Packet 08.23.2022 — Salinas City Council, August 23, 2022 (part 1 of 6)

Tuesday, August 23, 2022
4:00 PM
City of Salinas
200 Lincoln Ave., Salinas, CA 93901
www.cityofsalinas.org

SALINAS ROTUNDA
City Council
Mayor Kimbley Craig
Councilmembers:

Carla Viviana González, District 1 - Tony Barrera, District 2 Steve McShane, District 3 - Orlando Osornio, District 4 Christie Cromeenes, District 5 - Anthony Rocha, District 6 Steven S. Carrigan, City Manager
Christopher A. Callihan, City Attorney
City Clerk’s Office: (831) 758-7381
Meeting Agenda - Final
City Council Meeting Agenda - Final August 23, 2022

PUBLIC NOTICE
This meeting is being conducted consistent with State of California Executive Order N-29-20 dated March 17, 2020, regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The public may view the meeting on television and/or online and may participate in-person in the Council Chamber.

PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

ROLL CALL

COMMENDATIONS
Tavares Family Car Club Mega Show

PUBLIC COMMENT PROCEDURES
If you wish to make a general public comment or comment on a specific agenda item, you are encouraged to attended the City Council meeting in person. Public comment may also be submitted via email at [email protected] and will be entered into the record.

PUBLIC COMMENT TIME RESTRICTIONS
Public comments generally are limited to two minutes per speaker; the Mayor may further limit the time for public comments depending on the agenda schedule.

GENERAL PUBLIC COMMENTS
Receive public communications on items that are not on the agenda and that are in the City of Salinas’ subject matter jurisdiction. Comments on Consent, Consideration, and Closed session items should be held until the items are reached. The public may request that the legislative body consider adding an item for consideration on a future agenda. The public may comment on scheduled agenda items, including closed session items, as they are considered.

PUBLIC HEARINGS
HOME Investment Partnership Program - American Rescue Plan (HOME-ARP) Allocation Plan, continued to October 4, 2022

CONSIDERATION
ID#22-447 An Ordinance Amending Article XVI of Chapter 20 Recommendation: Adopt an Ordinance amending Article XVI of Chapter 20 of the Salinas Municipal Code to update the regulations governing food trucks, ice cream trucks, nonmotorized pushcarts and street vendors (Vendor Ordinance).

ID#22-449 An Ordinance Adding Sections to Chapter 27 of the Salinas Municipal Code Pertaining to Military Equipment
City of Salinas Page 2 Printed on 8/17/2022
City Council Meeting Agenda - Final August 23, 2022
Recommendation: Adopt an Ordinance adding sections to Chapter 27 of the Salinas Municipal Code pertaining to Military Equipment Funding, Acquisition, and Use as required by Assembly Bill 481.

ADMINISTRATIVE REPORTS
ID#22-457 Salinas’ American Rescue Plan Update
Recommendation: No action required. This report presents information to the City Council regarding the City's various Council-adopted projects included in the Salinas recovery under the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) of 2021.

ID#22-459 Commercial Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report Recommendation: No action required. This report presents information to the City Council regarding the Commercial Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report.

CONSENT AGENDA
All matters listed under Consent Agenda may be enacted by one motion unless a member of the Council or the public requests discussion or a separate vote.

ID#22-366 Minutes
Recommendation: Approve minutes of June 14, 2022.

ID#22-436 Minutes
Recommendation: Approve minutes of June 21, 2022 and August 9, 2022.

ID#22-471 Financial Claims
Recommendation: Approve financial claims report.

ID#22-375 Agreement with Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau to continue operation of California Welcome Center
Recommendation: Approve a Resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute an Agreement with the Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau to continue operation of California Welcome Center in Salinas.

ID#22-406 2022 Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Recommendation: Approve a resolution approving the Hazard Mitigation Plan to ensure grant eligibility of the City of Salinas.

ID#22-410 Direct Purchase of Fire Vehicles
Recommendation: Approve a Resolution amending the purchases in previously approved Resolution No. 22329 to include a price increase of up to 25% to each of the vehicles included and the direct purchase of one Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV), associated equipment, outside installation services and signage, for a total cost not to exceed $ 320,044.98.

ID#22-418 Direct Purchase of One Hunter Alignment System Recommendation: Approve a Resolution authorizing the direct purchase of one Hunter Alignment Rack System from Mohawk Lifts LLC at a cost of $88,250.25.

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City Council Meeting Agenda - Final August 23, 2022
ID#22-420 “Green City” Master Plan
Recommendation: Approve a Resolution approving a Professional Services Agreement in an amount not to exceed $600,000 between the City of Salinas and Craftwater Engineering, Inc for the "Green City" Master Plan.

ID#22-435 Bardin Road Safe Routes to School Improvement Project, CIP 9218 and the California Conservation Corps.

Recommendation: Approve a Resolution authorizing an agreement with the California Conservation Corps for the planting and landscaping of the Bardin Road Safe Routes to School Improvement Project No. 9218, ATPL-5045(031) and authorize the City Manager to execute all necessary documents related to the agreement.

ID#22-441 California Violence Intervention Prevention (CalVIP) Program Cohort 4 Grant Acceptance
Recommendation: Approve a Resolution approving an Agreement with the Board of State and Community Corrections accepting the California Violence Intervention and Prevention grant award in the amount of $3,130,453 for the period retroactive to July 1, 2022, through December 31, 2025, and establishment of the Cal VIP Cohort 4 appropriation totaling $3,130,453 and corresponding revenue budget as described in our grant budget with a 100% match requirement of $3,145,624.

ID#22-442 Federal Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) Award Grant Acceptance Recommendation: Approve a Resolution authorizing the City Manager or designee to accept the Urban Area Security Initiative grant award and execute all required agreements and related documents necessary to receive the funds.

ID#22-444 New Traffic Signal at East Alisal Street and Murphy Street, Project No. 9094 Recommendation: Approve a Resolution approving Contract Change Order No. 2 to Bear Electrical Solutions, Inc. for the New Traffic Signal at East Alisal Street and Murphy Street, Project No. 9094 in the amount of $12,238.99 and authorize the Public Works Director to execute all necessary documents related to Change Order No. 2, and authorize the Public Works Director to issue Contract Change Orders for the New Traffic Signal at East Alisal Street and Murphy Street, Project No. 9094 up to an additional 10% ($73,633.50) of the awarded contract price.

ID#22-446 Surplus Vehicles and Equipment for Disposition Recommendation: Approve a Resolution declaring vehicles and equipment surplus and authorizing their disposal through auction or recycling.

ID#22-448 Service Agreement for purchase of playground equipment and playground repairs
Recommendation: Approve a Resolution authorizing the City Manager to enter into an Agreement with Miracle Playsystems for the purchase of playground equipment and labor to repair playground structures at designated locations.

ID#22-450 Direct Purchase of Equipment for Police SWAT and VSTF Teams Recommendation: Approve a Resolution authorizing the direct purchase of two Daniel Defense MK 18 rifles, two breaching shotguns, and one Heckler & Koch MP5K-N gun for a total cost not to exceed $7,882.25.

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City Council Meeting Agenda - Final August 23, 2022
ID#22-451 Professional Services Agreement with Economic & Planning Systems, Inc. for Preparation of an Agriculture Economic and Land Use Study.

Recommendation: Approve a Resolution authorizing the City Manager to enter into a Professional Services Agreement with Economic & Planning Systems, Inc. for preparation of an Agriculture Economic and Land Use Study, for an amount not to exceed $184, 860.

ID#22-452 Direct Purchase of Playground Surfacing Material Recommendation: Approve a Resolution authorizing the direct purchase of engineered wood fiber surfacing material from Jet Mulch Inc. in an amount not to exceed $340,000.00 for 24 playgrounds located throughout the City's park system.

ID#22-454 Clean California State Beautification Program Cooperative and Maintenance Agreements for the Salinas-Alisal Vibrancy Neighborhood Beautification Project
Recommendation: Approve a Resolution authorizing the Mayor to execute a Cooperative Agreement and any amendments thereto with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) authorizing the City's contribution of $100,000 for the Clean California State Beautification Salinas-Alisal Vibrancy Neighborhood Beautification Project along highway 101; and authorizing the Mayor to execute a Maintenance Agreement and any amendments thereto with the Caltrans for the maintenance of the Project.

ID#22-458 Salinas Police Managers Association Memorandum of Understanding and Mortification to Classification-Salary Schedule
Recommendation: Approve a Resolution authorizing the City Manager to sign a new Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the City of Salinas and the Salinas Police Managers Association (SPMA) for a term through December 31, 2024, and also authorizing a modification to the Classification - Salary Schedule.

COUNCILMEMBERS’ REPORTS, APPOINTMENTS AND FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS Receive communication from Councilmembers on reports, appointments and future agenda items. Councilmember comments are generally limited to three minutes.

CLOSED SESSION
Receive public communications from the audience on Closed session items.

The City Council will recess to closed session pursuant to:

ID#22-474 a. Pending Litigation - California Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1), conference with legal counsel regarding, Santa Rita Union High School District, et al. v. City of Salinas et al., Monterey County Superior Court Case No. 20CV000242 b. Pending Litigation - California Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1), conference with legal counsel regarding, Alisal Union School District, et al. v. City of Salinas, et al., Monterey County Superior Court Case No. 20CV003402

ADJOURNMENT
_____________________________
Alexis Mejia, Assistant City Clerk
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City Council Meeting Agenda - Final August 23, 2022

AGENDA MATERIAL / ADDENDUM
Any addendums will be posted within 72 hours of regular meetings or 24 hours of special meetings and in accordance with Californian Government Code Section 54954.2, unless otherwise allowed under the Brown Act. City Council agenda item reports may be viewed at the Salinas City Clerk’s Office, 200 Lincoln Avenue, Salinas, and are posted on the City’s website at www.cityofsalinas.org via the hyperlinks provided on the agenda. The City Council may take action that is different than the proposed action reflected on the agenda.

Disability-related modification or accommodation, including auxiliary aids or services, may be requested by any person with a disability who requires a modification or accommodation in order to participate in the meeting. Requests should be referred to the City Clerk’s Office At 200 Lincoln Avenue, Salinas, 758-7381, as soon as possible but by no later than 5 p.m. of the last business day prior to the meeting. Hearing impaired or TTY/TDD text telephone users may contact the city by dialing 711 for the California Relay Service (CRS) or by telephoning any other service providers’ CRS telephone number.

PUBLIC NOTIFICATION
This agenda was posted on Wednesday, August 17, 2022 at the City Clerk’s Office, in the Council Rotunda, and the City's website.

Meetings are streamed live at https://salinas.legistar.com/Calendar.aspx and televised live on Channel 25 at 4 p.m. on the date of the regularly scheduled meeting and will be broadcast throughout the day on the Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Monday following the meeting. For the most up-to-the-minute Broadcast Schedule for The Salinas Channel on Comcast 25, please visit or subscribe to our Google Calendar located at http://tinyurl.com/salinas25. Recent City Council meetings may also be viewed on the Salinas Channel on YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/thesalinaschannel.

City of Salinas Page 6 Printed on 8/17/2022
City of Salinas
Legislation Text
200 Lincoln Ave., Salinas,
CA 93901
www.cityofsalinas.org
File #: ID#22-447, Version: 1
An Ordinance Amending Article XVI of Chapter 20
Adopt an Ordinance amending Article XVI of Chapter 20 of the Salinas Municipal Code to update the regulations governing food trucks, ice cream trucks, nonmotorized pushcarts and street vendors (Vendor Ordinance).

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CITY OF SALINAS

COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
DATE: AUGUST 23, 2022
DEPARTMENT: PUBLIC WORKS AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
FROM: DAVID JACOBS, PE, PLS, DIRECTOR

MEGAN HUNTER, DIRECTOR
THROUGH: ADRIANA ROBLES, PE, CFM, CITY ENGINEER

LISA BRINTON, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
BY: FERNANDO RIZO-GONZALEZ, ASSISTANT ENGINEER

OSCAR RESENDIZ, ASSOCIATE PLANNER

CYSTAL CASILLAS, BUSINESS NAVIGATOR

LORENZO SANCHEZ, CODE ENFORECEMENT MANAGER

ALEXIS MEJIA, ASSISTANT CITY CLERK
TITLE: ORDINANCE AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE XVI OF CHAPTER 20 RECOMMENDED MOTION:

A motion to adopt an Ordinance amending Article XVI of Chapter 20 of the Salinas Municipal Code to update the regulations governing food trucks, ice cream trucks, nonmotorized pushcarts and street vendors (Vendor Ordinance).

RECOMMENDATION:

It is recommended that the City Council adopt an Ordinance amending Article XVI of Chapter 20 of the Salinas Municipal Code to update the regulations governing food trucks, ice cream trucks, nonmotorized pushcarts and street vendors (Vendor Ordinance).

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

On September 21, 2021 the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 2650 amending the Vendor Ordinance which became effective on October 21, 2021. The proposed ordinance presented in this Report includes amendments to address vendor concerns brought forward to City Council during the vendor program update on April 12, 2022. Proposed changes have been vetted with a majority of current food vendors. The proposed Vendor Ordinance Amendments provide vendors a more comprehensive program tailored for vendor business needs while ensuring community health and safety.

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Amendments include:
1) expanding the hours of operation for roaming food trucks from four (4) to six (6) hours to allow them additional time for set up and break down so that they can maximize their business operation,
2) restricting nonmotorized pushcarts and ice cream truck vendors from operating within a twohundred-foot distance from schools to reduce the potential for pedestrian safety hazards, and 3) establishing the frequency of occupation for designated food truck locations and the revocation process if a designated space is not occupied according to regulations.

BACKGROUND:

During the April 12, 2022 City Council meeting vendor program update, staff was instructed to revisit the program to alleviate some of issues vendors had expressed regarding the program. To support this effort, staff conducted additional outreach with community stakeholders and vendors.

Following an additional survey of vendors, a meeting was conducted on June 23, 2022 at the PAL building where all Designated and Roaming food truck vendors were invited and were presented with staff’s recommended ordinance amendments. Vendors were given the opportunity to pose questions and concerns on the recommended amendments and to vote on their preferred amendments.

In conjunction, staff presented the recommended ordinance amendments to the Small Business Economic and Recovery Taskforce at their quarterly meeting held on August 04, 2022. Based on this outreach, refinement of recommended amendments has been completed and are outlined in this report.

DISCUSSION:

Additional Survey and Findings
In response to City Council direction, staff conducted a survey open to both Designated and Roaming food truck vendors. The survey was conducted in both Spanish and English by the Vendor Program Task Force comprised of City staff from Development Engineering, Code Enforcement, Project Implementation and Economic Development Division. In addition, City staff actively performed site visits at food truck vending locations and conducted phone calls to collect and increase the number of survey responses. A total of 47 vendors were surveyed including seven (7) Roaming and 40 Designated food truck vendors. The survey was composed of five (5) open ended questions with common vendor responses/findings summarized in Table 1 below. Survey questions and responses are also provided as an attachment to this report.

Table 1: Food Truck Vendor Survey Results
Question Common Responses/Findings

1. What would you change about the
Vendor Ordinance to best suit your
business needs?
 16 - vendors were not satisfied with their
assigned vending locations.
 18 - vendors were satisfied with the ordinance
and would not recommend any changes.
 5 - vendors requested more frequent vendor
enforcement.

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2. What hours of operation work best
for your business and why?
 35 - designated vendors responded that
current vending hours worked for their
business.
 5 – designated vendors would like to extend
hours of operation, specifically designated
vendors adjacent a city park.
 6 - roaming vendors requested expansion of
hours of operation
 1 - roaming vendor was satisfied with current
hours of operation

3. What are your thoughts on your
current vending location(s)? Do you
have suggestions on how to improve
the benefits of that location?
 16 - designated vendors were not satisfied
with their vending locations and would like to
be relocated. Spots were described as
“secluded”, “not visible”, and complained
about having very low foot traffic.
 24 - designated vendors were satisfied with
their assigned vending locations.
 9 - designated vendors complained about the
conditions of sidewalk.
 5 - designated vendors had problems with the
homeless population affecting their business.
 6 - designated vendors complained about
limited parking for costumers.

4. What additional improvement
recommendations do you have on the
Vendor Program?
 5 - vendors would like to see more frequent
vendor enforcement and homeless outreach
services.
 4 - vendors would like the CUP process to be
more lenient and more affordable

5. Do you have any additional concerns
you would like to inform us of?
 5 - vendors requested additional resources for
business growth including social media
promotion, creation of google business profile
and possible creation of a vending hub similar
to farmers markets.
 6 - vendors expressed concerns over the
vendor program enforcement and would more
frequent vendor enforcement during the night.

Program Goals Prioritization and Additional Outreach
Following review of the survey findings, the Vendor Program task force developed short-term, midterm and long-term goals based on the vendor responses summarized above. Table 2 below shows the goals identified and their prioritization. These goals and prioritization were presented to both Roaming and Designated vendors at a food truck vendor meeting hosted by City staff at the PAL building on June 23, 2022. At this meeting vendors were giving the opportunity to vote on staff recommended food truck vendor program policy changes and proposed ordinance amendments.

Table 2 shows staff recommended program policy changes and ordinance amendments that were accepted by most of the vendors present at the meeting. A total of twenty (20) food truck vendors Page | 4
attended the meeting and the average acceptance to the City staff recommendations was eighty percent (80%).

Table 2: Food Truck Vendor Program Priorities & Goals
Priority Designation Current Ordinance
Short-term Goals

1. Amend Vendor Ordinance to extend Roaming food
truck permit hours from 8AM to 8PM to 6AM to 10PM.

2. Amend Vendor Ordinance to allow Roaming food truck
vendors to vend 6 hours at a single location.

3. Amend Vendor Ordinance to require Designated food
truck locations to be occupied at least once within 30
days.

4. Host seminars for business practices and procedures.

Midterm Goals

1. Relocate unsatisfied Designated vendors on a case by case based on site analysis conducted by staff and in
coordination with vendors.

2. Create temporary Roaming vendor permits for
Designated vendors to roam.

Long-term Goals

1. Explore the creation of monthly vending hubs in City streets or on City owned properties.

2. Conduct a fee schedule analysis for vendor permits.

Short-term goals are being addressed with this report and proposed ordinance amendments. The Vendor Program task force has developed a time frame for possible completion on action items not addressed in this report and identified in Table 2. (Midterm and Long-term goals). Midterm goals have been given a time frame of completion of 6-12 months, while Long-term goals have been given one (1) year or more. Furthermore, goals identified as Midterm goals do not require further City Council approval or additional program funding allocation. Midterm goals can be achieved via changes in vendor permitting policies and if necessary, coordination with the City’s Traffic and Transportation Commission. Long-term goals may require City Council approval and additional funding allocation.

Following the April 12, 2022 City Council meeting staff received calls from several school principals concerned about the safety of their students. Vending in these areas has created hazardous conditions for students while crossing streets and congregating near high traffic intersections. Code Enforcement has begun working with schools on possible solutions to their concerns. In an effort to reduce the traffic conflicts at schools, staff is also recommending a two hundred (200) foot setback for nonmotorized pushcarts, street vendors and ice cream trucks near schools.

CEQA CONSIDERATION:

Not a Project. The City of Salinas has determined that the proposed action is not a project as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (CEQA Guidelines Section 15378). Any subsequent discretionary projects resulting from this action will be assessed for CEQA applicability.

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STRATEGIC PLAN INITIATIVE:

This staff report and recommended ordinance amendments align with the City Council strategic plan initiatives of Economic Development, Public Safety and Effective and Culturally Responsive Government. Expanding the hours of operation for Roaming food trucks allows them to maximize their business operation. Restricting nonmotorized pushcarts and street vendors and ice cream trucks from operating within a two-hundred-foot distance will reduce the potential for pedestrian safety hazards with block sidewalks and limited visibility at street crossings. The proposed amendments and mid- and long-term goals were developed with vendor input obtained through surveys and in person meetings.

DEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION
Staff from the Public Works Department (Development Engineering Division) and the Community Development Department (Code Enforcement, Project Implementation and Economic Development Division) comprise the Vendor Program task force. The task force meets regularly and continues to work on addressing vendor issues.

FISCAL AND SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT:

No additional funding is requested for the proposed ordinance amendments. The proposed changes are programmatic. Staff time is budgeted in each divisions home accounts.

ATTACHMENTS

1. Ordinance Amendment

2. Vendor Questionnaire

3. Vendor Questionnaire Follow Up Meeting Presentation
ORDINANCE NO. (N.C.S.)
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING ARTICLE XVI OF CHAPTER 20 OF THE SALINAS

MUNICIPAL CODE UPDATING THE REGULATIONS GOVERING FOOD

TRUCKS, ICE CREAM TRUCKS, NONMOTORIZED PUSHCARTS AND STREET

VENDORS
City Attorney’s Impartial Analysis
This Ordinance amends a section of Chapter 20 of the Salinas Municipal Code to expand the program in response to concerns presented to City Council by food truck vendors.

WHEREAS, the primary purpose of the public right-of-way is for use by vehicle and pedestrian traffic; and
WHEREAS, in 2021, the City Council enacted Ordinance No. 2650 to amend article XVI of Chapter 20 of the Salinas Municipal Code updating the regulations governing food trucks, ice cream trucks, nonmotorized pushcarts and street vendors; and WHEREAS, Resolution No. 22198 approved by the Council established fifty-two (52) designated food truck locations on September 21, 2021; and WHEREAS, conducting business on city streets from a food truck may have negative land use, public safety, and traffic impacts which the city desires to regulate; and WHEREAS, nonmotorized pushcart or ice cream truck vendor operating and conducting business on the sidewalks or street shoulder in the vicinity of elementary, middle or high schools, or other K-12 schools or educational facilities may limit pedestrian access to safe walking paths and may also obstruct the views of approaching vehicles. Restricting nonmotorized pushcarts and ice cream truck vendors from operating within a two-hundred-foot distance will reduce the potential for such safety hazards; and
WHEREAS, on June 23, 2022, the vendor task force conducted a follow-up meeting to provide a summary of findings from the vendor survey conducted in May 2022. This meeting provided the task force guidance in recommending improvements to the program; and WHEREAS, it is recognized that operating a roaming food truck involves mobilization and de-mobilization at a chosen location which significantly reduces the hours of operation for a roaming vendor; and
WHEREAS, the vendor ordinance does not regulate the use of designated locations; potentially allowing vendors to leave designated locations unutilized for extended periods which the city would like to prevent.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF SALINAS AS FOLLOWS:

SECTION 1.Recitals. The above recitals are true and correct and are bythisreference incorporated herein in their entirety.

SECTION 2. Article XVI of Chapter 20 of the Salinas Municipal Code is hereby amended as follows (Revisions are shown in underline/strikethrough text):

Sec. 20-16.110. - Nonmotorized pushcarts and vendors—Operating restrictions. (i) No nonmotorized pushcart or street vendor shall operate within two hundred feet of any elementary, middle or high school, or other K-12 school or educational facility, whether public or private. The two-hundred-foot distance shall be measured from the property line of the school closest to the pushcart.

Sec. 20-16-120. – Ice cream trucks – Operating restrictions. (l) No ice cream truck owner or operator shall operate within two hundred feet of any elementary, middle or high school, or other K-12 school or educational facility, whether public or private. The two-hundred-foot distance shall be measured from the property line of the school closest to the ice cream truck.

Sec. 20-16.130. Food trucks—Operating restrictions.
(d) An owner or operator of a food truck that sells, offer for sale, displays, disperses, or permits, any food, food item or beverage from any food truck not from a designated location may do so only between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. for a period not to exceed four six hours at a single location and not within five hundred feet of the same address or location or on the same street. Except as otherwise provided in this section, it shall be unlawful for any person to operate any food truck in any such manner at any other time.
(aa) Designated food truck locations shall be occupied on a weekly basis. The owner of a food truck shall notify the City Engineer if a designated location will be left vacant for an extended period. Failure to not occupy a designated location within a thirty (30) day period without notification shall result in the revocation of the designated location and vendor permit.

SECTION 3. CEQA CONSIDERATIONS. The amendment is “Not a Project” under CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3). This exemption is allowed when the activity, in this case adoption of the ordinance, does not have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment. The proposed Ordinance Amendment includes refinements to vendor operation restrictions in the public right-of-way.

SECTION 4. SEVERABILITY. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of any court of any competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The Salinas City Council hereby declares that it would have passed this ordinance, and each and every section, subsection, clause and phrase thereof not declared invalid or unconstitutional without regard to whether any portion of the ordinance would be subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional.

SECTION 5. EFFECTIVE DATE. This ordinance shall take effect and be in force thirty (30) days from and after its adoption.

PASSED AND ADOPTED this 23rd day of August 2022, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT: APPROVED:
_________________________________
Kimbley Craig, Mayor
ATTEST:
___________________________________
Patricia M. Barajas, City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
____________________________________
Christopher A. Callihan, City Attorney
Vendor Questionnaire

1. What would you change with the Vendor Ordinance to best suit your business needs? / ¿Qué cambiaría de la Ordenanza de Vendores Ambulantes para adaptarse mejor a las necesidades de su negocio?

2. What hours of operation work best for your business and why? / ¿Qué horario funcionaria mejor para su negocio y porqué?

3. What are your thoughts on your current vending location(s)? Do you have suggestions on how to improve the benefits of that location? / ¿Qué opina sobre su ubicacion de venta actual? ¿Tiene alguna sugerencia en cómo mejorar los beneficios de su ubicacion?

4. What additional improvement recommendations do you have on the Vendor Program? / ¿Qué recomendaciones adicionales tiene para mejorar el Programa de Vendedores Ambulates?

5. Do you have any additional concerns you would like to inform us of? / ¿Tiene algún comentario adicional del cual le gustaría informarnos?

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City of Salinas
Legislation Text
200 Lincoln Ave., Salinas,
CA 93901
www.cityofsalinas.org
File #: ID#22-449, Version: 1
An Ordinance Adding Sections to Chapter 27 of the Salinas Municipal Code Pertaining to Military Equipment
Adopt an Ordinance adding sections to Chapter 27 of the Salinas Municipal Code pertaining to Military Equipment Funding, Acquisition, and Use as required by Assembly Bill 481.

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CITY OF SALINAS

COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
DATE: AUGUST 23, 2022
DEPARTMENT: SALINAS POLICE DEPARTMENT
FROM: ROBERTO FILICE, CHIEF OF POLICE
BY: JAMES GODWIN, POLICE SERGEANT

TONYA ERICKSON, POLICE SERVICES ADMINISTRATOR
TITLE: AN ORDINANCE ADDING SECTIONS TO CHAPTER 27 OF THE

SALINAS MUNICIPAL CODE PERTAINING TO MILITARY

EQUIPMENT
RECOMMENDED MOTION:

A motion to adopt an Ordinance adding sections to Chapter 27 of the Salinas Municipal Code pertaining to Military Equipment Funding, Acquisition, and Use as required by Assembly Bill 481.

RECOMMENDATION:

Staff recommends that City Council adopt an Ordinance adding sections to Chapter 27 of the Salinas Municipal code pertaining to Military Equipment Funding, Acquisition, and Use, as required by Assembly Bill 481.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

Assembly Bill 481 (AB 481 or the Bill), codified in Government Code sections 7070 through 7075 requires a law enforcement agency (LEA) to obtain approval from the applicable governing body prior to the funding, acquisition, or use of “Military Equipment” as defined by the Bill. This approval is obtained via the adoption of a “Military Equipment” policy by Ordinance. The Salinas Police Department (SPD) seeks Salinas City Council adoption of the attached Military Equipment policy to allow SPD to continue using the vital equipment specified therein. Items deemed to be “Military Equipment” by AB 481 are used as a component of overall best practices for LEAs throughout the country. These tools have been utilized by SPD and other law enforcement agencies to enhance community and officer safety. Loss of these items would jeopardize the welfare of both our community and the peace officers within SPD. The Ordinance was initially presented to City Council on April 26, 2022 and returns now for a second reading.

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BACKGROUND:

On September 30, 2021, Governor Newsom signed AB 481 – Military Equipment Funding, Acquisition, and Use into law. The Bill designates fifteen categories of police equipment items as Military Equipment. AB 481 requires SPD to obtain approval of the City Council, by an ordinance adopting a military equipment policy, prior to any of the following activities:

1. Requesting military equipment made available pursuant to Section 2576a of Title 10 of the United States Code.

2. Seeking funds for military equipment, including, but not limited to, applying for a grant, soliciting or accepting private, local, state, or federal funds, in-kind donations, or other donations or transfers.

3. Acquiring military equipment either permanently or temporarily, including by borrowing or leasing.

4. Collaborating with another law enforcement agency in the deployment or other use of military equipment within the city limits.

5. Using any new or existing military equipment for a purpose, in a manner, or by a person not previously approved by the City Council pursuant to this chapter.

6. Soliciting or responding to a proposal for, or entering into an agreement with, any other person or entity to seek funds for, apply to receive, acquire, use, or collaborate in the use of, military equipment.

7. Acquiring military equipment through any means not identified above.

All new acquisitions from January 1, 2022 forward require approval by City Council. To continue using existing Military Equipment, SPD was required to initiate the approval process no later than May 1, 2022. The City Council must adopt an Ordinance within 180 days of the submission of the Military Equipment use policy which occurred on March 29, 2022. If not adopted, SPD must cease the usage of this equipment until it receives approval from the Council.

On March 23, 2022, SPD published information about AB 481 – Military Equipment Funding, Acquisition, and Use on the Department’s webpage, with a hyperlink to an identical Spanish language webpage. This website can be accessed at https://salinaspd.com/assembly-bill-481/. The webpage contains the AB 481 defined list of police equipment deemed Military Equipment by numbered category and identifies each category of equipment SPD possesses. The webpage contains several hyperlinks to additional information, including the full text of AB 481, the SPD Military Equipment policy, and the Military Equipment inventory currently in SPD’s possession.

The webpage also contains a hyperlink to a webform where community members may ask questions, make comments, or voice concerns. Answers to those questions, and responses to the comments or concerns, are found by accessing another hyperlink. Finally, for those wishing to make a formal complaint, a hyperlink directs them to the complaint process webpage. SPD has and will continue to update this webpage as equipment inventory changes, and as usage and cost data is tracked. The webpage will remain available so long as Military Equipment is available for use.

This topic and the associated Ordinance were initially presented to City Council on April 26, 2022.

Since the initial presentation to City Council, Salinas Police Department (SPD) staff has conducted education and outreach activities surrounding AB 481 and the equipment via social media, the Page | 3
Department’s webpage, and during special events and public meetings. SPD staff and the AB 481 equipment was available for public viewing and discussion during SPD’s 150th Anniversary Event on June 4, 2022, and during the Salinas Valley Chamber of Commerce/Salinas United Business Association Mixer on August 11, 2022. SPD also presented an update to the Police Community Advisory Committee (PCAC), and hosted a Community Meeting, on July 27, 2022. Though we have received no questions via the Department’s webpage, the most common question received when doing outreach and education has been related to usage and ongoing cost of the equipment.

We have explained that while AB 481 does require close tracking of this data upon passage of the Ordinance, there has not been a requirement to do so prior. While SPD does have limited usage and ongoing cost data, we lack confidence in the production of this information given the absence of a structured system to ensure data was consistently and accurately captured. We look forward to future presentations of usage and cost data, as outlined below, upon passage of this Ordinance.

Once the Ordinance is adopted, SPD must take additional steps and seek renewal of the Ordinance annually thereafter to continue using Military Equipment. First, SPD must complete an Annual Military Equipment Report for each type of Military Equipment which will include a summary of how the equipment was used and the purpose of its use, complaints or concerns received regarding the equipment, the results of any internal audits including violations of the Policy and actions taken in response, the total annual cost of the equipment and the source of the funds, the quantity of each type of equipment, and if additional acquisitions are sought in the next year. Within 30 days of submitting and publicly releasing the Report, SPD will hold a community engagement meeting where the public may discuss and ask questions about the Annual Military Equipment Report.

Before adopting the Ordinance, the Council must determine several factors:
1) The Military Equipment is necessary because there is no reasonable alternative that can achieve the same objective of officer and community member safety. 2) The proposed military equipment use policy will safeguard the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties.
3) If purchasing additional equipment, it is reasonably cost effective compared to available alternatives that can achieve the same objectives of officer and community member safety. 4) Use of Military Equipment complied with the Policy that was in effect at the time of the use, or if prior uses did not comply with the Policy, corrective action has been taken to remedy non-conformance and ensure future compliance.

Once the Ordinance is adopted, CityCouncil must review the Ordinance annually and vote whether to renew the Ordinance. The Council will determine, based on the Annual Military Equipment Report, whether the equipment has complied with these standards for approval. If a piece of equipment has not complied with these standards, the Council will either disapprove renewal of authorization for that type of Military Equipment or require modifications to the Policy that will resolve the non-compliance.

SPD contends the Policy and Military Equipment it possesses meets all requirements set forth in the Bill. Additionally, there is significant interest in ensuring that law enforcement continues to have access to equipment that will provide peace officers as many options as possible to safeguard lives, ensure safety, and protect civil liberties. The use of the tools identified below are vital to SPD’s mission and will continue to be strictly regulated through internal processes and oversight.

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The proposed Ordinance seeks to approve SPD’s Military Equipment policy. Addendum A of the Policy outlines each item identified in Government Code section 7070, that is currently owned by the City.

The addendum also includes the current use and cost of each item. These items, and their stated uses, have been in place prior to the implementation of AB 481. Future acquisitions of any item deemed to be “military equipment” will require City Council approval and subsequent updating of the Department’s Military Equipment List and inclusion in the Annual Military Equipment Report.

The Policy safeguards the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties. It ensures that there are safeguards, including transparency, oversight, and accountability measures in place. Salinas Police Department’s Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Commander will be responsible for ensuring that SPD complies with the Policy and will conduct an annual audit of military equipment. Violations of the Policy will be corrected when discovered. Members of the public are provided direction in the webpage on how to register complaints for violations. All items which result in a use of force will be investigated, as is already required by existing SPD policy.

There are no reasonable alternatives to the items listed below. SPD has not discovered alternative items that can achieve the same objectives of officer and civilian safety. Each item’s necessity is further described below:
 Unmanned remotely piloted powered aerial vehicle: Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are necessary as they provide visibility to high-risk locations and large expansive areas. Without the use of a UAS, peace officers would have to physically enter high-risk locations which would increase the risk to the officers and members of the public. UAS are also helpful in large area searches such as during missing persons investigations. The UAS system is designed to enter small spaces, such as enclosed structures, as well as to provide overhead observations of wooded areas and other structures located in often crowded spaces. There are no known alternatives which could be used to safely access these locations.
 Unmanned remotely controlled ground vehicle: Unmanned ground robots are used for reconnaissance during critical incidents to assist in providing visibility in areas where it would be unsafe to send a peace officer. This system can also be used to communicate with distraught and potentially dangerous people without the dangers of a face-to-face confrontation. Not having access to this item would require the use of peace officers to engage in high-risk tasks.

This system can also be used during disasters to view places inaccessible by people to locate injured community members. There is no known alternative to this system.  Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) and Military ALL Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV) are used to provide ballistic protection to officers and citizens during rescue, critical incidents, and other hazardous situations. These vehicles allow officers closer access to high-risk situations while substantially reducing the physical risk to the officers and community members. These vehicles are built on commercial vehicle chassis and are primarily a reinforcement of civilian commercial vehicles. As such, there are no reasonable alternatives to providing the same level of ballistic protection.
 Command and control vehicles: The Mobile Command Vehicle (MCV) is an unarmored vehicle equivalent to a commercial recreational vehicle. It is equipped with specific communication and audio-visual devices to assist in command and control of a critical incident.

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This vehicle allows for mobile incident command and use of the Incident Command Systems facilitating the best possible on scene decision-making by key leaders. It provides for mobility, sheltering, and logistical support, restroom facilities and power. There is no known alternative for the MCV which provides the same amount of mobility and support at one location in a quick deploying package. The Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) vehicle also falls into this category. It is equipped to run computer forensic examination equipment and contains an interview room.
 Firearms of .50 caliber or greater, excluding standard issue shotguns: 12-guage shotguns designed to shoot breaching rounds are used to defeat locked, barricaded or fortified locations allowing officers to conduct rescues or high risk forceable entries. This includes but is not limited to rescuing hostages. These items allow peace officers to quickly enter a structure when time is of the essence. This would include but not be limited to an active shooter or kidnapping situation. In such situations time is of the essence and it would not be feasible to wait for other delayed access to the structure. There are alternatives which are used for low risk and/or nonfortified situations. This includes handheld battering rams. However, this alternative does not afford the same level of protection or speed that such equipment provides when necessary. As such there is no reasonable alternative to these items when they are used and required.  Ammunition of .50 caliber or greater, excluding standard issue shotgun ammunition: 12-gauge breaching rounds are used to defeat locked, barricaded or fortified locations allowing officers to conduct rescues or high risk forceable entries. This includes but is not limited to rescuing hostages. These items allow peace officers to quickly enter a structure when time is of the essence. This would include but not limited to an active shooter or kidnapping situation. In such situations time is of the essence and it would not be feasible to wait for other delayed access to the structure. There are alternatives which are used for low risk and/or non-fortified situations.

This includes handheld battering rams. However, this alternative does not afford the same level of protection or speed that such equipment provides when necessary. As such there is no reasonable alternative to these items when they are used and required.  Specialized firearms and ammunition including assault weapons, excluding standard issue service weapons: Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) rifles, sniper rifles and sub-machine guns enable officers when in compliance with the SPD’s Use of Force Policy, to address threats with greater accuracy and maneuverability than that of a handgun or standard issue patrol rifle, or those threats who are heavily armed, armored or both. Further, in both short and long-distance deployments, they allow officers precision shot placement minimizing the risk to officers and innocent citizens. There are no known alternatives to these weapons that will provide the same level of distance or precision.
 Any firearm accessory that is designed to launch explosive projectiles: the M203 40mm launcher was originally designed to launch explosive projectiles however SPD does not use it in such a manner and does not possess explosive projectiles. This accessory is attached below the barrel of a rifle and is utilized as a less-lethal 40mm projectile launcher described below. It has a separate trigger and aiming system so lethal and less-lethal force options are not confused.

The consolidation of lethal and less-lethal force options allows the officer to be less encumbered and more maneuverable. It is primarily used to deploy some of the tear gas items listed below.

There are no known alternatives to this accessory in the manner it is used by SPD.

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 Light and Sound Diversion devices known as “Flashbangs”: Flashbangs are used as a distraction device in order to disorient or divert a suspect’(s) attention away from officers. This can allow officers to gain safer access to a high-risk situation, giving extra time to assess and analyze existing threats. This can prevent injury to officers and community members. These devices can often lead to a safer resolution and allow officers to take a suspect into custody without force.

There is no known alternative to a flashbang when it is necessary.  Chemical Irritants also known as “Tear gas”: Tear gas is a less lethal tool used in conjunction with de-escalation tactics when feasible. They are used to safely extract a suspect from a fixed location or safely detain a suspect who poses a risk of violence to officers. Tear gas allows peace officers to deploy a less lethal chemical irritant into a structure or specified location with an effect no other tools are capable of. The intent is to make the suspect’s environment so uncomfortable the he or she leaves the area or structure instead of sending officers into a potentially violent confrontation. These tools are less lethal and afford peace officers an added option to avoid lethal force encounters. They can also be used to address violent or riotous crowds when there is a risk of physical safety. When these items are reasonable and necessary for use, there is no other alternative.
 40mm projectile launchers: The 40mm launcher affords the ability to use less lethal chemical agents and impact munitions in conjunction with de-escalation tactics when feasible. This allows officers to address a threat from a greater distance and cover, and provides an alternative option for deadly force when reasonable. This can potentially prevent a deadly force encounter.

When necessary, there is no alternative to this less lethal weapon system.

This Ordinance was initially presented to City Council on April 26, 2022, and SPD has subsequently conducted outreach and education related to AB 481 as described in this Report.

SPD is now bringing this item back to City Council for the second reading of the Ordinance.

POLICE COMMUNITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE:

The Chief Roberto Filice and Sergeant James Godwin initially presented this AB 481 – Military Equipment Funding, Acquisition, and Use to the Police Community Advisory Committee (PCAC) on March 30, 2022, and provided an update on July 27, 2022. During the initial and subsequent meetings, committee members asked use-related questions to which Sergeant Godwin responded that the Annual Military Equipment Report will provide both usage and cost data.

CEQA CONSIDERATION:

Not a Project. The City of Salinas has determined that the proposed action is not a project as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (CEQA Guidelines Section 15378).

STRATEGIC PLAN INITIATIVE:

Adopting the proposed Ordinance will support the City Council’s Strategic Plan Goal of Public Safety.

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DEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION:

The Police Department and Legal Department have coordinated on the preparation of the Ordinance and legal compliance with Assembly Bill 481.

FISCAL AND SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT:

Approving the proposed Ordinance will have no direct fiscal impact on the City’s General Fund, Measure E or Measure G funds. Oversight, including administrative data collection and reporting, will be completed by existing Salinas Police Department staff.

ATTACHMENTS:

Ordinance
Assembly Bill No. 481
Presentation on AB 481
ORDINANCE NO. _________(N.C.S.)
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF SALINAS ADDING ARTICLE III TO CHAPTER 27 OF THE

SALINAS MUNICIPAL CODE PERTAINING TO THE MILITARY EQUIPMENT USE POLICY IN COMPLIANCE WITH ASSEMBLY BILL 481
City Attorney Impartial Analysis
As required by Assembly Bill 481, signed into law by Governor Newsom on September 30, 2021, this Ordinance pertains to the adoption of a Military Use Policy. Pursuant to this Ordinance, the Salinas Police Department would be required to obtain the approval of the City Council, by adoption of a Military Equipment Use Policy, prior to taking certain actions relating to the funding, acquisition, or use of “military equipment” as defined. This Ordinance would also require similar approval for the continued use of military equipment acquired prior to January 1, 2022. The Ordinance will be subject to annual review by the City Council.

WHEREAS, On September 30, 2021, Governor Gavin Newsom signed into law Assembly Bill 481 (creating Government Code section 7070, et seq.), relating to the use of military equipment by law enforcement agencies; and
WHEREAS, Assembly Bill 481 requires law enforcement agencies to obtain approval of the applicable governing body, by an ordinance adopting a “military equipment” use policy, at a regular meeting held pursuant to open meeting laws, prior to taking certain actions relating to the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment; and
WHEREAS, Assembly Bill 481 seeks to provide transparency, oversight, and an opportunity for public input on decisions regarding whether and how military equipment is funded, acquired, or used; and WHEREAS, Assembly Bill 481 allows the governing body of a city to approve the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment within its jurisdiction only if it makes specified determinations; and WHEREAS, the Salinas Police Department is in possession of certain items of equipment that qualify as “military equipment” under Assembly Bill 481; and
WHEREAS, the proposed military equipment use policy is found within Salinas Police Department Policy 709 Military Equipment; and
WHEREAS, Salinas Police Department Policy 709 Military Equipment was published on the Salinas Police Department’s internet website on March 23, 2022; the Salinas Police Department Policy 709 Military Equipment was presented to City Council on March 29, 2022; and WHEREAS, the Policy and supporting information must be approved by the governing body (the City Council) by ordinance, and reviewed annually.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF SALINAS AS FOLLOWS:
2 SECTION 1: Article III is hereby added to Chapter 27 of the Salinas Municipal Code and shall read as follows:

Article III. Military Equipment Policy
Sec. 27-03.01 Military Equipment Policy.
(a) The City Council finds and determines the following:
(1) The military equipment inventoried and presented to the City Council is necessary because there is no reasonable alternative that can achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety;
(2) The proposed military equipment use policy (“Policy”) will safeguard the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights and civil liberties;
(3) The equipment is reasonably cost-effective compared to available alternatives that can achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety (if any); (4) Prior military equipment use complied with the applicable equipment use policy (which included equipment now defined as military equipment) that was in effect at the time, or if prior uses did not comply with the accompanying military equipment use policy, corrective action has been taken to remedy nonconforming uses and ensure future compliance. (b) The Salinas Police Department has submitted a proposed Policy to the City Council and has made those documents available on the Police Department’s website for at least thirty (30) days prior to the public hearing concerning the military equipment at issue. (c) The Policy was considered by the City Council in an open session of a regular meeting, noticed in accordance with the Ralph M. Brown Act. At which public comment was permitted. (d) The Policy shall be made publicly available on the Salinas Police Department’s website for as long as the military equipment is available for use.
(e) The Salinas Police Department shall submit an annual military equipment report to the City Council, containing the information required by Government Code section 7072, and the City Council shall determine whether each type of military equipment identified in that report has complied with the standards for approval set forth in (a)(1)-(4) above.
(f) The City Council shall review this ordinance, and vote on whether to renew it, on an annual basis at a regular meeting, in accordance with Government Code section 7071(e)(2). (g) The City Council approves the use of the Policy and finds that it satisfies the requirements of Government Code section 7070(d).
3 SECTION 2. SEVERABILITY. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this Ordinance is for any reason held invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction, such a decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance. The City Council declares that it would have passed this Ordinance and each section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses, or phrases, be declared invalid.

SECTION 3: EFFECTIVE DATE. This Ordinance shall become effective on the thirty-first day following its adoption.

This ordinance was introduced and read of the 26th day of April, 2022, and passed and adopted on the 23rd of August, 2022, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

APPROVED:
____________________________________
Kimbley Craig, Mayor
ATTEST:
____________________________________
Patricia M. Barajas, City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
_____________________________________
Christopher A. Callihan, City Attorney
Assembly Bill No. 481
CHAPTER 406
An act to add Chapter 12.8 (commencing with Section 7070) to Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, relating to military equipment. [Approved by Governor September 30, 2021. Filed with
Secretary of State September 30, 2021.]
legislative counsel’s digest
AB 481, Chiu. Law enforcement and state agencies: military equipment:
funding, acquisition, and use.

Existing law designates the Department of General Services as the agency for the State of California responsible for distribution of federal surplus personal property, excepting food commodities, and requires the department to, among other things, do all things necessary to the execution of its powers and duties as the state agency for the distribution of federal personal surplus property, excepting food commodities, in accordance with specified federal law. Existing law, the Federal Surplus Property Acquisition Law of 1945, authorizes a local agency, as defined, to acquire surplus federal property without regard to any law which requires posting of notices or advertising for bids, inviting or receiving bids, or delivery of purchases before payment, or which prevents the local agency from bidding on federal surplus property.

Existing federal law authorizes the Department of Defense to transfer surplus personal property, including arms and ammunition, to federal or state agencies for use in law enforcement activities, subject to specified conditions, at no cost to the acquiring agency.

This bill would require a law enforcement agency, defined to include specified entities, to obtain approval of the applicable governing body, by adoption of a military equipment use policy, as specified, by ordinance at a regular meeting held pursuant to specified open meeting laws, prior to taking certain actions relating to the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment, as defined. The bill would also require similar approval for the continued use of military equipment acquired prior to January 1, 2022. The bill would allow the governing body to approve the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment within its jurisdiction only if it determines that the military equipment meets specified standards. The bill would require the governing body to annually review the ordinance and to either disapprove a renewal of the authorization for a type, as defined, of military equipment or amend the military equipment use policy if it determines, based on an annual military equipment report prepared by the law enforcement agency, as provided, that the military equipment does not comply with the above-described standards for approval. The bill would specify these provisions do not preclude a county or local municipality from implementing 92 STATE OF CALIFORNIA

AUTHENTICATED

ELECTRONIC LEGAL MATERIAL
additional requirements and standards related to the purchase, use, and reporting of military equipment by local law enforcement agencies.

This bill would also require a state agency, as defined, to create a military equipment use policy before engaging in certain activities, publish the policy on the agency’s internet website, and provide a copy of the policy to the Governor or the Governor’s designee, as specified. The bill would also require a state agency that seeks to continue use of military equipment acquired prior to January 1, 2022, to create a military equipment use policy.

This bill would also include findings that the changes proposed by this bill address a matter of statewide concern rather than a municipal affair and, therefore, apply to all cities, including charter cities.

By adding to the duties of local officials with respect to the funding, acquisition, and use of military equipment, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program.

The California Constitution requires local agencies, for the purpose of ensuring public access to the meetings of public bodies and the writings of public officials and agencies, to comply with a statutory enactment that amends or enacts laws relating to public records or open meetings and contains findings demonstrating that the enactment furthers the constitutional requirements relating to this purpose.

This bill would make legislative findings to that effect.

The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.

This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares all of the following:
(a) The acquisition of military equipment and its deployment in our communities adversely impacts the public’s safety and welfare, including increased risk of civilian deaths, significant risks to civil rights, civil liberties, and physical and psychological well-being, and incurment of significant financial costs. Military equipment is more frequently deployed in low-income Black and Brown communities, meaning the risks and impacts of police militarization are experienced most acutely in marginalized communities.
(b) The public has a right to know about any funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment by state or local government officials, as well as a right to participate in any government agency’s decision to fund, acquire, or use such equipment.
(c) Decisions regarding whether and how military equipment is funded, acquired, or used should give strong consideration to the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties, and should be based on meaningful public input.
92 Ch. 406 — 2 —
(d) Legally enforceable safeguards, including transparency, oversight, and accountability measures, must be in place to protect the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties before military equipment is funded, acquired, or used.
(e) The lack of a public forum to discuss the acquisition of military equipment jeopardizes the relationship police have with the community, which can be undermined when law enforcement is seen as an occupying force rather than a public safety service.

SEC. 2. Chapter 12.8 (commencing with Section 7070) is added to Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, to read:

Chapter 12.8. Funding, Acquisition, and Use of Military Equipment
7070. For purposes of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:
(a) “Governing body” means the elected body that oversees a law enforcement agency or, if there is no elected body that directly oversees the law enforcement agency, the appointed body that oversees a law enforcement agency. In the case of a law enforcement agency of a county, including a sheriff’s department or a district attorney’s office, “governing body” means the board of supervisors of the county.
(b) “Law enforcement agency” means any of the following:
(1) A police department, including the police department of a transit agency, school district, or any campus of the University of California, the California State University, or California Community Colleges. (2) A sheriff’s department.
(3) A district attorney’s office.
(4) A county probation department.
(c) “Military equipment” means the following:
(1) Unmanned, remotely piloted, powered aerial or ground vehicles. (2) Mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles or armored personnel carriers. However, police versions of standard consumer vehicles are specifically excluded from this subdivision.
(3) High mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWV), commonly referred to as Humvees, two and one-half-ton trucks, five-ton trucks, or wheeled vehicles that have a breaching or entry apparatus attached. However, unarmored all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and motorized dirt bikes are specifically excluded from this subdivision.
(4) Tracked armored vehicles that provide ballistic protection to their occupants and utilize a tracked system instead of wheels for forward motion. (5) Command and control vehicles that are either built or modified to facilitate the operational control and direction of public safety units. (6) Weaponized aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of any kind. (7) Battering rams, slugs, and breaching apparatuses that are explosive in nature. However, items designed to remove a lock, such as bolt cutters, 92 — 3 — Ch. 406
or a handheld ram designed to be operated by one person, are specifically excluded from this subdivision.
(8) Firearms of .50 caliber or greater. However, standard issue shotguns are specifically excluded from this subdivision.
(9) Ammunition of .50 caliber or greater. However, standard issue shotgun ammunition is specifically excluded from this subdivision. (10) Specialized firearms and ammunition of less than .50 caliber, including assault weapons as defined in Sections 30510 and 30515 of the Penal Code, with the exception of standard issue service weapons and ammunition of less than .50 caliber that are issued to officers, agents, or employees of a law enforcement agency or a state agency. (11) Any firearm or firearm accessory that is designed to launch explosive projectiles.
(12) “Flashbang” grenades and explosive breaching tools, “tear gas,” and “pepper balls,” excluding standard, service-issued handheld pepper spray.
(13) Taser Shockwave, microwave weapons, water cannons, and the Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD).
(14) The following projectile launch platforms and their associated munitions: 40mm projectile launchers, “bean bag,” rubber bullet, and specialty impact munition (SIM) weapons.
(15) Any other equipment as determined by a governing body or a state agency to require additional oversight.
(16) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) through (15), “military equipment” does not include general equipment not designated as prohibited or controlled by the federal Defense Logistics Agency.
(d) “Military equipment use policy” means a publicly released, written document governing the use of military equipment by a law enforcement agency or a state agency that addresses, at a minimum, all of the following:
(1) A description of each type of military equipment, the quantity sought, its capabilities, expected lifespan, and product descriptions from the manufacturer of the military equipment.
(2) The purposes and authorized uses for which the law enforcement agency or the state agency proposes to use each type of military equipment. (3) The fiscal impact of each type of military equipment, including the initial costs of obtaining the equipment and estimated annual costs of maintaining the equipment.
(4) The legal and procedural rules that govern each authorized use. (5) The training, including any course required by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training, that must be completed before any officer, agent, or employee of the law enforcement agency or the state agency is allowed to use each specific type of military equipment to ensure the full protection of the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties and full adherence to the military equipment use policy.
(6) The mechanisms to ensure compliance with the military equipment use policy, including which independent persons or entities have oversight 92 Ch. 406 — 4 —
authority, and, if applicable, what legally enforceable sanctions are put in place for violations of the policy.
(7) For a law enforcement agency, the procedures by which members of the public may register complaints or concerns or submit questions about the use of each specific type of military equipment, and how the law enforcement agency will ensure that each complaint, concern, or question receives a response in a timely manner.
(e) “State agency” means the law enforcement division of every state office, officer, department, division, bureau, board, and commission or other state body or agency, except those agencies provided for in Article IV (except Section 20 thereof) or Article VI of the California Constitution. (f) “Type” means each item that shares the same manufacturer model number.
7071. (a) (1) A law enforcement agency shall obtain approval of the governing body, by an ordinance adopting a military equipment use policy at a regular meeting of the governing body held pursuant to the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 (commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M.

Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title 5), as applicable, prior to engaging in any of the following:
(A) Requesting military equipment made available pursuant to Section 2576a of Title 10 of the United States Code.
(B) Seeking funds for military equipment, including, but not limited to, applying for a grant, soliciting or accepting private, local, state, or federal funds, in-kind donations, or other donations or transfers. (C) Acquiring military equipment either permanently or temporarily, including by borrowing or leasing.
(D) Collaborating with another law enforcement agency in the deployment or other use of military equipment within the territorial jurisdiction of the governing body.
(E) Using any new or existing military equipment for a purpose, in a manner, or by a person not previously approved by the governing body pursuant to this chapter.
(F) Soliciting or responding to a proposal for, or entering into an agreement with, any other person or entity to seek funds for, apply to receive, acquire, use, or collaborate in the use of, military equipment. (G) Acquiring military equipment through any means not provided by this paragraph.
(2) No later than May 1, 2022, a law enforcement agency seeking to continue the use of any military equipment that was acquired prior to January 1, 2022, shall commence a governing body approval process in accordance with this section. If the governing body does not approve the continuing use of military equipment, including by adoption pursuant to this subdivision of a military equipment use policy submitted pursuant to subdivision (b), within 180 days of submission of the proposed military equipment use policy to the governing body, the law enforcement agency shall cease its use of 92 — 5 — Ch. 406
the military equipment until it receives the approval of the governing body in accordance with this section.
(b) In seeking the approval of the governing body pursuant to subdivision (a), a law enforcement agency shall submit a proposed military equipment use policy to the governing body and make those documents available on the law enforcement agency’s internet website at least 30 days prior to any public hearing concerning the military equipment at issue. (c) The governing body shall consider a proposed military equipment use policy as an agenda item for an open session of a regular meeting and provide for public comment in accordance with the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 (commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M. Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title 5), as applicable.
(d) (1) The governing body shall only approve a military equipment use policy pursuant to this chapter if it determines all of the following:
(A) The military equipment is necessary because there is no reasonable alternative that can achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety. (B) The proposed military equipment use policy will safeguard the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties. (C) If purchasing the equipment, the equipment is reasonably cost effective compared to available alternatives that can achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety.
(D) Prior military equipment use complied with the military equipment use policy that was in effect at the time, or if prior uses did not comply with the accompanying military equipment use policy, corrective action has been taken to remedy nonconforming uses and ensure future compliance. (2) In order to facilitate public participation, any proposed or final military equipment use policy shall be made publicly available on the internet website of the relevant law enforcement agency for as long as the military equipment is available for use.
(e) (1) The governing body shall review any ordinance that it has adopted pursuant to this section approving the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment at least annually and, subject to paragraph (2), vote on whether to renew the ordinance at a regular meeting held pursuant to the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 (commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M.

Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title 5), as applicable.
(2) The governing body shall determine, based on the annual military equipment report submitted pursuant to Section 7072, whether each type of military equipment identified in that report has complied with the standards for approval set forth in subdivision (d). If the governing body determines that a type of military equipment identified in that annual military equipment report has not complied with the standards for approval set forth in subdivision (d), the governing body shall either disapprove a renewal of the authorization for that type of military equipment or require modifications 92 Ch. 406 — 6 —
to the military equipment use policy in a manner that will resolve the lack of compliance.
(f) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) to (e), inclusive, if a city contracts with another entity for law enforcement services, the city shall have the authority to adopt a military equipment use policy based on local community needs.
7072. (a) A law enforcement agency that receives approval for a military equipment use policy pursuant to Section 7071 shall submit to the governing body an annual military equipment report for each type of military equipment approved by the governing body within one year of approval, and annually thereafter for as long as the military equipment is available for use. The law enforcement agency shall also make each annual military equipment report required by this section publicly available on its internet website for as long as the military equipment is available for use. The annual military equipment report shall, at a minimum, include the following information for the immediately preceding calendar year for each type of military equipment:
(1) A summary of how the military equipment was used and the purpose of its use.
(2) A summary of any complaints or concerns received concerning the military equipment.
(3) The results of any internal audits, any information about violations of the military equipment use policy, and any actions taken in response. (4) The total annual cost for each type of military equipment, including acquisition, personnel, training, transportation, maintenance, storage, upgrade, and other ongoing costs, and from what source funds will be provided for the military equipment in the calendar year following submission of the annual military equipment report.
(5) The quantity possessed for each type of military equipment. (6) If the law enforcement agency intends to acquire additional military equipment in the next year, the quantity sought for each type of military equipment.
(b) Within 30 days of submitting and publicly releasing an annual military equipment report pursuant to this section, the law enforcement agency shall hold at least one well-publicized and conveniently located community engagement meeting, at which the general public may discuss and ask questions regarding the annual military equipment report and the law enforcement agency’s funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment. 7073. (a) A state agency shall create a military equipment use policy prior to engaging in any of the following:
(1) Requesting military equipment made available pursuant to Section 2576a of Title 10 of the United States Code.
(2) Seeking funds for military equipment, including, but not limited to, applying for a grant, soliciting or accepting private, local, state, or federal funds, in-kind donations, or other donations or transfers. (3) Acquiring military equipment either permanently or temporarily, including by borrowing or leasing.
92 — 7 — Ch. 406
(4) Collaborating with a law enforcement agency or another state agency in the deployment or other use of military equipment within the territorial jurisdiction of the governing body.
(5) Using any new or existing military equipment for a purpose, in a manner, or by a person not previously approved by the governing body pursuant to this chapter.
(6) Soliciting or responding to a proposal for, or entering into an agreement with, any other person or entity to seek funds for, or to apply to receive, acquire, use, or collaborate in the use of, military equipment. (7) Acquiring military equipment through any means not provided by this subdivision.
(b) No later than May 1, 2022, a state agency seeking to continue the use of any military equipment that was acquired prior to January 1, 2022, shall create a military equipment use policy.
(c) A state agency that is required to create a military equipment use policy pursuant to this section shall do both of the following within 180 days of completing the policy:
(1) Publish the military equipment use policy on the agency’s internet website.
(2) Provide a copy of the military equipment use policy to the Governor or the Governor’s designee.
7074. The Legislature finds and declares that ensuring adequate oversight of the acquisition and use of military equipment is a matter of statewide concern rather than a municipal affair as that term is used in Section 5 of Article XI of the California Constitution. Therefore, this chapter applies to all cities, including charter cities and shall supersede any inconsistent provisions in the charter of any city, county, or city and county. 7075. Nothing in this chapter shall preclude a county or local municipality from implementing additional requirements and standards related to the purchase, use, and reporting of military equipment by local law enforcement agencies.

SEC. 3. The Legislature finds and declares that Section 1 of this act, which adds Chapter 12.8 (commencing with Section 7070) to Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, furthers, within the meaning of paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section 3 of Article I of the California Constitution, the purposes of that constitutional section as it relates to the right of public access to the meetings of local public bodies or the writings of local public officials and local agencies. Pursuant to paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section 3 of Article I of the California Constitution, the Legislature makes the following findings:

Requiring local agencies to hold public meetings prior to the acquisition of military equipment further exposes that activity to public scrutiny and enhances public access to information concerning the conduct of the people’s business.

SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district under this act would 92 Ch. 406 — 8 —
result from a legislative mandate that is within the scope of paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section 3 of Article I of the California Constitution.

O
92 — 9 — Ch. 406
8/23/2022
1 POLICE CHIEF ROBERO FILICE
California Assembly
Bill 481 (AB-481)

P R O M O T I N G T R U S T

A N D T R A N S PA R E N C Y
P R E S E N T AT I O N B Y:

S G T . J A M E S G O D W I N
A U G U S T 2 3 , 2 0 2 2

POLICE CHIEF ROBERTO FILICE
‣ Initial Presentation of Ordinance to City Council on April 26, 2022
‣ California’s Assembly Bill 481 (AB-481) • Defines “Military Equipment” ‣ SPD Policy 709, including Equipment List • 15 Categories – SPD’s Inventory (9 out of 15 categories) ‣ Provides Transparency to Public • Encourages Public Input and Protects the Public’s Welfare, Safety, Civil Rights, and Liberties 2

GENERAL OVERVIEW
1 2
8/23/2022
2 POLICE CHIEF ROBERTO FILICE 3

KEY POINTS
‣ Primary Purpose
• De-escalation, stand-off
distance, safety of citizens
and officers, preserving
human life ‣ Necessity
• Equipment obtained
determined to be necessary
based on real incidents
encountered by SPD
‣ Usage
• Majority of equipment is
utilized exclusively by
specialty units; highly trained
personnel

POLICE CHIEF ROBERTO FILICE
‣ Published on Website – English and Spanish
• Feedback encouraged
‣ Outreach and Education
• June 4th – SPD 150th Anniversary Event • July 27th – Public Meeting • August 11th – SVCC-SUBA Mixer ‣ Questions
• Use and Training Costs
• Policy Safeguards 4

COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC INPUT
3 4
8/23/2022
3 POLICE CHIEF ROBERTO FILICE
AB-481 ON WEBSITE
W W W. S A L I N A S P D . O R G
U n d e r C o m m u n i t y Ta b
5 POLICE CHIEF ROBERTO FILICE
‣ Adopt an Ordinance adding sections to
Chapter 27 of the Salinas Municipal Code
pertaining to Military Equipment Funding,
Acquisition, and Use, as required by
Assembly Bill 481
6 RECOMMENDATION
5 6
8/23/2022
4 POLICE CHIEF ROBERTO FILICE
‣ Comments may continue to
be made through our website
• https://salinaspd.org/assembl
y-bill-481/ ‣ Thank you for participating
and for your support 7

QUESTIONS & COMMENTS
7 City of Salinas
Legislation Text
200 Lincoln Ave., Salinas,
CA 93901
www.cityofsalinas.org
File #: ID#22-457, Version: 1
Salinas’ American Rescue Plan Update
No action required. This report presents information to the City Council regarding the City’s various Counciladopted projects included in the Salinas recovery under the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) of 2021.

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CITY OF SALINAS

COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
DATE: AUGUST 23, 2022
DEPARTMENT: ADMINISTRATION
FROM: STEVEN S. CARRIGAN, CITY MANAGER
BY: DEPARTMENT DIRECTORS

JIM PIA, ASSISTANT CITY MANAGER
TITLE: SALINAS’ AMERICAN RESCUE PLAN UPDATE
RECOMMENDED MOTION:

This item provides an administrative update on the City’s various Council-adopted projects included in the Salinas recovery under the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) of 2021. No Motion is required.

DISCUSSION:

On March 11, 2021, President Biden signed the American Rescue Plan Act, which provided the City with $51,567,313 in relief funds. The City has now received all of this funding. As a reminder, the following project areas were adopted by the City Council in September of 2021.

ADOPTED ARPA SPENDING

1. Public Facilities: ($11.5 million) According to Treasury guidelines, Capital investments in public facilities to meet pandemic operational needs are eligible, including public building adaptations to implement COVID-19 mitigation. Staff has identified this expenditure area with $11.5 million in spending, including:
a. Adaptations to Salinas City Hall, $5 million
b. Hebbron Family Center, $1.5 million (for contingencies, unexpected costs, furniture, and fixtures)
c. Fire Stations, and other Recreational Facilities, $3 million d. Playground Structures, Park Benches, Grills, $2 million (Majority to be spent in 93905 & 93906 due to having the higher number of COVID-19 cases) Page | 2

2. Public Infrastructure: ($12 million) Staff wanted to identify all vital City expenditure areas, even those that may not technically be addressed through ARPA allowable expenses.

The Treasury Department gives recipients broad latitude to use funds for the provision of government services to the extent of the reduction in revenue. As a result, staff has identified this expenditure area at $12 million, as follows:
(Finance Committee has been involved in reviewing these projects) a. Sidewalk repairs, $6 million (Majority to be spent in 93905 & 93906 due to having the higher number of COVID-19 cases)
b. Street repair / Traffic safety, $6 million ($3 million from City Hall improvements + $1 million from other public facilities above) (majority to spent in 93905 & 93906 due to having the higher number of COVID-19 cases)

3. Investments in Water and Sewer: ($15.465 million) ARPA fund recipients may use Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds to make necessary investments in water and sewer. Staff has identified this expenditure area at $15.465 million, as follows:
a. Sewer System Work, $4,620,000
b. Gabilan Creek Silt removal, $ 500,000
c. Natividad Creek Silt Removal, $1,545,000
d. Storm Water Master Plan, $ 800,000
e. Park Irrigation Upgrades $5 million
f. Stormwater Green Infrastructure $3 million

4. Homelessness/Housing: ($12.6 million)
a. Chinatown Navigation Center Operations, $1 million
b. SHARE Center Operations, $1 million
c. Downtown Streets Team $ 600,000
d. Salinas Homeless Motel Program $3 million
e. Affordable Housing Production Fund, $7 million (to facilitate affordable housing production, funds can be used for predevelopment, acquisition, construction, plans and studies)
Page | 3

SPECIFIC PROJECTS IDENTIFIED

DEPARTMENT UPDATES

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
Funds have been equally split over the next two fiscal years to support partial funding for the Chinatown Navigation Center (CNC) operations. The CNC provides emergency shelter and housing navigation services in support of City Health & Safety Days.

SHARE Center
Funds provide support for the City's 50% portion of SHARE operations. The SHARE Center continues to serve our un-housed residents, operates at maximum capacity, and has a current waiting list of more than 600 individuals.

Page | 4
Downtown Streets Team
Funds are leveraged with other available sources to maintain multiple-team operations throughout targeted areas of the City. This program will support the Encampment Resolution Grant, City Health and Safety days, and emerging Alisal Vibrancy Plan work.

Salinas Homeless Motel Program
The City, in partnership with Monterey County Social Services, is currently operating a large-scale interim housing motel program for unhoused city residents. The program is jointly funded by City ARPA, CDSS Project Roomkey, and County ARPA funding. The program supports City Health & Safety Day outcomes. Those housed are being prepared for potential permanent housing at one of the City's Homekey projects. The City and County both continue to look for additional funding opportunities to extend program operations.

Affordable Housing Production
The Housing Division released an annual Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) in early 2022; held a well-attended Housing Developers Forum in mid-May; and just completed a joint Request for Qualifications (RFQ) process with the County of Monterey to select a developer for an affordable, multifamily development at 855 E. Laurel Drive. Each of the 8 proposals received, requested the use of City ARPA and HUD funds. The Division also continues to receive interest from developers such as CHISPA and Interim, Inc. Development is a typically slow process, and the ARPA expenditure timeline is tight. Staff will look for and push for opportunities to ensure full commitment and expenditure of funds by the stipulated deadlines.

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
Stormwater Master Plan ($800k): This project has begun and should be complete by spring of 2023.

Closter Park Green Street Engineering Plans ($1.5M): A Request for Proposals (RFP) has been drafted and is currently in review.
“Green City” Master Plan/Alternative Compliance Plan ($600k): This project has just been awarded. Work to begin in early fall.

No Parking Street Sweeping Community Engagement ($100k): This RFP is currently being drafted
Street Sweeper Routes modifications ($200k): This RFP is currently being drafted.

Page | 5
No Parking Street Sweeping signage in High Priority/Pilot area ($400k): RFP to be drafted in early fall, 2022.

Pesticide Use Reduction Plan ($200k): RFP is currently being drafted.

Gabilan and Natividad Creek silt removal (3911.50.9727 and 3911.50.9086) Permitting process is ongoing, began prior to the ARPA funding and is necessary to proceed with the silt removal. An RFP for engineering specifications is being prepared to be issued so that it may be awarded in October. The engineering specifications and permits will lead to a bid package to be issued in the 2nd quarter of 2023.

Both creeks were damaged during March 2017 floods. The accumulation of silt and debris poses a potential flood hazard due to the flow restrictions in the stream channel. Project also removes vegetation currently populated by encampments. FEMA has withheld funding citing lack of maintenance.

Sewer system work (3911.50.8190)
The draft Sanitary Sewer Master Plan (SSMP) was recently reviewed with the consultant in June 2022. The SSMP provides a more definitive road map for the needed repairs on the sanitary sewer system which will be ARPA funded.

An RFP is being finalized for the evaluation of select portions of the system using closed-circuit television (CCTV). Results of the ARPA-funded CCTV evaluation will be used in conjunction with listed repairs in the SSMP to create a list of the most urgent problem areas. These problem areas will be addressed through a formal Bid Contract. CCTV work is scheduled to begin in October and extend over the winter into 2nd quarter of 2023. The contracted repair work is scheduled to begin in the 2nd quarter of 2023 and extend over the remainder of the year.

Sidewalks
Attached is a map that engineering staff is working on for the sidewalk project. This will be the $6 million in ARPA funds as well as $1.5 million in additional City funds. The ARPA portion was brought to the City’s Finance Committee in May, and we are hoping to bring this project back to City Council in September and go out using the City’s bid process.

Adaptations to Salinas City Hall
Public Works and Administration staff have been working with In Studio Architecture of Salinas, to identify a specific project scope appropriate for the aging City Hall building and the current budget. Although the project has not been finalized, we are focusing on vital renovation elements including a new roof, possibly with solar energy panels, a complete Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, and the abatement of any asbestos and/or Page | 6
other environmental issues. A renovation project of this size will most likely require additional funding and possibly the temporary displacement of City Hall employees at certain project times.

All of these issues are being discussed.

All money will be encumbered by 2024 and work complete by 2026.

LIBRARY AND COMMUNITY SERVICES DEPARTMENT
Playgrounds
 We are wrapping up all cost estimates for playground repairs and an Agreement with Miracle Playsystems in the amount of $97,007.58 for the purchase of equipment and labor for repairs is on the Council Agenda for 8/23/2022. We anticipate bringing Agreements with the additional playground vendors for the balance of repairs in September 2022.
 The direct purchase of engineered wood fiber playground surfacing material from Jet Mulch is on the Council Agenda for 8/23/2022. We are currently in the process of obtaining quotes to repair the poured-in-place surfacing material for select parks.  In September, we will be able to better determine final allocations for all Districts.

Irrigation Upgrades
 The Irrigation Assessment RFP was released, and proposals are due on September 9, 2022. We anticipate having the assessment complete and issue an RFP for irrigation design in the fall of 2023.

Attachments
Community Development Department Spreadsheet
Sidewalk Project Map

Total Funding Award $12,600,000.00
Agency Project or Program Fiscal Year
Usage
Agreement
Number NWS Account Budget Amount Expenses as of 6/30/2022 Remaining
Amount as of
6/30/2022
Notes
Chinatown Navigation Center Operations 3911.30.8161
Community Homeless
Solutions
Chinatown Navigation Center
Operations - FY 22-23 22-23 22ARPA03 3911.30.8161-63.6010 $ 500,000.00 $ 500,000.00 Community Homeless
Solutions
Chinatown Navigation Center
Operations - FY 23-24 23-24 3911.30.8161-63.6010 $ 500,000.00 $ 500,000.00 $ 1,000,000.00
SHARE Center Operations 3911.30.3220
Bay Area Community
Services SHARE Center Operations 22-23 22ARPA02 3911.30.3220-69.1265 $ 1,000,000.00 $ 1,000,000.00 Funds provide partial support for the City's 50% portion of SHARE operations. The SHARE continues to operate at maximum capacity and has a current waiting list of more than 600 individuals.
$ 1,000,000.00
Downtown Streets Team 3911.30.3220
Downtown Streets
Team
Downtown Streets Team Salinas
FY 22-23
22-23 22ARPA01 3911.30.9181-69.1536 $ 200,000.00 $ 200,000.00 Downtown Streets
Team
Downtown Streets Team Salinas
FY 23-24
23-24 3911.30.9181-69.1536 $ 400,000.00 $ 400,000.00
$ 600,000.00
Salinas Homeless Motel Program 3911.30.8162
To be determined ARPA Motel Program 22-23 3911.30.8162-63.6010 $ 1,334,355.00 $ 1,334,355.00 Central Coast Center for
Independent Living
Motel Coordination, Housing
Navigation, & Rapid Rehousing 22-23 21ARPA02 3911.30.8162-69.1250 $ 553,013.00 $ 169,287.70 $ 383,725.30 CSUMB CHE Case Management & Wrap Around
Services 22-23 21ARPA01 3911.30.8162-69.1280 $ 456,000.00 $ 128,797.31 $ 327,202.69 To be determined Security 22-23 3911.30.8162-63.6010 $ 504,000.00 $ 504,000.00 City of Salinas Administration - Salaries and
benefits 22-24 3911.30.8162-61.1100 $ 152,632.00 $ 152,632.00 $ 3,000,000.00
Affordable Housing Production 3911.30.9021
To be determined Housing Production 22-23 3911.30.9021-69.1351 $ 6,472,000.00 $ 6,472,000.00 To be determined Consultants - Project Management &
Environmental Reviews 22-23 3911.30.9021-63.5900 $ 220,000.00 $ 220,000.00 To be determined Legal Publications 22-23 3911.30.9021-64.1100 $ 8,000.00 $ 8,000.00 To be determined Administration - Salaries and
benefits 22-24 3911.30.9021-61.1100 $ 300,000.00 $ 300,000.00 $ 7,000,000.00
ARPA Totals $ 12,600,000.00 $ 298,085.01 $ 12,301,914.99 ARPA Funding - CDD - Housing Division
The Housing Division released an annual NOFA in early 2022; held a well-attended Housing Developers Forum in mid-May; and just completed a joint RFQ process with the County of Monterey to select a developer for an affordable, multifamily development at 855 E. Laurel Drive. Each of the 8 proposals received requested the use of City ARPA and HUD fundsThe Division aslo continues to receive interest from developers such as CHISPA and Interim, Inc. Development is a typically slow process and the ARPA expenditure timeline is tight. Staff will look for and push for opportunties to ensure full commitment and expenditure of funds by stipulated deadlines.

The City, in partnership with Monterey County Social Services, is currently operating a large scale interim housing motel program for unhoused city residents. The program is jointly funded by City ARPA, CDSS Project Roomkey, and County ARPA funding. The program supports City Health & Safety Day outcomes. Those housed are being prepared for potential permanent housing at one of the City's Homekey projects. The City and County both continue to look for additional funding opportunities to extend program operations.

Funds are leveraged with other available sources to maintain mulitple-team operations thorughout targeted areas of the City. This program will support the Encampment Resolution Grant, City Health and Safety days, and emerging Alisal Vibrancy Plan work.

Funds have been equally split over the next two fiscal years to support partial funding for CNC operations. The CNC provides emergency shelter and housing navigation services in support of City Health & Safety Days.  

CITY OF SALINAS

SALINAS CITY COUNCIL
August 23, 2022
Enacted on March 11, 2021
City of Salinas amount: $51,567,313
Council Adopted spending, September 2021:

Public Facilities: $11.5 million
Public Infrastructure: $12 million
Investments in Water & Sewer: $15.465 million
Homeless & Housing: $12.6 million
1 2
Payments:

First half of funding received May 2021
Second half of funding received June 2022
Costs must be incurred by December 31, 2024
All funds must be spent by December 31, 2026
ARPA Spending Areas
Public
Facilities
Public
Infrastructure
Water & Sewer Homelessness
&Housing
✓ Hebbron Family
Center
✓ City Hall Fixes
✓ Fire Station
renovations
➢ Sidewalks
➢ Street
Maintenance
➢ Traffic Safety
❖ Storm Water
Infrastructure
❖ Creek Silt removal
❖ Park Irrigation
upgrades
❖ Sewer system
inspections
❑ Beds / Motel
Program
❑ Encampment
Cleanups
❑ Downtown Streets
❑ Share / Navigation
3 Department updates
Community Development Department:

SHARE Center payments have begun
China Navigation Center operations
Downtown Streets Team
Salinas Homeless Motel Program
Affordable Housing Production
4 Department updates
Community Development Department:

Affordable Housing Production:
▪ 8 proposals received in a recent joint Request for Qualifications process with the County of Monterey.
▪ Looking at affordable multi-family development at 855 E. Laurel Drive 5 Public Works Department:

Planning work has begun on:

Stormwater Master Plan
Green City Master Plan
Street sweeping no parking plan
Pesticide Use Reduction Plan
RFP being finalized for Closed-circuit television program w/sewer system 6 Public Works Department:

Sidewalks:
▪ $ 6 million in ARPA sidewalk projects went to Finance Committee in May and will go come back to Council to start bid process in September City Hall Adaptations:
▪ Specific Project scope being looked at by Public Works, Administration and In Studio Architecture
▪ Current focus on Roof (solar), HVAC, and environmental abatement issues 7 Library and Community Services Department:

Playgrounds:
▪ Nearly $100,000 in playground repairs on tonight’s Council Agenda ▪ Playground surfacing from Jet Mulch also ready for Council adoption go come back to Council to start bid process in September Irrigation upgrades:
▪ Proposals for Irrigation Assessment due on September 9, 2022 followed by a Request for Proposals for irrigation design in 2023
8 Staff is committed to:

Ongoing communication with residents regarding projects funded by the American Rescue Plan Act
Bringing back ARPA projects and periodic updates to Council in alignment with City progress and Federal reporting requirements

QUESTIONS
9 Park Name Playground Manufacturer Zip Code Council District Existing Surface Material Playground Surfacing $350,000
Playgrounds
$1,500,000
Tables, Benches, BBQ
Pits $150,000 TOTAL
1 Azahel Cruz Pocket Park Landscape Structures 93905 2 Wood chips $ 11,283.42 $ 11,283.42 2 Central Community Park Landscape Structures 93901 3 Wood chips $ 33,892.52 $ 33,892.52 3 Cesar ChavezCommunity Park PlayCraft 93905 4 Wood chips $ 32,033.08 $ 5,263.84 $ 37,296.92 4 Claremont Manor Neighborhood Park Miracle 93901 3 Wood chips $ 18,383.10 $ 74,572.94 $ 92,956.04 5 Clay Street Play Lot Miracle 93901 3 Wood chips $ 8,916.86 $ 5,794.71 $ 14,711.57 6 Closter Community Park Landscape Structures 93905 2 Wood chips $ 13,565.46 $ 4,043.89 $ 17,609.35 7 Creekbridge Neighborhood Park Landscape Structures 93906 6 Wood chips $ 10,311.44 $ 10,563.25 $ 20,874.69 8 El Dorado Community Park Miracle 93906 6 Wood chips & sand $ 28,314.20 $ 16,050.00 $ 44,364.20 9 El Gabilan Play Lot Landscape Structures 93905 2 Wood chips $ 3,972.44 $ 5,817.82 $ 9,790.26 10 Firehouse Rec Center Play Lot Play World 93905 2 Wood chips $ 4,902.16 $ 4,902.16 11 Harden Neighborhood Park PlayCraft 93906 6 Poured-in-place, No Chips N/A N/A 12 Hartnell Neighborhood Park Landscape Structures 93901 3 Wood chips $ 17,326.60 $ 17,326.60 13 Jaycees Tot Lot Landscape Structures 93905 2 Wood Chips $ 10,057.88 $ 10,057.88 14 La Paz Neighborhood Park Play World 93905 4 Wood Chips (black) $ 10,734.04 $ 10,734.04 15 Laurel Heights Neighborhood Park Miracle 93905 4 wood chips $ 15,678.45 $ 7,589.40 $ 23,267.85 16 Laurel Neighborhood Park Miracle 93906 5 Wood chips $ 15,086.82 $ 7,996.84 $ 23,083.66 17 Laurelwood Neighborhood Park Miracle 93906 5 Wood chips $ 25,271.48 $ 10,136.98 $ 35,408.46 18 Los Padres Neighborhood Park Landscape Structures 93905 2 Wood chips $ 9,762.06 $ 9,762.06 19 Maple Play Lot Miracle 93901 3 Sand $ 9,593.02 $ 9,593.02 20 McKinnon Neighborhood Park Landscape Structures 93906 6 Combo sand & poured in place $ 13,185.12 $ 13,185.12 21 Mission Neighborhood Park Miracle 93901 3 Wood Chips $ 10,015.62 $ 5,362.57 $ 15,378.19 22 Monte Bella Community Park Landscape Structures 93905 1 Combo EWF & Poured in place $ 23,327.52 $ 5,818.68 $ 29,146.20 23 Myrtle Court Play Lot Landscape Structures 93905 4 Wood Chips $ 6,127.70 $ 6,127.70 24 Natividad Creek Community Park Landscape Structures 93905 1 Wood chips $ 21,341.30 $ 13,817.05 $ 35,158.35 25 Natividad Neighborhood Park Landscape Structures 93906 6 Wood Chips $ 8,705.56 $ 4,805.59 $ 13,511.15 26 Northgate Neighborhood Park Landscape Structures 93906 5 Wood chips $ 18,214.06 $ 470,000.00 $ 488,214.06 27 Northgate Tot Lot Miracle 93906 5 Sand $ 9,297.20 $ 13,151.63 $ 22,448.83 28 Santa Lucia Park PlayCraft 93906 4 Wood chips $ 4,775.38 $ 4,775.38 29 Santa Rita Neighborhood Park Miracle 93906 5 Sand $ 8,959.12 $ 13,052.09 $ 22,011.21 30 Sherwood Community Park PlayCraft 93906 4 Wood chips $ 15,424.90 $ 15,424.90 31 Sobranes Neighborhood Park Landscape Structures 93905 2 Sand $ 4,479.56 $ 13,817.05 $ 18,296.61 32 Soto Square Park Miracle 93906 6 Wood chips $ 6,846.12 $ 5,096.37 $ 11,942.49 33 Steinbeck Neighborhood Park Landscape Structures 93906 6 Sand $ 7,437.76 $ 7,437.76 34 Williams Ranch Neighborhood Park Landscape Structures 93905 1 Wood chips & poured-in-place $ 5,705.10 $ 190,000.00 $ 25,000.00 $ 220,705.10 35 Woodside Neighborhood Park Miracle 93901 3 Sand $ 9,128.16 $ 6,324.56 $ 15,452.72 TOTAL $ 452,055.21 $ 889,075.26 $ 25,000.00 $ 1,366,130.47 Library and Community Services - American Rescue Plan Act - $2,000,000 City of Salinas
Legislation Text
200 Lincoln Ave., Salinas,
CA 93901
www.cityofsalinas.org
File #: ID#22-459, Version: 1
Commercial Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report
No action required. This report presents information to the City Council regarding the Commercial Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report.

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CITY OF SALINAS

COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
DATE: AUGUST 23, 2022
DEPARTMENT: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
FROM: MEGAN HUNTER, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR
TITLE: COMMERCIAL CANNABIS TAXATION RECOMMENDATION
REPORT
RECOMMENDED MOTION:

Receive an Administrative Report on the Commercial Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report for informational purposes. No action is required.

RECOMMENDATION:

It is recommended that the City Council receive an Administrative Report on the Commercial Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report for informational purposes.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

On February 15, 2022, City Council directed staff to hire a consultant to complete a report on recommended taxation rates after hearing testimony of multiple cannabis business owners concerned about long-term financial viability of the industry in the City. The City contracted with SCI Consulting Group which completed the report and found that Salinas’ local cannabis industry “remains viable, relatively stable with the likelihood of a reasonable, limited growth over time”.

The report also concluded that the City’s “current rates, rate structure, number and types of businesses are generally appropriate and well within California norms”.

While tax revenues are leveling out, the report noted that there is potential for more growth as more permitted businesses become operational. As it relates to current taxation rates, SCI Group recommended the following:
 Maintain the existing gross receipts tax rate of 5% on retail businesses.  Reduce the existing tax to a rate between 2.5% and 3% on manufacturing businesses.  Reduce the existing tax to a rate between $7 to $10 per square foot of canopy on cultivation businesses.

BACKGROUND:

On February 15, 2022, the City Council received an annual report on the commercial cannabis industry in Salinas. During the meeting, several business owners provided testimony expressing Page | 2
concern about the taxation rates for cultivation and manufacturing given the changing environment of the cannabis industry. As a result, City Council directed staff to hire a consultant to complete a report on recommended taxation rates. After conducting an RFP process, City Council approved a resolution authorizing the City Manager to enter into an agreement with SCI Consulting Group to complete the study and provide cannabis monitoring services at the end of April. SCI Consulting Group completed the study in August.

DISCUSSION:

The report highlights some good news – “Salinas’ local cannabis industry remains viable, relatively stable with the likelihood of a reasonable, limited growth over time – this is an especially positive finding when compared with the dynamic and challenged state of the cannabis industry statewide”. In terms of retail, Salinas is well situated geographically because it is somewhat isolated regionally while being located along a well-travelled Highway 101 corridor. The greatest area for significant growth for the City is in the manufacturing sector. Although this sector has matured (and possibly peaked) very rapidly statewide, there is still huge opportunity to develop, market, and package new types of products – and Salinas is well poised with its proximity to very active cultivation sites in Monterey, San Luis Obispo, and even Santa Barbara Counties, along with its agricultural-industrial-processing capacity and infrastructure.

While high taxation rates increase product prices that can drive consumers to the black market, generally Salinas taxation rates (see Table 1) are typical in California and may not have as much as an impact on growth or decline. Rather, there are likely other barriers that are affecting revenue such as non-operational businesses with permits or limited vacant land/properties. The report notes that “tax revenues are leveling out, becoming more predictable and reliable, with some additional growth projected as more permitted businesses become operational. The City should continue with current policies, making field-condition-informed, minor adjustments to tax rates, permit number, types of permits, etc., as the marketplace continues to evolve over the next 10 years.” Table 1 - Cannabis Tax Rates
Business Type Current Rate Maximum Rate
Retail (Dispensary) 5% of Gross Receipts 10% of Gross Receipts Retail Delivery 5% of Gross Receipts 10% of Gross Receipts Manufacturing 5% of Gross Receipts 10% of Gross Receipts Cultivation $15/sf of Canopy $25/sf of Canopy
Nursery $2/sf of Canopy $5/sf of Canopy
Distribution No Tax No Tax
Testing No Tax No Tax
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Table 2 - Salinas Cannabis Industry Tax Revenue by Business Type (2017-2022) Business Type 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Delivery $38,989 $102,917 $117,138 $197,395 $134,572 $16,600 Dispensary IA $285,475 $949,762 $1,124,674 $1,221,626 $333,647 Cultivation IA IA IA $8,679 $73,539 $19,200
Manufacturing $335,380 $482,057 $561,413 $511,284 $669,760 $168,926 Total $374,369 $870,449 $1,628,314 $1,842,033 $2,099,497 $538,373 IA = business type was inactive during this term, i.e. not yet conducting commercial operations and paying the cannabis business tax
The report recommends that the City maintain the taxation rate for retail (delivery and dispensary), but consider reducing rates for manufacturing and cultivation. Based upon the tax revenues by business type shown in Table 2, the City will lose revenue in the immediate short-term as shown in Table 3. It is unclear whether the decrease in the taxation rate for these business types will result in new business, however, these manufacturing and cultivation enterprises carry greater risks/costs than retail and justifiably should be taxed at lower rates.

Table 3 - Potential Tax Revenue Loss by Business Type Based Upon 2021 Business Type Base Year
2021
$10 sq ft/
3%
$8.50 sq ft/

2.5%
$7 sq ft/

2.5%
Cultivation $73,539 $49,026 $41,672 $34,318
Manufacturing $669,760 $401,856 $334,880 $334,880
Total $743,299 $450,882 $376,552 $369,198
In summary, the report identifies the following recommendations:

Taxation
 Maintain the existing gross receipts tax rate of 5% on retail businesses.  Reduce the existing tax to a rate between 2.5% and 3% on manufacturing businesses.  Reduce the existing tax to a rate between $7 to $10 per square foot of canopy on cultivation businesses.

Permitting
 Maintain the current limit on the number of retail businesses (3 delivery and 5 storefront).  Award the final cultivation permit.
 Continue to support active permittees working towards becoming operational businesses.

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Economic Development
 Take steps to foster and support growth in the manufacturing business sector, which has the greatest growth potential.
 Continue to carefully facilitate the transition from unregulated cannabis markets to regulated cannabis businesses.
 Work on expanding cannabis opportunities to minority owned, local businesses.  Expand on Salinas’ unique history, character, and culture to optimize all facets of the cannabis industry.

CEQA CONSIDERATION:

The City of Salinas has determined that the proposed action is not a project as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (CEQA Guidelines Section 15378). Because the proposed action and this matter have no potential to cause any effect on the environment, or because it falls within a category of activities excluded as projects pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15378, this matter is not a project.

STRATEGIC PLAN INITIATIVE:

The recommendations in the Commercial Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report will help meet the City Council Strategic Goal of Effective and Culturally Responsive Government as it will help apply data-driven management to decision-making. The recommendations will also advance the Goal of Economic Development by encouraging a diverse and thriving economy around commercial cannabis.

DEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION:

City departments coordinate on cannabis taxation as it involves both revenue and land use. The Community Development Department (CDD) coordinates regularly with the Finance Department regarding cannabis taxation and the Legal Department as it relates to the Salinas Municipal Code and Commercial Cannabis. If City Council recommends action to adjust taxation rates, CDD will work with the Legal Department to amend the Code.

FISCAL AND SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT:

It is hard to quantify the overall impact on the reduction in tax rates on revenue over time because it remains to be seen if reducing these rates will promote greater growth and stability in Salinas’ commercial cannabis industry. The immediate impact can be extrapolated as shown in Table 3.

Using 2021 revenues for illustration, a tax rate of 3% of gross receipts as opposed to 5% would reduce revenue by $267,904 per year. A tax rate of 2.5% would result in a $334,880 reduction in revenue per year. A decrease in the rates for cultivation will have a less dramatic impact on current revenue since this business type is less developed in the City. At $10 per sq ft, the revenue loss is $24,513, at $8.50 per sq ft, it is $31,867, and at $7 per sq ft it is $39,221.

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If City Council decides upon a more aggressive cut in tax rates to $7 per sq ft of canopy for cultivation and 2.5% for manufacturing, the potential annual loss in the immediate short term could be approximately $374,101 per year. To minimize this financial impact to the City, it may be better to take a more moderate approach of $10 per sq ft of canopy for cultivation and 3% for manufacturing resulting in a loss of $292,417. The City can re-evaluate this change after 1-2 years and determine if further reduction is needed.

ATTACHMENTS:
 Commercial Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report, SCI Group Consulting  Overview Presentation of Commercial Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report  SCI Consulting Group Presentation on Commercial Cannabis Taxation Report

CITY OF SALINAS
Commercial Cannabis Taxation
Recommendation Report
August 2022
City of Salinas
Cannabis Taxation Reccomendation Report
August 2022
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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................. 1 Background................................................................................................................................ 1 Summary and Recommendations............................................................................................. 1 Overview of the Salinas Cannabis Market .................................................................... 4 Commercial Cannabis Business Regulation and Permitting...................................................... 4 Cannabis Tax Revenue............................................................................................................... 6 Analysis of Current State and Local Tax Structure ........................................................ 9 State Cannabis Taxes................................................................................................................. 9 Local Cannabis Tax Rate .......................................................................................................... 10 City of Salinas
Cannabis Taxation Reccomendation Report
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List of Tables
Table 1 – Commercial Cannabis Permit (CCP) Quotas..................................................................... 4 Table 2 – CCP: Operational Status ................................................................................................... 5 Table 3 – Administrative Permits: Operational Status..................................................................... 6 Table 4 – Cannabis Tax Rates........................................................................................................... 6 Table 5 – Salinas Cannabis Industry Tax Revenue by Business Type (2017-2022) .......................... 7 Table 6 – Salinas Cannabis Industry Tax Revenue (2017-2022)....................................................... 7 Table 7 – Local Cannabis Tax Rates, Nearby and Selected Cities................................................... 11 Table 8 – Nearby Cannabis Retailers ............................................................................................. 12 Table 9 – Salinas Retail Cannabis Tax Revenue (2017-2022)......................................................... 12 Table 10 – Gross receipt Tax Equivalent at $15 per sqft ............................................................... 14 Table 11 – Gross receipt Tax Equivalent at $10 per sqft ............................................................... 14 Table 12 – Gross receipt Tax Equivalent at $7 per sqft ................................................................. 14 City of Salinas
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Introduction
Background
Commercial Cannabis is regulated in the City of Salinas by Municipal Code Chapter 5 – Public Peace and Morals under Article VII Cannabis. The City regulates the establishment and operation of a limited number of commercial cannabis businesses (23), including cultivation, distribution, manufacturing, retail storefront (dispensaries) and retail delivery services.

The City has an existing cannabis business tax, Measure L, which was approved by Salinas voters in November 2016. The tax rates vary by cannabis business type and were initially set at 5 percent of gross receipts for retail and manufacturing businesses, and $15 and $2 per square foot of canopy space for cultivation and nursery businesses. The original tax rates were scheduled to increase in 2020; however, in December 2019 the Salinas City Council voted to forgo the scheduled increase. Since 2017, the City has generated roughly $7.35 million in tax revenue.

The Salinas City Council has expressed interest in evaluating the current Salinas cannabis market to determine the strength of the businesses and identify impediments to growth including, but not limited to, taxation. To inform these discussions, the City has engaged SCI Consulting Group to perform a comprehensive, financially focused analysis of the cannabis industry in the City and prepare a Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report which makes recommendations regarding the optimal approach to taxation.

This analysis considers existing sales revenue and taxation data, analyzes any financial constraints, and considers the best practices on taxation to maximize revenue, market stability, and economic growth. Additionally, this analysis evaluates tax rates regionally to better understand competitiveness and if this is a barrier to growing the industry in the City.

Summary and Recommendations
The analysis of Salinas’ local cannabis industry indicates that it remains viable, relatively stable with the likelihood of a reasonable, limited growth over time. This is a remarkably positive finding when compared with the dynamic and challenged state of the cannabis industry statewide.

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California’s cannabis industry is quite mature with existing consumer demand being met (and often exceeded) by healthy regulated and non-regulated (black market) businesses. Hence, industry growth, and the associated municipal tax revenue growth, is limited to new consumers drawn to the regulated products by improved marketing, packaging, variety, effects, and safety, as well as existing consumers transitioning from the unregulated market to the regulated market.

These forces affect all links in the supply chain (cultivation, distribution, testing, manufacturing, and retail.)
Long term, the City should understand that high land values and the availability of real estate will likely constrain growth of cultivation and manufacturing businesses within City limits. Retail businesses are limited by a slowly growing local demand (affected by new and newly legal consumer transactions), with some special opportunities for Salinas as a somewhat isolated regional City along the busy US 101 corridor.

The greatest area for significant growth for the City is in the manufacturing sector. Although this sector has matured (and possibly peaked) statewide, there is still huge opportunity to develop, market, and package, new types of products. Salinas is well poised with its proximity to very active cultivation sites in Monterey, San Luis Obispo, and even Santa Barbara Counties, along with its agricultural and industrial capacity and infrastructure.

The City’s current rates, rate structure, number and types of businesses are generally appropriate and well within California norms. The tax revenues are leveling out, becoming more predictable and reliable, with some additional growth projected as more permitted businesses become operational. The City should continue with current policies, making field condition informed, minor adjustments (as recommended below) to tax rates, permit numbers, and types of permits as the marketplace continues to evolve over the next 10 years.

Here are the primary recommendations:
 Maintain the existing gross receipts tax rate of 5 percent on retail businesses.  Reduce the existing tax to a rate between 2.5% and 3% on manufacturing businesses.  Reduce the existing tax to a rate between $7 to $10 per square-foot of canopy on cultivation businesses.
 Maintain the current limit on the number of retail businesses (three (3) delivery and = five (5) storefront).
 Award the final cultivation permit.
 Continue to support active permittees working towards becoming operational businesses.
 Take steps to foster and support growth in the manufacturing business sector, which has the greatest growth potential.
 Continue to carefully facilitate the transition from unregulated cannabis markets to regulated cannabis businesses.

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 Expand on Salinas’ unique history, character, and culture to optimize all facets of the cannabis industry.
 Explore ways to increase opportunities for minority owned local businesses.

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Overview of the Salinas Cannabis Market
Commercial Cannabis Business Regulation and Permitting
The City of Salinas allows all types of commercial cannabis businesses. The City issues two types of commercial cannabis business permits: Commercial Cannabis Permits (CCP) and Administrative Permits (AP). CCPs are issued for Cultivation, Delivery, Dispensary, Distribution, and Manufacturing. Administrative Permits are issued for Testing Laboratories, Small Distribution (business premises under 500 square-feet), Research and Development Facilities, and Nurseries.

Commercial Cannabis Permits
The City of Salinas allows for issuance of a maximum of 23 CCP’s. Since the available permits are limited, the City accepts applications only during designated “rounds”, allowing for applicants to competitively apply for permits. “Table 1” below shows permit quotas, active permits (permits for businesses that are either in operation or working towards operation), and operational businesses as of August 2022.

Table 1 – Commercial Cannabis Permit (CCP) Quotas
Business Type Permit Quota Active Permits Operational Businesses Cultivation 5 3 1
Delivery 3 3 3
Dispensary 5 5 3
Distribution 5 5 2
Manufacturing 5 5 2
Total 23 21 11
“Table 2” below shows the 21 businesses that have been awarded permits and are currently either operational or pursuing operational status. The updated status of the City’s 21 active CCP’s is shown below.

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Table 2 – CCP: Operational Status
Business Name Type Business Status

1. CannaCruz Dispensary Operational

2. Compassionate Bay Delivery Operational

3. Golden Essentials Delivery Operational

4. Purple Trilogy Delivery Operational

5. Cypress Manufacturing Distribution Operational

6. Cypress Manufacturing Manufacturing Operational

7. Emerald Skyway, LLC Dispensary Operational

8. 710 Combinator (Grupo Flor) Manufacturing Operational

9. East of Eden (Grupo Flor) Dispensary Operational

10. Flor X (Grupo Flor) Distribution Operational

11. Flor Cultivation Cultivation Partially Operational

12. Emerald Skyway Manufacturing, LLC Manufacturing Not Operational

13. Emerald Skyway Cultivation, LLC Cultivation Not Operational

14. E7 Salinas, LLC Dispensary Not Operational

15. E7 Salinas, LLC Distribution Not Operational

16. E7 Salinas, LLC Manufacturing Not Operational

17. Horizon Salinas, LLC Dispensary Not Operational

18. Horizon Salinas, LLC Distribution Not Operational

19. Cypress Manufacturing Cultivation Cultivation Not Operational

20. Sanborn Distribution Distribution Not Operational

21. Sanborn Manufacturing Manufacturing Not Operational Eleven (11) businesses are now operational, and ten (10) businesses are still working towards operational status, two of which have previous indefinite extensions. The delays have involved challenges related to physical building improvements and site selection as well as state licensing challenges and newly issued permits.

Administrative Permits
Unlike CCPs, there are no limits on how many administrative permits can be issued for Commercial Cannabis Businesses. Administrative permits can be applied for at any time and do not require review by the Cannabis Selection Committee. Obtaining and maintaining an Administrative Permit is considerably simpler and less expensive in comparison to the CCP process. Nonetheless, applicants for Administrative Permits are still required to obtain a state license. “Table 3” below shows the Administrative Permits that have been issued and remain active (business is operational or is working towards operational status).

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Table 3 – Administrative Permits: Operational Status
Business Name Type Business Status

1. OPM Holdings Dispensary Operational

2. ProForma Labs Delivery Operational

3. American Biotech Testing Delivery Operational
In addition to the three businesses listed above, a number of other applicants have been awarded Administrative Permits but have abandoned the venture prior to achieving operational status.

There have been no Administrative Permit submittals in 2022.

Cannabis Tax Revenue
Measure L, adopted by the voters of Salinas in November 2016, requires certain Commercial Cannabis Businesses to pay a commercial cannabis business tax every quarter, beginning January 1, 2017. The original tax rates were scheduled to increase in 2020; however, in December 2019 Council voted to forgo the scheduled increase. Therefore, the rates listed below remain in effect. “Table 4” lists the rates levied on each business type and the maximum tax rates.

Table 4 – Cannabis Tax Rates
Business Type Current Rate Maximum Rate
Retail (Dispensary) 5% of Gross Receipts 10% of Gross Receipts Retail Delivery 5% of Gross Receipts 10% of Gross Receipts Manufacturing 5% of Gross Receipts 10% of Gross Receipts Cultivation $15/sf of Canopy $25/sf of Canopy
Nursery $2/sf of Canopy $5/sf of Canopy
Distribution No Tax No Tax
Testing No Tax No Tax
“Table 5” below shows cannabis revenue by businesses type that conducted commercial cannabis operations from 2017 through 2022. The taxes collected to date have been generated by just nine (9) businesses. “Table 6” compares the total cannabis industry tax revenue from 2017 through 2022.

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Table 5 – Salinas Cannabis Industry Tax Revenue by Business Type (2017-2022) Business Type 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Delivery $38,989 $102,917 $117,138 $197,395 $134,572 $16,600 Dispensary IA $285,475 $949,762 $1,124,674 $1,221,626 $333,647 Cultivation IA IA IA $8,679 $73,539 $19,200
Manufacturing $335,380 $482,057 $561,413 $511,284 $669,760 $168,926 Total $374,369 $870,449 $1,628,314 $1,842,033 $2,099,497 $538,373 IA = business type was inactive during this term, i.e. not yet conducting commercial operations and paying the cannabis business tax
Table 6 – Salinas Cannabis Industry Tax Revenue (2017-2022) Year Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 TOTAL + / -
2017 $374,369
2018 $120,737 $143,839 $328,894 $276,979 $870,449 133%
2019 $343,833 $432,000 $409,701 $442,779 $1,628,314 87% 2020 $470,916 $503,765 $357,502 $509,849 $1,842,033 13% 2021 $536,363 $525,501 $514,153 $449,941 $2,025,958 10% 2022 $448,552 $362,404 $810,956
Q = Quarter (three-month period)
The Cannabis Business Tax was a new tax revenue for the City beginning in 2017. The total cannabis tax revenue significantly increased between 2018 and 2019 as new business within the City became operational. In recent years, tax revenue has continued to increase, although at a much lower rate, increasing by approximately 13% from 2019 to 2020 and 10% from 2020 to 2021.

Analysis of the tax revenue collected through the first two quarters of 2022 indicate that the cannabis revenues are beginning to flatten out as detailed in the Figure below. Tax revenues for Q1 and Q2 of 2022 are down 16% (-$153,138) compared to the previous two quarters in 2021 (Q3 and Q4). The reduction in revenue for 2022 is partially caused by late tax payments, as four business were late on their 2022 Q2 tax payments to the City at the time of writing this report.

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Figure 1 – Historic Tax Revenue
However, further analysis of the historical revenues by business type indicates a significant decline in retail revenues. Retail tax revenues for Q1 and Q2 of 2022 are down 21% (-$137,242) compared to the previous two quarters in 2021 (Q3 and Q4). This decline is most likely attributed to the current economic conditions and high interest rates, which may have resulted in the reduction of cannabis purchases. Nonetheless, retail tax revenue should restore to previous levels when the economy recovers.

While tax revenues for 2022 are currently on a projection to decline, tax revenues for the remaining 2022 quarters (Q3 and Q4) and 2023 have the potential to surpass the previous year’s total if additional businesses initiate operations.
$0
$500,000
$1,000,000
$1,500,000
$2,000,000
$2,500,000
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Cannabis Industry Tax Revenue by Quarter
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
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Analysis of Current State and Local Tax Structure
The legal, regulated cannabis industry in California has seen significant growth and investment over the past few years. Despite this growth, the regulated industry has fallen well below its initial projections due to its inability to eliminate the illegal market.

The combination of regulatory and licensing costs and administrative burdens; high taxes, and local bans affecting large areas of the State are all factors that have contributed to significant delay to full emergence of the legal industry. Further, legalization has resulted in huge increases in cultivation both legal and (albeit counter-intuitively) illegal, while demand has only grown slightly, resulting in an overproduction of wholesale cannabis and a huge drop in prices, thus a reduction in profitability.

Most estimates indicate that 65 percent to 80 percent of all cannabis commerce in California is still unregulated, and it will likely take 10 or more years of enforcement, incentives, and capitalistic forces to reduce that to a more reasonable 10%.

It is expected that the California cannabis industry will continue to undulate dynamically under market and regulatory forces, but that these will decrease over time.

State Cannabis Taxes
Approval of Proposition 64 in November 2016 by California voters imposed two new cannabis taxes: a state excise tax of 15% on purchases of cannabis or cannabis products and a wholesale cultivation tax of $9.25 per dry-weight ounce of cannabis flower and $2.75 dry-weight ounce of leaves or trim. The State cultivation tax, which is indexed for inflation, increased to $10.08 per ounce and $3.00 per ounce for the 2022 calendar year. In addition to the cultivation and excise tax, commercial cannabis sales are subject to the sales and use tax, which is 9.25% in the City of Salinas.

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Assembly Bill 195
On June 30, of 2022, California Governor Gavin Newsom signed Assembly Bill 195, which amends the California Revenue and eliminates the cultivation tax 1 . Effective July 1, 2022, harvested cannabis that enters the commercial cannabis market is no longer subject to the cultivation tax.

Under AB-195, the cannabis excise tax will be maintained at the current rate of 15% for the next three years but can be increased up to 19% beginning in 2025 to recoup losses from the elimination of the cultivation taxes. Furthermore, effective January 1, 2023, the collection of the excise tax will shift from distributors to retailers.

Local Cannabis Tax Rate
During the early years of legalization, high local cannabis tax rates were very common across the State and for the most part acceptable amongst the cannabis industry when profit margins were high. Some of the early adopters in the State to legalize cannabis, approved cannabis tax rates across all license types as high as 10% - 15% of gross receipts and $25/sf for cultivation. However, as the regulated cannabis industry has matured, the combination of increased market competition, rising licensing and regulatory costs, and the collapse of wholesale cannabis prices has pushed the industry to the brink of collapse.

Local tax rates have been trending downward and stabilizing to a sustainable rate across the State due in part to local governments trying to maintain a competitive edge with neighboring jurisdictions who have legalized commercial cannabis and recognizing the need to grant tax relief for cannabis businesses.
“Table 7” below compares the current Salinas cannabis tax rates to the rates of nearby jurisdictions. For the most part, Salinas’ current tax rates are comparable and competitive with nearby cities.
1 https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB195 City of Salinas
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Table 7 – Local Cannabis Tax Rates, Nearby and Selected Cities Cultivation Nursery Manufacture Distributor Testing Retail Hollister $7/sf 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
Marina 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
Merced 2.5% 2.5% $2.50/sf 2% $0/sf 7%
Monterey1 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 4%
Pacific
Grove1 NA NA NA NA NA 6%
Salinas $15/sf $2/sf 5% NA NA 5%
Santa Cruz 7% 7% 7% 2% 1% 7%
Seaside 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 6%
Watsonville $10/sf $1/sf 2.5% NA NA 5%
1 Measures on November 2022 General Election
Retailers
Retailers (Storefront and Delivery) are the most localized of all cannabis business types because they serve the needs of a particular geographic area. While cultivators, manufacturers, and distributors have the ability to sell their products to other businesses throughout the State, retailers serve the local community by selling cannabis products directly to customers. As a result, the growth and success of retailers in Salinas is directly related to the market demand for cannabis in the area.

For the purpose of determining how many retailers Salinas can support, it is reasonable to assume that demand for cannabis in the City will remain constant. Therefore, permitting too many cannabis retailers will not increase demand or create new consumers but will simply result in lower sales volumes per retailer. In other words, the local retail market will eventually reach a saturation point.

Cannabis retailers have been operating in the City since 2018. Retailers are currently capped at five (5) storefront businesses and three (3) delivery businesses. As of August 2022, the City has issued all available CCPs for both business types; however, two of the storefront businesses are not currently operational.

A common metric used to determine how many retail businesses a jurisdiction can support assumes one retailer for every 15,000 to 20,000 people. With eight (8) permitted retailers, the City currently has a population per retailer of 19,500. Under this assumption, the City has reached the market density of retailers that they can reasonably support.

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Table 8 – Nearby Cannabis Retailers
City/County Population Retailers Population per Retailer Capitola 10,090 2 5,045
Marina 40,100 3 13,367
Salinas 156,177 8 19,522
Santa Cruz 65,011 5 13,002
Seaside 34,063 7 4,866
Watsonville 52,398 3 17,466
Next, we analyzed the retail tax revenues collected by the City to determine whether the retail cannabis market has reached its saturation point. From 2017 to 2020, the tax revenue collected by the City steadily increased as six of the City’s eight permitted retail businesses became operational. Revenue from 2020 to 2021 increased by only 3 percent, which may indicate that the market is nearing the saturation point. Furthermore, tax revenues for Q1 and Q2 of 2022 are down 21 percent compared to the previous two quarters in 2021 (Q3 and Q4); however, this is most likely to due to current state of the economy which is impacting retail purchases by consumers as previously discussed.

Table 9 – Salinas Retail Cannabis Tax Revenue (2017-2022) Year Retail Delivery TOTAL + / -
2017 IA $38,989 $38,989
2018 $285,475 $102,917 $388,392 896%
2019 $949,762 $117,138 $1,066,900 175%
2020 $1,124,674 $197,395 $1,322,069 24%
2021 $1,221,626 $134,572 $1,356,199 3%
2022* $501,709 $16,600 $518,309
* Tax revenue reported through two quarters
Although the retail industry in Salinas as a whole has experienced growth up until this year, the delivery businesses have not been as successful in comparison to storefront retailers, as indicated by the tax revenue collected by the City. Delivery businesses are in direct competition with the storefront retailers in the City, licensed delivery services from other jurisdictions, and Salinas is somewhat isolated from other populous areas, which makes this a difficult business model to be successful.

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Based on the analysis above, there are indications that retail cannabis market in the City is reaching its saturation point. Given that there are two permitted retail businesses who are not yet operational, it is recommended that the City not consider permitting additional retail locations at this time and instead, continue to support the active permittees working towards becoming operational businesses. Lastly, SCI recommends that the City maintain the current gross receipts tax rate of 5 percent on retail. This rate is currently competitive with nearby municipalities as well as the standard rate SCI typically recommends to municipalities that we work with.

Cultivation
In recent years, the cannabis cultivation sector has faced some unprecedented challenges. An oversupply of cultivated cannabis has resulted in a crash in wholesale cannabis prices. This, combined with high local and state taxes has pushed the industry towards collapse. The elimination of the state cultivation tax provides much needed tax relief to cannabis cultivators.

However, tax reform may be required locally in Salinas as well.

Cannabis cultivation in Salinas is currently taxed at $15 per square-foot of canopy space, which is much higher than many neighboring jurisdictions as detailed in “Table 6” above. A square -footage tax has advantages and disadvantages for Salinas cannabis businesses. The advantage is that cultivators know their total annual tax liability upfront and have the ability to plan and budget accordingly. The downside is that a square-foot based tax can impact the cost of production and fails to account for profitability of the business since the business is required to pay the tax regardless of productive output.

To better understand overall impact of the square-footage tax, SCI has developed on model to convert the City’s square-foot tax to an equivalent gross receipt tax. A study conducted by BOTEC Analysis for the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board conservatively estimated the average indoor cultivation yield at 38.6 grams/ft2 /harvest, or 0.085 pounds/ft2 /harvest2 . Indoor
cultivators typically average four (4) harvest cycles per year, which equates to 0.34 pounds/f t
2 /year. For a 10,000 square foot cultivation facility, this means they can produce around 3,400 pounds per year.
2 Jonathan Caulkins, Matthew Cohen, and Luigi Zamarra, “Estimating Adequate Licensed Square Footage for Production,” Prepared by BOTEC Analysis Corporation for Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board, https://lcb.wa.gov/publications/Marijuana/BOTEC%20reports/5a_Cannabis_Yields-Final.pdf.

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Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report
August 2022

Page 14 ends

According to Cannabis Benchmarks, the current average indoor price of cannabis is $1,364 per pound3
. For our model, we have conservatively estimated the price at $1,000 per pound which equates to roughly $3.4 million in gross receipts for a 10,000 square foot facility. At the City’s current tax rate of $15 per square foot, the annual cannabis tax owed is $150,000, so the gross receipt tax equivalent works out to roughly 4.41% ($3.4 million/$150,000).

The tables below model the gross receipt tax equivalent for tax rates at $15, $10, and $7:

Table 10 – Gross receipt Tax Equivalent at $15 per sqft Canopy
(sf)
Yield @

0.34lb/sf/yr
Price per
lb
Gross
Receipts
Tax @
$15/sf
Gross Receipt
Equivalent

10,000.00 3400.00 $1,000 $3,400,000 $150,000 4.41%
Table 11 – Gross receipt Tax Equivalent at $10 per sqft Canopy
(sf)
Yield @

0.34lb/sf/yr
Price per
lb
Gross
Receipts
Tax @
$10/sf
Gross Receipt
Equivalent

10,000.00 3400.00 $1,000 $3,400,000 $100,000 2.94%
Table 12 – Gross receipt Tax Equivalent at $7 per sqft
Our analysis indicates that the City’s current rate of $15 per square foot is much higher than nearby municipalities. Typically, SCI recommends a tax rate at $7 per square-foot for cultivation businesses. In order to remain competitive with nearby municipalities and to provide tax relief, SCI recommends that the City consider lowering the cultivation tax to a rate between $7 and $10 per square foot. While this reduction will result in a reduction in tax revenues from each business, it may incentivize the three non-operational businesses to commence operations. 3 https://www.cannabisbusinesstimes.com/cannabisindex/
Canopy (sf) Yield @

0.34lb/sf/yr
Price per
lb
Gross
Receipts
Tax @
$7/sf
Gross Receipt
Equivalent
10,000.00 3400.00 $1,000 $3,400,000 $70,000 2.06%
City of Salinas
Cannabis Taxation Recommendation Report
August 2022

Page 15 ends

Manufacturing
The cannabis manufacturing industry continues to innovate and expand, offering the greatest area for significant growth within the cannabis industry. Although this sector has matured (and possibly peaked) very rapidly statewide, there is still significant opportunity to develop, market, and package new types of products. As the regulated market continues to slowly expand, we anticipate the demand for manufactured cannabis products to increase as well.

Due to Salinas’ close proximity to very active cultivation sites in Monterey, San Luis Obispo, and even Santa Barbara Counties, along with its agricultural and industrial- capacity and infrastructure make it an attractive location for prospective businesses. However, low vacancy rates within the industrial zones in the City may impede growth. Furthermore, expansion of the cannabis manufacturing sector could potentially create an increased demand and price for the limited number of available properties, resulting in the displacement of existing businesses, which may not align with the City’s goals.

Cannabis manufacturing businesses are currently capped at five (5) business within the City. The City has issued all five permits, with two (2) operational businesses and three (3) businesses who have not yet started operations. Overall, the two manufacturing businesses have displayed steady growth with tax revenues fluctuating quarter to quarter but increasing each year. Despite this growth, these businesses have expressed concerns with profitability related to the existing tax rates associated with manufacturing in the City.

Manufacturing businesses are currently taxed at 5 percent of gross receipts. Our analysis indicates that this rate is comparable and competitive to other nearby municipalities, but there are surrounding cities with lower rates. Typically, SCI recommends a tax rate between 2% - 3% of gross receipts for manufacturing businesses. SCI recommends that the City consider lowering the manufacturing tax to a rate between 2.5% and 3%. While this reduction will result in a reduction in tax revenues from each business, it may incentivize the remaining three non-operational businesses to commence operations.

Commercial Cannabis Taxation
Recommendation Report
Megan Hunter, Community Development Director
August 23, 2022
City Council
Background
• February 15th – Annual report on commercial cannabis industry presented to Council
• At meeting, business owners expressed concern about taxation rates for cultivation and manufacturing
• Council directed staff to hire a consultant to complete a recommendation report on taxation
• After conducting an RFP process, a resolution was approved to contract with SCI Consulting Group
• August 16th – Cannabis Subcommittee met to review report Discussion
SCI Group to present on Report
CEQA
Not a Project. The City of Salinas has determined that the proposed action is not a project as defined by CEQA Guidelines Section 15378 because the proposed action and this matter have no potential to cause any effect on the environment.

Fiscal and Sustainability Impact
Business Type Base Year
2021
$10 sq ft/
3%
$8.50 sq ft/

2.5%
$7 sq ft/

2.5%
Cultivation $73,539 $49,026 $41,672 $34,318
Manufacturing $669,760 $401,856 $334,880 $334,880
Total Revenue $743,299 $450,882 $376,552 $369,198
Potential Loss N/A $292,417 $366,747 $374,101
City of Salinas – Cannabis
Taxation Recommendation
Report

KYLE TANKARD, SENIOR CONSULTANT

SCI CONSULTING GROUP
AUGUST 23, 2022
Overview of Salinas Cannabis Industry
• The City issues two types of commercial cannabis permits: Commercial Cannabis Permits (CCP) and Administrative Permits (AP)
oCPPs are applicable to Cultivation, Delivery, Dispensary, Distribution, and Manufacturing (Capped at 23 permits)
o APs applicable to Testing Laboratories, Small Distribution (premise under 500 sqft), Research and Development Facilities, and Nurseries
Commercial Cannabis Permit Status
• The City has issued 21 permits out of a total of 23
o11 operational businesses
o10 businesses working on land use entitlements or building permits Business Type Permit Quota Active Permits Operational Businesses Cultivation 5 3 1
Delivery 3 3 3
Dispensary 5 5 3
Distribution 5 5 2
Manufacturing 5 5 2
Total 23 21 11
Cannabis Business Tax (SMC Chapter 19A)
• Cannabis Business Tax effective January 1, 2017
o Tax imposed on Retail (Dispensary & Delivery), Cultivation (including Nurseries), and Manufacturing o Council voted to forgo scheduled tax increase under SMC Sec. 19A.10.070 (December 2019) Business Type Current Rate Maximum Rate
Retail (Dispensary) 5% of Gross Receipts 10% of Gross Receipts Retail Delivery 5% of Gross Receipts 10% of Gross Receipts Manufacturing 5% of Gross Receipts 10% of Gross Receipts Cultivation $15/sf of Canopy $25/sf of Canopy
Nursery $2/sf of Canopy $5/sf of Canopy
Distribution No Tax No Tax
Testing No Tax No Tax
Tax Revenue (2017-2022)
• $7.5 million in tax revenue since 2017
oTax revenues have increased each year, but are beginning to flatten out oTax revenues are on a projection to decrease in 2022
Year Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 TOTAL + / -
2017 $374,369
2018 $120,737 $143,839 $328,894 $276,979 $870,449 133%
2019 $343,833 $432,000 $409,701 $442,779 $1,628,314 87% 2020 $470,916 $503,765 $357,502 $509,849 $1,842,033 13% 2021 $536,363 $525,501 $514,153 $449,941 $2,025,958 10% 2022 $448,552 $362,404 $810,956
Q = Quarter (three month period)
Tax Revenue (2022)
• Through two quarters in 2022:
o Tax revenues are down 16% compared to the previous two quarters o Four businesses late on 2022 Q2 tax payments
California Cannabis Industry
• Significant growth in the regulated cannabis industry since 2016, but has fallen short of initial projections
o State tax revenues are down in 2022
• Key industry challenges:
o High fees, taxes, and regulatory burdens
o Robust illegal market is undercutting regulated market sales o Oversupply of cultivated cannabis and the lack of retail locations statewide has resulted in the collapse of wholesale cannabis prices
Changes to State Tax Structure
• 15% excise tax on retail cannabis purchases
• Cultivation tax of $10.08 per ounce
• Assembly Bill 195 (June 2022):
o Effective July 1, 2022, the cultivation tax has been eliminated o Excise tax maintained at 15% for next three years
o Excise tax can be increased up to 19% in 2025
Local Tax Structure
• High local tax rates common during early years of legalization and regulation o Acceptable amongst cannabis industry when profit margins were high • Local tax rates trending downward as:
o Local governments recognize the need for tax relief
o Matching of tax rates by neighboring jurisdictions
Local Cannabis Tax Rates
Cultivation Nursery Manufacture Distributor Testing Retail Hollister $7/sf 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
Marina 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
Merced 2.5% 2.5% $2.50/sf 2% $0/sf 7%
Monterey1 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 4%
Pacific
Grove1 NA NA NA NA NA 6%
Salinas $15/sf $2/sf 5% NA NA 5%
Santa Cruz 7% 7% 7% 2% 1% 7%
Seaside 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 6%
Watsonville $10/sf $1/sf 2.5% NA NA 5%
1 Measures on November 2022 General Election
Taxation Recommendations
• Maintain the existing gross receipts tax rate of 5% on retail businesses • Reduce the existing tax to a rate between 2.5% and 3% on manufacturing businesses • Reduce the existing tax to a rate between $7 to $10 per square foot of canopy on cultivation businesses.

Permitting Recommendations
• Maintain the current limit on the number of retail businesses (3 delivery and 5 storefront)
• Award the final cultivation permit
• Continue to support active permittees working towards becoming operational businesses
Economic Development Recommendations
• Take steps to foster and support growth in the manufacturing business sector, which has the greatest growth potential
• Continue to carefully facilitate the transition from unregulated cannabis markets to regulated cannabis businesses
• Work on expanding cannabis opportunities to minority owned, local businesses. • Expand on Salinas’ unique history, character, and culture to optimize all facets of the cannabis industry.

City of Salinas
Legislation Text
200 Lincoln Ave., Salinas,
CA 93901
www.cityofsalinas.org
File #: ID#22-366, Version: 1
Minutes
Approve minutes of June 14, 2022.

City of Salinas Page 1 of 1 Printed on 8/9/2022
powered by Legistar™
City of Salinas
Legislation Text
200 Lincoln Ave., Salinas,
CA 93901
www.cityofsalinas.org
File #: ID#22-436, Version: 1
Minutes
Approve minutes of June 21, 2022 and August 9, 2022.

City of Salinas Page 1 of 1 Printed on 8/17/2022
powered by Legistar™
City of Salinas
Legislation Text
200 Lincoln Ave., Salinas,
CA 93901
www.cityofsalinas.org
File #: ID#22-471, Version: 1
Financial Claims
Approve financial claims report.

City of Salinas Page 1 of 1 Printed on 8/17/2022
powered by Legistar™
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
458829 06/21/2022 Open $2,116.41
458831 06/21/2022 Open $2,449.99
458832 06/21/2022 Open $950.66
458838 06/21/2022 Open $8,980.00
458843 06/21/2022 Open $1,336.30
458850 06/21/2022 Open $1,046.95
458856 06/21/2022 Open $3,500.00
458857 06/21/2022 Open $1,313.92
458859 06/21/2022 Open $75.00
458860 06/21/2022 Open $561.50
458869 06/21/2022 Open $7,040.00
458870 06/21/2022 Open $46,778.02
458875 06/21/2022 Open $6,587.50
458888 06/21/2022 Open $1,343.05
458901 06/21/2022 Open $2,000.00
458902 06/21/2022 Open $685.00
458905 06/21/2022 Open $23.00
458906 06/21/2022 Open $23.00
458907 06/21/2022 Open $23.00
458908 06/21/2022 Open $23.00
458914 06/21/2022 Open $128.00
458919 06/21/2022 Open $3,900.00
458925 06/21/2022 Open $272.81
458926 06/21/2022 Open $17.92
458928 06/21/2022 Open $3,662.00
458932 06/21/2022 Open $137.39
458939 06/21/2022 Open $195.00
458942 06/21/2022 Open $731.25
458943 06/21/2022 Open $2,400.00
458949 06/21/2022 Open $1,532.27
458953 06/21/2022 Open $8,692.00
458957 06/21/2022 Open $114.00
458959 06/21/2022 Open $230.70
458960 06/21/2022 Open $900.00
458967 06/21/2022 Open $5,910.37
458969 06/21/2022 Open $6,351.68
458977 06/21/2022 Open $2,776.95
458997 06/21/2022 Open $4,984.71
458999 06/21/2022 Open $1,877.87
459001 06/21/2022 Open $673.96
459003 06/21/2022 Open $2,913.97
Paul Dedrick dba Blinds 4 Design
Petsmart
Pinnacle Peak Holding Corp. dba Setcom Corp.

MJ Communications, Inc
Office Depot Business Service Division
Pacific Products and Services LLC
Mackay Motor Parts, Inc dba Napa Auto Parts
Main Street Bakery
Miovision Technologies Inc
Johnson Associates
Laurel Grove Evergreen SPE, Llc
Liebert Cassidy Whitmore
International Association for Property and Evidenc
Jahaira Paola Navarro dba Dance Into Fitness with
James Lewis
Green Rubber Kennedy Ag
Harvest Properties Management
Hilda Garcia Petty Cash Custodian
Eric Ruloph
Francisco Leal
Great West Equipment
DMV Investigations Division
DMV Investigations Division
DMV Investigations Division
Digital NEST
Dilbeck And Sons
DMV Investigations Division
CDW-G
ClientFirst Consulting Group, LLC dba ClientFirst
CMP-1, LLC dba Cambridge Court Apartments Homes
California Society Of Municipal Finance Officers
California Towing and Transport
Carlos R Ramirez dba Old Stage Holding Company LLC
Bay Property Management
Broadcast Microwave Services, Llc
CALIFA Group
Aidee Farias
Amanda Liang
Applied Maintenance Supplies & Solutions LLC
General Account - General Account
Check
10-8 Uniforms LLC
Ace High Designs, Inc.

City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
Pages: 1 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459004 06/21/2022 Open $1,335.00
459017 06/21/2022 Open $4,425.00
459022 06/21/2022 Open $34,141.23
459023 06/21/2022 Open $236.16
459024 06/21/2022 Open $122.75
459026 06/21/2022 Open $800.00
459028 06/21/2022 Open $20,000.00
459029 06/21/2022 Open $8,800.00
459030 06/21/2022 Open $4,200.00
459033 06/21/2022 Open $2,414.75
459040 06/21/2022 Open $1,213.80
459043 06/21/2022 Open $5,312.33
459044 06/21/2022 Open $58.80
459046 06/21/2022 Open $1,693.64
459047 06/21/2022 Open $150.00
459050 06/21/2022 Open $503.22
459054 06/21/2022 Open $62,046.88
459055 06/21/2022 Open $4,985.59
459067 06/21/2022 Open $1,883.05
459068 06/21/2022 Open $2,914.90
459078 06/21/2022 Open $162.72
459082 06/28/2022 Open $1,923.68
459083 06/28/2022 Open $6,543.98
459084 06/28/2022 Open $180.00
459085 06/28/2022 Open $290.00
459086 06/28/2022 Open $4,207.32
459087 06/28/2022 Open $1,294.04
459088 06/28/2022 Open $565.72
459089 06/28/2022 Open $1,193.40
459090 06/28/2022 Open $9,223.46
459091 06/28/2022 Open $20,927.50
459092 06/28/2022 Open $1,000.00
459093 06/28/2022 Open $1,005.10
459094 06/28/2022 Open $1,404.51
459095 06/28/2022 Open $16,150.00
459096 06/28/2022 Open $375.00
459097 06/28/2022 Open $1,433.17
459098 06/28/2022 Open $711.56
459099 06/28/2022 Open $72,773.67
459100 06/28/2022 Open $143,005.23
459101 06/28/2022 Open $1,469.53
Central Coast Center For Independent
Cintas
California Water Service
Canon Financial Services Inc
CDW-G
BrightView Landscape Services, Inc
Business Oriented Software Solutions, Inc
California Towing and Transport
Bear Electrical Solutions Inc
Bianca Navarro
Botach Inc.

Aramark Uniform & Career Apparel Group, Inc
Arrowhead Forensics
Assured Aggregates Company Inc
All Safe Security Alarm
Amazon.Com
American Supply Company
4 Imprint
72 Hour LLC dba Chevrolet of Watsonville/National
Adriana Robles
Wayne Boyer dba Motoport USA
Wayne Lagger dba LPS Tactical & Personal Security
Alexander Vallejo
Tomo Books USA
University Corporation at Monterey Bay
Valley Fabrication Inc
Sun Badge Company
Tactical Medical Solutions Inc
Target Pest Control
San Jose Motosport, Inc dba San Jose BMW
Stephen Belcher
Summit Uniform
Salinas Valley Tourism And Visitors Bureau
Salvador Cuevas
Salvatore Genovese
Salinas City School District
Salinas City School District
Salinas Union High School District
PLM Lender Services Inc
Robert Ames
Salinas Apartment Holdings, LLC
Pages: 2 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459102 06/28/2022 Open $390.30
459103 06/28/2022 Open $17,288.00
459104 06/28/2022 Open $202.11
459105 06/28/2022 Open $21,186.00
459106 06/28/2022 Open $13,320.00
459107 06/28/2022 Open $863.00
459108 06/28/2022 Open $1,330.00
459109 06/28/2022 Open $25,635.79
459110 06/28/2022 Open $5,406.49
459111 06/28/2022 Open $16,000.00
459112 06/28/2022 Open $163.62
459113 06/28/2022 Open $27.30
459114 06/28/2022 Open $14.00
459115 06/28/2022 Open $294.44
459116 06/28/2022 Open $18,194.22
459117 06/28/2022 Open $9.09
459118 06/28/2022 Open $67,500.00
459119 06/28/2022 Open $407.50
459120 06/28/2022 Open $213,281.51
459121 06/28/2022 Open $11,505.00
459122 06/28/2022 Open $300.00
459123 06/28/2022 Open $2,500.00
459124 06/28/2022 Open $1,638.75
459125 06/28/2022 Open $22,877.00
459126 06/28/2022 Open $109.03
459127 06/28/2022 Open $6,676.90
459128 06/28/2022 Open $26,341.19
459129 06/28/2022 Open $670.00
459130 06/28/2022 Open $684.07
459131 06/28/2022 Open $103.63
459132 06/28/2022 Open $1,000.00
459133 06/28/2022 Open $121.94
459134 06/28/2022 Open $2,439.52
459135 06/28/2022 Open $3,370.90
459136 06/28/2022 Open $9,959.99
459137 06/28/2022 Open $2,000.00
459138 06/28/2022 Open $9,000.00
459139 06/28/2022 Open $594.00
459140 06/28/2022 Open $5,907.50
459141 06/28/2022 Open $1,665.40
459142 06/28/2022 Open Midwest Tape, LLC dba Midwest Tape $584.17 Linda Marie Parks
Lisa Marie Vetter dba Tour de force Speakers
Mandego Apparel
L.N. Curtis & Sons dba Curtis Blue Line
Law Enforcement Psychological Services
LexisNexis dba Coplogic, Inc.

Kanco Inc. / Mighty Auto Parts
Kelly-Moore Paint Company
Kosmont & Associates, Inc. dba Kosmont Companies
Interstate Battery System Inc
Johnson Associates
Juliane Sharpe
Ingram Book Company
Interim Inc
International Economic Development Council
Hero Industries Inc
Hootsuite Inc.

Hydro Turf
Harris and Associates
Heather A Hardee dba Hardee Polygraph Services
Hemi's Landscaping and Concrete Inc
Govred Technology, Inc.

Granite Rock Co
Granite Rock Co
Ferguson US Hodings, Inc dba Ferguson Enterprises
Franciscan Workers Of Junipero Serra
Gold Star Motors dba Gold Star Buick GMC
Edges Electrical Group, LLC
Fastenal Company
Fed Ex
Don Chapin Inc
East Bay Tire Company
Echelon Training
De Novo Planning Group
Department Of Justice
Dilbeck And Sons

CONCERN
Cook's Photography, Inc.

CSG Consultants
Coast Automotive Warehouse Inc
Pages: 3 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459143 06/28/2022 Open $319.00
459144 06/28/2022 Open $463.00
459145 06/28/2022 Open $6,985.78
459146 06/28/2022 Open $3,967.00
459147 06/28/2022 Open $581.79
459148 06/28/2022 Open $12,270.87
459149 06/28/2022 Open $3,106.39
459150 06/28/2022 Open $450.00
459151 06/28/2022 Open $203.46
459152 06/28/2022 Open $255.19
459153 06/28/2022 Open $170.00
459154 06/28/2022 Open $682.00
459155 06/28/2022 Open $19.76
459156 06/28/2022 Open $1,293.13
459157 06/28/2022 Open $5,874.49
459158 06/28/2022 Open $862.02
459159 06/28/2022 Open $373.50
459160 06/28/2022 Open $25.25
459161 06/28/2022 Open $138.33
459162 06/28/2022 Open $27,847.50
459163 06/28/2022 Open $300.00
459164 06/28/2022 Open $5,294.00
459165 06/28/2022 Open $3,750.00
459166 06/28/2022 Open $342.46
459167 06/28/2022 Open $1,168.14
459168 06/28/2022 Open $7,496.01
459169 06/28/2022 Open $928.83
459170 06/28/2022 Open $140.00
459171 06/28/2022 Open $276.05
459172 06/28/2022 Open $813.96
459173 06/28/2022 Open $7,866.73
459174 06/28/2022 Open $1,960.50
459175 06/28/2022 Open $464.90
459177 06/28/2022 Open $5.78
459178 06/28/2022 Open $3,441.24
459179 06/28/2022 Open $1,663.45
459180 06/28/2022 Open $668.11
459181 06/28/2022 Open $51,021.25
459182 06/28/2022 Open $90.00
459183 06/28/2022 Open $1,083.00
459184 06/28/2022 Open $150.00
Smokey Key Service
Snap-On Tools Corporation
State of California Chief of Division Disbursement
Shepard AV LLC dba McCune Audio Visual Lighting
Smart and Final Iris
Smith and Enright Landscaping
Salinas Valley Ford Inc
San Lorenzo Lumber
Shawn Miguel Russell dba Russell Investigations
Ryan Alexander
Salinas City Center Improvement Association
Salinas Urgent Care Doctors On Duty
Roadline Products Inc USA
Russell Auria Pest Control Services
Ruth Maria Milla-Leon dba Andersen's Lock & Safe
Regional Government Services
Republic Services of Salinas
Republic Services of Salinas
Pedro C Estrada Dba Estrada Janitorial Service
Pinnacle Medical Group Inc dba Pinnacle Healthcare
Ralph A Brigantino & Nicholas S Davis dba Briganti
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Patricia Meraz
Pavement Engineering, Inc
One Workplace L Ferrari, LLC dba Peninsula Busines
Pacific Coast Battery Service Inc
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Natividad Medical Center
O'Reilly Auto Parts
Office Depot Business Service Division
Monterey One Water
MP Express
My Chevrolet
Monterey County District Attorney
Monterey County District Attorney
Monterey County The Herald
Miracle Playsystems, Inc.

MNS Engineers, Inc
Monterey & Salinas Valley Railroad and Historical
Mike's Appliance, Inc
Mila Rianto
Pages: 4 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459185 06/28/2022 Open $1,043.96
459186 06/28/2022 Open $29,841.97
459187 06/28/2022 Open $14,051.15
459188 06/28/2022 Open $870.00
459189 06/28/2022 Open $485.00
459190 06/28/2022 Open $4,384.34
459191 06/28/2022 Open $1,037.88
459192 06/28/2022 Open $279.00
459193 06/28/2022 Open $30,831.59
459194 06/28/2022 Open $3,906.56
459195 06/28/2022 Open $882.19
459196 06/28/2022 Open $2,476.77
459197 06/28/2022 Open $704.48
459198 06/28/2022 Open $86.75
459199 06/28/2022 Open $91.00
459200 06/28/2022 Open $2,771.69
459201 06/28/2022 Open $95.00
459202 06/28/2022 Open $2,325.00
459203 06/28/2022 Open $1,639.08
459204 06/28/2022 Open $6,550.00
459205 06/28/2022 Open $1,987.44
459206 06/28/2022 Open $3,946.17
459207 06/28/2022 Open $900.00
459208 06/28/2022 Open $284.87
459209 06/28/2022 Open $24.56
459210 06/28/2022 Open $139.65
459211 06/29/2022 Open $427.28
459212 06/29/2022 Open $4,797.27
459213 06/29/2022 Open $347.94
459214 06/29/2022 Open $2,332.48
459215 06/29/2022 Open $3,791.39
459216 06/29/2022 Open $25,009.38
459217 06/29/2022 Open $205.10
459218 06/29/2022 Open $400.00
459219 06/29/2022 Open $1,900.00
459220 06/29/2022 Open $8,357.63
459221 06/29/2022 Open $51.35
459222 06/29/2022 Open $25,404.98
459223 06/29/2022 Open $3,333.79
459224 06/29/2022 Open $2,395.88
459225 06/29/2022 Open $7,052.48
California Water Service
CDW-G
Arrowhead Forensics
BrightView Landscape Services, Inc
California Department of Transportation
Anna Woods
Antonio Trujillo dba Trujillo Landscaping
Armored Mobility
American Supply Company
American Traffic Solutions Inc.

Ana Rueda De Vidales dba J.A.V. Language Solutions
Alameda Electrical Distributors
All Pets Hospital
Amazon.Com
Agrovision Research
Jessen Investments c/o John Jessen
72 Hour LLC dba Chevrolet of Watsonville/National
Witmer Associates Inc
Wonder Wood Ranch
Worldpac
W W Grainger Inc
Wald, Ruhnke & Dost Architects, LLP
WCAF, LLC dba Watsonville Ford
Verizon Wireless
Verizon Wireless Services LLC
Vigilant Solutions, LLC
Vegetable Growers Supply Company
Venissa Rosa Petty Cash Custodian
Verizon Wireless
Valley Saw Shop
Valley Trophies and Detectors
Vals Plumbing and Heating Inc
Tri County Concrete and Supply, Inc
Tri County Fire Protection
U.S. Bank National Association ND
T-Mobile USA dba T-Mobile
Target Pest Control
Todd Hearnsberger dba TH Electric
Stommel Inc dba Lehr
Stryker Sales Corporation
Sturdy Oil Company
Pages: 5 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459226 06/29/2022 Open $329.30
459227 06/29/2022 Open $17,035.50
459228 06/29/2022 Open $396.12
459229 06/29/2022 Open $261.11
459230 06/29/2022 Open $936.76
459231 06/29/2022 Open $143.53
459232 06/29/2022 Open $4,930.73
459233 06/29/2022 Open $125.00
459234 06/29/2022 Open $14,656.00
459235 06/29/2022 Open $409.08
459236 06/29/2022 Open $2,477.61
459237 06/29/2022 Open $213.00
459238 06/29/2022 Open $1,501.02
459239 06/29/2022 Open $320.00
459240 06/29/2022 Open $40,477.90
459241 06/29/2022 Open $793.21
459242 06/29/2022 Open $5,780.00
459243 06/29/2022 Open $5,255.91
459244 06/29/2022 Open $3,191.12
459245 06/29/2022 Open $423.75
459246 06/29/2022 Open $14,798.29
459247 06/29/2022 Open $6,525.00
459248 06/29/2022 Open $333.75
459249 06/29/2022 Open $296.02
459250 06/29/2022 Open $224.12
459251 06/29/2022 Open $378.41
459252 06/29/2022 Open $37.00
459253 06/29/2022 Open $102.41
459254 06/29/2022 Open $27,500.00
459255 06/29/2022 Open $23,000.51
459256 06/29/2022 Open $2,667.89
459257 06/29/2022 Open $23,961.70
459258 06/29/2022 Open $7.57
459259 06/29/2022 Open $8,000.00
459260 06/29/2022 Open $198.33
459261 06/29/2022 Open $2,000.00
459262 06/29/2022 Open $18,146.00
459263 06/29/2022 Open $1,046.00
459264 06/29/2022 Open $33,337.54
459265 06/29/2022 Open $403.78
459266 06/29/2022 Open New Image Landscape Company $300.00 Monterey County Sheriffs Office
Monterey One Water
Monterey Sanitary Supply Inc Altius Medical
Midwest Tape, LLC dba Midwest Tape
Monterey & Salinas Valley Railroad and Historical
Monterey County Office of the District Attorney
LAZ Karp Assoc., LLC dba LAZ Parking California
Life Assist
Main Street Art Studio
Kurt Ashley dba Secure Solutions
L.C. Action
L.N. Curtis & Sons dba Curtis Blue Line
Jose Luis Corral dba Salinas Pizza
Joshua Marmolejo
Kelly-Moore Paint Company
Jesse And Evan Inc dba La Plaza Bakery
Jimenez Autobody Parts, Inc dba C & J Auto Parts
Johnson Associates
Interstate Battery System Inc
Isaac Blum dba Integrated Armament Systems
Jan Roehl Dba Jan Roehl Consulting
Harris and Associates
Hydro Turf
Ingram Book Company
Glasswork by Design
Granite Construction Company
Granite Rock Co
Ferguson US Hodings, Inc dba Ferguson Enterprises
Findaway World LLC
First Alarm Security & Patrol Inc dba An Allied Un
Eduardo Banuelos
Environmental Systems, Inc of Northern California
Fastenal Company
Don Chapin Inc
East Bay Tire Company
Edges Electrical Group, LLC
County of Monterey Information Technology Dept
Covanta Stanislaus
Danielle Clayton
Coast Automotive Warehouse Inc
Pages: 6 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459267 06/29/2022 Open $83.48
459268 06/29/2022 Open $1,051.55
459269 06/29/2022 Open $1,999.99
459270 06/29/2022 Open $1,179.46
459271 06/29/2022 Open $1,807.00
459272 06/29/2022 Open $8,330.86
459273 06/29/2022 Open $1.00
459274 06/29/2022 Open $47.00
459275 06/29/2022 Open $794.42
459276 06/29/2022 Open $11,695.00
459277 06/29/2022 Open $168.59
459278 06/29/2022 Open $38,096.79
459279 06/29/2022 Open $139.95
459280 06/29/2022 Open $226,806.00
459281 06/29/2022 Open $45.00
459282 06/29/2022 Open $1,169.87
459283 06/29/2022 Open $6,491.00
459284 06/29/2022 Open $3,900.00
459285 06/29/2022 Open $151.00
459286 06/29/2022 Open $340.35
459287 06/29/2022 Open $15,000.00
459288 06/29/2022 Open $427.66
459289 06/29/2022 Open $7,000.00
459290 06/29/2022 Open $6,928.94
459291 06/29/2022 Open $775.00
459292 06/29/2022 Open $17,852.62
459293 06/29/2022 Open $40,950.94
459294 06/29/2022 Open $6,516.25
459295 06/29/2022 Open $998.00
459296 06/29/2022 Open $4,013.83
459297 06/29/2022 Open $355.54
459298 06/29/2022 Open $4,706.00
459299 06/29/2022 Open $2,051.54
459300 06/29/2022 Open $3,497.00
459301 06/29/2022 Open $5,939.31
459302 06/29/2022 Open $21,297.46
459303 06/29/2022 Open $595.00
459304 06/29/2022 Open $2,194.60
459305 06/29/2022 Open $3,933.12
459306 06/29/2022 Open $686.43
459307 06/29/2022 Open $1,522.68
Wayne Lagger dba LPS Tactical & Personal Security
WCAF, LLC dba Watsonville Ford
WCDJR LLC dba Watsonville Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram
W&M Marketing Group Inc dba B-Impressed Branding
Wald, Ruhnke & Dost Architects, LLP
Wallace Group A California Corporation
Verizon Wireless
Verizon Wireless
W W Grainger Inc
Valley Fabrication Inc
Valley Saw Shop
Vals Plumbing and Heating Inc
Tina La Perle
Todd Hearnsberger dba TH Electric
TS Government Solutions LLC
Sturdy Oil Company
Target Pest Control
Tiffanys Body Shop
Smith and Enright Landscaping
Smokey Key Service
Spay Neuter Imperative Project California
Serological Research Institute
Shane VanderVeen
Smart and Final Iris
Same Day Shred
San Lorenzo Lumber
Santa Clara Valley Medical
Salinas Toyota
Salinas Valley Ford Inc
Salinas Valley Solid Waste Authority
Rexel USA, Inc dba Platt Electric Supply
Rincon Consultants, Inc.

S and S Worldwide
Place Works Inc
Quality Water Enterprises
Quality Water Enterprises
Omega Industrial Supply Inc
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pinnacle Medical Group Inc dba Pinnacle Healthcare
New York Times
Office Depot Business Service Division
Pages: 7 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459308 06/29/2022 Open $26,983.23
459309 06/29/2022 Open $25,910.47
459310 06/29/2022 Open $285.56
459311 06/29/2022 Open $6,051.69
459312 06/30/2022 Open $32,690.34
459313 06/30/2022 Open $2,222.49
459314 06/30/2022 Open $1,404.19
459315 06/30/2022 Open $367.54
459316 06/30/2022 Open $287.60
459317 06/30/2022 Open $158.19
459318 06/30/2022 Open $565.72
459319 06/30/2022 Open $69.10
459320 06/30/2022 Open $2,949.75
459321 06/30/2022 Open $36,631.00
459322 06/30/2022 Open $3,915.13
459323 06/30/2022 Open $42,537.66
459324 06/30/2022 Open $144.92
459325 06/30/2022 Open $34,800.48
459326 06/30/2022 Open $2,307.96
459327 06/30/2022 Open $750.00
459328 06/30/2022 Open $1,210.33
459329 06/30/2022 Open $24,651.25
459330 06/30/2022 Open $4,034.75
459331 06/30/2022 Open $54,732.96
459332 06/30/2022 Open $937.50
459333 06/30/2022 Open $174.67
459334 06/30/2022 Open $751.04
459335 06/30/2022 Open $3,688.06
459336 06/30/2022 Open $1,200.00
459337 06/30/2022 Open $1,600.00
459338 06/30/2022 Open $262.50
459339 06/30/2022 Open $1,563.50
459340 06/30/2022 Open $1,280.07
459341 06/30/2022 Open $3,562.50
459342 06/30/2022 Open $1,043.46
459343 06/30/2022 Open $300.00
459344 06/30/2022 Open $4,096.88
459345 06/30/2022 Open $1,225.00
459346 06/30/2022 Open $2,300.00
459347 06/30/2022 Open $65,344.00
459348 06/30/2022 Open $17,089.50
Karla's Janitorial & Suppliers, LLC
Kimley Horn And Assoc Inc
Jam Services Inc
Jan Roehl Dba Jan Roehl Consulting
Jimmy Vanhove dba Precision K9
Harris and Associates
HD Supply White Cap Construction Supply
Heather A Hardee dba Hardee Polygraph Services
Global Water Technology, Inc
Goldfarb and Lipman
Green Rubber Kennedy Ag
First Alarm Security & Patrol Inc dba An Allied Un
First Alarm Wellness A Family Counseling Corporati
Formax, LLC
FAST Services
Fastenal Company
Ferguson US Hodings, Inc dba Ferguson Enterprises
Dudek
Edges Electrical Group, LLC
Faro Technologies, Inc
Dataflow Business Systems Inc
DKF Solutions Group LLC
Don Chapin Inc
CDW-G
Cintas
Daniele Brothers Inc dba Dales Glass Shop
Assured Aggregates Company Inc
Blancas Construction, Inc.

California Water Service
Applied Maintenance Supplies & Solutions LLC
Aramark Uniform & Career Apparel Group, Inc
Asap Alisal Signs And Printing
Alhambra and Sierra Spring DS Waters of America LP
Amazon.Com
American Supply Company
ZAP Manufacturing Inc
2NDNATURE, LLC
Acme Car Wash (William Pierce Inc)
Western Systems, Incorporated
Western Systems, Incorporated
Worldpac
Pages: 8 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459349 06/30/2022 Open $3,920.46
459350 06/30/2022 Open $540.25
459351 06/30/2022 Open $456.00
459352 06/30/2022 Open $960.00
459353 06/30/2022 Open $19,524.00
459354 06/30/2022 Open $5,060.00
459355 06/30/2022 Open $135.00
459356 06/30/2022 Open $325.00
459357 06/30/2022 Open $5,833.33
459358 06/30/2022 Open $100.00
459359 06/30/2022 Open $6,194.00
459360 06/30/2022 Open $34,118.70
459361 06/30/2022 Open $39.58
459362 06/30/2022 Open $6,938.69
459363 06/30/2022 Open $23,399.65
459364 06/30/2022 Open $633.84
459365 06/30/2022 Open $1,721.02
459366 06/30/2022 Open $588.00
459367 06/30/2022 Open $146.58
459368 06/30/2022 Open $255.29
459369 06/30/2022 Open $2,160.00
459370 06/30/2022 Open $150.00
459371 06/30/2022 Open $298.23
459372 06/30/2022 Open $10,000.00
459373 06/30/2022 Open $1,431.72
459374 06/30/2022 Open $70,395.89
459375 06/30/2022 Open $12.08
459376 06/30/2022 Open $4,886.91
459377 06/30/2022 Open $311.20
459378 06/30/2022 Open $122,095.33
459379 06/30/2022 Open $4,907.82
459380 06/30/2022 Open $15,183.52
459381 06/30/2022 Open $24,556.50
459382 06/30/2022 Open $407.59
459383 06/30/2022 Open $586.25
459384 06/30/2022 Open $255.00
459385 06/30/2022 Open $420.74
459386 06/30/2022 Open $2,101.64
459387 06/30/2022 Open $929.53
459388 06/30/2022 Open $6,142.76
459389 06/30/2022 Open Tri County Fire Protection $225.19 Tiffanys Body Shop
Todd Hearnsberger dba TH Electric
Tovar Strategies, Inc dba TMD Creative
Summit Uniform
Target Pest Control
The Bakery Station LLC
Sport Supply Group Inc dba BSN Sports
Stryker Sales Corporation
Sturdy Oil Company
Shred-It US JV LLC dba Shred-It USA LLC
Smith and Enright Landscaping
SpeakWrite LLC
Save The Whales
SettlementOne Screening Corporation dba PeopleFact
Shawn Miguel Russell dba Russell Investigations
S & L Investments dba Salinas Valley ProSquad
Salinas Valley Tourism And Visitors Bureau
San Lorenzo Lumber
Quality Water Enterprises
Ramundsen Superior Holdings, LLC dba Superion LLC
Russell Auria Pest Control Services
Pacific Products and Services LLC
Pinnacle Medical Group Inc dba Pinnacle Healthcare
Protel Communications, Inc dba Protelesis Corporat
One Workplace L Ferrari, LLC dba Peninsula Busines
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Newton Construction & Management, Inc
Newton Construction & Management, Inc
Office Depot Business Service Division
Monterey Rotoco, Inc
National Development Council
New Image Landscape Company
McGilloway, Ray, Brown and Kaufman
Monterey County Health Department
Monterey County Weekly
LexisNexis Risk Data Management Inc Accurint Acct
Liebert Cassidy Whitmore
Management Partners Inc
L.N. Curtis & Sons dba Curtis Blue Line
Pages: 9 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459390 06/30/2022 Open $342.33
459391 06/30/2022 Open $1,202.49
459392 06/30/2022 Open $41.46
459393 06/30/2022 Open $710.78
459394 06/30/2022 Open $2,093.24
459395 06/30/2022 Open $66,578.65
459396 06/30/2022 Open $1,966.56
459397 06/30/2022 Open $5,450.00
459398 06/30/2022 Open $3,900.00
459399 07/05/2022 Open $325.44
459400 07/05/2022 Open $385.50
459401 07/05/2022 Open $140.00
459402 07/05/2022 Open $72.00
459403 07/05/2022 Open $880.47
459404 07/05/2022 Open $26.25
459405 07/05/2022 Open $26.25
459406 07/05/2022 Open $75.94
459407 07/05/2022 Open $30.00
459408 07/05/2022 Open $2,400.00
459409 07/05/2022 Open $10,050.00
459410 07/05/2022 Open $700.00
459411 07/12/2022 Open $2,370.44
459412 07/12/2022 Open $96.09
459413 07/12/2022 Open $565.72
459414 07/12/2022 Open $2,370.44
459415 07/12/2022 Open $23,628.00
459416 07/12/2022 Open $2,084.00
459417 07/12/2022 Open $145.00
459418 07/12/2022 Open $4,636.80
459419 07/12/2022 Open $2,199.00
459420 07/12/2022 Open $41.72
459421 07/12/2022 Open $2,433.18
459422 07/12/2022 Open $1,725.00
459423 07/12/2022 Open $2,584.99
459424 07/12/2022 Open $1,871.68
459425 07/12/2022 Open $935.84
459426 07/12/2022 Open $2,200.00
459427 07/12/2022 Open $2,200.00
459428 07/12/2022 Open $2,100.00
459429 07/12/2022 Open $197.82
459430 07/12/2022 Open $2,301.71
Eulalio Villegas-Rivera Petty Cash Custodian
First Alarm
Gabriel Carvey
Elizabeth Roberts
Eulalio Villegas-Rivera Petty Cash Custodian
Eulalio Villegas-Rivera Petty Cash Custodian
Dana Cornelison
Ed Limbo
Eda Herrera
Chris Lane
Coast Automotive Warehouse Inc
Cristina Schlough
California Police Chief Association
California Police Chief Association
Callyo 2009 Corp
Aramark Uniform & Career Apparel Group, Inc
Baron Augustine
Cadence Team, Inc
Sterling Johnson
Adele Frese
Amazon.Com
Zachary Dunagan
2022 CAHN Conference
Qless, Inc.

Nathan Castillo
Ryan Keating
Scott Sutton
Brett Godown
Ciro Barboza
Jorge Magana
West Coast Arborists Inc
Alexander Vallejo
Anthony Cardoza
Wallace Group A California Corporation
Wayne Lagger dba LPS Tactical & Personal Security
Weber Hayes & Associates
Valley Saw Shop
Vision Service Plan
Voyager
United Site Services
USA BlueBook
Pages: 10 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459431 07/12/2022 Open $3,231.52
459432 07/12/2022 Open $2,370.44
459433 07/12/2022 Open $2,604.62
459434 07/12/2022 Open $26.94
459435 07/12/2022 Open $4,230.00
459436 07/12/2022 Open $13,392.00
459437 07/12/2022 Open $1,953.91
459438 07/12/2022 Open $2,199.00
459439 07/12/2022 Open $2,199.00
459440 07/12/2022 Open $197,658.90
459441 07/12/2022 Open $935.84
459442 07/12/2022 Open $815.11
459443 07/12/2022 Open $1,639.65
459444 07/12/2022 Open $2,604.62
459445 07/12/2022 Open $2,370.44
459446 07/12/2022 Open $1,871.68
459447 07/12/2022 Open $2,223.00
459448 07/12/2022 Open $11,490.00
459449 07/12/2022 Open $1,466.00
459450 07/12/2022 Open $2,325.00
459451 07/12/2022 Open $726.00
459452 07/12/2022 Open $935.00
459453 07/12/2022 Open $258.36
459454 07/12/2022 Open $655.39
459455 07/12/2022 Open $2,199.00
459456 07/12/2022 Open $393.25
459457 07/12/2022 Open $233.08
459458 07/12/2022 Open $45.00
459459 07/12/2022 Open $882.66
459460 07/12/2022 Open $935.84
459461 07/12/2022 Open $50.00
459462 07/12/2022 Open $2,115.46
459463 07/12/2022 Open $10,800.00
459464 07/12/2022 Open $167.85
459465 07/12/2022 Open $877.38
459466 07/12/2022 Open $242.00
459467 07/12/2022 Open $681.27
459468 07/12/2022 Open $242.00
459469 07/12/2022 Open $704.00
459470 07/12/2022 Open $404.00
459471 07/12/2022 Open $803.33
David Pritt
Francisco Brambila
Beatriz Trujillo
Cameron Lane
Clifton Smith
WCDJR LLC dba Watsonville Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram
Worldpac
Anthony Avila
Target Pest Control
Timothy James Simpson
Vigilant Solutions, LLC
Same Day Shred
Summit Uniform
Sylvia Garcia
Patrick Haney
Pure Water
Quality Water Enterprises
Monterey County Health Department
O'Reilly Auto Parts
Pacific Truck Parts Inc
Monterey County Health Department
Monterey County Health Department
Monterey County Health Department
Michael Elliott
Michele Lea Vaughn
Monterey Bay Air Resources District
Mary Ellison
Matt N. Pressey
Matthew Maldonado
LiftOff, LLC
Linda Knowles
Long Valley Leasing
Joseph Albertoni
Keith Emery
Kevin Skinner
Ingram Book Company
Intrado Life & Safety, Inc
Jayson F. Cardinalli dba Clean Brothers
Golden State Emergency Vehicle Service Inc
Hector Cortez
Ines Mendoza
Pages: 11 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459472 07/12/2022 Open $774.93
459473 07/12/2022 Open $294.00
459474 07/12/2022 Open $294.00
459475 07/12/2022 Open $704.00
459476 07/12/2022 Open $190.00
459477 07/12/2022 Open $34.00
459478 07/12/2022 Open $2,766.00
459479 07/12/2022 Open $2,793.00
459480 06/30/2022 Open $5,502.00
459481 06/30/2022 Open $2,621.50
459482 06/30/2022 Open $1,215.00
459483 06/30/2022 Open $7,368.56
459484 06/30/2022 Open $17,006.53
459485 06/30/2022 Open $21,604.76
459486 06/30/2022 Open $125.00
459487 06/30/2022 Open $403.00
459488 06/30/2022 Open $1,817.50
459489 06/30/2022 Open $46,294.69
459490 06/30/2022 Open $928.59
459491 06/30/2022 Open $25.17
459492 06/30/2022 Open $18,054.25
459493 06/30/2022 Open $1,245.74
459494 06/30/2022 Open $2,722.55
459495 06/30/2022 Open $48,112.00
459496 06/30/2022 Open $63.19
459497 06/30/2022 Open $39.22
459498 06/30/2022 Open $206.45
459499 06/30/2022 Open $3,531.67
459500 06/30/2022 Open $101.87
459501 06/30/2022 Open $164.09
459502 06/30/2022 Open $163,137.80
459503 06/30/2022 Open $1,255.35
459504 06/30/2022 Open $1,240.01
459505 06/30/2022 Open $851.50
459506 06/30/2022 Open $108.70
459507 06/30/2022 Open $1,343.76
459508 06/30/2022 Open $700.00
459509 06/30/2022 Open $2,190.55
459510 06/30/2022 Open $1,101.90
459511 06/30/2022 Open $404.00
459512 06/30/2022 Open Monterey County Department of Public Works $1,191.10 Julio Gil dba Central Coast Sign & Design
Lakeshore Learning Materials
Meyers and Nave
Johnson Associates
Jose Daniel Barrera dba Signa Signs & Graphics
Jose R Mendoza Dba Green View Landscaping
Home Depot Credit Services
Ingram Book Company
Jahaira Paola Navarro dba Dance Into Fitness with
Fresno Oxygen & Welding Suppliers, Inc.

Granite Rock Co
Hemi's Landscaping and Concrete Inc
Ferguson US Hodings, Inc dba Ferguson Enterprises
Findaway World LLC
First Alarm Security & Patrol Inc dba An Allied Un
East Bay Tire Company
Environmental Systems, Inc of Northern California
Fastenal Company
Coast Automotive Warehouse Inc
CorVel Corporation
Don Chapin Inc
Carollo Engineers, Inc
Charles Murray Dba Jaeco Fire and Safety
Cintas
BrightView Landscape Services, Inc
California Towing and Transport
California Water Service
Assured Aggregates Company Inc
AT&T Mobility
Breakout Prison Outreach dba California Youth Outr
California Homicide Investigators Association
Amazon.Com
American Supply Company
Rodolfo Roman
Susan Rosales-Nava
Alameda County Sheriff's Department
John Richardson
Jose Fletes
Nathan Castillo
Hilda Peralta
Pages: 12 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459513 06/30/2022 Open $6,240.35
459514 06/30/2022 Open $57.07
459515 06/30/2022 Open $12,119.81
459516 06/30/2022 Open $4,587.43
459517 06/30/2022 Open $73.74
459518 06/30/2022 Open $1,000.00
459519 06/30/2022 Open $452.28
459520 06/30/2022 Open $297.39
459521 06/30/2022 Open $179.98
459522 06/30/2022 Open $982.25
459523 06/30/2022 Open $150.00
459524 06/30/2022 Open $2,925.00
459525 06/30/2022 Open $1,566.04
459526 06/30/2022 Open $2,232.33
459527 06/30/2022 Open $3,801.25
459528 06/30/2022 Open $25.00
459529 06/30/2022 Open $50.00
459530 06/30/2022 Open $3,800.00
459531 06/30/2022 Open $2,583.42
459532 06/30/2022 Open $493.05
459533 06/30/2022 Open $1,223.60
459534 06/30/2022 Open $176.07
459535 06/30/2022 Open $4,840.17
459536 06/30/2022 Open $130.92
459537 06/30/2022 Open $1,263.48
459538 06/30/2022 Open $274.83
459539 06/30/2022 Open $414.22
459540 06/30/2022 Open $599.96
459541 06/30/2022 Open $400,867.88
459542 06/30/2022 Open $3,000.00
459543 06/30/2022 Open $76,617.06
459544 06/30/2022 Open $67.22
459545 06/30/2022 Open $3,000.00
459546 06/30/2022 Open $9,800.50
459547 07/19/2022 Open $87,035.00
459548 07/19/2022 Open $4,622.00
459549 07/19/2022 Open $6,641.00
459550 07/19/2022 Open $13,948.00
459551 07/19/2022 Open $88.32
459552 07/19/2022 Open $25,159.00
459553 07/19/2022 Open $470.00
Amazon.Com
Ambag
American Planning Assoc
Alliant Insurance Services, Inc.

Alliant Insurance Services, Inc.

Willdan Financial Services
William R Price dba Law Offices of William R Price
2NDNATURE, LLC
Wald, Ruhnke & Dost Architects, LLP
Wallace Group A California Corporation
WCAF, LLC dba Watsonville Ford
Verizon Wireless
Verizon Wireless
VSS International, Inc
United Parcel Service
Verizon Wireless
Verizon Wireless
Tri County Concrete and Supply, Inc
Tri County Fire Protection
U.S. Bank National Association ND
The Bank Of New York Mellon
Tiffanys Body Shop
Todd Hearnsberger dba TH Electric
Stommel Inc dba Lehr
Sunstar Media
T-Mobile USA dba T-Mobile
Santa Clara Valley Medical
Sharpline Solutions, Inc
Smith and Enright Landscaping
Quinn Company
RELX Inc. dba LexisNexis, Division of RELX Inc.

Russell Auria Pest Control Services
Patricia Barajas
ProMusic Group LLC dba ProSound & Stage Lighting
Protel Communications, Inc dba Protelesis Corporat
One Workplace L Ferrari, LLC dba Peninsula Busines
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Truck Parts Inc
Monterey One Water
O'Reilly Auto Parts
Pages: 13 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459554 07/19/2022 Open $434.00
459555 07/19/2022 Open $225.00
459556 07/19/2022 Open $649.00
459557 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459558 07/19/2022 Open $565.72
459559 07/19/2022 Open $168.13
459560 07/19/2022 Open $2,041,516.63
459561 07/19/2022 Open $403.00
459562 07/19/2022 Open $12,173.56
459563 07/19/2022 Open $14,500.00
459564 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459565 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459566 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459567 07/19/2022 Open $1,218.53
459568 07/19/2022 Open $118.06
459569 07/19/2022 Open $288.07
459570 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459571 07/19/2022 Open $10,290.00
459572 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459573 07/19/2022 Open $2,699.89
459574 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459575 07/19/2022 Open $93.58
459576 07/19/2022 Open $37,352.30
459577 07/19/2022 Open $31,357.01
459578 07/19/2022 Open $12,914.19
459579 07/19/2022 Open $23,977.61
459580 07/19/2022 Open $17,937.82
459581 07/19/2022 Open $4,803.83
459582 07/19/2022 Open $6,482.42
459583 07/19/2022 Open $30,427.04
459584 07/19/2022 Open $160.10
459585 07/19/2022 Open $6,050.00
459586 07/19/2022 Open $120.00
459587 07/19/2022 Open $128,204.68
459588 07/19/2022 Open $22.72
459589 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459590 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459591 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459592 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459593 07/19/2022 Open $50.00
459594 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
Elani Trejo Petty Cash
Ernesto Sanchez
Dave Shaw
David L Crabill
David Poulin
County Of Monterey Auditor Controll
CSC Of Salinas
Daniel David Green
Coast Automotive Warehouse Inc
Complete Paperless Solutions, LLC
Costco Membership
CMP-1, Llc dba Laurel Tree Apartment Homes
CMP-1, Llc dba Laurel Tree Apartment Homes
CMP-1, Llc dba Laurel Tree Apartment Homes
CMP-1, Llc dba Boronda Manor
CMP-1, LLC dba Cambridge Court Apartments Homes
CMP-1, LLC dba Cambridge Court Apartments Homes
Cintas
CMP-1 Llc dba The Pointe at Harden Ranch
CMP-1 Llc dba The Pointe at Northridge
Cassie McSorley
CDW-G
Chris Swinscoe
California Water Service
Candi Swinscoe
Carroll D Handley dba Town 'N Country Realty
California Association for Local Economic Developm
California Association for Local Economic Developm
California Water Service
Brainfuse, Inc.

Brent DeBorde
Bruce Bush
Authority for California Cities Excess Liability
Bayside Oil II Inc.

Bizon Group Inc dba Conexwest
Andrew McLaughlin
Aramark Uniform & Career Apparel Group, Inc
AT and T
American Planning Assoc
American Public Health Association
American Supply Company
Pages: 14 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459595 07/19/2022 Open $835.77
459596 07/19/2022 Open $301.50
459597 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459598 07/19/2022 Open $5,370.22
459599 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459600 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459601 07/19/2022 Open $1,428.00
459602 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459603 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459604 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459605 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459606 07/19/2022 Open $7,500.00
459607 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459608 07/19/2022 Open $2,000.00
459609 07/19/2022 Open $17,283.00
459610 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459611 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459612 07/19/2022 Open $567.43
459613 07/19/2022 Open $1,000.00
459614 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459615 07/19/2022 Open $1,210.00
459616 07/19/2022 Open $758.00
459617 07/19/2022 Open $758.00
459618 07/19/2022 Open $476.50
459619 07/19/2022 Open $900.00
459620 07/19/2022 Open $4,868.00
459621 07/19/2022 Open $11,426.00
459622 07/19/2022 Open $2,500.00
459623 07/19/2022 Open $1,363.52
459624 07/19/2022 Open $8,400.00
459625 07/19/2022 Open $562.83
459626 07/19/2022 Open $785.97
459627 07/19/2022 Open $12.51
459628 07/19/2022 Open $783.79
459629 07/19/2022 Open $358.39
459630 07/19/2022 Open $10,641.00
459631 07/19/2022 Open $511.23
459632 07/19/2022 Open $1,000.00
459633 07/19/2022 Open $1,870.00
459634 07/19/2022 Open $270,179.00
459635 07/19/2022 Open Pure Water $73.30
Patricia Penaloza
Progress Software Corporation
Public Risk, Innovation, Solutions, & Management
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Library Partnership
Pacific Truck Parts Inc
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Office Depot Business Service Division
Olga Lilia Vasquez Garcia
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
MP 21 Soledad Street, L.P.

National League Of Cities
NetFile Inc
Monterey County Health Department
Monterey Transfer and Storage Inc
Monterra Ranch Of Monterey Home Owner's Associatio
Michael Groves
Monterey County Health Department
Monterey County Health Department
Martin Persijn
MBS Business Systems
Michael Gomez
Leon De Asis
Mangold Property Management, Inc
Mark Freedman
Jesse Pinon
John E Arriaga Dba J.E.A. and Associates
Jonathan Barnes
Jacqueline Pacelli
James Knowlton
Jeff Gibson
Heath Johnson
Henry Gomez
Identifix Inc.

First Trust Alarm Company Inc
Gabriel Hernandez
Golden State Truck and Trailer Repair
First Alarm
Pages: 15 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459636 07/19/2022 Open $11,640.00
459637 07/19/2022 Open $1,168.14
459638 07/19/2022 Open $125.89
459639 07/19/2022 Open $5,700.00
459640 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459641 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459642 07/19/2022 Open $125.00
459643 07/19/2022 Open $35.00
459644 07/19/2022 Open $15,129.63
459645 07/19/2022 Open $5,000.00
459646 07/19/2022 Open $45.00
459647 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459648 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459649 07/19/2022 Open $518.00
459650 07/19/2022 Open $714.00
459651 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459652 07/19/2022 Open $24,723.86
459653 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459654 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459655 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459656 07/19/2022 Open $75.00
459657 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459658 07/19/2022 Open $1,200.00
459659 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459660 07/19/2022 Open $1,000.00
459661 07/19/2022 Open $1,156.40
459662 07/19/2022 Open $4,217.34
459663 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459664 07/19/2022 Open $514.99
459665 07/19/2022 Open $38.15
459666 07/19/2022 Open $100.00
459667 07/19/2022 Open $285.97
459668 07/19/2022 Open $3,252.00
459669 07/19/2022 Open $3,186.00
459670 07/19/2022 Open $4,691.40
459671 07/19/2022 Open $243.87
459672 07/19/2022 Open $212.89
459673 07/19/2022 Open $40.00
459674 07/19/2022 Open $5,011.44
459676 07/19/2022 Open $190.00
459677 07/19/2022 Open $190.00
Llesenia Coronel
Anthony Garcia
Austin Scaggs
Airplane Company Inc
Alberto Arteage c/o All About Electric
Jasmin Tapia
Williams Ranch Housing Partners, LP
Williams Ranch Housing Partners, LP
World Book Encyclopedia
Walmart Community BRC c/o Capitol One
Wayne Vance
WCAF, LLC dba Watsonville Ford
TK Elevator Corporation
Todd Swinscoe
Tuscany Enterprises, Inc dba Everclear Hydro-jetti
Terry Gerhardstein
The Bank Of New York Mellon
The Cima Companies Inc
Target Pest Control
Ted Koch
Tehama Golf Club LLC
Simon Jimenez
Stanley Cooper
Suzanne Cottle-Gavalla
Sentry Alarm System
Sheldon Bryan
Sheridan Park, Llc
Scott Myhre
Scott Tyler
Scott's PPE and Recon
Salinas Apartment Holdings, LLC
Salinas Chamber Of Commerce
Same Day Shred
Ricky Williams
Robert Reyna
Ruth Maria Milla-Leon dba Andersen's Lock & Safe
Republic Services of Salinas
Rexford Title, Inc dba Coast & Valley Properties
Richard Maldonado
Randall J Parola
Republic Services of Salinas
Pages: 16 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459678 07/19/2022 Open $350.00
459679 07/19/2022 Open $190.00
459680 07/19/2022 Open $231.00
459681 07/19/2022 Open $350.00
459682 07/19/2022 Open $190.00
459683 07/19/2022 Open $116.00
459684 07/19/2022 Open $190.00
459685 07/19/2022 Open $190.00
459687 07/19/2022 Open $4,752.00
459688 07/19/2022 Open $790.00
459689 07/19/2022 Open $964.00
459690 06/30/2022 Open $6.27
459691 06/30/2022 Open $24,170.00
459692 06/30/2022 Open $35,914.43
459693 06/30/2022 Open $250.00
459694 06/30/2022 Open $127.82
459695 06/30/2022 Open $165.78
459696 06/30/2022 Open $60.04
459697 06/30/2022 Open $861.60
459698 06/30/2022 Open $102.00
459699 06/30/2022 Open $351,464.91
459700 06/30/2022 Open $5,231.25
459701 06/30/2022 Open $11,783.28
459702 06/30/2022 Open $119.70
459703 06/30/2022 Open $21.99
459704 06/30/2022 Open $5,100.00
459705 06/30/2022 Open $33,960.34
459706 06/30/2022 Open $596.95
459707 06/30/2022 Open $36,000.00
459708 06/30/2022 Open $6,222.50
459709 06/30/2022 Open $64,294.12
459710 06/30/2022 Open $1,208.96
459711 06/30/2022 Open $94,813.00
459712 06/30/2022 Open $3,960.40
459713 06/30/2022 Open $6,279.00
459714 06/30/2022 Open $276.15
459715 06/30/2022 Open $67.46
459716 06/30/2022 Open $24,016.00
459717 06/30/2022 Open $90.93
459718 06/30/2022 Open $6,056.81
459719 06/30/2022 Open $210.00
Delcas Auto Collision Inc.

Don Chapin Inc
CSC Of Salinas
CSG Consultants
Dataflow Business Systems Inc
Central Coast Center For Independent
Clark Pest Control
Coast Automotive Warehouse Inc
California Water Service
Carlons Fire Extinguishers Inc
Carollo Engineers, Inc
Bridgestone Americas, Inc dba Bridgestone America
C & S Engineers, Inc.

C3 Engineering, Inc.

AT&T Mobility
Bear Electrical Solutions Inc
Breakout Prison Outreach dba California Youth Outr
Assured Aggregates Company Inc
AT and T
AT&T Mobility
American Supply Company
Analgesic Services Inc
Anderson Pacific Engineering Construction Inc.

Alhambra and Sierra Spring DS Waters of America LP
Alhambra and Sierra Spring DS Waters of America LP
Amazon.Com
ABAG Power Purchasing Pool
Alco Water
Alexander Marshall
Alliance Career Training Solutions
S.B.R.P.S.T.C.
72 Hour LLC dba Chevrolet of Watsonville/National
Jose Fletes
Joseph Santiago
Alameda County Sheriff's Department
Dionna Lucas
Froylan Aranda
Johnathan Flores
Brittney Long
Chayene Garcia
Cindy McKinlay
Pages: 17 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459720 06/30/2022 Open $4,510.00
459721 06/30/2022 Open $8,053.25
459722 06/30/2022 Open $13,087.50
459723 06/30/2022 Open $250.00
459724 06/30/2022 Open $3,408.60
459725 06/30/2022 Open $623.44
459726 06/30/2022 Open $6.77
459727 06/30/2022 Open $2,444.40
459728 06/30/2022 Open $7,863.12
459729 06/30/2022 Open $11.25
459730 06/30/2022 Open $1,093.21
459731 06/30/2022 Open $3,350.00
459732 06/30/2022 Open $262.50
459733 06/30/2022 Open $4,557.13
459734 06/30/2022 Open $11,254.96
459735 06/30/2022 Open $16,662.00
459736 06/30/2022 Open $1,897.45
459737 06/30/2022 Open $2,228.00
459738 06/30/2022 Open $3,943.75
459739 06/30/2022 Open $310.94
459740 06/30/2022 Open $3,445.43
459741 06/30/2022 Open $110.11
459742 06/30/2022 Open $5,500.00
459743 06/30/2022 Open $53,753.69
459744 06/30/2022 Open $3,556.00
459745 06/30/2022 Open $480.00
459746 06/30/2022 Open $61,032.41
459747 06/30/2022 Open $1,250.00
459748 06/30/2022 Open $2,769.00
459749 06/30/2022 Open $1,230.00
459750 06/30/2022 Open $610.05
459751 06/30/2022 Open $56,534.01
459752 06/30/2022 Open $150.00
459753 06/30/2022 Open $693.75
459754 06/30/2022 Open $58,629.86
459755 06/30/2022 Open $260.48
459756 06/30/2022 Open $500.89
459757 06/30/2022 Open $250.79
459758 06/30/2022 Open $86,637.88
459759 06/30/2022 Open $1,061.40
459760 06/30/2022 Open Pacific Water Resources $578.24
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Truck Parts Inc
One Workplace L Ferrari, LLC dba Peninsula Busines
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Monterey One Water
New Image Landscape Company
Nitro Software, Inc.

Mission Communications, LLC
MNS Engineers, Inc
Monterey County The Herald
Landset Engineers Inc
LAZ Karp Assoc., LLC dba LAZ Parking California
Miller & Associates Concrete Inc
Kaneko & Krammer Corp dba Koff & Assoc Inc
Kimley Horn And Assoc Inc
Kysmet Security & Patrol
HD Supply White Cap Construction Supply
Home Depot Credit Services
Interstate Battery System Inc
Granite Rock Co
Ground Zero Analysis, Inc
Harris and Associates
Golden State Emergency Vehicle Service Inc
Golden State Truck and Trailer Repair
Goldfarb and Lipman
Geveko Markings Inc
Glasswork by Design
Global Water Technology, Inc
First Alarm Security & Patrol Inc dba An Allied Un
First Alarm Wellness A Family Counseling Corporati
G2Solutions, Inc
Fashion Streaks
Fastenal Company
Fed Ex
Eden Council for Hope and Opportunity
El Pajaro Community Development Corp, Inc.

Ernesto Valdez
Dudek
Pages: 18 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459761 06/30/2022 Open $580.00
459762 06/30/2022 Open $2,285.00
459763 06/30/2022 Open $2,696.00
459764 06/30/2022 Open $10,000.00
459765 06/30/2022 Open $290.00
459766 06/30/2022 Open $900.00
459767 06/30/2022 Open $29.62
459768 06/30/2022 Open $117.99
459769 06/30/2022 Open $768.00
459770 06/30/2022 Open $288.03
459771 06/30/2022 Open $118.97
459772 06/30/2022 Open $1,916.70
459773 06/30/2022 Open $4,677.22
459774 06/30/2022 Open $4,985.90
459775 06/30/2022 Open $325.61
459776 06/30/2022 Open $180.29
459777 06/30/2022 Open $89,807.60
459778 06/30/2022 Open $13,317.56
459779 06/30/2022 Open $35,041.69
459780 06/30/2022 Open $44.33
459781 06/30/2022 Open $383.59
459782 06/30/2022 Open $9,169.96
459783 06/30/2022 Open $950.81
459784 06/30/2022 Open $1,941.45
459785 06/30/2022 Open $17,490.48
459786 06/30/2022 Open $25.35
459787 06/30/2022 Open $343.75
459788 07/26/2022 Open $1,483.16
459789 07/26/2022 Open $294.00
459790 07/26/2022 Open $190.00
459791 07/26/2022 Open $102.00
459792 07/26/2022 Open $86.00
459793 07/26/2022 Open $3,592.00
459794 07/26/2022 Open $45.00
459795 07/26/2022 Open $520.60
459796 07/26/2022 Open $17,006.96
459797 07/26/2022 Open $131.84
459798 07/26/2022 Open $552.00
459799 07/26/2022 Open $265.00
459800 07/26/2022 Open $552.00
459801 07/26/2022 Open $552.00
American Planning Assoc
American Planning Assoc
American Planning Assoc
Alco Water
Amazon.Com
American Planning Assoc
California Homicide Investigators Association
Accounting Unit Manifest Fees Dept of Toxic Substa
Alco Water
Maria Morales
Sam Klemek
Samantha Garcia
Yvonne St Pierre dba Design Path Studio
Anthony Cardoza
Austin Scaggs
W W Grainger Inc
Wallace Group A California Corporation
Worldpac
Vals Plumbing and Heating Inc
Verizon Wireless
Verizon Wireless
Tina La Perle
U.S. Bank National Association ND
United Parcel Service
Snow Signs, Inc
Star Sanitation Services
Sturdy Oil Company
Salinas Californian
Salinas Valley Solid Waste Authority
Sharpline Solutions, Inc
Rincon Consultants, Inc.

Robert Flynn
Ruth Maria Milla-Leon dba Andersen's Lock & Safe
Ramundsen Superior Holdings, LLC dba Superion LLC
RDO Equipment Company
Rent-A-Fence.com, Inc
Pinnacle Medical Group Inc dba Pinnacle Healthcare
Pinnacle Medical Group Inc dba Pinnacle Healthcare
Preferred Alliance Inc.

Patrick McBrian
Pedro C Estrada Dba Estrada Janitorial Service
Pages: 19 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459802 07/26/2022 Open $588.00
459803 07/26/2022 Open $2,683.46
459804 07/26/2022 Open $473.62
459805 07/26/2022 Open $514.26
459806 07/26/2022 Open $8,388.05
459807 07/26/2022 Open $538.83
459808 07/26/2022 Open $4,475.00
459809 07/26/2022 Open $22,564.15
459810 07/26/2022 Open $33,601.60
459811 07/26/2022 Open $781.39
459812 07/26/2022 Open $1,021.41
459813 07/26/2022 Open $621.32
459814 07/26/2022 Open $20,684.34
459815 07/26/2022 Open $13,405.47
459816 07/26/2022 Open $26,849.62
459817 07/26/2022 Open $47,693.30
459818 07/26/2022 Open $5,700.00
459819 07/26/2022 Open $10,761.35
459820 07/26/2022 Open $5,739.75
459821 07/26/2022 Open $6,785.76
459822 07/26/2022 Open $6,804.17
459823 07/26/2022 Open $9,445.99
459824 07/26/2022 Open $10,921.88
459825 07/26/2022 Open $4,342.50
459826 07/26/2022 Open $5,051.17
459827 07/26/2022 Open $12,681.73
459828 07/26/2022 Open $13,814.89
459829 07/26/2022 Open $912.23
459830 07/26/2022 Open $607.05
459831 07/26/2022 Open $584.01
459832 07/26/2022 Open $54.07
459833 07/26/2022 Open $8,450.40
459834 07/26/2022 Open $69.14
459835 07/26/2022 Open $86.99
459836 07/26/2022 Open $70.00
459837 07/26/2022 Open $5,000.00
459838 07/26/2022 Open $5,000.00
459839 07/26/2022 Open $3,000.00
459840 07/26/2022 Open $2,000.00
459841 07/26/2022 Open $109.76
459842 07/26/2022 Open $423.45
Fastenal Company
First Alarm
Eulalio Villegas-Rivera Petty Cash Custodian
Eulalio Villegas-Rivera Petty Cash Custodian
Eulalio Villegas-Rivera Petty Cash Custodian
Direct TV LLC
Don Chapin Inc
Eulalio Villegas-Rivera Petty Cash Custodian
Comcast (Business)
Creative Empire, LLC dba Mango Languages
CSC Of Salinas
Coast Automotive Warehouse Inc
Comcast (Business)
Comcast (Business)
CMP-1, LLC dba Cambridge Court Apartments Homes
CMP-1, Llc dba Laurel Tree Apartment Homes
CMP-1, Llc dba Laurel Tree Apartment Homes
CMP-1 Llc dba The Pointe at Westlake
CMP-1, Llc dba Boronda Manor
CMP-1, LLC dba Cambridge Court Apartments Homes
CMP-1 Llc dba The Pointe at Harden Ranch
CMP-1 Llc dba The Pointe at Northridge
CMP-1 Llc dba The Pointe at Westlake
CDW-G
Charles D Cryder
CMP-1 Llc dba The Pointe at Harden Ranch
Cardinalli Realty & Property Management Co. Inc.

Casentini Street Apartments, Llc
Casentini Street Apartments, Llc
California Water Service
California Water Service
California Water Service
Cadence Team, Inc
Cadence Team, Inc
CALIFA Group
Aramark Uniform & Career Apparel Group, Inc
Bizon Group Inc dba Conexwest
Bridgestone Americas, Inc dba Bridgestone America
American Planning Assoc
American Supply Company
American Textile and Supply Inc
Pages: 20 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459843 07/26/2022 Open $2,700.00
459844 07/26/2022 Open $20,188.12
459845 07/26/2022 Open $6,300.00
459846 07/26/2022 Open $1,301.00
459847 07/26/2022 Open $2,300.00
459848 07/26/2022 Open $24,750.00
459849 07/26/2022 Open $155.00
459850 07/26/2022 Open $2,000.00
459851 07/26/2022 Open $5,550.00
459852 07/26/2022 Open $815.11
459853 07/26/2022 Open $7,050.00
459854 07/26/2022 Open $250.00
459855 07/26/2022 Open $1,650.00
459856 07/26/2022 Open $2,062.00
459857 07/26/2022 Open $6,400.00
459858 07/26/2022 Open $8,375.00
459859 07/26/2022 Open $5,705.00
459860 07/26/2022 Open $9,550.00
459861 07/26/2022 Open $1,827.00
459862 07/26/2022 Open $1,218.00
459863 07/26/2022 Open $388.73
459864 07/26/2022 Open $187.50
459865 07/26/2022 Open $595.72
459866 07/26/2022 Open $3,735.99
459867 07/26/2022 Open $1,709.70
459868 07/26/2022 Open $167.70
459869 07/26/2022 Open $231.48
459870 07/26/2022 Open $733.28
459871 07/26/2022 Open $972.70
459872 07/26/2022 Open $355.48
459873 07/26/2022 Open $5,719.00
459874 07/26/2022 Open $1,200.00
459875 07/26/2022 Open $28.35
459876 07/26/2022 Open $26,063.59
459877 07/26/2022 Open $599.96
459878 07/26/2022 Open $196.99
459879 07/26/2022 Open $2,590.95
459880 07/26/2022 Open $37,301.76
459881 07/26/2022 Open $1,507.00
459882 07/26/2022 Open $3,825.00
459883 07/26/2022 Open Stommel Inc dba Lehr $2,209.51
Sheridan Park, Llc
Smith and Enright Landscaping
Sterling Management dba Sterling Property Manageme
Salinas Custom Gate Company Inc
San Lorenzo Lumber
Shawn Miguel Russell dba Russell Investigations
Russell Auria Pest Control Services
Ruth Maria Milla-Leon dba Andersen's Lock & Safe
Salinas Apartment Holdings, LLC
Republic Services of Salinas
Republic Services of Salinas
Rogge Road Apartments, LLC
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Quinn Company
RDO Equipment Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Operation Freedom Paws
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
NPI Capital Partners LP dba Northridge Park Apartm
NPI Capital Partners LP dba Northridge Park Apartm
Office Depot Business Service Division
MP 21 Soledad Street, L.P.

MSDD Investments LLC
NPI Capital Partners LP dba Northridge Park Apartm
Mangold Property Management, Inc
Marina by The Sea LLC dba Advantaclean of Salinas

MIS CORP
Leon De Asis
Lianghua Shu
Long Valley Leasing
Jimmy Vanhove dba Precision K9
Kali May Chaney
Kelly-Moore Paint Company
Golden State Truck and Trailer Repair
Guillermina Hernandez
Housing Authority of the County of Monterey
Gerardo Cardenas Torres
Pages: 21 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459884 07/26/2022 Open $779.00
459885 07/26/2022 Open $300.00
459886 07/26/2022 Open $2,613.37
459887 07/26/2022 Open $1,227.55
459888 07/26/2022 Open $75.00
459889 07/26/2022 Open $10,777.05
459890 07/26/2022 Open $1,049.61
459891 07/26/2022 Open $236.08
459892 07/26/2022 Open $8,517.00
459893 07/26/2022 Open $398.50
459894 07/26/2022 Open $342.33
459895 07/26/2022 Open $76.67
459896 07/26/2022 Open $947.00
459897 07/26/2022 Open $74.88
459898 06/30/2022 Open $22.26
459899 06/30/2022 Open $8,546.25
459900 06/30/2022 Open $82.09
459901 06/30/2022 Open $685.00
459902 06/30/2022 Open $9,125.40
459903 06/30/2022 Open $84.33
459904 06/30/2022 Open $40,541.59
459905 06/30/2022 Open $18,653.20
459906 06/30/2022 Open $853.23
459907 06/30/2022 Open $6,305.50
459908 06/30/2022 Open $608,104.77
459909 06/30/2022 Open $8,177.50
459910 06/30/2022 Open $42,515.63
459911 06/30/2022 Open $238.75
459912 06/30/2022 Open $395.00
459913 06/30/2022 Open $451.31
459914 06/30/2022 Open $2,939.64
459915 06/30/2022 Open $6,356.00
459916 06/30/2022 Open $18,835.66
459917 06/30/2022 Open $8,176.00
459918 06/30/2022 Open $7,200.00
459919 06/30/2022 Open $13,614.12
459920 06/30/2022 Open $8,055.14
459921 06/30/2022 Open $3,775.99
459922 06/30/2022 Open $711.60
459923 06/30/2022 Open $136,966.95
459924 06/30/2022 Open $67,191.38
Division Of The State Architect
Don Chapin Inc
Downtown Streets, Inc
DCS Testing and Equipment Inc
Delcas Auto Collision Inc.

Department Of Conservation
Community Human Services Project

CONCERN
David E. Ramos, MD, Inc
Colantuono, Highsmith & Whatley, PC
Comcast (Business)
Community Homeless Solutions
Coalition of Homeless Services Providers
Coast Automotive Warehouse Inc
COBRA Solutions Inc
Carollo Engineers, Inc
Central Coast Center For Independent
ClientFirst Consulting Group, LLC dba ClientFirst
BrightView Landscape Services, Inc
Burke, Williams & Sorensen, LLP
California Building Standards Commission
Alison Heller-Ono dba Worksite International
AT and T
AutoZone West Inc
Ace Hardware
Advanced Mobility Group
Alhambra and Sierra Spring DS Waters of America LP
Valley Saw Shop
Williams Ranch Housing Partners, LP
Worldpac
Tynan Village LP dba Tynan Village Apartments
U.S. Bank National Association dba U.S. Bank Equip
United Site Services
Target Solutions Learning LLC dba Vector Solutions
TK Elevator Corporation
Tri County Fire Protection
Sturdy Oil Company
Sunlite Auto Glass, Inc
Target Pest Control
Streamline Automation Systems, LLC
Structural Engineers Assoc of Northern California
Pages: 22 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459925 06/30/2022 Open $12,347.50
459926 06/30/2022 Open $285.37
459927 06/30/2022 Open $29,550.58
459928 06/30/2022 Open $1,716.74
459929 06/30/2022 Open $1,892.97
459930 06/30/2022 Open $863.53
459931 06/30/2022 Open $1,400.00
459932 06/30/2022 Open $10,322.97
459933 06/30/2022 Open $5,695.25
459934 06/30/2022 Open $57,333.90
459935 06/30/2022 Open $279.05
459936 06/30/2022 Open $1,352.16
459937 06/30/2022 Open $30,512.95
459938 06/30/2022 Open $21,500.00
459939 06/30/2022 Open $250.00
459940 06/30/2022 Open $1,212.50
459941 06/30/2022 Open $76.00
459942 06/30/2022 Open $15,258.00
459943 06/30/2022 Open $954.86
459944 06/30/2022 Open $239.95
459945 06/30/2022 Open $5,029.50
459946 06/30/2022 Open $51,161.96
459947 06/30/2022 Open $3,640.00
459948 06/30/2022 Open $31,250.00
459949 06/30/2022 Open $121,462.73
459950 06/30/2022 Open $61,725.00
459951 06/30/2022 Open $55.00
459952 06/30/2022 Open $241.95
459953 06/30/2022 Open $4,124.59
459954 06/30/2022 Open $6,520.00
459955 06/30/2022 Open $319.13
459956 06/30/2022 Open $305.31
459957 06/30/2022 Open $5,296.25
459958 06/30/2022 Open $1,478.60
459959 06/30/2022 Open $25,249.75
459960 06/30/2022 Open $425.00
459961 06/30/2022 Open $782.18
459962 06/30/2022 Open $6,220.26
459963 06/30/2022 Open $2,507.71
459964 06/30/2022 Open $8,953.50
459965 06/30/2022 Open $18,310.31
Sturdy Oil Company
Traffic Logix, Corp.

Robert Half International, Inc dba Accountemps, Of
Salinas Valley Tourism And Visitors Bureau
Silver and Wright LLP
Regional Government Services
Rincon Consultants, Inc.

Robert Cox
Protel Communications, Inc dba Protelesis Corporat
Quadient Finance USA, Inc dba NeoFunds/TotalFunds
R3 Consulting Group, Inc.

Nicholas Thomas
One Workplace L Ferrari, LLC dba Peninsula Busines
Pavement Engineering, Inc
Monterey County Sheriffs Office
Monterey Pen Engineering
National Testing Network, Inc.

Monterey County Convention And Visitors Bureau
Monterey County Health Department
Monterey County Office of Education
MCSI Water Systems Management
Michael Ellison
MNS Engineers, Inc
Kimley Horn And Assoc Inc
Liebert Cassidy Whitmore
McLaughlin Painting
Interim Inc
Kaneko & Krammer Corp dba Koff & Assoc Inc
Kevin Maloney
Granite Construction Company
Green Valley Industrial Supply
Home Depot Credit Services
First Alarm Wellness A Family Counseling Corporati
Franciscan Workers Of Junipero Serra
Girl Scouts Of California Central Coast
Eden Council for Hope and Opportunity
Fastenal Company
First Alarm Security & Patrol Inc dba An Allied Un
E2 Consulting Engineers, Inc
East Bay Tire Company
Ecology Action of Santa Cruz
Pages: 23 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
459966 06/30/2022 Open $6,188.33
459967 06/30/2022 Open $241,305.66
459968 06/30/2022 Open $852.00
459969 06/30/2022 Open $3,216.29
459970 06/30/2022 Open $38.01
459971 06/30/2022 Open $894.08
459972 06/30/2022 Open $5,251.41
459973 06/30/2022 Open $2,950.00
459974 06/30/2022 Open $107.50
459975 06/30/2022 Open $12,196.50
459976 08/02/2022 Open $105.00
459977 08/02/2022 Open $217.19
459978 08/02/2022 Open $3,577.55
459979 08/02/2022 Open $689.18
459980 08/02/2022 Open $564,315.62
459981 08/02/2022 Open $1,302.25
459982 08/02/2022 Open $1,166.30
459983 08/02/2022 Open $150.00
459984 08/02/2022 Open $612.53
459985 08/02/2022 Open $199.36
459986 08/02/2022 Open $45,357.15
459987 08/02/2022 Open $14,121.00
459988 08/02/2022 Open $190.23
459989 08/02/2022 Open $200.00
459990 08/02/2022 Open $228.98
459991 08/02/2022 Open $38.00
459992 08/02/2022 Open $486.11
459993 08/02/2022 Open $43.51
459994 08/02/2022 Open $923.00
459995 08/02/2022 Open $638.83
459996 08/02/2022 Open $2,780.50
459997 08/02/2022 Open $27.71
459998 08/02/2022 Open $9,640.00
459999 08/02/2022 Open $288.14
460000 08/02/2022 Open $1,335.16
460001 08/02/2022 Open $5,567.12
460002 08/02/2022 Open $1,106.78
460003 08/02/2022 Open $3,808.24
460004 08/02/2022 Open $4,756.25
460005 08/02/2022 Open $201.85
460006 08/02/2022 Open Hydro Turf $4,332.32
Golden State Truck and Trailer Repair
HdL Coren & Cone
Howard's Auto Upholstery
First Alarm Security & Patrol Inc dba An Allied Un
Franki Appling Trust
Golden State Emergency Vehicle Service Inc
Edwards Truck Center Inc
Environmental Systems, Inc of Northern California
Ferguson US Hodings, Inc dba Ferguson Enterprises
Data Ticket Inc
Discount School Supply
Don Chapin Inc
Comcast (Business)
Commercial Truck Company
CSC Of Salinas
Cintas
City Clerks Association of California
Coast Automotive Warehouse Inc
California Water Service
CDW-G
Central Coast YMCA
Bridgestone Americas, Inc dba Bridgestone America
California Park and Recreation Society Inc
California Water Service
Aramark Uniform & Career Apparel Group, Inc
Bank Of America N.A. dba Banc of America Leasing a
Bauer Compressors Inc
All Safe Security Alarm
Amazon.Com
American Supply Company
Wald, Ruhnke & Dost Architects, LLP
Wallace Group A California Corporation
William R Price dba Law Offices of William R Price
Verizon Wireless
Verizon Wireless
Verizon Wireless
University Corporation at Monterey Bay
Vals Plumbing and Heating Inc
Verizon Wireless
U.S. Bank National Association ND
Pages: 24 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
460007 08/02/2022 Open $660.00
460008 08/02/2022 Open $220.22
460009 08/02/2022 Open $202.80
460010 08/02/2022 Open $103.79
460011 08/02/2022 Open $141.86
460012 08/02/2022 Open $339.27
460013 08/02/2022 Open $1,600.00
460014 08/02/2022 Open $47.96
460015 08/02/2022 Open $1,022.35
460016 08/02/2022 Open $3,900.00
460017 08/02/2022 Open $10,369.50
460018 08/02/2022 Open $1,832.46
460019 08/02/2022 Open $392.65
460020 08/02/2022 Open $107.57
460021 08/02/2022 Open $3,106.84
460022 08/02/2022 Open $998,245.00
460023 08/02/2022 Open $383.00
460024 08/02/2022 Open $527.31
460025 08/02/2022 Open $4,025.00
460026 08/02/2022 Open $387.73
460027 08/02/2022 Open $238.40
460028 08/02/2022 Open $508.45
460029 08/02/2022 Open $1,497.54
460030 08/02/2022 Open $1,508.29
460031 08/02/2022 Open $1,417.55
460032 08/02/2022 Open $4,190.00
460033 08/02/2022 Open $667.50
460034 08/02/2022 Open $293.34
460035 08/02/2022 Open $438.12
460036 08/02/2022 Open $606.38
460037 08/02/2022 Open $572.34
460038 08/02/2022 Open $7,600.00
460039 08/02/2022 Open $238.55
460040 08/02/2022 Open $241.19
460041 08/02/2022 Open $648.13
460042 08/02/2022 Open $4,741.00
460043 08/02/2022 Open $2,343.00
460044 08/02/2022 Open $3,905.00
460045 08/02/2022 Open $351.15
460046 08/02/2022 Open $2,240.00
460047 08/02/2022 Open $1,197.87
Smart and Final Iris
Smith and Enright Landscaping
Sturdy Oil Company
Sherwood Village, L.P.

Sherwood Village, L.P.

Ruth Maria Milla-Leon dba Andersen's Lock & Safe
Salinas Elementary School District
San Lorenzo Lumber
Republic Services of Salinas
Republic Services of Salinas
Robert E Whitlock
PLM Lender Services Inc
Protel Communications, Inc dba Protelesis Corporat
Quality Water Enterprises
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Truck Parts Inc
Pajaro Wall St Inn LLC
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
New York Times
NPI Capital Partners LP dba Northridge Park Apartm
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
MJ Communications, Inc
Monterey County Emergency Communications Dept
Monterey County Health Department
Life Assist
Mackay Motor Parts, Inc dba Napa Auto Parts
Michael Spencer dba Tire & Wheel World
Kelly-Moore Paint Company
KRM Apartment Rentals LLC dba KRM Enterprises
Law Offices of Roy C Gunter III
Jose Luis Corral dba Salinas Pizza
Juan Carlos Gonzalez
Kanco Inc. / Mighty Auto Parts
Jamar Technologies
Jimenez Autobody Parts, Inc dba C & J Auto Parts
Johnson Associates
International Economic Development Council
Interstate Battery System Inc
Pages: 25 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
460048 08/02/2022 Open $740.00
460049 08/02/2022 Open $7,560.00
460050 08/02/2022 Open $38.66
460051 08/02/2022 Open $312.50
460052 08/02/2022 Open $74.92
460053 08/02/2022 Open $148.85
460054 08/02/2022 Open $900.00
460055 08/02/2022 Open $40.98
460056 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460057 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460058 08/02/2022 Open $154.00
460059 08/02/2022 Open $155.25
460060 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460061 08/02/2022 Open $72.00
460062 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460063 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460064 08/02/2022 Open $155.25
460065 08/02/2022 Open $72.00
460066 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460067 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460068 08/02/2022 Open $385.50
460069 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460070 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460071 08/02/2022 Open $2,035.09
460072 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460073 08/02/2022 Open $576.00
460074 08/02/2022 Open $169.50
460075 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460076 08/02/2022 Open $169.50
460077 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460078 08/02/2022 Open $134.50
460079 08/02/2022 Open $576.00
460080 08/02/2022 Open $385.50
460081 08/02/2022 Open $5,980.00
460082 08/02/2022 Open $126.00
460084 08/05/2022 Open $36,981.27
460085 08/05/2022 Open $2,200.00
460086 06/29/2022 Open $162,460.88
460087 08/09/2022 Open $4,066.00
460088 08/09/2022 Open $373.76
460089 08/09/2022 Open $81.94
72 Hour LLC dba Chevrolet of Watsonville/National
Ace High Designs, Inc.

Fenton & Keller PC
Sturgeon Electric California, LLC
2NDNATURE, LLC
International School of Tactical Medicine
S.B.R.P.S.T.C.

Alco Water
Nicolas Reyes
Ryan Macoubrie
Zachary Dunagan
Justin Heckman
Luis Toribio
Michele Houston
James Arensdorf
Jesus Ramirez
John Richardson
Gabriela Contreras
Gerardo Magana
Heidi Niggemeyer
Eulalio Villegas
Evan Adams
Francisco DeLeon
Christopher Neff
Daniel Martinez
Devin Kile
Cameron Mitchell
Carlos Pimentel
Chayene Garcia
Alejandro Zamora
Benjamin Majewski
Brittney Long
Wonder Wood Ranch
Quetzalcoath Nino-Lopez Sr.

Alberto Duran
Valley Fabrication Inc
Valley Saw Shop
Walmart Community BRC c/o Capitol One
Target Pest Control
Triad Property Management Company
United Parcel Service
Pages: 26 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
460090 08/09/2022 Open $149.08
460091 08/09/2022 Open $83.09
460092 08/09/2022 Open $1,032,027.68
460093 08/09/2022 Open $90.48
460094 08/09/2022 Open $168.25
460095 08/09/2022 Open $601.72
460096 08/09/2022 Open $9,134.44
460097 08/09/2022 Open $398.26
460098 08/09/2022 Open $69.92
460099 08/09/2022 Open $4,475.00
460100 08/09/2022 Open $89.95
460101 08/09/2022 Open $125.00
460102 08/09/2022 Open $5,637.44
460103 08/09/2022 Open $125.51
460104 08/09/2022 Open $33.07
460105 08/09/2022 Open $41.58
460106 08/09/2022 Open $4,275.00
460107 08/09/2022 Open $1,959.04
460108 08/09/2022 Open $22,400.00
460109 08/09/2022 Open $101.85
460110 08/09/2022 Open $64.90
460111 08/09/2022 Open $243.59
460112 08/09/2022 Open $18,054.25
460113 08/09/2022 Open $12,864.71
460114 08/09/2022 Open $3,225.00
460115 08/09/2022 Open $215.68
460116 08/09/2022 Open $1,959.50
460117 08/09/2022 Open $399.50
460118 08/09/2022 Open $200.34
460119 08/09/2022 Open $5,361.00
460120 08/09/2022 Open $1,588.91
460121 08/09/2022 Open $8,296.25
460122 08/09/2022 Open $6,578.67
460123 08/09/2022 Open $405.07
460124 08/09/2022 Open $13,392.00
460125 08/09/2022 Open $570.00
460126 08/09/2022 Open $5,000.00
460127 08/09/2022 Open $32,672.00
460128 08/09/2022 Open $516.73
460129 08/09/2022 Open $3,945.00
460130 08/09/2022 Open Mackay Motor Parts, Inc dba Napa Auto Parts $376.26 Karla's Janitorial & Suppliers, LLC
Kelly-Moore Paint Company
Laurel Grove Evergreen SPE, Llc
Jayson F. Cardinalli dba Clean Brothers
Joaquin Vasquez Dba Rose Backflow Services
Juan J Hernandez
Industrial Machine Shop
Ingram Book Company
Interstate Battery System Inc
Ferguson US Hodings, Inc dba Ferguson Enterprises
Harden Salinas AR, LP dba Harden Ranch Apartments
ID Concepts LLC
Discount School Supply
Don Chapin Inc
Edges Electrical Group, LLC
CorVel Corporation Inc dba CorVel Enterprise Compa
Dataflow Business Systems Inc
Davis Onitsuka dba c/o Steinbeck Realty, Inc
Cintas
Coast Automotive Warehouse Inc
Consolidated Electrical Distributors, Inc.

Carroll D Handley dba Town 'N Country Realty
CDW-G
Central Coast Federal Credit Union
California Water Service
California Water Service
California Water Service
Cal Auto Tire Inc.

California Towing and Transport
California Water Service
Auto Center Imported Cars Inc dba My Nissan Kia
Bearing Engineering Company
Cadence Team, Inc
American Supply Company
Aramark Uniform & Career Apparel Group, Inc
AT and T
Alhambra and Sierra Spring DS Waters of America LP
Alliant Insurance Services, Inc.

Amazon.Com
Alco Water
Pages: 27 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
460131 08/09/2022 Open $5,675.00
460132 08/09/2022 Open $1,000.00
460133 08/09/2022 Open $2,100.00
460134 08/09/2022 Open $367.64
460135 08/09/2022 Open $390.00
460136 08/09/2022 Open $643.86
460137 08/09/2022 Open $3,950.00
460138 08/09/2022 Open $130.36
460139 08/09/2022 Open $159.96
460140 08/09/2022 Open $225.00
460141 08/09/2022 Open $6,309.25
460142 08/09/2022 Open $120.43
460143 08/09/2022 Open $171.35
460144 08/09/2022 Open $438.11
460145 08/09/2022 Open $20,886.14
460146 08/09/2022 Open $907.78
460147 08/09/2022 Open $2,221.78
460148 08/09/2022 Open $1,914.50
460149 08/09/2022 Open $210.00
460150 08/09/2022 Open $896.76
460151 08/09/2022 Open $224.25
460152 08/09/2022 Open $5,475.00
460153 08/09/2022 Open $87.51
460154 08/09/2022 Open $4,800.00
460155 08/09/2022 Open $4,575.00
460156 08/09/2022 Open $290.00
460157 08/09/2022 Open $2,580.00
460158 08/09/2022 Open $3,920.00
460159 08/09/2022 Open $45.00
460160 08/09/2022 Open $122.43
460161 08/09/2022 Open $18,600.00
460162 08/09/2022 Open $72.48
460163 08/09/2022 Open $75.00
460164 08/09/2022 Open $1,080.00
460165 08/09/2022 Open $27.09
460166 08/09/2022 Open $268.45
460167 08/09/2022 Open $75.00
460168 08/09/2022 Open $285.20
460169 08/09/2022 Open $52,332.00
460170 08/09/2022 Open $678.49
460171 08/09/2022 Open $70.36
Transportation Agency for MOCO - TAMC
Tri County Fire Protection
TSI Incorporated
Stommel Inc dba Lehr
Target Pest Control
Tiffanys Body Shop
Sonoma State University
Special Services Group LLC
Stephanie Morales-Bravo Petty Cash Custodian
San Lorenzo Lumber
Savant Solutions, Inc
SettlementOne Screening Corporation dba PeopleFact
Salinas Nantucket Bay Limited
Salinas Northpoint Apartments, LLC
Same Day Shred
Rexford Title, Inc dba Coast & Valley Properties
Rodney Meeks
Russell Auria Pest Control Services
Pure Water
Regency Place LLC dba Palm Court Apartments
Republic Services of Salinas
Pacific Truck Parts Inc
Peninsula Messenger, LLC
Petsmart
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Office Depot Business Service Division
Operation Freedom Paws
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
My Chevrolet
NPI Capital Partners LP dba Northridge Park Apartm
O'Reilly Auto Parts
Midwestern Software Solutions, LLC
Monterey One Water
Monterey Transfer and Storage Inc
Mangold Property Management, Inc
Michael J Kerner Psychological Services PhD
Pages: 28 of 29
Number Date Status
Transaction
Amount
General Account - General Account
Check
City of Salinas
Claim Checks 458829-460190
From Payment Date: 6/16/2022 - To Payment Date: 8/9/2022 Payee Name
460172 08/09/2022 Open $23,692.75
460173 08/09/2022 Open $241.61
460174 08/09/2022 Open $72.81
460175 08/09/2022 Open $3,186.08
460176 08/09/2022 Open $4,055.93
460177 08/09/2022 Open $597.91
460178 08/09/2022 Open $4,399.17
460179 08/09/2022 Open $1,800.00
460180 08/09/2022 Open $143.00
460181 08/09/2022 Open $143.00
460182 08/09/2022 Open $143.00
460183 08/09/2022 Open $156.00
460184 08/09/2022 Open $277.50
460185 08/09/2022 Open $605.95
460186 08/09/2022 Open $143.00
460187 08/09/2022 Open $156.00
460188 08/09/2022 Open $156.00
460189 08/09/2022 Open $156.00
460190 08/09/2022 Open $1,510.00
$14,348,017.99
AAAE
Type Check Totals:

General Account - General Account Totals
Logan Lambert
Sergio Ruiz
Seth Short
Isaac Lopez
John Murray
Julio Felix
Armando Zepeda
Eduardo Estrada
Frank Smyth
California Water Services Company
Jennell Jung Hyun Trust
Adrian Sanchez
WCAF, LLC dba Watsonville Ford
WCDJR LLC dba Watsonville Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram
Worldpac
Vantagepoint Transfer Agents/457 c/o M&T Bank
Verizon Wireless
Walmart Community BRC c/o Capitol One
Pages: 29 of 29
City of Salinas
Legislation Text
200 Lincoln Ave., Salinas,
CA 93901
www.cityofsalinas.org
File #: ID#22-375, Version: 1
Agreement with Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau to continue operation of California Welcome Center
Approve a Resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute an Agreement with the Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau to continue operation of California Welcome Center in Salinas.

City of Salinas Page 1 of 1 Printed on 8/17/2022
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CITY OF SALINAS

COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
DATE: AUGUST 9, 2022; AUGUST 23, 2022
DEPARTMENT: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
FROM: MEGAN HUNTER, DIRECTOR
THROUGH: LISA BRINTON, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
BY: ANDREW MYRICK, SR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MGR
TITLE: AGREEMENT WITH SALINAS VALLEY TOURISM AND

VISITORS BUREAU FOR THE OPERATION OF A CALIFORNIA

WELCOME CENTER
RECOMMENDED MOTION:

A motion to approve the attached Resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute an Agreement with the Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau to operate a California Welcome Center in Salinas.

RECOMMENDATION:

It is recommended that Council approve the attached Resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute an Agreement with the Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

Since June 2011 the City has entered into an Agreement with the Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau (SVTVB) to financially support the operation of a California Welcome Center in Salinas. The California Welcome Center (CWC) is located in the Freight Building adjacent to the Salinas Train Station at the Intermodal Transportation Center. The City of Salinas collects $1.50 per room night at lodging facilities in the City of Salinas in association with an existing Tourism Improvement District operated by the Monterey County Convention and Visitors Bureau (MCCVB). This staff report outlines the terms and conditions by which TID assessment retained by the City will be used to support the SVTVB’s operation of the CWC and its activities to promote Salinas as a tourist destination and increase the number of room-night stays in the City. The total amount of compensation for services provided would not exceed the amount of assessment actually collected, minus one percent (1%) to cover the City’s administrative costs. The 2022-2023 Budget estimates and appropriates assessment revenue of $120,000 for this fiscal year. The SVTVB would invoice the City monthly and would be required to provide reporting and other documentation to enable the City to meet its reporting obligations to MCCVB regarding the use of the TID assessment funds. The term of this Agreement is July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023.

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BACKGROUND:

Tourism Improvement Districts (TIDs) are special assessment districts authorized by the State that allow hospitality businesses to assess themselves to fund efforts to promote tourism within a particular region. The City of Salinas collects $1.50 per room night at lodging facilities in the City of Salinas in association with an existing TID operated by the Monterey County Convention and Visitors Bureau (MCCVB). Of this money, $1.00 per room night is remitted to the MCCVB and the remaining $0.50 per room night is retained by the City (Assessment). Assessment collected may be spent at the discretion of the City but must be used for the purpose of increasing the number of room-night stays within the City. The City is responsible for ensuring that the Assessment is spent appropriately, as well as tracking and reporting outcomes on the use of the Assessment to the MCCVB. Historically, this Assessment has been provided to the Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau (SVTVB) to support their operation of a designated California Welcome Center in the City of Salinas at the Freight Building adjacent to the Salinas Train Station at the Intermodal Transportation Center. Under a separate Agreement, the SVTVB currently leases space from the City to house the CWC. The City currently receives $1,836.80 per month for the use of the space.

DISCUSSION:

Since June 2011 the SVCVB has operated a California Welcome Center at the Freight Building.

The California Welcome Center (CWC) provides visitors with information on local activities, sites of interest, and dining and lodging options in Salinas using promotional materials, brochures, and staff to answer questions. CWC activities further the TID goal of increasing room-night stays in Salinas. The purpose of this Agreement to provide for the City’s contribution of Assessment toward CWC operations to further promote overnight stays at lodging facilities within the City of Salinas. The Agreement outlines the terms under which the City will financially support CWC operations. A summary of Agreement terms is provided below.

Term: July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023
Services: The CWC will continue to operate seven (7) days per week. This requirement will be waived for any holidays recognized by the City or local or state lawful health order. The SVTVB is to provide documentation that includes, but is not limited to:
a) the number of visitors to the CWC (on a daily basis), b) an itemized summary of marketing materials (whether presented electronically or on a physical medium such as paper or canvas) which provide information regarding potential lodging options within the City of Salinas,
c) an itemized list of additional marketing materials used to attract visitors to the CWC or the Salinas area,
d) a summary (when available) of how many printed materials were provided to visitors, the number of visitors to SVTVB’s website, and
e) any additional information which can be collected or derived from collected data using formulas or software commonly utilized and accepted throughout the industry.

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SVTVB shall also meet and confer with the hotel operators within the City of Salinas not less than once per year to discuss opportunities for the CWC to increase the number of overnight stays within the City of Salinas.

Compensation: The total amount of compensation paid to SVTVB by the City shall not exceed the amount of Assessment actually collected, minus one percent (1%) to cover the City’s administrative costs. The SVTVB will invoice the City $10,000 per month for the term of the Agreement. Should remittances received, minus the 1% administrative fee, be less than the amount billed, options are provided to the City for the timing and amount of payment based on actual remittances. The funding source for this Agreement is the City’s TID Assessment of $.050 collected per room-night stay. The 2022-2023 Budget estimates and appropriates TID Assessment revenue of $120,000 for the fiscal year.

CEQA CONSIDERATION:

Not a Project. The City of Salinas has determined that the proposed action of approving this Agreement to use the City’s TID assessment to fund CWC operations is not a project as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (CEQA Guidelines Section 15378) because the Agreement and use of TID assessment does not cause a direct or foreseeable indirect physical change on or in the environment. Any subsequent discretionary projects resulting from this action will be assessed for CEQA applicability.

STRATEGIC PLAN INITIATIVE:

The promotion of tourism within the City of Salinas relates to the Council Goal of Economic Development. Increasing the room-night stays in the City leads to increased Transient Occupancy Tax revenue and Sales Tax revenue collected by the City. Visitors staying overnight tend to eat and shop locally, supporting local businesses to thrive and contributing to the community’s economic health.

DEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION:

This Agreement was prepared by the Economic Development Division of the Community Development Department. Economic Development coordinated with the Finance Department and Legal in the preparation of this report and Agreement. The Finance Department collects the TID assessment, confirms fund balance available, and processes remittances. Legal has reviewed the Agreement. In addition, and the California Welcome Center has worked extensively with the Public Works Department with regards to its operations in the Freight Building.

FISCAL AND SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT:

There will be no impact to the General Fund. This Agreement will be fully funded from TID assessment collected and retained by the City between July 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023, minus 1% to cover administrative costs. The 2022-2023 Budget estimates and appropriates TID assessment revenue of $120,000. Accounts for the collection of Assessment and payment to SVTVB are already established 8813.81.8141-57.8630 and 8813.81.8141-64.5400 respectively. Should Page | 4
remittances received, minus the 1% administrative fee, be less than the monthly amount billed by SVTVB of $10,000, options are provided to the City in the Agreement for the timing and amount of payment based on actual remittances.

ATTACHMENTS:

Proposed Resolution, including the following Exhibits:

Exhibit “A” – Proposed Agreement
1 RESOLUTION NO. (N.C.S.)

RESOLUTION APPROVING AN AGREEMENT WITH THE SALINAS VALLEY

TOURISM AND VISITORS BUREAU FOR THE OPERATION OF A CALIFORNIA

WELCOME CENTER
WHEREAS, the Monterey County Convention and Visitors Bureau (MCCVB) manages a Tourism Improvement District (TID) that includes the City of Salinas; and WHEREAS, through this TID, the City of Salinas receives $0.50 per occupied room-night within the City of Salinas to spend with the stipulation that it be used to increase room-night stays within the City (Assessment); and
WHEREAS, the Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau (SVTVB) operates a California Welcome Center in Salinas; and
WHEREAS, previous research has documented that the inclusion of a California Welcome Center in a community has a positive impact on local room-night stays; and WHEREAS, SVTVB has provided the City with information demonstrating that marketing and promotional activities typically conducted by Welcome Centers have the effect of increasing local overnight stays; and
WHEREAS, the City and SVTVB desire to enter into an agreement to provide for the City’s contribution of Assessment toward Welcome Center operations as a means of further promoting overnight stays at lodging facilities within the City of Salinas; and WHEREAS, the total amount of compensation to SVTVB shall not exceed the amount of Assessment actually collected, minus one percent (1%) to cover the City’s administrative costs; and
WHEREAS, the City of Salinas has determined that the proposed action is not a project as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (CEQA Guidelines Section 15378) because the Agreement and use of TID assessment does not cause a direct or foreseeable indirect physical change on or in the environment. Any subsequent discretionary projects resulting from this action will be assessed for CEQA applicability.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Salinas City Council hereby approves the attached Agreement with the SVTVB and authorizes the City Manager to execute said Agreement.

PASSED AND APPROVED this 23rd day of August, 2022, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:
2 ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

APPROVED:
________________________
Kimbley Craig, Mayor
ATTEST:
_________________________
Patricia M. Barajas, City Clerk
Attached:

Exhibit A – Proposed Agreement

Page 1 of 15 ends

Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23

AGREEMENT BETWEEN

THE CITY OF SALINAS AND THE

SALINAS VALLEY TOURISM AND

VISITORS BUREAU

Page 2 of 15 ends

Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23
Contents
RECITALS ..................................................................................................................................... 4 TERMS ........................................................................................................................................... 4

1. Scope of Service. ................................................................................................................. 4

2. Term; Completion Schedule. ............................................................................................... 4

3. Compensation. ..................................................................................................................... 5

4. Billing. ................................................................................................................................. 5

5. Meet & Confer. .................................................................................................................... 6

6. Additional Copies................................................................................................................. 6

7. Responsibility of SVTVB. ................................................................................................... 6

8. Responsibility of City. ......................................................................................................... 6

9. Acceptance of Work Not a Release. .................................................................................... 6

10. Indemnification and Hold Harmless. ................................................................................... 7

11. Insurance.............................................................................................................................. 7

12. Access to Records................................................................................................................ 7

13. Non-Assignability. ............................................................................................................... 7

14. Termination.......................................................................................................................... 7

15. Compliance with Laws, Rules, and Regulations. ................................................................ 8

16. Exhibits Incorporated........................................................................................................... 8

17. Independent Contractor........................................................................................................ 8

18. Integration and Entire Agreement........................................................................................ 8

19. Jurisdiction and Venue......................................................................................................... 8

20. Severability .......................................................................................................................... 8

21. Notices. ................................................................................................................................ 8

22. Nondiscrimination................................................................................................................ 9

23. Conflict of Interest. .............................................................................................................. 9

24. Headings. ............................................................................................................................. 9

25. Attorneys’ Fees.................................................................................................................. 10

26. Non-Exclusive Agreement................................................................................................. 10

27. Rights and Obligations Under Agreement......................................................................... 10

28. Licenses.............................................................................................................................. 10

29. Counterparts....................................................................................................................... 10

30. Legal Representation. ........................................................................................................ 10

31. Joint Representation........................................................................................................... 10

Page 3 of 15 ends

Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23

32. Warranty of Authority........................................................................................................ 10

33. No Waiver of Rights. ......................................................................................................... 10

Page 4 of 15 ends

Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23

AGREEMENT BETWEEN

THE CITY OF SALINAS AND THE SALINAS VALLEY TOURISM AND VISITORS BUREAU
This Agreement (the “Agreement” and/or “Contract”) is made and entered into this 9 th day
of August, 2022, between the City of Salinas, a California Charter city and municipal corporation (hereinafter “City”), and the Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau, a 501(c)(4) organization (hereinafter “SVTVB”).

RECITALS
WHEREAS, pursuant to the Monterey County Tourism Improvement District (MCTID) Management District Plan (MDP), $1.50 is collected from all Salinas lodging facilities, in association with the MCTID operated by the Monterey County Convention and Visitors Bureau (MCCVB) as defined therein (the “TID Assessment”), and
WHEREAS, of TID Assessment, $1.00 per room night is remitted back to the MCCVB and the remaining $0.50 per room night is retained by the City of Salinas (hereinafter “Assessment”); and
WHEREAS, Assessment collected may be used at the discretion of the City of Salinas for the purpose of promoting overnight stays at lodging facilities within the City of Salinas; and WHEREAS, SVTVB was chosen by Visit California to operate a California Welcome Center within the City of Salinas; and
WHEREAS, SVTVB has provided the City with information demonstrating that activities typically conducted by Welcome Centers have the effect of increasing local overnight stays; and WHEREAS, the City and SVTVB desire to enter into this Agreement to provide for the City’s contribution of Assessment towards Welcome Center operations as a means of further promoting overnight stays at lodging facilities within the City of Salinas.

NOW, THEREFORE, City and SVTVB agree as follows:

TERMS

1. Scope of Service. The scope of SVTVB’s services is described in Exhibit B, attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

2. Term; Completion Schedule. This Agreement shall commence on July 1, 2022 and shall terminate on June 30, 2023.

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Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23

3. Compensation. City agrees to pay SVTVB a total amount of funds equal to the amount of the above-referenced Assessment actually remitted to the City of Salinas during the period of July 1, 2022 through June 30, 2023, less one percent (1%) of said Assessment, which shall be retained by the City of Salinas to cover its administrative costs. In no case shall compensation to SVTVB exceed the amount of Assessment. City shall pay SVTVB as follows:
a. Except as provided in Subsection c, below, City shall remit monthly payments of $10,000 to SVTVB beginning as of July 2022, and for each month thereafter for the term of this Agreement.
b. On or after July 1, 2023, City shall remit to SVTVB all remaining Assessment monies collected within the period defined above, less the one percent of the Assessment reserved for the City as defined above.
c. If at any point during the term of this Agreement the Assessment remittances received todate (less the amount needed to cover the City’s administrative costs) is insufficient to pay the entirety of an invoice submitted for the amount described above, the City shall, at its discretion, perform one of the following actions:
i) Pay the invoice in full, if the City reasonably believes that future remittances will cover the costs to be paid;
ii) Notify SVTVB of the shortfall, and pay the invoice in full once sufficient TID monies have been received; or
iii) Notify SVTVB of the shortfall and pay the currently available monies due to SVTVB. SVTVB shall be entitled to receive payment for any shortfall if and/or when TID monies are collected during the term of this Agreement. iv) SVTVB may request, and the City shall reasonably provide, a current fund balance reflecting the amounts of TID funds remitted to the City, as such records are available to the City upon the date of the request, as well as the amount of funds paid to the SVTVB to date.

4. Billing. SVTVB shall submit to City an invoice, prepared in a form satisfactory to City, describing its services and providing reports and/or information for the period covered by the invoice. Each invoice shall represent one or more whole months and individual months shall not be divided among multiple invoices. Except as specifically authorized by City, SVTVB’s invoices shall include the following information:
(A) A brief description of services performed, including verification that the services have been performed in accordance with Exhibit B;
(B) The date the services were performed;
(C) Reports and/or other information required by Exhibit B; and (D) The SVTVB’s signature.

Any such invoices shall be in full accord with any and all applicable provisions of this Agreement. Provided that the invoices meet the requirements of this Agreement and sufficient funds are available as described under Section 3. Compensation., the City will be obligated to remit the amount of $10,000 in full satisfaction of each monthly invoice submitted.

Page 6 of 15 ends

Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23
City shall make payment on each such invoice within thirty (30) days of receipt; provided, however, that if SVTVB submits an invoice which is incorrect, incomplete, or not in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement (including its exhibits), City shall not be obligated to process any payment to SVTVB until thirty (30) days after a correct and complying invoice has been submitted by SVTVB. The City shall process undisputed invoices immediately.

5. Meet & Confer. SVTVB agrees to meet and confer with City or its agents or employees with regard to services as set forth herein as may be required by the City to ensure timely and adequate performance of the Agreement.

6. Additional Copies. If City requires additional copies of reports, or any other material which SVTVB is required to furnish as part of the services under this Agreement, SVTVB shall provide such additional copies as are requested, and City shall compensate SVTVB for the actual costs related to the production of such copies by SVTVB.

7. Responsibility of SVTVB. By executing this Agreement, SVTVB agrees that the services to be provided and work to be performed under this Agreement shall be performed in a fully competent manner. By executing this Agreement, SVTVB further agrees and represents to City that the SVTVB possesses, or shall arrange to secure from others, all of the necessary professional capabilities, experience, resources, and facilities necessary to provide the City the services contemplated under this Agreement and that City relies upon the professional skills of SVTVB to do and perform SVTVB’s work.

8. Responsibility of City. The City agrees to:
(A) Assist SVTVB by placing at its disposal all available information pertinent to this Agreement, including but not limited to, previous reports and any other data relative to this Agreement. Nothing contained herein shall obligate City to incur any expense in connection with completion of studies or acquisition of information not otherwise in the possession of City. (B) Examine all studies, reports, sketches, drawings, specifications, proposals, and other documents presented by SVTVB and render verbally or in writing, as may be appropriate, decisions pertaining thereto within a reasonable time so as not to delay the services of SVTVB. (C) Steven S. Carrigan, City Manager, or his designee, shall act as City’s representative with respect to the work to be performed under this Agreement. Such person shall have the complete authority to transmit instructions, receive information, interpret and define City’s policies and decisions with respect to materials, equipment, elements, and systems pertinent to SVTVB’s services. City may unilaterally change its representative upon notice to the SVTVB.

9. Acceptance of Work Not a Release. Acceptance by the City of the work to be performed under this Agreement does not operate as a release of SVTVB from professional responsibility for the work performed.

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Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23

10. Indemnification and Hold Harmless. SVTVB shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the City and its officers, officials, employees, volunteers, and agents from and against any and all liability, loss, damage, expense, costs (including without limitation costs and fees of litigation) of every nature arising out of or in connection with SVTVB’s performance of work hereunder, including the performance of work of any of SVTVB’s subcontractors or agents, or SVTVB’s failure to comply with any of its obligations contained in the agreement, except such loss or damage which was caused by the sole negligence or willful misconduct of the City.

11. Insurance. SVTVB shall procure and maintain for the duration of this Agreement insurance meeting the requirements specified in Exhibit A hereto.

12. Access to Records. SVTVB shall maintain all preparatory books, records, documents, accounting ledgers, and similar materials including but not limited to calculation and survey notes relating to work performed for the City under this Agreement on file for at least three (3) years following the date of final payment to SVTVB by City. Any duly authorized representative(s) of City shall have access to such records for the purpose of inspection, audit, and copying at reasonable times during SVTVB’s usual and customary business hours. SVTVB shall provide proper facilities to City’s representative(s) for such access and inspection.

13. Non-Assignability. It is recognized by the parties hereto that a substantial inducement to City for entering into this Agreement was, and is, the professional reputation and competence of SVTVB. This Agreement is personal to SVTVB and shall not be assigned by it without express written approval of the City.

14. Termination.
(A) City shall have the authority to terminate this Agreement, upon ten days written notice to SVTVB, as follows:
(1) If in the City’s opinion the conduct of the SVTVB is such that the interest of the City may be impaired or prejudiced, or
(2) If in the City’s opinion the conduct of the SVTVB is in violation of the requirements of the operation of a California Welcome Center as provided by Visit California.
(B) Upon termination, SVTVB shall be entitled to payment of such amount as fairly compensates SVTVB for all work satisfactorily performed up to the date of termination based upon the SVTVB’s rates shown in Section 3 of this Agreement, except that:
(1) In the event of termination by the City for SVTVB’s default, City shall deduct from the amount due SVTVB the total amount of additional expenses incurred by City as a result of such default. Such deduction from amounts due SVTVB are made to compensate City for its actual additional costs incurred in securing satisfactory performance of the terms of this Agreement, including but not limited to, costs of engaging another SVTVB(s) for such purposes. In the event that such additional expenses shall

Page 8 of 15 ends

Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23
exceed amounts otherwise due and payable to SVTVB hereunder, SVTVB shall pay City the full amount of such expense.
(C) The rights and remedy of the City and SVTVB provided under this Section are not exclusive and are in addition to any other rights and remedies provided by law or appearing in any other section of this Agreement.

15. Compliance with Laws, Rules, and Regulations. Services performed by SVTVB pursuant to this Agreement shall be performed in accordance and full compliance with all applicable federal, state, and City laws and any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder.

16. Exhibits Incorporated. All exhibits referred to in this Agreement and attached to it are hereby incorporated in it by this reference. In the event there is a conflict between any of the terms of this Agreement and any of the terms of any exhibit to the Agreement, the terms of the Agreement shall control the respective duties and liabilities of the parties.

17. Independent Contractor. It is expressly understood and agreed by both parties that SVTVB, while engaged in carrying out and complying with any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, is an independent contractor and not an employee of the City. SVTVB expressly warrants not to represent, at any time or in any manner, that SVTVB is an employee or servant of the City.

18. Integration and Entire Agreement. This Agreement represents the entire understanding of City and SVTVB as to those matters contained herein. No prior oral or written understanding shall be of any force or effect with respect to those matters contained herein. This Agreement may not be modified or altered except by amendment in writing signed by both parties.

19. Jurisdiction and Venue. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, County of Monterey, and City of Salinas.

Jurisdiction of litigation arising from this Agreement shall be in the State of California, in the County of Monterey or in the appropriate federal court with jurisdiction over the matter.

20. Severability. If any part of this Agreement is found to be in conflict with applicable laws, such part shall be inoperative, null and void insofar as it is in conflict with said laws, but the remainder of the Agreement shall continue to be in full force and effect.

21. Notices.
(A) Written notices to the City hereunder shall, until further notice by City, be addressed to:

City Manager
City of Salinas
200 Lincoln Avenue
Salinas, California 93901

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Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23
With a copy to:

City Attorney
City of Salinas
200 Lincoln Avenue
Salinas, California 93901
(B) Written notices to the SVTVB shall, until further notice by the SVTVB, be addressed to:

Craig Kaufman
Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
8305 Prunedale North Road, #7
Salinas, CA 93907
(C) The execution of any such notices by the City Manager shall be effective as to SVTVB as if it were by resolution or order of the City Council, and SVTVB shall not question the authority of the City Manager to execute any such notice. (D) All such notices shall either be delivered personally to the other party’s designee named above, or shall be deposited in the United States Mail, properly addressed as aforesaid, postage fully prepaid, and shall be effective the day following such deposit in the mail.

22. Nondiscrimination. During the performance of this Agreement, SVTVB shall not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, color, religion, ancestry, creed, sex, national origin, familial status, sexual orientation, age (over 40 years) or disability. SVTVB shall take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, color, religion, ancestry, creed, sex, national origin, familial status, sexual orientation, age (over 40 years) or disability.

23. Conflict of Interest. SVTVB warrants and declares that it presently has no interest, and shall not acquire any interest, direct or indirect, financial or otherwise, in any manner or degree which will render the services required under the provisions of this Agreement a violation of any applicable local, state or federal law. SVTVB further declares that, in the performance of this Agreement, no subcontractor or person having such an interest shall be employed. In the event that any conflict of interest should nevertheless hereinafter arise, SVTVB shall promptly notify City of the existence of such conflict of interest so that City may determine whether to terminate this Agreement. SVTVB further warrants its compliance with the Political Reform Act (Government Code section 81000 et seq.) and Salinas City Code Chapter 2A that apply to SVTVB as the result of SVTVB’s performance of the work or services pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.

24. Headings. The section headings appearing herein shall not be deemed to govern, limit, modify, or in any manner affect the scope, meaning or intent of the provisions of this Agreement.

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Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23

25. Attorneys’ Fees. In case suit shall be brought to interpret or to enforce this Agreement, or because of the breach of any other covenant or provision herein contained, the prevailing party in such action shall be entitled to recover their reasonable attorneys’ fees in addition to such costs as may be allowed by the Court. City’s attorneys’ fees, if awarded, shall be calculated at the market rate.

26. Non-Exclusive Agreement. This Agreement is non-exclusive and both City and SVTVB expressly reserve the right to contract with other entities for the same or similar services.

27. Rights and Obligations Under Agreement. By entering into this Agreement, the parties do not intend to create any obligations express or implied other than those set out herein; further, this Agreement shall not create any rights in any party not a signatory hereto.

28. Licenses. If a license of any kind, which term is intended to include evidence of registration, is required of SVTVB, its representatives, agents or subcontractors by federal, state or local law, SVTVB warrants that such license has been obtained, is valid and in good standing, and that any applicable bond posted in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

29. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute a single agreement.

30. Legal Representation. Each party affirms that it has been represented, if it so chose, by legal counsel of its own choosing regarding the preparation and the negotiation of this Agreement and the matters and claims set forth herein, and that each of them has read this Agreement and is fully aware of its contents and its legal effect. Neither party is relying on any statement of the other party outside the terms set forth in this Agreement as an inducement to enter into this Agreement.

31. Joint Representation. The language of all parts of this Agreement shall in all cases be construed as a whole, according to its fair meaning, and not strictly for or against any party. No presumptions or rules of interpretation based upon the identity of the party preparing or drafting the Agreement, or any part thereof, shall be applicable or invoked.

32. Warranty of Authority. Each party represents and warrants that it has the right, power, and authority to enter into this Agreement. Each party further represents and warrants that it has given any and all notices, and obtained any and all consents, powers, and authorities, necessary to permit it, and the persons entering into this Agreement for it, to enter into this Agreement.

33. No Waiver of Rights. Waiver of a breach or default under this Agreement shall not constitute a continuing waiver or a waiver of a subsequent breach of the same or any other provision of this Agreement. The failure to provide notice of any breach of this Agreement or failure to comply with any of the terms of this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver thereof.

Failure on the part of either party to enforce any provision of this Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of the right to compel enforcement of such provision or any other provision. A waiver by the City of any one or more of the conditions of performance under this Agreement shall not be construed as waiver(s) of any other condition of performance under this Agreement.

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Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have made and executed this Agreement on the date first written above.

CITY OF SALINAS
____________________________
Steven S. Carrigan
City Manager
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
_________________________
□Christopher A. Callihan, City Attorney, or
□Rhonda Combs, Assistant City Attorney
SVTVB
___________________________________
Craig Kaufman
Executive Director

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Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23
Exhibit A
Insurance Requirements
SVTVB shall procure and maintain for the duration of the Agreement insurance against claims for injuries to persons or damage to property which may arise from or in connection with the performance of the work hereunder and the results of that work by the SVTVB, his agents, representatives, employees, or subcontractors. With respect to General Liability and Professional Liability, coverage should be maintained for a minimum of five (5) years after Agreement completion.

MINIMUM SCOPE AND LIMIT OF INSURANCE
Coverage shall be at least as broad as:
(A)Commercial General Liability (“CGL”): Insurance Services Office Form (“ISO”) CG 00 01 covering CGL on an occurrence basis, including products and completed operations, property damage, bodily injury, and personal & advertising injury with limits no less than $1,000,000 per occurrence. If a general aggregate limit applies, either the general aggregate limit shall apply separately to this project/location (ISO CG 25 03 or 25 04) or the general aggregate limit shall be twice the required occurrence limit. (B) Automobile Liability: ISO Form CA 0001 covering any auto, or if SVTVB has no owned autos, hired and non-owned, with limits no less than $1,000,000 per accident for bodily injury and property damage.
(C)Workers’ Compensation insurance as required by the State of California, with Statutory Limits, and Employer’s Liability Insurance with a limit of no less than $1,000,000 per accident for bodily injury or disease.
(D)Professional Liability (also known as Errors and Omissions) insurance appropriate to the work being performed, with limits no less than $1,000,000 per occurrence or claim, $2,000,000 aggregate per policy period of one year.

If the SVTVB maintains broader coverage and/or higher limits than the minimums shown above, the City of Salinas requires and shall be entitled to the broader coverage and/or higher limits maintained by the SVTVB. Any available insurance proceeds in excess of the specified minimum limits of insurance and coverage shall be available to the City.

OTHER INSURANCE PROVISIONS
The insurance policies are to contain, or be endorsed to contain, the following provisions:

Additional Insured Status
The City of Salinas, its officers, officials, employees, and volunteers are to be covered as additional insureds on the CGL policy with respect to liability arising out of work or operations performed by or on behalf of the SVTVB including materials, parts, or equipment furnished in connection with such work or operations. General liability coverage can be provided in the form of an endorsement to the SVTVB’s insurance (at least as broad as ISO Form CG 20 10, CG 11 85, or both CG 20 10, CG 20 26, CG 20 33, or CG 20 38; and CG 20 37 forms if later revisions used).

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Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23
Primary Coverage
For any claims related to this Agreement or the project described within this Agreement, the SVTVB’s insurance coverage shall be primary coverage at least as broad as ISO Form CG 20 01 04 13 as respects the City, its officers, officials, employees, and volunteers. Any insurance or self-insurance maintained by the City, its officers, officials, employees, or volunteers shall be excess of the SVTVB’s insurance and shall not contribute with it.

Notice of Cancellation
Each insurance policy required above shall provide that coverage shall not be canceled, except with notice to the City.

Waiver of Subrogation
SVTVB hereby grants to City a waiver of any right to subrogation which any insurer of said SVTVB may acquire against the City by virtue of the payment of any loss under such insurance.

SVTVB agrees to obtain any endorsement that may be necessary to affect this waiver of subrogation, but this provision applies regardless of whether or not the City has received a waiver of subrogation endorsement from the insurer.

The Workers’ Compensation policy shall be endorsed with a waiver of subrogation in favor of the City of Salinas for all work performed by the SVTVB, its employees, agents, and subcontractors.

Self-Insured Retentions
Self-insured retentions must be declared by SVTVB to and approved by the City. At the option of the City, SVTVB shall provide coverage to reduce or eliminate such self-insured retentions as respects the City, its officers, officials, employees, and volunteers; or the SVTVB shall provide evidence satisfactory to the City guaranteeing payment of losses and related investigations, claim administrations, and defense expenses. The policy language shall provide, or be endorsed to provide, that the self-insured retention may be satisfied by either the named insured or City.

Acceptability of Insurers
Insurance is to be placed with insurers with a current A.M. Best’s rating of no less than A:VII, unless otherwise acceptable to the City.

Claims Made Policies
If any of the required policies provide coverage on a claims-made basis:

1. The Retroactive Date must be shown and must be before the date of this Agreement or the beginning of Agreement work.

2. Insurance must be maintained and evidence of insurance must be provided for at least five (5) years after completion of the Agreement of work.

3. If coverage is canceled or non-renewed, and not replaced with another claims-made policy form with a Retroactive Date prior to the Agreement effective date, the SVTVB must purchase “extended reporting” coverage for a minimum of five (5) years after completion of Agreement work.

4. A copy of the claims reporting requirements must be submitted to the City for review.

Verification of Coverage
SVTVB shall furnish the City with original certificates and amendatory endorsements or copies of the applicable insurance language effecting coverage required by this Agreement. All

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Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23
certificates and endorsements are to be received and approved by the City before work commences. However, failure to obtain the required documents prior to the work beginning shall not waive the SVTVB’s obligation to provide them. The City reserves the right to require complete, certified copies of all required insurance policies, including endorsements required by these specifications, at any time.

Subcontractors
SVTVB shall require and verify that all sub-SVTVBs and/or subcontractors maintain insurance meeting all the requirements stated herein, and SVTVB shall ensure that Entity is an additional insured on insurance required from such sub-SVTVBs and/or subcontractors.

Special Risks or Circumstances
City reserves the right to modify these requirements, including limits, based on the nature of the risk, prior experience, insurer, coverage, or other special circumstances.

Maintenance of Insurance
Maintenance of insurance by SVTVB as specified shall in no way be interpreted as relieving SVTVB of its indemnification obligations or any responsibility whatsoever and the SVTVB may carry, at its own expense, such additional insurance as it deems necessary.

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Salinas Valley Tourism and Visitors Bureau
FY23
Exhibit B
The SVTVB shall operate a California Welcome Center (“Welcome Center”) that is officially recognized by Visit California. To accomplish this, SVTVB shall perform the following tasks:

A. The SVTVB shall continue to operate the California Welcome Center within the City of Salinas and shall be responsible for ensuring that said Center is operated in accordance with the requirements of Visit California. SVTVB shall employ staff of appropriate quantity and skill so that the Welcome Center is open to the public seven days per week for the duration of this contract. In the event that this staff member is unable to perform his/her duties, or in the event Welcome Center at any point becomes unable to remain open seven days per week, Welcome Center shall employ contract labor or take other means necessary to maintain uninterrupted seven-day-per-week operations. The requirement to remain open shall be waived for any holidays recognized by the City of Salinas. This Section shall be inapplicable if the Welcome Center is required to close pursuant to a lawful health order issued by a state or local government, or if directed to do so by Visit California.

B. SVTVB shall provide monthly reports to the City of Salinas. These reports shall include information sufficient to enable the City to report on the success of the Welcome Center in increasing the number of overnight stays within the City of Salinas. This information shall include, but is not limited to, the number of visitors to the Center (on a daily basis), an itemized summary of marketing materials (whether presented electronically or on a physical medium such as paper or canvas) which provide information regarding potential lodging options within the City of Salinas, an itemized list of additional marketing materials used to attract visitors to the Welcome Center or the Salinas area, a summary (when available) of how many printed materials were provided to visitors, the number of visitors to SVTVB’s website, and any additional information which can be collected or derived from collected data using formulas or software commonly utilized and accepted throughout the industry.

C. SVTVB shall meet and confer with the hotel operators within the City of Salinas, individually or collectively, on a reasonable basis, but not less than once per year, to discuss opportunities for the Welcome Center to increase the number of overnight stays within the City of Salinas.

City of Salinas
Legislation Text
200 Lincoln Ave., Salinas,
CA 93901
www.cityofsalinas.org
File #: ID#22-406, Version: 1
2022 Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Approve a resolution approving the Hazard Mitigation Plan to ensure grant eligibility of the City of Salinas.

City of Salinas Page 1 of 1 Printed on 8/17/2022
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CITY OF SALINAS

COUNCIL STAFF REPORT
DATE: AUGUST 23, 2022
DEPARTMENT: FIRE DEPARTMENT
FROM: SKYLAR THORNTON, BATTALION CHIEF / FIRE MARSHAL
TITLE: MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
RECOMMENDATION MOTION:

It is recommended that the Salinas City Council adopt the 2022 Monterey County MultiJurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan:
• Volume 1: Planning Area Wide Elements and,
• Volume 2: City of Salinas Annex
RECOMMENDATION:

Staff recommends Council adopt the Hazard Mitigation Plan as soon as possible to ensure grant eligibility for the City of Salinas. The plan will provide for improved infrastructure, increased support for our citizens, business owners and industry.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the California Governors’ Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) have completed a preliminary review of the 2022 Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP). FEMA and Cal OES have given tentative approval of the plan, pending local adoption. The approval of the plan ensures the City of Salinas eligibility and pre-qualification for potential federal pre-and post-disaster funding. The plan includes hazard identification, risk and vulnerability assessments, and mitigation strategies to reduce vulnerability and risk from hazards and reduce the severity of the effects of hazards on people, property, and the environment.

BACKGROUND:

Monterey County and City of Salinas is potentially vulnerable to a wide range of natural and manmade hazards. These hazards can threaten the life and safety of residents and visitors and have the potential to damage or destroy both public and private property and disrupt the local economy and overall quality of life. While the threats from hazard events may never be fully eliminated, there is much that can be done to lessen their potential impact. The purpose of hazard mitigation is to implement and sustain actions that reduce vulnerability and risk from hazards or reduce the severity of the effects of hazards on people, property, and the environment.

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The 2022 Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) is a comprehensive update to the 2016 Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan and represents the third iteration of the MJHMP, which was initially adopted in 2007.The planning area for the MJHMP encompasses the entire geographic area of Monterey County and includes the following Participating Jurisdictions: Monterey County, the cities of Carmel-by-the-Sea, Del Rey Oaks, Gonzales, Greenfield, King, Marina, Monterey, Pacific Grove, Salinas, Sand City, Seaside, and Soledad, as well as the Monterey County Water Resources Agency, the Carmel Area Wastewater District, Monterey One Water, the Monterey Regional Waste Management District, and the Moss Landing Harbor District.

The 2022 update to the MJHMP was developed by the MJHMP Steering Committee, made up of participants from the County and Participating Jurisdictions. The Steering Committee served as an advisory body on hazard and mitigation action priorities both for the County as a whole and each jurisdiction individually, with Monterey County Office of Emergency Services as the Planning Lead. The Monterey County MJHMP:
• Provides an explanation of prevalent hazards within the County and describes how hazards may affect the County and participating jurisdictions differently based upon various relationships to natural hazards.
• Includes a discussion of hazard location, size of a typical event, historical occurrences, and the probability of future occurrences for each identified hazard. • Identifies risks to vulnerable assets, both people and property. • Provides a mitigation strategy that responds to the identified vulnerabilities within each community and provides prescriptions or actions to achieve the greatest risk reduction based upon available resources.
• Pools resources from throughout the County and creates a uniform local hazard mitigation plan that can be consistently implemented.
• Ensures eligibility for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and Cal OES grants
•
The City of Salinas Annex provides specific details on the City’ planning process, a City specific risk and vulnerability assessment, and a mitigation strategy that responds to the identified vulnerabilities within to achieve the greatest risk reduction based upon available resources.

The plan underwent review by the County and Participating Jurisdictions, the general public (Review period occurred from December 2021 to March 2022) and received Approval Pending Adoption from FEMA on June 14, 2022
CEQA CONSIDERATION:

Not a Project. The City of Salinas has determined that the proposed action is not a project as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (CEQA Guidelines Section 15378).

STRATEGIC PLAN INITIATIVE:

This plan fits within the current concepts of the strategic plan:
• Effective and Culturally Responsive Government
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• Public Safety
• Infrastructure and Environmental Sustainability
FISCAL AND SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT:

There is no fiscal impact for the approval of the MJHMP. However, implementation of the MJHMP will require funding and staff resources. Future funding requests will come before this Board for consideration as part of the budget process or on a case-by-case basis.

ATTACHMENTS:

Resolution
FEMA Review Letter
MJHMP Volume 1
MJHMP Volume 2
1 RESOLUTION NO. (N.C.S.)
A RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE 2022 MONTEREY COUNTY MULTIJURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN WHEREAS, the City of Salinas is vulnerable to natural hazards that may result in loss of life and property, economic hardship, and threats to the public health and safety; and WHEREAS, City of Salinas anticipates climate change will exacerbate the severity, frequency, and impacts of natural hazards; and
WHEREAS, pro-active mitigation of known hazards before a disaster event can reduce or eliminate long-term risk to life and property; and
WHEREAS, a coalition of Monterey County local governments and special districts embarked on a planning process to prepare for and lessen the impacts of specified hazards by updating the Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP), which is the blueprint for reducing the Operational Area's vulnerability to disasters and hazards; and WHEREAS, the update to the MJHMP has been prepared in accordance with federal laws, including the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended; Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, as amended; the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended; and the National Dam Safety Program Act, as amended; and WHEREAS, the MJHMP identifies mitigation goals and actions to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property in City of Salinas from the impacts of future hazards and disasters; and
WHEREAS, the MJHMP planning partnership and City of Salinas completed a coordinated planning process that engaged the public, assessed the risk and vulnerability to the impacts of natural hazards, developed a mitigation strategy consistent with a set of uniform goals and objectives, and created a plan for implementing, evaluating, and revising the strategy; and WHEREAS, each jurisdiction has been responsible for the review and approval of their individual sections of the Plan and the Plan presents the accumulated information in a unified framework to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated hazard mitigation plan that covers the entire Monterey County Operational Area planning area that is aligned with the goals, objectives and priorities of the State's multi-hazard mitigation plan; and WHEREAS, the result of the countywide organizational effort is a two volume Hazard Mitigation Plan, which will result in a FEMA and California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) approved multi-jurisdictional, multi-hazard mitigation plan; and WHEREAS, the MJHMP has been reviewed by the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) and FEMA, Region IX, and have approved it contingent upon its official adoption by the participating governing bodies; and 2 WHEREAS, adoption of the Plan will allow the jurisdictional partners to collectively and individually become eligible to apply for hazard mitigation project funding and demonstrates its commitment to hazard mitigation and achieving the goals outlined in the Monterey County MultiJurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan.

NOW, THEREFORE, be it resolved that the Salinas City Council finds this action exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15262 (feasibility and planning studies) and Section 15061(b)(3) (common sense exemption); and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Salinas City Council, hereby adopts the 2022 Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, consisting of Volume 1 in its entirety and City of Salinas ’s Annex in Volume 2; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the (Jurisdiction Governing Body), resolves to integrate the Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan by reference into the Public Safety Element of the General Plan in accordance with the requirements of Government Code sections 65302, 65302.6, and 8685.9; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Salinas City Council directs staff to:

1. Use the Plan to guide pre-and post-disaster hazard mitigation.

2. Pursue implementation of the identified mitigation actions subject to the limitations of available of funding and staff.

3. Coordinate the strategies in the plan with other planning programs and mechanisms under its jurisdictional authority.

4. Continue support of ongoing countywide mitigation efforts.

5. Continue to participate in the regional planning partnership as described by the MJHMP; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that City of Salinas will submit this adopted resolution to the California Office of Emergency Services and FEMA Region IX officials to enable the Plan's final approval in accordance with the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 and to establish conformance with the requirements of AB 2140; and PASSED AND APPROVED this 29 day of August 2022, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:
3 APPROVED:
______________________________
Kimbley Craig, Mayor
ATTEST:
_________________________
Patricia M. Barajas, City Clerk
March 2022

COUNTY OF MONTEREY
Carmel-by-the-Sea Del Rey Oaks
Gonzales Greenfield
King City Marina
Monterey Pacific Grove
Salinas Sand City
Seaside Soledad
Carmel Area Wastewater District
Monterey County Water Resources Agency
Monterey One Water
Monterey Regional Waste Management District
Moss Landing Harbor District
VOLUME 1

MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | i

MONTEREY COUNTY OFFICE OF EMERGENCY SERVICES

GERRY MALAIS, EMERGENCY MANAGER

TERESA MEISTER, SENIOR SECRETARY

KELSEY SCANLON, EMERGENCY SERVICES PLANNER

JUSTIN LIN, EMERGENCY SERVICES PLANNER

LAURA EMMONS, EMERGENCY SERVICES PLANNER

DANIEL GONZALEZ, EMERGENCY SERVICES PLANNER

LUBNA MOHAMMAD, COMMUNITY RESILIENCE PLANNER

TRACY MOLFINO, EMERGENCY SERVICES PLANNER
1322 NATIVIDAD RD, SALINAS, CA
[email protected]
831-796-1905

IT IS THE POLICY OF THE COUNTY OF MONTEREY THAT NO PERSON SHALL BE DENIED THE

BENEFITS OF OR BE SUBJECTED TO DISCRIMINATION IN ANY CITY PROGRAM, SERVICE, OR

ACTIVITY ON THE GROUNDS OF RACE, RELIGION, COLOR, NATIONAL ORIGIN, ENGLISH

PROFICIENCY, SEX, AGE, DISABILITY, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY, OR SOURCE OF INCOME. THE COUNTY OF MONTEREY ALSO REQUIRES ITS CONTRACTORS AND GRANTEES TO COMPLY WITH THIS POLICY.

COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | ii

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COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan update was made possible through the dedicated efforts of each participating jurisdiction, stakeholders, members of the public, and the Monterey County Office of Emergency Services. The development of this plan would not have been possible without the dedication and commitment of the Hazard Mitigation Plan Steering Committee.

Participating jurisdictions include:

Monterey County
City of Carmel-by-the-Sea
City of Del Rey Oaks
City of Gonzales
City of Greenfield
City of King
City of Marina
City of Monterey
City of Pacific Grove
City of Salinas
City of Sand City
City of Seaside
City of Soledad
Monterey County Water Resources Agency
Carmel Area Wastewater District
Monterey One Water
Monterey Regional Waste Management District
Moss Landing Harbor District
Special thanks to the following partners who helped make this project possible:

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) Monterey County Information Technology Department
The citizens of Monterey County are commended for their participation in the outreach strategy. This outreach success will set the course for the successful implementation of this plan during the next performance period.

COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | iv

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COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | v

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................xxv Hazard Mitigation Overview.................................................................................................... xxv Updating the Monterey County Plan....................................................................................... xxv Guiding Principle..................................................................................................................... xxvi Scope and Authority ............................................................................................................... xxvi Plan Structure ........................................................................................................................ xxvii Risk Assessment..................................................................................................................... xxvii Mitigation Goals...................................................................................................................... xxix Hazard Problem Statements................................................................................................... xxix Mitigation Action Plan ........................................................................................................... xxxii Implementation .................................................................................................................... xxxiii Part A: Planning and Community Profile ................................................................................ A

1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Hazard Mitigation Planning ............................................................................................... 1-2

1.1.1 Regulatory Framework............................................................................................................. 1-2

1.1.2 Benefits of Mitigation Planning................................................................................................ 1-3

1.2 Purpose of Planning and the Plan Update......................................................................... 1-3

1.2.1 Objectives of the Plan Update.................................................................................................. 1-4

1.2.2 Participating Jurisdictions......................................................................................................... 1-4

1.3 Contents of the Plan .......................................................................................................... 1-5

1.3.1 What’s New? ............................................................................................................................ 1-7

2. Planning Profile .............................................................................................................. 2-1

2.1 Planning Timeline............................................................................................................... 2-2

2.1.1 The Steering Committee .......................................................................................................... 2-2

2.1.2 Stakeholder Engagement ......................................................................................................... 2-5

2.1.3 Jurisdiction Specific Planning Efforts........................................................................................ 2-7

2.2 Public Engagement ............................................................................................................ 2-8

2.2.1 Website .................................................................................................................................... 2-8

2.2.2 Survey....................................................................................................................................... 2-9

2.2.3 Community Forums................................................................................................................ 2-12

2.2.4 Public Presentations............................................................................................................... 2-14

2.3 Assess the Risk ................................................................................................................. 2-15

2.4 Develop a Mitigation Strategy ......................................................................................... 2-15

2.5 Adopt and Implement the Plan ....................................................................................... 2-16

3. Community Profile.......................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Location, Geography, and Climate..................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 History................................................................................................................................ 3-3

3.3 Population and Demographics........................................................................................... 3-7 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | vi

3.3.1 Demographics........................................................................................................................... 3-9

3.3.2 Income.................................................................................................................................... 3-10

3.3.3 Education................................................................................................................................ 3-10

3.4 Housing ............................................................................................................................ 3-11

3.5 Local Economy ................................................................................................................. 3-12

3.6 Employment..................................................................................................................... 3-14

3.7 Social Vulnerability .......................................................................................................... 3-16

3.7.1 Socioeconomic Status............................................................................................................. 3-18

3.7.2 Household Composition and Disability .................................................................................. 3-19

3.7.3 Minority Status and Language................................................................................................ 3-20

3.7.4 Housing and Transportation................................................................................................... 3-21

3.8 Land Use and Development Trends................................................................................. 3-23 Part B: Hazard Profiles and Risk Assessment.......................................................................... B

4. Risk Assessment Methods............................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Hazard Identification ......................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1.1 Disaster Declaration History..................................................................................................... 4-6

4.1.2 EOC Activations...................................................................................................................... 4-10

4.2 Hazard Profiles................................................................................................................. 4-11

4.3 Risk Assessment Methodology ........................................................................................ 4-12

4.3.1 Population and Asset Inventory ............................................................................................. 4-12

4.3.2 Hazard Exposure..................................................................................................................... 4-16

4.3.3 Hazard Vulnerability............................................................................................................... 4-18

4.3.4 Limitations.............................................................................................................................. 4-19

4.4 Hazard Prioritization and Risk Ranking............................................................................ 4-19

4.4.1 Threat Hazard Risk Assessment Survey.................................................................................. 4-20

4.4.2 Ranking Methodology ............................................................................................................ 4-21

4.4.3 Results.................................................................................................................................... 4-22

5. Agricultural Emergencies ................................................................................................ 5-1

5.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 5-1

5.1.1 Natural Disasters & Severe Weather........................................................................................ 5-1

5.1.2 Pests, Weeds, and Diseases ..................................................................................................... 5-2

5.2 Hazard Profile..................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.2.1 History ...................................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.2.1 Location.................................................................................................................................... 5-6

5.2.2 Frequency................................................................................................................................. 5-6

5.2.3 Severity..................................................................................................................................... 5-7

5.2.4 Warning Time ........................................................................................................................... 5-7

5.3 Secondary Hazards............................................................................................................. 5-7

5.4 Risk Assessment................................................................................................................. 5-8

5.4.1 Population ................................................................................................................................ 5-8

5.4.2 Property.................................................................................................................................... 5-8

5.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 5-12

5.4.4 Environment........................................................................................................................... 5-12

5.4.5 Economic Impact.................................................................................................................... 5-13

5.5 Future Trends in Development........................................................................................ 5-14 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | vii

5.6 Issues................................................................................................................................ 5-14

6. Coastal Erosion............................................................................................................... 6-1

6.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 6-1

6.1.1 Sand Mining in Monterey County ............................................................................................ 6-2

6.1.2 Types of Coastal Erosion .......................................................................................................... 6-2

6.2 Hazard Profile..................................................................................................................... 6-3

6.2.1 History ...................................................................................................................................... 6-3

6.2.2 Location.................................................................................................................................... 6-5

6.2.3 Frequency................................................................................................................................. 6-5

6.2.4 Severity..................................................................................................................................... 6-6

6.2.5 Warning Time ........................................................................................................................... 6-6

6.3 Secondary Hazards............................................................................................................. 6-6

6.4 Risk Assessment................................................................................................................. 6-7

6.4.1 Population ................................................................................................................................ 6-7

6.4.2 Property.................................................................................................................................... 6-8

6.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ......................................................................................... 6-9

6.4.4 Environment........................................................................................................................... 6-10

6.4.5 Economic Impact.................................................................................................................... 6-10

6.5 Future Trends in Development........................................................................................ 6-11

6.6 Issues................................................................................................................................ 6-11

7. Dam and Levee Failure.................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 7-1

7.1.1 Dam Failure .............................................................................................................................. 7-1

7.1.2 Levee Failure ............................................................................................................................ 7-2

7.1.3 Regulatory Oversight................................................................................................................ 7-2

7.1.4 Dams in Monterey County ....................................................................................................... 7-5

7.1.5 Levees in Monterey County ..................................................................................................... 7-7

7.2 Hazard Profile..................................................................................................................... 7-8

7.2.1 History ...................................................................................................................................... 7-8

7.2.2 Location.................................................................................................................................... 7-9

7.2.3 Frequency............................................................................................................................... 7-13

7.2.4 Severity................................................................................................................................... 7-14

7.2.5 Warning Time ......................................................................................................................... 7-15

7.3 Secondary Hazards........................................................................................................... 7-16

7.4 Risk Assessment............................................................................................................... 7-16

7.4.1 Population .............................................................................................................................. 7-16

7.4.2 Property.................................................................................................................................. 7-18

7.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 7-21

7.4.4 Environment........................................................................................................................... 7-22

7.4.5 Economic Impact.................................................................................................................... 7-22

7.5 Future Trends in Development........................................................................................ 7-23

7.6 Issues................................................................................................................................ 7-23

8. Drought.......................................................................................................................... 8-1

8.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 8-1

8.1.1 Drought in California ................................................................................................................ 8-2 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | viii

8.1.2 Drought Conditions.................................................................................................................. 8-2

8.1.3 Local Water Supply and Water Shortage ................................................................................. 8-4

8.2 Hazard Profile..................................................................................................................... 8-5

8.2.1 History ...................................................................................................................................... 8-5

8.2.2 Location.................................................................................................................................... 8-8

8.2.3 Frequency................................................................................................................................. 8-8

8.2.4 Severity..................................................................................................................................... 8-9

8.2.5 Warning Time ......................................................................................................................... 8-10

8.3 Secondary Hazards........................................................................................................... 8-10

8.3.1 Seawater Intrusion ................................................................................................................. 8-11

8.3.2 Wildfire................................................................................................................................... 8-11

8.3.3 Debris Flows........................................................................................................................... 8-11

8.4 Risk Assessment............................................................................................................... 8-11

8.4.1 Population and Social Impacts............................................................................................... 8-12

8.4.2 Economic Impact.................................................................................................................... 8-12

8.4.3 Environmental Impact............................................................................................................ 8-13

8.5 Future Trends in Development........................................................................................ 8-13

8.6 Issues................................................................................................................................ 8-13

9. Earthquake..................................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 9-1

9.1.1 Earthquake Geology ................................................................................................................. 9-1

9.1.2 Earthquake Classifications........................................................................................................ 9-3

9.1.3 Ground Motion......................................................................................................................... 9-6

9.1.4 Liquefaction.............................................................................................................................. 9-7

9.2 Hazard Profile..................................................................................................................... 9-8

9.2.1 History ...................................................................................................................................... 9-8

9.2.2 Location.................................................................................................................................... 9-9

9.2.3 Frequency............................................................................................................................... 9-11

9.2.4 Severity................................................................................................................................... 9-12

9.2.5 Warning Time ......................................................................................................................... 9-15

9.3 Secondary Hazards........................................................................................................... 9-16

9.3.1 Dam and Levee Failure ........................................................................................................... 9-16

9.3.2 Landslides............................................................................................................................... 9-16

9.3.3 Tsunamis................................................................................................................................. 9-16

9.4 Risk Assessment............................................................................................................... 9-16

9.4.1 Population .............................................................................................................................. 9-16

9.4.2 Property.................................................................................................................................. 9-17

9.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 9-19

9.4.4 Environment........................................................................................................................... 9-20

9.4.5 Economic Impact.................................................................................................................... 9-21

9.5 Future Trends in Development........................................................................................ 9-21

9.6 Issues................................................................................................................................ 9-21

10. Flooding ..................................................................................................................... 10-1

10.1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 10-1

10.1.1 Floodplains...........................................................................................................................10-1

10.1.2 National Flood Insurance Program.......................................................................................10-2 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | ix

10.1.3 Types of Flooding .................................................................................................................10-5

10.1.4 Watersheds In Monterey County.........................................................................................10-7

10.2 Hazard Profile................................................................................................................. 10-8

10.2.1 History ..................................................................................................................................10-8

10.2.2 Location..............................................................................................................................10-12

10.2.3 Frequency...........................................................................................................................10-15

10.2.4 Severity...............................................................................................................................10-16

10.2.5 Warning Time .....................................................................................................................10-16

10.3 Secondary Hazards....................................................................................................... 10-17

10.4 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................... 10-17

10.4.1 Population ..........................................................................................................................10-17

10.4.2 Property..............................................................................................................................10-18

10.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ...................................................................................10-18

10.4.4 Environment.......................................................................................................................10-20

10.4.5 Economic Impact................................................................................................................10-20

10.5 Future Trends in Development.................................................................................... 10-21

10.6 Issues............................................................................................................................ 10-21

11. Hazardous Materials Incident...................................................................................... 11-1

11.1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 11-1

11.1.1 Types of Hazardous Materials Incidents..............................................................................11-2

11.1.2 Oversight ..............................................................................................................................11-3

11.2 Hazard Profile................................................................................................................. 11-3

11.2.1 History ..................................................................................................................................11-3

11.2.2 Location................................................................................................................................11-5

11.2.3 Frequency.............................................................................................................................11-7

11.2.4 Severity................................................................................................................................. 11-7

11.2.5 Warning Time .......................................................................................................................11-7

11.3 Secondary Hazards......................................................................................................... 11-7

11.4 Risk Assessment............................................................................................................. 11-8

11.4.1 Population ............................................................................................................................11-8

11.4.2 Property................................................................................................................................11-9

11.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ...................................................................................11-10

11.4.4 Environment.......................................................................................................................11-11

11.4.5 Economic Impact................................................................................................................11-11

11.5 Future Trends in Development.................................................................................... 11-11

11.6 Issues............................................................................................................................ 11-11

12. Human-Caused Hazards.............................................................................................. 12-1

12.1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 12-1

12.1.1 Cyber-Attack.........................................................................................................................12-2

12.1.2 Targeted Violence ................................................................................................................12-3

12.1.3 Terrorism..............................................................................................................................12-4

12.1.4 Mass Migration.....................................................................................................................12-7

12.2 Hazard Profile............................................................................................................... 12-10

12.2.1 History ................................................................................................................................12-10

12.2.2 Location..............................................................................................................................12-11

12.2.3 Frequency...........................................................................................................................12-14 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | x

12.2.4 Severity...............................................................................................................................12-15

12.2.5 Warning Time .....................................................................................................................12-16

12.3 Secondary Hazards....................................................................................................... 12-17

12.4 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................... 12-17

12.4.1 Population ..........................................................................................................................12-18

12.4.2 Property..............................................................................................................................12-18

12.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ...................................................................................12-19

12.4.4 Environment.......................................................................................................................12-21

12.4.5 Economic Impacts ..............................................................................................................12-21

12.5 Future Trends in Development.................................................................................... 12-22

12.6 Issues............................................................................................................................ 12-23

13. Public Health Hazards ................................................................................................. 13-1

13.1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 13-1

13.1.1 Influenza...............................................................................................................................13-2

13.1.2 Coronaviruses.......................................................................................................................13-3

13.1.3 Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers.....................................................................................................13-5

13.1.4 Tick & Mosquito Borne Illness..............................................................................................13-6

13.1.5 Valley Fever..........................................................................................................................13-9

13.1.6 Policies, Plans, and Regulatory Environment.....................................................................13-10

13.2 Hazard Profile............................................................................................................... 13-11

13.2.1 History ................................................................................................................................13-11

13.2.2 Location..............................................................................................................................13-17

13.2.3 Frequency...........................................................................................................................13-17

13.2.4 Severity...............................................................................................................................13-18

13.2.5 Warning Time .....................................................................................................................13-18

13.3 Secondary Hazards....................................................................................................... 13-18

13.4 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................... 13-19

13.4.1 Population ..........................................................................................................................13-19

13.4.2 Property..............................................................................................................................13-19

13.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ...................................................................................13-19

13.4.4 Environment.......................................................................................................................13-19

13.4.5 Economy.............................................................................................................................13-20

13.5 Future Trends in Development.................................................................................... 13-20

13.6 Issues............................................................................................................................ 13-20

14. Severe Weather.......................................................................................................... 14-1

14.1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 14-1

14.1.1 Severe Winter Storms ..........................................................................................................14-2

14.1.2 Extreme Cold and Freeze......................................................................................................14-2

14.1.3 Windstorm............................................................................................................................14-3

14.1.4 Extreme Heat........................................................................................................................14-5

14.2 Hazard Profile................................................................................................................. 14-6

14.2.1 History ..................................................................................................................................14-6

14.2.2 Location................................................................................................................................14-8

14.2.3 Frequency...........................................................................................................................14-11

14.2.4 Severity...............................................................................................................................14-12

14.2.5 Warning Time .....................................................................................................................14-14 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xi

14.3 Secondary Hazards....................................................................................................... 14-14

14.4 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................... 14-14

14.4.1 Population ..........................................................................................................................14-14

14.4.2 Property..............................................................................................................................14-15

14.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ...................................................................................14-16

14.4.4 Environment....................................................................................................................... 14-16

14.4.5 Economic Impact................................................................................................................14-16

14.5 Future Trends in Development.................................................................................... 14-16

14.6 Issues............................................................................................................................ 14-17

15. Slope Failure............................................................................................................... 15-1

15.1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 15-1

15.1.1 Types of Slope Failure ..........................................................................................................15-1

15.1.2 Slope Failure Causes.............................................................................................................15-3

15.2 Hazard Profile................................................................................................................. 15-4

15.2.1 History ..................................................................................................................................15-4

15.2.2 Location................................................................................................................................15-7

15.2.3 Frequency...........................................................................................................................15-10

15.2.4 Severity...............................................................................................................................15-10

15.2.5 Warning Time .....................................................................................................................15-10

15.3 Secondary Hazards....................................................................................................... 15-11

15.4 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................... 15-12

15.4.1 Population ..........................................................................................................................15-12

15.4.2 Property..............................................................................................................................15-12

15.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ...................................................................................15-13

15.4.4 Environment.......................................................................................................................15-14

15.4.5 Economic Impact................................................................................................................15-15

15.5 Future Trends in Development.................................................................................... 15-15

15.6 Issues............................................................................................................................ 15-15

16. Tsunami...................................................................................................................... 16-1

16.1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 16-1

16.1.1 Tsunami Types......................................................................................................................16-3

16.2 Hazard Profile................................................................................................................. 16-3

16.2.1 History ..................................................................................................................................16-3

16.2.2 Location................................................................................................................................16-4

16.2.3 Frequency.............................................................................................................................16-7

16.2.4 Severity................................................................................................................................. 16-7

16.2.5 Warning Time .......................................................................................................................16-9

16.3 Secondary Hazards....................................................................................................... 16-10

16.4 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................... 16-10

16.4.1 Population ..........................................................................................................................16-10

16.4.2 Property..............................................................................................................................16-11

16.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ...................................................................................16-11

16.4.4 Environment.......................................................................................................................16-13

16.4.5 Economic Impact................................................................................................................16-13

16.5 Future Trends in Development.................................................................................... 16-13 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xii

16.6 Issues............................................................................................................................ 16-13

17. Utility Interruption...................................................................................................... 17-1

17.1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 17-1

17.1.1 Space Weather.....................................................................................................................17-3

17.2 Hazard Profile................................................................................................................. 17-6

17.2.1 History ..................................................................................................................................17-6

17.2.2 Location................................................................................................................................17-7

17.2.3 Frequency.............................................................................................................................17-7

17.2.4 Severity................................................................................................................................. 17-7

17.2.5 Warning Time .......................................................................................................................17-8

17.3 Secondary Hazards......................................................................................................... 17-8

17.4 Risk Assessment............................................................................................................. 17-8

17.4.1 Population ............................................................................................................................17-8

17.4.2 Property................................................................................................................................17-8

17.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure .....................................................................................17-9

17.4.4 Environment.........................................................................................................................17-9

17.4.5 Economic Impact..................................................................................................................17-9

17.5 Future Trends in Development.................................................................................... 17-10

17.6 Issues............................................................................................................................ 17-10

18. Wildfire ...................................................................................................................... 18-1

18.1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 18-1

18.1.1 Wildfire Protection Responsibility Areas..............................................................................18-1

18.1.2 Fire Protection Distircts and Agencies .................................................................................18-3

18.1.3 The Fire Equation .................................................................................................................18-7

18.1.4 Development Patterns and Wildfire Hazard ........................................................................18-9

18.2 Hazard Profile............................................................................................................... 18-10

18.2.1 History ................................................................................................................................18-10

18.2.2 Location..............................................................................................................................18-13

18.2.3 Frequency...........................................................................................................................18-14

18.2.4 Severity...............................................................................................................................18-15

18.2.5 Warning Time .....................................................................................................................18-17

18.3 Secondary Hazards....................................................................................................... 18-17

18.3.1 Wildfire Smoke...................................................................................................................18-17

18.3.2 Post-Fire Induced Debris Flows and Flood Flows...............................................................18-18

18.4 Risk Assessment........................................................................................................... 18-18

18.4.1 Population ..........................................................................................................................18-20

18.4.2 Property..............................................................................................................................18-21

18.4.3 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ...................................................................................18-21

18.4.4 Environment.......................................................................................................................18-23

18.4.5 Economic Impact................................................................................................................18-23

18.5 Future Trends in Development.................................................................................... 18-24

18.6 Issues............................................................................................................................ 18-24

19. Climate Change........................................................................................................... 19-1

19.1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 19-1

19.1.1 Sea Level Rise .......................................................................................................................19-2 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xiii

19.1.2 Climate Change and Hazard Mitigation................................................................................19-2

19.2 Hazard Profile................................................................................................................. 19-4

19.2.1 History ..................................................................................................................................19-4

19.2.2 Location................................................................................................................................19-5

19.2.3 Frequency.............................................................................................................................19-5

19.2.4 Severity................................................................................................................................. 19-5

19.2.5 Warning Time .......................................................................................................................19-9

19.3 Responses to Climate Change........................................................................................ 19-9

19.3.1 Community Resilience........................................................................................................19-10

19.4 Risk Assessment- Sea Level Rise .................................................................................. 19-12

19.4.1 Population and Property ....................................................................................................19-15

19.4.2 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure ...................................................................................19-16

19.4.3 Environment.......................................................................................................................19-17

19.4.4 Economic Impact................................................................................................................19-18

19.5 Risk Assessment- Hazards of Concern ......................................................................... 19-19

19.5.1 Agricultural Emergencies....................................................................................................19-19

19.5.2 Coastal Erosion...................................................................................................................19-20

19.5.3 Dam and Levee Failure.......................................................................................................19-21

19.5.4 Drought ..............................................................................................................................19-21

19.5.5 Earthquake .........................................................................................................................19-22

19.5.6 Flooding..............................................................................................................................19-22

19.5.7 Human Caused Hazards......................................................................................................19-23

19.5.8 Public Health Hazards.........................................................................................................19-23

19.5.9 Severe Weather..................................................................................................................19-25

19.5.10 Slope Failure.....................................................................................................................19-25

19.5.11 Tsunami ............................................................................................................................19-25

19.5.12 Wildfire.............................................................................................................................19-25

19.6 Issues............................................................................................................................ 19-26 Part C: Mitigation Capability and Strategy.............................................................................. C

20. Capability Assessment ................................................................................................ 20-1

20.1 Incorporation of Existing Plans, Studies, Reports, and Technical Information ............. 20-2

20.1.1 Federal..................................................................................................................................20-2

20.1.2 State .....................................................................................................................................20-9

20.2 Local Capability Assessment........................................................................................ 20-16

20.3 Safe Growth Survey ..................................................................................................... 20-17

20.4 NFIP Survey .................................................................................................................. 20-18

20.5 Capability Assessment Survey ..................................................................................... 20-20

21. Mitigation Strategy..................................................................................................... 21-1

21.1 Guiding Principle............................................................................................................ 21-1

21.2 Mitigation Goals............................................................................................................. 21-2

21.3 Identification of Mitigation Actions............................................................................... 21-3

21.4 Mitigation Action Prioritization ..................................................................................... 21-4

21.4.1 Mitigation Alternatives.........................................................................................................21-6

21.5 Hazard Prioritization ...................................................................................................... 21-6

21.5.1 Countywide Problem Statements ........................................................................................21-6 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xiv

21.6 Mitigation Action Plan ................................................................................................... 21-9

21.6.1 Countywide Mitigation Action Plan....................................................................................21-10

22. Plan Implementation and Maintenance ...................................................................... 22-1

22.1 Plan Adoption ................................................................................................................ 22-1

22.2 Plan Maintenance.......................................................................................................... 22-1

22.2.1 Plan Implementation............................................................................................................22-2

22.2.2 Incorporation into Other Planning Mechanisms..................................................................22-3

22.2.3 Plan Monitoring and Evaluation...........................................................................................22-4

22.2.4 Plan Update..........................................................................................................................22-5

22.2.5 Continued Public Involvement.............................................................................................22-6 Appendix 1: Plan Adoption Resolutions from Planning Partners Appendix 2: Plan Progress Report Template
Appendix 3: Steering Committee Meeting Agendas
COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xv

TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 2-1: MJHMP Planning Timeline.......................................................................................... 2-2 Table 2-2: 2022 MJHMP Steering Committee Members............................................................. 2-3 Table 2-3: Steering Committee Meeting Schedule...................................................................... 2-4 Table 2-4: Jurisdiction-Specific Planning Meetings ..................................................................... 2-7 Table 2-5: Public Survey Respondents by Location ................................................................... 2-10 Table 2-6: Hazard Mitigation Community Forums on the 2022 MJHMP .................................. 2-12 Table 2-7: Community Forums Interactive Activity Results: Community Assets ...................... 2-13 Table 2-8: Community Forums Interactive Activity Results: Hazard Concern........................... 2-14 Table 2-9: Public Presentations on the 2022 MJHMP Update .................................................. 2-14 Table 2-10: Jurisdiction Plan Adoption Dates............................................................................ 2-17 Table 3-1: Total Land Area and Population in Monterey County................................................ 3-8 Table 3-2: Home Ownership in Monterey County Compared to Other Jurisdictions............... 3-12 Table 3-3: Projected Change in Occupation in Monterey County............................................. 3-16 Table 3-4: Percent of Noninstitutionalized County Residents with a Disability by Age............ 3-20 Table 3-5: Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions of Adults Aged 18 and Over.................... 3-20 Table 3-6: Land Cover in Monterey County 2018 Statistics....................................................... 3-23 Table 4-1: Hazards of Concern..................................................................................................... 4-2 Table 4-2: Excluded Hazards........................................................................................................ 4-6 Table 4-3: Disaster Proclamations and Declarations (1990-2021).............................................. 4-8 Table 4-4: Monterey County Parcel and Population Inventory................................................. 4-15 Table 4-5: Critical Infrastructure and Assets Data Sources ....................................................... 4-16 Table 4-6: Hazard Exposure Data............................................................................................... 4-17 Table 4-7: Degree of Risk Scores................................................................................................ 4-22 Table 4-8: Number of Participating Jurisdictions Assigning A Given Ranking to a Hazard........ 4-23 Table 4-9: Countywide Threat Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment.............................. 4-24 Table 4-10: Countywide Hazard Risk Ranking ........................................................................... 4-25 Table 5-1:USDA Agricultural Disaster Designations in Monterey County (2012-2021) .............. 5-4 Table 5-2: Gross Production Value of Crops in Monterey County .............................................. 5-8 Table 5-3: Value of Agricultural Land in Monterey County ......................................................... 5-9 Table 5-4: Prime Farmland Exposed to Wildfire Risk by Fire Hazard Severity Zone ................. 5-10 Table 5-5: Farmland of Statewide Importance Exposed to Wildfire Risk.................................. 5-10 Table 5-6: Unique Farmland Exposed to Wildfire Risk by Fire Hazard Severity Zone ............... 5-10 Table 5-7: Grazing Land Exposed to Wildfire Risk by Fire Hazard Severity Zone ...................... 5-11 Table 5-8: Prime Farmland Exposed to Flood Hazard Risk ........................................................ 5-11 Table 5-9: Farmland of Statewide Importance Exposed to Flood Hazard Risk ......................... 5-11 Table 5-10: Unique Farmland Exposed to Flood Hazard Risk.................................................... 5-12 Table 5-11: Grazing Land Exposed to Flood Hazard Risk........................................................... 5-12 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xvi
Table 6-1: Estimated Historic Average Erosion Rates in Southern Monterey Bay ...................... 6-4 Table 6-2: Population Exposed to Coastal Cliff Erosion in Monterey County ............................. 6-7 Table 6-3: Population Exposed to Shoreline Erosion Risk in Monterey County.......................... 6-7 Table 6-4: Residential Property Exposed to Coastal Cliff Erosion Risk ........................................ 6-8 Table 6-5: Residential Property Exposed to Shoreline Erosion Risk............................................ 6-8 Table 6-6: Non-Residential Property Exposed to Coastal Cliff Erosion Risk ................................ 6-8 Table 6-7: Non-Residential Property Exposed to Shoreline Erosion Risk.................................... 6-9 Table 6-8: Transportation Infrastructure Exposed to Cliff and Shoreline Erosion Risk............... 6-9 Table 7-1: Dams in or Owned by Monterey County .................................................................... 7-5 Table 7-2: Miles of Levee in Monterey County by Waterbody.................................................... 7-7 Table 7-3: US Army Corps of Engineers Dam Hazard Potential Classification........................... 7-14 Table 7-4: Population Exposed to Dam Failure- Nacimiento Dam............................................ 7-16 Table 7-5: Population Exposed to Dam Failure- San Antonio Dam........................................... 7-17 Table 7-6: Population Exposed to Dam Failure- Forest Lake Dam ............................................ 7-17 Table 7-7: Population Exposed to Levee Failure by Waterbody................................................ 7-18 Table 7-8: Residential Property Exposed to Dam Failure- Nacimiento Dam............................. 7-18 Table 7-9: Non-Residential Property Exposed to Dam Failure- Nacimiento Dam..................... 7-19 Table 7-10: Residential Property Exposed to Dam Failure- San Antonio Dam.......................... 7-19 Table 7-11: Non-Residential Property Exposed to Dam Failure- San Antonio .......................... 7-19 Table 7-12: Residential Property Exposed to Dam Failure- Forest Lake Dam........................... 7-20 Table 7-13: Non-Residential Property Exposed to Dam Failure- Forest Lake Dam................... 7-20 Table 7-14: Property Exposed to Levee Failure by Waterbody ................................................. 7-20 Table 7-15: Critical Infrastructure Exposed to Dam Failure Risk ............................................... 7-21 Table 8-1: Drought Impacts by USDM Drought Category in California ....................................... 8-3 Table 8-2: State Drought Management Program........................................................................ 8-4 Table 8-3: USDA Agricultural Disaster Designations in Monterey County (2012-2021) ............. 8-7 Table 9-1: Earthquake Magnitude Classes (Moment Magnitude Scale) ..................................... 9-4 Table 9-2: Modified Mercalli Intensity Level Descriptions.......................................................... 9-5 Table 9-3: Modified Mercalli Scale and Peak Ground Acceleration ............................................ 9-6 Table 9-4: NEHRP Soil Classification System................................................................................ 9-7 Table 9-5: Monterey County Earthquakes, Magnitude 6.0+ (1838-Present).............................. 9-8 Table 9-6: Population Exposed to Areas Susceptible to Liquefaction ....................................... 9-17 Table 9-7: Residential Property Exposed to Areas Susceptible to Liquefaction........................ 9-18 Table 9-8: Non-Residential Property Exposed to Areas Susceptible to Liquefaction................ 9-18 Table 9-9: Critical Infrastructure in High Liquefaction Susceptibility Areas.............................. 9-20 Table 10-1: NFIP Coverage......................................................................................................... 10-3 Table 10-2: FEMA Flood Zones .................................................................................................. 10-4 Table 10-3: Community Ratings System (CRS) Participation..................................................... 10-5 Table 10-4: NFIP Loss Statistics for Monterey County............................................................. 10-15 Table 10-5: Residential Property Exposed to Flood Risk by Flood Zone ................................. 10-18 Table 10-6: Non-Residential Property Exposed to Flood Risk by Flood Zone ......................... 10-18 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xvii
Table 10-7: Critical Infrastructure in the 100-Year Floodplain ................................................ 10-19 Table 11-1: Hazardous Materials Spills by Spill Site and Substance Spilled (2016-2021) ......... 11-4 Table 11-2: Hazardous Materials Spills by Cause of Spill (2016-2021)...................................... 11-4 Table 11-3: Population Exposed to Hazardous Materials Incident Risk .................................... 11-8 Table 11-4: Residential Property Exposed to Hazardous Materials Incident Risk..................... 11-9 Table 11-5: Non-Residential Property Exposed to Hazardous Materials Incident Risk............. 11-9 Table 11-6: Critical Infrastructure Exposed to Hazardous Materials Incident Risk ................. 11-10 Table 12-1: Event Profiles for Terrorism.................................................................................... 12-4 Table 13-1: Selected Communicable Disease Cases in Monterey County (2009-2019).......... 13-12 Table 13-2: Severe Influenza Cases (Age 64 and Younger) By Flu Season............................... 13-12 Table 13-3: COVID-19 Cases Among County Residents by Age Group.................................... 13-15 Table 13-4: Severe COVID-19 Cases Among Residents by Age Group .................................... 13-16 Table 13-5: COVID-19 Fatalities Among Residents by Age Group........................................... 13-17 Table 14-1: Severe Winter Storms and Extreme Freeze Events (2010-2020) ........................... 14-6 Table 14-2: Annualized Frequency of Severe Weather Events in Monterey County.............. 14-12 Table 14-3: NWS Experimental HeatRisk Forecast Risk Levels................................................ 14-13 Table 14-4: Population Exposed to Severe Weather Hazards in Monterey County ............... 14-15 Table 14-5: Exposed and Expected Annual Loss of Building Value to Severe Weather.......... 14-15 Table 15-1: Historic Large Landslides Along Highway 1 on the Big Sur Coast........................... 15-5 Table 15-2: Population Exposed to Earthquake Induced Landslide Risk................................. 15-12 Table 15-3: Residential Property Exposed to Earthquake Induced Landslide Risk.................. 15-13 Table 15-4: Non-Residential Property Exposed to Earthquake Induced Landslide Risk ......... 15-13 Table 15-5: Critical Infrastructure Exposed to Earthquake Induced Landslide Risk................ 15-14 Table 16-1: Historic Monterey County Tsunami Events............................................................ 16-4 Table 16-2: Tsunami Source Scenario Model Results- North County........................................ 16-5 Table 16-3: Tsunami Source Scenario Model Results- Monterey.............................................. 16-6 Table 16-4: Tsunami Source Scenario Model Results- South County........................................ 16-6 Table 16-5: Population in Tsunami Inundation Zone .............................................................. 16-10 Table 16-6: Residential Property in Tsunami Inundation Zone ............................................... 16-11 Table 16-7: Non-Residential Property in Tsunami Inundation Zone ....................................... 16-11 Table 16-8: Critical Infrastructure in Tsunami Inundation Zone in Monterey County ............ 16-12 Table 17-1: FEMA Standard Values for Loss of Services for Utilities and Roads/Bridges ......... 17-9 Table 18-1: Fire Protection Districts in Monterey County......................................................... 18-4 Table 18-2: Large Historical Wildfires in Monterey County (1977-2020)................................ 18-11 Table 18-3: Residential Property Exposed to Wildfire Risk by Fire Hazard Threat Zone......... 18-21 Table 18-4: Non-Residential Property Exposed to Wildfire Risk by Fire Hazard Threat Zone. 18-21 Table 18-5: Critical Infrastructure Exposed to Wildfire Risk by Fire Hazard Threat Zone....... 18-22 Table 19-1: Predicted Change in Annual Average Temperatures in Monterey County ............ 19-7 Table 19-2: Monterey Tide Gauge Projected Sea Level Rise (in Feet)..................................... 19-13 Table 19-3: Population and Property Exposed to Sea Level Rise Risk in District 2.................. 19-15 Table 19-4: Population and Property Exposed to Sea Level Rise Risk in District 4.................. 19-15 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xviii
Table 19-5: Population and Property Exposed to Sea Level Rise Risk in District 5.................. 19-15 Table 19-6: Critical Infrastructure Exposed to Sea Level Rise Risk .......................................... 19-16 Table 19-7: Population and Property Exposed to Coastal Erosion Risk................................... 19-20 Table 20-1: Countywide Safe Growth Survey Results ............................................................. 20-18 Table 20-2: NFIP Participation ................................................................................................. 20-20 Table 20-3: Capability Assessment Survey- Documents and Resources Assessed.................. 20-22 Table 20-4: Jurisdictions Participating in Various Community Mitigation Programs.............. 20-23 Table 20-5: Participating Jurisdictions Self-Assessment of Capability Ratings........................ 20-24 Table 21-1: High and Substantial Hazards from Countywide Risk Prioritization....................... 21-6 Table 21-2: Countywide Mitigation Action Plan...................................................................... 21-10 Figure 2-1: Survey Responses to Date ....................................................................................... 2-10 Figure 2-2: Heat Map of Public Survey Respondents................................................................ 2-11 Figure 3-1: Map of Monterey County.......................................................................................... 3-2 Figure 3-2: Monterey County Demographics .............................................................................. 3-9 Figure 3-3: Monterey County Labor Force Breakdown, By Industry......................................... 3-14 Figure 3-4: Inflow/ Outflow Job Counts in 2018 for Monterey County..................................... 3-15 Figure 3-5: Overall Social Vulnerability Index in Monterey County .......................................... 3-17 Figure 3-6: CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Socioeconomic Status........................................... 3-18 Figure 3-7: CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Household Composition and Disability................. 3-19 Figure 3-8: CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Minority Status and Language .............................. 3-21 Figure 3-9: CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Housing and Transportation ................................. 3-22 Figure 4-1: Historical Declared Hazard Events by Hazard Type (1990-2021)............................ 4-10 Figure 4-2: 2010 Monterey County Supervisorial Districts........................................................ 4-13 Figure 4-3: Risk Ranking Score Matrix by Variable .................................................................... 4-22 Figure 5-1: Important Farmland in Monterey County................................................................. 5-6 Figure 7-1: Nacimiento Dam Failure Inundation Zone .............................................................. 7-10 Figure 7-2: San Antonio Dam Failure Inundation Zone ............................................................. 7-11 Figure 7-3: Los Padres and Forest Lake Dam Failure Inundation Zones.................................... 7-12 Figure 7-4: Levees in Monterey County..................................................................................... 7-13 Figure 8-1: US Drought Monitor, Drought Conditions as of August 17, 2021............................. 8-6 Figure 8-2: Monterey County Percentage Area Drought Conditions.......................................... 8-9 Figure 9-1: Known Faults in Monterey County by Age................................................................ 9-3 Figure 9-2: Known Faults in Monterey County by Slip Rate ...................................................... 9-10 Figure 9-3: NEHRP Soil Classes in Monterey County ................................................................. 9-11 Figure 9-4: Earthquake Shaking Potential ................................................................................. 9-13 Figure 9-5: Liquefaction Susceptibility in Monterey County ..................................................... 9-14 Figure 9-6: ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning Basics.......................................................... 9-15 Figure 10-1: Watersheds in Monterey County .......................................................................... 10-7 Figure 10-2: FEMA Flood Zones............................................................................................... 10-13 Figure 10-3: DWR Flood Awareness Zones.............................................................................. 10-14 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xix
Figure 10-4:Population Exposed to Flood Risk ........................................................................ 10-17 Figure 12-1: Monterey County Attractions Visited.................................................................. 12-13 Figure 12-2: Monterey County Areas Visited .......................................................................... 12-13 Figure 13-1: COVID-19 Cases Among Monterey County Residents by Date ........................... 13-15 Figure 13-2: COVID-19 Cases Among Monterey County Residents by Region of Residence.. 13-16 Figure 14-1: National Weather Service Heat Index ................................................................... 14-5 Figure 14-2: 30-Year Average Annual Precipitation in Monterey County................................. 14-8 Figure 14-3: 30-Year Average Minimum Temperatures in Monterey County .......................... 14-9 Figure 14-4: Land-Based Wind Speed (Meters/Second).......................................................... 14-10 Figure 14-5: 30-Year Average Maximum Temperatures in Monterey County........................ 14-11 Figure 15-1: Deep-Seated Landsilde Susceptibility in Monterey County .................................. 15-8 Figure 15-2: Earthquake Induced Landslide Susceptibility........................................................ 15-9 Figure 16-1: Tsunami Hazard Areas in Monterey County.......................................................... 16-8 Figure 17-1: NOAA Space Weather Scales................................................................................. 17-5 Figure 18-1: Fire Protection Responsibility Areas in Monterey County .................................... 18-3 Figure 18-2: Fire Protection Districts in Monterey County........................................................ 18-7 Figure 18-3: Historical Wildfires in Monterey County (1911-2020) ........................................ 18-10 Figure 18-4: Causes of Wildfires in Monterey County (2000-2020)........................................ 18-12 Figure 18-5: Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Monterey County................................................. 18-13 Figure 18-6: Fire Frequency in Monterey County.................................................................... 18-15 Figure 18-7: Wildland Fire Threat............................................................................................ 18-19 Figure 18-8: Population Exposed to Wildfire Risk ................................................................... 18-20 Figure 19-1: Projected Increase in Average Temperature in Monterey County ....................... 19-7 Figure 19-2: Projected Increase in Extreme Heat Days in Monterey County............................ 19-8 Figure 19-3: Sea Level Rise Risk ............................................................................................... 19-14 Figure 19-4: 1.6 Feet Sea Level Rise in Moss Landing with Various Storm Scenarios............. 19-16 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xx

JURISDICTIONAL ANNEXES
While this Volume, Volume 1, address the entire geographic area of Monterey County and all participating jurisdictions holistically, Volume 2 of the Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan contains the Jurisdictional Annexes for each participating jurisdiction.

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AB Assembly Bill
AMBAG Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments
APG Adaptation Planning Guide
APN Assessor Parcel Numbers
BFE Base Flood Elevation
BRIC Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities
CAL FIRE California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Cal OES California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services Cal-Am Water California-American Water Company
CalARP California Accidental Release Prevention Program Caltrans California Department of Transportation
CAWD Carmel Area Wastewater District
CCR California Code of Regulations
CDAA California Disaster Assistance Act
CDBG Community Development Block Grant
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
CDPH California Department of Public Health
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CERV Community Emergency Response Volunteers
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CGS California Geological Survey
CHP California Highway Patrol
CIP Capital Improvement Plan
CoSMoS USGS Coastal Storm Modeling System
County Monterey County
COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019
CRS Community Rating System
CSUMB California State University, Monterey Bay
DFIRM Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map
DHS Department of Homeland Security
DMA Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
DSOD California Division of Safety of Dams
DTSC Department of Toxic Substances Control
DWR California Department of Water Resources
EEW Earthquake Early Warning
EOP Emergency Operations Plan
EPA US Environmental Protection Agency
COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xxii

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ESA Endangered Species Act
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FHSZ Fire Hazard Severity Zones
FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map
FIS Flood Insurance Study
FMA Flood Mitigation Assistance Program
FMAG Fire Management Assistance Grant
FMMP Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program
FPD Fire Protection District
FRA Federal Responsibility Area
FRAP Fire and Resource Assessment Program
GIS Geographic Information System
HHPD High Hazard Potential Dams
HMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance
HMGP Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
IBC International Building Code
JPA Joint Powers Authority
LHMP Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
LRA Local Responsibility Area
M1W Monterey One Water
MBARI Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
MBNMS Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
MCI Multiple Casualty Incident
MCOE Monterey County Office of Education
MCWRA Monterey County Water Resources Agency
MHHW Mean Higher High Water
MJHMP Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
MM Modified Mercalli Scale
MPRPD Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District
MPWMD Monterey Peninsula Water Management District
MRWMD Monterey Regional Waste Management District
MST Monterey-Salinas Transit
NCRIC Northern California Regional Intelligence Center
NEHRP National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
NEPA National Environmental Policy Act
NFIP National Flood Insurance Program
NIMS National Incident Management System
COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xxiii

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NPS National Park Service
NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service
NTWC National Tsunami Warning Center
NWS National Weather Service
OES Monterey County Office of Emergency Services
OPC Ocean Protection Council
OPR Governor's Office of Planning and Research
PBCSD Pebble Beach Community Services District
PG&E Pacific Gas and Electric
PGA Peak Ground Acceleration
PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration PSPS Public Safety Power Shut-off
RCDMC Resources Conservation District of Monterey County RCP Representative Concentration Pathways
RL Repetitive Loss
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Boards
SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SB Senate Bill
SBA Small Business Administration
SFHA Special Flood Hazard Area
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
SHMP State Hazard Mitigation Plan
SRA State Responsibility Area
Stafford Act Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act Steering Committee Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee UBC Uniform Building Code
URM Unreinforced Masonry
USACE US Army Corps of Engineers
USDA US Department of Agriculture
USFS US Forest Service
USGS US Geological Survey
WHO World Health Organization
WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction
WUI Wildland Urban Interface

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COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xxv

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

HAZARD MITIGATION OVERVIEW
Monterey County is vulnerable to a wide range of natural and manmade hazards. These hazards can threaten the life and safety of residents and visitors and have the potential to damage or destroy both public and private property and disrupt the local economy and overall quality of life. While the threats from hazard events may never be fully eliminated, there is much we can do to lessen their potential impact on our communities. By minimizing the damaging impacts of hazards upon our built environment, we can prevent such events from resulting in disasters.

The concept and practice of reducing risks to people and property from known hazards is called hazard mitigation.

Hazard mitigation is the use of long-term and short-term policies, programs, projects, and other activities to alleviate the death, injury, and property damage that can result from a disaster.

Monterey County and a partnership of local governments within the County have developed a hazard mitigation plan to reduce risks from natural disasters in the Monterey County Operational Area—defined as the unincorporated county and incorporated jurisdictions within the geographical boundaries of the County. The plan complies with federal and state hazard mitigation planning requirements to establish eligibility for funding under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) grant programs.

UPDATING THE MONTEREY COUNTY PLAN
This plan is a comprehensive update of the 2016 Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, which covered the unincorporated county, 12 municipalities and 2 special purpose districts. FEMA approved the 2016 plan on March 7, 2016, and it expired on March 7, 2021, the current update meets federal requirements for updating hazard mitigation plans on a five-year cycle. It represents the third iteration of the Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, which was initially adopted in 2007.

This Plan was prepared in coordination with
FEMA and the California Office of Emergency
Services (Cal OES) to ensure that it meets all
applicable federal and state requirements.

This includes conformance with FEMA’s
latest Local Mitigation Planning Handbook
(released March 2013) and Local Mitigation
Plan Review Guide (released October 2011).

COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xxvi

GUIDING PRINCIPLE
The following guiding principle was created and agreed upon by the participants to represent the overall intended outcome of the Plan:

Reduce the risk to life and property in Monterey County in an efficient and effective manner by decreasing the long-term vulnerability from hazards through coordinated planning, partnerships, capacity building, and implementation of effective risk reduction measures.

SCOPE AND AUTHORITY
The Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan geographically covers the entire area of Monterey County and has multiple participating jurisdictions. This includes Monterey County, 12 incorporated municipalities, and 5 special districts, hereinafter referred to as “participating jurisdictions.”
• Unincorporated Monterey County
• Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA) (Included with unincorporated Monterey County)
• City of Carmel-by-the-Sea
• City of Del Rey Oaks
• City of Gonzales
• City of Greenfield
• City of King
• City of Marina
• City of Monterey
• City of Pacific Grove
• City of Salinas
• City of Sand City
• City of Seaside
• City of Soledad
• Carmel Area Wastewater District (CAWD)
• Monterey Regional Waste Management District (MRWMD)
• Monterey One Water (M1W)
• Moss Landing Harbor District
Representatives from each participating jurisdiction formed a core planning team, referred to as the Steering Committee, in order to drive the development of the plan update. The Steering Committee was at the core of the MJHMP planning process and was integral to ensuring its success, its implementation, and its future maintenance. The Plan addresses those hazards determined to be of primary or secondary concern to each jurisdiction, as documented in the risk assessment portion of this Plan. Other hazards that pose a low risk or are otherwise COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xxvii
omitted from this Plan will continue to be evaluated during future plan updates, but they may not be fully addressed until they are determined to be of primary or secondary concern to Monterey County. Individual entities are still able to, and are encouraged to, continue to address, and plan for those other hazards as may be appropriate within their jurisdictions.

This Plan must be adopted by all participating jurisdictions in accordance with the authority and police powers granted to local governments under Article 11 of the California Constitution. This Plan was developed in accordance with current federal rules and regulations governing local hazard mitigation plans. The Plan shall be monitored and updated on a routine basis to maintain compliance with the following legislation: Section 322, Mitigation Planning, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as enacted by Section 104 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390) and by FEMA's Interim Final Rule published in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002, at 44 CFR Part 201.

PLAN STRUCTURE
This plan has been set up in two volumes so that elements that are jurisdiction-specific can easily be distinguished from those that apply to the whole County.

Volume 1 includes the federally required elements of a hazard mitigation plan for all participating jurisdictions. This includes the description of the planning process, public involvement strategy, hazard risk assessments, countywide mitigation actions, and a plan maintenance strategy. Since this is a multi-jurisdictional plan, Volume 1 addresses the entirety of Monterey County, which includes all participating jurisdictions and the entire geographic boundary of the County.

Volume 2 contains the Jurisdictional Annexes, which detail the hazard mitigation planning elements specific to each participating jurisdiction in the Monterey County MJHMP Update and includes all federally required jurisdiction-specific elements for each participating jurisdiction.

Each annex is not intended to be a standalone document, but annexes to, supplements, and incorporates by reference the information contained in Volume 1 of the Plan. As such, all information in Volume 1, including the planning process and other procedural requirements and planning elements apply to and were met by each participating jurisdiction. The Annexes provide additional information specific to each participating jurisdiction, with a focus on providing additional details on the risk assessment and mitigation strategy.

All participating jurisdictions will adopt Volume 1 in its entirety and their own jurisdictionspecific annex in Volume 2.

RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk assessment is the process of measuring the potential loss of life resulting from natural hazards, as well as personal injury, economic injury, and property damage, in order to COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xxviii
determine the vulnerability of people, buildings, infrastructure, and the environment to natural hazards. For this update, risk assessment models were enhanced with new data and technologies that have become available since 2016. The Steering Committee used the risk assessment to rank risk and to gauge the potential impacts of each hazard of concern in the Operational Area. The risk assessment included the following:
• Hazard identification and profiling
• Assessment of the impacts on physical, social, environmental, and economic assets • Identification of particular areas of vulnerability
• Estimates of the cost of potential damage.

Based on the risk assessment, hazards were ranked for the risk they pose to the overall Operational Area.

Ranking Hazard Degree of Risk
1 Drought & Water Shortage High
2 Earthquake Substantial
3 Pandemic Substantial
4 Wildfire Substantial
5 Epidemic Substantial
6 Cyber-Attack Substantial
7 Utility Interruption/ PSPS Substantial
8 Localized Stormwater Flooding Substantial
9 Severe Winter Storms Substantial
10 Water Contamination Moderate
11 Windstorms Moderate
12 Hazardous Materials Incident Moderate
13 Agricultural Emergencies Moderate
14 Riverine Flooding Moderate
15 Sea Level Rise Moderate
16 Slope Failure Moderate
17 Flash Flood Moderate
18 Extreme Heat Moderate
19 Coastal Flooding Moderate
20 Coastal Erosion Moderate
21 Targeted Violence Possible
22 Invasive Species Possible
23 Terrorism Possible
24 Dam Failure Possible
25 Extreme Cold & Freeze Possible
26 Mass Migration Possible
27 Tsunami Possible
28 Levee Failure Possible
COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xxix

MITIGATION GOALS
The Steering Committee reviewed and updated the goals from the 2016 Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan and confirmed a set of goals. The Steering Committee and planning partners established the following goals for the plan update:

Goal #1 Minimize risk and vulnerability of Monterey County to hazards and protect lives and prevent losses to property, public health, economy, and the environment.

Goal #2
Increase the resilience of infrastructure and critical facilities and reduce long-term vulnerabilities of existing and future critical facilities, property, infrastructure, and high hazard potential dams due to natural hazards.

Goal #3 Build and support capacity to enable local government and the public to prepare for, respond to, and recover from the impact of natural hazards.

Goal #4 Encourage the development and implementation of long-term, cost-effective, and environmentally sound mitigation projects.

Goal #5 Promote and implement hazard mitigation policies and projects that are consistent with state, regional, and local climate action, and adaptation goals.

Goal #6 Inform the public on the risk from hazards of concern and increase awareness, preparation, mitigation, response, and recovery activities to promote public safety.

Goal #7
Enhance codes and their enforcement where feasible, so that new construction can withstand the impacts of known hazards and to lessen the impact of development on the environment’s ability to absorb the impact of natural hazards.

Goal #8 Consider the impacts of known hazards in all planning mechanisms that address current and future land uses within the County.

Goal #9 Establish a partnership among all levels of government and the business community to improve and implement methods to protect property.

Goal #10 Encourage hazard mitigation measures that promote and enhance natural processes and minimize adverse impacts on the ecosystem.

HAZARD PROBLEM STATEMENTS
As part of the planning process, the Steering Committee and planning partners identified key vulnerabilities and hazards of concerns applicable to the entire County. Hazard Problem Statements helped the Steering Committee identify common issues and weaknesses, determine appropriate mitigation strategies, and understand the realm of resources needed for mitigation. The update process resulted in the identification of unique hazard problem statements by individual planning partners, as presented in Volume 2 of this plan.

In addition, the Steering Committee and planning partners identified countywide problem statements. The Countywide Hazard Problem Statements were based on the risk assessments, COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xxx
the risk prioritization process, the vulnerability analysis, and local knowledge, as well as the jurisdiction specific problem statements and community and stakeholder input.

Countywide Hazard Problem Statements are identified below:

Drought & Water Shortage
In Monterey County, water supply is extremely limited during non-drought years. As such, droughts are a serious threat in the County and could have devastating impacts on the agricultural industry, a major economic driver and job provider. Additionally, prolonged periods of drought can reduce water available for residential users and increase water prices.

Governing authorities have been established to limit water use and protect water supply.

Procurement of water credits/rights may limit new development necessary to meet increasing housing demands. Periods of drought also lead to increased pumping of groundwater wells, which can exacerbate sea water intrusion into the aquifer, increase land subsidence risks, and effect water quality. Contamination of drinking water, though unlikely, could be catastrophic.

Drought conditions are likely to increase in future climate change scenarios.

Earthquake
Monterey County has several fault systems, including three major active faults: The San Andreas Fault, the Palo Colorado-San Gregorio Fault, and the Monterey Bay-Tularcitos Fault.

Due to the location of population centers and building history in the County, any large earthquake will likely have significant impacts on people, property, and critical infrastructure including water systems, telecommunications infrastructure, roads, bridges, healthcare systems, and utilities. Damages and debris could isolate large populations from these critical lifelines. Older unreinforced-masonry structures in the County are particularly vulnerable to earthquake risk. An earthquake can also produce cascading impacts due to urban conflagration, wildfires, seiches, landslides, tsunamis, dam failure, and levee failure.

Pandemic/ Epidemic
The whole population of Monterey County is vulnerable to disease. The impacts of the COVID19 Pandemic on the County have demonstrated the catastrophic risks that can be associated with large-scale disease outbreaks. Critical healthcare systems can become overwhelmed, limiting access to life-saving medical services. Continuity of government due to impacted workforces can result in limitations to essential government services. Disease outbreaks can place a disproportionate burden on the County’s most vulnerable populations. Additionally, due to the large number of transient populations, such as tourists and migrant farmworkers, eradication of any new disease outbreak can be difficult without significant impacts to industry and the local economy.

Wildfire
California, and subsequently Monterey County, is in cycle of extreme heat, drought, and fire, all amplified by climate change. Wildfires are a natural part of the California environment; however, fire behavior has increased in frequency, size, and impact from longer wildfire COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xxxi
“seasons.” Deferred vegetation management and population sprawl in the wildland urban interface and intermix, have increased probability and impact of wildfires. Sudden oak death and invasive species have created unhealthy forests. Large wildfires, such as the 2020 Wildfires in Monterey County, can cause housing inventories to become significantly limited thus increasing the demand on the housing market; additionally, many property owners have been unable to obtain or retain fire insurance at an affordable price or at all. Pre-existing water supply challenges in the County can lead to limited water available for fire suppression.

Cyber-Attack
Nearly every aspect of life in Monterey County is dependent on systems and resources connected and managed through computer systems. Cyber-attacks can have catastrophic impacts on the ability of government, public and private entities to access banking, electricity, water, telecommunications, transportation, and other information systems necessary for survival. Due to the tightly coupled nature of technological system and critical lifelines, any failure of service continuity could cost lives.

Utility Interruption/ PSPS
Heat-related equipment failures and electrical infrastructure igniting wildfires has resulted in unintentional and intentional rolling blackouts and power shutoffs throughout the County.

Public Safety/ Utility Initiated Power Shut Offs to prevent wildfire ignition can have notably significant impacts due to the length of disruption time, limited efficacy of the strategy, and the effect on first responder capabilities. Extreme and prolonged heatwaves across the state increase the demand for use of the aging electrical grid, significantly depleting electricity reserves resulting in blackouts. Heatwaves are expected to increase in intensity and magnitude due to climate change, which will likely exacerbate this problem. Traditional energy sources increase climate change risk and are failing more consistently, but energy alternative technology cannot meet current nighttime demand.

Additionally, Monterey County has limited microgrids and reliance on the macro-grid makes the County vulnerable to rolling and prolonged power outages. Over the last decade Monterey County residents have begun adjusting to the increasing unreliability of macro utilities. Loss of power for more than a few hours can result in large economic losses, specifically related to food and agriculture. More vulnerable populations in isolated areas or who rely on medical devices are at increased risk during prolonged power outages.

Localized Stormwater Flooding
Localized flooding has the potential to significantly impact people, property, and critical infrastructure in the County. Undersized and aging drainage infrastructure, deferred maintenance, increased run-off due to drought conditions, the built environment, and trends in precipitation and weather can all increase the risk of localized stormwater flooding. Climate change is likely to exacerbate the intensity and magnitude of precipitation events, increasing the risk associated with localized stormwater flooding causing drainage infrastructure to be undersized in increasingly more common events.

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Additionally, unhoused residents living in stormwater drainage areas can lead to increasing flood risk due to accumulated debris and trash, which can complicate both flood response and mitigation activities.

Severe Winter Storms
Severe winter storms have been increasing in intensity, magnitude, and severity in Monterey County and are associated with a variety of hazards in this Plan. Severe winter storms and heavy rain can have significant impacts including flash flooding, localized stormwater flooding, mudslides, and landslides. Secondary hazards can cause immobility and loss of utilities. Roads may become impassable due to flooding, downed trees, or landslides. Power lines may be downed due to high winds, and services such as water or telecommunications infrastructure may not be able to operate without power.

Stormwater runoff from heavy rains can also impair water quality by washing pollutants into water bodies. Severe winter storms can also cause large storm surge and wave action along the coastline, flooding low lying areas and causing dramatic erosion. Coastal bluff and cliff failure due to erosion can create hazardous conditions due to roadway collapse, undermined home foundations and damage to utilities. Additionally, future sea level rise scenarios are likely to exacerbate coastal and inland flood risks during winter storms.

Road Infrastructure
The occurrence of any hazard profiled in this Plan in combination with aging and limited road infrastructure can result in limited egress of evacuees and minimal ingress of first responders.

Roadways can be compromised in severe weather incidents, further limiting road capacity.

Road infrastructure is not developing at a rate commensurate with the rate that population and housing is expanding. Further, the topography of the County limits where new roads can be built.

MITIGATION ACTION PLAN
The Steering Committee and planning partners selected a range of appropriate mitigation actions to work towards achieving the goals set forth in this plan update, in addition to reducing risks identified in the problem statements. Mitigation actions presented in this update are activities designed to reduce or eliminate losses resulting from hazards. The update process resulted in the identification of mitigation actions for implementation by individual planning partners, as presented in Volume 2 of this plan.

The Steering Committee reviewed the catalogs of hazard mitigation alternatives and selected area-wide actions to be included in a hazard mitigation action plan. The selection of area-wide actions was based on the risk assessment of identified hazards of concern and the defined hazard mitigation goals and objectives. The countywide hazard mitigation action plan was designed to benefit the whole partnership. The countywide Hazard Mitigation Action Plan includes the following mitigation actions:

COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xxxiii
Hazard Mitigation Action
Drought Provide public information on water conservation and assess the potential for community-wide water conservation programs.

Earthquake
Provide information on earthquake risk and preparedness to the public. Continue to adopt and implement current earthquake building standards and upgrade, remove, or replace unreinforced masonry buildings, as feasible.

Pandemic/ Epidemic
Provide unified information to the public regarding personal protective measures and mitigating strategies in accordance with CDC guidelines. Implement public health measures in government facilities.

Wildfire
Continue to collaborate across the operational area with all jurisdictions with fire protection and suppression responsibility on wildfire mitigation efforts.

Cyber-Attack
Seek to increase redundancy in IT infrastructure, implement protective cyber-security measures, and train staff on common cyber-attack methods.

Utility Interruption
Encourage the development of and use of microgrids and the hardening of utility of infrastructure, where possible. Provide backup generators for critical infrastructure and facilities.

Localized Stormwater
Flooding
Maintain good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program and encourage coordination on drainage system maintenance.

Severe Winter Storms Maintain StormReady and TsunamiReady certification, as applicable.

Climate Change Support, encourage, and implement, when feasible, countywide climate action, adaptation, and resiliency initiatives.

All Hazards
Incorporate and make consistent other planning documents with appropriate goals, policies, and objectives to address hazards identified within the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan.

IMPLEMENTATION
The Steering Committee developed a plan implementation and maintenance strategy that includes annual progress reporting, a strategy for continued public involvement, a commitment to plan integration with other relevant plans and programs, and a commitment to actively maintain the plan over the performance period. Full implementation of the recommendations of this plan will require time and resources. The measure of the plan’s success will be its ability to adapt to changing conditions. The planning partners will assume responsibility for adopting the recommendations of this plan and committing resources toward implementation. The framework established by this plan commits all planning partners to pursue actions when the benefits of a project exceed its costs. The planning partnership developed this plan with extensive public input and support to help ensure the plan’s success.

COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | xxxiv

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PART | A
A
PART A: PLANNING AND

COMMUNITY PROFILE

THIS PART PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD

MITIGATION PLAN, THE PLANNING PROCESS, AND COMMUNITY OF MONTEREY COUNTY. IT CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS:

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PLANNING PROFILE

3. COMMUNITY PROFILE
COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PART | A

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COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 1-1 INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION
Disasters can cause loss of life, damage buildings and infrastructure, and have devastating consequences for a community’s economic, social, and environmental well-being. Nationwide, federal, state, and local governments spend billions of dollars annually to help communities, organizations, businesses, and individuals recover from disasters. This only partially reflects the true cost of disasters because additional expenses are incurred by insurance companies, nongovernmental organizations, non-profits, and individuals, which are not reimbursed by tax dollars. Many natural disasters are predictable, and much of the damage caused by these events can be reduced or even eliminated.

Hazard mitigation reduces disaster losses and damages. The term “hazard mitigation” is defined as sustained action or strategy taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property from hazards. After disasters, repairs and reconstruction often are completed in such a way as to simply restore damaged property to pre-disaster conditions. These efforts may return property and infrastructure to “the norm,” but the replication of pre-disaster conditions may result in a repetitive cycle of damage and reconstruction. Hazard mitigation planning can break this repetitive cycle by reducing vulnerability to hazards through smart construction and proper planning of future development and critical infrastructure.

Mitigation activities can be developed, planned, and implemented before or after a disaster occurs. Hazard mitigation activities involve long- and short-term actions and include planning efforts, policy changes, programs, studies, improvement projects, and other steps to reduce the impacts of hazards. Implementing fuel reduction around buildings within high wildfire risk areas, outreach programs that increase risk awareness, projects to protect critical facilities, and COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 1-2 INTRODUCTION
the removal of structures from flood hazard areas are all examples of mitigation actions. Local mitigation actions and concepts can also be incorporated into land use plans and building codes. Proactive mitigation policies and actions help reduce risk and create safer, more disaster resilient communities. Mitigation is an investment in the future safety and sustainability of Monterey County.

Monterey County and participating jurisdictions have prepared this update to the Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP), which was originally approved by the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in 2007 and updated in 2016. The plan in its current form reflects a comprehensive update in 2021. The purpose of this plan is to guide hazard mitigation planning in Monterey County in order to better protect the people and property from the effects of hazard events.

This plan demonstrates the commitment of each participating jurisdiction to reducing risks from hazards through mitigation and serves as a tool to direct resources to achieve optimum results with available administrative, technical, and financial resources. The plan will help guide and coordinate mitigation activities throughout Monterey County. This plan was also developed to ensure Monterey County and participating jurisdictions’ continued eligibility for certain federal disaster assistance, specifically the FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) grants, including the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC), and Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA).

1.1 HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING
Mitigation is most effective when it is based on a comprehensive, long-term plan that is developed before a disaster occurs. The purpose of mitigation planning is to identify policies and actions that can be implemented over the long term to reduce risk and future losses from hazards. The hazard mitigation plan provides an assessment of hazards, vulnerabilities, and risks prevalent in Monterey County and how those hazards may affect participating jurisdictions differently based upon proximities to hazards.

Mitigation actions are identified based on that risk assessment and the participation of a wide range of stakeholders and the public in the planning process. The mitigation strategy presented in this plan responds to the identified vulnerabilities within each community and provides actions to achieve the greatest risk reduction based upon available resources.

1.1.1 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
For many years, federal disaster funding focused on relief and recovery after disasters occurred, with limited funding for hazard mitigation planning. The purpose of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Public Law 100-707), as amended by the Disaster COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 1-3 INTRODUCTION
Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390), is to reduce the loss of life and property, human suffering, economic disruption, and disaster assistance costs resulting from natural disasters.

The Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA 2000) shifted the federal emphasis toward planning for disasters before they occur and requires proactive pre-disaster planning as a condition of receiving certain federal financial assistance under the Stafford Act. Regulations developed to fulfill the Disaster Mitigation Act’s requirements are included in Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations (44 CFR). The Disaster Mitigation Act encourages state and local authorities to work together on pre-disaster planning and to assist local governments in accurately assessing mitigation needs, resulting in faster allocation of funding and more cost-effective risk reduction projects under FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Assistance program.

The Disaster Mitigation Act requires the plan be updated every five years to remain in compliance with federal mitigation grant conditions. Grant compliance is contingent on meeting the plan update requirements that are contained in 44 CFR. Jurisdictions that allow a plan to expire are not able to pursue funding under the Stafford Act for which a current hazard mitigation plan is a prerequisite.

Federal regulations require a plan for monitoring, evaluating, and updating hazard mitigation plans. The plan update process provides an opportunity to reevaluate recommendations, monitor the impacts of actions that have been accomplished, and determine if there is a need to change the focus of mitigation strategies over time.

1.1.2 BENEFITS OF MITIGATION PLANNING
All citizens and businesses of Monterey County are the ultimate beneficiaries of hazard mitigation planning. This Plan seeks to reduce risk for those who live in, work in, and visit the County and provides a viable planning framework for all foreseeable hazards that may impact the County. Benefits of mitigation planning include:
• Identifying actions for risk reduction that are agreed upon by stakeholders and the public.
• Focusing resources on the greatest risks and vulnerabilities. • Building partnerships by involving citizens, organizations, and businesses. • Increasing education and awareness of threats and hazards, as well as their risks. • Communicating priorities to State and Federal officials. • Aligning risk reduction with other community objectives.

1.2 PURPOSE OF PLANNING AND THE PLAN UPDATE
The Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan identifies resources, information, and strategies for reducing risk from hazards. Monterey County and the local jurisdictions that participated as planning partners initiated this planning effort for several key reasons. Monterey County has significant exposure to numerous hazards that have led to COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 1-4 INTRODUCTION
injuries and loss of life, in addition to millions of dollars in past damages. The planning partners want to be proactive in preparing for the probable impacts of hazards. Finally, limited local resources make it difficult to implement proactive risk-reduction measures. Federal and state financial assistance is paramount to successful hazard mitigation in the County. Elements and strategies in the MJHMP were selected because they best meet the needs of the planning partners and their citizens. The resources and background information in the plan are applicable countywide, and the Plan’s goals and recommendations can lay the groundwork for the development and implementation of local mitigation activities and partnerships.

As a DMA 2000 requirement, the plan must be updated every five years to remain in compliance with federal mitigation grant conditions. Monterey County first prepared a hazard mitigation plan in compliance with the Disaster Mitigation Act in 2007. The 2016 update to the Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan was prepared by Monterey County Office of Emergency Services (OES) and AECOM. This plan is the update to the previous iterations of the plan and was updated with funding support from a FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Planning Grant (DR-4382-PL0025).

1.2.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN UPDATE
The 2021 update to the Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan will help guide and coordinate mitigation activities and was developed to meet the following objectives:
• Meet or exceed the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act the and the 2015 California legislation requiring the incorporation of climate adaptation strategies into hazard mitigation planning (SB 379).
• Meet the needs of each planning partner as well as state and federal requirements. • Enable all planning partners to continue using federal grant funding to reduce risk through mitigation.
• Create a risk and vulnerability assessment that focuses on local hazards of concern. • Identify a comprehensive and integrated mitigation strategy for long term risk reduction. • Meet the planning requirements of FEMA’s Community Rating System (CRS) program, allowing planning partners that participate in the CRS program to maintain or enhance their classifications.
• Coordinate existing plans and programs so that high-priority projects to mitigate possible disaster impacts are funded and implemented.
• Create a single planning document that integrates all planning partners into a framework that supports partnerships within the County.

1.2.2 PARTICIPATING JURISDICTIONS
The County prepared this update in partnership with local municipalities and special districts.

One of the benefits multi-jurisdictional planning is the ability to pool resources and eliminate redundant activities within a planning area that has uniform risk exposure and vulnerabilities.

COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 1-5 INTRODUCTION
Any local government or non-profit agency with the ability to regulate building or infrastructure development or maintenance may participate in the planning process. However, to obtain FEMA approval, each of the local jurisdictions must meet all FEMA planning requirements outlined in 44 CFR Section 201.6.

The Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan geographically covers the entire area of Monterey County and has multiple participating jurisdictions. A planning partnership was formed to develop and steer the content in this plan. This partnership consists of participating jurisdictions and Monterey County stakeholders. Partners worked together to create the goals, objectives, mitigation strategies, and implementation methods to reduce risk.

The following municipal jurisdictions have elected to become annexes of this plan update:
• Unincorporated Monterey County (and Monterey County Water Resources Agency) • City of Carmel-by-the-Sea
• City of Del Rey Oaks
• City of Gonzales
• City of Greenfield
• City of King
• City of Marina
• City of Monterey
• City of Pacific Grove
• City of Salinas
• City of Sand City
• City of Seaside
• City of Soledad
Additionally, the following special districts have elected to become annexes of this plan update:
• Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA) (in unincorporated annex) • Carmel Area Wastewater District (CAWD)
• Monterey Regional Waste Management District (MRWMD)
• Monterey One Water (M1W)
• Moss Landing Harbor District
All jurisdictions listed above participated in and were annexes to the 2016 Monterey County MJHMP, with the exception of the Monterey Regional Waste Management District (MRWMD) and the Moss Landing Harbor District, which are new to the 2022 Plan.

1.3 CONTENTS OF THE PLAN
This plan has been set up in two volumes so that elements that are jurisdiction-specific can easily be distinguished from those that apply to the whole County.

COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 1-6 INTRODUCTION
Volume 1: Countywide Hazard Mitigation Plan
Volume 1 includes the federally required elements of a hazard mitigation plan for all participating jurisdictions. This includes the description of the planning process, public involvement strategy, hazard risk assessments, countywide mitigation actions, and a plan maintenance strategy. Since this is a multi-jurisdictional plan, Volume 1 addresses the entirety of Monterey County, which includes all participating jurisdictions and the entire geographic boundary of the County. Volume 1 includes the following appendices:
• Appendix 1: Plan Adoption Resolutions from Planning Partners • Appendix 2: Plan Progress Report Template
Volume 2: Jurisdictional Annexes
Volume 2 contains the Jurisdictional Annexes, which detail the hazard mitigation planning elements specific to each participating jurisdiction in the Monterey County MJHMP Update and includes all federally required jurisdiction-specific elements for each participating jurisdiction.

A Unincorporated County of Monterey (and Monterey County Water Resources Agency) B City of Carmel-by-the-Sea
C City of Del Rey Oaks
D City of Gonzales
E City of Greenfield
F City of King
G City of Marina
H City of Monterey
I City of Pacific Grove
J City of Salinas
K City of Sand City
L City of Seaside
M City of Soledad
N Carmel Area Wastewater District
O Monterey One Water
P Monterey Regional Waste Management District
Q Moss Landing Harbor District
COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 1-7 INTRODUCTION
All participating jurisdictions will adopt Volume 1 in its entirety and their own jurisdictionspecific annex in Volume 2. It should also be noted that the Monterey County Water Resources Agency as a dependent special district is covered under the Unincorporated Monterey County Annex. The Agency participated extensively in both the Steering Committee and the unincorporated County Hazard Mitigation Planning Team. The Plan will also be adopted by the Monterey County Water Resources Agency Board, in addition to its adoption by the Monterey County Board of Supervisors.

1.3.1 WHAT’S NEW?
In 2016, the County met all approval requirements from the DMA and officially adopted an update to the 2007 MJHMP. The 2016 Monterey County MJHMP contained descriptions of their planning processes, risk assessments of identified hazards, and mitigation strategies for reducing the risk and vulnerability from these hazards. Since the approval of the 2016 MJHMP by Cal OES and FEMA, progress has been made by the County and the participating jurisdictions on implementation of the mitigation strategies. As part of the update process, a thorough review and update of the 2016 MJHMP was conducted to ensure that this update reflects current community conditions and priorities in order to realign the updated mitigation strategy for the next five-year planning period.

Also, to be noted, Section 8, Plan Maintenance of the 2016 MJHMP and Section 22, Plan Implementation and Maintenance, of this MJHMP update identify key questions to be considered as criteria for assessing the effectiveness and appropriateness of the Plan during future plan updates. Questions include:
• Do the goals address current and expected conditions? • Has the nature or magnitude of risks changed?
• Are the current resources appropriate for implementing the Plan? • Are there implementation problems, such as technical, political, legal, or coordination issues with other agencies?
• Have the outcomes occurred as expected?
• Did the jurisdictions, agencies, and other partners participate in the plan implementation process as proposed?
Plan Reorganization
For this Plan update, a new plan organization was used. The hazard section was reorganized, combining Hazard Analysis and Vulnerability Analysis sections from the previous plan by hazard.

This allowed for a simpler document flow, which allows the reader to gain a full picture of the risk of any given hazard profiled in this plan in one individual section.

Changes in Development
Hazard mitigation plan updates must be revised to reflect changes in development within the planning area during the previous performance period (44 CFR Section 201.6(d)(3)). The plan must describe changes in development in hazard-prone areas that increased or decreased COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 1-8 INTRODUCTION
vulnerability for each jurisdiction since the last plan was approved. The intent of this requirement is to ensure that the mitigation strategy continues to address the risk and vulnerability of existing and potential development and takes into consideration possible future conditions that could impact vulnerability.

Monterey County experienced a 5.8% increase in population between 2010 and 2020.

Participating jurisdictions have adopted general plans that govern land use decisions and policymaking, as well as building codes and specialty ordinances based on state and federal mandates. This plan update assumes that some new development triggered by the increase in population occurred in hazard areas. Because all such new development would have been regulated pursuant to local programs and codes, it is assumed that vulnerability did not increase even if exposure did. Specific land use and development trends for each participating jurisdiction are included in their respective Annex in Volume 2. Risk assessments included update information on development in order to assess current exposure accurately.

New Hazards and Risk Assessment Methodology
The risk assessments for each identified hazard were updated. This included reworking the hazard profile, adding new hazard event occurrences, redoing the entire vulnerability analysis to add additional items, and updating the vulnerability assessment based on more recent hazard data as well as using the most current parcel and assessor data for the existing built environment to develop loss estimates.

The County strengthened this plan by using new research methods and information systems.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping and updated critical infrastructure inventories provided the County the tools to develop more comprehensive data sets than those in the 2016 MJHMP. The FEMA National Risk Index was also used to enhance the risk assessment. The National Risk Index incorporates physical and social vulnerability data to identify communities more at-risk to the adverse impacts of natural hazards. The National Risk Index is a high quality, comprehensive data set that identifies a community’s risk to natural hazards.

The 2016 MJHMP addressed the following hazards: agricultural emergencies coastal erosion, dam failure, earthquake, flood (including coastal storm), a hazardous materials event, landslide, tsunami, wildfire, and windstorm. As part of the plan update process new hazards of concern were identified and included in this update. Some hazards were reorganized or expanded to include additional sub-hazards. New hazards and changes include:
• Levee Failure added to Dam Failure
• Land Subsidence added to Earthquake Section
• Flooding was expanded to also include Localized Stormwater Flooding and Flash Floods • Landslide was renamed to Slope Failure to encompass a broader range of slope-based hazards
• Severe Weather added as a new section which included Windstorm in addition to Severe Winter Storms, Extreme Cold & Freeze, and Extreme Heat COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 1-9 INTRODUCTION
• Public Health Hazards added and includes Pandemic and Epidemic • Human Caused Hazards added and includes Cyber-Attack, Targeted Violence, Terrorism, and Mass Migration
• Utility Interruption added, including PSPS and Space Weather • The 2016 MJHMP described the anticipated effects of climate change on all hazards, as applicable, and for this update Climate Change risk analysis was expanded and combined into its own Section
• Sea Level Rise was moved under the new Climate Change Section Mitigation Actions
The 2016 mitigation actions were reviewed and have been changed, updated, and revised to reflect new priorities in this MJHMP. During this MJHMP update process, each of the 2016 mitigation actions were examined for relevancy and the potential for future implementation and then evaluated for potential follow-up. Some mitigation actions developed during the 2016 MJHMP effort are an inherent part of the MJHMP update process or were not detailed enough for implementation at a local jurisdiction level, and thus were not included in this update. The County has made significant changes to other 2016 Mitigation Actions because of the updated risk assessment and implementation strategy, to include more detail, or to update based on current mitigation practices.

During this MJHMP update process, the Steering Committee also decided to add countywide mitigation actions. These countywide actions were based on the highest rated hazards of concern the identified problem statements across the operational area. They were included in order to provide a high-level countywide mitigation strategy.

Mitigation Success Stories
The 2016 Monterey County MJHMP guiding principle, goals, objectives, and mitigation actions have been implemented through various ongoing projects, plans, and programs. The planning partners have made improvements toward reducing natural hazard risks to life and property, with significant risk reduction efforts for floodplain management, flood damage prevention, and fire hazard reduction. Throughout the hazard sections of the Plan, mitigation success stories were added in order to reflect on risk reduction successes that have occurred over the previous planning period. Mitigation success stories discussed in the Plan include:
• Section 5: Mitigating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic to Farmworkers • Section 7: San Clemente Dam Removal
• Section 10: Severe Repetitive Loss Property Elevation • Section 10: Salinas River Stream Maintenance Program
• Section 14: City of Salinas Free Tree Program
• Section 15: Rain Rocks Shed/ Pitkin's Curve Bridge
• Section 18: Monterey Fire Defensible Space Inspection Program • Section 19: City of Gonzales Growing Green
COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

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COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 2-1 PLANNING PROFILE

2. PLANNING PROFILE
This section describes each stage of the
planning process used to develop the
Monterey County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard
Mitigation Plan. The planning process provides
a framework for document development and
follows the FEMA recommended steps as
enumerated in federal regulation and outlined
below.

FEMA recommends 4 major planning steps:
• Step 1: Organize Resources
• Step 2: Assess Risk
• Step 3: Develop a Mitigation Strategy
• Step 4: Adopt and Implement the Plan
This MJHMP is a community-driven, living
document. The planning process itself is as
important as the resulting plan because it
encourages communities to integrate
mitigation with day-to-day decision making.

This section describes each stage of the
planning process.

Organize
Resources
Assess Risk
Devleop a
Mitigation
Strategy
Adopt
and
Implement
the Plan
COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 2-2 PLANNING PROFILE
Multi-Jurisdictional Planning Process
Multi-jurisdiction hazard mitigation planning offers many benefits, such as increased coordination and efficiency in planning and implementation efforts. At the same time, each jurisdiction has specific hazards and specific mitigation actions that must be addressed individually. The MJHMP balances the benefits of a comprehensive, coordinated approach to hazard mitigation with the specific realities of individual participating jurisdictions.

Volume 2 of this MJHMP documents each jurisdiction’s hazard mitigation planning process and resources. Each participating jurisdiction individually followed the same planning process as the countywide plan for their respective annex. Volume 2 provides each participating jurisdiction’s stand-alone annex.

2.1 PLANNING TIMELINE
The planning process began in April of 2019. The original intention was to start public outreach and the content update in January of 2020. Milestones and tasks affiliated with the FEMA planning steps set the original anticipated closeout date for March 2022. Planning efforts were suspended for approximately 12 months due to several moderate to catastrophic disasters in Monterey County in 2020 and 2021. These large events included the COVID-19 Pandemic, the 2020 River Fire, the 2020 Carmel Fire, the 2020 Dolan Fire, subsequent recovery efforts, and the 2021 Atmospheric River/Post-Fire Flood Flows.

After being suspended, the planning and update process resumed in March 2021, with an anticipated closeout date of July 2023. Table 2-1 outlines the key milestones in the process.

Table 2-1: MJHMP Planning Timeline
Table 2-1
MJHMP Planning Timeline
Planning Stage Start Date End Date
Public Outreach May 2019 February 2021
Planning Process May 2019 March 2020
Planning and Update Process Suspended March 2020 March 2021 Planning Process (Continued) March 2021 January 2022
Update Process March 2021 January 2022
Plan Review February 2022 June 2022
Plan Adoption and Approval July 2022 July 2023

2.1.1 THE STEERING COMMITTEE
In line with the first step of the recommended planning process, organizing resources, a Steering Committee was developed. Monterey County OES opened this planning effort to all eligible local governments and special districts within the County. Each jurisdiction wishing to join the planning partnership was asked to provide a designated a point of contact for the jurisdiction who would serve as the jurisdiction’s Steering Committee representative, as well as confirm the jurisdiction’s commitment to the process and understanding of expectations.

COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 2-3 PLANNING PROFILE
The Steering Committee was comprised of representatives from all participating jurisdictions who worked together to develop the MJHMP. Each jurisdiction’s Steering Committee representative was also the lead for their respective Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Stakeholder Team.

The Steering Committee was at the core of the MJHMP planning process and was integral to ensuring its success, its implementation, and its future maintenance. Members of the Steering Committee, listed in Table 2-2, represented jurisdictional leads from each planning partner.

Table 2-2: 2022 MJHMP Steering Committee Members
Table 2-2
2022 MJHMP Steering Committee Members
Name Agency/Jurisdiction Title
Barbara Buikema Carmel Area Wastewater District General Manager Paul Tomasi City of Carmel-by-the-Sea Police Chief
Chris Bourquin City of Del Rey Oaks Police Commander
Jeff Hoyne City of Del Rey Oaks Police Chief
Jason Muscio City of Gonzales Fire Chief
Jim Langborg City of Greenfield Fire Chief
Doreen Liberto City of King Community Development Director Steve Adams City of King City Manager
Doug McCoun City of Marina Fire Chief
Gaudenz Panholzer City of Monterey Fire Chief
Alyson Hunter City of Pacific Grove Senior Planner
Skylar Thompson City of Salinas Fire Chief
Brian Ferrante City of Sand City Police Chief
Dave Nava City of Seaside Division Chief
Mary Gutierrez City of Seaside Fire Chief
George Nunez City of Soledad Fire Chief
John Dugan Monterey County Housing and
Community Development
Deputy Director of Land Use and
Community Development
Kelsey Scanlon Monterey County Office of
Emergency Services Emergency Services Planner
Jennifer Bodensteiner Monterey County Water
Resources Agency Associate Hydrologist
Sarah Stevens Monterey One Water Compliance Analyst
David Ramirez Monterey Regional Waste
Management District Senior Engineer
Tommy Razzeca Moss Landing Harbor District General Manager/ Harbormaster The Steering Committee met throughout the development of the MJHMP update to discuss the MJHMP, its progress, and key planning elements. Table 2-3 provides an overview of those meetings, including dates and topics discussed.

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Agendas for all Steering Committee Meetings are included in Appendix 3.

Table 2-3: Steering Committee Meeting Schedule
Table 2-3
Steering Committee Meeting Schedule
Meeting Date Topics Discussed
Kick-Off Meeting May 22, 2019
• Overview of Hazard Mitigation
• Solicit Planning Partners
• Plan Expectations and Timeline
Planning Meeting #1 January 22, 2020
• Hazard Mitigation Overview
• Overview of Planning Process
• Roles, Responsibilities, and Tasks
• Public Outreach Strategy
• Information Requirements
Planning Meeting #2 February 19, 2020
• Planning Process Schedule
• Public Outreach Strategy
• Community Profile Review
• Information Requirements
Planning Meeting #3 March 2020 • Cancelled Due to COVID-19 Planning Meeting #4 April 2020 • Cancelled Due to COVID-19 Planning Meeting #5 May 2020 • Cancelled Due to COVID-19 Planning Meeting #6 July 15, 2020
• Progress Update
• COVID-19 Restrictions
• Timeline Changes
Planning Meeting #7 August 2021 • Cancelled Due to COVID-19 Planning Meeting #8 April 15, 2021
• Planning Process Timeline Update
• Plan Reorganization and Hazard List
• Upcoming Public Meetings and Survey
• Jurisdiction Information Requirements
Planning Meeting #9 May 21, 2021
• Jurisdiction-Specific Planning Meetings
• Information on Jurisdiction Annexes
• Threat Hazard Risk Assessment
Planning Meeting #10 September 21, 2021
• Countywide Mitigation Strategy
• Threat Hazard Risk Assessment Results
• Countywide Mitigation Actions
• Plan Maintenance Strategy
• Jurisdiction Annexes Overview
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Review and Incorporation of Existing Documents
The Steering Committee and the Monterey County OES Team reviewed and incorporated existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information in the formation of this MJHMP.

Those documents are referenced throughout the hazard sections and are examined more closely in Section 20, Capability Assessment.

2.1.2 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Per 44 CFR Section 201.6(b)(2), the planning process included an opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, and agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well as businesses, academia, and other private and non-profit interests to be involved.

In order to gather input from stakeholders on the risks and hazards facing Monterey County, the Threat Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) Survey, described in more detail in Section 4, Risk Assessment Methods, was sent out to neighboring communities, local and regional agencies, agencies that regulate development, businesses, academia, and other private and non-profit interests. Results from the survey were included with the rest of the Steering Committee and Jurisdiction results in the Countywide THIRA.

The agencies from whom stakeholders were invited to participate includes:
• American Red Cross
• American Water Works
• Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (AMBAG)
• Big Sur Fire Brigade
• Cachagua Fire
• California American Water Company
• California Department of Fish and Wildlife
• California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) • California Department of Transportation (Caltrans)
• California Governor's Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) • California Highway Patrol (CHP)
• California State Parks
• California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB)
• Carmel Valley Recreation and Park District
• Castroville Community Services District
• Center for Ocean Solutions
• Central Coast Community Energy
• Central Coast Wetlands Group
• Community Emergency Response Volunteers (CERV) of the Monterey Peninsula • Cypress Fire Protection District
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• Elkhorn Slough National Reserve
• Gonzales Rural Fire Protection District
• Hartnell Community College
• Marina Coast Water District
• Mid Coast Fire Brigade
• Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)
• Monterey Bay Sanctuary Foundation
• Monterey County Office of Education
• Monterey County Regional Fire Protection District
• Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District (MPRPD)
• Monterey Peninsula Unified School District
• Monterey Regional Fire
• Monterey-Salinas Transit (MST)
• National Weather Service (NWS)
• Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
• Naval Postgraduate School
• North County Fire Protection District
• North County Recreation and Park District
• Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)
• Pajaro/Sunny Mesa Community Services District
• Pebble Beach Community Services District
• Resources Conservation District of Monterey County (RCDMC) • Salinas Valley State Prison.
• San Ardo California Water District
• San Benito County
• San Lucas County Water District
• San Luis Obispo County
• Santa Cruz Country
• Santa Lucia Community Services District
• Soledad-Mission Recreation District
• SPCA for Monterey County
• Spreckels Community Services District
• The Nature Conservancy
• United Way Monterey County
• US Army Garrison- Presidio of Monterey
• US Army Garrison-Fort Hunter Liggett
• US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• US Forest Service - Los Padres National Forest
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2.1.3 JURISDICTION SPECIFIC PLANNING EFFORTS
Each jurisdiction conducted internal planning efforts with their individual jurisdiction planning teams to update their specific Annexes. These efforts were led by the Local Jurisdiction Lead who served as that jurisdiction’s Steering Committee representatives. Each Jurisdictions respective Steering Committee representative established their own Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan Stakeholder Team. Jurisdiction-specific Stakeholder Teams included, as applicable, those deemed relevant for local hazard mitigation and disaster risk reduction efforts and often included representatives from the following departments: City Management, Economic Development, Fire Department, Floodplain Administration, IT, Parks & Recreation, Community Development, Police Department, and Public Works. Details on the members of each Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan Stakeholder Team is included in Volume 2.

Each participating jurisdiction held at least one Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Planning Meeting.

At these meetings, the respective Hazard Mitigation Plan Stakeholder Team discussed hazard vulnerabilities, reviewed previous problem statements and mitigation strategies, and discussed their action plan. Each jurisdiction went through a risk ranking process using the Threat Hazard Risk Assessment (THIRA) Survey. This process is described in more detail in Section 4.4, Hazard Prioritization and Risk Ranking. Jurisdiction specific planning meetings are listed in Table 2-4.

Table 2-4: Jurisdiction-Specific Planning Meetings
Table 2-4
Jurisdiction-Specific Planning Meetings
Jurisdiction Meeting Date Location
City of Pacific Grove May 5, 2021 Virtual
City of Carmel-by-the-Sea June 15, 2021 Virtual
City of King June 22, 2021 Virtual
City of Seaside June 28, 2021 Virtual
City of Salinas July 13, 2021 City of Salinas City Hall City of Monterey July 19, 2021 Virtual
Monterey One Water (MW1) July 28, 2021 Regional Treatment Plant Carmel Area Wastewater District
(CAWD) August 2, 2021 CAWD Offices
City of Soledad August 18, 2021 City of Soledad City Hall City of Sand City August 24, 2021 City of Sand City City Hall Unincorporated Monterey County August 30, 2021 Virtual
City of Marina August 31, 2021 Virtual
City of Gonzales September 15, 2021 City of Gonzales Police Station City of Del Rey Oaks September 21, 2021 City of Del Rey Oaks City Hall City of Greenfield September 23, 2021 Virtual
Monterey Regional Waste
Management District (MRWMD) September 23, 2021 MRWMD Offices Moss Landing Harbor District September 27, 2021 Moss Landing Harbor City of Salinas October 5, 2021 City of Salinas City Hall COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 2-8 PLANNING PROFILE

2.2 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
Broad public participation in the planning process helps ensure that diverse points of view are considered and addressed. The public must have opportunities to comment on disaster mitigation plans during the drafting stages and prior to plan approval (44 CFR, Section 201.6(b)(1)). The public involvement strategy used for this plan update introduced the concept of mitigation to the public and provided the Steering Committee with feedback to use in developing the plan.

Public outreach was a critical element of the plan update process, as Monterey County includes a broad range of communities with diverse citizenry, concerns, and needs. A plan that reflects the community’s values and priorities is likely to have greater legitimacy and “buy-in” and greater success in implementing mitigation actions and projects to reduce risk. The public outreach strategy maximized involvement throughout the planning process.

Public stakeholders were given many opportunities to provide comment during all phases of the update process. The strategy for involving the public in this plan was a multi-pronged approach utilizing a dedicated website, a Community Survey, 7 Public Forums, and Public Presentations. Presentations were provided in Spanish upon request. The website and Survey were translated in Spanish to accommodate Spanish speaking community members.

2.2.1 WEBSITE
At the beginning of the plan development process, a website was created to keep the public posted on plan development milestones and to solicit relevant input. The site’s address was publicized at all public meetings. Each planning partner established a link to this site on its own agency website. Information on the plan development process, the Steering Committee, the Survey, and drafts of the plan was made available to the public on the site throughout the COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 2-9 PLANNING PROFILE
process. Monterey County OES intends to keep the website active after the plan’s completion to keep the public informed about successful mitigation projects and future plan updates.

2.2.2 SURVEY
A hazard mitigation survey was developed, in both English and Spanish, by the planning team with guidance from the Steering Committee. The survey provided an opportunity for residents to share opinions regarding hazard mitigation and participate in the plan update process. The survey consisted of 30 questions and was made available on the hazard mitigation plan website and advertised throughout the course of the planning process. The survey was used to:
• Gauge the public’s perception of risk and identify what citizens are concerned about. • Identify the best ways to communicate with the public. • Determine the level of public support for different mitigation strategies. • Understand the public’s willingness to invest in hazard mitigation.

The survey was open for public participation from July 22, 2019, to August 28, 2021, and 100 completed surveys were submitted.

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Data suggests a direct correlation between public outreach efforts and survey participation as seen in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1
Survey Responses to Date
Figure 2-1: Survey Responses to Date
Survey respondents represented a broad range of geographical areas. Table 2-5 summarizes the geographic diversity of respondents and Figure 2-2 shows a heat map of respondents.

Table 2-5: Public Survey Respondents by Location
Table 2-5
Public Survey Respondents by Location
Jurisdiction # of Respondents
City of Carmel by The Sea 1
City of Del Rey Oaks 2
City of Gonzales 0
City of Greenfield 0
City of King City 1
City of Marina 5
City of Monterey 27
City of Pacific Grove 5
City of Salinas 12
City of Sand City 0
City of Seaside 0
City of Soledad 1
Incorporated Jurisdiction Respondents Subtotal 54
Unincorporated Area- Big Sur 8
Unincorporated Area-Carmel 5
Unincorporated Area- Carmel Valley 9
Unincorporated Area - Salinas/River Rd 2
Unincorporated Area - North County 4
Unincorporated Area - Other 1
Unincorporated Area Respondents Subtotal 29
Other* 17
Total Respondents 100
*Respondents identified locations outside of County or did not identify their locations.

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Figure 2-2
Heat Map of Public Survey Respondents Locations
Figure 2-2: Heat Map of Public Survey Respondents
Results of the survey were used to support the creation of the Countywide Hazard Mitigation Problem Statements and the Countywide Hazard Mitigation Action Matrix.

Approximately 74% of survey participants indicated they had experienced or been impacted by a natural hazard or disaster. The most common hazards respondents had experienced or been impacted by were flooding (25 respondents), earthquakes (24 respondents), wildfires (23 respondents), and windstorms (19 respondents). Survey participants were most concerned about agricultural emergencies, earthquakes, and climate change.

Participants also ranked which community assets were most vulnerable to natural hazards.

Community assets were ranked by vulnerability in the following order:

1. Infrastructure: Damage or loss of roads, bridges, utilities, schools, etc.

2. People: Loss of life and/or injuries

3. Environmental: Damage, contamination or loss of forests, wetlands, waterways, etc.

4. Governmental: Ability to maintain order and continue providing public services, etc.

5. Economic: Business interruptions or closures, job losses, agricultural losses, etc.

6. Cultural/Historic: Damage or loss of libraries, museums, historic properties, etc.

In terms of mitigation activities, 81% of respondents felt natural systems protection was very important to pursue, 77% felt educations and awareness programs were very important to COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 2-12 PLANNING PROFILE
pursue, 73% felt local plans and regulations were very important to pursue, and 71% felt structure and infrastructure projects were very important to pursue.

The highest priority mitigation actions included: Strengthen infrastructure such as roads, bridges, water/wastewater and electric power supply facilities (83 respondents); Develop climate adaptation plans, policies or projects to minimize potential negative impacts from climate change (68 respondents); Enhance or restore the capacity of natural features (dunes, floodplains, wetlands) to absorb impacts of natural hazards (61 respondents); Strengthen critical public facilities such as police, fire, schools and hospitals (60 respondents); and Provide better public information about hazard risks and available mitigation measures (59 respondents).

The lowest priority mitigation actions included: Protect cultural and/or historic resources such as monuments, museums, historic landmarks, etc. (18 respondents); Assist vulnerable property owners with securing funding for mitigation projects (35 respondents); and acquire vulnerable properties from willing sellers, remove or relocate existing structures and maintain as open space (23 respondents).

Full survey results are available upon request.

2.2.3 COMMUNITY FORUMS
Monterey County OES held 7 Community Forums, geographically dispersed by Supervisorial District, in order to capture a wide range of community input on the update to the MJHMP.

Table 2-6 lists the community forums that occurred.

Table 2-6: Hazard Mitigation Community Forums on the 2022 MJHMP Table 2-6
Hazard Mitigation Community Forums on the 2022 MJHMP
District Date Location
District 1 January 8, 2020 Ag Commissioner’s Office
District 2 January 6, 2020 Castroville Library
District 3 January 15, 2020 San Antonio Valley Community Center District 3 January 17, 2020 Arroyo Seco Fire District Station #32 District 4 January 9, 2020 Marina Library
District 5 January 16, 2020 Big Sur Lodge Conference Room District 5 January 22, 2020 Discovery Center at Palo Corona Regional Park In order to assess the community’s perception of hazard risk, during the community forums, an interactive activity was conducted. The activity was offered in both English and Spanish.

Community members voted with stickers to answers questions on the importance of various community assets and their level of concern on different hazards. First, in order to understand the importance of various community assets, community forum participants indicated how COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 2-13 PLANNING PROFILE
important various community assets were to them. Community assets was defined as features, characteristics, or resources that either make a community unique or allow it to function.

Table 2-7 summarizes the results from all community forums on the answer to the question:

How important are each of the following community assets to you? The results indicate that over 90% of community members that responded considered Electric Power and Gas Facilities, Emergency Operations Centers, Hospital and Medical Facilities, Major Roads and Bridges, and Water and Wastewater Utilities to be very important.

Table 2-7: Community Forums Interactive Activity Results: Community Assets Table 2-7
Community Forums Interactive Activity Results: Community Assets Community Asset
Percent of Respondents
Very
Important
Somewhat
Important Neutral Not Very Important
Not
Important
Airports 13.3% 66.7% 13.3% 0.0% 6.7%
Colleges/Universities 50.0% 28.6% 7.1% 14.3% 0.0%
Day Care Facilities 30.0% 40.0% 30.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Elder Care Facilities 64.3% 14.3% 21.4% 0.0% 0.0%
Electric Power and Gas Facilities 95.7% 0.0% 4.3% 0.0% 0.0% Emergency Operations Centers 93.3% 6.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Emergency Shelters 87.5% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Farms and Agricultural Facilities 38.5% 46.2% 7.7% 7.7% 0.0% Fire Stations and EMS Facilities 80.0% 20.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Government Buildings 25.0% 37.5% 37.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Historic Buildings 41.7% 25.0% 25.0% 8.3% 0.0%
Hospital and Medical Facilities 92.3% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Major Roads and Bridges 92.6% 7.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Major Employers 28.6% 42.9% 28.6% 0.0% 0.0%
Military Facilities 14.3% 57.1% 14.3% 14.3% 0.0%
Natural Resources 85.7% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Parks and Recreational Areas 78.6% 21.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Police Stations 84.6% 15.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Port and Marine Facilities 62.5% 25.0% 0.0% 12.5% 0.0%
Schools (K-12) 68.8% 25.0% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0%
Small Businesses 54.5% 45.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Water and Wastewater Utilities 92.3% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Next, in order to understand the community’s perception of hazard risk, community forum participants indicated how concerned they were about various hazards.

Table 2-8 summarizes the results from all community meetings on the answer to the question:

How concerned are you about the possibility of your community being impacted by each of these hazards?
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Table 2-8: Community Forums Interactive Activity Results: Hazard Concern Table 2-8
Community Forums Interactive Activity Results: Hazard Concern Hazard Percent of Respondents
Very Concerned Somewhat Concerned Not Concerned
Agricultural Emergency 73.9% 26.1% 0.0%
Coastal Erosion 70.0% 30.0% 0.0%
Dam Failure 55.6% 27.8% 16.7%
Earthquake 78.6% 21.4% 0.0%
Flood 80.0% 20.0% 0.0%
Hazardous Materials Incident 62.5% 25.0% 12.5%
Landslide / Debris Flow 69.4% 22.2% 8.3%
Sea Level Rise 64.7% 29.4% 5.9%
Tsunami 61.1% 22.2% 16.7%
Wildland Fire 73.1% 23.1% 3.8%
Windstorm 37.5% 58.3% 4.2%

2.2.4 PUBLIC PRESENTATIONS
In order to inform the public about the plan, public presentations were held. Presentations helped educate the public about existing hazards and mitigation strategies and allowed the public to provide feedback on the MJHMP. Public presentations are listed in Table 2-9. Table 2-9: Public Presentations on the 2022 MJHMP Update Table 2-9
Public Presentations of the 2022 MJHMP Update
Public Presentation Date
Monterey County Board of Supervisors Tuesday, April 2, 2019 Monterey County Disaster Council Wednesday, April 24, 2019 Monterey County Disaster Council Meeting Wednesday, October 30, 2019 City of Gonzales City Council Meeting Presentation Monday, November 18, 2019 City of Pacific Grove City Council Meeting Presentation Wednesday, February 19, 2020 City of Sand City City Council Meeting Presentation Tuesday, March 3, 2020 City of King City Council Meeting Presentation Tuesday, August 25, 2020 City of Greenfield City Council Meeting Presentation Tuesday, September 22, 2020 City of Monterey City Council Meeting Presentation Tuesday, October 6, 2020 Monterey County Disaster Council Meeting Wednesday, October 28, 2020 Carmel-by-the-Sea Climate Change Committee Meeting Thursday, November 19, 2020 City of Marina City Council Meeting Presentation Tuesday, May 18 2021 City of Carmel-by-the-Sea City Council Presentation Tuesday, June 1, 2021 City of Seaside City Council Meeting Presentation Thursday, June 3, 2021 Monterey Regional Waste Management District Board Friday, June 18, 2021 City of Soledad City Council Meeting Presentation Wednesday, July 21, 2021 City of Salinas City Council Meeting Presentation Tuesday, August 10, 2021 City of Del Rey Oaks City Council Meeting Presentation Tuesday, September 28, 2021 Moss Landing Harbor District Board Presentation Wednesday, September 29, 2021 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 2-15 PLANNING PROFILE

2.3 ASSESS THE RISK
In accordance with FEMA requirements, the Steering Committee identified and prioritized the hazards affecting both the County as a whole and each participating jurisdiction individually. It also assessed the vulnerability to those hazards. Results from this risk assessment aided in the subsequent identification of appropriate mitigation actions. While the process is described below, the substance of this risk assessment is detailed in Section 4, Risk Assessment Methods.

Identify and Profile Hazards
Based on a review of past hazard events, existing plans, reports, and other technical studies, data, and information, the Steering Committee determined what regional hazards could affect the County. The Steering Committee completed a screening and prioritization processes to determine priority hazards to be assessed. A risk assessment finalized the prioritization process by ranking hazards according to the impact and threat to the whole County in Volume 1 and each participating jurisdiction in Volume 2.

Assess Vulnerabilities
Assessing vulnerabilities exposes the unique characteristics of individual hazards and begins the process of narrowing down which areas within the County are vulnerable to specific hazard events. The vulnerability assessment involved a subjective assessment, in addition to a GIS overlaying method for examining vulnerabilities in-depth. The identified hazards varied depending on the geographic make-up of, priorities of, and services provided by the participating jurisdictions. Using these methods, planning partners estimated vulnerable populations, infrastructure, and potential losses from hazards.

2.4 DEVELOP A MITIGATION STRATEGY
This plan provides an explicit strategy and blueprint for reducing potential losses identified in the risk assessment based on existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and participating jurisdictions’ abilities to expand on and improve these existing tools. MJHMP development included identifying goals, assessing existing capabilities, reviewing the 2016 MJHMP goals, and identifying new mitigation actions. The MJHMP was prepared in accordance with requirements from DMA 2000 and the California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) and FEMA’s HMP guidance. The process is described below; the substance of the mitigation strategy is detailed in Section 21, Mitigation Strategy, for the whole County and within Volume 2 for each participating jurisdiction.

Identify Goals
The Steering Committee reviewed the 2016 MJHMP goals and determined their current validity, consistent with FEMA requirements. The goals were updated to meet the current hazard environments and to be consistent with the changing policies and goals of participating jurisdictions. The goals are presented in Section 21, Mitigation Strategy.

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Develop Capabilities Assessment
A capabilities assessment is a comprehensive review of participating jurisdictions’ capabilities and tools to implement the mitigation actions in the MJHMP. The Steering Committee and individual jurisdiction Planning Teams identified technical, financial, and administrative capabilities to implement mitigation actions, as detailed in Section 20, Capability Assessment, and in Volume 2 for each participating jurisdiction.

Identify Hazard Problem Statements
The Steering Committee and individual jurisdiction Planning Teams developed mitigation actions, as both planning activities and projects, to address problems that could originate from hazards identified in the risk assessment, in line with identified capability of each jurisdiction.

Mitigation actions were created first by developing problem statements for prioritized hazards.

Hazard Problem Statements are located at the conclusion of each hazard section, in Section 21, Mitigation Strategy, and in Volume 2 for each individual jurisdiction.

Identify Mitigation Actions
As part of the MJHMP planning process, the Steering Committee and individual jurisdiction Planning Teams reviewed and analyzed the status of the mitigation actions identified in the 2016 MJHMP. The status of mitigation actions included in the 2016 MJHMP that were either completed or deleted during the plan update process is included in Volume 2 in the respective annexes of each jurisdiction who were included in the prior plan. Once the 2016 actions were reviewed, the Steering Committee and individual jurisdiction Planning Teams then worked to identify and develop new mitigation actions with implementation elements. Additional detail on these mitigation actions is provided in Section 21, Mitigation Strategy, and in Volume 2 for each individual jurisdiction.

2.5 ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT THE PLAN
Once the risk assessment and mitigation strategy were completed, information, data, and associated narratives were compiled into the MJHMP. Section 1.3.1, What’s New?, provides detailed information on new and updated elements of the MJHMP.

Plan Review and Revision
Once the Draft MJHMP Update was completed, a public and government review period was established for official review and revision. Public comments were accepted, reviewed, and incorporated into this update. Applicable comments from the public have been received and addressed prior to submitting to FEMA and Cal OES. Steering Committee Members, Operational Area stakeholders, and partners were provided a 60-day review period prior to the public review and comment period. This was announced at the Monterey County Operational Area Disaster Council meeting on October 27, 2021.

A 30-day public comment period, from February 10 to March 10, 2022, gave the public an opportunity to comment on the draft plan update prior to its submittal to Cal OES. The principal COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 2-17 PLANNING PROFILE
avenue for public comment on the draft plan was the website established for this plan update.

Comments received on the draft plan are available upon request. All comments were reviewed by the Steering Committee and incorporated into the draft plan as appropriate.

Plan Approval and Submittal
On behalf of all participating jurisdictions, Monterey County Office of Emergency Services submitted the Plan for Cal OES and FEMA Review on March 11, 2022. The 2022 Monterey County MJHMP received Approval Pending Adoption from FEMA on June 14, 2022.

Plan Adoption
Upon receiving the notice of Approval Pending Adoption, all participating jurisdictions seeking plan approval are required to adopt the plan. The plan approval date remains the same regardless of the independent participating jurisdictions adoption dates.

Table 2-10: Jurisdiction Plan Adoption Dates
Table 2-10
Jurisdiction Plan Adoption Dates
Annex Letter Agency/Jurisdiction Adoption Date
A Unincorporated County of Monterey
A Monterey County Water Resources Agency
B City of Carmel-by-the-Sea
C City of Del Rey Oaks
D City of Gonzales
E City of Greenfield
F City of King
G City of Marina
H City of Monterey
I City of Pacific Grove
J City of Salinas
K City of Sand City
L City of Seaside
M City of Soledad
N Carmel Area Wastewater District
O Monterey One Water
P Monterey Regional Waste Management District
Q Moss Landing Harbor District
Upon receiving the record of adoption from the State, FEMA will issue an official approval letter stating which jurisdictions have adopted and are approved and eligible for FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs. The approval letter and date are generated with the first jurisdiction adopting the plan. The Monterey County MJHMP was approved on DATE and expires on DATE.

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Implement, Evaluate, and Revise the Plan
The true worth of any mitigation plan is its implementation and success under FEMA’s grant programs. This MJHMP has been assembled to reduce the risk of natural hazards, and also to meet the requirements of the DMA 2000 and maintain eligibility under FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) grant programs. FEMA administers three programs that provide funding for local agencies with approved mitigation plans:
• Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), which assists in implementing long-term hazard mitigation planning and projects following a Presidential major disaster declaration. • Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC), which provides funds for hazard mitigation planning and projects on an annual basis.
• Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA), which provides funds for planning and projects to reduce or eliminate risk of flood damage to buildings that are insured under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) on an annual basis.

Plan Maintenance
The County will update and monitor this plan in accordance with all FEMA requirements in order maintain eligibility for FEMA HMA. Evaluation and revision procedures for this plan are detailed in Section 22, Plan Implementation and Maintenance. Section 22 includes the measures Monterey County and planning partners will take to ensure the MJHMP’s continuous long‐term implementation, including MJHMP monitoring, reporting, evaluation, maintenance, and updating.

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3. COMMUNITY PROFILE
Monterey County is situated on California's central coast, south of San Francisco and north of Los Angeles. Monterey County is known to the world for its majestic coastlines including Big Sur, the Monterey Peninsula, and the Monterey Bay, as well as the agriculturally rich Salinas Valley, known as the “Salad Bowl of the World.” It is also home to Pinnacles National Park near the City of Soledad, the Monterey Bay Aquarium, and the site of a Monarch butterfly preserve in the City of Pacific Grove.

3.1 LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY, AND CLIMATE
Monterey County is located on the Pacific Ocean on the north-central coast of California. The County is bordered by Santa Cruz County to the North, San Benito, Fresno, and King Counties to the East, San Luis Obispo County to the South, and the Pacific Ocean to the West. The County is 110 miles south of San Francisco and 320 miles north of Los Angeles.

Monterey County, one of the largest in California, covers 3,771 square miles, of which 13% is water, and contains nearly 100 miles of coastline. Elevation within the County ranges from sea level to 5,862 feet at Junipero Serra Peak, which is located 12 miles inland in the Santa Lucia Range. Prominent land features in the County include two major northwest-southeast trending mountain ranges—the Santa Lucia Range along the coast, and the Gabilan Range along the eastern border of the County, both of which are part of the Pacific Coast Range. Between the Santa Lucia and Gabilan mountain ranges lies the Salinas Valley; and at the center of the Valley flows the Salinas River, the largest river on California’s Central Coast.

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Figure 3-1
Map of Monterey County
Figure 3-1: Map of Monterey County
The Santa Lucia Range stretches approximately 100 miles from just south of Carmel to a point north of the San Luis Obispo County line. The steepest slope in the contiguous United States occurs within the Coast Range at Cone Peak, ranging from sea level to 5,155 feet in a distance of just three miles. The Big Sur coastline is known for its steep slopes, jagged peaks, and narrow coastal canyons. Offshore the steep ridges of the Santa Lucia Mountains fall sharply beneath the Pacific Ocean. 50 miles offshore, the Pacific Ocean reaches a depth of 12,000 feet. Two deep submarine canyons, the Sur Submarine Canyon, and the Partington Submarine Canyon, cut into the continental shelf near the Big Sur coast, and eventually merge to become one of the deepest submarine canyons on earth.

On the eastern side of the Santa Lucia Range, the mountain slopes descend abruptly down to the Salinas Valley, which rises in altitude from sea level at the Monterey Bay to approximately 400 feet near Bradley. The Valley is 130 miles long and is famous for its productive soils.

The Gabilan Mountains, like the Santa Lucia Mountains, are composed of granite and metamorphic rocks and are similarly characterized by steep slopes and complex drainage patterns. The Gabilan Mountains, located further inland however, are drier than the Santa Lucia COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-3 COMMUNITY PROFILE
Mountains. At the northern end of the Monterey County lies the Pajaro River. Much of north County land is cultivated with agricultural crops. The coastal area of North County contains wide sandy beaches and the primary commercial fishing harbor for the entire County.

Monterey County includes 12 incorporated cities and 16 unincorporated areas; of which Salinas, the County seat, is the largest municipality. The cities can be generally grouped into two classifications (valley and coastal):

Valley Cities: Gonzales, Greenfield, King City, Salinas (Monterey County seat), and Soledad.

Coastal Cities: Carmel, Del Rey Oaks, Marina, Monterey, Pacific Grove, Sand City, and Seaside.

California Highway 101 bisects the County providing easy access to all Salinas Valley cities and the Monterey Peninsula, while Highway 1 offers scenic views of the California coast.

The climate in Monterey County is considered Mediterranean, with dry summers, rainy winters, and moderate temperatures year-round, with an average rainfall of about 19 inches per year.

Precipitation in the region falls mainly between November and April. Large variations exist in rainfall amounts between coastal and inland areas, as well as from year to year and from sea level to altitude along the coast.

3.2 HISTORY
Before the European colonization, the Monterey area had been inhabited for over 8,000 years.

Indigenous peoples lived in the valleys and near the seaside and the area was inhabited by three major native groups: the Costanoan (Ohlone), Esselen, and Salinan groups. The Salinan Indigenous Americans lived in southern region of the County and had about 3,500-4,000 members. The Esselen Indigenous Americans had several hundred members and resided on the northwest coast of the County. The Costanoan (Ohlone) group was the largest in the area with around 7,000 people, occupying Monterey Peninsula and northern region of the County.

Spanish explorers first sailed past the Monterey coast in the mid-1500s but did not land in the Monterey Bay until the early 1600s. In 1542, Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo discovered the bay he named “la Bahia de los Pinos,” the Bay of Pines, but not venture ashore. By the late 1500s, New Spain's concerns were focused on the Pacific, in particular, the threat of English piracy against Spain's Manila galleons. With a view toward finding a port to protect and supply the galleons, Sebastian Vizcaino laid claim to the bay in 1602, when he named it, the Bahia de Monte Rey, or Monterey Bay, in honor of Gaspar de Zuniga y Acevedo, Conde de Monterrey, the Viceroy of New Spain. The word itself is composed of the “monte” and “rey,” which literally means “king of the mountain” in Spanish. Spanish settlement in the region though did not occur for another 167 years. It would not be until 1769, when New Spain, fearing the advancement of the Russians, planned an expedition into California to establish a military foothold and a mission.

On June 3, 1770, Captain Gaspar de Portola, and Franciscan Father Junipero Serra founded the Presidio of Monterey and the Mission de San Carolos Borromeo de Monterey at Monterey Bay.

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In 1774, the small, rudimentary presidio was named the capital of the Californias, both Alta and Baja, upper and lower. And, in 1778 it was named the capital of Spanish Alta California.

Spanish settlers began developing catholic missions, or religious outposts, within the County and used the Salinas Valley for range lands. Franciscan missionaries also began constructing missions in the late 1700s, establishing missions in Monterey (1770, then moved to Carmel in 1771), in the San Antonio River Valley (1771) along the eastern side of the Santa Lucia Mountains, and in Soledad (1791). This began a period of forced conversions of Indigenous Americans to Catholicism and the disintegration of traditional Indigenous life. Natives were decimated by introduced European diseases, particularly whooping cough, and measles, and by violence in the missions and declining birth rates. In 1826, after Mexico’s secession from Spain, the governor of Alta California emancipated the remaining natives from the missions. A small number of their descendants still live in the region.

Monterey was an important port and military position, for Spain, becoming the political and cultural Capital of Alta California in 1775. Spain established a formal pueblo government in the region that went into effect in 1794. By 1800, most settlers in the area lived in the Presidio or at the mission in Carmel, while a few had moved out to ranches south of Salinas. Slowly, settlers began moving into the Salinas Valley and developing ranches centered around cattle. The region remained a military outpost for most of Spanish rule. Spanish occupation of the Monterey County region significantly expanded grasslands, especially in the Salinas Valley, to support an economy based primarily on cattle grazing. The Spanish also introduced a number of important crops to the region, including wine grapes, olives, apples, and pear trees.

In 1822, following the Mexican War of Independence, California became a province of Mexico.

Monterey remained the capital of Alta California during the 20-year period of Mexican rule.

Under Mexican rule, with the secularization of the missions, the Californios, the descendants of the original Spanish colonists, secured vast land grants and expanded the cattle and hide trade.

The boundaries of the original ranchos serve to a large extent as today’s property boundaries within the region, particularly on larger tracts of agricultural and ranching lands. Mexico lifted the strict trading regulations the Spanish had enforced, and Monterey became California’s main port of entry. British, American, and South American trading vessels flocked to the coastal port.

The official Custom House at Monterey opened to foreign ships, transforming the old Spanish provincial capital into an international port.

Tensions between the US and Mexico rapidly deteriorated in the 1840s as American expansionists eagerly eyed land to the west, including the lush northern Mexican province of California. Indeed, in 1842, a US naval fleet, incorrectly believing war had broken out, seized Monterey. Monterey was returned the next day, but the episode only added to the uneasiness between Mexico and the US. In the mid-1800s, during the Mexican American war, the Presidio of Monterey was taken over by the US military. In July 1846, Commodore John Drake Sloat’s troops officially raised the American flag over the Custom House, setting the stage for California to become part of the US. Sloat established the first American fort in California to protect the COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-5 COMMUNITY PROFILE
harbor. Following the Mexican American War, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in February 1848, formally ceded Alta California, which included Monterey County, to the United States. US Navy Captain Walter Colton was appointed Monterey’s first American Alcalde or Chief Magistrate of the Monterey district in 1846. He impaneled the first jury in California, cofounded the first newspaper in California, was one of the founders of the first public library in California, and raised funds to build Colton Hall, the first and largest public building in California, as a town hall and school. In 1849, the new building became the site of the convention to establish a constitution for American California.

Settlement of Monterey County following its entry into the US, was at first concentrated around the establishments of earlier settlers. As ranchos were subdivided and settlers applied for preemption to public lands, clustered farms appeared in the canyon mouths that opened on to the Salinas Valley. The discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada foothills in 1849 brought droves of homesteaders to the County, and as the best parcels in Monterey and the Salinas Valley became occupied, homesteading spread to the rugged Big Sur coast. Many of the first American settlers were cattlemen like the Spanish before them, and sheep were raised in large numbers, both in the Salinas Valley and in the hills of the Big Sur coast. Grazing eventually gave way to irrigated agriculture. The gold rush sparked the development of the Southern Pacific railroad and, as the railroad system grew in late 1800s, so did the Salinas Valley population.

David Jacks, a controversial figure in Monterey history, involved himself in the settlement of Mexican land claims in Monterey. In 1853 the Pueblo of Monterey contracted Delos Ashley to help legalize its title to some 30,000 acres of land. Ashley billed the city $1,000 for his services and when they could not pay, he suggested the city auction some of its land. Ashley and Jacks were the only two bidders and purchased the entire tract for $1002.50, which included what is now the cities of Monterey, Pacific Grove, Seaside, and Del Rey Oaks along with the Del Monte Forest, and Fort Ord. The sale was controversial, and the city filed suit against Jack claiming the sale was illegitimate. The case eventually reached the US Supreme Court in 1903, which ruled in favor of Jack. Jack embarked on what appears to have been an almost obsessive taste for land acquisition. Piece by piece he added to his holdings through mortgage and tax sales and other shrewd practices. As a result, of Jack’s shrewd business practices, animosity toward him ran high. At his height Jack was said to own around 100,000 acres of Monterey County land.

The gold rush created a cattle boom, which ended with major flooding in 1862, shifting the use of land from ranching to dry farming of grains. By 1870, commercial agriculture was well underway in the Salinas Valley. A major drought in 1863 and 1864 essentially wiped out the cattle industry, and grain production became the County’s principal agricultural activity. Sugar beet cultivation and dairying began to replace grain farming by 1897. In 1874, the first railroad was established, the Monterey and Salinas Valley Railroad, shipping grain, fish, and other goods. Soon, the narrow gauge was overtaken by the Southern Pacific Railroad. The extension of the Southern Pacific Railroad from Pajaro to Salinas, along with improved irrigation systems, refrigerated freight cars, and other innovations in technology, encouraged increasingly COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-6 COMMUNITY PROFILE
intensive row crop cultivation and set the stage for the Salinas Valley to become one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world.

The wealth of sea life around the Monterey Peninsula, from migrating whales to abalone and squid, also attracted settlers to the region. By 1853, Chinese settlers had established a vibrant fishing village, making the Monterey villages unique in early Chinese immigration to California.

The Chinese would continue their livelihood, despite fire and hardships. They were joined on the Bay by Portuguese whalers from the Azores who found a lucrative and dangerous livelihood in shore whaling.

The sugar beet industry in Monterey County was the first type of intensive farming to bring changes that would profoundly affect land use, labor, and settlement. In 1897, Claus Spreckels began a sugar beet industry in Monterey County. The success of the industry was dependent on contracted growers and a large body of low-wage laborers. These needs had a tremendous effect on tenancy and colonization of agricultural lands in the County, and greatly influenced the ethnic makeup of the Salinas Valley. The operations in Monterey County did not experience gradual growth but were put in place in the form of a fully planned town and plant, with company owned farms scattered from Salinas to King City. Spreckels did most of the pioneer work in irrigation technology in the County, paving the way for more efficient use of the seasonally scarce water supply that had hindered intensive farming efforts up to this time.

Beets, however, were eventually replaced by row crops which had a higher value per acre.

David Jacks sold a large tract of land between Carmel and Pacific Grove to the Pacific Improvement Company, a company controlled by the so-called "Big Four" California railroad barons. Railroad pioneer Charles Crocker sought to create a destination for the railroad, the Hotel Del Monte with gardens, polo fields, a racetrack, and a seventeen-mile leisure road to the Del Monte’s Pebble Beach. The hotel opened in 1880 and was immediately dubbed the “The World's Most Elegant Seaside Resort.” Hotel Del Monte was the catalyst for Monterey's modern-day tourism industry and at its peak encompassed 20,000-acres spread across the Monterey Peninsula. The Hotel Del Monte was requisitioned by the Navy at the beginning of World War II and in 1947, the resort was sold to the federal government.

Following the Spanish-American War, the need for more bases on the West Coast prompted the Army to establish the Monterey Military Reservation on the same site as the, the old fort on Presidio Hill (the American Presidio in contrast to the Royal Presidio located east of Old Town).

In 1904, it was renamed the Presidio of Monterey in honor of the original Spanish and Mexican presidio. From 1902 onward the mission of the Presidio changed from 19th century coastal defense to instruction and training, which it continues today as the home of the Defense Language Institute. The 1900s were a time of military growth for Monterey County with Fort Ord’s creation in Seaside during World War I and Camp Roberts development in South County during World War II. However, in recent history, base closures have resulted in reductions of military presence in the County, and the reuse of major portions of the former Fort Ord.

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A phenomenal expansion in lettuce production took place starting in 1920, and by 1930 lettuce accounted for almost half the gross returns to the County from farm products. The resulting increase in total farm income was reflected in a substantial growth in population. The need for seasonal field labor was firmly established with the shift to intensive single crop production. By 1930, a permanent shift in agricultural production to corporate owners and large operators who packed and shipped as well as grew the crop had taken place in the County. During the late 1930s and 40s the Salinas Valley witnessed a significant boom in agricultural production due to the development of farming infrastructure in the region. This led to a higher demand for labor that was satisfied due to the influx of farmworkers from Mexico during World War II, through the “Bracero” program. During and after the Dust Bowl, the Salinas Valley received thousands of displaced workers from the South and Midwest. Displaced workers led to a vast increase in agricultural productivity. The commercial farming sector of the Dust Bowl era forms the backdrop for several John Steinbeck novels.

In the early 1900s, the Monterey Bay began to attract the interest of commercial fish processors. In 1900, the first sardine cannery opened, adjacent to the Monterey Wharf and in 1902, the first fish packing and canning operation on Cannery Row. In 1903, Frank Booth took over the sardine cannery and would hire a Norwegian fisheries expert, Knut Hovden, to mechanize the canning process. Hovden would go on to revolutionize the canning industry and successfully operated the largest and longest operating cannery. By the 1940s, nineteen fully operating canneries harvested over 250,000 tons per season on "Cannery Row,” making Monterey the “Sardine Capital of the World.” In the late 1940s the sardine harvests diminished year by year signaling the end of the industry. The Monterey Bay Aquarium opened in 1984 at the old Hovden cannery site. Designated in 1992 as the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, an enormous federally protected marine area of California's central coast was created, centered on Monterey Bay.

3.3 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS
According to the 2020 Census, Monterey County has a population of 439,035 people. About 80% of the countywide population resides in the 12 incorporated municipalities, which consist of only 2% of the County’s total land area.

Salinas represents the largest city in Monterey County with over 163,542 residents. The cities of Marina, Soledad, Monterey, and Seaside form the second largest group in population ranging from 22,359 to 33,366 residents each. The smallest cities include Sand City, Del Rey Oaks Carmel-by-the-Sea and Gonzales with populations ranging from 325 to 8,647. The population for the unincorporated areas of the County is 104,482. The largest communities in the unincorporated County are Prunedale (18,885 residents), Castroville (7,515 residents), Carmel Valley Village (4,524 residents), and the Del Monte Forest (4204 residents). Since the 2010 Census the population of Monterey County has increased 6%. The largest population growth occurred in Greenfield (16%), Marina (13%), Salinas (9%), and Monterey (9%).

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Table 3-1 lists the total land area, population, percentage change in population since 2010, and population density (in persons/per square mile) for each jurisdiction. Table 3-1: Total Land Area and Population in Monterey County Table 3-1
Total Land Area and Population in Monterey County
Jurisdiction Land Area
(Square Miles)
Population
(2020)
Population
Density
Population
(2010)
Percent
Change
Incorporated Cities 67.06 334,553 4,988.9 314,844 6%
Carmel-by-the-Sea 1.08 3,220 2,981.5 3,722 -13%
Del Rey Oaks 0.48 1,592 3,316.7 1,624 -2%
Gonzales 1.92 8,647 4,503.6 8,187 6%
Greenfield 2.14 18,937 8,849.1 16,330 16%
King City 3.84 13,332 3,471.9 12,874 4%
Marina 8.88 22,359 2,517.9 19,718 13%
Monterey 8.47 30,218 3,567.7 27,810 9%
Pacific Grove 2.86 15,090 5,276.2 15,041 0%
Salinas 23.18 163,542 7,055.3 150,441 9%
Sand City 0.56 325 580.4 334 -3%
Seaside 9.24 32,366 3,502.8 33,025 -2%
Soledad 4.41 24,925 5,651.9 25,738 -3%
Unincorporated Areas 3,213 104,482 32.5 100,213 4%
Aromas 4.75 2,708 570.1 1,358 99%
Boronda 0.55 1,760 3,200 1,710 3%
Bradley 0.09 69 766.7 93 -26%
Carmel Valley Village 19.20 4,524 235.6 4,407 3%
Castroville 1.06 7,515 7,089.6 6,481 16%
Chualar 0.63 1,185 1,881.0 1,190 0%
Del Monte Forest 10.65 4,204 394.7 4,514 -7%
Elkhorn 4.83 1,588 328.8 1,565 1%
Las Lomas 1.04 3,046 2,928.8 3,024 1%
Lockwood 10.91 368 33.7 379 -3%
Moss Landing 0.60 237 395.0 204 16%
Pajaro 0.93 2,882 3,098.9 3,070 -6%
Pine Canyon 3.34 1,871 560.2 1,822 3%
Prunedale 46.20 18,885 408.8 17,560 8%
San Ardo 0.45 392 871.1 517 -24%
San Lucas 0.39 324 830.8 269 20%
Spreckels 0.12 692 5,766.7 673 3%
Other Unincorporated 3,107 52,232 16.8 51,377 2%
Total 3,280 439,035 133.9 415,057 6%
Source: US Census Bureau, 2020 Census & 2010 Census
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Monterey County’s population growth has been fairly constant for the past 30 years, increasing steadily since the 1980s. Population projections for Monterey County ranging from 2030 to 2060, according to the California Department of Finance, are: 464,124 (2030); 477,265 (2040); 481,305 (2050); and 476,734 (2060). 1

3.3.1 DEMOGRAPHICS
Note: Since full 2020 Census Data was not available at the time of this plan, the remainder of the section summarizes the most up-to-date information for Monterey County according to the 2015-2019 American Community Survey (ACS) performed by the US Census Bureau, except where noted.

The median age of Monterey County residents is 34.4 years. Monterey County’s population is relatively young with 50.8% of residents under the age of 34. The next largest age group consists of adults between the ages of 35-59 comprising 30.7% of the population. Older adults ages 60+ make up about 13% of the population.

The gender makeup of the county is 51% male and 49% female. The racial makeup is approximately 53.3% White, 5.6% Asian, 2.6% Black or African American, 0.7% American Indian or Alaskan Native, and 0.5% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race makes up 58.7% of the county population.

Figure 3-2 summarizes the demographics of the population of Monterey County.

Figure 3-2
Monterey County Demographics
Figure 3-2: Monterey County Demographics
1 California Department of Finance, Population Projections COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-10 COMMUNITY PROFILE
There are approximately 127,155 households in Monterey County with an average household size of 3.3 persons. Married couples make up 52.5% of households and cohabiting couple comprise 7.8% of households. 15.3% of households have a male householder and 24.4% have a female householder, with no spouse/partner present.
78% of Monterey County residents are US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93% and the state average of 87%. In 2017, the percentage of US citizens in Monterey County was 77.4%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing. Immigrants comprise about 30% of the total population, and at 21%, Monterey County has the highest percentage of non-citizens of any county in California. The County’s immigrant population, including undocumented immigrants, is a critical component of the local labor force, especially for the agriculture, and hospitality industries.

3.3.2 INCOME
Per capita income in Monterey County continues to be at the low end of the spectrum in comparison to the statewide average and nearby counties. In 2019, the County had a per capita personal income of $30,073 and a median household income of $71,015 annually. 81.9% of households received earnings exclusive of social security and retirement income, with an average income amount of $91,308. 30% of households received Social Security with the average income amount of $19,147 and 17.6% of households received retirement income with the average income of $37,254. These income sources are not mutually exclusive; that is, some households received income from more than one source.

3.3.3 EDUCATION
The education system in Monterey County primarily consists of a public school system headed by the Monterey County Office of Education (MCOE). MCOE was established more than 150 years ago by California’s Constitution and supports 24 school districts, two community colleges, and a state university. Data from the California Department of Education2 indicates that in Monterey County, 2019-20 enrollment in K-12 Public Schools was 77,387. After experiencing continuous declines in enrollment growth, the County’s K-12 enrollment began growing steadily in 2009 and has grown by 6.7% since then. However, in 2020 enrollment declined by 0.7% from the previous year. Between 2019 and 2020, Monterey County's high school graduation rate increased from 83.5% to 84.5%. In 2017-18, the college going rate was 67.7% compared to the State’s rate of 65.2%.

Higher Education and Research Institutions
Approximately 71.5% of people 25 years and over in Monterey County have graduated from high school and 24.7% had a bachelor's degree or higher. 2 California Department of Education, DataQuest
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Monterey County is home to a range of institutions of higher learning, both public and private, large, and small, general, and highly focused institutions, particularly related to marine research. The higher education and research institutions located in the County contribute to the local economy, directly employing more than 15,000 faculty, staff, and researchers.

Institutions in the County include:
• Brandman University
• Cabrillo College
• California Department of Fish & Wildlife (CDFW) Marine Region • California State University, Monterey Bay
• Central Coast College
• Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center
• Defense Manpower Data Center
• Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve
• Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center, US Navy • Golden Gate University
• Hartnell College
• Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University
• Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey • Monterey Bay Aquarium
• Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)
• Monterey College of Law
• Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
• Monterey Peninsula College
• Moss Landing Marine Lab, California State University (7 campuses) • Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory (NOAA)
• Panetta Institute for Public Policy
• National Weather Service (NOAA)
• Naval Postgraduate School
• Naval Research Laboratory
• US Geological Survey (USGS), Pacific Science Center
• University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC)

3.4 HOUSING
Of the approximately 141,820 housing units in Monterey County, an estimated 90% are occupied, and 10% are vacant. Of the total housing units, 69% are in single-unit structures, 27% are in multi-unit structures, and 5% are mobile homes. 23.5% of housing units were built since 1990, and 28% were built prior to 1960. Of all occupied housing units, about 50% were moved into since 2010. Of the 127,155 occupied housing units, 51%, 64,900 units are owner-occupied COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-12 COMMUNITY PROFILE
and 49%, 62,255 units are renter occupied. This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 64%, but similar to the state average of 54.8%. Table 3-2 shows the ownership percentage in Monterey County compared its parent and neighboring geographies.

Table 3-2: Home Ownership in Monterey County Compared to Other Jurisdictions Table 3-2
Home Ownership in Monterey County Compared to Other Jurisdictions Jurisdiction Owner-Occupied Renter-Occupied
Monterey County, California 51% 49%
United States 64% 36%
California 54.8% 45.2%
Fresno County, California 53.3% 46.7%
Kings County, California 52.3% 47.7%
San Benito County, California 63.7% 36.3%
San Luis Obispo County, California 61.6% 38.4%
Santa Cruz County, California 60.1% 39.9%
Source: 2015-2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Date Profile The median housing value of owner-occupied units is $516,600 and 67% of owner-occupied units had a mortgage. The median monthly housing costs for mortgaged owners was $2,265 and $593 for non-mortgaged owners, 31% of owners with mortgages and 12% of owners without mortgages spent 35% or more of household income on housing costs. The median gross rent in the County was $1,495 and 44.5% of renters spent 35% or more of household income on rent. About 88.2% of County residents were living in the same residence one year earlier. 5.8% of people had moved during the past year from another residence in the County,

3.3% from another county in California, 1.9% from another state, and 0.8% from abroad.

Geographic Mobility
Monterey County is connected to the north and south by US Highway 101 and State Route 1 and is connected to the Central Valley by State Routes 156 and 198. State Route 68 connects Salinas with the Monterey Peninsula and State Route 145 provides access to the Pinnacles National Recreation Area. The Monterey Peninsula Airport provides regular flights to San Francisco, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Denver, and Las Vegas. Four carriers currently provide service from Monterey and provide 40 flights in and out daily. AMTRAK serves Monterey County daily north and south with a station in Salinas. The County is also served by Greyhound Bus Lines.

3.5 LOCAL ECONOMY
Monterey County’s economy is primarily based upon tourism in the coastal regions and agriculture in the Salinas Valley. In 2019, The total GDP in Monterey County was approximately $24.5 billion. Of the sectors in Monterey County, Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting contributed the largest portion of GDP, almost $5 billion. The next-largest contributions came COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-13 COMMUNITY PROFILE
from Real Estate and Rental and Leasing, about $3 billion, Public Administration, about $2.1 billion, and Health Care and Social Assistance, about $2 billion.

Agriculture
Monterey County is one of the nation’s top agricultural producers. Agriculture is the County’s largest sector in terms of economic output and employment. As such, it represents a vital link to both the County’s cultural past and competitive future. Agriculture touches nearly every facet of life in Monterey County. From lettuce in the Salinas Valley, artichokes in Castroville, berries in north Monterey County, or vineyards in the Carmel Valley, agriculture shapes County life. Monterey County is known as “The Salad Bowl of the World” and crops grown in the County supply large percentages of total national pounds produced each year: 61% of leaf lettuce, 57% of celery, 56% of head lettuce, 48% of broccoli, 38% of spinach, 30% of cauliflower, 28% of strawberries, and 3.6% of wine grapes. Monterey County farmers are among the most productive and efficient in the world, growing more than 150 crops. 3 In 2019, Monterey County agriculture accounted for a production value of over $4.4 billion, which was 3.6% over the previous year. Agriculture contributes a total of $11.7 billion in economic output. The $11.7 billion in economic output consists of $7.4 billion in direct economic output and $4.3 billion in additional economic output in the form of multiplier effects, over $31 million per day. Local agriculture accounts for more than 63,921 jobs in Monterey County with 57,503 being direct employees and 6,417 additional jobs made possible through expenditures by agricultural companies and their employees. One in five jobs in Monterey County directly attributable to the agricultural industry. 4 Tourism & Hospitality
Monterey County has long been a tourist destination attracting nearly 4.6 million visitors annually. The County has a worldwide reputation with widely recognized destinations such as Big Sur, Pebble Beach, Carmel-by-the-Sea, and Monterey – and attractions such as Monterey Bay Aquarium, National Steinbeck Center, 17-Mile Drive, Cannery Row, Fisherman’s Wharf, Pinnacles National Park, and the Monterey Wine Country. Tourism spending accounts for approximately $3 billion annually, supporting 27,000 jobs and generating $153 million in local tax revenue. 5 Visitors enjoy a wide variety of recreational activities including golf, beaches, scuba diving, sailing, kayaking, whale watching, fishing, camping, horseback riding, skydiving, hiking, biking, art galleries, exhibits, music, and theatre. Nearly 300 special events take place in Monterey County annually, including AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am Golf Tournament, Monterey Jazz Festival, races at WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca, Concours d'Elegance, Big Sur Marathon and other food, wine, cultural and family festivals. 3 Facts, Figures & FAQs, Monterey County Farm Bureau 4 Economic Contributions of Monterey County Agriculture, Agricultural Commissioner’s Office (June 2020) 5 2020-2021 Annual Report, Monterey County Convention & Visitors Bureau COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-14 COMMUNITY PROFILE

3.6 EMPLOYMENT
Monterey County’s civilian labor force includes approximately 197,404 persons, or about 45% of the County’s total population. 76.4% of the civilian workforce is private wage and salary workers; 15.2% are government workers; and 8.1% are self-employed in their own businesses.

Monterey County’s annual unemployment rate in 2020 was 10.8%. The most common industries in Monterey County, by number of employees, are Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining & Hunting (55,033 workers), Health Care & Social Assistance (22,297 workers), and Accommodation & Food Services (21,287 workers). Compared to other counties, Monterey County, has an unusually high number of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting industry (20x higher than expected). Sectors with the highest average wages per worker are Utilities ($123,326), Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction ($103,601), and Finance and Insurance ($87,368). 6 Figure 3-3 shows the breakdown of the labor force by industry.

Figure 3-3
Monterey County Labor Force Breakdown, By Industry
Figure 3-3: Monterey County Labor Force Breakdown, By Industry Source: Monterey County Workforce Development Board
Compared to the national average, Monterey County has an unusually high number of residents working in Farming, Fishing, & Forestry Occupations (32 times higher than expected), Building & Grounds Cleaning & Maintenance Occupations, and Food Preparation & Serving Related Occupations.

According to the State of California Employment Development Department’s Labor Market Division, Monterey County’s local economic strength lies in occupations that generally pay lower wages, explaining why the per capita income levels are relatively low compared to nearby counties. In Monterey County, 18% of the labor force consists of occupations in Farming, 6 Economic Overview: Monterey County, Monterey County Workforce Development Board (November 30, 2020) COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-15 COMMUNITY PROFILE
Fishing, and Forestry. In the first quarter of 2020, the mean hourly wage was $15.46 per hour.

The second highest occupational category is Office and Administrative Support, accounting for 10% of the workforce with a mean wage of $22.36 per hour. Food Preparation and ServingRelated occupations represent the third largest share of Monterey County’s employment, with 10% and a mean wage of $15.37 per hour. The top three occupations in Monterey County represent 38% of all employment.

Monterey County continues its efforts to attract more highly skilled jobs to the local economy by encouraging its residents to seek higher educational opportunities that will in turn create a more highly skilled labor force. Occupations in with the highest average wages per worker are Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations ($121,200), Management Occupations ($119,400), and Legal Occupations ($116,500). Inflow/Outflow job data from 2018 indicates the majority of employees (113,458) live and work in Monterey County. Figure 3-4 summarizes inflow/outflow job data for Monterey County.

Figure 3-4
Inflow/Outflow Job Counts in 2018 for Monterey County Figure 3-4: Inflow/ Outflow Job Counts in 2018 for Monterey County Source: United States Census Bureau, Job-to-Job Flows (J2J) Recent forecasts suggest that agriculture will continue to provide the greatest number of new jobs, but post-secondary education and specialized business services, both key components of the expanding technology sector of the County, will show the highest percentage growth over the next several years. Table 3-3 summarizes projected change in number of jobs in 2026 based on occupation from a 2016 baseline.

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Table 3-3: Projected Change in Occupation in Monterey County Table 3-3
Projected Change in Occupation in Monterey County
Occupation 2016
Employment
2026
Employment
Percent
Change
Management Occupations 14,280 15,920 +11.5%
Business & Financial Operations Occupations 5,520 6,020 +9.1% Computer & Mathematical Occupations 2,080 2,310 +11.1%
Architecture & Engineering Occupations 1,150 1,270 +10.4% Life, Physical & Social Science Occupations 1,620 1,760 +8.6% Community & Social Service Occupations 2,230 2,590 +16.1% Legal Occupations 890 970 +9%
Education, Training & Library Occupations 13,240 15,130 +14.3% Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, & Media Occupations 2,350 2,570 +9.4% Healthcare Practitioners & Technical Occupations 6,990 8,310 +18.9% Healthcare Support Occupations 3,050 3,630 +19%
Protective Service Occupations 4,450 270 -4%
Food Preparation & Serving Related Occupations 17,200 19,340 +12.4% Building/Grounds Cleaning & Maintenance Occupations 7,970 8,970 +12.5% Personal Care & Service Occupations 8,260 10,520 +27.4% Sales & Related Occupations 16,080 16,840 +4.7%
Office & Administrative Support Occupations 20,990 21,710 +3.4% Farming, Fishing & Forestry Occupations 45,580 55,590 +22% Construction & Extraction Occupations 6,340 7,420 +17%
Installation, Maintenance & Repair Occupations 6,870 7,490 +9% Production Occupations 5,200 5,590 +7.5%
Transportation & Material Moving Occupations 11,120 12,560 +12.9% Total 203,460 226,780
Source: California Employment Development Department

3.7 SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
Social vulnerability refers to the resilience of communities when confronted by external stresses, including natural or human-caused disasters. Characteristics of a population can serve as an important gauge of everything from evacuation compliance to successful long-term recovery, therefore reducing social vulnerability can decrease both human suffering and economic loss. Geographic patterns of potential population vulnerability to disaster can be used to inform mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Considering social vulnerability is an important step in establishing a Whole Community approach to emergency management and hazard mitigation.

Hazard exposure alone does not fully explain disaster resilience; characteristics including age, ethnicity, race, income, household structure, language, employment, home & car ownership, COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-17 COMMUNITY PROFILE
health, population density, insurance, and citizenship, can also impact how well a person manages hazard risks. For the purposes of this plan, the CDC’s Social Vulnerability Index (2016), was used to assess the vulnerability of the community. The Index uses US Census data to determine the social vulnerability of census tracts. The Index ranks each tract on 15 social factors, including poverty, lack of vehicle access, and crowded housing. Each tract receives an overall ranking. Figure 3-5 shows overall Social Vulnerability by census tract in the County.

Figure 3-5
Overall Social Vulnerability in Monterey County
Figure 3-5: Overall Social Vulnerability Index in Monterey County The index also groups tracts into four related themes and ranks them by theme. The four themes used by the CDC Social Vulnerability Index include:
• Socioeconomic Status • Minority Status and Language
• Household Composition and Disability • Housing Type and Transportation COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-18 COMMUNITY PROFILE

3.7.1 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
The Socioeconomic Status Theme consists of income, poverty, employment, and education variables. Economically disadvantaged populations are disproportionately affected by disasters and are less likely to have the income or assets needed to prepare for a possible disaster, respond to, or to recover after a disaster. Although the monetary value of their property may be less than that of other households, it likely represents a larger proportion of total household assets. For these households, lost property is proportionately more expensive to replace, especially without homeowner’s or renter’s insurance. Figure 3-6 shows overall ranking by census tract on the Social Vulnerability Index Socioeconomic Status Theme in Monterey County.

Figure 3-6
CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Socioeconomic Status in Monterey County Figure 3-6: CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Socioeconomic Status Approximately 13.1% of people in the County are in poverty; about the same rate as California (13.4%) and the in US (13.1%). 9.6% of families are below the poverty line. 19.4% of children under 18 are below the poverty level, compared with 8% of people 65 years old and over. The largest demographic living in poverty is Females, with no spouse and a child under 18 (35%).

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in the County is Hispanic, followed by White and Other.

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Approximately, 2% of residents received cash public assistance benefits, averaging $4,533 annually. Monterey County has the highest yearly enrollment when compared to its neighboring counties (1,915 participants in 2018-2019) in CalWORKS, which provides financial assistance to families. About 7% of residents received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Monterey County has 18,961 housesholds participating, in CalFresh, which supplements the food budget of low-income households to meet their nutritional needs.

3.7.2 HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION AND DISABILITY
The Household Composition and Disability Theme is composed of age, single parenting, and disability variables. Household composition is defined here to include dependent children less than 18 years of age, persons aged 65 years and older, and single-parent households. Also included are people with disabilities. People in any of these categories are likelier to require financial support, transportation, medical care, or assistance during disasters. Children and elders are the most vulnerable groups in disasters. Children, especially younger children, cannot protect themselves during a disaster because they lack the needed resources and knowledge to effectively cope with the situation. Figure 3-7 shows overall ranking by census tract on the CDC Social Vulnerability Index Household Composition and Disability Theme in Monterey County.

Figure 3-7
CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Household Composition and Disability in Monterey County Figure 3-7: CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Household Composition and Disability COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-20 COMMUNITY PROFILE
An estimated 8.8% of residents in Monterey County has a disability. 30.6% of residents 65 years of age and older had a disability. Table 3-4 summarizes the percentage of the population in Monterey County who have a disability by age group and type of disability.

Table 3-4: Percent of Noninstitutionalized County Residents with a Disability by Age Table 3-4
Percent of Noninstitutionalized Monterey County Residents with a Disability by Age Group Type of Disability Under 18 18 to 64 Years 65+ Years Total With a hearing difficulty 0.5% 1.4% 13.1% 2.7%
With a vision difficulty 0.6% 1.4% 4.8% 1.6%
With a cognitive difficulty 3.0% 2.8% 8.2% 3.6%
With an ambulatory difficulty 0.6% 2.9% 18.7% 4.7%
With a self-care difficulty 1.0% 1.3% 8.2% 2.2%
With an independent living difficulty n/a 2.5% 13.2% 4.5% Total Persons with Disabilities 3.1% 6.6% 30.6% 8.8%
Additionally, many residents suffer from a chronic health condition. Table 3-5 summarize ageadjusted prevalence rates from chronic conditions in Monterey County.

Table 3-5: Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions of Adults Aged 18 and Over Table 3-5
Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions of Adults Aged 18 and Over 7 Health Condition Age-Adjusted Prevalence Rate
Arthritis 21.6%
High Blood Pressure 28.8%
Cancer1 5.7%
Asthma 9.2%
Coronary Heart Disease 6%
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 6%
Diabetes 10.8%
High Cholesterol2 29.6%
Chronic Kidney Disease 3.1% 1
Excludes skin cancer
2 Among adults who have been screened in the past 5 years Source: Centers for Disease Control, PLACES: Local Data for Better Health, County Data, 2020

3.7.3 MINORITY STATUS AND LANGUAGE
The Minority Status and Language Theme is composed of race, ethnicity, and English language proficiency variables. The social and economic marginalization of certain racial and ethnic groups has rendered these populations more vulnerable at all stages of disaster. African Americans; Native Americans; and populations of Asian, Pacific Islander, or Hispanic origin are correlated with higher vulnerability rates. In recent decades, the numbers of persons immigrating to the United States from Latin America and Asia have substantially increased.

Many immigrants are not fluent in English, and literacy rates for some groups are lower. To the 7 Centers for Disease Control, PLACES: Local Data for Better Health, County Data, 2020 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-21 COMMUNITY PROFILE
degree that immigrants have limited English proficiency, disaster communication is made increasingly difficult. Figure 3-8 shows overall ranking by census tract on the CDC Social Vulnerability Index Minority Status and Language Theme in Monterey County.

Figure 3-8
CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Minority Status and Language Theme in Monterey County Figure 3-8: CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Minority Status and Language As of 2015, data from the Department of Justice indicates that 109,286 people, 28.2% of residents in Monterey County have limited English proficiency. 91% of the population with limited English proficiency speak Spanish. The next most common language spoken was Tagalog, account for 2.1% of the limited English proficiency population.

3.7.4 HOUSING AND TRANSPORTATION
The Housing and Transportation Theme is composed of housing structure, crowding, and vehicle access variables. Housing quality is an important factor in evaluating disaster vulnerability. It is closely tied to personal wealth; that is, poor people often live in more poorly constructed houses or mobile homes that are especially vulnerable to strong storms or COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-22 COMMUNITY PROFILE
earthquakes. Populations residing in group quarters such as college dormitories, farm workers’ dormitories, psychiatric institutions, and prisons also present special concerns during evacuation. Residents of nursing homes and long-term care facilities are especially vulnerable because of their need for specific and limited resources.

On average, farmworker incomes are less than half of the area median household income.

Some housing requirements can pose a particular challenge to farmworkers. For example, farmworkers may have difficulty establishing good credit or demonstrating long-term residency, both of which are often standard requirements in the private rental-housing market.

Substandard and structurally deficient conditions are common in farmworker housing; conditions that are often worsened by crowding or lack of affordability. The lack of an adequate, affordable housing supply forces farmworkers to live in overcrowded and unsafe housing or to seek housing in garages or other substandard structures that sometimes do not provide basic shelter or sanitation. Figure 3-9 shows overall ranking by census tract on the CDC Social Vulnerability Index Housing and Transportation Theme in Monterey County.

Figure 3-9
CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Housing and Transportation Theme in Monterey County Figure 3-9: CDC Social Vulnerability Index: Housing and Transportation COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-23 COMMUNITY PROFILE
Homeless populations are also vulnerable during disasters. As of the last comprehensive count in 20198, there were 2,422 homeless people in Monterey County. As homeless populations can be difficult to count accurately this number is most likely underestimated. Most of the homeless population, 76% is unsheltered, spending their nights outdoors, primarily in the streets or parks (22%), in their vehicle (19%), or in a tent (18%). Men (65%) are disproportionately represented in the County’s homeless population, as are Black/African American residents (25% of the homeless population, 3% of the County population). Over half of homeless survey respondents, 58%, have at least one disabling condition. 44% suffer from depression, 45% abuse drugs or alcohol, 27% have physical disabilities, 25% suffer from chronic health problems, and 23% have post-traumatic stress disorder.

3.8 LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Monterey County has a total area of 3,771 square miles, of which 13% is water. As seen in Table 3-6, Land cover data indicates that the largest land use in Monterey County is shrubland, followed by grasslands and forest land. The majority of developed land consists of low-intensity development.

Table 3-6: Land Cover in Monterey County 2018 Statistics The County and its municipal planning partners all adopt General Plans, which serve as blueprints for establishing long-range development policies, as directed with California’s General Planning Law. Decisions on land use will be governed by these plans. This hazard mitigation plan will work together with the General Plans to support wise land use in the future by providing vital information on the risk associated with natural hazards in the planning area. A 8 Monterey County Homeless Census & Survey Comprehensive Report (2019) Table 3-6
Land Cover Monterey County: 2018 Statistics
Land Cover Type1 Percent
Crops2 5.3%
Forest3 22.3%
Wetlands 1.5%
High Intensity Developed 0.6%
Low Intensity Developed 5.6%
Grassland 24.9%
Shrubland 35.4%
Fallow 2.7%
Barren 1.7%
Source: CalLands, UC Agriculture and Natural Resources (2018) 1 Percentages recalculated based on acreage to exclude water 2 All crop categories combined (Alfalfa & hay, corn, cotton, fruit trees, grain crops, grapes, other tree crops, rice, tomatoes, vegetables & fruits, walnuts, winter wheat) 3 Includes deciduous, evergreen, and mixed forest COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-24 COMMUNITY PROFILE
General Plan provides a basis for private development proposals and public projects to remain consistent with existing city, regional and state policies. The General Plan is designed to help the County and participating jurisdictions address issues related to land use, circulation(traffic), housing, open space, conservation, noise, and safety. The Land Use portion of the plan helps guide the County and participating jurisdictions in determining the location of future development(s), to include possible future annexations for municipal jurisdictions. The Safety Element of the General Plan serves to decrease risk of impact from natural hazards.

Past development that most led to the highest increases in hazard vulnerability in the County happened many decades and even more than a century ago. The County and other participating jurisdictions are well aware of areas of increased hazard risk related to older development. More recently, development in the last few decades has occurred with less hazard risk because of existing overlay of Federal, State, and local regulations.

The Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (AMBAG) estimates that to house the region’s expected population growth by 2040, an increase of approximately 24,000 housing units is needed in Monterey County. A large amount of the growth is expected to occur in South County and in the Cities of Marina and Seaside. 9 Future development may become constrained due to limited water sources, poor water quality, and geologic (landslide), fire, flood, and seismic hazards. In addition to local challenges, infrastructure problems affect entire regions.

All planning partners reviewed their General Plans under the capability assessments undertaken for this hazard mitigation plan. Deficiencies revealed by these reviews are identified as mitigation actions to decrease risks to move beyond past trends. Moreover, while past development has occurred in hazard areas to some degree, increasing hazard risks, development standards and performance measures, often times incorporated into specific plans, policy plans, and master plans, are employed to reduce risk. These development standards are continually improving and will continue to strengthen into the future.

The Safe Growth Survey, 10 a technique recommended by organizations such as the American Planning Association (APA) and FEMA, 11 was used to evaluate the extent to which each local jurisdiction in Monterey County is positioned to grow safely relative to its natural hazards. The survey was used to gain an understanding of individual jurisdiction’s land use and devolvement trends and how various comprehensive plans, capital improvement plans, and zoning and subdivision ordinances may allow growth in hazardous areas. The Safe Growth Survey was used as part of the 2013-2014 MJHMP Plan update, which allowed the survey results to be compared over time, in order to measure progress. The results indicate that municipal jurisdictions in the County are continuing to maintain the level of safe growth established in 2016. More information on the Safe Growth Survey is included in Section 20.2, Safe Growth Survey. Specific 9 2018 Regional Growth Forecast, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments (June 2018) 10 Safe Growth Audits, David R. Godschalk, FAICP (October 2009) 11 Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, Worksheet 4.2: Safe Growth Audit, FEMA (March 2013) COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 3-25 COMMUNITY PROFILE
land use and development trends, along with the Safe Growth Survey results for each participating municipal jurisdiction are included in their respective Annex in Volume 2.

Water Availability
In the coastal regions of California, access to water is a barrier to new development. Access to water is a primary constraint to development on the Monterey Peninsula. Water is supplied to most of the Monterey Peninsula through wells in Carmel Valley, dams, and a well drawing from the Seaside Aquifer. However, since 2020 a portion of the Monterey Peninsula's potable water supply has come from indirect potable reuse via the Pure Water Monterey Groundwater Replenishment Project, an effort lead by Monterey One Water. The Monterey Peninsula Water Management District has established water allocations for jurisdictions within its district and communities have distributed most of the available allocations. As a result, new development must either provide another water source such as a well or enter a waitlist for future allocations.

Fort Ord Reuse
Fort Ord was a major US Army base which closed in 1994. The former Fort Ord Military Base is located on the California coastline near the Monterey Peninsula consisting of 45 square miles and covering over 28,000 acres of land. The Fort Ord Reuse Authority (FORA), a large multigovernmental body composed of elected officials at the local, state, and federal levels, was created by the California State Legislature in 1994 with the legislatively mandated mission of overseeing replacement land use, removing physical barriers to reuse, financing and constructing major components of the required infrastructure and protecting identified environmental reserves.

The property was divided among the City of Seaside, City of Marina, and unincorporated Monterey County. This reuse has resulted in the expanding of the cities of Marina, Del Rey Oaks, and Seaside, and adding area to be developed by Monterey County. 69% of the total acreage has been dedicated to recreational/open space. About 1,000 acres were used to create the Fort Ord Dunes State Park and approximately 15,000 acres were dedicated by President Obama for the Fort Ord National Monument. The Fort Ord National Monument consists of nearly 23 square miles of undeveloped natural wildlands and is open to the public and managed by the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.

Many other areas have been converted from military to civilian land uses under the direction of FORA. While many old military buildings and infrastructure remain abandoned, many others have been demolished. Notable developments include the cleanup of Army munitions from thousands of acres of land, the California State University Monterey Bay (CSUMB) campus, the UC-Santa Cruz Monterey Bay Education, Science and Technology Center (MBEST), the Veterans Transition Center, residential subdivisions, shopping centers, health clinics, new military facilities, and a nature preserve. FORA legislatively terminated on June 30, 2020. The responsibility for the area and undeveloped land now falls to the individual jurisdictions of Seaside, Marina, Del Rey Oaks, Marina Coast Water District, and the Monterey County.

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PART | B
B
PART B: HAZARD PROFILES AND

RISK ASSESSMENT

THIS PART IDENTIFIES, PROFILES, AND ASSESSES THE HAZARDS THAT COULD AFFECT MONTEREY COUNTY. IT CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS:

4. RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS 12. HUMAN CAUSED HAZARDS

5. AGRICULTURAL EMERGENCIES 13. PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS

6. COASTAL EROSION 14. SEVERE WEATHER

7. DAM & LEVEE FAILURE 15. SLOPE FAILURE

8. DROUGHT 16. TSUNAMI

9. EARTHQUAKE 17. UTILITY INTERRUPTION

10. FLOODING 18. WILDFIRE

11. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT 19. CLIMATE CHANGE
COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PART | B

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COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 4-1 RISK ASSESSMENT

4. RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS
As defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), risk is the potential for damage, loss, or other impacts created by the interaction of hazards with community assets.

The risk assessment process measures the potential loss to a community, including loss of life, personal injury, property damage, and economic injury resulting from a hazard event. This information provides a framework for a community to develop and prioritize mitigation strategies and plans to help reduce both the risk and vulnerability from future hazard events.

The FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook identifies four steps for conducting a risk assessment:

1. Identify & Describe Hazards

2. Identify Community Assets

3. Analyze Risks

4. Summarize Vulnerability
The risk assessment for this hazard mitigation plan update evaluates the risk of hazards prevalent in Monterey County and meets requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act and 44 CFR, Section 201.6(c)(2).

4.1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
The first step in the planning process was to identify the threats and hazards of concern in Monterey County, based on a combination of experience, forecasting, subject matter expertise, COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 4-2 RISK ASSESSMENT
and other available resources. This supported the development of a list of threats and hazards that could affect the community. Hazards were categorized as follows:
• Natural hazards are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events which can be geophysical (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic activity), hydrological (avalanches and floods), climatological (extreme temperatures, drought, and wildfires), meteorological (cyclones and storms/wave surges), or biological (disease epidemics and insect/animal plagues). • Technological hazards are generally accidental or result from events with unintended consequences (for example, an accidental hazardous materials release). • Human Caused Hazards result from the intentional actions of an adversary, such as a threatened or actual terrorism, chemical attack, biological attack, or cyber incident.

The Steering Committee considered the full range of hazards that could affect the County and then listed hazards that present the greatest concern. The process incorporated a review of state and local hazard planning documents, as well as information on the frequency of, magnitude of, and costs associated with hazards that have struck or could strike the County.

Anecdotal information regarding natural hazards and the perceived vulnerability of the County’s assets to them was also used. Table 4-1 summarizes the hazards of concern this plan will address.

Table 4-1: Hazards of Concern
Table 4-1
Hazards of Concern
Hazard Reason for Inclusion
Agricultural
Emergencies
Agriculture is an economic driver in the County and is at risk to many hazards such as insects, weeds, wildfire, and severe weather.

Coastal Erosion
Parts of the County are located on the Ocean and are subject to erosion risk. Coastal erosion can create hazardous conditions, threatens dune habitat, and poses a threat to the agriculture and tourism industries. Sea level rise is likely to exacerbate erosion risk.

Dam & Levee Failure
Several large and aging dams are in the County, in addition to many miles of levees. Dam failure can be catastrophic to all life and property downstream.

Drought
Droughts are a serious threat and could have devastating impacts on agriculture. Previous droughts have caused major economic damage to the agricultural industry and prolonged periods of drought can reduce water availability and increase water prices.

Earthquake
Several active faults, including the San Andreas Fault, run through the County. Due to the location of population centers and building history, any earthquake will likely have significant impacts on people, property, and critical infrastructure. An earthquake could also trigger other natural hazard events such as dam failures and landslides, which could severely impact the County.

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Table 4-1
Hazards of Concern
Hazard Reason for Inclusion
Flooding
Flooding is a major hazard and is associated with many of the largest and most damaging historical hazard events. The history of flooding is associated with coastal storms, heavy rainfall, flash flooding, and run-off. Increased impervious surfaces, the channelization of streams, and increased development in floodplains has resulted in intensified flood flows and more property and lives at risk.

Coastal Flooding Coastal flooding is generally associated with winter storms, high tides, and strong winds and is a significant hazard on the coastline.

Riverine Flooding Riverine flooding, notably along the Salinas, Carmel, and Pajaro Rivers, has caused damage in the County.

Flash Flooding Flash flooding occurs quickly with little to no warning and can cause serious damage in the County.

Localized Stormwater
Flooding
Drainage systems in the County have a finite capacity and prolonged heavy rainfall has contributed to flooding in more urbanized areas.

Hazardous Materials
Incidents
The County contains large industrial facilities, major transportation routes, agricultural operations, harbors, pipelines, and oil fields, all of which have the potential to cause a hazardous materials release.

Human Caused-Hazards
Although not required, human-caused hazards were included since preparation for them involves many of the same resources as a natural hazard. The likelihood of these hazard is greater than that of several of the natural hazards identified in this Plan.

Cyber-Attack
The spectrum of cyber-risks is limitless, with threats having a wide range of effects. Cyber-attacks can originate from any computer in the world and effect any system that is connected to the Internet.

Targeted Violence Mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) and active shooters can cause loss of life serious injuries, and associated property damage.

Terrorism
Terrorism can cause loss of life, widespread illness and injury, the destruction of property, the displacement of large numbers of people, and devastating economic losses.

Mass Migration Population migration of large scales can lead to resource pressures and can exacerbate existing instability.

Public Health Hazards
All of the County is susceptible to public health hazards. A large disease outbreak could have devastating effects on the population.

Health hazards can also have large economic effects and complicate response efforts to other natural hazard events.

Epidemic Due to increased air travel and growing population, the probability and threat of a communicable disease outbreak is growing.

Pandemic
While the probability of a major infectious disease pandemic is relatively low, it can have catastrophic social and economic consequences, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Table 4-1
Hazards of Concern
Hazard Reason for Inclusion
Severe Weather
Severe weather has previously caused damage in Monterey County.

Due to the size of the County and changes in elevation and climate, weather conditions and their impacts can vary greatly. Severe weather events are also associated with a variety of secondary hazards, which have the potential to greatly impact the County.

Severe Winter Storms
Severe winter storms have caused damage in the County and can lead to immobility and loss of utilities. Heavy rain can have significant impacts, including flash flooding and mudslides.

Extreme Cold & Freeze
Extreme cold and freeze events have impacted the County. Freeze can have a devastating effect on agriculture. Prolonged exposure to cold can cause frostbite or hypothermia and can be life-threatening.

Windstorms
Windstorms are a frequent problem in the County and have been associated with injuries and fatalities. Windstorms can topple trees and cause damage to utilities and critical facilities.

Extreme Heat Extreme heat has caused fatalities in the County and is associated with a variety of health-related issues.

Sea Level Rise
Rising sea levels will increase the likelihood and intensity of floods., as well as lead to increased coastal and fluvial flooding, increased tidal inundation, coastal erosion, tsunami inundation, seawater intrusion, and worsened storm surge. (Profiled in Climate Change) Slope Failure
The County is vulnerable to slope instability, especially after prolonged rainfalls and in areas recently burned by wildfires. Slope failure is a common occurrence and has caused damage to homes, public facilities, and roads. In Big Sur, landslides have caused millions of dollars in damage and have led to lengthy closures of Highway 1.

Tsunami Several areas of the County are located in mapped tsunami inundation zones. Tsunamis are a threat to life and property.

Utility Interruption
Equipment failures and electrical infrastructure igniting wildfires has resulted in blackouts and power shutoffs throughout the County.

Loss of power for more than a few hours can result in large economic losses and have large effects on vulnerable populations.

Space Weather
Space weather can cause damage to critical infrastructure, especially the electric grid. The effects can be far-reaching, as virtually all infrastructure and services depend on the electric power grid.

Wildfire
The geography, terrain, weather patterns and vegetation in the County provide ideal conditions for recurring wildfires and rapid spread. Past wildfires have caused damage to critical infrastructure, property, and the environment, and have led to injuries and loss of life. The County is likely to face a wildfire threat each and every year and can expect a large fire to occur every few years.

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In addition to the hazards listed above, climate change was assessed as both a hazard and as exacerbating other hazards profiled in this Plan. Sea level rise risk is profiled within the climate change section, in addition to the increased risk of the following hazards:
• Agricultural Emergencies- The Salinas Valley is one of the most vulnerable agricultural regions to climate change. The amounts, forms, and distribution of precipitation, as well as the increased frequency and intensity of climate extremes, will affect water availability as well as pests, crop yields, and the length of the growing season. • Dam & Levee Failure- Dams and levees are designed partly based on assumptions about a river’s flow behavior. Changes in weather patterns can have significant effects on the behavior of rivers and these changes could conceivably cause a dam or levee to lose some or all of its designed margin of safety.
• Drought- With a warmer climate, droughts could become more frequent, more severe, and longer lasting, thereby increasing their impact on the County. • Earthquake- The impacts of global climate change on earthquake probability are unknown, but secondary impacts of earthquakes could be magnified by climate change. • Flooding- Climate change is likely to exacerbate the intensity and magnitude of precipitation events, increasing the risk associated with flooding. High frequency flood events in particular will likely increase with a changing climate. • Human-Caused Hazards- Climate change could lead to increases in violence and cause increases in climate induced migration.
• Public Health Hazards- Rising temperatures and more extreme drought events could lead to increases in heat-related illness, as well as vector-borne and infectious diseases. • Severe Weather- Extreme heat waves are likely to increase in probability due to climate change. Atmospheric river events, the dominant driver of locally extreme rainfall events and associated flooding, are expected to increase under projected climate change. • Slope Failure- Climate change will likely affect storm patterns, the occurrence and duration of droughts, and the probability of wildfire, which are all factors that would increase the probability of landslide occurrence.
• Tsunami- It is unclear if climate change would increase the frequency of tsunamis, but when a tsunami occurs the effects of climate change could lead to more destructive waves and inundation areas would likely reach further than current mapping indicates. • Wildfire- Climate change has the potential to affect multiple elements of the wildfire system: fire behavior, ignitions, fire management, and vegetation fuels.

Excluded Hazards
Other hazards were noted by the Steering Committee and the public to potentially consider in the MJHMP update. Some of these hazards have the potential to do damage or harm but were determined to not have a significant enough effect, so they are not profiled further; in some cases, they are currently addressed in other planning mechanisms or have had limited historic impacts. Table 4-2 lists the hazards excluded from this Plan.

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Table 4-2: Excluded Hazards
Table 4-2
Excluded Hazards
Hazard Type Explanation
Avalanche Monterey County is not located in area prone to frequent or significant snowfall.

Blizzard Monterey County is not located in area prone to frequent or significant snowfall.

Cyclone No historic events have occurred in Monterey County.

Ice Storm The County does not reach temperatures low enough with enough frequency for an ice storm to pose a major threat.

Limnic Eruption No historic events have occurred in Monterey County.

Civil Unrest This is a risk in Monterey County but is more appropriately dealt with in other planning mechanisms.

Expansive Soils No historic events have occurred in Monterey County.

Glacier Movement/ Collapse There are no glaciers in Monterey County.

Human-Wildlife Conflicts This is a risk in Monterey County but is more appropriately dealt with in other planning mechanisms.

Hurricane No significant historic events have occurred in the County.

Maritime Incidents This is a risk in Monterey County but is more appropriately dealt with in other planning mechanisms.

Plane Crash This is a risk in Monterey County but is more appropriately dealt with in other planning mechanisms.

Sinkholes No significant historic events have occurred in the County.

Supply Chain Interruptions This is a risk in Monterey County but is more appropriately dealt with in other planning mechanisms.

Volcano Due to distance from volcanoes and the limited chance of an eruption, this hazard was not identified as a priority.

4.1.1 DISASTER DECLARATION HISTORY
One important consideration in identifying and prioritizing hazards is past major hazard events, especially those that triggered federal, state, or local disaster declarations. Most available information on major past hazard events comes from past disaster declarations. If a local government determines effects of an emergency are beyond the capability of local resources to mitigate effectively, the local government may proclaim a local emergency. Pursuant to California Government Code Section 8680.9, a local emergency is a condition of extreme peril to persons or property proclaimed as such by the governing body of the local agency affected by a natural or manmade disaster. The purpose of a local emergency proclamation is to provide extraordinary police powers, immunity for emergency actions, authorize issuance of orders and regulations, activate pre-established emergency provisions, and is a prerequisite for requesting state or federal assistance.

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Pursuant to California Government Code Section 8625, the Governor may proclaim a State of Emergency in an area affected by a disaster, when he is requested to do so by the governing body of the local agency affected, or he finds the local authority is inadequate to cope with the emergency. The California Disaster Assistance Act (CDAA) provides state financial assistance for recovery efforts to local governments after a state disaster has been declared.

If the severity and magnitude of an event surpasses the ability of the local and state government to respond and recover, the Governor can request federal assistance. Based on the Governor’s request, the President may declare that a major disaster or emergency exists, thus activating an array of Federal programs to assist in the response and recovery effort. There are two types of disaster declarations provided for in the Stafford Act: Emergency Declarations and Major Disaster Declarations. Both declaration types authorize the President to provide supplemental federal disaster assistance. However, the event related to the disaster declaration and type and amount of assistance differ.
• Emergency Declarations: An Emergency Declaration can be declared for any occasion or instance when the President determines federal assistance is needed. Emergency Declarations supplement State and local efforts in providing emergency services, or to lessen or avert the threat of a catastrophe in any part of the US. The total amount of assistance provided for a single emergency may not exceed $5 million. • Major Declaration: The President can declare a Major Disaster Declaration for any natural event, including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, or drought, or, regardless of cause, fire, flood, or explosion, that the President believes has caused damage of such severity that it is beyond the combined capabilities of state and local governments to respond. A major disaster declaration provides a wide range of federal assistance programs for individuals and public infrastructure, including funds for both emergency and permanent work.

Not all programs, however, are activated for every disaster. The determination of which programs are authorized is based the types of assistance specified and, on the needs, identified during Preliminary Damage Assessments. FEMA disaster assistance programs are as follows:
• Individual Assistance: Assistance to individuals and households • Public Assistance: Assistance to state and local governments for emergency work and the repair or replacement of disaster damaged facilities • Hazard Mitigation Assistance: Assistance to state and local governments for actions taken to prevent or reduce long term risk to life and property from natural hazards.

Additionally, the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 authorized the Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) program, which provides for the mitigation, management, and control of fires that threaten such destruction as would constitute a major disaster. The purpose of FMAG is to provide supplemental federal assistance to states and local government to fight fires burning COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 4-8 RISK ASSESSMENT
on public (non-federal) or privately owned forest or grassland. A Local or State fire agency must request an FMAG through the Cal OES Fire and Rescue Branch or the California State Warning Center while the fire is burning uncontrolled. The federal government may also issue a disaster declaration through the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Small Business Administration (SBA). The SBA can make federally subsidized loans to repair or replace homes, personal property or businesses that sustained damages not covered by insurance. The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized can declare a disaster to make emergency loans available to producers suffering losses in declared counties and in counties that are contiguous to a designated county.

As summarized in Table 4-3, since 1990, Monterey County has experienced a total of 55 emergencies, resulting in a local, state, or federal disaster declaration, 14 of which were major federally declared disasters. This information, coupled with local historical and anecdotal information, helped inform the hazard identification process.

Table 4-3: Disaster Proclamations and Declarations (1990-2021) Table 4-3
Disaster Proclamations and Declarations (1990-2021)
Year Declaration Type Incident Type Description FEMA # CDAA # Local # 2021 State and Local
Emergency Drought Drought 2021 21-189
2021 State and Local
Emergency Severe Storms Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Mudslides, and Erosion 2021 21-033 2020 Major Disaster Wildfire August 2020 Wildfires DR-4558 2020-06 2020 Local Emergency Wildfire Dolan Fire 20-283
2020 Fire Management Wildfire Carmel Fire FM-5333 2020-06 2020 Fire Management Wildfire River Fire FM-5329 2020-06 20-277 2020 Local Emergency Flood Salinas River Lagoon Flooding 20-309 2020 Major Disaster Public Health COVID-19 Pandemic DR-4482 2020-01 20-060 2019 Local Emergency Flood Carmel River & Lagoon Flooding 19-016 2019 State and Local
Emergency Flood Atmospheric River, Chualar Flash Flood, and Carmel River Flooding 2020-05 19-943 2019 Local Emergency Utility
Interruption Public Safety Power Shutoff 19-383
2019 Major Disaster Severe Storms Late February 2019 Storms DR-4434 2019-03 2019 State and Local
Emergency Severe Storms Mid-February 2019 Atmospheric River 2019-02 19-077 2019 Local Emergency Flood Salinas River Lagoon Flooding 19-022 2017 Major Disaster Severe Storms February 2017 Winter Storms DR-4308 2017-03 17-045 2017 Major Disaster Severe Storms January 2017 Winter Storms DR-4301 2017-01 17-008 2017 Local Emergency Flood Salinas River Lagoon Flooding 16-005 2016 Local Emergency Erosion Emergency Infrastructure Repair 16-089 2016 Local Emergency Flood Emergency Infrastructure Repair 16-324 2016 Fire Management Wildfire Soberanes Fire FM-5137 16-206 COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 4-9 RISK ASSESSMENT
Table 4-3
Disaster Proclamations and Declarations (1990-2021)
Year Declaration Type Incident Type Description FEMA # CDAA # Local # 2016 Local Emergency Severe Storms Severe Winter Storms 16-084 2015 Local Emergency Saltwater
Intrusion
Saltwater Intrusion and Inundation
at Moro Cojo Slough 15-122
2015 Local Emergency Wildfire Tassajara Fire 15-253
2014 Local Emergency Saltwater
Intrusion
Saltwater Intrusion and Inundation
at Moro Cojo Slough 14-299
2014 Local Emergency Wildfire Pfeiffer Fire 14-003
2012 Local Emergency Flood Salinas River Lagoon Flooding 12-386 2012 Local Emergency Flood Carmel River & Lagoon Flooding 12-027 2011 Major Disaster Tsunami March 2011 California Tsunami DR-1968 2011-02 2011 Local Emergency Debris Flow Highway 1 Failure and Closure 11-075 2010 Local Emergency Flood Carmel River & Lagoon Flooding 10-083 2010 Local Emergency Flood Carmel River & Lagoon Flooding 10-006 2009 Local Emergency Public Health Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection 09-319 2009 State and Local
Emergency Wildfire Gloria Fire 2009-06 09-376
2009 Local Emergency Hazmat Dayton Fire Explosion and
Hazardous Material Incident 09-741
2009 Local Emergency Flood Salinas River Lagoon Flooding 09-172 2009 Local Emergency Debris Flow Basin Complex Burn Scar Debris Flow 09-147
2009 Local Emergency Flood Carmel River & Lagoon Flooding 09-148 2009 Local Emergency Public Health Human Immunodeficiency Virus 09-129 2008 Fire Management Wildfire Indians and Basin Complex Fires FM-2781 2008-02 08-244 2008 Local Emergency Hazmat Emergency Asbestos Remediation 08-234 2007 Major Disaster Freeze Severe Freeze DR-1689 2007-02 2007 Local Emergency Flood Carmel River & Lagoon Flooding 07-309 2006 Local Emergency Hazmat Emergency Asbestos Remediation 06-267 2006 Local Emergency Flood Severe Winter Storms 06-006
2005 Local Emergency Erosion Road Erosion on Scenic Road 05-118 2005 Local Emergency Flood Carmel River & Lagoon Flooding 05-085 2004 Local Emergency Severe Storms Severe Winter Storms 04-058 2003 Local Emergency Public Health Human Immunodeficiency Virus 03-034 1999 Major Disaster Freeze Severe Freeze DR-1267 98-02
1998 Major Disaster Severe Storms El Nino '98 Winter Storms DR-1203 98-01 1997 Major Disaster Severe Storms Severe Winter Storms, DR-1155 97-01 1995 Major Disaster Severe Storms 1995 Late Winter Storms DR-1046 95-03 1995 Major Disaster Severe Storms 1995 Winter Storms DR-1044 95-01 1993 Major Disaster Flood 1993 Winter Storms DR-979 93-01 1991 Major Disaster Freeze Severe Freeze DR-894
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As seen in Figure 4-1, the top three hazards resulting in a declaration of any kind are Flooding (29%), Severe Storms (20%), and Wildfires (16%).

Figure 4-1
Historical Declared Hazard Events in Monterey County by Hazard Type (1990-2021) Figure 4-1: Historical Declared Hazard Events by Hazard Type (1990-2021)

4.1.2 EOC ACTIVATIONS
The County maintains a list of Emergency Operations Center (EOC) activations. As seen from the list of EOC Activations, winter storms, wildfires, flooding, and utility outages were the most common hazards requiring activation of the EOC. EOC activations from 2006 to present include:
• 2022 Tsunami • 2021 Car Week • 2021 Winter Storms
• 2021 Willow Fire • 2020 Wildfires • 2020 COVID-19
• 2019 PSPS Event • 2019 Chualar Flood • 2017 Winter Storms • 2017 Pajaro Sewage Spill • 2016 Winter Storms • 2016 Chimney Fire • 2016 Soberanes Fire • 2016 Phone Outage • 2015 Power Outage • 2015 Tassajara Fire • 2014 Winter Storms • 2014 Natividad Water Issue • 2014 Drought • 2014 Debris Flows • 2013 Pfeffer Fire
• 2009 Mudslide • 2009 H1N1 Influenza • 2009 Dayton Hazmat Incident • 2008 Basin Complex Fire • 2006 Soledad MCI • 2008 Winter Storms Debris Flow
4%
Drought
2%
Erosion
4%
Flood
29%
Freeze
5%
Hazardous
Materials
5%
Public
Health
7%
Saltwater
Intrusion
4%
Severe Storms
20% Tsunami
2%
Utility
Interruption
2%
Wildfire
16%
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4.2 HAZARD PROFILES
The hazards identified in Table 4-1 Hazards of Concern, were profiled individually in identified sections. These profiles set the stage for the risk assessment, where exposure and vulnerability are quantified for each of the identified hazards. Each hazard is profiled in the following format:

Hazard Overview: This section gives a description of the hazard and includes definitions and background, scientific, and regulatory information, as applicable.

Hazard History: This section contains information on previous occurrences of the hazard in the County. Historical hazard information is helpful in estimating the likelihood of future events and predicting potential impacts. When data was available, the extent of the impacts, such as fatalities, injuries, building and infrastructure damages, and loss of services, were included.

Location: This section includes information on the geographic location of areas affected by the hazard in Monterey County. Generally, maps were used to illustrate location for many of the hazards. National, state, and County databases were reviewed to locate available spatially based data relevant to this planning effort.

Maps were produced using Geographic Information System (GIS) to show the spatial extent and location of hazards when such datasets were available. These maps are included in the hazard chapters of this plan. When mapping was not available or deemed not the most appropriate way to identify the location, narrative description was used. Some hazards affect the entire County uniformly, in which case specific location or extent was not identified.

Frequency: This section describes the frequency and likelihood of future occurrences of the hazard. The frequency and likelihood of the hazard occurring in the future and can be described in a variety of ways. Where possible, frequency was calculated based on existing data. Hazard likelihood was compared using the following general descriptions:
• Unlikely: Less than 1% chance of occurrence in next 100 years or has a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years.
• Occasional: Between 1 and 10% chance of occurrence in the next year or has a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.
• Likely: Between 10 and 100% chance of occurrence in next year or has a recurrence interval of 10 years or less.
• Highly Likely: Near 100% chance of occurrence in next year or happens every year.

Severity: Severity, or extent, is defined as the strength or magnitude of a hazard. Depending on the hazard, the severity was described in a combination of ways including:
• The value on an established scientific scale or measurement system • Other measures of magnitude, such as water depth or wind speed • The duration of hazard events
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Warning Time: This section describes the warning time and speed of onset for the hazard.

Secondary Hazards: This section seeks to examine the vulnerabilities of hazard events beyond the individual hazard. Often another hazard occurs as a secondary hazard, such as an earthquake causing a landslide or tsunami or a wildfire. Other events are compounded by outside factors, such as wildfire evacuations occurring during Public Safety Power Shutoff (PSPS) events. This section was included to highlight compounding hazard risks by highlighting secondary hazards and local conditions that accelerate impacts.

4.3 RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
The Risk Assessment measures the potential impact on life, property, critical infrastructure, the environment, and the economy resulting from the hazards profiled. The intent of the Risk Assessment is to identify the qualitative and quantitative vulnerabilities of the community to the greatest extent possible given available data. The Risk Assessment increases understanding of hazard impacts to the community and provides a foundation to develop and prioritize mitigation actions. In turn, mitigation actions reduce damage from natural disasters through increased preparedness and focus resources to areas of greatest vulnerability.

This section provides an overview of the methods used for the risk assessments for each hazard identified. Vulnerabilities to each hazard were assessed in a two-step process. First, population, critical facilities, county parcels, and structures were inventoried to develop a “lay of the land.” Then, those inventories were utilized in calculating estimated exposure and damage from hazards at various levels of severity.

The Risk Assessment utilized geospatial data along with local knowledge of past events.

Geospatial data was essential in determining population and assets exposed to hazards and was conducted if a natural hazard has a spatial footprint that could be analyzed against the locations of people and assets.

4.3.1 POPULATION AND ASSET INVENTORY
In order to describe the risk posed by each hazard, it was important to first understand the total population and assets at risk. The population and asset inventories provided a baseline to measure the significance of hazard events and vulnerability to those events.

Supervisorial Districts and Political Subdivisions
For the purposes of Countywide analysis, the 2010 Supervisorial Districts were used to conceptualize the geographic distribution of population and property. Figure 4-2 shows the geographic location of each Supervisorial Districts in Monterey County.

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Figure 4-2
2010 Monterey County Supervisorial Districts
Figure 4-2: 2010 Monterey County Supervisorial Districts Supervisorial Districts in Monterey County include the following geographic areas:

District 1 is geographically the smallest supervisorial district in Monterey County and is entirely within the city limits of the city of Salinas.

District 2 is the northernmost supervisorial district in Monterey County, the 2nd District includes the communities of Boronda, Castroville, Las Lomas, Moss Landing, Pajaro, Prunedale, Royal Oaks, the northern neighborhoods of the city of Salinas, and those portions of the community of Aromas that are located within Monterey County.

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District 3 covers the majority of the Salinas Valley and southern Monterey County, extending to its border with San Luis Obispo County. The district includes the unincorporated communities of Spreckels, Chualar, Jolon, the eastern portion of the city of Salinas, and the cities of Gonzales, Greenfield, Soledad, and King City. Additionally, it includes the military installations at Fort Hunter Liggett and Camp Roberts, as well as portions of the Los Padres National Forest.

District 4 includes the southwest portion of the city of Salinas, the cities of Del Rey Oaks, Marina, Seaside, Sand City, and the former military installation at Fort Ord.

District 5 is geographically the largest of the five districts and covers most of the Monterey Peninsula and southern coastline of the County down to the southern border with San Luis Obispo County. The 5th District includes the cities of Carmel-by-the-Sea, Monterey, and Pacific Grove, the unincorporated communities of Carmel Valley Village, Big Sur, Pebble Beach, San Benancio, Corral de Tierra, and Jamesburg. Additionally, it includes the military installations at the Presidio of Monterey, the Defense Language Institute, and the Naval Postgraduate School, as well as the Ventana Wilderness area of the Los Padres National Forest.

Population
Each natural hazard affects County residents differently depending on the location of the hazard and the population density where the hazard event could occur. Risk assessments presented in this section summarize the population exposure for each natural hazard if available.

To produce the hazard-specific risk assessments, first the population near each hazard was determined. Population estimates were derived from 2010 Census information. Census blocks were used to determine the population exposed to the hazards.

Parcel Value Inventory
Monterey County Assessor’s data was used to develop both residential and non-residential values exposed to hazards. Residential and nonresidential parcels were identified using Assessor's Land Use Codes.

The Parcel Value Inventory includes total assessed value of the land and of any structures on the land. These elements are combined because, in the event of a disaster, the value of the infrastructure or improvements to the land is usually the focus and the land itself is not a total loss. Each hazard profile outlines predicted impacts to this Inventory based on each hazard’s geographic extent.

The Monterey County Parcel and Population Inventory is summarized in Table 4-4.

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Table 4-4: Monterey County Parcel and Population Inventory Table 4-4
Monterey County Parcel and Population Inventory
Jurisdiction Population Residential Non-Residential
Count Value ($) Count Value ($)
Carmel-by-the-Sea 3,460 2,489 $4,071,156,577 888 $691,544,498 Del Rey Oaks 1,000 584 $276,553,256 144 $55,959,358
Gonzales 6,758 1,303 $437,053,854 479 $193,034,179
Greenfield 13,299 2,574 $749,316,532 585 $176,076,227
King City 10,970 1,874 $552,522,904 898 $284,138,790
Marina 18,939 3,603 $2,163,216,447 1,388 $582,115,264
Monterey 26,998 6,533 $4,016,887,152 5,671 $2,661,097,840 Pacific Grove 15,030 4,798 $3,545,159,214 1,763 $441,654,454 Salinas 133,018 23,032 $9,261,979,929 9,025 $3,159,440,145 Sand City 324 157 $32,386,952 644 $320,490,499
Seaside 28,456 5,461 $2,345,735,210 2,159 $481,073,182
Soledad 22,713 2769 $1,049,529,544 703 $147,123,893
Supervisorial District
District 1 74,822 9,872 $3,434,995,377 4,619 $1,674,390,014 District 2 73,812 16,226 $7,225,922,676 8,558 $2,369,919,832 District 3 76,581 12,949 $4,353,858,958 10,695 $5,609,556,661 District 4 71,735 15,072 $7,553,619,336 7,009 $2,506,288,306 District 5 81,657 29,599 $32,363,271,436 14,367 $6,397,430,508 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure
Critical facilities and Infrastructure were of particular concern when conducting the Risk Assessment. A critical facility is a structure or other improvement that, because of its function, size, service area, or uniqueness, has the potential to cause disruption of vital socioeconomic activities if it is destroyed, damaged, or functionally impaired. Critical facility points include police stations, fire stations, hospitals, elder care facilities, day care facilities, buildings containing hazardous materials, schools, transportation infrastructure, utilities, and government buildings. Critical lifelines include communication, electric power, liquid fuel, natural gas, and transportation routes.

A critical infrastructure spatial database was developed to translate critical facilities information into georeferenced points and lines. The critical facilities inventory was developed from a variety of sources, including County, City, State, Federal, and industry datasets.

Table 4-5 lists critical infrastructure data sources. All data sources have a level of accuracy acceptable for planning purposes. Due to the sensitivity of this information, a detailed list of facilities is not provided. The risk assessment for each hazard qualitatively discusses critical facilities with regard to that hazard.

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Table 4-5: Critical Infrastructure and Assets Data Sources Table 4-5
Critical Infrastructure and Assets Data Sources
Critical Facilities and Assets Source
Emergency Operation Centers, Fire Stations, Police
Stations, Schools, Airports, Electric Power Facilities, Landfills, Military Facilities, Large Public Facilities 2015 Monterey County Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan, data reviewed and
updated by County OES, PG&E
Hospitals and Medical Care Facilities Monterey County GIS, PG&E Dams US Army Corps of Engineers National
Inventory of Dams
Harbors Monterey County GIS
Hazardous Material Facilities Monterey County GIS: Underground Tanks, Cal ARP Facility
Transportation Infrastructure- Roads, Highways,
Bridges, and Railroads Monterey County GIS
Communications Facilities Monterey County GIS, PG&E
Water and Wastewater Infrastructure
Monterey County GIS, M1W provided
GIS layer of collection system including
conveyance pipelines and pump
stations
Rain Gauges Monterey Water Resources Agency
Stormwater Infrastructure Monterey County GIS
Oil Wells
California Department of
Conservation, Geologic Energy
Management Division's (CalGEM) Well
Finder (WellSTAR)

4.3.2 HAZARD EXPOSURE
The asset and population inventory information were then used to generate specific exposure and damage estimations based on the severity of specific hazard events. “Exposure” of assets and population refers to the total counts of parcels, people, facilities, and assets within the County in which a hazard event may occur.

A natural hazards overlay was developed to reflect the combination of many known natural hazard spatial footprints. The spatial overlay method enables summarization of building values, parcel counts, population exposure, and critical facility exposure within a hazard’s geographic extents.

In Monterey County, coastal erosion, dam failure, levee failure, hazardous materials incidents, earthquake liquefaction, flooding, slope failure, sea level rise, tsunami, and wildfire have identifiable geographic extents and corresponding spatial information about each hazard.

Table 4-6 summarizes the data sources used for each of these hazards.

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Table 4-6: Hazard Exposure Data
Table 4-6
Hazard Exposure Data
Hazard Data Source Severity and Exposure
Coastal
Erosion
USGS Coastal Storm Modeling System
(CoSMoS), Central California Projections
of Coastal Cliff Retreat and Shoreline
Change due to 21st Century Sea Level
Rise
To determine exposure, the Hold the Line
Management Scenario was used for both
coastal cliff retreat and shoreline change.

For shoreline change, Continued
Nourishment Management Scenario, in
addition to modeling which forced Sea Level
Rise in 2100 at 200 cm. Based on OPC High
Risk Aversion Guidance, the following sea
level rise levels were chosen: 25 cm Sea
Level Rise (2030, near future risk; 75 cm Sea
Level Rise (2060); and 200 cm Sea Level Rise
(2100).

Dam Failure
• Nacimiento- Monterey County GIS
• San Antonio- Monterey County GIS
• Forest Lake Dam- Pebble Beach
Community Services District
• Los Padres Dam- CA DOSD
Exposure risk was based on the following:
• Nacimiento- Spillway Failure, Dam
Failure
• San Antonio- Spillway Failure, Dam
Failure
• Forest Lake Dam- 4 Failure Scenarios
• Los Padres Dam- Inundation area
Levee Failure Army Corp of Engineers National Levee
Database
Leveed Areas was used to determine
exposure risk.

Hazardous
Materials
Incident
Mobile- US Dept of Transportation,
National Transportation Atlas Database
Fixed-Monterey County Hazardous
Materials Plan (2019)
Based on guidelines in the US Department of
Transportation’s Emergency Response, the
recommended buffer distance or
“protective action distance” of one mile was
used, around mobile and fixed facilities to
determine exposure risk.

Earthquake
Liquefaction Monterey County GIS High and moderate liquefaction potential areas used to determine exposure risk.

Flooding FEMA FIRM (2018) 100-year and 500-year floodplain used to determine exposure risk.

Slope Failure Earthquake Induced Landslide Risk,
Monterey County 2010 General Plan
High and moderate earthquake induced
landslide potential areas used to determine
exposure risk, in addition to data from the
FEMA National Risk Index.

Sea Level
Rise
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), Sea Level Rise
Data
Based on OPC High Risk Aversion Guidance,
the following sea level rise levels were
chosen: 1 ft Sea Level Rise (2030); 3 ft Sea
Level Rise (2060); and 7 ft Sea Level Rise
(2100) to determine exposure.

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Table 4-6
Hazard Exposure Data
Hazard Data Source Severity and Exposure
Tsunami
California Geological Survey, Tsunami
Inundation Maps, Monterey County
Tsunami Hazard Areas (2021)
Tsunami Inundation Zone used to determine
exposure risk.

Wildfire CALFIRE Fire Threat
Statewide GIS layer in raster format of fire
threat, which combines expected fire
frequency with potential fire behavior to
create 4 threat classes. Very High, High, and
Moderate Threat Zones were considered
areas exposed to wildfire risk.

FEMA National Risk Index
The FEMA National Risk Index was also used to enhance the risk assessment. The National Risk Index incorporates physical and social vulnerability data to identify communities more at-risk to the adverse impacts of natural hazards. The National Risk Index is a high quality, comprehensive data set that identifies a community’s risk to natural hazards.

Community risk in the National Risk Index is a combination of several factors, including the expected annual dollar loss related to building value, crop, or population, due to a natural hazard; social vulnerability, which measures how social groups respond to the adverse impacts of natural hazards; and community resilience, which is the community’s ability to recover from a natural disaster.

4.3.3 HAZARD VULNERABILITY
Included in the risk assessment was a consideration of hazard vulnerability. Vulnerability is the characteristics of community assets that make them susceptible to damage from a given hazard. The vulnerability of people, property, critical infrastructure, the environment, and the economy is discussed within each respective risk assessment section for each hazard.

Vulnerability was evaluated by interpreting the probability of occurrence of each event and assessing structures, facilities, and systems that are exposed to each hazard. Additionally, vulnerability was assessed qualitatively using local knowledge.

Environmental Impacts
Monterey County has many important environmental assets and natural resources. These resources are critical to community identity and quality of life and support the economy through agriculture, tourism and recreation, and a variety of other ecosystem services, such as clean air and water. Hazards profiled in this Plan can have impacts on the natural environment and are discussed qualitatively in this section.

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The natural environment also provides protective functions that reduce hazard impacts and increase resiliency. For instance, wetlands and riparian areas help absorb flood waters, soils and landscaping contribute to stormwater management, and vegetation provides erosion control and reduces runoff. Conservation of environmental assets may present opportunities to meet mitigation and other community objectives, such as protecting sensitive habitat, developing parks and trails, or contributing to the economy.

Economic Impacts
After a disaster, economic resiliency drives recovery. Monterey County has a variety of specific economic drivers that are important to understand when planning to reduce the impacts of hazards and disasters to the local economy. Depending on the hazard, economic impacts in this section were described in terms of indirect losses, such as functional downtime and loss of employment wages, and in terms of the impact to primary economic sectors

4.3.4 LIMITATIONS
Loss estimates, exposure assessments, and hazard-specific vulnerability evaluations rely on the best available data and methodologies. Uncertainties are inherent in any loss estimation methodology and arise in part from incomplete scientific knowledge concerning natural hazards and their effects on the built environment. Uncertainties also result from the following:
• Approximations and simplifications necessary to conduct a study • Incomplete or outdated inventory, demographic, or economic parameter data • Missing data on value of structure or land
• Population assessed based on census blocks, which differs from physical residents in a hazard area
• The unique nature, geographic extent, and severity of each hazard • Mitigation measures already employed
• The amount of advance notice residents has to prepare for a specific hazard event • The uncertain spatial accuracy of a variety of the data used to assess hazard exposure • Lack of a standardized model for assessing sea level rise impacts. Multiple models provide multiple results. Not all models were run in the development of the sea level rise analysis.

These factors can affect loss estimates by a factor of two or more. Therefore, potential exposure and loss estimates are approximate and should be used only to understand relative risk. Over the long term, Monterey County will collect additional data to assist in estimating potential losses associated with other hazards.

4.4 HAZARD PRIORITIZATION AND RISK RANKING
FEMA requires all hazard mitigation planning partners to have jurisdiction-specific mitigation actions based on local risk, vulnerability, and community priorities. This plan included a risk COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 4-20 RISK ASSESSMENT
ranking protocol for each planning partner, in which “risk” was calculated by adding the extent of hazard, the likelihood of future occurrence, the severity, and the impact on people, property and the economy.

The risk ranking was used to identify mitigation actions for hazards. The risk ranking at the planning partner scale was used to inform the action plan development process for each partner. Planning partners were directed to identify mitigation actions addressing hazards that, at a minimum, had a “high” risk ranking. Actions that address hazards with a substantial, moderate, possible, slight, negligible hazard ranking are considered optional by this planning process. The following Countywide risk ranking was prepared by the planning team. The results are used in establishing mitigation priorities.

Each participating jurisdiction also completed the hazard prioritization process specifically for the hazards applicable to their jurisdiction, and this important initial stage informed the rest of the planning process for each jurisdiction. Individual hazard prioritization matrices are available in Volume 2 of this MJHMP.

4.4.1 THREAT HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT SURVEY
The risk ranking process was conducted using the Threat Hazard Risk Assessment Survey. All stakeholders took the Threat Hazard Risk Assessment Survey. The purpose was both the gauge perceived risk and to rank and prioritize the hazards. The survey assisted in the creation of a risk matrix, in order to compare hazards and rank which pose the greatest risk. Based on the survey each identified hazard was given a rank based on geographic extent, likelihood of future occurrences, magnitude, and impacts
The score for each variable by hazard was calculated using a weighted average of all survey responses. Variables were then summed to create results for each Individual jurisdiction (summarized in Volume 2). For the Countywide THIRA overall jurisdiction risk ranking scores by hazard for likelihood, magnitude, and impact were used and weighted by population in the jurisdiction (as a percentage of the total County population).

Municipal jurisdictions scores comprised 75% of the total score per variable, participating special district scores compromised 15% of the total score (weighted by population served), and stakeholder scores (collected as described in Stakeholder Engagement) comprised 10% of the total score. Geographic extent which was weighted by land area (as a percentage of the total County land area). The risk index was helpful tool to compare multiple hazards, but it is not a complete risk assessment and is supplementary to the more detailed risk analysis provided in each hazard chapter.

Variables
Variables were based on the hazard profiles as described above and, on the FEMA, Local Mitigation Planning Handbook. The following variables, questions, and guidance shaped the ranking on the matrices:

COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 4-21 RISK ASSESSMENT
Geographic Extent: What geographic area is affected by this hazard?

1. Negligible: No known or negligible geographic extent

2. Limited: Less than 10% of Planning Area

3. Significant: 10-50% of Planning Area

4. Extensive: 50-100% of Planning Area
Likelihood of Future Occurrences: What is the likelihood of a hazard event occurring in a given year?

1. Unlikely: Less than 1% chance of occurrence in next 100 years or has a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years.

2. Occasional: Between 1 and 10% chance of occurrence in the next year or has a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.

3. Likely: Between 10 and 100% chance of occurrence in next year or has a recurrence interval of 10 years or less.

4. Highly Likely: Near 100% chance of occurrence in next year or happens every year.

Magnitude/ Severity: What is the expected magnitude and severity of the hazard event based on historic events or future probability?

1. Negligible: Less than 10% of property severely damaged, shutdown of facilities and services for less than 24 hours; and/or injuries treatable with first aid

2. Limited:10-25% of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than a week; and/or injuries treatable do not result in permanent disability

3. Critical: 25-50% of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for at least two weeks; and/or injuries and/or illnesses result in permanent disability

4. Catastrophic: More than 50% of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than 30 days; and/or multiple deaths
Impact: In terms of injuries, damage, or death, would you anticipate impacts to be negligible, limited, critical, or catastrophic when a significant hazard event occurs?

1. Negligible: no meaningful impact

2. Limited: minimal potential impact

3. Critical: moderate potential impact

4. Catastrophic: widespread potential impact

4.4.2 RANKING METHODOLOGY
To determine the rank, each variable was weighted on a scale from 1-4, or negligible/ unlikely to extensive/ highly likely/ catastrophic. The score for each variable by hazard was calculated using a weighted average of all survey responses. Scores on each variable were added together to determine a score between 1 and 16.

COUNTY OF MONTEREY Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan PAGE | 4-22 RISK ASSESSMENT
Figure 4-3 demonstrates how individual variable scores were added together to create a total score, associated with a relative degree of risk.

Figure 4-3
Risk Ranking Score Matrix by Variable
Geographic Extent
1 2 3 4
Likelihood
1 4 6 8 10 1
Magnitude/ Severity 2 6 8 10 12 2
3 8 10 12 14 3
4 10 12 14 16 4
1 2 3 4
Impact Figure 4-3: Risk Ranking Score Matrix by Variable Each score was associated with a qualitative degree of risk ranking from Negligible (a score between 1 and 4) to Very High (a score between 14.1 and 16). As described below in Table 4-7 Table 4-7: Degree of Risk Scores
Table 4-7
Degree of Risk Scores
Degree of Risk Values
Very High 14.1-16
High 12.1-14
Substantial 10.1-12
Moderate 8.1-10
Possible 6.1-8
Slight 4.1-6
Negligible 1-4

4.4.3 RESULTS
As discussed above, each participating also ranked hazards for its own area. Table 4-8 summarizes the number of times a ranking of very high, high, substantial, moderate, possible, and slight was assigned by a participating jurisdiction based on the numerical ratings that each jurisdiction assigned each hazard. The results indicate the following general patterns:
• The only hazards to receive any very high-risk rankings were drought and water shortage, earthquake, epidemic, pandemic, sea level rise, and severe winter storms. • Drought and water shortage followed by wildfire were the most commonly ranked as high risk. 50% of participating jurisdictions ranked drought as high risk. • Earthquake, followed by utility interruption, and localized stormwater flooding were the most commonly ranked as substantial risk hazards. 67% of participating jurisdictions ranked earthquake as a substantial risk.

Salinas City CouncilAugust 23, 2022

Salinas City Council
August 23, 2022