of existing residents or housing.

Work that would occur on private parcels, including connecting properties to the new sewer system or installing the Export Pipeline System would be completed under easements and would not displace 760
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existing housing. Therefore, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not displace a substantial number of existing people or housing, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would displace people or housing.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.12.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact POP-1: Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (e.g., by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (e.g., through extension of roads or other infrastructure (Less Than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis in Section 3.13, Population and Housing, all construction jobs associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be temporary and construction workers could be drawn from the existing workforce within the county. However, it is likely that some would be migrant workers from outside of the County that follow construction jobs from location to location, and there may be others that relocate to the Town for the work and decide to stay.

Workers that become permanent residents would be part of the Town’s population recovery.

Consequently, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in substantial or unplanned population growth and would not necessitate the construction of new roads, additional housing or business services that would be inconsistent with regrowth planned and presented in the Town of Paradise 2022-2030 Housing Element Update (Town of Paradise 2022a) and Town of Paradise General Plan (Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants 2008). Therefore, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not induce substantial unplanned population growth in the study area, resulting in a less-than-significant impact.

Similar to the Proposed Project, about 5 to 10 permanent employees would be required to the serve the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. The increase in permanent employees would be minimal because they may be re-assigned from existing staff within the Town or may be additional new staff. Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not induce substantial unplanned population growth in the study area, resulting in a less-than-significant impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler alignment would result in less-thansignificant impacts on population growth.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact POP-2: Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere (No Impact) The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not acquire or take any residentialzoned land in the area. While some of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be conducted on private parcels, work would primarily be done within public ROW, which would not cause displacement of existing residents or housing. Work that would occur on private parcels, including connecting properties to the new sewer system or installing the Export Pipeline System would be completed under easements and would not displace existing housing. Therefore, the Entler Avenue 761
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Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not displace a substantial number of existing people or housing, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler alignment would displace people or housing.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.12.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-12 summarizes the population and housing impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.

Table 5.5-12. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Population and Housing Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Impact POP-1: Induce substantial
unplanned population growth in an area,
either directly (e.g., by proposing new
homes and businesses) or indirectly (e.g.,
through extension of roads or other
infrastructure
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact POP-2: Displace substantial
numbers of existing people or housing,
necessitating the construction of
replacement housing elsewhere
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.13 Public Services

5.5.13.1 No Project Alternative
Impact PS-1: Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the following public services:
(a) Fire Protection (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no construction is proposed. Therefore, there would be no impact from an increased demand for fire protection services.

The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not impact fire protection services, while the Proposed Project would result in less-thansignificant impacts with mitigation incorporated. 762
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Mitigation. No mitigation required.
(b) Police Protection (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no construction is proposed. Therefore, there would be no impact from an increased demand for police protection services. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not impact police protection services, while the Proposed Project would result in lessthan-significant impacts with mitigation incorporated.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
(c) Schools (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no construction is proposed. Therefore, there would be no impact from an increased demand for schools. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not impact schools, while the Proposed Project would result in less-than-significant impacts with mitigation incorporated.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
(d) Other Public Facilities (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no construction is proposed. Therefore, there would be no impact from an increased demand for other public facilities.

The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not impact other public facilities, while the Proposed Project would result in less-than-significant impacts with mitigation incorporated.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.13.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact PS-1: Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the following public services:
(a) Fire Protection (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, construction workers for the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would likely be drawn from the existing workforce within Butte County rather than relocating to the study area. The increase in employment during construction of this alternative would be temporary and would not result in an increased demand for fire protection services. No fire stations would be directly impacted during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative. However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local 763
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roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the fire stations within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for fire protection services. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for fire protection services. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually result in an increased need for fire protection services. However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would have a less-than-significant impact on fire protection services.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction of the Enter Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the police stations within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for police protection services. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for police protection services. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually 764
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result in an increased need for police protection services. However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would have a less-than-significant impact on police protection services.

MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-6, impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction would be less than significant. (c) Schools (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, construction workers for the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would likely be drawn from the existing workforce within Butte County rather than relocating to the study area. The increase in employment during construction of this alternative would be temporary and would not result in an increased demand for schools. No schools would be directly impacted during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative. However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the schools within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for schools. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for schools. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually result in an increased need for schools. However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would have a less-than-significant impact on schools.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Enter Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a less-thansignificant impact with mitigation incorporated on schools. 765
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Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction of the Enter Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-6, impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction would be less than significant. (d) Other Public Facilities (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, construction workers for the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would likely be drawn from the existing workforce within Butte County rather than relocating to the study area. The increase in employment during construction of this alternative would be temporary and would not result in an increased demand for other public facilities. Other public facilities, such as libraries, would not be directly impacted during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative. However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the other public facilities, such as libraries, within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for other public facilities. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for other public facilities.

Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually result in an increased need for other public facilities.

However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would have a less-than-significant impact on other public facilities.

5.5.13.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact PS-1: Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the following public services:
(a) Fire Protection (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, construction workers for the Crouch Avenue Alternative would likely be drawn from the existing workforce within Butte County rather than relocating to the study area. The increase in employment during construction of this alternative would be temporary and would not result in an increased demand for fire protection services. No fire stations would be directly impacted during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative. However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the fire stations within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for fire protection services. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for fire protection services. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually result in an increased need for fire protection services. However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would have a less-than-significant impact on fire protection services.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MMHAZ-6 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-6, impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction would be less than significant. 767
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(b) Police Protection (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, construction workers for the Crouch Avenue Alternative would likely be drawn from the existing workforce within Butte County rather than relocating to the study area. The increase in employment during construction of this alternative would be temporary and would not result in an increased demand for police protection services. No police stations would be directly impacted during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative. However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the police stations within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for police protection services. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for police protection services. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually result in an increased need for police protection services. However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would have a less-than-significant impact on police protection services.

MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-6, impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction would be less than significant. (c) Schools (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, construction workers for the Crouch Avenue Alternative would likely be drawn from the existing workforce within Butte County rather than relocating to the study area. The increase in employment during construction of this alternative would be temporary and would not result in an increased demand for schools. No schools would be directly impacted during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative. However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed 768
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Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the schools within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for schools. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for schools. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually result in an increased need for schools. However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would have a less-than-significant impact on schools.

MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-6, impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction would be less than significant. (d) Other Public Facilities (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, construction workers for the Crouch Avenue Alternative would likely be drawn from the existing workforce within Butte County rather than relocating to the study area. The increase in employment during construction of this alternative would be temporary and would not result in an increased demand for other public facilities. Other public facilities, such as libraries, would not be directly impacted during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative. However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the other public facilities, such as libraries, within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for other public facilities. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for other public facilities. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually result in an increased need for other public facilities. However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise. Therefore, operation 769
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and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would have a less-than-significant impact on other public facilities.

5.5.13.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact PS-1: Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the following public services:
(a) Fire Protection (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, construction workers for the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would likely be drawn from the existing workforce within Butte County rather than relocating to the study area. The increase in employment during construction of this alternative would be temporary and would not result in an increased demand for fire protection services. No fire stations would be directly impacted during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the fire stations within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for fire protection services. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for fire protection services. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually result in an increased need for fire protection services. However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise. Therefore, operation 770
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and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would have a less-thansignificant impact on fire protection services.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-6, impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction would be less than significant. (b) Police Protection (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, construction workers for the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would likely be drawn from the existing workforce within Butte County rather than relocating to the study area. The increase in employment during construction of this alternative would be temporary and would not result in an increased demand for police protection services. No police stations would be directly impacted during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the police stations within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for police protection services. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for police protection services. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually result in an increased need for police protection services. However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would have a less-thansignificant impact on police protection services.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project alignment would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated on police protection services. 771
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Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the schools within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for schools. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for schools. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually result in an increased need for schools. However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise.

Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would have a less-than-significant impact on schools.

MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-6, impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction would be less than significant. 772
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(d) Other Public Facilities (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, construction workers for the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would likely be drawn from the existing workforce within Butte County rather than relocating to the study area. The increase in employment during construction of this alternative would be temporary and would not result in an increased demand for other public facilities. Other public facilities, such as libraries, would not be directly impacted during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. However, indirect impacts may occur related to emergency vehicle access that may be impeded during construction due to nearby temporary lane closures and movement of construction equipment on local roads, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency vehicle access during construction to less than significant. During operation and maintenance, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not result in any permanent impacts to the other public facilities, such as libraries, within the study area. No home or businesses are proposed that could result in an increased demand for other public facilities. The new employees required during operation and maintenance of this alternative would be minimal and would not result in an increased demand for other public facilities. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative may induce population within Paradise town limits, which could eventually result in an increased need for other public facilities. However, any population inducement would be regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels and would be contained within Paradise. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would have a less-than-significant impact on other public facilities.

5.5.13.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-13 summarizes the public services impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.
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Table 5.5-13. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Public Services Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact PS-1(a): Result in substantial
adverse physical impacts associated with
the provision of new or physically altered
governmental facilities, need for new or
physically altered governmental facilities,
the construction of which could cause
significant environmental impacts, in order
to maintain acceptable service ratios,
response times or other performance
objectives for any of the following public
services: Fire Protection
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact PS-1(b): Result in substantial
adverse physical impacts associated with
the provision of new or physically altered
governmental facilities, need for new or
physically altered governmental facilities,
the construction of which could cause
significant environmental impacts, in order
to maintain acceptable service ratios,
response times or other performance
objectives for any of the following public
services: Police Protection
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact PS-1(c): Result in substantial
adverse physical impacts associated with
the provision of new or physically altered
governmental facilities, need for new or
physically altered governmental facilities,
the construction of which could cause
significant environmental impacts, in order
to maintain acceptable service ratios,
response times or other performance
objectives for any of the following public
services: Schools
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact PS-1(d): Result in substantial
adverse physical impacts associated with
the provision of new or physically altered
governmental facilities, need for new or
physically altered governmental facilities,
the construction of which could cause
significant environmental impacts, in order
to maintain acceptable service ratios,
response times or other performance
objectives for any of the following public
services: Other Public Facilities
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project 774
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5.5.14 Recreation

5.5.14.1 No Project Alternative
Impact REC-1: Increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no construction is proposed. Therefore, there would be no impact from an increase in the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the No Project Alternative would not increase the use of parks and recreational facilities, while the Proposed Project would result in less-than-significant impacts.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact REC-2: Include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities, which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment (No Impact)
The No Project Alternative would not include recreational facilities. Additionally, there would be no increase in population or damage to existing recreational facilities that would necessitate the expansion of recreational facilities. Therefore, there would be no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.14.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact REC-1: Increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated (Less than Significant Impact)
Recreational zonings and the Tuscan Ridge Club adjoin the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative. Within the study area there is a bike trail along Midway, and Hegan Lane is also considered a bicycle friendly road. Similar to the Proposed Project, no water-based recreation would be affected by the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and staging areas would not be located within a 2-mile radius of recreational areas.

Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in a less than significant on the increase in use of an existing neighborhood or regional park or other recreational facility. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative because both would result in a less than significant impact on this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact REC-2: Include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities, which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment (Less than Significant Impact)
New recreational facilities are not proposed under the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative, nor would construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative cause construction or expansion of existing recreational facilities where it might have an adverse physical effect on the environment. Operation and maintenance activities associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would have no influence on the use of parks and recreational facilities in the study area. Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, increases in population supported by the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would primarily consist of regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels. However, recreational facilities within the Town were sized to meet the pre-fire demand for services by the Town and would be anticipated to rebuild to previous conditions on par with the returning population. Further, growth beyond pre-fire conditions would be in alignment with the Town of Paradise General Plan assumptions for future growth (Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants 2008). Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in a less than significant on the construction or expansion of recreational facilities. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative because both would result in a less than significant impact on this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.14.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact REC-1: Increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated (Less than Significant Impact)
Recreational zonings and the Tuscan Ridge Club adjoin the Crouch Avenue Alternative. Within the study area there is a bike trail along Midway, and Hegan Lane is also considered a bicycle friendly road. Similar to the Proposed Project, no water-based recreation would be affected by the Crouch Avenue Alternative and staging areas would not be located within a 2-mile radius of recreational areas.

Construction would occur primarily within the existing ROW on previously disturbed land. Given that most work would occur in the public ROW, there is potential for bike paths or access to recreation to be 776
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temporarily closed or impeded during construction. Full road closures would not occur except during movement of large equipment; single lane, temporary closures are proposed. Any road and bike path closures would also be temporary. Minor increases in recreational use at other available facilities may occur on a short-term basis, but substantial physical deterioration of these facilities is not expected to occur or be accelerated. Operation and maintenance activities associated with the Crouch Avenue Alternative would have no influence on the use of parks and recreational facilities in the study area.

Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, increases in population supported by the Crouch Avenue Alternative would primarily consist of regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels.

However, recreational facilities within the Town were sized to meet the pre-fire demand for services by the Town and would be anticipated to rebuild to previous conditions on par with the returning population. Further, growth beyond pre-fire conditions would be in alignment with the Town of Paradise General Plan assumptions for future growth (Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants 2008).Therefore, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a less than significant on the increase in use of an existing neighborhood or regional park or other recreational facility. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Crouch Avenue Alternative because both would result in a less than significant impact on this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact REC-2: Include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities, which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment (Less than Significant Impact)
New recreational facilities are not proposed under the Crouch Avenue Alternative, nor would construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative cause construction or expansion of existing recreational facilities where it might have an adverse physical effect on the environment. Operation and maintenance activities associated with the Crouch Avenue Alternative would have no influence on the use of parks and recreational facilities in the study area. Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, increases in population supported by the Crouch Avenue Alternative would primarily consist of regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels. However, recreational facilities within the Town were sized to meet the pre-fire demand for services by the Town and would be anticipated to rebuild to previous conditions on par with the returning population. Further, growth beyond pre-fire conditions would be in alignment with the Town of Paradise General Plan assumptions for future growth (Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants 2008). Therefore, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a less than significant on the construction or expansion of recreational facilities. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Crouch Avenue Alternative because both would result in a less than significant impact on this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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5.5.14.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact REC-1: Increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated (Less than Significant Impact)
Recreational zonings and the Tuscan Ridge Club adjoin the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. Within the study area there is a bike trail along Midway, and Hegan Lane is also considered a bicycle friendly road. Similar to the Proposed Project, no water-based recreation would be affected by the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and staging areas would not be located within a 2-mile radius of recreational areas.

Construction would occur primarily within the existing ROW on previously disturbed land. Given that most work would occur in the public ROW, there is potential for bike paths or access to recreation to be temporarily closed or impeded during construction. Full road closures would not occur except during movement of large equipment; single lane, temporary closures are proposed. Any road and bike path closures would also be temporary. Minor increases in recreational use at other available facilities may occur on a short-term basis, but substantial physical deterioration of these facilities is not expected to occur or be accelerated. Operation and maintenance activities associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would have no influence on the use of parks and recreational facilities in the study area. Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, increases in population supported by the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would primarily consist of regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels. However, recreational facilities within the Town were sized to meet the pre-fire demand for services by the Town and would be anticipated to rebuild to previous conditions on par with the returning population. Further, growth beyond pre-fire conditions would be in alignment with the Town of Paradise General Plan assumptions for future growth (Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants 2008). Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a less than significant on the increase in use of an existing neighborhood or regional park or other recreational facility. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative because both would result in a less than significant impact on this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact REC-2: Include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities, which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment (Less than Significant Impact)
New recreational facilities are not proposed under the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative, nor would construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative cause construction or expansion of existing recreational facilities where it might have an adverse physical effect on the environment. Operation and maintenance activities associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would have no influence on the use of parks and recreational facilities in the study area. Consistent with the Proposed Project analysis, increases in population supported by the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would primarily consist of regrowth and repopulation toward pre-fire levels. However, recreational facilities within the Town were 778
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sized to meet the pre-fire demand for services by the Town and would be anticipated to rebuild to previous conditions on par with the returning population. Further, growth beyond pre-fire conditions would be in alignment with the Town of Paradise General Plan assumptions for future growth (Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants 2008). Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a less than significant on the construction or expansion of recreational facilities. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative because both would result in a less than significant impact on this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.14.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-14 summarizes the recreation impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.

Table 5.5-14. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Recreation Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact REC-1: Increase the use of
existing neighborhood and regional parks
or other recreational facilities such that
substantial physical deterioration of the
facility would occur or be accelerated
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact REC-2: Include recreational
facilities or require the construction or
expansion of recreational facilities, which
might have an adverse physical effect on
the environment
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.15 Transportation

5.5.15.1 No Project Alternative
Impact TRA-1: Conflict with a program plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no construction is proposed Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not conflict with a program plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities. As a result, no impacts would occur. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in a less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated on this criterion.
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Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact TRA-2: Conflict with or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3, subdivision (b) (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no construction is proposed. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not conflict with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3, subdivision (b), and no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in a less-than-significant impact on this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact TRA-3: Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment) (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no construction is proposed. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not increase hazards due to a geometric design feature, and no impact would occur. The level of impact would be the same as that for the proposed Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact TRA-4: Result in inadequate emergency access (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no construction is proposed. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not result in inadequate emergency access, and no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in a less-than-significant impact on this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.15.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact TRA-1: Conflict with a program plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.16, Transportation. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would generate an increase in traffic volumes on roadway segments during construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would generate vehicle trip volumes similar to those listed in Table 3.16-4, 2026 No Construction and Construction Traffic Volumes.

However, the additional construction trips would be minimal compared to the typical volume and would not cause a degradation of LOS. As a result, the roadway segments would operate at an acceptable LOS with addition of construction traffic associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.

Construction of this alternative within or across streets would require temporary lane closures, which 780
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could obstruct access and cause delays for pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit buses. Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts on pedestrian, bicycle, and transit facilities during construction to less than significant. Relative to existing traffic volumes on roadways in the study area, the addition of traffic associated with operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not affect roadway operations. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated on this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on pedestrian, bicycle, and transit facilities during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-6, impacts on pedestrian, bicycle, and transit facilities during construction would be less than significant.

Impact TRA-2: Conflict with or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3, subdivision (b) (Less than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would cause a temporary increase in VMT during construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would generate VMT similar to those listed in Table 3.16-5, Butte County VMT. The percentage increase in VMT due to construction trips associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be 2.3 percent of Butte County’s VMT. While the construction traffic would cause an increase in VMT, this increase would be temporary and short-term. Operation and maintenance activities would not cause a long-term increase in VMT in the study area due to the infrequency of these activities Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not conflict with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b), resulting in a less-than-significant impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b).

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact TRA-3: Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment) (No Impact) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not change geometric design features or require incompatible uses. All street legal trucks and vehicles would use the existing roadways to access the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative area. Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not increase hazards due to a geometric design feature or incompatible uses, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the 781
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Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would increase traffic hazards.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact TRA-4: Result in inadequate emergency access (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would require temporary closure of traffic lanes on public roadways. Construction traffic associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative could interfere with emergency response to the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative area or evacuation procedures in the event of an emergency. Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative could result in inadequate emergency access, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency access during construction to less than significant. The increase in vehicle trips during operation and maintenance activities associated with this alternative would be minimal and immeasurable due to the infrequency of these activities, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated under this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts related to emergency access during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-6, impacts related to emergency access during construction would be less than significant.

5.5.15.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact TRA-1: Conflict with a program plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.16, Transportation. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate an increase in traffic volumes on roadway segments during construction. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate vehicle trip volumes similar to those listed in Table 3.16-4, 2026 No Construction and Construction Traffic Volumes. However, the additional construction trips would be minimal compared to the typical volume and would not cause a degradation of LOS. As a result, the roadway segments would operate at an acceptable LOS with addition of construction traffic associated with the Crouch Avenue Alternative. Construction of this alternative within or across streets would require temporary lane closures, which could obstruct access and cause 782
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delays for pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit buses. Therefore, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, resulting in a significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts on pedestrian, bicycle, and transit facilities during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would result in increased traffic volumes on the roadways in the study area. Relative to existing traffic volumes on roadways in the study area, the addition of traffic associated with operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not affect roadway operations. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated on this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on pedestrian, bicycle, and transit facilities during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

Impact TRA-2: Conflict with or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3, subdivision (b) (Less than Significant Impact)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would cause a temporary increase in VMT during construction. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate VMT similar to those listed in Table 3.16-5, Butte County VMT. The percentage increase in VMT due to construction trips associated with the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be 2.3 percent of Butte County’s VMT. While the construction traffic would cause an increase in VMT, this increase would be temporary and short-term. Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not cause an increase in VMT in the study area due to the infrequency of these activities. Therefore, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b), resulting in a less-than-significant impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b).

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact TRA-3: Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment) (No Impact) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not change geometric design features or require incompatible uses. All street legal trucks and vehicles would use the existing roadways to access the Crouch Avenue Alternative area. Therefore, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not increase hazards due to a geometric design feature or incompatible uses, resulting in no impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because 783
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neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would increase traffic hazards.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact TRA-4: Result in inadequate emergency access (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would require temporary closure of traffic lanes on public roadways. Construction traffic associated with the Crouch Avenue Alternative could interfere with emergency response to the Crouch Avenue Alternative area or evacuation procedures in the event of an emergency. Therefore, the Crouch Avenue Alternative could result in inadequate emergency access, resulting in a significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency access during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would result in increased traffic volumes on the roadways in the study area. Relative to existing traffic volumes on roadways in the study area, the addition of traffic associated with operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not affect roadway operations in the study area. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated under this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts related to emergency access during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-6, impacts related to emergency access during construction would be less than significant.

5.5.15.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact TRA-1: Conflict with a program plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.16, Transportation. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate an increase in traffic volumes on roadway segments during construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate vehicle trip volumes similar to those listed in Table 3.16-4, 2026 No Construction and Construction Traffic Volumes. However, the additional construction trips would be minimal compared to the typical volume and would not cause a degradation of LOS. As a result, the roadway segments would operate at an acceptable LOS with addition of construction traffic 784
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associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. Construction of this alternative within or across streets would require temporary lane closures, which could obstruct access and cause delays for pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit buses. Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts on pedestrian, bicycle, and transit facilities during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would result in increased traffic volumes on the roadways in the study area. Relative to existing traffic volumes on roadways in the study area, the addition of traffic associated with operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not affect roadway operations. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated on this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on pedestrian, bicycle, and transit facilities during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not cause an increase in VMT in the study area due to the infrequency of these activities. Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b), resulting in a less-than-significant impact. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-than-significant impacts on CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b).

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact TRA-3: Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment) (No Impact) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not change geometric design features or require incompatible uses. All street legal trucks and vehicles would use the existing roadways to access the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative area. Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not increase hazards due to a geometric design feature or incompatible uses, resulting in no impact.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact TRA-4: Result in inadequate emergency access (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would require temporary closure of traffic lanes on public roadways. Construction traffic associated with the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative could interfere with emergency response to the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative area or evacuation procedures in the event of an emergency. Therefore, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative could result in inadequate emergency access, resulting in a significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts related to emergency access during construction to less than significant. Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would result in increased traffic volumes on the roadways in the study area.

Relative to existing traffic volumes on roadways in the study area, the addition of traffic associated with operation and maintenance of the Proposed Project would not affect roadway operations in the study area. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project alignment would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated under this criterion.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts related to emergency access during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9 Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-6, impacts related to emergency access during construction would be less than significant.

5.5.15.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-15 summarizes the transportation impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.
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Table 5.5-15. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Transportation Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Impact TRA-1: Conflict with a program
plan, ordinance or policy addressing the
circulation system, including transit,
roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact TRA-2: Conflict with or be
inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines
Section 15064.3, subdivision (b)
LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact TRA-3: Substantially increase
hazards due to a geometric design feature
(e.g., sharp curves or dangerous
intersections) or incompatible uses
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact TRA-4: Result in inadequate
emergency access S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.16 Tribal Cultural Resources

5.5.16.1 No Project Alternative
Impact TCR-1: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, or cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
 Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources code section 5020.1(k), or
 A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency will consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, the Town would not construct the Core or Extended Collection Systems or an Export Pipeline System and would continue to rely on individualized septic systems for wastewater management. Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no ground disturbance or disturbance of landscape or viewshed would occur as a result of implementation of the Proposed Project. Therefore, there would be no impacts on the significance of a TCR under the No Project Alternative. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed 787
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Project because the Proposed Project would result in less-than-significant impacts with mitigation incorporated on TCRs.

5.5.16.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact TCR-1: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, or cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
 Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources code section 5020.1(k), or
 A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency will consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.17, Tribal Cultural Resources. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, no CRHR-eligible TCRs have been identified within the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative area. Excavation and ground disturbing activities during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative have the potential to impact unknown TCRs in the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative area, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-TCR-1: Coordination with Konkow Valley Band of Maidu and Mechoopda Indian Tribe and MM-TCR-2: Tribal Cultural Monitoring), which would reduce impacts on TCRs during construction to a less than significant level.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-thansignificant impacts with mitigation incorporated on TCRs.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on TCRs during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-TCR-1 and MMTCR-2 will be implemented. 788
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MM-TCR-1: Coordination with Konkow Valley Band of Maidu and Mechoopda Indian Tribe (see Section 3.17, Tribal Cultural Resources, for description) MM-TCR-2: Tribal Cultural Monitoring (see Section 3.17, Tribal Cultural Resources, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-TCR-1 and MM-TCR-2, impacts resulting from inadvertent damage or destruction of unknown TCRs during construction would be less than significant.

5.5.16.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact TCR-1: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, or cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
 Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources code section 5020.1(k), or
 A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency will consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.17, Tribal Cultural Resources. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, no CRHR-eligible TCRs have been identified within the Crouch Avenue Alternative area.

Excavation and ground disturbing activities during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative have the potential to impact unknown TCRs in the Crouch Avenue Alternative area, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-TCR-1: Coordination with Konkow Valley Band of Maidu and Mechoopda Indian Tribe and MM-TCR-2: Tribal Cultural Monitoring), which would reduce impacts on TCRs during construction to a less than significant level.

Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not include ground disturbing activities except if there were a pipe break and a section of pipeline needed to be replaced. Operation and maintenance activities would mostly occur in previously disturbed areas (within paved roads), resulting in no potential to impact TCRs. In the case of a pipe break, the section would be repaired and returned to previous conditions as expeditiously as possible so as to limit impacts to the public and sewer service. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a less than significant impact on TCRs.
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The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in less-thansignificant impacts with mitigation incorporated on TCRs.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on TCRs during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-TCR-1 and MM-TCR-2 will be implemented.

MM-TCR-1: Coordination with Konkow Valley Band of Maidu and Mechoopda Indian Tribe (see Section 3.17, Tribal Cultural Resources, for description) MM-TCR-2: Tribal Cultural Monitoring (see Section 3.17, Tribal Cultural Resources, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-TCR-1 and MM-TCR-2, impacts resulting from inadvertent damage or destruction of unknown TCRs during construction would be less than significant.

5.5.16.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact TCR-1: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, or cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
 Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources code section 5020.1(k), or
 A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency will consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.17, Tribal Cultural Resources. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, no CRHR-eligible TCRs have been identified within the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative area. Excavation and ground disturbing activities during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative have the potential to impact unknown TCRs in the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative area, resulting in a potentially significant impact. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-TCR-1: Coordination with Konkow Valley Band of Maidu and Mechoopda Indian Tribe and MM-TCR-2: Tribal Cultural Monitoring), which would reduce impacts on TCRs during construction to a less than significant level. 790
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Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not include ground disturbing activities except if there were a pipe break and a section of pipeline needed to be replaced. Operation and maintenance activities would mostly occur in previously disturbed areas (within paved roads), resulting in no potential to impact TCRs. In the case of a pipe break, the section would be repaired and returned to previous conditions as expeditiously as possible so as to limit impacts to the public and sewer service. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a less than significant impact on TCRs.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on TCRs during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MMTCR-1 and MM-TCR-2 will be implemented.

5.5.16.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-16 summarizes the tribal cultural resources impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.

Table 5.5-16. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Tribal Cultural Resources Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact TCR-1: Cause a substantial
adverse change in the significance of a
tribal cultural resource, defined in Public
Resources Code section 21074 as either
a site, feature, place, or cultural
landscape that is geographically defined
in terms of the size and scope of the
landscape, sacred place, or object with
cultural value to a California Native
American tribe, and that is:
 Listed or eligible for listing in the
California Register of Historical
Resources, or in a local register of
historical resources as defined in
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
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Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Public Resources code section
5020.1(k), or
 A resource determined by the lead
agency, in its discretion and
supported by substantial evidence,
to be significant pursuant to criteria
set forth in subdivision (c) of Public
Resources Code Section 5024.1.

In applying the criteria set forth in
subdivision (c) of Public Resource
Code Section 5024.1, the lead
agency will consider the
significance of the resource to a
California Native American tribe
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.5.17 Utilities and Service Systems

5.5.17.1 No Project Alternative
Impact UTIL-1: Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment, storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, the Town would not make a regional connection to the Chico WPCP and would continue to rely on existing wastewater management. No new utility infrastructure would be required, and none would require relocation. All existing utilities would remain the same, and there would be no impact on any utilities in Paradise and the regional area. Therefore, no impact on utilities would occur, and no mitigation is required. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would require or result in the relocation or construction of new utility infrastructure.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact UTIL-2: Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the Project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, the Town would not make a regional connection to the Chico WPCP and would continue to rely on existing wastewater management. The use of water supply would not be required under the No Project Alternative. Therefore, no impact on water supply would occur, and no mitigation is required. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would impact water supplies. 792
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Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact UTIL-4: Generate solid waste in excess of state or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, no construction, ground disturbance, or other waste generating activities would be proposed. Therefore, there would be no impact from solid waste generation, and no mitigation is needed. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would generate solid waste in excess of state or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact UTIL-5: Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste? (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, no construction, ground disturbance, or other waste generating activities would be proposed. Therefore, there would be no impact from conflicts with federal, state, and local waste management reduction statutes. The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the No Project Alternative nor the Proposed Project would conflict with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes related to solid waste.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.17.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact UTIL-1: Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment, storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.18, Utilities and Service Systems. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative is within the existing capacity of the Chico WPCP and would not stress the capacity of the current system. Consistent with the analysis for the 793
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Proposed Project, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not require relocation of wastewater facilities, electricity transmission lines, and fiber optic cables. There is potential that groundwater would be encountered during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.

Construction work associated with this alternative would occur near waterbodies. However, significant environmental effects would not occur because a SWPPP, which includes water quality BMPs, would be implemented to protect groundwater and water quality. Nevertheless, because utilities could be affected during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative, with the potential for disruption of utility service, this impact would be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-UTIL-1: Minimize Utility and Service System Disruptions), which would reduce impacts on utility infrastructure during construction to less than significant. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative has the potential to foster population regrowth as a result of Camp Fire recovery efforts. However, long-term utility usage is expected to be similar to pre-Camp Fire levels and within the approved capacities for these services. This would not be a displacement or relocation of utilities, but rather part of the Town’s recovery efforts. Operation and maintenance activities associated with this alternative would occur periodically throughout the year and would be minimally invasive. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in no impacts on utility infrastructure.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on utility infrastructure during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-UTIL-1 will be implemented.

MM-UTIL-1: Minimize Utility and Service System Disruptions (see Section 3.18, Utilities and Service Systems, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-UTIL-1, impacts on utility infrastructure during construction would be less than significant.

Impact UTIL-2: Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the Project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years (No Impact) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, water supply required during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be the responsibility of the construction contractor. Water supply would only be required temporarily during the construction period. Water would be required for such activities as dust suppression, equipment washing, or contractor potable and non-potable water needs. Water use during operations and maintenance would periodically involve flushing activities, flow monitoring, and flow data and wastewater sampling, as described in Section 2.8, Proposed Operation and Maintenance. No potable water would be required during operation and maintenance of this alternative. Therefore, no impact on water supply would occur. 794
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The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would impact water supply.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, wastewater generated during operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would be within the current capacity of the Chico WPCP or within the amount agreed upon by the City of Chico. Therefore, there would be no impact on wastewater during operation and maintenance.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would impact wastewater.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact UTIL-4: Generate solid waste in excess of state or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals (No Impact)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would generate solid waste such as construction debris, asphalt, and excess soil during construction. Solid waste would be transported to a local landfill or another approved location, such as the Neal Road Recycling Waste Facility, which has capacity to accommodate solid waste from the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative. Therefore, there would be no impacts related to solid waste during construction. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not generate additional solid waste. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative has the potential to foster population regrowth as a result of Camp Fire recovery efforts. However, long-term landfill usage would be similar to pre-Camp Fire levels and within the approved capacities. Therefore, there would be no impacts related to solid waste during operation and maintenance.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact UTIL-5: Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste? (No Impact)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste that have been identified in Section 3.18, Utilities and Service Systems. Table 3.18-3, Consistency with State and Local Plans, Policies, and Regulations, provides a consistency analysis of these local management and reduction statutes and regulations. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not conflict with federal, state, and local solid waste regulations and statutes, and no impact would occur.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with federal, state, and local solid waste regulations and statutes.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.17.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact UTIL-1: Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment, storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) The Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.18, Utilities and Service Systems. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative is within the existing capacity of the Chico WPCP and would not stress the capacity of the current system. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not require relocation of wastewater facilities, electricity transmission lines, and fiber optic cables. There is potential that groundwater would be encountered during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative. Construction work associated with this alternative would occur near waterbodies. However, significant environmental effects would not occur because a SWPPP, which includes water quality BMPs, would be implemented to protect groundwater and water quality. Nevertheless, because utilities could be affected during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative, with the potential for disruption of utility service, this impact would be significant. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-UTIL-1: Minimize Utility and Service System Disruptions), which would reduce impacts on utility infrastructure during construction to less than significant. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Crouch Avenue Alternative has the potential to foster population regrowth as a result of Camp Fire recovery efforts. However, long-term utility usage is expected to be similar to preCamp Fire levels and within the approved capacities for these services. This would not be a displacement or relocation of utilities, but rather part of the Town’s recovery efforts. Operation and maintenance activities associated with this alternative would occur periodically throughout the year and would be minimally invasive. Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in no impacts on utility infrastructure.
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The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because both the Crouch Avenue Alternative and the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in a less-thansignificant impact with mitigation incorporated on utility infrastructure.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on utility infrastructure during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-UTIL-1 will be implemented.

Water use during operations and maintenance would periodically involve flushing activities, flow monitoring, and flow data and wastewater sampling, as described in Section 2.8, Proposed Operation and Maintenance. No potable water would be required during operation and maintenance of this alternative. Therefore, no impact on water supply would occur.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would impact water supply.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact UTIL-3: Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider, which serves or may serve the Project that it has inadequate capacity to serve the Project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments? (No Impact) Impacts on wastewater would be similar to those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.18, Utilities and Service Systems. Wastewater would be generated during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative. Water encountered during pit excavation would be placed into a settling tank before being trucked to a nearby sewer main for discharge. Perched water and nuisance water encountered in trenches during construction would be collected via sump pump to a Baker Tank for settling and reused for truck dust control. Therefore, there would be no impact on wastewater during construction. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, wastewater generated during operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be within the current capacity of the Chico WPCP or within the amount agreed upon by the City of Chico. Therefore, there would be no impact on wastewater during operation and maintenance.
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The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would impact wastewater.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact UTIL-4: Generate solid waste in excess of state or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals (No Impact)
The Crouch Avenue Alternative would generate solid waste such as construction debris, asphalt, and excess soil during construction. Solid waste would be transported to a local landfill or another approved location, such as the Neal Road Recycling Waste Facility, which has capacity to accommodate solid waste from the Crouch Avenue Alternative. Therefore, there would be no impacts related to solid waste during construction. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not generate additional solid waste. The Crouch Avenue Alternative has the potential to foster population regrowth as a result of Camp Fire recovery efforts. However, long-term landfill usage would be similar to pre-Camp Fire levels and within the approved capacities. Therefore, there would be no impacts related to solid waste during operation and maintenance.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would result in impacts related to solid waste.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact UTIL-5: Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste (No Impact)
The Crouch Avenue Alternative would comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste that have been identified in Section 3.18, Utilities and Service Systems. Table 3.18-3, Consistency with State and Local Plans, Policies, and Regulations, provides a consistency analysis of these local management and reduction statutes and regulations.

Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with federal, state, and local solid waste regulations and statutes, and no impact would occur.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment would conflict with federal, state, and local solid waste regulations and statutes.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.17.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact UTIL-1: Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment, storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications 798
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facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in similar impacts as those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.18, Utilities and Service Systems. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative is within the existing capacity of the Chico WPCP and would not stress the capacity of the current system.

Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not require relocation of wastewater facilities, electricity transmission lines, and fiber optic cables. There is potential that groundwater would be encountered during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. Construction work associated with this alternative would occur near waterbodies. However, significant environmental effects would not occur because a SWPPP, which includes water quality BMPs, would be implemented to protect groundwater and water quality. Nevertheless, because utilities could be affected during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative, with the potential for disruption of utility service, this impact would be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measure as the Proposed Project (MM-UTIL-1: Minimize Utility and Service System Disruptions), which would reduce impacts on utility infrastructure during construction to less than significant. Consistent with the Proposed Project, the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative has the potential to foster population regrowth as a result of Camp Fire recovery efforts. However, long-term utility usage is expected to be similar to pre-Camp Fire levels and within the approved capacities for these services. This would not be a displacement or relocation of utilities, but rather part of the Town’s recovery efforts. Operation and maintenance activities associated with this alternative would occur periodically throughout the year and would be minimally invasive.

Therefore, operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in no impacts on utility infrastructure.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on utility infrastructure during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measure MM-UTIL-1 will be implemented.

Impact UTIL-2: Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the Project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years (No Impact) Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, water supply required during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be the responsibility of the construction 799
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contractor. Water supply would only be required temporarily during the construction period. Water would be required for such activities as dust suppression, equipment washing, or contractor potable and non-potable water needs. Water use during operations and maintenance would periodically involve flushing activities, flow monitoring, and flow data and wastewater sampling, as described in Section 2.8, Proposed Operation and Maintenance. No potable water would be required during operation and maintenance of this alternative. Therefore, no impact on water supply would occur.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact UTIL-3: Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider, which serves or may serve the Project that it has inadequate capacity to serve the Project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments (No Impact) Impacts on wastewater would be similar to those discussed for the Proposed Project in Section 3.18, Utilities and Service Systems. Wastewater would be generated during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. Water encountered during pit excavation would be placed into a settling tank before being trucked to a nearby sewer main for discharge. Perched water and nuisance water encountered in trenches during construction would be collected via sump pump to a Baker Tank for settling and reused for truck dust control. Therefore, there would be no impact on wastewater during construction. Consistent with the analysis for the Proposed Project, wastewater generated during operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would be within the current capacity of the Chico WPCP or within the amount agreed upon by the City of Chico.

Therefore, there would be no impact on wastewater during operation and maintenance.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Therefore, there would be no impacts related to solid waste during construction. Operation and maintenance of this alternative would not generate additional solid waste. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative has the potential to foster population regrowth as a result of Camp Fire recovery efforts. However, long-term landfill usage would be similar to pre-Camp Fire levels and within 800
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the approved capacities. Therefore, there would be no impacts related to solid waste during operation and maintenance.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact UTIL-5: Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste (No Impact)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste that have been identified in Section 3.18, Utilities and Service Systems. Table 3.18-3, Consistency with State and Local Plans, Policies, and Regulations, provides a consistency analysis of these local management and reduction statutes and regulations. Therefore, construction, operation, and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not conflict with federal, state, and local solid waste regulations and statutes, and no impact would occur.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because neither the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative nor the Proposed Project alignment would conflict with federal, state, and local solid waste regulations and statutes.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.17.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-17 summarizes the utilities and service systems impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.

Table 5.5-17. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Utilities and Service Systems Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact UTIL-1: Require or result in the
relocation or construction of new or
expanded water, wastewater treatment,
storm water drainage, electric power,
natural gas, or telecommunications
facilities, the construction or relocation of
which could cause significant
environmental effects
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact UTIL-2: Have sufficient water
supplies available to serve the Project and
reasonably foreseeable future
development during normal, dry and
multiple dry years
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
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Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact UTIL-3: Result in a determination
by the wastewater treatment provider,
which serves or may serve the Project that
it has inadequate capacity to serve the
Project’s projected demand in addition to
the provider’s existing commitments
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact UTIL-4: Generate solid waste in
excess of state or local standards, or in
excess of the capacity of local
infrastructure, or otherwise impair the
attainment of solid waste reduction goals
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact UTIL-5: Comply with federal,
state, and local management and
reduction statutes and regulations related
to solid waste
NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project Wildfire

5.5.18 Wildfire

5.5.18.1 No Project Alternative
Impact FIRE-1: Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would remain the same, and no construction is proposed. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan, and no impact would occur. The level of impact would be less than that for the Proposed Project because the Proposed Project would result in a less-than-significant impact with mitigation incorporated on this criterion.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact FIRE-2: Exacerbate wildfire risks due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative existing conditions would not change. No construction, operations or maintenance would occur that would exacerbate wildfire risk due to slope, prevailing winds and other factors in the study area. Therefore, no impact would occur.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.
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Impact FIRE-3: Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines, or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment (No Impact) Under the No Project Alternative, no installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure is proposed. Conditions in the study area would not change. Therefore, fire risk would not be exacerbated, and no impact would occur.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

Impact FIRE-4: Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes (No Impact)
Under the No Project Alternative, existing conditions would not change, and no construction and operational activities are proposed. Therefore, the No Project Alternative would not expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides. There would be no impact.

Mitigation. No mitigation required.

5.5.18.2 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative
Impact FIRE-1: Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project, no total road closures are proposed under the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative other than temporary movement of equipment. Portions of the alternative would be located along Skyway, which is a primary evacuation route. Closures within the ROW would be partial, however, in the event of a wildfire, all four lanes would be needed for evacuation along Skyway.

Therefore, during construction impacts to an emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan would be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-3: Road Closure Restrictions, MM-HAZ-4: Rapid Demobilization Plan, MM-HAZ-5: Evacuation Warning Procedures and MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts on an emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan to a less than significant level.

Operations and maintenance activities would not involve the presence or operation of equipment on roads for extended periods of time. As described in Section, 3.16, Transportation, the addition of traffic associated with operation and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not affect roadway operations in the study area. As such, operation and maintenance activities would have no impact on an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation route.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts on an emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.
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Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on emergency response or emergency evacuation plan during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-3, MM-HAZ-4, MM-HAZ-5, and MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

Impact FIRE-2: Exacerbate wildfire risks due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Portions of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative are located in Very High FHSZs. Operation and fueling of construction equipment in Very High FHSZs could create fire hazards in the study area. Hazardous materials would also be used, transported and disposed of during construction activities. The Town would comply with all relevant federal, state, and local statutes and regulations related to the transport, use, storage, or disposal of hazardous materials associated with construction activities, and all materials designated for disposal would be evaluated for appropriate state and federal hazardous waste criteria and properly disposed of according to their classifications. However, because the alternative is located in a Very High FHSZ, the potential for wildfire exists during construction.

Therefore, this impact is considered significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling, MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures, MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures, and MM-HAZ-9: Wildland Fire Area), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level.

Operations and maintenance would not require the use of heavy equipment, fueling, or other activities likely to create an additional fire hazard. Operation and maintenance activities would not exacerbate wildfire risk in the study area because these activities would not occur adjacent to wildland areas.

Additionally, fire suppression equipment would be made available during operation and maintenance and Chico WPCP would continue to comply with existing fire codes. As a result, impacts from exacerbating fire risks during operation and maintenance would be less than significant.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts on wildfire risks due to slope, prevailing winds, or other factors would be less than significant with mitigation 804
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incorporated for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts from exacerbating wildfire risk in the study area during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-9. Wildland Fire Area (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9, impacts from wildfire risk due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors would be less than significant.

Construction activities such as operation and fueling of construction equipment in Very High FHSZs could create fire hazards in the study area. Therefore, impacts during construction would be significant.

The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling, MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures, MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures, and MM-HAZ-9: Wildland Fire Area), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level. Operation and maintenance activities including the inspection of the Export Pipeline System and associated instrumentation, and flow data sampling would not require the use of heavy equipment, fueling, or other activities likely to create an additional fire hazard. Additionally, operation and maintenance activities would not exacerbate wildfire risk in the study area because these activities would not occur adjacent to wildland areas. Therefore, impacts from operation and maintenance of utility infrastructure would be less than significant.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure that may exacerbate fire risk would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.
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Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on wildfire from installation or maintenance of utility infrastructure during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-9. Wildland Fire Area (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9, impacts from the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure that may exacerbate wildfire risk would be less than significant.

Impact FIRE-4: Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Paradise is located on a broad and gently sloping ridge, while Chico is predominantly flat. Installation of the Export Pipeline System would require installation via trenching or open cut methods within the Town’s roadway ROWs. Given the sloped topography of the Town and ground disturbing activities that could create runoff or temporarily alter drainage patterns, impacts would be significant during construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan, MM-HYD-3:

Flood Protection Plan, and MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level.

Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not involve activities that create runoff or alter drainage. Additionally, operation and maintenance activities would not exacerbate wildfire risk in the study area because these activities would not occur adjacent to wildland areas. As a result, operations and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would not expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides and there would be no impact.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts from exposing people or structure to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative.

Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts on post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HYD-1, MM-HYD-3, and MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.
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MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description)
MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description) MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-1, MM-HYD-3, and MM-GEO-1 , impacts from the exposure of people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides would be less than significant.

5.5.18.3 Crouch Avenue Alternative
Impact FIRE-1: Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project, no total road closures are proposed under the Crouch Avenue Alternative other than temporary movement of equipment. Portions of the alternative would be located along Skyway, which is a primary evacuation route. Closures within the ROW would be partial, however, in the event of a wildfire, all four lanes would be needed for evacuation along Skyway.

Therefore, during construction impacts to an emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan would be significant. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-3: Road Closure Restrictions, MM-HAZ-4: Rapid Demobilization Plan, MM-HAZ-5: Evacuation Warning Procedures and MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts on an emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan to a less than significant level.

Operations and maintenance activities would not involve the presence or operation of equipment on roads for extended periods of time. As described in Section, 3.16, Transportation, the addition of traffic associated with operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not affect roadway operations in the study area. As such, operation and maintenance activities would have no impact on an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation route.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on emergency response or emergency evacuation plan during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-3, MM-HAZ-4, MM-HAZ-5, and MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-3: Road Closure Restrictions (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-4: Rapid Demobilization Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
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MM-HAZ-5: Evacuation Warning Procedures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-3, MM-HAZ-4, MM-HAZ-5, and MM-HAZ-6, impacts on an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan would be less than significant.

Impact FIRE-2: Exacerbate wildfire risks due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Portions of the Crouch Avenue Alternative are located in Very High FHSZs. Operation and fueling of construction equipment in Very High FHSZs could create fire hazards in the study area. Hazardous materials would also be used, transported and disposed of during construction activities. The Town would comply with all relevant federal, state, and local statutes and regulations related to the transport, use, storage, or disposal of hazardous materials associated with construction activities, and all materials designated for disposal would be evaluated for appropriate state and federal hazardous waste criteria and properly disposed of according to their classifications. However, because the alternative is located in a Very High FHSZ, the potential for wildfire exists during construction.

Therefore, this impact is considered significant. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling, MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures, MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures, and MM-HAZ-9: Wildland Fire Area), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level. Operations and maintenance would not require the use of heavy equipment, fueling, or other activities likely to create an additional fire hazard. Operation and maintenance activities would not exacerbate wildfire risk in the study area because these activities would not occur adjacent to wildland areas. Additionally, fire suppression equipment would be made available during operation and maintenance and Chico WPCP would continue to comply with existing fire codes. As a result, impacts from exacerbating fire risks during operation and maintenance would be less than significant.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts from exacerbating wildfire risk in the study area during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
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MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-9. Wildland Fire Area (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MMHAZ-9, impacts from wildfire risk due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors would be less than significant.

The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling, MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures, MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures, and MM-HAZ-9: Wildland Fire Area), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level.

Operation and maintenance activities including the inspection of the Export Pipeline System and associated instrumentation, and flow data sampling would not require the use of heavy equipment, fueling, or other activities likely to create an additional fire hazard. Additionally, operation and maintenance activities would not exacerbate wildfire risk in the study area because these activities would not occur adjacent to wildland areas. Therefore, impacts from operation and maintenance of utility infrastructure would be less than significant.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on wildfire from installation or maintenance of utility infrastructure during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
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MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-9. Wildland Fire Area (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9, impacts from the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure would be less than significant.

Impact FIRE-4: Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Paradise is located on a broad and gently sloping ridge, while Chico is predominantly flat. Installation of the Export Pipeline System would require installation via trenching or open cut methods within the Town’s roadway ROWs. Given the sloped topography of the Town and ground disturbing activities that could create runoff or temporarily alter drainage patterns, impacts would be significant during construction. The Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan, MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan, and MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level.

Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not involve activities that create runoff or alter drainage. Additionally, operation and maintenance activities would not exacerbate wildfire risk in the study area because these activities would not occur adjacent to wildland areas. As a result, operations and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides and there would be no impact.

Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts on post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes during construction of the Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MMHYD-1, MM-HYD-3, and MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan (see Section 3.10 Hydrology and Water Quality, for description)
MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description) MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
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Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-1, MM-HYD-3, and MM-GEO-1, impacts from the exposure of people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides would be less than significant.

5.5.18.4 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative Impact FIRE-1: Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Consistent with the Proposed Project, no total road closures are proposed under the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative other than temporary movement of equipment. Portions of the alternative would be located along Skyway, which is a primary evacuation route. Closures within the ROW would be partial, however, in the event of a wildfire, all four lanes would be needed for evacuation along Skyway. Therefore, during construction impacts to an emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan would be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-3: Road Closure Restrictions, MM-HAZ-4: Rapid Demobilization Plan, MM-HAZ-5: Evacuation Warning Procedures and MM-HAZ-6: Traffic Management Plan), which would reduce impacts on an emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan to a less than significant level.

Operations and maintenance activities would not involve the presence or operation of equipment on roads for extended periods of time. As described in Section, 3.16, Transportation, the addition of traffic associated with operation and maintenance of the Crouch Avenue Alternative would not affect roadway operations in the study area. As such, operation and maintenance activities would have no impact on an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation route.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on emergency response or emergency evacuation plan during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-3, MM-HAZ-4, MM-HAZ-5, and MM-HAZ-6 will be implemented.

Operation and fueling of construction equipment in Very High FHSZs could create fire hazards in the study area. Hazardous materials would also be used, transported and disposed of during construction activities. The Town would comply with all relevant federal, state, and local statutes and regulations related to the transport, use, storage, or disposal of hazardous materials associated with construction activities, and all materials designated for disposal would be evaluated for appropriate state and federal hazardous waste criteria and properly disposed of according to their classifications. However, because the alternative is located in a Very High FHSZ, the potential for wildfire exists during construction.

Therefore, this impact is considered significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1:

Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling, MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures, MMHAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures, and MM-HAZ-9: Wildland Fire Area), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level.

The level of impact would be the same as that for the Proposed Project because impacts on wildfire risks due to slope, prevailing winds, or other factors would be less than significant with mitigation incorporated for both the Proposed Project Entler Avenue alignment and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts from exacerbating wildfire risk in the study area during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
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MM-HAZ-9. Wildland Fire Area (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9, impacts from wildfire risk due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors would be less than significant.

Impact FIRE-3: Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines, or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated)
The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would involve the construction of an Export Pipeline System. As discussed under Impact FIRE-2, portions of the study area are located in Very High FHSZs. Construction activities such as operation and fueling of construction equipment in Very High FHSZs could create fire hazards in the study area. Therefore, impacts during construction would be significant. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling, MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures, MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures, and MM-HAZ-9: Wildland Fire Area), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level.

Mitigation. To minimize potentially significant impacts on wildfire from installation or maintenance of utility infrastructure during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9 will be implemented.

MM-HAZ-1: Vehicle Equipment Access and Fueling (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-7: Incorporate Fire Prevention Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
MM-HAZ-8: Incorporate Public Safety Measures (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description)
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MM-HAZ-9. Wildland Fire Area (see Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, for description) Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HAZ-1, MM-HAZ-7, MM-HAZ-8, and MM-HAZ-9, impacts from the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure that may exacerbate wildfire risk would be less than significant.

Impact FIRE-4: Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes (Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated) Paradise is located on a broad and gently sloping ridge, while Chico is predominantly flat. Installation of the Export Pipeline System would require installation via trenching or open cut methods within the Town’s roadway ROWs. Given the sloped topography of the Town and ground disturbing activities that could create runoff or temporarily alter drainage patterns, impacts would be significant during construction. The Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would implement the same mitigation measures as the Proposed Project (MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan, MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan, and MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards), which would reduce impacts to a less than significant level.

Operation and maintenance activities, as described in Section 2.8, would not involve activities that create runoff or alter drainage. Additionally, operation and maintenance activities would not exacerbate wildfire risk in the study area because these activities would not occur adjacent to wildland areas. As a result, operations and maintenance of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would not expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides and there would be no impact.

Mitigation. To minimize significant impacts on post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes during construction of the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative to a less than significant level, mitigation measures MM-HYD-1, MM-HYD-3, and MM-GEO-1 will be implemented.

MM-HYD-1: Stormwater Management and Treatment Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description)
MM-HYD-3: Flood Protection Plan (see Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality, for description) MM-GEO-1: Minimize Geologic Hazards (see Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources, for description)
Significance after Mitigation. With the implementation of MM-HYD-1, MM-HYD-3, and MM-GEO-1, impacts from the exposure of people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides would be less than significant. 814
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5.5.18.5 Alternatives Impact Summary
Table 5.5-18 summarizes the wildfire impacts of the alternatives and a comparison to the Proposed Project.

Table 5.5-18. Alternatives Impacts Summary for Wildfire Impact Proposed
Project
No Project
Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Impact FIRE-1: Substantially impair an
adopted emergency response plan or
emergency evacuation plan
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact FIRE-2: Exacerbate wildfire risks due
to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors,
and thereby expose project occupants to
pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the
uncontrolled spread of a wildfire
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact FIRE-3: Require the installation or
maintenance of associated infrastructure
(such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency
water sources, power lines, or other utilities)
that may exacerbate fire risk or that may
result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the
environment
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact FIRE-4: Expose people or structures
to significant risks, including downslope or
downstream flooding or landslides, as a
result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or
drainage changes
S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Notes: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project

5.6 Comparison of Proposed Project and Alternative Impacts Table 5.6-1 summarizes the impacts of the alternatives and compares it with the Proposed Project impacts.
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hdrinc.comFinal Program Environmental Impact Report 636 Table 5.6-1. Comparison of Proposed Project and Alternative Impacts Impact Proposed Project No Project Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
Alternative
Crouch
Avenue
Alternative
Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
Crouch Avenue
Alternative
Agriculture and Forestry Resources Impact AG-1: Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to nonagricultural use NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact AG-2: Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) Impact AG-3: Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g)) NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact AG-4: Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) Impact AG-5: Involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland to nonagricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Air Quality Impact AIR-1: Conflict with or obstruct implementation of an applicable air quality plan NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) Impact AIR-2: Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the Project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact AIR-3: Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=) Impact AIR-4: Result in other emissions, such as those leading to odors, adversely affecting a substantial number of people LTS LTS (+) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=) Biological Resources Impact BIO-1: Substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the CDFW or USFWS S/M NI (-) S/M (+) S/M (=) S/M (+)
Impact BIO-2: Substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, and regulations or by the CDFW or USFWS S/M NI (-) S/M (+) S/M (=) S/M (+)
Impact BIO-3: Substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands S/M NI (-) NI (-) S/M (+) S/M (+) Impact BIO-4: Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) 816
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hdrinc.comFinal Program Environmental Impact Report 637 Impact Proposed Project No Project Alternative
Entler
Avenue
Hybrid
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Crouch
Avenue
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Entler Avenue
Hybrid and
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fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of wildlife nursery sites Impact BIO-5: Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) Impact BIO-6: Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Cultural Resources Impact CUL-1: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to section 15064.5 LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=) Impact CUL-2: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to section 15064.5 S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact CUL-3: Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=) Energy Impact ENG-1: Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact ENG-2: Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources Impact GEO-1(a): Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact GEO-1(b): Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: Strong seismic ground shaking S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact GEO-1(c): Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact GEO-1(d): Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: Landslides S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact GEO-2: Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=) 817
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Impact GEO-3: Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the Project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact GEO-4: Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risk to life or property S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact GEO-5: Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater NI SU (+) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact GEO-6: Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact GHG-1: Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=) Impact GHG-2: Conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reduction the emissions of GHG NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) Hazards and Hazardous Materials Impact HAZ-1: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact HAZ-2: Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact HAZ-3: Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=) Impact HAZ-4: Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact HAZ-5: For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact HAZ-6: Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact HAZ-7: Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) 818
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loss, injury or death involving wildland fires Hydrology and Water Quality Impact HYD-1: Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality S/M SU (+) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact HYD-2: Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the Project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact HYD-3(a): Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would: Result in substantial erosion or siltation on or off-site S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact HYD-3(b): Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would: Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or off-site S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact HYD-3(c): Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would: Create or contribute runoff water that would exceed the capacity of existing or planned storm water drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact HYD-3(d): Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would: Impede or redirect flood flows LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact HYD-4: In flood hazard, risk release of pollutants due to Project inundation S/M SU (+) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact HYD-5: Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan S/M SU (+) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Land Use and Planning Impact LU-1: Physically divide an established community NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) Impact LU-2: Cause any significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Noise and Groundborne Vibration Impact NSE-1: Generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (-) S/M (=) 819
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levels in the vicinity of the Project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or in applicable standards of other agencies Impact NSE-2: Generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (-) S/M (=) Impact NSE-3: Be located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land-use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public-use airport, expose people residing or working in the Project area to excessive noise levels LTS NI (-) NI (-) LTS (+) LTS (+)
Population and Housing
Impact POP-1: Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (e.g., by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (e.g., through extension of roads or other infrastructure) LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact POP-2: Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) Public Services Impact PS-1(a): Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the following public services: Fire Protection S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact PS-1(b): Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the following public services: Police Protection S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact PS-1(c): Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the following public services: Schools S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact PS-1(d): Result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the following public services: Other Public Facilities S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
820
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Recreation Impact REC-1: Increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=)
Impact REC-2: Include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities, which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=) Transportation Impact TRA-1: Conflict with a program plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact TRA-2: Conflict with or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3, subdivision (b) LTS NI (-) LTS (=) LTS (=) LTS (=) Impact TRA-3: Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment) NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) Impact TRA-4: Result in inadequate emergency access S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Tribal Cultural Resources Impact TCR-1: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in PRC Section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, or cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
 Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in PRC Section 5020.1(k), or  A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of PRC Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of PRC Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe.

S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Utilities and Service Systems Impact UTIL-1: Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment, storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact UTIL-2: Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the Project and reasonably NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) 821
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foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years Impact UTIL-3: Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider, which serves or may serve the Project that it has inadequate capacity to serve the Project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact UTIL-4: Generate solid waste in excess of state or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=)
Impact UTIL-5: Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste NI NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) NI (=) Wildfire Impact FIRE-1: Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=) Impact FIRE-2: Exacerbate wildfire risks due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact FIRE-3: Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines, or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Impact FIRE-4: Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes S/M NI (-) S/M (=) S/M (=) S/M (=)
Note: LTS = Less than Significant Impact, NI = No Impact, N/A = Not Applicable, SU = Significant and Unavoidable Impact, S/M = Significant Impact but Mitigable to a Less than Significant Level, (+) indicates a greater level of impacts compared to the Proposed Project; (-) indicates less impacts compared the Proposed Project; (=) indicates the same level of impacts as the Proposed Project 822
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5.7 Environmentally Superior Alternative
CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.6 requires that an “environmentally superior” alternative be selected among the alternatives that are evaluated in the EIR. Generally, the environmentally superior alternative is the alternative that would be expected to generate the fewest adverse impacts. For the purpose of this analysis, the alternatives considered are:
 Proposed Project
 No Project
 Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative –Proposed Project with alternative pipeline alignment for crossing SR 99
 Crouch Avenue Alternative – Proposed Project with alternative export pipeline alignment for crossing Little Chico Creek.
 Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative – Proposed Project with alternative pipeline alignment for crossing SR 99 and alternative pipeline alignment for crossing Little Chico Creek.

While the No Project Alternative would result in the fewest number of impacts when compared to the Proposed Project and alternatives, the No Project Alternative was the only alternative that would result in significant and unavoidable impacts. Significant and unavoidable impacts from the No Project Alternative would occur under geology, soils, and paleontological resources; and hydrology and water quality. All impacts associated with the No Project Alternative are attributed to the risks associated with continued use of individual septic systems and the potential for system failures and leakages.

This section summarizes the different impacts from the Proposed Project and action alternatives (that is, Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative, Crouch Avenue Alternative, and Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative). The comparison focuses on air quality, biological resources, and noise and groundborne vibration because these were the resources that resulted in minor differences in the level of impacts amongst alternatives. However, as shown in Table 5.6-1, with mitigation incorporated, the Proposed Project and all action alternatives result in less than significant impacts or no impact for all resource areas; there are no significant and unavoidable impacts identified for the Proposed Project or any of the action alternatives.

Air Quality. Impacts on air quality would be lowest under the Crouch Avenue Alternative because sensitive receptors would be located farther from construction activities and resulting construction emissions than the Proposed Project and other alternatives. Sensitive receptors are located within 60 feet of the Crouch Avenue Alternative, while sensitive receptors are located within 50 feet of the Proposed Project, Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative, and the Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative. (Google Earth 2022) However, with implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, impacts under the Proposed Project and all action alternatives would be less than significant.

Noise and Groundborne Vibration. Similar to the results of the air quality analysis, noise and groundborne vibration impacts would be lowest under the Crouch Avenue Alternative when compared to the Proposed Project and other alternatives because of the distance of sensitive receptors from construction activities. As it relates to impacts from being located within two miles of an airport or within 823
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an airport land use plan, the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative would result in the lowest level of impacts. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative is not located within an airport land use plan or within two miles of a public or private airport, while the other alternatives would meet at least one of these criteria. (Google Earth 2022). However, with implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, impacts under the Proposed Project and all action alternatives would be less than significant.

Biological Resources. The Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a greater level of impacts on special-status species and sensitive communities when compared to the Proposed Project and Crouch Avenue Alternative. The Export Pipeline System under the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative and Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would cross approximately 0.4 mile of additional valley-foothill riparian habitat, which is a sensitive community, between Butte Creek and SR 99. Valley-foothill riparian is suitable habitat for multiple special-status species of plants and wildlife and is often used by wildlife as a movement corridor. Alternatively, impacts on state or federally protected wetlands would be the lowest under the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative as compared to the Proposed Project and other action alternatives because no aquatic features are present within the Entler Avenue Hybrid Alternative footprint. Based on available preliminary data, the Crouch Avenue Alternative and Entler Avenue Hybrid and Crouch Avenue Alternative would result in a greater level of impacts on state or federally protected wetlands than the Proposed Project.

Summary and Conclusion. Based on the results of the alternatives analysis, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would be the environmentally superior alternative because fewer impacts would occur on air quality, noise and groundborne vibration, and biological resources (special-status species and sensitive communities) when compared to the Proposed Project other action alternatives. However, as noted above, the Crouch Avenue Alternative would also result in a greater level of impacts on state or federally protected wetlands than the Proposed Project. Since impact findings for the Proposed Project and all action alternatives with mitigation incorporated show less than significant impacts or no impacts for all resource areas, selection of any of the three action alternatives would not significantly alter the potential for effects of implementing the Proposed Project. 824
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6. List of Preparers
The following people participated in the production of this document.

Preparer Role(s)
Town of Paradise
Marc Mattox Public Works Director & Town Engineer
Ashley Stanley Principal Engineer
Susan Hartman Community Development Director – Planning & Wastewater Elizabeth Martyn, JD
Preparer Role(s) Qualification Experience
HDR
John Buttz, PE Project Manager MS Civil Engineering 39 years Leslie Tice, CEP CEQA Lead Certified Environmental Professional BS Environmental Science and Policy
23 years
Dawn Edwards CEQA Lead MS Environmental Sciences/Studies BS Business Administration
18 years
Amy Dammarell Quality Control MS Civil Engineering
BS Ecology, Ethology and Evolution
26 years
Natalie Bogan CEQA Document Lead
Hydrology and Water Quality
Recreation
Wildfire
MS Environmental Management
BA Psychology
7 years
Tanya Kalaskar Agriculture and Forestry
Resources
Air Quality
Energy
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Noise and Groundborne Vibration
Geology, Soils, and
Paleontological Resources
Public Services
MS Chemical Engineering
BS Chemical Engineering
5 years
Jay Lloyd Cultural Resources Lead
Tribal Resources/AB 52 Lead
Registered Professional Archaeologist
MA Linguistics
BA Anthropology
19 years
Monica Ruth Cultural and Tribal Resources MA History
BA Anthropology
9 years
Harrison Qiu Land Use and Planning
Utilities and Service Systems
Population and Housing
BS Environmental Policy Analysis & Planning 3 years
Hilary Rolf Hazards and Hazardous
Materials
BS Geology and Geophysics 9 years
David Petree Transportation BS Civil Engineering 14 years Dan Williams Biological Resources Lead BS Geography/Environmental Studies 18 years 825
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Preparer Role(s) Qualification Experience
Summer Pardo,
PWS
Senior Biologist, Biological QC MS Ornithology
BS Biology
19 years
Kristin Smith Biological Resources MS Environmental Studies 10 years Matthew
Paquette
Recreation Resources – QC BA Environmental Policy 19 years Elizabeth Grover Lead Technical Editor MA English Composition and Rhetoric BS English Education
24 years
Andy Arnold GIS Associate of Applied Science, Geospatial Information Science - (GIS Certificate)
20 years
Sean Thomas GIS BA Geography 8 years
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7. References
Chapter 1, Introduction
Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants. 2008. Town of Paradise 1994 General Plan. Prepared for Town of Paradise Community Development Department. Amended January 2008. https://www.townofparadise.com/sites/default/files/fileattachments/planning/page/3251/townofp aradise-generalplan_1994.pdf.

Chapter 2, Project Description
Associated Press. 2019. “California wildfire was world’s costliest natural disaster in 2018; insurer says.” January 8, 2019. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/california-wildfire-was-world-scostliest-natural-disaster-2018-insurer-n95637.

Bennett Engineering. 2017. Town of Paradise Sewer Project Alternatives Analysis and Feasibility Report: Determining a Preferred Option for Implementation. June 21, 2017. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Paradise-Sewer-Project-Report-StaffReport-dated-062117.pdf.

Biggest US Cities. 2022. “Paradise, California Population History 1990-2021.” Updated May 27, 2022. https://www.biggestuscities.com/city/paradise-california.

Butte County Association of Governments (BCAG). 2019a. Population Estimates – 2019. May 2019. http://www.bcag.org/Demographics/Population-Estimates---2019/index.html.

BCAG. 2019b. Provisional Long-Term Regional Growth Forecasts 2018-2040. September 2019. http://www.bcag.org/documents/demographics/pop_emp_projections/Growth_Forecasts_2018- 2040_draft_v2.pdf.

California Department of Finance (DOF). 2021a. E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, 2011-2020, with 2010 Census Benchmark. May 2021. Accessed March 2022. https://dof.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/estimates/estimates-e4-2010-2020/.

DOF. 2021b. E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State – January 1, 2011-2021. May 2021. Accessed March 2022. https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/ estimates/estimates-e5-2010-2021/.

DOF. 2022. Slowing State Population Decline Puts Latest Population at 39,185,000. May 2, 2022. https://dof.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/Forecasting/Demographics/Documents/E1_2022PressRelease.pdf.

California State University Chico. 2020. Geographical Information Center. March 2020. 827
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Carollo Engineers. 2022. Regionalization Planning Report for the Paradise Sewer Project. Prepared under the Cooperative Funding Agreement between the City of Chico and the Town of Paradise. May 2022. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022-Carollo-Cityof-Chico-Regionalization-Planning-Report.pdf.

Circle of Blue. 2015. Septic System Pollution Contributes to Disease Outbreaks. November 2015. https://www.circleofblue.org/2015/world/septic-system-ease-outbreaks/.

City of Chico. 2021a. “Water Pollution Control Plant.” Accessed November 29, 2021. https://chico.ca.us/post/water-pollution-control-plant.

Economic & Planning Systems and Industrial Economics. 2021. Camp Fire Regional Economic Impact Analysis Final Report. January 2021. https://3coreedc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CampFire-Regional-Economic-Impact-Analysis-January-2021.pdf.

Fehr and Peers. 2021. Post Camp Fire Regional Population and Transportation Study. Prepared for Butte County Association of Governments. April 14, 2021. http://www.bcag.org/documents/ Camp%20Fire/Post-Camp-Fire-Study-Final-Report.pdf.

HDR. 2022. EIR Construction Analysis. Technical Memorandum #9, Paradise Sewer Project. February 18, 2022. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022-HDR-Technical-Memo9-EIR-Construction-Analysis.pdf.

Kennedy/Jenks/Chilton. 1989. Town of Paradise Sewer Project Feasibility Study. March 1989. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/1989-TOP-Sewer-Project-FeasibilityStudy.pdf.

Montgomery, James. 1983. Town of Paradise Wastewater Management Study Phase I Report. May 1983. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/1983-TOP-WastewaterManagement-Study-Phase-I-Report.pdf.

NorthStar Engineering. 2010. Final Wastewater Treatment & Collection System Feasibility Study for the Town of Paradise Downtown Community Cluster System. April 2010. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2010-TOP-Wastewater-TreatmentCollection-System-Feasibility-Study-for-the-Downtown-Community-Cluster-System.pdf.

R.A. Ryder & Associates. 1985. Town of Paradise Wastewater Management Plan Phase II Report.

September 1985. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/1985-TOPWastewater-Management-Plan-Phase-II-Report.pdf.

Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). 1992. Formation of On-site Wastewater Disposal Zone for the Town of Paradise. May 4, 1992.

RWQCB. 2020. Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Plant Options, Town of Paradise, Butte County.

November 4, 2020. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2020-CentralValley-Regional-Water-Quality-Control-Board-Alternatives-Analysis.pdf. 828
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State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). 2010. 2010 Update to Strategic Plan 2008-2012.

June 2010. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/hot_topics/strategic_plan/docs/2010/ final_strategic_plan_update_report_062310.pdf.

Tchobanoglous, George. 1984. Town of Paradise Wastewater Management Study Supplementary Phase I Report. March 1984. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/1984- TOP-Wastewater-Management-Study-Supplementary-Phase-I-Report.pdf.

Town of Paradise. 2000. Downtown Revitalization Master Plan. September 2000. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2000-TOP-Downtown-RevitalizationMaster-Plan.pdf.

Town of Paradise. 2004. Downtown Revitalization Area Clustered Wastewater Treatment System(s) Master Plan. March 2004. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2004-TOPDowntown-Revitalization-Area-Clustered-Wastewater-Treatment-Systems-Master-Plan.pdf.

Town of Paradise. 2012. Town of Paradise Wastewater Treatment Historical Background and Comparative Analysis. April 9, 2012.

Town of Paradise. 2019. Long-Term Community Recovery Plan. June 2019. https://www.townofparadise.com/sites/default/files/fileattachments/recovery/page/2071/6.24.19_ long_term_community_recovery_plan.pdf.

Town of Paradise. 2022a. Town of Paradise 2022-2030 Housing Element Update. HCD Revisions Draft. May 2022. https://www.townofparadise.com/sites/default/files/fileattachments/planning/ page/41461/compiled_he_cleanappendices_5-23-22.pdf.

Town of Paradise. 2022b. Municipal Code of Paradise, California. Chapter 12.20 – Improvements– Right of Way Dedication. Updated May 19, 2022. Accessed June 16, 2022. https://library.municode.com/ca/paradise/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId= TIT12STPUPL_CH12.20IMIG-WDE.

Urseny, Laura. 2018. “La Comida closes in Paradise; Chico OK.” September 1, 2018. https://www.chicoer.com/2018/09/01/la-comida-closes-in-paradise-chico-ok/.

Chapter 3, Environmental Impact Analysis
Section 3.1.5.1, Aesthetics and Visual Resources
Butte County. 2012. Butte County General Plan 2030. Adopted October 26, 2010. Updated November 6, 2012. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Planning/ButteCountyGeneralPlan2030_ May2018red.pdf?ver=2019-12-18-141822-357.
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California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2021. California State Scenic Highway System Map. Accessed July 28, 2021. https://caltrans.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/ index.html?id=465dfd3d807c46cc8e8057116f1aacaa.

Section 3.1.5.2, Mineral Resources
Butte County. 2010. Butte County General Plan 2030 EIR. April 8, 2010. https://www.buttecounty.net/ dds/Planning/Butte-County-General-Plan.

City of Chico. 2010. Chico 2030 General Plan Update Draft Environmental Impact Report. September 2010. https://chico.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/chicodeir_combined_ noappendices.pdf?1577755314.

California Department of Conservation (DOC). 2015a. “CGS Information Warehouse: Mineral Land Classification.” Updated October 2015. https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/ informationwarehouse/mlc/.

US Geological Survey (USGS). 2021. “Mineral Resources Online Spatial Data.” Accessed August 5, 2021. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/general/map-us.html#home.

Section 3.2, Agriculture and Forestry Resources
Butte County. 2010. Butte County General Plan 2030 EIR. April 8, 2010. https://www.buttecounty.net/ dds/Planning/Butte-County-General-Plan.

Butte County. 2019a. Butte County Zoning Map. April 2019. https://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/ Docs/Zoning/Zoning_Map_Poster.pdf?ver=2019-04-30-104419-940.

Butte County. 2021a. “The Land Conservation (Williamson) Act.” Development Services. Accessed July 30, 2021. https://www.buttecounty.net/dds/Planning/Williamson-Act-Information.

Butte County. 2021b. Development Services Information Interactive GIS Map. Accessed April 2021 and July 30, 2021. http://gis.buttecounty.net/Public/index.html?viewer=dssearch.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

City of Chico. 2020b. City of Chico Zoning Map. July 1, 2020. https://chico.ca.us/sites/main/files/fileattachments/citywebmap_zoning20170901aug2017.pdf?1594054713. 830
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DOC. 2016. 2014–2016 California Farmland Conversion Report. Appendix A: 2014–2016 County Conversion Tables, Table A-3: Butte County 2014-2016 Land Use Conversion. https://www.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/fmmp/Pages/Butte.aspx.

DOC. 2021a. “Important Farmland Categories.” Accessed July 29, 2021. https://www.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/fmmp/Pages/Important-Farmland-Categories.aspx.

DOC. 2021b. Butte County Important Farmland Map 2018. March 2021. https://www.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/fmmp/Pages/Butte.aspx.

Google Earth. 2022. Aerial imagery and street view of the study area. Accessed March 20, 2022. https://earth.google.com/web/.

Town of Paradise. 2021a. Town of Paradise Interactive GIS Viewer. Accessed April 2021. https://www.townofparadisemapping.com/.

Section 3.3, Air Quality
California Air Resources Board (ARB). 2021a. “CARB Identified Toxic Air Contaminants.” Accessed December 7, 2021. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/carb-identified-toxic-aircontaminants.

ARB. 2021b. “Summary: Diesel Particulate Matter Health Impacts.” Accessed April 1, 2021. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/summary-diesel-particulate-matter-healthimpacts#:~:text=Diesel%20engine%20emissions%20are%20believed%20to%20be%20respons ible,matter%20%28PM2.5%29%2C%20which%20is%20a%20known%20health%20hazard.

ARB. 2021c. “Maps of State and Federal Area Designations.” Accessed December 7, 2021. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/maps-state-and-federal-area-designations.

Butte County Air Quality Management District (BCAQMD). 2014. CEQA Air Quality Handbook.

Guidelines for Assessing Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impacts for Project Subject to CEQA Review. Adopted October 23, 2014. https://bcaqmd.org/wp-content/uploads/CEQA-HandbookAppendices-2014.pdf.

BCAQMD. 2018. “Air Quality Standards & Air Pollutants.” Accessed December 7, 2021. https://bcaqmd.org/planning/air-quality-standards-air-pollutants/. 831
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City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

Google Earth. 2022. Aerial imagery and street view of the study area. Accessed March 20, 2022. https://earth.google.com/web/.

Sacramento Valley Air Quality Engineering and Enforcement Professionals. 2018. Northern Sacramento Valley Planning Area 2018 Triennial Air Quality Attainment Plan. December 7, 2018. http://www.airquality.org/SVBAPCC/Documents/2018%20Triennial%20Report.pdf.

US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2021a. “Criteria Air Pollutants.” Updated August 16, 2021. https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants.

Section 3.4, Biological Resources
Butte County. 2012. Butte County General Plan 2030. Adopted October 26, 2010. Updated November 6, 2012. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Planning/ButteCountyGeneralPlan2030_ May2018red.pdf?ver=2019-12-18-141822-357.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2000. Recommended Timing and Methodology for Swainson’s Hawk Nesting Surveys in California’s Central Valley. Swainson’s Hawk Technical Advisory Committee. May 31.

CDFW. 2018a. Protocols for Surveying and Evaluating Impacts to Special Status Native Plant Populations and Sensitive Natural Communities. March 20. https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/ FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=18959&inline.

CDFW. 2018b. Considerations for Conserving the Foothill Yellow-Legged Frog. May 14. https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=157562&inline.

CDFW. 2021a. California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) QuickView Tool. Online database.

Search for special-status species in the following USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles: Paradise East, Paradise West, Cherokee, Hamlin Canyon, Chico, Ord Ferry, Hamilton City, Glenn, Llano Seco, Nelson, Shippee, Oroville, Oroville Dam, Berry Creek, Pulga, Richardson Springs, Nord, Foster Island, Campbell Mound, Cohasset, Stirling City, and Kimshew Point. Accessed May 2021. https://wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CNDDBMaps-and-Data.

CDFW. 2021b. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System. Life History Accounts and Range Maps. https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR/Life-History-and-Range.

California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2021. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California (online edition, v9-01 0.0). Accessed May 2021. https://www.rareplants.cnps.org. 832
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City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. 2008. A Field Guide to the Identification of the Ordinary High Water Mark (OHWM) in the Arid West Region of the Western United States.

August. https://www.spk.usace.army.mil/Portals/12/documents/regulatory/pdf/Ordinary_ High_Watermark_Manual_Aug_2008.pdf.

Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. 2014. A Guide to Ordinary High Water Mark (OHWM) Delineation for Non-Perennial Streams in the Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region of the United States. August. https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/ p266001coll1/id/3691/.

Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. January. https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/4530.

Environmental Laboratory. 2008. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Delineation Manual:

Arid West Region, Version 2.0. September. https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/utils/getfile/ collection/p266001coll1/id/7627a.

Environmental Laboratory. 2010. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region, Version 2.0. May. https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/utils/getfile/collection/p266001coll1/id/7646.

Esri. 2021. World Imagery Map. https://services.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/ World_Imagery/MapServer.

Google Earth. 2022. Aerial imagery and street view of the study area. Accessed March 20, 2022. https://earth.google.com/web/.

Griffith, G.E., J.M. Omernik, D.W. Smith, T.D. Cook, E. Tallyn, K. Moseley, and C.B. Johnson. 2016.

Ecoregions of California (poster): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1021, with map, scale 1:1,100,000, http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161021.

McNab, W.H., D.T. Cleland, J.A. Freeouf, J.E. Keys, Jr., G.J. Nowacki, and C.A. Carpenter, comps. 2007. Description of ecological subregions: sections of the conterminous United States (CDROM). Gen. Tech. Report WO-76B. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 80 p.

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 2021. California Species List Tool, Google Earth Application.

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). 2018. “California Hydrologic Units.” US Department of Agriculture. September 5. https://koordinates.com/layer/96058-california-hydrologic-units/.

NRCS. 2021a. “Official Soil Series Descriptions.” Accessed March 2021. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/ wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/geo/?cid=nrcs142p2_053587. 833
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NRCS. 2021b. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database for Butte County, California (Online). US Department of Agriculture. Accessed March 2021. https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/ WebSoilSurvey.aspx.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2017. Framework for Assessing Impacts to the Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle. May 2017. https://www.fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ survey-guidelines-for-valley-elderberry-longhorn-beetle.pdf.

USFWS. 2021a. National Wetland Inventory, Wetlands Online Mapper. Division of Habitat and Resource Conservation. Accessed March 2021. https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/data/ Mapper.html.

USFWS. 2021b. Information for Planning and Consultation (IpaC). Accessed May 2021. https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/.

USFWS. 2021c. Critical Habitat Mapper. Accessed May 2021. https://fws.maps.arcgis.com/home/ webmap/viewer.html.

USGS. 2012. National Hydrography Dataset. Downloadable data collection harvest source. Accessed March 2021. https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/national-hydrography/nationalhydrography-dataset?qt-science_support_page_related_con=0#qtscience_support_page_related_con.

Section 3.5, Cultural Resources
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. 2021. “Chico.” Encyclopedia Britannica. October 5. Accessed July 11, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/place/Chico-California.

C’ammuden, Noponi. 2020. Konkow Valley Band of Maidu: The Konkau People of the North Fork and West Branch of the Feather River. DBA Konkau Association Corporation. Kindle edition.

California State Parks. 2021. “Bidwell Mansion State Historic Park.” Accessed July 11, 2021. https://bidwellmansionpark.com/.

Chico Chamber of Commerce. 2018. “About Chico: History of Chico, California.” Accessed July 7, 2021. https://www.chicochamber.com/about-chico.html.
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City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

Cook, Sherburne F. 1955. “The Epidemic of 1830-1833 in California and Oregon.” University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 43(3):303-326.

Cook, Sherburne F. 1976. The Conflict Between the California Indian and White Civilization. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Cultural Programs Office of Mooretown Rancheria. 2021. “Tribal History.” Accessed July 11, 2021. www.featherfallscasino.com/tribe.

Dixon, Roland B. 1905. The Huntington California Expedition: The Northern Maidu. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 17, Part 3, pp. 119-346.

Kowta, Makoto. 1988. The Archaeology and Prehistory of Plumas and Butte Counties, California: An Introduction and Interpretive Model. California Archaeological Site Inventory, Northeast Information Center, California State University, Chico, California.

Mansfield, George C. 1918. History of Butte County, California. Los Angeles: Historic Record Company.

McDonald, Lois H. n.d. Excerpt from This Paradise We Call Home. Accessed July 11, 2021. https://www.townofparadise.com/community.

Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria. 2021. “Past, Present, Future.” Accessed July 7, 2021. https://mechoopda-nsn.gov/home/.

Selverston, Mark D. 2006. “Historical Maidu of the Feather River.” In Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology, edited by Sharon A. Waechter, Don Laylander, and Gregory G. White, Vol. 19, 77–82.

Wells, Harry L., and W.L. Chambers. 1882. History of Butte County, From its Earliest Settlement to Present Time. Vol. 2 of History of Butte County, California. San Francisco: Harry L. Wells.

Section 3.6, Energy
ARB. 2017. California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. The Strategy for Achieving California’s 2030 Greenhouse Gas Target. November 2017. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic //cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf.

Butte County. 2012. Butte County General Plan 2030. Adopted October 26, 2010. Updated November 6, 2012. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Planning/ButteCountyGeneralPlan2030_ May2018red.pdf?ver=2019-12-18-141822-357.
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BCAG. 2020a. BCAG 2020 RTP Travel Demand Model: Model Development Report. Final. Prepared for Butte County Association of Governments. Prepared by Fehr and Peers. September 2020. http://www.bcag.org/documents/planning/traffic%20model/BCAG_ModelDevelopmentReport_2 020.pdf.

California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. 2021a. “Net Taxable Gasoline Gallons.” Accessed December 9, 2021. https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/taxes-and-fees/spftrpts.htm.

California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. 2021b. “Taxable Diesel Gallons 10-year Report.” Accessed December 9, 2021. https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/taxes-and-fees/spftrpts.htm.

California Energy Commission (CEC). 2021a. “2020 Total System Electric Generation.” Accessed December 8, 2021. https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/californiaelectricity-data/2020-total-system-electric-generation.

CEC. 2021b. “Electricity Consumption by County.” Accessed December 8, 2021. https://ecdms.energy.ca.gov/elecbycounty.aspx.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

City of Chico. 2021a. “Water Pollution Control Plant.” Accessed November 29, 2021. https://chico.ca.us/post/water-pollution-control-plant.

Emissions Factor Model (EMFAC). 2021. Planning Inventory Report. December 13, 2021.

Placeworks. 2021. Butte County 2021 Climate Action Plan. December 14, 2021. https://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Planning/CAP/Butte-County-Final-CAP.pdf?ver=2021- 12-20-135801-597.

Rincon Consultants. 2021. City of Chico Climate Action Plan Update. October 19, 2021. http://chicocap.rinconconsultants.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/19-08390_Chico-CAPUpdate_Final-Draft-Complete.pdf.

US Department of Energy. 2020. “Average Fuel Economy by Major Vehicle Category.” Update February 2020. Accessed June 2022. https://afdc.energy.gov/data/10310.

US Energy Information Administration. 2021a. “California Energy Consumption Estimates by Source 2019”. Accessed December 9, 2021. https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=CA#tabs-1.

US Energy Information Administration. 2021b. “California Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector 2019.” Accessed December 9, 2021. https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=CA#tabs-2. 836
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Section 3.7, Geology, Soils, and Paleontological Resources Branum, D., R. Chen, M. Petersen., and C. Wills. 2016. “Earthquake Shaking Potential for California.” Map Sheet 48. California Geological Survey and US Geological Survey. Revised 2016. https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/Documents/Publications/Map-Sheets/MS_048.pdf.

Bureau of Land Management. 2016. Potential Fossil Yield Classification (PFYC) System for Paleontological Resources on Public Lands. July 8. https://www.blm.gov/policy/im-2016-124.

Butte County. 2010. Butte County General Plan 2030 EIR. April 8, 2010. https://www.buttecounty.net/m dds/Planning/Butte-County-General-Plan.

Butte County. 2019b. Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update. Prepared by Foster Morrison.

October 2019. http://www.buttecounty.net/oem/mitigationplans.

Butte County. 2021c. Butte County Code. Chapter 13, Grading and Mining. Updated February 25, 2021. Accessed April 15, 2021. https://library.municode.com/ca/butte_county/codes/ code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CH13GRMI.

Caltrans. 2018. State Route 70 Corridor Improvements Project. Initial Study with Proposed Mitigated Negative Declaration/Environmental Assessment and Section 4(f) Evaluation. August. http://www.bcag.org/documents/projects/SR%2070%20Corridor/SR70_IS-EA_Public_ Draft_WEB.pdf.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

City of Chico. 2021b. Chico Municipal Code. Chapter 16.28 Grading Regulations – Permits. Updated January 5, 2021. Accessed April 15, 2021. https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/chico/latest/ chico_ca/0-0-0-12070.

DOC. 2015b. “Geologic Map of California.” California Geological Survey. https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/gmc/.

DOC. 2019a. “Earthquake Zones of Required Investigation.” California Geological Survey. Updated April 4, 2019. https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/EQZApp/. 837
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Peterson, Kelly. 2021. Groundwater Status Report: 2020 Water Year. Prepared for Butte County Department of Water and Resource Conservation. February 2021. http://www.buttecounty.net/ wrcdocs/Reports/GWStatusReports/2020/2020GWSR_COVER_FINAL.pdf.

Saucedo, G.J., and D.L. Wagner. 1992. Geologic Map of the Chico Quadrangle. https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/Documents/Publications/Regional-Geologic-Maps/ RGM_007A/RGM_007a_Chico_1992_Sheet1of5.pdf.

Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2010. Standard Procedures for the Assessment and Mitigation of Adverse Impacts to Paleontological Resources. Prepared by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Impact Mitigation Guidelines Revision Committee. https://vertpaleo.org/wpcontent/uploads/2021/01/SVP_Impact_Mitigation_Guidelines.pdf.

Town of Paradise. 2022c. Municipal Code of Paradise, California. Chapter 15.02 – 2019 California Building Standards Code. Updated May 19, 2022. Accessed June 16, 2022. https://library.municode.com/ca/paradise/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=TIT15BUCO_CH

15.022019CABUSTCOTI24PA2BAUPINBUCOIC.

Section 3.8, Greenhouse Gas Emissions
ARB. 2017. California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. The Strategy for Achieving California’s 2030 Greenhouse Gas Target. November 2017. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/ classic//cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf.

ARB. 2021d. California Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2000 to 2019: Trends of Emissions and Other Indicators. July 28, 2021. https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/reports/2000_2019/ ghg_inventory_trends_00-19.pdf.

BCAQMD. 2014. CEQA Air Quality Handbook. Guidelines for Assessing Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impacts for Project Subject to CEQA Review. Adopted October 23, 2014. https://bcaqmd.org/wp-content/uploads/CEQA-Handbook-Appendices-2014.pdf.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

International Energy Agency. 2021. “Data and Statistics.” Accessed April 1, 2021. https://www.iea.org/ data-and-statistics?country=WORLD&fuel=CO2%20emissions&indicator=CO2BySource. 838
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Placeworks. 2021. Butte County 2021 Climate Action Plan. December 14, 2021. https://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Planning/CAP/Butte-County-Final-CAP.pdf?ver=2021- 12-20-135801-597.

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD). 2021. Guide to Air Quality Assessment in Sacramento County. Chapter 6, Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Updated February 26, 2021. http://www.airquality.org/LandUseTransportation/Documents/Ch6GHG2-26-2021.pdf.

Tehama County Air Pollution Control District. 2015. Air Quality Planning and Permitting Handbook.

Guidelines for Assessing Air Quality Impacts. April 2015. http://tehcoapcd.net/PDF/ CEQA%20Handbook%20Mar%202015%20Final.pdf.

USEPA. 2021b. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2019. April 14, 2021. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-04/documents/us-ghg-inventory-2021-maintext.pdf?VersionId=wEy8wQuGrWS8Ef_hSLXHy1kYwKs4.ZaU.

Section 3.9, Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Butte County. 2012. Butte County General Plan 2030. Adopted October 26, 2010. Updated November 6, 2012. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Planning/ButteCountyGeneralPlan2030_ May2018red.pdf?ver=2019-12-18-141822-357.

Butte County. 2019b. Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update. Prepared by Foster Morrison.

October 2019. http://www.buttecounty.net/oem/mitigationplans.

California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CALFIRE). 2008. Fire Hazard Severity Zones Maps. Accessed April 20, 2022. https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/divisions/community-wildfirepreparedness-and-mitigation/wildland-hazards-building-codes/fire-hazard-severity-zonesmaps/. Accessed April 20, 2022.

Caltrans. 2020. Highway Design Manual. Chapter 100 – Basic Design Policies. July 1, 2020. https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/design/documents/chp0100-dec-2020-changesa11y.pdf.

California Office of Emergency Services. 1950. California Disaster and Civil Defense Master Mutual Aid Agreement. November 15, 1950. https://www.caloes.ca.gov/PlanningPreparednessSite/ Documents/CAMasterMutAidAgreement.pdf.
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City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

Envirostor. 2022. Envirostor Database. Accessed April 20, 2022. https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/ public/map/?myaddress=paradise%2C+ca. Accessed April 20, 2022 GeoTracker. 2022. Geotracker Database. Accessed April 20, 2022.https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/profile_report.asp?global_id=T10000013352.

Accessed April 20, 2022.

Google Earth. 2022. Aerial imagery and street view of the study area. Accessed March 20, 2022. https://earth.google.com/web/.

Section 3.10, Hydrology and Water Quality
Butte County. 2000. Chico Urban Area Nitrate Compliance Plan. Program Report and Proposed Implementation Plan for Groundwater Nitrate Compliance in the Chico Urban Area. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/1/NitrateComplianceProgram/Chico_Urban_Area_Nitrate_C ompliance_Plan_Final-2000.pdf.

Butte County. 2010. Butte County General Plan 2030 EIR. April 8, 2010. https://www.buttecounty.net/ dds/Planning/Butte-County-General-Plan.

Butte County. 2016. Butte County Water Inventory and Analysis. Final Report. Butte County Department of Water and Resource Conservation. June. https://www.buttecounty.net/wrcdocs/ Reports/I%26A/2016WI%26AFINAL.pdf.

Butte County. 2021d. Public Works Information Interactive GIS Map. Accessed April 2021 and July 2021. http://gis.buttecounty.net/public/index.html?viewer=pwsearch/.

CDM. 2005. Butte County Integrated Water Resources Plan. May 2005. https://www.buttecounty.net/ waterresourceconservation/integratedwaterresourcesplan.

RWQCB. 2018. The Water Quality Control Plan (Basin Plan) for the California Regional Water Quality Control Board Central Valley Region. Fifth Edition. Revised May 2018. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/water_issues/basin_plans/sacsjr_201805.pdf. 840
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City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

DOC. 2019b. “California Tsunami Map and Data.” Accessed July 17, 2021. https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/tsunami/maps.

California Department of Water Resources (DWR). 2004. “Sacramento Valley Groundwater Basin, Vina Subbasin.” California’s Groundwater Bulletin 118. February 27. https://water.ca.gov/-/media/ DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/Groundwater-Management/Bulletin-118/Files/2003-BasinDescriptions/5_021_57_VinaSubbasin.pdf.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2011. Flood Insurance Rate Maps.

FEMA. 2020. “Flood Zones.” Updated July 8, 2020. https://www.fema.gov/glossary/flood-zones.

Hartman, Susan. 2021. Personal communication with Susan Hartman, Town of Paradise, on November 19, 2021.

NRCS. 2018. “California Hydrologic Units.” US Department of Agriculture. September 5. https://koordinates.com/layer/96058-california-hydrologic-units/.

Peterson, Kelly. 2019. Spring & Fall 2019 Groundwater Level Conditions. Butte County Department of Water and Resource Conservation. http://www.buttecounty.net/wrcdocs/Programs/Monitoring/ GWLevels/2019/2019_Spring_Fall_GWL_graphs.pdf.

Paradise Irrigation District (PID). 2019. Annual Consumer Confidence Report. https://pidwater.com/ docs/about-your-water/water-quality/1750-2019-consumer-confidence-report/file.

SWRCB. 2008. Strategic Plan Summary: 2008–2012. California Water Boards. September. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/board_reference/docs/summary_strategic_plan_2008- 2012.pdf.

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2016. National Levee Database. https://levees.sec.usace.army.mil/#/. Accessed May 19, 2022.

USEPA. 2020. Septic Systems and Surface Water. Accessed September 3, 2021. https://www.epa.gov/septic/septic-systems-and-surface-water. 841
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USEPA. 2021c. Feather and Sacramento Rivers Watersheds. Accessed May 18, 2022. https://www.epa.gov/sfbay-delta/feather-and-sacramento-rivers-watersheds. Accessed May 18, 2022.

USEPA. 2021d. Potential Well Water Contaminants and their Impacts. Accessed September 3, 2021. https://www.epa.gov/privatewells/potential-well-water-contaminants-and-their-impacts.

Section 3.11, Land Use and Planning
Butte County. 2012. Butte County General Plan 2030. Adopted October 26, 2010. Updated November 6, 2012. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Planning/ButteCountyGeneralPlan2030_ May2018red.pdf?ver=2019-12-18-141822-357.

Butte County. 2019a. Butte County Zoning Map. April 2019. https://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/ Docs/Zoning/Zoning_Map_Poster.pdf?ver=2019-04-30-104419-940.

Butte County. 2021b. Development Services Information Interactive GIS Map. Accessed April 2021 and July 30, 2021. http://gis.buttecounty.net/Public/index.html?viewer=dssearch.

Butte County. 2021d. Public Works Information Interactive GIS Map. Accessed April 2021 and July 17, 2001. http://gis.buttecounty.net/public/index.html?viewer=pwsearch/.

City of Chico. 2013. General Plan Diagram. January 1. Accessed April 2021. https://chico.ca.us/sites/ main/files/file-attachments/hiresgpmap.pdf?1577749027.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

City of Chico. 2021c. City of Chico Planning Division Interactive GIS Map. Accessed April 2021. https://chico.gc.facilitiesmap.com/Html5Viewer/Index.html?configBase=https://chico.gc.facilities map.com/Geocortex/Essentials/REST/sites/City_of_Chico_GIS/viewers/HTML5_Viewer/virtuald irectory/Resources/Config/Default&viewer=City_of_Chico_GIS.City_of_Chico_GIS.

Hartman, Susan. 2021. Personal communication with Susan Hartman, Town of Paradise, on November 19, 2021.

Town of Paradise. 2021a. Town of Paradise Interactive GIS Viewer. Accessed April 2021. https://www.townofparadisemapping.com/.

Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants. 2008. Town of Paradise 1994 General Plan. Prepared for Town of Paradise Community Development Department. Amended January 2008. https://www.townofparadise.com/sites/default/files/fileattachments/planning/page/3251/townofp aradise-generalplan_1994.pdf.
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Section 3.12, Noise and Groundborne Vibration
Butte County. 2012. Butte County General Plan 2030. Adopted October 26, 2010. Updated November 6, 2012. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Planning/ButteCountyGeneralPlan2030_ May2018red.pdf?ver=2019-12-18-141822-357.

Butte County. 2021e. Butte County Code. Chapter 41A – Noise Control. Updated February 25, 2021.

Accessed April 1, 2021. https://library.municode.com/ca/butte_county/codes/code_of_ ordinances?nodeId=CH41ANOCO.

Butte County Airport Land Use Commission. 2017. Butte County Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan.

November 15, 2017. https://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Docs/ALUC/BCALUCP_11-15- 17/Butte_County_Airport_Land_Use_Compatibility_Plan_2017-11-15.pdf.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

City of Chico. 2021d. Chico Municipal Code. Chapter 9.38 Noise. Updated January 5, 2021. Accessed April 1, 2021. https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/chico/latest/chico_ca/0-0-0-7450.

Federal Transit Administration (FTA). 2018. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual.

September 2018. https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/docs/research-innovation/ 118131/transit-noise-and-vibration-impact-assessment-manual-fta-report-no-0123_0.pdf.

Google Earth. 2022. Aerial imagery and street view of the study area. Accessed March 20, 2022. https://earth.google.com/web/.

Governor’s Office of Planning and Research. 2017. State of California General Plan 2017 Guidelines.

July 31, 2017. http://opr.ca.gov/docs/OPR_COMPLETE_7.31.17.pdf.

Town of Paradise. 2022d. Municipal Code of Paradise, California. Chapter 9.18 – Noise Control.

Updated May 19, 2022. Accessed June 16, 2022. https://library.municode.com/ca/paradise/ codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=TIT9PUPEMOWE_CH9.18NOCO.

Section 3.13, Population and Housing
Boghani, Priyanka. 2019. “Camp Fire: By the Numbers.” October 29. Accessed April 2021. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/camp-fire-by-the-numbers/.

Butte County. 2012. Butte County General Plan 2030. Adopted October 26, 2010. Updated November 6, 2012. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Planning/ButteCountyGeneralPlan2030_ May2018red.pdf?ver=2019-12-18-141822-357.
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BCAG. 2019b. Provisional Long-Term Regional Growth Forecasts 2018-2040. September 2019. http://www.bcag.org/documents/demographics/pop_emp_projections/Growth_Forecasts_2018- 2040_draft_v2.pdf.

DOF. 2012. E-8 Historical Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, 2000– 2010. November 2012. Accessed June 2021. https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/ estimates/estimates-e8-2000-2010/.

DOF. 2021b. E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State – January 1, 2011–2021. May 2021. Accessed March 2022. https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/ estimates/estimates-e5-2010-2021/.

DOF. 2021c. Personal communication with Douglas Kuczynksi, California Department of Finance, on June 21, 2021.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

Finch, Michael II. 2019. “Research shows where former Paradise residents went after town was wiped out.” The Sacramento Bee. November 20. Accessed June 2021. https://www.sacbee.com/news/ california/fires/article237304364.html.

Section 3.14, Public Services
Butte County. 2010. Butte County General Plan 2030 Draft EIR. April 8, 2010. https://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Docs/GP2030/ButteCountyGP_PublicReview_ EIR.pdf?ver=2019-07-25-160952-113.
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Butte County. 2012. Butte County General Plan 2030. Adopted October 26, 2010. Updated November 6, 2012. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Planning/ButteCountyGeneralPlan2030_ May2018red.pdf?ver=2019-12-18-141822-357.

Butte County. 2022a. “Fire Stations.” Accessed March 15, 2022. https://www.buttecounty.net/fire/ FireFacilities/FireStations#Contact-Fire-Dept-61.

Butte County. 2022b. “Station 44.” Accessed March 15, 2022. https://www.buttecounty.net/fire/ FireFacilities/FireStations/Station44.

Butte County. 2022c. “Butte County Sheriff’s Office.” Accessed March 15, 2022. https://www.buttecounty.net/sheriffcoroner/.

Butte County. 2022d. “About the library.” Accessed March 16, 2022. https://www.buttecounty.net/ bclibrary/aboutthelibrary.

California Highway Patrol (CHP). 2022. “(241) Chico.” Accessed March 16, 2022. https://www.chp.ca.gov/find-an-office/valley-division/offices/(241)-chico.

Chico Fire Department (CFD). 2018. Bi-Annual Report. July 2018. https://chico.ca.us/sites/main/files/ file-attachments/bi-annualreportjan-june2018finalwgoodlink.pdf?1577086381.

Chico Police Department (CPD). 2021. Chico Police Department Policy Manual. June 2021. https://chico.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/chico_pd_ca_policy_ manual.pdf?1627430674.

Chico Unified School District (CUSD). 2019. 2019 Facilities Master Plan Update. Accessed March 29, 2022. http://www.chicousd.org/documents/Business%20Services/Master_Plan_Docs/ Chico%20Booklet%20-%20update%202019v2%20Print%20091120.pdf.

CUSD. 2022. “Our District.” Accessed March 29, 2022. http://www.chicousd.org/Our-District/index.html.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

City of Chico. 2022a. “Chico Fire-Rescue Operations.” Accessed March 15, 2022. https://chico.ca.us/ operations.

City of Chico. 2022b. “Fire Stations and Apparatus.” Accessed March 15, 2022. https://chico.ca.us/post/ fire-stations-and-apparatus.

Google Earth. 2022. Aerial imagery and street view of the study area. Accessed March 20, 2022. https://earth.google.com/web/.

Manson, Rick. 2022. Email communication with Rick Manson, Battalion Chief, Town of Paradise on March 16, 2022.
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Paradise Unified School District (PUSD). 2021. Fiscal Year 2021-22 First Interim Budget. December 2021. Accessed March 17, 2022. https://www.pusdk12.org/documents/Financial/PUSD-FY2021-22-1I-Budget.pdf.

PUSD. 2022. “Schools/Programs.” Accessed March 17, 2022. https://www.pusdk12.org/ SchoolsPrograms/index.html.

Town of Paradise. 2022e. “Fire Department Operations.” Accessed March 15, 2022. https://www.townofparadise.com/fire/page/operations.

Town of Paradise. 2022f. “Police Department About.” Accessed March 16, 2022. https://www.townofparadise.com/police/page/about.

Section 3.15, Recreation
Butte County. 2011. 2011 Butte County Bicycle Plan. June 2011. https://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/ 22/downloads/BikewayMastserPlan/5-23-11%20FINAL%20Draft_County_Bike_ Plan%20June%2014%202011%20with%20Table%20of%20Contents.pdf.

Butte County. 2022e. “Paradise Aquatic Park.” Accessed April 28, 2022. https://www.explorebuttecounty.com/places/paradise-aquatic-park.

Butte Creek Country Club. 2022. “Butte Creek.” Accessed April 28, 2022. https://www.buttecreekcountryclub.com/.

California Department of Parks and Recreation. 2022. “Find a California State Park.” Accessed April 13, 2022. https://www.parks.ca.gov/ParkIndex.

Chico Area Recreation and Park District (CARD). 2021. “About the District.” Accessed May 28, 2021. https://www.chicorec.com/about-the-district.

CARD. 2022. “Parks and Facilities.” Accessed April 28, 2022. https://www.chicorec.com/parks-facilities.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

City of Chico. 2022c. “Parks and Outdoors.” Accessed April 13, 2022. https://chico.ca.us/parksoutdoors. 846
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City of Chico Parks Department. 2008. Bidwell Park Master Management Plan Update. June 2008. https://chico.ca.us/post/bidwell-park-master-management-plan.

City of Chico Parks Department. 2021. Final Vegetative Fuels Management Plan for Parks, Greenways, Preserves, and Open Spaces. February 2021. https://chico.ca.us/sites/main/files/fileattachments/final_vfmp_april_2021.pdf?1618334835.

DWR. 2021. “Lake Oroville Recreation.” Accessed May 28, 2021. https://water.ca.gov/Programs/StateWater-Project/SWP-Facilities/Oroville/Lake-Oroville-Recreation.

Golf Pass. 2022. “Lava Creek Golf Course.” Accessed April 28, 2022. https://www.golfpass.com/traveladvisor/courses/22118-lava-creek-golf-course.

Paradise Recreation and Park District (PRPD). 2021. “About Us.” Accessed May 28, 2021. https://www.paradiseprpd.com/about-us.

Section 3.16, Transportation
Butte County. 2010. Butte County General Plan 2030 Draft EIR. April 8, 2010. https://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Docs/GP2030/ButteCountyGP_PublicReview_ EIR.pdf?ver=2019-07-25-160952-113.

Butte County. 2011. 2011 Butte County Bicycle Plan. June 14, 2011. https://www.buttecounty.net/ Portals/22/downloads/BikewayMastserPlan/5-23-11%20FINAL%20Draft_County_Bike_ Plan%20June%2014%202011%20with%20Table%20of%20Contents.pdf.

BCAG. 2018b. “2013/14 Traffic Counts.” Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.bcag.org/documents/ demographics/traffic_counts/Traffic_Counts_2013-14_web.pdf.

BCAG. 2018c. “2017/18 Traffic Counts.” Accessed July 15, 2021. http://www.bcag.org/documents/ demographics/traffic_counts/BCAG_Traffic_Counts_2018_final_web.pdf.

BCAG. 2019b. Provisional Long-Term Regional Growth Forecasts 2018-2040. September 2019. http://www.bcag.org/documents/demographics/pop_emp_projections/Growth_Forecasts_2018- 2040_draft_v2.pdf.
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BCAG. 2020a. BCAG 2020 RTP Travel Demand Model: Model Development Report. Final. Prepared for Butte County Association of Governments. Prepared by Fehr and Peers. September 2020. http://www.bcag.org/documents/planning/traffic%20model/BCAG_ModelDevelopmentReport_2 020.pdf.

BCAG. 2020b. Butte County 2020 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy.

December 10, 2020. http://www.bcag.org/documents/planning/RTP%20SCS/ 2020%20RTP%20SCS/Document%20Chapters/2020%20RTP%20SCS%20DocumentALL%20REVISED.pdf.

Butte Regional Transit. 2019. Schedules and System Maps. September 1, 2019. http://www.blinetransit.com/documents/B-LineWeb2019.pdf.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

Google Earth. 2022. Aerial imagery and street view of the study area. Accessed March 20, 2022. https://earth.google.com/web/.

Town of Paradise. 2022g. The Town of Paradise Transportation Management Plan. March 2022.

Section 3.17, Tribal Cultural Resources
Birnbaum, Charles and Peters, Christine. 1996. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes. US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Cultural Resource Stewardship and Partnerships, Heritage Preservation Services, Historic Landscape Initiative: Washington D.C.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

Konkow Maidu Cultural Preservation Association. 2021. “About Us.” Accessed September 20, 2021. http://maidu.org/about.html.
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Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria. 2021. “Culture.” Accessed September 20, 2021. https://www.mechoopda-nsn.gov/culture/.

Parker, Patricia L., and Thomas F. King. 1998. Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties. National Register Bulletin 38. US Department of the Interior, National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/NRB38-Completeweb.pdf.

Section 3.18, Utilities and Service Systems
Butte County. 2000. Chico Urban Area Nitrate Compliance Plan. Program Report and Proposed Implementation Plan for Groundwater Nitrate Compliance in the Chico Urban Area. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/1/NitrateComplianceProgram/Chico_Urban_Area_Nitrate_C ompliance_Plan_Final-2000.pdf.

Butte County. 2013. “Power Butte.” 2013. Accessed April 2021. http://power.buttecounty.net/.

Butte County. 2021f. “Household Hazardous Waste.” Accessed April 2021. http://www.buttecounty.net/ recyclebutte/householdhazardouswaste.

California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). 2022. “SWIS Facility/Site Activity Details.” Neal Road Recycling and Waste Facility (04-AA-0002). Accessed April 28, 2022. https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/SolidWaste/SiteActivity/Details/110?siteID=108.

CEC. 2021c. California Electric Infrastructure App. Accessed April 2021. https://cecgiscaenergy.opendata.arcgis.com/apps/california-electric-infrastructure-app/explore.

California Water Service. 2021. “District Information”. Accessed April 2021. https://www.calwater.com/district-information/?dist=ch.

Carollo Engineers. 2022. Regionalization Planning Report for the Paradise Sewer Project. Prepared under the Cooperative Funding Agreement between the City of Chico and the Town of Paradise. May 2022. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/2022-Carollo-Cityof-Chico-Regionalization-Planning-Report.pdf.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.
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City of Chico. 2021a. “Water Pollution Control Plant.” Accessed November 29, 2021. https://chico.ca.us/post/water-pollution-control-plant.

City of Chico. 2021e. “Sewers Collection System Maintenance.” Accessed April 2021. https://chico.ca.us/post/sewers-collection-system-maintenance.

City of Chico. 2021f. Household Hazardous Waste. Accessed April 2021. https://chico.ca.us/post/household-hazardous-waste.

Northern Recycling and Waste Services. 2010. “Our History.” Accessed April 2021. http://northernrecycling.biz/About%20us.html.

PID. 2021. “Home.” Accessed April 2021. https://pidwater.com/.

PG&E. 2021. “Company Profile.” Accessed October 2021. https://www.pge.com/en_US/aboutpge/company-information/profile/profile.page.

Western Area Power Administration. 2021. “About WAPA.” Updated October 8, 2021. Accessed October 2021. https://www.wapa.gov/About/Pages/about.aspx.

Western Electricity Coordinating Council. 2015. “About WECC.” Accessed October 2021. https://www.wecc.org/Pages/home.aspx.

Section 3.19, Wildfire
Butte County. 2007. Butte County Multi-Jurisdictional All Hazard Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan. March 2007. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/19/ButteMHMPMarch2007Resolutions1-8-10.pdf.

Butte County. 2019b. Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update. Prepared by Foster Morrison.

October 2019. http://www.buttecounty.net/oem/mitigationplans.

Butte County. 2020. Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2020-2025. Updated April 23, 2020. Accessed April 7, 2022. https://www.osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/xsap3zcr/2020-btu-fireplan.pdf.

DOF. 2021a. E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, 2011-2020, with 2010 Census Benchmark. May 2021. Accessed March 2022.
https://dof.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/estimates/estimates-e4-2010-2020/. 850
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CALFIRE. 2008. Butte County Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone in LRA. May 28, 2008. Accessed April 7, 2022. https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/6650/fhszl_map4.pdf.

CALFIRE. 2018. 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California. August 22, 2018. Accessed April 7, 2022. https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/5590/2018-strategic-fire-plan-approved-08_22_18.pdf.

CALFIRE. 2019. Community Wildfire Prevention and Mitigation Report. February 22, 2019. https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/5584/45-day-report-final.pdf.

CALFIRE. 2022. “Fire Hazard Severity Zones.” Accessed April 7, 2022. https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/divisions/community-wildfire-preparedness-and-mitigation/wildfirepreparedness/fire-hazard-severity-zones/.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

FEMA. 2022. Town of Paradise Wildfire Mitigation Projects. January 2022. Accessed April 7, 2022. https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema_town-paradise-wildfire-mitigationprojects.pdf.

Paradise Fire Safe Council. 2008. Paradise Fire Safe Council Membership Guide. November 2008.

Accessed April 7, 2022. https://www.paradisefiresafe.org/wp-content/uploads/pfsc_ membership_guide.pdf.

Town of Paradise. 2011. Town of Paradise Emergency Operations Plan. November 2011. Accessed April 7, 2022. https://www.townofparadise.com/sites/default/files/fileattachments/community/ page/22311/2011_town_of_paradise_eop_w_supporting_docs-final_1-12.pdf.

U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Department of Agriculture (DOI and USDA). 2014. The National Strategy: The Final Phase in the Development of the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy. April 2014. https://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/documents/strategy/ strategy/CSPhaseIIINationalStrategyApr2014.pdf.

Weather Atlas. 2022a. “Monthly Weather Forecast and Climate Paradise, CA.” Accessed June 2022. https://www.weather-us.com/en/california-usa/paradise-climate.

Weather Atlas. 2022b. “Monthly Weather Forecast and Climate Chico, CA.” Accessed June 2022. https://www.weather-us.com/en/california-usa/chico-climate. 851
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Chapter 4, Other CEQA Considerations
BCAG. 2019b. Provisional Long-Term Regional Growth Forecasts 2018-2040. September 2019. http://www.bcag.org/documents/demographics/pop_emp_projections/Growth_Forecasts_2018- 2040_draft_v2.pdf.

BCAG. 2022. “Paradise Transit Center.” Accessed June 6, 2022. http://www.bcag.org/Projects/ Paradise-Transit-Center/index.html.

City of Chico. 2021a. “Water Pollution Control Plant.” Accessed November 29, 2021. https://chico.ca.us/ post/water-pollution-control-plant.

City of Chico. 2021g. Chico Urban Area Joint Powers Financing Authority. Nitrate Compliance (Sewer) Area 35. February 19. http://www.buttecounty.net/administration/Nitrate-Compliance-Program.

DOC. 2021c. Butte County 2004-2018 Land Use Summary. In Butte County Historic Land Use Conversion. Accessed July 30, 2021. https://www.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/fmmp/Pages/ Butte.aspx.

Karacsonyi, D., Taylor, A., and Bird, D. 2021. The Demography of Disasters. Impacts for Population and Place. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4.

RWQCB. 2019. Notice of Applicability (NOA), Water Quality Order No. 2014-0153-DWQ-R5309, Tuscan Ridge Base Camp, Wastewater Treatment Facility, Butte County. April 26, 2019. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/rwqcb5/board_decisions/adopted_orders/general_orders/2014- 0153-dwq_noas/2014-0153-dwq-r5309.pdf.

Town of Paradise. 2021b. “Infrastructure Recovery Projects.” January 2021. https://www.townofparadise.com/sites/default/files/fileattachments/recovery/page/2071/ paradise_infrastructure_project_summaries_01-27-2021_public.pdf.

Town of Paradise and Quad Consultants. 2008. Town of Paradise 1994 General Plan. Prepared for Town of Paradise Community Development Department. Amended January 2008. https://www.townofparadise.com/sites/default/files/fileattachments/planning/page/3251/townofp aradise-generalplan_1994.pdf.
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USGS. 2021. “Mineral Resources Online Spatial Data.” Accessed August 5, 2021. https://mrdata.usgs.gov/general/map-us.html#home.

Watkins-Bennett, Linda. 2021. “Bill Introduced to Help Paradise Sewer and Water Projects.” Action News Now. January 21. https://www.actionnewsnow.com/content/news/Bill-Introduced-to-helpParadise-sewer-and-water-projects-573638961.html.

Chapter 5, Alternatives
Bennett Engineering. 2017. Town of Paradise Sewer Project Alternatives Analysis and Feasibility Report: Determining a Preferred Option for Implementation. June 21, 2017. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Paradise-Sewer-Project-Report-StaffReport-dated-062117.pdf.

Butte County. 2021b. Development Services Information Interactive GIS Map. Accessed April 2021 and July 30, 2021. http://gis.buttecounty.net/Public/index.html?viewer=dssearch.

Butte County. 2021d. Public Works Information Interactive GIS Map. Accessed April 2021 and July 2021. http://gis.buttecounty.net/public/index.html?viewer=pwsearch/.

Butte County Airport Land Use Commission. 2017. Butte County Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan.

November 15, 2017. https://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Docs/ALUC/BCALUCP_11-15-17/ Butte_County_Airport_Land_Use_Compatibility_Plan_2017-11-15.pdf.

CALFIRE. 2008. Butte County Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone in LRA. May 28, 2008. Accessed April 7, 2022. https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/6650/fhszl_map4.pdf.

City of Chico. 2017. Chico 2030 General Plan. Adopted April 2011. Amended March 2017. https://chico.ca.us/post/chico-2030-general-plan.

City of Chico. 2020b. City of Chico Zoning Map. July 1, 2020. https://chico.ca.us/sites/main/files/fileattachments/citywebmap_zoning20170901aug2017.pdf?1594054713.

DOC. 2019a. “Earthquake Zones of Required Investigation.” California Geological Survey. Updated April 4, 2019. https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/EQZApp/.

DOC. 2021b. Butte County Important Farmland Map 2018. March 2021. https://www.conservation.ca.gov/dlrp/fmmp/Pages/Butte.aspx.

FEMA. 2020. “Flood Zones.” Updated July 8, 2020. https://www.fema.gov/glossary/flood-zones.

Google Earth. 2022. Aerial imagery and street view of the study area. Accessed March 20, 2022. https://earth.google.com/web/.
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Hartman, Susan. 2021. Personal communication with Susan Hartman, Town of Paradise, on November 19, 2021.

HDR. 2020. Local Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Alternatives. Technical Memorandum #4, Paradise Sewer Project. November 11, 2020. https://paradisesewer.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2022/05/2020-HDR-Technical-Memo-4-Local-Wastewater-Treatment-and-Disposal-withoutAppendix.pdf.

RWQCB. 2018. The Water Quality Control Plan (Basin Plan) for the California Regional Water Quality Control Board Central Valley Region. Fifth Edition. Revised May 2018. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/centralvalley/water_issues/basin_plans/sacsjr_201805.pdf SWRCB. 2010. 2010 Update to Strategic Plan 2008-2012. June 2010. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/ water_issues/hot_topics/strategic_plan/docs/2010/final_strategic_plan_update_report_062310. pdf.

Paradise City CouncilNovember 7, 2022

Paradise City Council
November 7, 2022