San Clemente City Council
March 19, 2024


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16 U.S.C. 662(a) provides that whenever the waters of any stream or other body of water are proposed to be impounded, diverted, the channel deepened or otherwise controlled or modified, the Corps shall consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) as appropriate, and the agency administering the wildlife resources of the state. The consultation shall consider conservation of wildlife resources with the view of preventing loss of and damages to such resources as well as providing for development and improvement in connection with such water resources development.
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Because resource agency recommendations for mitigation were only clarified in their response to the DEIS, development and certification of a habitat model to assess surfgrass impacts was not previously contemplated.
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From: Bryant Chesney [[email protected]]
Sent: Thursday, August 05, 2010 3:44 PM
To: 'Smith, Lawrence J SPL'; 'Bob Hoffman'; 'Clifford, Jodi L SPL'; 'Keeney, Thomas W SPL' Cc: 'Lawrence Honma'
Subject: RE: Surf Grass Mitigation
NMFS appreciates Corps collaboration on this important topic and believe we are coming closer to agreement on how to address surfgrass impacts. However, there are various aspects of your proposal for which NMFS has concerns. We summarize them below.

According to Subpart E Section 230.43 of the Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines for Specification of Disposal Sites for Dredged or Fill Material (404(b)(1) Guidelines), vegetated shallows are considered special aquatic sites (SAS). SAS are geographic areas, large or small, possessing special ecological characteristics of productivity, habitat, wildlife protection, or other important and easily disrupted ecological values. These areas are generally recognized as significantly influencing or positively contributing to the general overall environmental health or vitality of the entire ecosystem of a region.

This status provides special consideration when evaluating actions involving dredged or fill material pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Vegetated shallows are defined as permanently inundated areas that under normal circumstances support communities of rooted aquatic vegetation.

NMFS believes surfgrass should be considered a SAS and receive special consideration when evaluating actions involving discharge of dredged or fill material.

Moreover, surfgrass is designated as a habitat area of particular concern (HAPC) for various federally managed fish species under the Pacific Groundfish Fishery Management Plans, as well as essential fish habitat (EFH) for various species within the Coastal Pelagics and Highly Migratory Species Fishery Management Plans. Surfgrasses (3K\OORVSDGL[spp.) are considered to be among the most productive seagrass systems on the planet (Ramírez-García et al. 1998). Galst and Anderson (2008) indicate that surfgrass beds serve as an important habitat for nearshore fishes, and the loss of surfgrass from disturbance has negative consequences for recruitment success. Surfgrass also serves as an important nursery habitat for a variety of invertebrates, such as California spiny lobster (Engle 1979, as cited in MPLA Initiative 2009), and as habitat for algae (Stewart and Myers 1980, as cited in MLPA Initiative 2009). Shaw (1986) suggests that the importance of surfgrass as a nursery for juvenile lobsters in southern California is clearly apparent and the disturbance or destruction of this habitat could seriously decrease lobster abundance. Surfgrass is also important foraging habitat for the endangered green turtle, &KHORQLDP\GDVon the Pacific side of the Baja Peninsula (Lopez-Mendilaharsu et al 2005).

Although utilization of nearshore habitats in southern California is less understood, sub-populations of the endangered green turtle are known to utilize San Diego Bay and the Long Beach area for foraging. If surfgrass serves a similar function in southern California, then adverse effects to surfgrass habitat may have a negative impact on habitat used by this listed species.

Surfgrasses are likely to be impacted by beach nourishment and shoreline protection projects that place sand either directly or indirectly onto surf grass beds (Craig et al 2008). The Corps has acknowledged this in meetings, email correspondence, and draft environmental planning documents. As described in the 404(b)(1) Guidelines, the discharge of dredged or fill material may reduce the value of vegetated shallows as nesting, spawning, nursery, cover, and forage areas, as well as their value in protecting shorelines from erosion and wave actions. In addition, the primary productivity of the system would be reduced if impacts were to occur. Surfgrasses exhibit late successional traits, recover very slowly from disturbance, require facilitation from algae before settling, and are strong competitors (Turner 1985).

Removal of surfgrass from a rocky reef community has profound impacts to community structure (Turner 1985). Thus, surfgrass habitat is largely determined by patterns of disturbance. Repeated beach nourishment efforts likely will increase this rate of disturbance to these systems. Slow recovery times suggest that disturbances to these communities may be ecologically significant. 1114
 
Given the high ecological values associated with surfgrass, NMFS believes unavoidable impacts to surfgrass should be addressed via compensatory mitigation and should comply with the 2008 mitigation rule. According to the rule, compensatory mitigation is defined as the restoration (re-establishment or rehabilitation), establishment (creation), enhancement, and/or in certain circumstances preservation of aquatic resources for the purposes of offsetting unavoidable adverse impacts which remain after all appropriate and practicable avoidance and minimization has been achieved. The rule suggests that compensation for unavoidable impacts to difficult to replace (DTR) resources (e.g. bogs, fens, springs, streams, etc.) should be provided through in-kind rehabilitation, enhancement or preservation. Given the slow recovery time and the difficulties associated with restoring this habitat, NMFS believes that surfgrass should be considered a DTR resource. Therefore, NMFS believes the Corps and/or the project partner should include in-kind surfgrass restoration or establishment as part of the mitigation plan. Therefore, NMFS does not concur with the Corps assertion that it not be considered "mitigation" in the technical sense of the term, nor do we concur that the NEPA/CEQA documents should refer to this as an unavoidable, unmitigable loss.

Although NMFS recognizes that surfgrass restoration techniques are not well established, recent successes have emerged. For example, Bull et al (2004) have demonstrated that surfgrass transplants that used sprigs survived and grew reasonably well, and regrowth of rhizomes that were cut to obtain sprigs for transplanting was rapid. They argued that the patterns of growth and survival of transplants and of recovery of donor plots, combined with the amount of effort involved, revealed that the largest gain in rhizome coverage per unit of effort occurred when sprigs were used. Moreover sprigs suitable for transplanting required relatively little effort to prepare and were abundant at study sites (Bull 2002), suggesting that collection of sprigs for transplanting would not have a large impact on existing surfgrass beds. Based upon this, Bull et al (2004) concluded that sprigs may be the most acceptable form for use in restoration.

Alternatively, MMS (1999) found that restoration of surfgrass beds using seeds and seedlings may be feasible. Sufficient numbers of seeds can easily be collected from most populations during most years to supply most restoration needs. Seeds readily germinate in the laboratory, or can be stored for several months and germinated when needed. Laboratory cultivation of large numbers of small seedlings for use in restoration is relatively simple and does not require any sophisticated equipment or facilities. Mortality rates are relatively high, though, so future efforts should reduce the likely sources of mortality to increase the efficacy of this technique. Holbrook et al. (2002) tested the use of seedlings in the field and attached seedlings to nylon rope to mimic natural conditions and achieved a survival comparable to that of control groups. The use of either sprigs or seedling transplants would minimize impacts to donor beds.

NMFS recognizes that transplant success is much higher for subtidal then for intertidal conditions.

However, NMFS does not believe restoration efforts in the intertidal should be summarily dismissed within the mitigation plan, as implied in the Corps proposal. NMFS would be amenable to a smaller percentage of the mitigation addressing intertidal surfgrass habitat, but believes some good-faith effort should be applied to restore similar resources that may be lost due to the proposed projects.

The Corps has proposed a 1:1 ratio for surfgrass transplants and rocky reef impacts. The final mitigation rule suggests that higher mitigation ratios should be required where necessary to account for the method of compensatory mitigation, the likelihood of success, differences between the functions lost at the impact site and the functions expected to be produced by the compensatory mitigation project, temporal losses of aquatic resource functions, the difficulty of restoring or establishing the desired aquatic resource type and functions, and/or the distance between the affected aquatic resource and the compensation site.

Given the difficulties associated with mitigating for surfgrass and the time lag in recovery, a higher ratio is likely appropriate. NMFS recommends that the Corps consider the guidance provided by the final rule and provide a more detailed rationale for determination of the mitigation ratio. NMFS also offers to provide technical assistance to the Corps in developing an appropriate mitigation ratio.

The mitigation plan should also contain performance standards that will be used to assess whether the project is achieving its objectives. These performance standards should be based on attributes that are objective, verifiable, and can be measured with a reasonable amount of effort. Thus, we do not believe it 1115
 

appropriate to not include success criteria, as the Corps has proposed. NMFS recommends that the Corps work with NMFS and other appropriate agencies to develop appropriate performance standards.

That said, NMFS recognizes the potential for in-kind mitigation failure. The potential for failure, however, does not justify a mitigation plan with no success criteria. Instead, NMFS believes a contingency out-ofkind mitigation approach should be developed as a back-up in case surfgrass mitigation techniques prove unsuccessful. Out-of-kind mitigation should strive to offset similar ecological functions and values that may be lost due to surfgrass impacts. Functions of high importance to NMFS include: primary productivity, fishery and invertebrate habitat, and wave energy reduction. NMFS believes eelgrass and/or kelp may be appropriate surrogates for out-of-kind mitigation.

The rule further states that there should be sufficient financial assurances to ensure a high level of confidence that the compensatory mitigation project will be completed in accordance with its performance standards. The Corps indicates they would like to place a cap on surf grass mitigation costs. NMFS is unsure how placing a cap on the mitigation costs would provide sufficient financial assurances. Perhaps a more appropriate alternative approach is to place a cap on surfgrass transplant techniques based upon cost estimates provided by both typical mitigation practitioners, such as Corps has preliminarily done via inquiries with SAIC and Merkel, and other researchers with more experience with surfgrass restoration. If success criteria are not met, the Corps and/or project partner would then move to the contingency plan for which reasonable cost estimates could also be provided. Assuming the total cost estimates of surfgrass mitigation and the out-of-kind contingency plan have appropriate justification and provide sufficient financial assurances, then NMFS would believe this total estimate could be used as an appropriate dollar amount in the Corps cost-benefit analysis. Placing a funding cap that is not well justified could skew the cost-benefit analysis and should be avoided.

References
Bull, J. S. 2002. An experimental evaluation of different methods of restoring surfgrass (Phyllospadix torreyi). Master’s thesis. University of California, Santa Barbara.

Bull, J.S., Reed, D.C., Holbrook, S.J., 2004. An experimental evaluation of different methods of restoring 3K\OORVSDGL[ WRUUH\L (Surfgrass). Restoration Ecology 12(1): 70-79.

California Marine Life Protection Initiative. 2009. Regional Profile of the MLPA South Coast Study Region (Point Conception to the California-Mexico Border).

Castañeda-Fernández de Lara, V., M. J. Butler, S. Hernández-Vázquez, S. Guzmán del Próo, and E.

Serviere-Zaragoza. 2005a. Determination of preferred habitats of early benthic juvenile California spiny lobster, 3DQXOLUXVLQWHUUXSWXV, on the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. 0DULQHDQG )UHVKZDWHU5HVHDUFK56: 1037-1045.

Castañeda-Fernández de Lara, V., E. Serviere-Zaragoza, S. Hernández-Vázquez, and M. J. Butler. 2005b. Feeding ecology of juvenile spiny lobster, 3DQXOLUXVLQWHUUXSWXV, on the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. 1HZ=HDODQG-RXUQDORI0DULQHDQG)UHVKZDWHU5HVHDUFK. 39: 425-435.

Craig, C., Wylie-Echeverria, S., Carrington, E., Shafer, D., 2008. Short-term sediment burial effects on the seagrass 3K\OORVSDGL[ VFRXOHUL. ERDC TN-EMRRP-EI-03.

Engle JM (1979) Ecology and growth of juvenile California spiny lobster, 3DQXOLUXVLQWHUUXSWXV (Randall).

Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Southern California.

Galst, C.J. and T.W. Anderson. 2008. Fish-habitat associations and the role of disturbance in surfgrass beds. Marine Ecology Progress Series 365: 177-186.
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Holbrook, S.J., Reed, D.C., Bull, J.S., 2002. Survival experiments with outplanted seedlings of surfgrass (3K\OORVSDGL[ WRUUH\L) to enhance establishment on artificial structures. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 59:S350-S355.

Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M., S. C. Gardner, J. A. Seminoff, and R. Riosmena-Rodriguez. 2005. Identifying critical foraging habitats of the green turtle (&KHORQLD P\GDV) along the Pacific coast of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. $TXDWLF&RQVHUYDWLRQ
0DULQHDQG)UHVKZDWHU(FRV\VWHPV15: 259-269.

Minerals Management Service. 1999. Development of Methods for Surfgrass (3K\OORVSDGL[spp.) Restoration Using Early Life History Stages. OCS Study MMS 99-0019.

Ramírez-García, P., Lot, A., Duarte, C.M., Terrados, J., Agawin, N.S.R., 1998. Bathymetric distribution, biomass and growth dynamics of intertidal 3K\OORVSDGL[VFRXOHUL and 3K\OORVSDGL[WRUUH\L in Baja California (Mexico). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 173: 13-23.

Reed, D. C., S. J. Holbrook, E. Solomon, and M. Anghera. 1998. Studies on germination and root development in the surfgrass Phyllospadix torreyi: implications for habitat restoration. Aquatic Botany 62:71-80.

Shaw, W. N. 1986. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates ( Pacific Southwest)—spiny lobster. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Biol. Rep. 82(11.47).

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. 10 pp.

Stewart JG and Myers B (1980). Assemblages of algae and invertebrates in Southern California Phyllospadix-dominated intertidal habitats. Aquatic Botany 9:73-94.

Turner, T., 1985. Stability of rocky intertidal surfgrass beds: Persistence, preemption and recovery.

Ecology, 66(1): 83-92.

From: Smith, Lawrence J SPL [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Friday, July 23, 2010 3:10 PM
To: Bob Hoffman; Bryant Chesney; Clifford, Jodi L SPL; Keeney, Thomas W SPL Cc: Lawrence Honma
Subject: Surf Grass Mitigation
Recent discussion have taken place between the Corps and NMFS on the issue of surf grass losses and mitigation in southern California. I'd like to take this opportunity to present our understanding of the resolution reached during recent conversations. The point is to avoid any confusion and to ensure that we are in agreement on the details prior to moving forward, first with San Clemente and then with Encinitas/Solana Beach.

The first step, as with other impact categories, is to avoid surf grass impacts to the maximum extent practicable. The second step is to minimize unavoidable impacts. The third step is to mitigate remaining impacts. The concept of mitigation, as it applies to surf grass, follows. There are currently no proven methods of transplanting surf grass. However, there are some experimental methods that show promise.

Our approach is to develop the experimental methods building towards a proven transplant method.

There are several key assumptions in moving in this direction. First, transplant success is much higher for subtidal then for intertidal conditions. Initial projects therefore will focus on subtidal transplants only.

This is particularly true for the first two projects where we anticipate creating artificial, subtidal reef habitat as mitigation for lost reef habitat thus creating new subtidal surf grass habitat. A portion of the reef would have to be built shallow enough to accommodate surf grass. Subtidal transplants are also safer then intertidal. Transplant area will be determined by actual impact as determined by monitoring. Postconstruction monitoring of the surf grass in and adjacent to project sites will determine the actual area of surf grass lost as a result of each project. Transplant area will be on a 1:1 ratio, reef transplant ratio is 1117
 
also on a 1:1 ratio for monitored reef losses. Post mitigation monitoring will be performed to track performance and to identify areas where the transplant method could be modified to improve success.

We are proposing two years of post-mitigation monitoring. We are not including any success criteria nor are we including any additional transplant efforts at a given site. This is a one and done proposal for each project. Follow-on projects will incorporate lessons learned incorporating method modifications as we move towards an improved methodology.

Transplanting sprigs or plants require a donor bed for plant material. Studies have shown that surf grass is sensitive to losses from harvesting plants for transplant purposes. I'm not sure how to incorporate this concern. We could harvest plant material from that portion of the bed where potential impacts are expected. However, this would require maintaining that material alive ex-situ for one to two years post construction when mitigation would be constructed. Additionally, it could become a self-fulfilling prophesy where we weaken a bed that is then impacted partially as a result of the project and partially as a result of harvesting effects. An alternative approach would be to spread these impacts over a very large area focusing on harvesting plants from the interior of the bed and avoiding harvesting from edges. It appears that edge harvesting has more of an impact on the existing bed then does interior harvesting. A recommendation on this issue would be appreciated.

One additional measure that the Corps would like to propose is a cap on surf grass mitigation costs. This would be done separately for each project and would be based on predicted impacts. This would enable the Corps to incorporate a not to exceed cost into its calculations of total project costs for comparison to project benefits. This would greatly assist us in our planning and project authorization efforts. Initially the cap would be estimated based on known costs for eelgrass restoration multiplied by a factor of three to account for the more difficult conditions expected from open coastal restoration for surf grass as opposed to in-bay restoration encountered for eelgrass restoration. After conferring with both SAIC and Merkel & Associates, we propose that an initial cost of $180K per acre be used for a surf grass restoration cap.

This is based on a cost of $60K per acre for recent eelgrass restoration efforts. Our methods for surf grass impact assessment tend to err on the conservative side and to overestimate impacts. This cap should then allow for mitigation at a 1:1 ratio should actual costs exceed the $180K per acre figure. This cap cost does not include the cost of monitoring.

This is a proposal for experimental transplants. As such, we have included no success criteria. This is not "mitigation" in the technical sense of the term. We cannot guarantee that impacts to surf grass will be "mitigated". Therefore, NEPA/CEQA documents will continue to refer to this as an unavoidable, unmitigable loss. We anticipate some success, so it will not be a total loss.

Please let me know if you have any questions with the above. We would also appreciate written concurrence from the NMFS.

Larry Smith
(213) 452-3846
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State of California x Natural Resources Agency Gavin Newsom, Governor

DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION

OFFICE OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION
Julianne Polanco, State Historic Preservation Officer
1725 23rd Street, Suite 100, Sacramento, CA 95816-7100
Telephone: (916) 445-7000 FAX: (916) 445-7053
[email protected] www.ohp.parks.ca.gov
Armando Quintero, Director
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City: San Clemente, CALIFORNIA, EPA Region 9
Approximate Population: 64,678
April 04, 2023
Input Area (sq. miles): 19.11
(Version 2.11)

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0.078

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0.038

0.13 1200

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19%
5%
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2%
14%

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0.33 67

5.2 1.1

0.17 0.28
1400

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44%
63%
29%
9%
16%
6%
14%
35%
40%
30%
5%
12%
6%
16%

42.5 8.67

0.294
12 2.2

0.77 0.13

0.27 760

0.36 28
38 24
25 57
26 57
22 39
73 24
27 13
15 30
36 30
47 70
34 47
26 65
34 49
63 62
87 <50th
83 66
68 35
39 85
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1174
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 1 of 20 ~ DRAFT ~

CITY OF SAN CLEMENTE

USACE COASTAL STORM DAMAGE REDUCTION PROJECT FINAL EIS/EIR & SEA

MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM (MMRP)
JULY 2023
Project Name: San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Description: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the City of San Clemente (City) have prepared a joint Final Feasibility Study and Final Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (FEIS/FEIR) and Supplemental Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact (SEA/FONSI) for the Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project (Project). The FEIS/FEIR evaluates potential options for reducing storm damage related coastal erosion over a 50-year period. The Proposed Project in San Clemente includes construction of a 50-foot-wide beach fill along a 3,412-foot-long stretch of shoreline using 250,000 cubic yards of compatible sediment, with renourishment in same amount every 6 years on average over a 50-year period of Federal participation, for a total of 8 additional nourishments. Material for the beach fills will be dredged from a borrow site located off the coast of San Diego County. Physical monitoring of the performance of the project will be required annually throughout the 50-year period of Federal participation. The Proposed Project would provide coastal storm damage reduction throughout the project areas and would maintain and enhance the existing recreational beach.

Project Location: The project consists of a public beach segment along the San Clemente Shoreline which is 3,412 feet long and borrow site 2A located offshore of Oceanside.

Purpose: The following Mitigation Measure Reporting Program (MMRP) includes Mitigation Measures from the NEPA/CEQA documents as well as other Environmental Monitoring Commitments that are standard operating procedures (SOP) and/or best management practices (BMPs) for such a project and additional project conditions of approval (conditions) and have been incorporated into the Project and are to be implemented before, during, or after construction of the initial fill and renourishment events as required and as noted below in accordance with the FEIS/FEIR and SEA/FONSI. Additional project design features and best management practices, which are not require Mitigation Measures, are also listed in this document in an effort to be as comprehensible as possible. $77$&+0(17
1175
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 2 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference

SEA / FONSI
Green Sea Turtle Monitoring
During dredging, transit to and from the Oceanside Borrow Site, and placement of dredged material at the Placement Area, a qualified biologist or qualified monitor with experience monitoring GST will be onboard the hopper dredge to monitor for the presence of GST. The GST monitor will identify and communicate if there is a need to cease or alter operations to avoid impacts to GST. Additional details in Appendix A (Green Sea Turtle Monitoring Program).

Duration of active
dredging/
placement
activities
USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
Physical Monitoring Continuing construction monitoring efforts will consist of direct surveys of the beach and seabed morphology. Survey methods will consist of topographic measurements, bathymetric measurements, surf quality observations, and video stereo photogrammetric methods. The monitoring period will begin one year before construction (for the surf quality observations) and continue for the 50- year period of Federal involvement. Beach width measurements shall be obtained from the subaerial portion of the beach. Conventional topographic measurements will be obtained of the sub-aerial portion of the beach and bathymetric measurements of the surf zone and seabed morphology will be obtained using conventional acoustic sonar methods. Measurements will be obtained along pre-determined transects that coincide with historical transect locations, and mass points to develop a well- defined terrain model of the littoral system.

Post-construction USACE and City of
San Clemente
IFR (coastal engineering
appendix); CZMA
(page 8)
California Coastal Commission Federal Consistency Determination Project Conditions Grunion Monitoring (if Project extends into Grunion season) If unanticipated delays result in a time extension of disposal into the grunion season (which is typically March through August), prior to any such sand placement, the USACE will inform the CCC staff, and agree to implement and adhere to the same grunion monitoring measures, mitigation triggers, and mitigation requirements as those adopted by the Commission on June 15, 2011, in its review of the San Diego Association of Governments’ (SANDAG’s) coastal development permit 6-11-018, Condition No. 8 (Grunions).

If construction
extends to March
- August
USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Exhibit 13,
Appendix C)
1176
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 3 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference Final Monitoring Plans Prior to commencement of construction, the USACE will provide to the CCC Executive Director, for review and concurrence, a copy of the final Preconstruction Engineering and Design (PED) phase surveys and the subsequent monitoring plans, including:
x the final biological (reef/surfgrass) Mitigation and
Monitoring Plan (MMRP), including all surveys conducted in preparation of that plan; x the surfing monitoring plan;
x the turbidity monitoring plan;
x the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP); and x (e) the Oil Spill Prevention and Response Plan (OSPRP).

Pre-construction Complete USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Section 5.2)
Biological Resources The final MMRP shall assure:
x that biological monitoring of all offshore potential impact areas shall be for a minimum of 2 years pre-construction and 2 years post construction; x that monitoring and analytical methods are adequate to identify and accurately measure all short- and long-term impacts from the beach nourishment effort; x that appropriate mitigation sites are available to address potential impacts; and
x that the success criteria and analytical methods used are adequate to demonstrate a difference between impact/mitigation site and control sites.

Construction shall not commence until the USACE has received written concurrence from the CCC Executive Director that the MMRP satisfies all these criteria.

Pre-construction
(2 years)
Post-construction
(2 years)
Completed
2018-2020
USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Section 5.2);
MMRP
Surf Monitoring Adequate baseline data collection, including, if feasible, a full year of preconstruction monitoring to determine the baseline condition. Additional details in Appendix B (Surf Monitoring Program).

Pre-construction Complete USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Section 5.2 &
Exhibit 15,
Appendix C);
CZMA (page 8)
Construction Staging Plan
The staging plans will assure:
x that staging will not be permitted on public beaches, within public beach parking lots, or in any other location that would otherwise restrict public access to the beach; and Construction USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Section 5.2)
1177
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 4 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference x that the minimum number of public parking spaces (on and off-street) that are required for the staging of equipment, machinery and employee parking and that are otherwise necessary to implement the project will be used.

Water Resources Plan The SWPPP will assure that:
x the contractor will not store any construction materials or waste where it will be or could potentially be subject to wave erosion and dispersion; x no machinery will be placed, stored or otherwise located in the intertidal zone at any time, except for the minimum necessary to implement the project; x construction equipment will not be washed on the beach; x where practicable, the contractor will use biodegradable (e.g., vegetable oil-based) lubricants and hydraulic fluids, and/or electric or natural gas-powered equipment; and x immediately upon completion of construction and/or when the staging site is no longer needed, the site shall be returned to its preconstruction state.

Construction USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Section 5.2)
On-going Monitoring Reports to CCC
USACE will provide to the CCC Executive Director all monitoring reports, including biological monitoring (including biological mitigation monitoring), surfing monitoring, turbidity, and spill prevention and response monitoring, long-term shoreline monitoring, and cultural resource surveys.

Construction USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Section 5.2)
Out-of-kind Mitigation justification to CCC
For any mitigation shown necessary by the post-construction monitoring, USACE will not proceed to implement out-of-kind mitigations (e.g., using kelp habitat to mitigate surfgrass impacts, or providing mid-water habitat to mitigate for shallow water habitat impacts) without showing to the satisfaction of the CCC Executive Director that in-kind mitigation is infeasible. In addition, if out-of-kind mitigation is agreed to and implemented, the mitigation ratio shall be 4:1 (i.e., 4 acres of mitigation for one acre of (impact), and the area measured as the impact area shall be the entire seafloor area (and not, e.g., the acreage of scattered boulders alone).

Construction USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Section 5.2)
Renourishment Notification to CCC
USACE will notify the Executive Director prior to any reinitiation (after the first phase) of nourishment, and the USACE shall not implement any such renourishment until the CCC Executive Director has received all of the monitoring reports required by Pre-construction
for future/
subsequent
USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Section 5.2)
1178
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 5 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference that time, reviewed them, and agreed that the biological impacts have been mitigated and affected habitat restored to pre-project conditions. renourishment
events
RWQCB Section 401 Water Quality Certification Permit Conditions Stormwater Management Plan to SDRWQCB
USACE must submit a stormwater management plan for review by the SDRQQCB. The stormwater management plan must include measures for avoiding and minimizing indirect impacts to aquatic resources from Project activities.

Pre-construction
(NLT 30 days
prior)
In Process USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Section 5.2)
Eelgrass Monitoring A pre-construction eelgrass survey must be completed in accordance with the requirements of the CEMP. If eelgrass identified within 30 ft of project area, USACE must implement best management practices for the protection of eelgrass beds, as described in Attachment 3 of the SDRWQCB Order; and complete a post-construction eelgrass survey, performed by a qualified biologist, within 30 days following the completion of in-water Project activities. The post-construction survey shall be used to quantify and determine mitigation for any losses to eelgrass in conformance with the CEMP.

Pre-construction
(NET 90 days
prior)
Post-construction
(within 30 days if
needed)
USACE and City of
San Clemente
SDRWQCB order
Caulerpa Monitoring If applicable, USACE must conduct a surveillance-level survey for Caulerpa taxifolia and Caulerpa prolifera, in accordance with the requirements in the National Marine Fisheries Service’s Caulerpa Control Protocol, not more than 90 days before the start of in-water Project activities to determine presence/absence of this species within the immediate vicinity of the project. If any Caulerpa are identified during a survey, or at any other time before, during, or within 120 days following completion of authorized activities, both National Marine Fisheries Service and California Department of Fish and Wildlife must be contacted within 24 hours of first noting the occurrence. If any Caulerpa are detected, all disturbing activity must cease until such time as the infestation has been isolated and treated, or the risk of spread from the disturbing activity is eliminated in accordance with the Caulerpa Control Protocol.

Pre-construction
(NET 90 days
prior)
Construction
Post-construction
(120 days after)
USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Section 5.2)
Water Quality Monitoring
USACE must conduct visual monitoring of Project activities in the Pacific Ocean prior to, during, and after each period of project construction (e.g., pile extraction and driving) as described below. The receiving water visual monitoring Pre-construction
Construction
Post-construction
Ongoing USACE and City of
San Clemente
SDRWQCB order
1179
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 6 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference documentation must be included in the Annual Progress Reports as described in Attachment 2 of the SDRWQCB Order. The following parameters shall be visually monitored immediately outside of the construction area: floating particulates, suspended materials, surface visible turbidity plume; and Grease, oil, sheen, odor, color, or any other significant discoloration of the water surface.

Annual Progress Report
USACE must submit Annual Progress Reports to the SDRWQCB prior to March 1 of each year following the issuance of the Order and continue to provide the reports until the SDRWQCB accepts the Project Completion Notification submitted by the USACE. Annual Progress Reports must be submitted even if Project activities are not conducted during the reporting period. Annual reports must contain the status and anticipated schedule for both the Project and Compensatory Mitigation site(s). Additional requirements for the contents of Annual Progress Reports are detailed in Attachment 2 of the SDRWQCB Order. Annual Progress Reports must include, at a minimum, the following:
x The status and anticipated schedule for completion of Project construction activities, including the installation and operational status of construction best management practices for water quality protection; x A description of any Project construction delays
encountered or anticipated that may affect the schedule; and x Photo documentation of all areas of impact before and after construction. Photo documentation must be conducted in accordance with SDRWQCB posted guidelines.

Annually prior to
March 1 until
project
completion
USACE and City of
San Clemente
SDRWQCB order
Geographic Information System Data
USACE must submit Geographic Information System (GIS) shapefiles and metadata that show the Project site(s) and impact areas associated with the Project. As part of the final Annual Progress Report, the USACE must submit GIS shape files and metadata that show mitigation site(s), including extent and distribution of aquatic resources.

Construction
(within 30 days
of start)
USACE and City of
San Clemente
2023

SEA/FONSI
(Section 5.2)
1180
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 7 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference Final EIS/EIR Air Quality Potentially Significant Impact: The EIS/EIR identifies potential significant indirect impact AQ-50-3: Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in non-attainment under an applicable Federal or State ambient air quality standard.

MM-AQ-50-3.1: The construction contractors shall use on-shore heavy equipment that meets Tier II or higher air pollutant emission standards where these standards are applicable and equipment available. MM-AQ-50-3.2: All heavy equipment shall be maintained and tuned per manufacturer's specifications to perform at California Air Resources Board (CARB) and/or EPA certification, where applicable, levels and to perform at verified standards applicable to retrofit technologies.

Construction USACE and
City of San
Clemente
Final

EIS/EIR
Construction USACE and
City of San
Clemente
Final

EIS/EIR
Potentially Significant and Unavoidable Cumulative Impact: Section 6.2.1 of the EIS/EIR states that construction of the related projects would be short-term and depending on the extent of construction, could have effects similar to or greater than that of the proposed Project. Even with the prescribed mitigation, the proposed action is anticipated to exceed the significance threshold limitations for NOx and PM2.5. In accordance with SCAQMD methodology, projects that exceed the daily threshold values and cannot be mitigated to less than the SCAQMD thresholds add significantly to the cumulative impact. As such, the beach fill Project also is considered as significant and unavoidable at the cumulative level.

MM-AQ-50-3.1: The construction contractors shall use on-shore heavy equipment that meets Tier II or higher air pollutant emission standards where these standards are applicable and equipment available. MM-AQ-50-3.2: All heavy equipment shall be maintained and tuned per manufacturer's specifications to perform at California Air Resources Board (CARB) and/or EPA certification, where applicable, levels and to perform at verified standards applicable to retrofit technologies.

Construction USACE and
City of San
Clemente
Final

EIS/EIR
1181
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 8 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference Water Resources, Sediments, Oceanography Potentially Significant Impact: The
EIS/EIR identifies potential significant indirect impact WQ-50-1: The water quality objectives in the California Ocean Plan (SWRCB 2005) are violated.

MM-WR-50-1.1: A SWPPP and an OSPRP shall be prepared for all construction activities. These plans shall specify specific measures that shall be taken during dredging and beach construction to avoid introducing contaminants to the ocean via leaks and spills. All measures shall be adhered to during Project construction. MM-WR-50-1.2: Turbidity shall be monitored during dredging. If a visible turbidity plume is observed beyond the immediate dredging area, dredging activities shall be modified (e.g., decrease the rate of dredging, move to a new dredge location) until the turbidity plume disperses. Turbidity also shall be monitored during beach fill operations. If significant turbidity (i.e., a visible turbidity plume beyond the surf zone or rip current area) is observed, beach fill operations shall be modified (e.g., by slowing the rate of fill) until the turbidity plume disperses.

Construction USACE and
City of San
Clemente
Final

EIS/EIR
Potentially Significant Impact: The EIS/EIR identifies potential significant indirect impact WQ-50-2: Project operations or discharges that change background levels of chemical and physical constituents or elevate turbidity would produce long-term changes in the receiving environment of the site, area, or region that would impair the beneficial uses of the receiving water.

MM-WR-50-1.2: Turbidity shall be monitored during dredging. If a visible turbidity plume is observed beyond the immediate dredging area, dredging activities shall be modified (e.g., decrease the rate of dredging, move to a new dredge location) until the turbidity plume disperses. Turbidity also shall be monitored during beach fill operations. If significant turbidity (i.e., a visible turbidity plume beyond the surf zone or rip current area) is observed, beach fill operations shall be modified (e.g., by slowing the rate of fill) until the turbidity plume disperses.

Construction USACE and
City of San
Clemente
Final

EIS/EIR
Biological Resources
MM-BR-50-2.1: An underwater survey for kelp and surfgrass shall be conducted by marine biologists prior to the initiation of beach fill activities. Based on the survey, a mooring location and a pipeline route shall be selected that minimizes contact with surfgrass and kelp habitat. If kelp and surfgrass Preconstruction,
Construction,
and Postconstruction
Preconstruction
monitoring
completed
in 2020
USACE and
City of San
Clemente
Final

EIS/EIR
1182
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 9 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference Potentially Significant and Unavoidable Impact: The EIS/EIR identifies potential significant indirect impact BR-50-2: A longterm net loss in the habitat value of a sensitive biological habitat. For the purposes of this analysis, kelp beds, surfgrass beds, and well developed rocky intertidal are considered sensitive biological habitats. cannot be avoided completely, immediately following beach fill activities, another survey of the mooring and pipeline areas shall be conducted to determine whether kelp and surfgrass were damaged. If substantial damage to surfgrass or kelp occurs, an additional survey shall be conducted six months after the beach fill to determine if kelp and surfgrass have recovered. If substantial damage to kelp and eelgrass is still observed, restoration of habitat shall be implemented in consultation with the resource agencies.

MM-BR-50-2.2: Shallow subtidal surfgrass beds in the vicinity of San Clemente Beach shall be monitored to determine whether the proposed action adversely affects shallow subtidal reefs and surfgrass. Underwater transects shall be established offshore and downcoast from the proposed receiver beach. Control transects also shall be established upcoast of the project area. The transects shall be monitored by qualified biologists before and after the proposed action to determine whether the beach fill results in a longterm loss of surfgrass and/or reef habitat. The mitigation and monitoring plan is included as Vol. I, Appendix B. If adverse significant impacts to surfgrass and/or reef habitat compared to controls and baseline conditions are observed from the monitoring, subsequent nourishment activities will be modified to avoid or minimize these impacts as part of adaptive management. If adverse significant impacts still are observed after all reasonable attempts to avoid or minimize impacts have been exhausted, additional renourishment would not occur until impacted surfgrass has recovered or compensatory mitigation is completed. Compensatory mitigation will consist of the creation of shallow rocky habitat in the Project area at a site to be determined in consultation with NOAA Fisheries and CDFG. Rocky reef habitat will be created in the Project area at a ratio of 1 acre of Preconstruction,
Construction,
and Postconstruction
Preconstruction
monitoring
completed
in 2020
USACE and
City of San
Clemente
Final

EIS/EIR
1183
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 10 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference rocky reef habitat created for 1 acre of rocky reef habitat buried. If the monitoring determines that surfgrass has been affected by the Project, an experimental surfgrass restoration will be implemented. A successful method to transplant surfgrass has not been demonstrated, but recent studies by researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara, have demonstrated some success restoring surfgrass using sprigs (Bull et al 2004).

Biological Resources
Potentially Significant and Unavoidable Impact: The EIS/EIR identifies potential significant indirect impact BR-50-5: Substantial adverse impact on Essential Fish Habitat.

MM-BR-50-2.1: An underwater survey for kelp and surfgrass shall be conducted by marine biologists prior to the initiation of beach fill activities. Based on the survey, a mooring location and a pipeline route shall be selected that minimizes contact with surfgrass and kelp habitat. If kelp and surfgrass cannot be avoided completely, immediately following beach fill activities, another survey of the mooring and pipeline areas shall be conducted to determine whether kelp and surfgrass were damaged. If substantial damage to surfgrass or kelp occurs, an additional survey shall be conducted six months after the beach fill to determine if kelp and surfgrass have recovered. If substantial damage to kelp and eelgrass is still observed, restoration of habitat shall be implemented in consultation with the resource agencies. MM-BR-50-2.2: Shallow subtidal surfgrass beds in the vicinity of San Clemente Beach shall be monitored to determine whether the proposed action adversely affects shallow subtidal reefs and surfgrass. Underwater transects shall be established offshore and downcoast from the proposed receiver beach. Control transects also shall be established upcoast of the project area. The transects shall be monitored by qualified biologists before and after the proposed action to determine whether the beach fill results in a longterm loss of surfgrass and/or reef habitat. If adverse significant impacts to surfgrass and/or reef Preconstruction,
construction
and post
construction.

Preconstruction
monitoring
completed in
2020.

USACE, City
and
Contractors
Final

EIS/EIR
1184
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 11 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference habitat compared to controls and baseline conditions are observed from the monitoring, subsequent nourishment activities will be modified to avoid or minimize these impacts as part of adaptive management. If adverse significant impacts still are observed after all reasonable attempts to avoid or minimize impacts have been exhausted, additional renourishment would not occur until impacted surfgrass has recovered or compensatory mitigation is completed. Compensatory mitigation will consist of the creation of shallow rocky habitat in the Project area at a site to be determined in consultation with NOAA Fisheries and CDFW. Rocky reef habitat will be created in the Project area at a ratio of 1 acre of rocky reef habitat created for 1 acre of rocky reef habitat buried. If the monitoring determines that surfgrass has been affected by the Project, an experimental surfgrass restoration will be implemented. A successful method to transplant surfgrass has not been demonstrated, but recent studies by researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara, have demonstrated some success restoring surfgrass using sprigs.

Cultural Resources
Potentially Significant Impact: The Project has the potential for significant impact CR-50-1: Result in potentially significant impacts on cultural resources from project implementation.

MM-CR-50-1: Any earthmoving associated with this Project that will involve previously undisturbed soil will be monitored by a qualified archeologist who meets the Secretary of Interior’s Standards for an Archeologist (see 36 CFR Part 61). Earthmoving includes grubbing and ground clearing, grading, and excavation activities. If a previously unidentified cultural resource (i.e., property) that may be eligible for the NRHP is discovered, all earthmoving activities in the vicinity of the discovery shall be diverted until the USACE complies with 36 CFR § 800.13(a)(2).

Construction USACE and
City of San
Clemente
Final

EIS/EIR
MM-CR-50-2: Prior to construction, offshore borrow areas 1 and 2 will be subjected to an underwater remote sensing survey in order to determine if submerged cultural resources are Preconstruction Completed: June 3,
2020
USACE and
City of San
Clemente
Final

EIS/EIR
1185
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 12 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference present within these areas. The USACE will comply with Section 106 of the NRHP and its implementing regulations at 36 CFR 800, as amended. This compliance involves the identification and evaluation of cultural resources and consultation with the California State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), Native American tribes, and interested parties.

Noise Potentially Significant Impact: The
Project has the potential for significant impact N-50-4: Result in substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project.

MM-N-50-3.1: The City of San Clemente Noise Element discusses the potential impacts of construction noise on the residents and requires construction to employ feasible and practical techniques and practices that minimize the generation of excessive noise on adjacent land uses. The Applicant shall implement the following:
x Regardless of dredge activity timing, onshore
equipment shall be restricted to the hours included in the City of San Clemente Noise Ordinance discussed above. x To reduce the nuisance value of on-shore
construction noise, on-shore construction activities located within 500 ft (152 m) of any residential unit shall not begin before 8:00 a.m. (as opposed to 7:00 a.m. as allowed in the Noise Ordinance). Work beyond may be performed in accordance with the hours included in the City Noise Ordinance. This provision shall not apply to any equipment mobilizing from the staging area that may pass within 500 ft (152 m) so long as it is not actively engaged in the movement of sand. x During all construction, the Project contractors
shall equip all onshore construction equipment with properly operating and maintained mufflers and engine shrouds consistent with manufacturers’ standards. x All heavy equipment shall be maintained in a
proper state of tune as per the manufacturers’ specifications.

Construction USACE and
City of San
Clemente
Final

EIS/EIR
1186
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 13 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference x The Project contractor shall place any stationary
construction equipment as far as feasible from proximate receptor locations.

Recreation Potentially Significant Impact: The
Project has the potential for significant impact REC-50-4: Result in a safety hazard to recreational beach users.

MM-REC-50-4.1: Provide signs to warn swimmers, waders and surfers of potentially hazardous surf conditions. Provide extra lifeguards.

Construction USACE, City
and
Contractors
Final

EIS/EIR
Potentially significant and unavoidable short term and temporary impacts to Recreation have been identified in EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 6.2.9 as there is the possibility that the initial beach fill or future maintenance nourishment activity may occur simultaneously along with Dana Point Harbor maintenance dredging activities. The cumulative presence of dredges and related dredging equipment may interrupt recreational activity in the Project vicinity for the duration of construction. Assuming beach use is low during the construction period, as it is planned for fall and winter seasons, cumulative impacts may be potentially significant, but temporary and short term in nature.

MM-REC-50-4.1: Provide signs to warn swimmers, waders and surfers of potentially hazardous surf conditions. Provide extra lifeguards.

Construction USACE, City
and
Contractors
Final

EIS/EIR
Public Health and Safety
MM-WR-50-1.1: A SWPPP and an OSPRP shall be prepared for all construction activities. These plans shall specify specific measures that shall be taken during dredging and beach construction to avoid introducing contaminants to the ocean via leaks and spills. All measures shall be adhered to during Project construction.

PreConstruction
and
Construction
USACE, City
and
Contractors
Final

EIS/EIR
1187
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 14 of 20 Mitigation Measure / Monitoring Commitment Description Period of Compliance Date of Compliance Responsible Party Reference Potentially Significant Impact: The Project has the potential for significant impact PHS-50-1: Substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for fire protection, police protection, schools, parks, and/or other public facilities.

MM-WR-50-1.2: Turbidity shall be monitored during dredging. If a visible turbidity plume is observed beyond the immediate dredging area, dredging activities shall be modified (e.g., decrease the rate of dredging, move to a new dredge location) until the turbidity plume disperses. Turbidity also shall be monitored during beach fill operations. If significant turbidity (i.e., a visible turbidity plume beyond the surf zone or rip current area) is observed, beach fill operations shall be modified (e.g., by slowing the rate of fill) until the turbidity plume disperses.

Construction USACE, City
and
Contractors
Final

EIS/EIR
1188
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 15 of 20 Appendix A – Green Sea Turtle Monitoring Program Details Requirements Period of Compliance Responsible Party Inflow screening must be designed to capture and retain material for the qualified biologist to monitor for the presence of ESAlisted species. The screened area must be accessible to the biological monitor to ensure 100% observer coverage. The biological monitor must inspect the contents of all inflow screening boxes after every load, including opening the box (where applicable and safely accessible) and looking inside at all contents for evidence of ESA-listed species entrainment. If the contents are not clearly visible and identifiable from a location outside of the box, then in limited instances, the biologicalmonitor may be required to enter the inflow box to identify contents for evidence of ESA-listed species take. All hopper dredges are required to have 100% inflow screening unless they must be removed for safety due to clogging as outlined below. x Inflow screening size will start at 4-inch by 4-inch, but may be gradually adjusted to a larger screen size if clogging reduces the ability for the qualified biologist to monitor the inflow for the presence of ESA-listed species or if clogging reduces dredging production and thereby expands the time dredging is required. Scenarios that may result in the clogging of inflow and overflow screens are dredged and project specific. x All modifications will be made in close coordination with the dredging contractor, qualified biologist, appropriate USACE project managers, and NMFS. The USACE will provide NMFS with a notification when screen sizes are increased or inflow screens are removed that will include an explanation of what attempts were made to reduce the clogging problem, how long the problem may persist, and how effective overflow screening will be achieved. x If inflow screens are increased to be larger than 4-inch by 4-inch or are removed due to clogging, the USACE will continue to re-evaluate the risk of clogging on a load by load basis and the inflow screens will be reinstated when clogging is no longer occurring. The USACE will track the number of loads that inflow screens were removed as part of the reporting requirements. x Hopper dredge operators will not open the hydraulic doors on the inflow boxes prior to inspection by the qualified biologist for evidence of ESA-listed take.
x If the inflow box cannot be observed due to clogging, the box contents cannot be dumped or flushed unless overflow screening that captures contents for observation by the qualified biologist is operational and monitored for evidence of take. Once overflow screening is operational, the qualified biologist shall also visually monitor box contents as they are dumped or flushed into the hopper. All hopper dredges are recommended to have operational overflow screening and monitor for take after each load. Overflow screening is required to be installed and monitored after each load if the inflow screening is removed or bypassed due to clogging. x Overflow screening must be designed to capture and retain material larger than the screen size for the qualified biologist to monitor for the presence of ESA-listed species. The screened area must be accessible to the qualified biologist to inspect for evidence of ESA-listed species take. x Screen size will start at 4-inch by 4-inch, but may be adjusted to a larger screen size if clogging reduces the ability for the qualified biologist to monitor the screen for the presence of ESA-listed species or if clogging reduces dredging production and thereby expands the time dredging is required. All modifications will be made in close coordination with the dredging contractor, qualified biologist, appropriate USACE project managers, and NMFS. If screen sizes are increased due to clogging, the risk of clogging will be re-evaluated weekly and the overflow screens will be reinstated using the smallest screen size that can be effectively used (preferably 4 inch by 4 inch) when clogging is no longer occurring.

Construction USACE / City of
San Clemente (via
dredging
contractor)
1189
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 16 of 20 Requirements Period of Compliance Responsible Party To prevent impingement or entrainment of ESA-listed species within the water column, dredging pumps will be disengaged by the operator when the dragheads are not actively dredging and therefore working to keep the draghead firmly on the bottom. Pumps will be disengaged when lowering dragheads to the bottom to start dredging, turning, or lifting dragheads off the bottom at the completion of dredging. Hopper dredges may utilize a bypass or other system that would allow pumps to remain engaged, but result in no suction passing through the draghead.

Construction USACE / City of
San Clemente (via
dredging
contractor)
Pumping water through the dragheads is not allowed while maneuvering or during travel to/from the disposal or pumpout area. The dredge operator will ensure the draghead is embedded in sediment when pumps are operational, to the maximum extent practicable.

Construction USACE / City of
San Clemente (via
dredging
contractor)
If green sea turtles are regularly seen by project monitors in the action area, especially within the vicinity of hopper dredging operations, the USACE shall contact NMFS to discuss implementation of any additional measures to reduce the risks of direct contact injuries or other adverse effects, along with potential modification of the green sea turtle monitoring plan to more specifically evaluate the impacts of the proposed project within this specific area.

Construction USACE / City of
San Clemente (via
dredging
contractor)
If the USACE’s final monitoring and mitigation plan indicates that the currently available pre-construction survey information is inadequate to assess impacts to nearshore rocky reef and associated biological communities, and additional pre-construction physical and biological monitoring is not practicable to implement prior to the first nourishment event, then the USACE should utilize acoustic survey techniques similar to that already obtained for pre-construction purposes (i.e., Nearshore and Wetland Surveys 2018) to assess change in area of rocky reef substrate after completion of sediment placement. In this circumstance, any post-construction reductions in reef area that are measured which exceed a statistically reliable estimate of natural variability within the action area should be assumed to be due to the Project, and the USACE should implement rocky reef creation consistent with the associated environmental commitment in the EIS/EIR, or a functionally equivalent mitigation alternative. In addition, in this circumstance the USACE should assume some reduction in quantity and/or quality of surfgrass habitat and should implement the test surfgrass transplant as planned for in the EIS/EIR.

Post-construction USACE
During any reef construction operations, a qualified biologist will monitor for the presence of ESA-listed green sea turtles. The barge operator will maintain a safe working environment for the qualified biologist. The green sea turtle monitor will identifyand communicate if there is a need to cease or alter operations to avoid impacts to green sea turtles. The biologist or monitorwill clear the construction area and confirm no green sea turtles are present 30 minutes prior to the startup of reef placement operations. If a green sea turtle is observed within the vicinity of the project site during project operations, all appropriate precautions shall be implemented to avoid or minimize unintended impacts. These precautions include but are not limited to:
x Cessation of operations within 100 feet of an observed green sea turtle; · x Operations may not resume until the green sea turtle has departed the monitoring zone by its own accord or has not been observed for a 15-minute period of time; and
x Maneuver the barge to avoid any free-swimming green sea turtles observed during transit.

Post-construction
if required
USACE
Adequate lighting will be provided during nighttime operations (i.e., dredging, dredge material transport and placement) to allow the monitor to observe the surrounding area effectively.

Construction USACE / City of
San Clemente (via
dredging
contractor)
1190
Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 17 of 20 Requirements Period of Compliance Responsible Party The biologist or monitor will clear the dredging area and confirm no GSTs are present 30 minutes prior to the startup of dredging operations.

Construction USACE / City of
San Clemente (via
dredging
contractor)
If a GST is observed within the vicinity of the project site during project operations, all appropriate precautions shall be implemented to avoid or minimize unintended impacts. These precautions include, but are not limited to:
x Cessation of operations within 100 feet of an observed GST; x Operations may not resume until the GST has departed the monitoring zone by its own accord or has not been observed for a 15-minute period of time; and
x Maneuver the hopper dredge to avoid any free-swimming GSTs observed during transit.

Construction USACE / City of
San Clemente (via
dredging
contractor)
Biological monitors will maintain a written log of all GST observations during project operations. This observation log will be provided to the USACE and NMFS as an attachment to the postconstruction report for the project. Each observation log will contain the following information:
x Observer name and title;
x Type of construction activity (maintenance dredging, etc.); x Date and time animal first observed (for each observation); x Date and time observation ended (for each observation). A GST observation will terminate if (1) an animal is observed exiting the monitoring zone or (2) after a 15-minute period of no observation (assumption is that animal has exited, but was not observed to do so); x Location of monitor (latitude/longitude), direction of GST in relation to the monitor, and estimated distance (in meters) of GST to the monitor; and
x Nature and duration of equipment shutdown.

Construction USACE / City of
San Clemente (via
dredging
contractor)
The Contractor will implement an Environmental Protection Plan that will include a GST Monitoring and Avoidance Plan and an employee training program on GST observation protocols, avoidance, and minimization measures. The program will be conducted by the Biological Monitor and a record kept of dates of training, names and positions of attending employees, and an outline of the training presentation.

Construction USACE / City of
San Clemente (via
dredging
contractor)
In addition to a monitor onboard the hopper dredge, a qualified biologist or qualified monitor with experience monitoring green sea turtles will be onboard any construction barge used for creating rocky reefs as compensatory mitigation, and will monitor for the presence and behavior of green sea turtles.

Post-construction
if required
USACE
Upon completion of each nourishment event and any compensatory mitigation activities, the USACE shall complete a report summarizing all data recorded during all monitoring throughout all phases of the proposed project, including all documentation and summary analysis of the presence and behavior of green sea turtles, effectiveness of the monitoring and avoidance measures, and assessment of any potential impacts that may have occurred throughout the entire proposed action.

Post-construction USACE
Prior to initiating the proposed project, the USACE shall provide NMFS WCR an updated monitoring plan for minimizing and avoiding the impacts of project activities on sea turtles.

Pre-construction USACE
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Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 18 of 20 Requirements Period of Compliance Responsible Party The USACE shall require project monitors, key contractors and USACE project personnel to attend a project briefing prior to starting work on the proposed project. The project briefing shall review the protocols for minimization and avoidance of impacts to sea turtles as described in this biological opinion, as well as review the latest scientific information regarding green sea turtle ecology in the action area.

Pre-construction USACE / City of
San Clemente (via
dredging
contractor)
Prior to initiating the proposed project and in coordination with NMFS WCR, the USACE shall develop and provide NMFS WCR a detailed final monitoring and mitigation reporting plan regarding Project effects on nearshore rocky reef habitat and associated biological communities. The USACE shall coordinate with Bryant Chesney ([email protected]) prior to final submission. The final plan and any updates shall be provided to Dan Lawson at the email address identified above. The monitoring and mitigation plan shall be developed to address and evaluate the accuracy of key assumptions and expectations regarding the anticipated environmental impacts of the proposed action in comparison to any resulting impacts that do occur; the adequacy of the monitoring and analytical methods to identify and accurately measure impacts from the beach nourishment effort. the physical and biological monitoring of key habitat features throughout the sediment equilibrium footprint, such as the area of bedrock, boulder, cobble, and sand bottom habitat, as well as indicators of habitat quality, such as surfgrass, algae, and invertebrate cover and abundance; the appropriate mitigation sites for rocky reef creation and/or alternative mitigation activities that could enhance the quantity and/or quality of green sea turtle foraging and resting habitat; and the reporting timeline and process for documenting the extent of incidental take of green sea turtles through nearshore reef burial and/or sedimentation. At a minimum, the monitoring plan should report the extent of reef habitat within the sediment equilibrium footprint and quantify any reduction in rocky reef area. In addition, the report shall document any reductions in cover of surfgrass, macroalgae, and sessile invertebrates within the sediment equilibrium footprint. A draft report for each monitoring event shall be provided to NMFS WCR within 60 days following completion of habitat monitoring activities by email to [email protected], with a final report provided within 90 days.

Pre-construction USACE
Prior to initiation of any future beach renourishment events, the USACE shall develop, in coordination with NMFS WCR, a standardized and consistent protocol for assessing impacts to nearshore rocky reef communities for future events based upon consideration of any deficiencies identified in development of the final monitoring and mitigation reporting plan described in 1F above, information collected from monitoring during the initial nourishment event, and other relevant impact assessment approaches used for similar types of projects. The protocol and any updates shall be provided to Dan Lawson at the same email address listed above.

Post-construction USACE
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Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 19 of 20 Appendix B – Surfzone Monitoring Program
Requirements Period of Compliance Responsible Party Adequate baseline data collection, including, if feasible, a full year of preconstruction monitoring to determine the baseline condition. If this is infeasible, then another local surf site should be monitored as a control (e.g., Lower Trestles, which isalready monitored daily and shown on the website: www.surfline.com).

Pre-construction USACE / City of
San Clemente
Identification of locations to be monitored, the length of the pre-project monitoring, and interest groups to be involved in establishing the monitoring effort to identify surfing or surf quality changes that might be attributable to the nourishment project, including identifying criteria for a determination of what constitutes a significant alteration or impact.

Pre-construction USACE / City of
San Clemente
Supplementing the “wave observation” component of the surf monitoring with observations about the surfing activities, including a usage scale of surfers in the water, both morning and mid-day, and describing the average and maximum ride lengths.

Pre-construction USACE / City of
San Clemente
Given that video recordings are included, if observer counts are too difficult for one observer, video may be used to augment observer counts.

Pre-construction USACE / City of
San Clemente
When collecting user data, the analysis should be disaggregated into weekday and weekend data. Pre-construction USACE / City of San Clemente
For mid-day observations on days when surfers are kept out of the water by lifeguards, these should be recorded as restricted use days (not zero use days).

Pre-construction USACE / City of
San Clemente
Establishing mechanisms for informing the local community about the project, and encouraging public comments on surfing quality (or other recreational concerns), including but not limited to:
x a web site;
x pre-construction notifications to the public; and
x signs.

Pre-construction USACE / City of
San Clemente
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Draft San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project MMRP Page 20 of 20 Appendix C – Additional Operational Recommendations, SOPs and BMPs (Non – NEPA & CEQA RELATED) Standard Operating Procedures and/or Best Management Practices Description Party Responsible Reference
Recreation Contract specifications shall require the contractor to fence/secure off areas of construction from public access, including construction staging areas and active construction areas, including the beach and nearshore zone.

Contractor;
USACE; City of
San Clemente
Final EIS/EIS
Navigational Safety x The dredge would be equipped with markings and lightings in accordance with the U.S. Coast Guard regulations.
x The location and schedule of the dredge would be published in the U.S. Coast Guard Local Notice to Mariners.
x The dredge would travel at very low speeds (approximately 1.5 knots) during dredging operations. x The travel speed during transport would be approximately 5 knots. x During dredging and nourishment activities, proper advanced notice to mariners would be obtained, and navigational traffic would not be allowed within the offshore borrow site area or mooring/discharge area offshore of Oceanside.

Contractor;
USACE
Final EIS/EIR
Commercial Fishing Association Notification
The local commercial fishermen’s association shall be provided with written notification of the intended start date of onshore construction, offshore construction, maps of project-related vessel transportation routes, and its duration. Noticing shall include a point of contact throughout the entire construction phase to respond to concerns regarding interference and/or other issues associated with local commercial fishing operations.

Coast Guard (via
contractor);
USACE
Final EIS/EIR
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CITY OF SAN CLEMENTE

FINDINGS OF FACT
AND

STATEMENT OF OVERRIDING CONSIDERATIONS

FOR THE
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

CITY OF SAN CLEMENTE

COASTAL STORM DAMAGE REDUCTION PROJECT

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT /

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT
(SCH # 2010084002)
July 2023

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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 2 of 24 Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 3

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Project Location ................................................................................................................................... 5

1.3 Project Components ............................................................................................................................ 5

1.4 Project Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 6

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES ....................................................................................................... 7

2.2 CEQA Lead Agency .............................................................................................................................. 7

2.3 Environmental Impact Statement / Environmental Impact Report ................................................. 7

2.4 Public Participation ............................................................................................................................. 7

2.5 Record of Proceedings ........................................................................................................................ 8

3.0 FINDINGS UNDER CEQA ...................................................................................................................... 9

3.2 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 9

3.3 Terminology ......................................................................................................................................... 9

3.4 Legal Effect .......................................................................................................................................... 9

3.5 Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program ................................................................................ 10

4.0 FINDINGS REGARDING POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ....................................................... 11

4.1 Air Quality and Meteorology .............................................................................................................. 11

4.2 Water Resources ............................................................................................................................... 11

4.3 Biological Resources ......................................................................................................................... 12

4.4 Cultural Resources ............................................................................................................................ 15

4.5 Noise .................................................................................................................................................. 16

4.6 Recreation ......................................................................................................................................... 16

4.7 Public Health and Safety .................................................................................................................. 17

5.0 FINDINGS REGARDING EFFECTS THAT ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT ................................................. 18

6.0 FINDINGS REGARDING CUMULATIVE SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS .................................................... 19

6.1 Air Quality and Meteorology .............................................................................................................. 19

6.2 Recreation ......................................................................................................................................... 20

7.0 FINDINGS REGARDING PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................ 22

8.0 STATEMENT OF OVERRIDING CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................... 23

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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 3 of 24

FINDINGS OF FACT

FOR THE
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS & CITY OF SAN CLEMENTE

COASTAL STORM DAMAGE REDUCTION PROJECT

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT /

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT AND

SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
(SCH # 2010084002)

INTRODUCTION
The City Council of the City of San Clemente (“City”) hereby makes the following Findings of Fact concerning the joint Final Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (FEIS/FEIR) (SCH #2010084002) and 2023 Supplemental Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, City of San Clemente Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project (“Project” or “Proposed Project”), pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act, Public Resources Code § 21000, et seq. (“CEQA”), and its implementing regulations, California Code of Regulations, title 14, § 15000, et seq. (“CEQA Guidelines”).

The FEIS/FEIR and SEA/FONSI were prepared for the Proposed Project to identify and evaluate potential options for reducing coastal storm damage and beach erosion over a 50-year period.

The Draft EIS/EIR was filed with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and was made available to interested parties for review and comment pursuant to regulations of the President's Council on Environmental Quality for implementing NEPA (40 CFR Parts 1500-1508).

The Draft EIS/EIR was circulated for a public review period of 45 days, from August 6 through September 20, 2010, to appropriate resource agencies, local interest groups, and individuals (see EIS/EIR, Vol. 1, Chapter 13 for distribution list). A public meeting was held at the Community Development Office at 910 Calle Negocio, San Clemente, CA 92673, on August 19, 2010, at 7 p.m.

The Notice of Availability and Notice of Completion was filed with the State Clearinghouse/Governor’s Office of Planning and Research and County Clerk for a 45-day public review period beginning August 6, 2010.

The USACE is the Lead Agency for the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the City of San Clemente is the Lead Agency for CEQA.

The FEIS/FEIR is divided into two volumes as follows:

Volume I
x Final Joint Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (Final EIS/EIR) x Appendix A – 404(b)(1)
x Appendix B – Biological Resources Monitoring Plan
Volume II
x Appendix C – Air Quality Analysis Report
x Appendix D – Coastal Engineering Report
x Appendix E – Geotechnical Report
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 4 of 24 The FEIS/FEIR includes the DEIS/DEIR as required by CEQA Guidelines § 15132. The potential environmental effects, proposed mitigation measures and alternatives analyzed in the DEIS/DEIR and the responses to public and agency comments contained in the FEIS/FEIR have influenced the design and final selection of the Proposed Project. These environmental documents and procedures reflect the City of San Clemente’s commitment to address all environmental considerations identified during the CEQA/NEPA process into the final project selection, design and mitigation and monitoring commitments.

Additionally, the USACE prepared a Supplemental Environmental Assessment (SEA) to evaluate potential effects on green sea turtles and environmental commitments for nearshore rocky reef resources. GST were not known to be present in the project area in 2011 when the Final EIS/EIR was prepared. However, newly available information indicates GST may utilize the project area.

The Draft SEA was published by the USACE on September 30, 2022. The Final SEA and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) prepared by the USACE and published in June 2023. 1200
Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 5 of 24

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Project is a 50 foot (15 m) resultant beach width. Beach fill would be 3,412 ft (1,040 m) long with a +17 ft (+5.2 m) crest elevation. The dredge volume is estimated to be approximately 251,000 cubic yards (192,000 m3). Maintenance nourishment efforts will occur when the shoreline reaches the 0 ft base beach width (i.e., approximately 35 ft [11 m]) over the project life of 50 years. Maintenance nourishment efforts would return the beach to the design beach width 50 ft (15 m) and would involve up to approximately 251,000 cy (192,000 m3) of material.

1.2 Project Location
The City of San Clemente is located along the coast of southern California about 60 miles south of Los Angeles at the southern end of Orange County near the border with San Diego County. The project site is the public beach in the City of San Clemente and extends along the beach approximately 3,412 ft (1,040 m) from Linda Lane on the north to T-Street on the south and is located within the San Clemente 7.5-minute U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic quadrangle in Section 4 of Township 9 South and Range 7 West.

1.3 Project Components
The Proposed Project is described in additional detail in the FEIS/FEIR, Volume 1. The Proposed Project for coastal storm damage reduction in San Clemente is a Beach Fill Alternative which includes construction of a 50-foot-wide beach fill along a 3,412-foot-long segment of the public beach. At the time of construction, the actual immediate post-construction width is expected to be approximately 76 ft (23 m). The project will require approximately 251,000 cy (192,000 m3) of beach compatible sand. The project is estimated to take 46 working days to construct.

Future renourishment in the amount of 251,000 cubic yards is expected to occur every 5-6 years on average over a 50-year period of Federal participation, for a total of eight additional nourishments.

Material for the beach fills will be dredged from borrow site 2A located south of the City offshore of the City of Oceanside.

Physical monitoring of the performance of the Project will be required annually throughout the 50-year period of Federal participation. This plan would provide coastal storm damage reduction throughout the project reach and would maintain the existing recreational beach.

The Project will be constructed with hopper dredging equipment with pump ashore capability and conventional earthmoving equipment. Typical USACE Los Angeles District beach fill projects require large capacity open-ocean capable dredges. A medium-sized hopper dredge would be used. The hopper dredge effective capacity is estimated at 1,700 cy (1,300 m3) and 3.2 loads per day. The hopper dredge would pump out the dredge material via a 24-inch pipeline at 1,800 cy/hr. (1,376 m3/hr.). The hopper dredge would be filled at the designated borrow site at Oceanside and hauled approximately 21 miles (35 km) to San Clemente. At the receiver beach, the dredge would be attached to a moored floating section of pipeline extending 1,500 ft (457 m) to the shoreline. The material would be re-suspended and discharged through the on-board pumping system to the receiver site.
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 6 of 24 The hopper dredge requires a mono buoy to discharge its sand onto the beach. A mono buoy is a floating pipeline connection platform that is moored to the seafloor and is used to interconnect with a steel sinker pipeline that carries the slurry along the seafloor to the beach. For this Project the mono buoy would be anchored in at least 25 ft (7.6 m) of water, between 2,500 and 5,000 ft (762 m to 1,524 m) from shore and in the appropriate location in relation to sensitive resources and engineering considerations. From one mono buoy location, sand can be pumped directly onshore and up to approximately 2,000 ft (610 m) alongshore in either direction.

Dredging would be performed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Shore equipment would work 12 hours a day, 7 days a week. The Project duration is estimated to be four months. Anticipated number of working days is estimated to be 46 working days to complete the project.

Sand would be combined with seawater until it reaches the consistency of slurry. It then would be conveyed to the beach via either pipeline or a combination of hopper dredge and pipeline, as described above.

Existing sand at the receiver site would be used to build a small, “L”-shaped berm to anchor the sand placement operations. The short side of the “L” would be transverse (crosswise) to the shoreline and would be the proposed width. The long side would be parallel to the shore at the seaward edge and would be approximately 200 ft (61 m) long. Berm construction may be adjusted from the design requirements during fill placement depending on actual field conditions. The crosswise side of the berm would be constructed to allow alongshore landward beach access for emergency access at all times. The slurry would be pumped onto the beach between this berm and toe.

The berm reduces ocean water turbidity by allowing all the sand to settle out inside the bermed area while the seawater is channeled along the berm until it reaches the open end where it drains into the ocean.

Temporary dikes within the berm will allow sand to settle in designated areas. Once a 200 ft (61 m) section of berm is filled in with sand, another 200 ft (61 m) of berm would be created, the pipeline would be moved or extended into the new berm area, and the process would begin again. As the material is deposited behind the berm, the sand would be spread using two bulldozers and one front-end loader to direct the flow of the sand slurry and form a gradual slope to the existing beach elevation. The berm would be subject to the forces of the waves and weather once constructed and would eventually settle down to a natural grade for the beach.

1.4 Project Objectives
The Project is intended to accomplish the following objectives:
x Reduce coastal storm damages to property and infrastructure along the study area shoreline and the bluff top, prior to the need for emergency action, throughout the period of analysis. x Improve public safety in the study area by reducing the threat of life-threatening bluff failures caused by wave action against the bluff base, throughout the period of analysis. x Reduce coastal erosion and shoreline narrowing to improve recreational opportunities for beach users within the study area throughout the period of analysis. 1202
Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 7 of 24

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES

2.2 CEQA Lead Agency
Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15367, the City of San Clemente is the “lead agency” for the purpose of preparing the environmental review required by CEQA for the Project.

The FEIS/FEIR and Final SEA/FONSI have been, or will be, used by the City of San Clemente and other agencies in their respective decisions regarding the following actions associated with the Project:
x City of San Clemente: EIR certification and approval of the Proposed Project. x California Coastal Commission: Federal Consistency Determination. x Regional Water Quality Control Board: Clean Water Act Section 401 water quality certification. x State Lands Commission: grant of lease to City of San Clemente for placement of beach compatible sediments in the water area seaward of the mean high tide line.

2.3 Environmental Impact Statement / Environmental Impact Report Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15080, et seq., the City of San Clemente together with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers prepared a Draft and Final an Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (“EIS/EIR”) to analyze the potential impacts of the Project on the environment. The FEIS/FEIR consists of two volumes which contain all the information required by CEQA Guidelines section 15132.

2.4 Public Participation
Chapter 9 of Vol. I of the Final EIS/EIR, Vol. I provides a detailed overview of the public participation process for the Draft and Final EIS/EIR process.

As required by CEQA Guidelines §15082, the City issued a Notice of Preparation in August 2010, that summarized the Project, stated their intention to prepare a Feasibility Study and joint EIR/EIS with the USACE, and requested comments from interested parties including State agencies. The NOP was filed with the State Clearinghouse (SCH) on August 5, 2010 and the Project was assigned SCH# 2010084002 which began the 30-day public scoping period. The review period for the NOP ended on September 5, 2010.

To announce the start of the report scoping, a public notice was issued to residents, Federal, State, and Local agencies, and interested groups. The recipients were invited to provide input to the study, including the scoping of the environmental issues that should be addressed throughout the study. The Notice of Intent (NOI) was published in the Federal Register. The Notice of Preparation (NOP) was distributed with the NOI and has been approved by the lead CEQA agency, the City of San Clemente. The notice announced a public workshop, where the public were given the opportunity to comment.

The San Clemente City Council also conducted a public meeting on the Project on March 15, 2011 and the City Council expressed its support for the Proposed Project and endorsed the 50-foot beach fill design alternative, as the recommended project, by the USACE.

A public meeting of the USACE Civil Works Review Board (CWRB) was held on May 12, 2011 to approve issuance of the Draft Feasibility Study and Draft EIS/EIR.

The Draft EIS/EIR was published for a 45-day public review period from August 30, 2011 through September 28, 2011. Comments on the Draft EIS/EIR were received from Federal, State, and local agencies, non-profit organizations, and the public.
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 8 of 24 The Final EIS/EIR was published in February 2012. The USACE utilized a mailing list for public notification purposes that is included in the Final EIS/EIR, Volume I, Chapter 13. The responses to the public comments are included in the FEIS/FEIR as required by CEQA Guidelines sections 15088 and 15132 as detailed in Final EIS/EIR Volume I, Chapter 14.

The City acknowledges receipt of copies of the letters from USACE and understands the letters were sent in response to USACE's publication of the FEIS/FEIR pursuant to NEPA and the USACE has prepared responses to each of the comment letters which are included in the final USACE administrative record and Chief’s Report.

The USACE Chief’s Report was published on April 15, 2012. The USACE published a Record of Decision (ROD) on September 6, 2012.

The San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board also filed a Notice of Determination (NOD) as a Responsible Agency under CEQA on November 3, 2022 as part of their process to issue the Project regulatory approval.

A public hearing concerning certification of the FEIS/FEIR and approval of the Project was held by the City Council of San Clemente at a regular meeting on July 18, 2023. A public notice of the City Council meeting was published in the newspaper on July 6, 2023 and on the City website on June 29, 2023.

2.5 Record of Proceedings
For purposes of CEQA and the findings set forth below, the administrative record of the City of San Clemente City Council’s decision concerning certification of the Final EIS/EIR and the SEA/FONSI for the Project shall include the following:
x The Draft Feasibility Study and Draft EIS/EIR (DEIS/DEIR) and all appendices (2011); x The Final Feasibility Study and Final EIS/EIR (FEIS/FEIR) and all appendices (2012); x Draft SEA (2022);
x Final SEA and FONSI (2023);
x All documents and other materials listed as references and/or incorporated by reference in the DEIS/DEIR, FEIS/FEIR, Draft and Final SEA and FONSI;
x All reports, reviews, memoranda, maps, letters, and other documents prepared by the staff of the USACE, City of San Clemente and their consultants for the Project which are before the City Council as determined by the City Clerk;
x All documents or other materials submitted by interested persons and public agencies in connection with the DEIS/DEIR, FEIS/FEIR and Draft and Final SEA and FONSI; x The action agenda, video/audio recordings, if any, of the public hearing held on July 18, 2023 concerning the FEIS/FEIR and Final SEA/FONSI for the Project; and x Matters of common knowledge to the City Council and staff and consultants to the City of San Clemente, including but not limited to the Project.

The custodian of the documents and other materials comprising the administrative record of the City of San Clemente’s decision concerning certification of the FEIS/FEIR and Final SEA/FONSI is the Department of Public Works of the City of San Clemente. The location of the administrative record is the City of San Clemente office at 910 Calle Negocio, San Clemente, California 92673. (Public Resources Code § 21081.6(a)(2).)
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 9 of 24

3.0 FINDINGS UNDER CEQA

3.2 Purpose
CEQA requires the City to make written findings of fact for each potentially significant environmental impact identified in the FEIS/FEIR (CEQA Guidelines §15091). The purpose of the findings is to systematically restate the potentially significant effects of the Project on the environment and to determine the feasibility of mitigation measures and alternatives identified in the Final EIS/EIR which would avoid or substantially lessen the significant effects. Once it has adopted sufficient measures to avoid or substantially lessen a significant impact, the City is not required to adopt every mitigation measure identified in the FEIS/FEIR or otherwise brought to its attention. These findings set forth the reasons, and the evidence in support of, the City of San Clemente’s determinations.

These findings incorporate by reference the discussion of potential significant impacts and mitigation measures contained in the FEIS/FEIR. The FEIS/FEIR, which includes the DEIS/DEIR, is referred to in the findings below as the “EIS/EIR.”

3.3 Terminology
A “finding” is a written statement made by the City which explains how it dealt with each potentially significant impact and alternative identified in the FEIS/FEIR. Each finding contains an ultimate conclusion regarding each significant impact, substantial evidence supporting the conclusion, and an explanation of how the substantial evidence supports the conclusion.

For each significant effect identified in the FEIS/FEIR, the City is required by CEQA to make a written finding reaching one or more of the following conclusions:

1. Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which mitigate or avoid the significant effect identified in the EIR;

2. Such changes or alterations are within the responsibility and jurisdiction of another public agency and have been, or can and should be, adopted by that other agency; or

3. Specific legal, economic, social, technological, or other considerations, including considerations for the provision of employment opportunities for highly trained workers, make infeasible the mitigation measures or project alternatives identified in the Final EIS/EIR (CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)).

A mitigation measure or an alternative is considered “feasible” if it is capable of being accomplished in a successful manner within a reasonable period of time, taking into account economic, environmental, legal, social and technological factors (CEQA Guidelines §15364).

3.4 Legal Effect
To the extent these findings conclude mitigation measures identified in the FEIS/FEIR are feasible and have not been modified, superseded, or withdrawn, the City hereby binds itself and any other responsible parties, including the USACE and their successors in interest, to implement those mitigation measures following Project authorization by Congress, necessary funding appropriations and construction. These findings are not merely informational but constitute a binding set of obligations upon the City and responsible parties, which will take effect if and when the City adopts a resolution certifying the FEIS/FEIR, SEA/FONSI and the City and/or the responsible agencies adopt resolution(s) approving the Project. 1205
Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 10 of 24

3.5 Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program
In adopting these findings, the City of San Clemente also adopts a mitigation monitoring and reporting program (MMRP) pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21081.6. This program is designed to ensure the Project complies with the feasible mitigation measures identified below during implementation of the Project. The program is set forth in the “Coastal Storm Damage Reduction Project Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program,” which is adopted by the City of San Clemente concurrently with these findings and is incorporated herein by this reference.
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 11 of 24

4.0 FINDINGS REGARDING POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS
The City Council has certified a Joint Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR) for the San Clemente Shoreline Protection Project (“Project”). The EIS/EIR identifies nine potentially significant environmental impacts for which findings are required by CEQA Guideline 15091.

The findings for each of those impacts are provided below.

4.1 Air Quality and Meteorology
Potentially Significant Impact: The EIS/EIR identifies potential significant indirect impact AQ-50-3:

Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in non-attainment under an applicable Federal or State ambient air quality standard.

Finding: Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)(1), changes or alterations have been required or incorporated in the Project which avoid or substantially lessen the significant indirect environmental effect to Air Quality (construction phase emissions) as identified in the EIS/EIR.

Facts in Support of Finding: As described in EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 5.1, Air Quality and Meteorology, and EIS/EIR Vol. 2, Appendix C, Air Quality Analysis Report, the potential significant impact to Air Quality will be mitigated to a level less than significant by the USACE, City of San Clemente or its contractors implementing Mitigation Measures:

MM-AQ-50-3.1: The construction contractors shall use on-shore heavy equipment that meets Tier II or higher air pollutant emission standards where these standards are applicable and equipment available.

MM-AQ-50-3.2: All heavy equipment shall be maintained and tuned per manufacturer's specifications to perform at California Air Resources Board (CARB) and/or EPA certification, where applicable, levels and to perform at verified standards applicable to retrofit technologies.

4.2 Water Resources
Potentially Significant Impact: The EIS/EIR identifies potential significant indirect impact WQ-50-1: The water quality objectives in the California Ocean Plan (SWRCB 2005) are violated.

Finding: Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)(1), changes or alterations have been required or incorporated in the Project which avoid or substantially lessen the significant indirect environmental effect to Water Quality (construction phase impacts) as identified in the EIS/EIR.

Facts in Support of Finding: As described in EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 5.2, Water Resources, the potential significant impact to Water Resources will be mitigated to a level less than significant by the USACE, City of San Clemente or its contractor’s implementing Mitigation Measures:

MM-WR-50-1.1: A SWPPP and an OSPRP shall be prepared for all construction activities. These plans shall specify specific measures that shall be taken during dredging and beach construction to avoid introducing contaminants to the ocean via leaks and spills. All measures shall be adhered to during Project construction.

MM-WR-50-1.2: Turbidity shall be monitored during dredging. If a visible turbidity plume is observed beyond the immediate dredging area, dredging activities shall be modified (e.g., decrease the rate of dredging, move to a new dredge location) until the turbidity plume disperses.

Turbidity also shall be monitored during beach fill operations. If significant turbidity (i.e., a visible turbidity plume beyond the surf zone or rip current area) is observed, beach fill 1207
Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 12 of 24 operations shall be modified (e.g., by slowing the rate of fill) until the turbidity plume disperses.

Potentially Significant Impact: The EIS/EIR identifies potential significant indirect impact WQ-50-2: Project operations or discharges that change background levels of chemical and physical constituents or elevate turbidity would produce long-term changes in the receiving environment of the site, area, or region that would impair the beneficial uses of the receiving water.

Finding: Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)(1), changes or alterations have been required or incorporated in the Project which avoid or substantially lessen the significant indirect environmental effect to Water Quality (construction and operation phase) as identified in the EIS/EIR.

Facts in Support of Finding: As described in EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 5.3, Water Resources, the potential significant impact to Water Resources will be mitigated to a level less than significant by the USACE, City of San Clemente or its contractor’s implementing Mitigation Measures:

MM-WR-50-1.2: Turbidity shall be monitored during dredging. If a visible turbidity plume is observed beyond the immediate dredging area, dredging activities shall be modified (e.g., decrease the rate of dredging, move to a new dredge location) until the turbidity plume disperses.

Turbidity also shall be monitored during beach fill operations. If significant turbidity (i.e., a visible turbidity plume beyond the surf zone or rip current area) is observed, beach fill operations shall be modified (e.g., by slowing the rate of fill) until the turbidity plume disperses.

4.3 Biological Resources
Potentially Significant and Unavoidable Impact: The EIS/EIR identifies potential significant indirect impact BR-50-2: A long-term net loss in the habitat value of a sensitive biological habitat. For the purposes of this analysis, kelp beds, surfgrass beds, and well developed rocky intertidal are considered sensitive biological habitats.

Finding: Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)(3) specific economic, legal, social, technological, or other considerations make it infeasible to reduce the impacts to Biological Resources (sensitive biological habitat) as identified in the EIS/EIR. EIS/EIR Vol. I, and EIS/EIR, Vol. I, Appendix B “Biological Resources Monitoring Plan” to less than significant.

Facts in Support of Finding: The Project has been located, sized, and designed to minimize and avoid direct impacts to kelp, surfgrass, eelgrass and vegetated reefs to the maximum extent feasible. The potential exists however that impacts to offshore aquatic vegetation could be significant even with implementation of mitigation measures BR 50-2.1 and BR 50-2.2.

Per EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 5.4, no direct placement of sand on the reef is proposed. The equilibrium footprint is demonstrated as potentially extending to inner portions of the reef. Based on the best available scientific and coastal engineering data, it is predicted that there will be negligible effects to the rocky reef and surfgrass vegetation. Monitoring for 2 years immediately post construction is proposed to determine what actual impacts, if any, do occur. After the first four years (2 years pre-action, 2 years post-action) of monitoring, if the rocky reef and surfgrass vegetation illustrate effects based on triggers specifically determined by the marine ecologists deemed most knowledgeable and experience, the current plan is to attempt “in-kind” mitigation as the primary mode. If “in-kind” mitigation is not successful, based on success criteria developed in consultation, the mitigation would be adjusted to “out-of-kind” mitigation. 1208
Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 13 of 24 Per EIS/EIR Vol. I, Appendix B, Biological Resources Monitoring Plan, if mitigation were required based on results of the post-construction monitoring, rocky reef and surfgrass mitigation shall each be conducted at an equivalent functional value to the impacted area. Because it will take at least two years to identify impacts, some temporal loss of surfgrass, if impacts were to occur, is unavoidable. Recovery of impacted resources will also occur as sand is redistributed within the littoral cell. Additionally, if impacts were to occur, future beach fills would be modified to avoid future impacts; any observed burial of reef or surfgrass would be temporary because sand would be expected to move out of the project area.

If a substantial amount of surfgrass were lost, the impact may remain significant even with mitigation.

Although the beach fill sand would be expected to move out of the equilibrium footprint within 6 years, because models are not precise, it is not clear if surfgrass would recover. If adverse significant impacts to surfgrass are observed from the monitoring, subsequent nourishment activities will be modified to avoid or minimize these impacts as part of adaptive management. If adverse significant impacts still are observed after all reasonable attempts to avoid or minimize impacts have been exhausted, additional renourishment would not occur until impacted surfgrass has recovered or compensatory mitigation is completed. A consistently successful method to transplant surfgrass has not yet been devised, although recent experiments may provide new options. Potential mitigation, if necessary, is described in the Biological Resources Monitoring Plan (EIS/EIR Vol. I, Appendix B).The potential significant impact to Biological Resources will be mitigated by the USACE, City of San Clemente or its contractor’s implementing Mitigation Measures however there is the potential for impacts to remain significant and unavoidable even with mitigation provided:

MM-BR-50-2.1: An underwater survey for kelp and surfgrass shall be conducted by marine biologists prior to the initiation of beach fill activities. Based on the survey, a mooring location and a pipeline route shall be selected that minimizes contact with surfgrass and kelp habitat. If kelp and surfgrass cannot be avoided completely, immediately following beach fill activities, another survey of the mooring and pipeline areas shall be conducted to determine whether kelp and surfgrass were damaged. If substantial damage to surfgrass or kelp occurs, an additional survey shall be conducted six months after the beach fill to determine if kelp and surfgrass have recovered. If substantial damage to kelp and eelgrass is still observed, restoration of habitat shall be implemented in consultation with the resource agencies.

MM-BR-50-2.2: Shallow subtidal surfgrass beds in the vicinity of San Clemente Beach shall be monitored to determine whether the proposed action adversely affects shallow subtidal reefs and surfgrass. Underwater transects shall be established offshore and downcoast from the proposed receiver beach. Control transects also shall be established upcoast of the project area. The transects shall be monitored by qualified biologists before and after the proposed action to determine whether the beach fill results in a long-term loss of surfgrass and/or reef habitat. The mitigation and monitoring plan is included as Vol. I, Appendix B. If adverse significant impacts to surfgrass and/or reef habitat compared to controls and baseline conditions are observed from the monitoring, subsequent nourishment activities will be modified to avoid or minimize these impacts as part of adaptive management. If adverse significant impacts still are observed after all reasonable attempts to avoid or minimize impacts have been exhausted, additional renourishment would not occur until impacted surfgrass has recovered or compensatory mitigation is completed. Compensatory mitigation will consist of the creation of shallow rocky habitat in the Project area at a site to be determined in consultation with NOAA Fisheries and CDFG. Rocky reef habitat will be created in the Project area at a ratio of 1 1209
Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 14 of 24 acre of rocky reef habitat created for 1 acre of rocky reef habitat buried. If the monitoring determines that surfgrass has been affected by the Project, an experimental surfgrass restoration will be implemented. A successful method to transplant surfgrass has not been demonstrated, but recent studies by researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara, have demonstrated some success restoring surfgrass using sprigs (Bull et al 2004).

Potentially Significant and Unavoidable Impact: The EIS/EIR identifies potential significant indirect impact BR-50-5: Substantial adverse impact on Essential Fish Habitat.

Finding: Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)(3) specific economic, legal, social, technological, or other considerations make it infeasible to reduce impacts to Biological Resources (sensitive biological habitat) as identified in the EIS/EIR to less than significant levels. EIS/EIR Vol. I, and EIS/EIR, Vol. I, Appendix B contains a 10-page detailed “Biological Resources Monitoring Plan”.

Facts in Support of Finding: The Project has been located, sized, and designed to minimize and avoid direct impacts to essential fish habitat to the maximum extent feasible. The potential exists however that impacts to offshore essential fish habitat (aquatic vegetation) could be significant and unavoidable even with implementation of mitigation measures BR 50-2.1 and BR 50-2.2 Per EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 5.4, no direct placement of sand on the reef is proposed. The equilibrium footprint is demonstrated as potentially extending to inner portions of the reef. Based on the best available scientific and coastal engineering data, it is predicted that there will be negligible effects to the rocky reef and surfgrass vegetation. Monitoring for 2 years immediately post construction is proposed to determine what actual impacts, if any, do occur. After the first four years (2 years pre-action, 2 years post-action) of monitoring, if the rocky reef and surfgrass vegetation illustrate effects based on triggers specifically determined by the marine ecologists deemed most knowledgeable and experience, the current plan is to attempt “in-kind” mitigation as the primary mode. If “in-kind” mitigation is not successful, based on success criteria developed in consultation, the mitigation would be adjusted to “out-of-kind” mitigation.

Per EIS/EIR Vol. I, Appendix B, Biological Resources Monitoring Plan, if mitigation were required based on results of the post-construction monitoring, rocky reef and surfgrass mitigation shall each be conducted at an equivalent functional value to the impacted area. Because it will take at least two years to identify impacts, some temporal loss of surfgrass, if impacts were to occur, is unavoidable. Recovery of impacted resources will also occur as sand is redistributed within the littoral cell. Additionally, if impacts were to occur, future beach fills would be modified to avoid future impacts; any observed burial of reef or surfgrass would be temporary because sand would be expected to move out of the project area.

If a substantial amount of surfgrass were lost, the impact may remain significant even with mitigation.

Although the beach fill sand would be expected to move out of the equilibrium footprint within 6 years, it is not clear if surfgrass would recover. If adverse significant impacts to surfgrass are observed from the monitoring, subsequent nourishment activities will be modified to avoid or minimize these impacts as part of adaptive management. If adverse significant impacts still are observed after all reasonable attempts to avoid or minimize impacts have been exhausted, additional renourishment would not occur until impacted surfgrass has recovered or compensatory mitigation is completed. A consistently successful method to transplant surfgrass has not yet been devised, although recent experiments may provide new options.

Potential mitigation, if necessary, is described in the Biological Resources Monitoring Plan (EIS/EIR Vol I, Appendix B).The potential significant impact to Biological Resources will be mitigated by the USACE, City of San Clemente or its contractor’s implementing Mitigation Measures:
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 15 of 24 MM-BR-50-2.1: An underwater survey for kelp and surfgrass shall be conducted by marine biologists prior to the initiation of beach fill activities. Based on the survey, a mooring location and a pipeline route shall be selected that minimizes contact with surfgrass and kelp habitat. If kelp and surfgrass cannot be avoided completely, immediately following beach fill activities, another survey of the mooring and pipeline areas shall be conducted to determine whether kelp and surfgrass were damaged. If substantial damage to surfgrass or kelp occurs, an additional survey shall be conducted six months after the beach fill to determine if kelp and surfgrass have recovered. If substantial damage to kelp and eelgrass is still observed, restoration of habitat shall be implemented in consultation with the resource agencies.

MM-BR-50-2.2: Shallow subtidal surfgrass beds in the vicinity of San Clemente Beach shall be monitored to determine whether the proposed action adversely affects shallow subtidal reefs and surfgrass. Underwater transects shall be established offshore and downcoast from the proposed receiver beach. Control transects also shall be established upcoast of the project area. The transects shall be monitored by qualified biologists before and after the proposed action to determine whether the beach fill results in a long-term loss of surfgrass and/or reef habitat. If adverse significant impacts to surfgrass and/or reef habitat compared to controls and baseline conditions are observed from the monitoring, subsequent nourishment activities will be modified to avoid or minimize these impacts as part of adaptive management. If adverse significant impacts still are observed after all reasonable attempts to avoid or minimize impacts have been exhausted, additional renourishment would not occur until impacted surfgrass has recovered or compensatory mitigation is completed. Compensatory mitigation will consist of the creation of shallow rocky habitat in the Project area at a site to be determined in consultation with NOAA Fisheries and CDFW. Rocky reef habitat will be created in the Project area at a ratio of 1 acre of rocky reef habitat created for 1 acre of rocky reef habitat buried. If the monitoring determines that surfgrass has been affected by the Project, an experimental surfgrass restoration will be implemented. A successful method to transplant surfgrass has not been demonstrated, but recent studies by researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara, have demonstrated some success restoring surfgrass using sprigs.

4.4 Cultural Resources
Potentially Significant Impact: The Project has the potential for significant impact CR-50-1: Result in potentially significant impacts on cultural resources from project implementation.

Finding: Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)(1), changes or alterations have been required or incorporated in the Project which avoid or substantially lessen the significant indirect environmental effect to Cultural Resources as identified in the EIS/EIR.

Facts in Support of Finding: As described in EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 5.5, Cultural Resources, the potential significant impact to Cultural Resources will be mitigated to a level less than significant by the USACE, City of San Clemente or its contractors implementing Mitigation Measures:

MM-CR-50-1: Any earthmoving associated with this Project that will involve previously undisturbed soil will be monitored by a qualified archeologist who meets the Secretary of Interior’s Standards for an Archeologist (see 36 CFR Part 61). Earthmoving includes grubbing and ground clearing, grading, and excavation activities. If a previously unidentified cultural resource (i.e., property) that may be eligible for the NRHP is discovered, all earthmoving 1211
Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 16 of 24 activities in the vicinity of the discovery shall be diverted until the USACE complies with 36 CFR § 800.13(a)(2).

MM-CR-50-2: Prior to construction, offshore borrow areas 1 and 2 will be subjected to an underwater remote sensing survey in order to determine if submerged cultural resources are present within these areas. The USACE will comply with Section 106 of the NRHP and its implementing regulations at 36 CFR 800, as amended. This compliance involves the identification and evaluation of cultural resources and consultation with the California State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO), Native American tribes, and interested parties.

4.5 Noise
Potentially Significant Impact: The Project has the potential for significant impact N-50-4: Result in substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project.

Finding: Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)(1), changes or alterations have been required or incorporated in the Project which avoid or substantially lessen the significant indirect environmental effect to Noise as identified in the EIS/EIR.

Facts in Support of Finding: As described in EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 5.8, Noise the potential significant impact to Noise will be mitigated to a level less than significant by the USACE, City of San Clemente or its contractors implementing Mitigation Measures:

MM-N-50-3.1: The City of San Clemente Noise Element discusses the potential impacts of construction noise on the residents and requires construction to employ feasible and practical techniques and practices that minimize the generation of excessive noise on adjacent land uses. The Applicant shall implement the following:
ƒ Regardless of dredge activity timing, onshore equipment shall be restricted to the hours included in the City of San Clemente Noise Ordinance discussed above. ƒ To reduce the nuisance value of on-shore construction noise, on-shore construction activities located within 500 ft (152 m) of any residential unit shall not begin before 8:00 a.m. (as opposed to 7:00 a.m. as allowed in the Noise Ordinance). Work beyond may be performed in accordance with the hours included in the City Noise Ordinance. This provision shall not apply to any equipment mobilizing from the staging area that may pass within 500 ft (152 m) so long as it is not actively engaged in the movement of sand. ƒ During all construction, the Project contractors shall equip all onshore construction equipment with properly operating and maintained mufflers and engine shrouds consistent with manufacturers’ standards. ƒ All heavy equipment shall be maintained in a proper state of tune as per the manufacturers’ specifications.
ƒ The Project contractor shall place any stationary construction equipment as far as feasible from proximate receptor locations.

4.6 Recreation
Potentially Significant Impact: The Project has the potential for significant impact REC-50-4: Result in a safety hazard to recreational beach users.
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 17 of 24 Finding: Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)(1), changes or alterations have been required or incorporated in the Project which avoid or substantially lessen the significant indirect environmental effect to Recreation as identified in the EIS/EIR.

Facts in Support of Finding: As described in EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 5.9, Recreation the potential significant impact to Recreation will be mitigated to a level less than significant by the USACE, City of San Clemente or its contractors implementing Mitigation Measures:

MM-REC-50-4.1: Provide signs to warn swimmers, waders and surfers of potentially hazardous surf conditions. Provide extra lifeguards.

4.7 Public Health and Safety
Potentially Significant Impact: The Project has the potential for significant impact PHS-50-1: Substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for fire protection, police protection, schools, parks, and/or other public facilities.

Finding: Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)(1), changes or alterations have been required or incorporated in the Project which avoid or substantially lessen the significant indirect environmental effect to Public Health and Safety as identified in the EIS/EIR.

Facts in Support of Finding: As described in EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 5.11, Public Health and Safety the potential significant impact to Public Health and Safety will be mitigated to a level less than significant by the USACE, City of San Clemente or its contractors implementing Mitigation Measures:

MM-WR-50-1.1: A SWPPP and an OSPRP shall be prepared for all construction activities. These plans shall specify specific measures that shall be taken during dredging and beach construction to avoid introducing contaminants to the ocean via leaks and spills. All measures shall be adhered to during Project construction.

MM-WR-50-1.2: Turbidity shall be monitored during dredging. If a visible turbidity plume is observed beyond the immediate dredging area, dredging activities shall be modified (e.g., decrease the rate of dredging, move to a new dredge location) until the turbidity plume disperses.

Turbidity also shall be monitored during beach fill operations. If significant turbidity (i.e., a visible turbidity plume beyond the surf zone or rip current area) is observed, beach fill operations shall be modified (e.g., by slowing the rate of fill) until the turbidity plume disperses.
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 18 of 24

5.0 FINDINGS REGARDING EFFECTS THAT ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT In addition to Air Quality, Water Resources, Biological Resources, Cultural Resources, Noise, Recreation and Public Health and Safety discussed above, the EIS/EIR analyzed the potential impacts of the Project on the full range of resource topics including:
x Geology and Topography
x Ground and Vessel Transportation
x Land Use and Policy
x Aesthetics
x Socioeconomics and Environmental Justice
The FEIS/FEIR determined that for all the above resource topics, potential project impacts would be less than significant.
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 19 of 24

6.0 FINDINGS REGARDING CUMULATIVE SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS
CEQA requires a lead agency to evaluate the cumulative impacts of a proposed project (CEQA Guidelines §15130(a)). Cumulative impacts are those which are considered significant when viewed in connection with the impacts of other closely related past, present and reasonably foreseeable future projects (CEQA Guidelines §15355). Cumulative impacts can result from individually minor but collectively significant projects taking place over a period of time.

The EIS/EIR Vol. I, Chapter 6 analyzes cumulative impacts of past, present, and reasonably anticipated future projects producing related or cumulative impacts, including projects outside the agency’s jurisdiction (CEQA Guidelines §15130(b)(1)(A)). The list of “past, present and reasonably anticipated future projects” should include related projects which already have been constructed, are presently under construction, are approved but not yet under construction, and are not yet approved but are under environmental review at the time the draft EIS/EIR is prepared (CEQA Guidelines §15130 [Discussion]). The list must include not only projects under review by the lead agency, but also those under review by other relevant public agencies.

The cumulative projects considered in the EIS/EIS generally considered those projects in the northern Oceanside Littoral Cell including maintenance dredging at the Dana Point Harbor, construction of the SONGS mitigation reef project offshore of the City and railroad operations along the beach in the project vicinity.

Based on the information and analysis provided in Chapter 6, of Vol. I of the EIS/EIR, it was determined that the potential cumulative impacts of the Project would be less than significant for all resources with the exception of Air Quality and Recreation. .

6.1 Air Quality and Meteorology
Potentially Significant and Unavoidable Cumulative Impact: Section 6.2.1 of the EIS/EIR states that construction of the related projects would be short-term and depending on the extent of construction, could have effects similar to or greater than that of the proposed Project. Even with the prescribed mitigation, the proposed action is anticipated to exceed the significance threshold limitations for NOx and PM2.5. In accordance with SCAQMD methodology, projects that exceed the daily threshold values and cannot be mitigated to less than the SCAQMD thresholds add significantly to the cumulative impact. As such, the beach fill Project also is considered as significant and unavoidable at the cumulative level.

Finding: Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)(3), specific economic, legal, social, technological, or other considerations make it infeasible to reduce impacts to Air Quality and Meteorology as identified in the EIS/EIR Vol. I, Sections 5.1 and 6.2 and EIS/EIR Vol. I, Appendix C to less than cumulatively considerable levels.

Facts in Support of Finding: As described in EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 5.1, Air Quality and Meteorology, Air quality impacts would occur during site preparation, grading, and sporadic maintenance activities required for implementation of the proposed land use. Maintenance could take place once every 6 years depending on need and financial ability. Maintenance would result in a repetition of the initial construction activities.

Project construction may approach the daily threshold for NOx emissions. Applicable mitigation for NOx is included in the project and listed below. The included measures would also reduce ROG and PM2.5 for onshore heavy equipment exhaust. 1215
Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 20 of 24 The requirement for Tier II heavy equipment, where applicable, could reduce NOx emissions by about 40 percent and particulate emissions by about 25 percent over Tier I equipment levels. A higher percentage reduction would be achieved over the use of equipment-produced prior to Tier I requirements. Because the status of the actual equipment assemblage, as well as those pieces subject to Tier II requirements, is variable, the overall reduction in NOx emissions could be less than the 40 percent reduction noted for the use of Tier II equipment. PM2.5 emissions, assuming TIER II equipment, reduces particulate levels by 25 percent.

Per EIS/EIR Vol. 2, Appendix C, Air Quality Analysis Report, the potential significant cumulative impact to Air Quality cannot be reduced but cannot be fully mitigated to a level less than significant by the USACE, City of San Clemente or its contractors even with implementation of the following Mitigation Measures:

MM-AQ-50-3.1: The construction contractors shall use on-shore heavy equipment that meets Tier II or higher air pollutant emission standards where these standards are applicable and equipment available.

MM-AQ-50-3.2: All heavy equipment shall be maintained and tuned per manufacturer's specifications to perform at California Air Resources Board (CARB) and/or EPA certification, where applicable, levels and to perform at verified standards applicable to retrofit technologies.

6.2 Recreation
Potentially significant and unavoidable short term and temporary impacts to Recreation have been identified in EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 6.2.9 as there is the possibility that the initial beach fill or future maintenance nourishment activity may occur simultaneously along with Dana Point Harbor maintenance dredging activities. The cumulative presence of dredges and related dredging equipment may interrupt recreational activity in the Project vicinity for the duration of construction. Assuming beach use is low during the construction period, as it is planned for fall and winter seasons, cumulative impacts may be potentially significant, but temporary and short term in nature.

Finding: Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15091(a)(3), specific economic, legal, social, technological, or other considerations make it infeasible to reduce impacts to Recreation as identified in the EIS/EIR Vol. I, Sections 5.9 and 6.2.9 to less than cumulatively considerable levels.

Facts in Support of Finding: As described in EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 5.9, Recreation, heavy equipment working in an active public use area poses safety issues for adults and children. Children may be prone to come close to the equipment both during equipment operation on the beach and storage within staging areas. Offshore dredge equipment has the potential to result in a hazard to boat traffic. During dredging and nourishment activities, proper advanced notice to mariners would be obtained and navigational traffic would not be allowed within the offshore borrow site area or mooring/discharge area offshore of Oceanside.

It is unlikely that recreational vessels, such as kayaks, sailboats, jet-skiers, and paddleboards would use this area close to shore and close to the Pier. Contract specifications shall require the contractor to fence/secure off areas of construction from public access, including construction staging areas and active.

As noted in EIS/EIR, Vol. I, Section 6.2.9, Recreation, The proposed Project would occur at least two years after the construction of the Wheeler North Reef project and, therefore, would not have any cumulative impacts to recreation in conjunction with that project; however there is a chance that both the Dana Point Harbor maintenance dredging activities will occur during the same time as the project construction operations therefore, the potentially significant cumulative impact to Recreation cannot be mitigated to a level less than significant by the USACE, City of San Clemente or its contractors even with implementing Mitigation Measure:
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 21 of 24 MM-REC-50-4.1: Provide signs to warn swimmers, waders and surfers of potentially hazardous surf conditions. Provide extra lifeguards.
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 22 of 24

7.0 FINDINGS REGARDING PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
In preparing and adopting findings, a lead agency need not necessarily address the feasibility of both mitigation measures or other alternatives when contemplating the approval of a project with significant environmental impacts. Where the significant impacts can be mitigated to a level of less than significant by the adoption of mitigation measures, the lead agency has no obligation in drafting its findings to consider the feasibility of other alternatives including environmentally superior alternatives, even if their impacts would be less severe than those of the project as mitigated.

The EIS/EIR found that all potentially significant environmental impacts of the Project and all potentially cumulatively considerable impacts of the Project are reduced to a level below significance through the implementation of mitigation measures, with the exception of potentially significant and unavoidable impacts to surfgrass on vegetated rocky reef (biological resources).

Based on the information and analysis provided in Chapter 6, of Vol. I of the EIS/EIR, it was determined that the potential cumulative impacts of the Project would be less than significant for all resources with the exception of Air Quality and Recreation as noted in Section 6.0.

The EIS/EIR considered a full range of reasonable alternatives to the project including:
x No Action Alternative (i.e., the Do-Nothing Alternative) x Managed Retreat
x Beach Nourishment
x Revetment
x Seawall
x Groins
x Visible Offshore Breakwater
x Submerged Reef
After reviewing the alternatives, beach nourishment emerged as the optimal alternative being both economically feasible and environmentally acceptable. All other alternatives were dropped from further consideration due to a variety of considerations including cost, potential environmental effects, or lack of local support or greater environmental effects.

The USACE then further evaluated 12 beach width scenarios, from 33 to 115 feet, to assess the expected storm damage reduction benefits and costs associated with each beach width scenario. The larger beach fill alternative described in the EIS/EIR Vol. I, Section 3.0, would create a beach berm that is 115 feet in width compared to the 50-feet project width. Thus, this larger project would place more sand on the beach and result in potentially greater impacts in comparison to the project USACE policy requires it to identify the National Economic Development (NED) plan which is the alternative which maximizes the potential economic benefits to the Nation. Of the 12 beach width scenarios, the 50- foot wide (i.e., 15-meter) beach fill alternative was identified as the NED plan.

The USACE was also required to identify a Least Environmentally Damaging Practicable Alternative (LEDPA) which is the alternative that has the fewest potential effects and still meets the Project purpose and objectives. Based on this, the USACE also identified the 50-foot beach width alternative as its Recommended Plan, which is the alternative that was forwarded for authorization and funding by Congress in 2012.
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Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 23 of 24

8.0 STATEMENT OF OVERRIDING CONSIDERATIONS
As described in Section 4.4 of this document, Project implementation may result in indirect, potentially significant and unavoidable impacts to biological resources (aquatic plant species) on rocky reef substrate offshore of the City. No direct impacts to surfgrass would occur with project implementation as the Project has been located, sized, and designed to minimize and avoid direct impacts to kelp, surfgrass, eelgrass and other aquatic plant species on rocky substrate to the maximum extent feasible.

As stated in the EIS/EIR, the potential exists however that impacts to offshore aquatic vegetation could be significant even with implementation of mitigation measures BR 50-2.1 and BR 50-2.2. The impact assessment is planned to occur as part of the post-construction monitoring effort following Project implementation as part of the MMRP. Mitigation has also been provided to address this potential impact.

However, it is not known if the available mitigation measures will be successful. Thus, there is the potential for impacts to remain significant even with mitigation as outlined in the EIS/EIR, Vol. I, Appendix B.

Additionally, potential air quality and recreational impacts of the project could be potentially cumulatively significant even with mitigation measures in place. Therefore, pursuant to CEQA §15093, the City is required to adopt a ”Statement of Overriding Considerations”.

CEQA requires the decision-making agency to balance, as applicable, the economic, legal, social, technological, or other benefits, including region-wide or statewide environmental benefits, of a proposed project against its unavoidable environmental risks when determining whether to approve the project. If the specific economic, legal, social, technological, or other benefits, including region-wide or statewide environmental benefits, of a proposed project outweigh the unavoidable adverse environmental effects, the adverse environmental effects may be considered “acceptable.” When the lead agency approves a project which will result in the occurrence of significant effects which are identified in the final EIR but are not avoided or substantially lessened, the agency shall state in writing the specific reasons to support its action based on the final EIR and/or other information in the record. The statement of overriding considerations shall be supported by substantial evidence in the record.

After due consideration of the multitude of benefits derived from Project implementation, which include local, regional, statewide and federal environmental, economic, public access, recreational and social benefits, the City as the CEQA lead agency hereby finds that the direct benefits of the City’s 50-year coastal storm damage reduction project outweigh the potential unavoidable environmental risks of the Project.

According to the U.S. Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Engineers, April 2012 Chiefs Report, along the shoreline of San Clemente, a lack of sediment supply to the shoreline has resulted in chronic, mild, and long-term erosion. Without a coastal storm damage reduction project public properties and structures will continue to be susceptible to damages caused by erosion (including land loss and undermining of structures), inundation (structures), and wave attack (structures, railroad). The project area includes the LOS SAN (Los Angeles to San Diego) railroad corridor which is a vital link for passenger and freight service and has been designated as a Strategic Rail Corridor by the Department of Defense. As the protective beach lessens over time and is eventually lost, it is expected that storm waves will act directly upon the railroad ballast, significantly threatening the operation of the LOS SAN railroad line. 1219
Draft San Clemente Findings of Fact - USACE Page 24 of 24 The narrowing beaches are also expected to subject ancillary beachfront public facilities to storm waveinduced damages, and further reduce recreational space on an already space-limited beach. The project was formulated to maximize coastal storm damage reduction, address potential environmental affects, and minimize cost. In accordance with the Corps Engineering Circular (EC 1165-2-211) on sea level change, the study performed a sensitivity analysis to investigate the economic effects that different rates of accelerated sea level rise could have on the recommended plan. The plan was formulated using a historical or low rate of sea level rise, and the sensitivity analysis used additional accelerated rates, which includes both medium and high rates of sea level rise. The sensitivity analysis indicates that at higher rates of sea level rise, renourishment intervals increase and the reduction of storm damages decreases, and the project continues to be warranted and economically justified.

Continued future shoreline erosion is expected to result in storm waves breaking directly upon the public beach and railroad ballast located at the back of the beach, which significantly threatens the operation of the rail corridor. Continued future shoreline erosion also will subject public facilities and critical public infrastructure to storm wave-induced damages. These facilities, maintained by the City of San Clemente, include the Marine Safety Building, public restroom facilities located on the beach, lifeguard stations, parking areas, the California Coastal Trail and the City’s municipal pier. The railroad is a vital transportation link for passenger and freight service between cities in San Diego, Orange, and Los Angeles counties. The Department of Defense has designated this right of- way as a Strategic Rail Corridor with great significance to National defense. Due to chronic beach erosion, the railroad corridor between the bluff and the beach is threatened by undermining. Metrolink has been taking emergency actions to place additional rocks/riprap along the segment between North Beach and the Marine Safety Building to reduce wave energy impacts along the beach.

Train service has been delayed during winter storm events in order to provide extra precautionary measures to allow trains to move safely through the area. Crews are dispatched during high tide and storm conditions to visually inspect for track damage that could potentially cause derailments. The impact of riprap placement over the years has resulted in a cumulative decrease of lateral beach access.

Thus, it is in this sense, that the City finds that the potential adverse effects on surfgrass, air quality and short-term recreation may be considered acceptable in light of the long-term benefits to be generated by the project.

The City hereby includes this statement of overriding considerations in the record of the project and will note this action on the Notice of Determination to be filed with the County Clerk following project approval. 1220