Agenda — Covina City Council, December 6, 2022 (part 10 of 17)

Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use
Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual
Project Characteristics - 2022 existing CO2 intensity
Land Use - 2.7 acre site
Construction Phase - no construction
Vehicle Trips - mobile calculated separately

1.1 Land Usage
Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population Manufacturing 55.32 1000sqft 2.70 55,321.00 0

1.2 Other Project Characteristics
Urbanization
Climate Zone
Urban
9 Wind Speed (m/s) 2.2 Precipitation Freq (Days) 33

1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data

1.0 Project Characteristics
Utility Company Southern California Edison
Operational Year 2022
CO2 Intensity
(lb/MWhr)
541.32 CH4 Intensity 0.033
(lb/MWhr)
N2O Intensity 0.004
(lb/MWhr)
Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value
tblLandUse LotAcreage 1.27 2.70
tblProjectCharacteristics CO2IntensityFactor 531.98 541.32 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 6.42 0.00
tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 5.09 0.00
tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 3.93 0.00
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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2.0 Emissions Summary

2.1 Overall Construction
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Year tons/yr MT/yr
2022 0.2213 1.7695 1.7402 3.2900e0030.0567 0.0830 0.1397 0.0195 0.0793 0.0987 0.0000 279.4869 279.4869 0.0499 3.1200e003281.6629 2023 0.2783 0.1762 0.2071 3.7000e0043.8700e0038.0800e0030.0120 1.0400e0037.6800e0038.7200e0030.0000 31.9103 31.9103 6.1900e0032.8000e00432.1490 Maximum 0.2783 1.7695 1.7402 3.2900e0030.0567 0.0830 0.1397 0.0195 0.0793 0.0987 0.0000 279.4869 279.4869 0.0499 3.1200e003281.6629 Unmitigated Construction
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Year tons/yr MT/yr
2022 0.2213 1.7695 1.7402 3.2900e0030.0567 0.0830 0.1397 0.0195 0.0793 0.0987 0.0000 279.4867 279.4867 0.0499 3.1200e003281.6626 2023 0.2783 0.1762 0.2071 3.7000e0043.8700e0038.0800e0030.0120 1.0400e0037.6800e0038.7200e0030.0000 31.9103 31.9103 6.1900e0032.8000e00432.1490 Maximum 0.2783 1.7695 1.7402 3.2900e0030.0567 0.0830 0.1397 0.0195 0.0793 0.0987 0.0000 279.4867 279.4867 0.0499 3.1200e003281.6626 Mitigated Construction
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 2 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e
Percent
Reduction

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Quarter Start Date End Date Maximum Unmitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter) Maximum Mitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter) 1 2-11-2022 5-10-2022 0.5601 0.5601
2 5-11-2022 8-10-2022 0.5604 0.5604
3 8-11-2022 11-10-2022 0.5608 0.5608
4 11-11-2022 2-10-2023 0.5383 0.5383
5 2-11-2023 5-10-2023 0.2263 0.2263
Highest 0.5608 0.5608

2.2 Overall Operational
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Area 0.2256 1.0000e0057.1000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.3700e0031.3700e0030.0000 0.0000 1.4600e003 Energy 5.3600e0030.0487 0.0409 2.9000e0043.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0030.0000 200.5366 200.5366 0.0100 2.0600e003201.4013 Mobile 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Waste 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 13.9252 0.0000 13.9252 0.8230 0.0000 34.4990 Water 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4.0586 40.9005 44.9590 0.4194 0.0102 58.4658 Total 0.2310 0.0487 0.0416 2.9000e0040.0000 3.7000e0033.7000e0030.0000 3.7000e0033.7000e00317.9837 241.4384 259.4222 1.2523 0.0122 294.3677 Unmitigated Operational
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0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 4 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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4 Building Construction Building Construction 3/24/2022 1/25/2023 5 220 5 Paving Paving 1/26/2023 2/8/2023 5 10
6 Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 2/9/2023 2/22/2023 5 10 OffRoad Equipment
Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor Architectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6.00 78 0.48
Paving Cement and Mortar Mixers 1 8.00 9 0.56
Demolition Concrete/Industrial Saws 1 8.00 81 0.73
Building Construction Cranes 1 8.00 231 0.29
Building Construction Forklifts 2 7.00 89 0.20
Building Construction Generator Sets 1 8.00 84 0.74
Grading Graders 1 8.00 187 0.41
Site Preparation Graders 1 8.00 187 0.41
Paving Pavers 1 8.00 130 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment 1 8.00 132 0.36
Paving Rollers 2 8.00 80 0.38
Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40
Site Preparation Scrapers 1 8.00 367 0.48
Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 6.00 97 0.37 Demolition Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8.00 97 0.37
Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 7.00 97 0.37
Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 82,982; Non-Residential Outdoor: 27,661; Striped Parking Area: 0 (Architectural Coating – sqft)
Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 4.5
Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 6
Acres of Paving: 0
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 5 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.2 Demolition - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0169 0.1662 0.1396 2.4000e0048.3800e0038.3800e0037.8300e0037.8300e0030.0000 21.0777 21.0777 5.3700e0030.0000 21.2120 Total 0.0169 0.1662 0.1396 2.4000e0048.3800e0038.3800e0037.8300e0037.8300e0030.0000 21.0777 21.0777 5.3700e0030.0000 21.2120 Unmitigated Construction On-Site

3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction
Paving Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 8.00 97 0.37
Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 7.00 97 0.37 Building Construction Welders 3 8.00 46 0.45
Trips and VMT
Phase Name Offroad Equipment
Count
Worker Trip
Number
Vendor Trip
Number
Hauling Trip
Number
Worker Trip
Length
Vendor Trip
Length
Hauling Trip
Length
Worker Vehicle
Class
Vendor
Vehicle Class
Hauling
Vehicle Class
Demolition 5 13.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Site Preparation 3 8.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading 4 10.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Building Construction 8 23.00 9.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Paving 6 15.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Architectural Coating 1 5.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 6 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.2 Demolition - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 4.5000e0043.7000e0044.8300e0031.0000e0051.4200e0031.0000e0051.4300e0033.8000e0041.0000e0053.9000e0040.0000 1.1792 1.1792 3.0000e0053.0000e0051.1896 Total 4.5000e0043.7000e0044.8300e0031.0000e0051.4200e0031.0000e0051.4300e0033.8000e0041.0000e0053.9000e0040.0000 1.1792 1.1792 3.0000e0053.0000e0051.1896 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0169 0.1662 0.1396 2.4000e0048.3800e0038.3800e0037.8300e0037.8300e0030.0000 21.0777 21.0777 5.3700e0030.0000 21.2119 Total 0.0169 0.1662 0.1396 2.4000e0048.3800e0038.3800e0037.8300e0037.8300e0030.0000 21.0777 21.0777 5.3700e0030.0000 21.2119 Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 7 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.3 Site Preparation - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 4.0000e0053.0000e0054.5000e0040.0000 1.3000e0040.0000 1.3000e0043.0000e0050.0000 4.0000e0050.0000 0.1089 0.1089 0.0000 0.0000 0.1098 Total 4.0000e0053.0000e0054.5000e0040.0000 1.3000e0040.0000 1.3000e0043.0000e0050.0000 4.0000e0050.0000 0.1089 0.1089 0.0000 0.0000 0.1098 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Fugitive Dust 2.3900e0030.0000 2.3900e0032.6000e0040.0000 2.6000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 2.0700e0030.0235 0.0151 4.0000e0058.9000e0048.9000e0048.2000e0048.2000e0040.0000 3.2321 3.2321 1.0500e0030.0000 3.2582 Total 2.0700e0030.0235 0.0151 4.0000e0052.3900e0038.9000e0043.2800e0032.6000e0048.2000e0041.0800e0030.0000 3.2321 3.2321 1.0500e0030.0000 3.2582 Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 9 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.4 Grading - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Fugitive Dust 0.0213 0.0000 0.0213 0.0103 0.0000 0.0103 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 4.6200e0030.0510 0.0277 6.0000e0052.2300e0032.2300e0032.0500e0032.0500e0030.0000 5.4308 5.4308 1.7600e0030.0000 5.4747 Total 4.6200e0030.0510 0.0277 6.0000e0050.0213 2.2300e0030.0235 0.0103 2.0500e0030.0123 0.0000 5.4308 5.4308 1.7600e0030.0000 5.4747 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 10 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.4 Grading - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 1.0000e0049.0000e0051.1100e0030.0000 3.3000e0040.0000 3.3000e0049.0000e0050.0000 9.0000e0050.0000 0.2721 0.2721 1.0000e0051.0000e0050.2745 Total 1.0000e0049.0000e0051.1100e0030.0000 3.3000e0040.0000 3.3000e0049.0000e0050.0000 9.0000e0050.0000 0.2721 0.2721 1.0000e0051.0000e0050.2745 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Fugitive Dust 0.0213 0.0000 0.0213 0.0103 0.0000 0.0103 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 4.6200e0030.0510 0.0277 6.0000e0052.2300e0032.2300e0032.0500e0032.0500e0030.0000 5.4308 5.4308 1.7600e0030.0000 5.4747 Total 4.6200e0030.0510 0.0277 6.0000e0050.0213 2.2300e0030.0235 0.0103 2.0500e0030.0123 0.0000 5.4308 5.4308 1.7600e0030.0000 5.4747 Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 11 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.5 Building Construction - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.1874 1.4750 1.4497 2.5300e0030.0709 0.0709 0.0680 0.0680 0.0000 209.7569 209.7569 0.0405 0.0000 210.7686 Total 0.1874 1.4750 1.4497 2.5300e0030.0709 0.0709 0.0680 0.0680 0.0000 209.7569 209.7569 0.0405 0.0000 210.7686 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 12 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.5 Building Construction - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 1.7700e0030.0467 0.0155 1.8000e0045.7300e0034.2000e0046.1500e0031.6500e0034.1000e0042.0600e0030.0000 17.3581 17.3581 5.8000e0042.5000e00318.1187 Worker 7.9600e0036.6300e0030.0862 2.3000e0040.0255 1.7000e0040.0256 6.7600e0031.5000e0046.9100e0030.0000 21.0712 21.0712 6.0000e0045.7000e00421.2568 Total 9.7300e0030.0534 0.1017 4.1000e0040.0312 5.9000e0040.0318 8.4100e0035.6000e0048.9700e0030.0000 38.4293 38.4293 1.1800e0033.0700e00339.3755 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.1874 1.4750 1.4497 2.5300e0030.0709 0.0709 0.0680 0.0680 0.0000 209.7567 209.7567 0.0405 0.0000 210.7684 Total 0.1874 1.4750 1.4497 2.5300e0030.0709 0.0709 0.0680 0.0680 0.0000 209.7567 209.7567 0.0405 0.0000 210.7684 Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 13 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.5 Building Construction - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0154 0.1226 0.1279 2.3000e0045.5200e0035.5200e0035.2900e0035.2900e0030.0000 18.6932 18.6932 3.5400e0030.0000 18.7816 Total 0.0154 0.1226 0.1279 2.3000e0045.5200e0035.5200e0035.2900e0035.2900e0030.0000 18.6932 18.6932 3.5400e0030.0000 18.7816 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
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3.5 Building Construction - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 9.0000e0053.2600e0031.2200e0032.0000e0055.1000e0042.0000e0055.3000e0041.5000e0041.0000e0051.6000e0040.0000 1.4728 1.4728 5.0000e0052.1000e0041.5372 Worker 6.6000e0045.2000e0047.0700e0032.0000e0052.2700e0031.0000e0052.2800e0036.0000e0041.0000e0056.2000e0040.0000 1.8282 1.8282 5.0000e0055.0000e0051.8434 Total 7.5000e0043.7800e0038.2900e0034.0000e0052.7800e0033.0000e0052.8100e0037.5000e0042.0000e0057.8000e0040.0000 3.3009 3.3009 1.0000e0042.6000e0043.3805 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0154 0.1226 0.1279 2.3000e0045.5200e0035.5200e0035.2900e0035.2900e0030.0000 18.6932 18.6932 3.5400e0030.0000 18.7815 Total 0.0154 0.1226 0.1279 2.3000e0045.5200e0035.5200e0035.2900e0035.2900e0030.0000 18.6932 18.6932 3.5400e0030.0000 18.7815 Mitigated Construction On-Site
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3.6 Paving - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 4.4000e0030.0431 0.0584 9.0000e0052.1700e0032.1700e0032.0000e0032.0000e0030.0000 7.7564 7.7564 2.4600e0030.0000 7.8179 Paving 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 4.4000e0030.0431 0.0584 9.0000e0052.1700e0032.1700e0032.0000e0032.0000e0030.0000 7.7564 7.7564 2.4600e0030.0000 7.8179 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
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3.6 Paving - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 2.4000e0041.9000e0042.5600e0031.0000e0058.2000e0041.0000e0058.3000e0042.2000e0040.0000 2.2000e0040.0000 0.6624 0.6624 2.0000e0052.0000e0050.6679 Total 2.4000e0041.9000e0042.5600e0031.0000e0058.2000e0041.0000e0058.3000e0042.2000e0040.0000 2.2000e0040.0000 0.6624 0.6624 2.0000e0052.0000e0050.6679 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 4.4000e0030.0431 0.0584 9.0000e0052.1700e0032.1700e0032.0000e0032.0000e0030.0000 7.7564 7.7564 2.4600e0030.0000 7.8178 Paving 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 4.4000e0030.0431 0.0584 9.0000e0052.1700e0032.1700e0032.0000e0032.0000e0030.0000 7.7564 7.7564 2.4600e0030.0000 7.8178 Mitigated Construction On-Site
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3.7 Architectural Coating - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 8.0000e0056.0000e0058.5000e0040.0000 2.7000e0040.0000 2.8000e0047.0000e0050.0000 7.0000e0050.0000 0.2208 0.2208 1.0000e0051.0000e0050.2226 Total 8.0000e0056.0000e0058.5000e0040.0000 2.7000e0040.0000 2.8000e0047.0000e0050.0000 7.0000e0050.0000 0.2208 0.2208 1.0000e0051.0000e0050.2226 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Archit. Coating 0.2564 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 9.6000e0046.5100e0039.0600e0031.0000e0053.5000e0043.5000e0043.5000e0043.5000e0040.0000 1.2766 1.2766 8.0000e0050.0000 1.2785 Total 0.2574 6.5100e0039.0600e0031.0000e0053.5000e0043.5000e0043.5000e0043.5000e0040.0000 1.2766 1.2766 8.0000e0050.0000 1.2785 Mitigated Construction On-Site
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4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Mitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unmitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile

4.2 Trip Summary Information

4.3 Trip Type Information
Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated
Land Use Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT Annual VMT
Manufacturing 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00
Miles Trip % Trip Purpose %
Land Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-by Manufacturing 16.60 8.40 6.90 59.00 28.00 13.00 92 5 3

4.4 Fleet Mix
Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH Manufacturing 0.546774 0.061880 0.186704 0.127505 0.022909 0.005912 0.010702 0.008032 0.000940 0.000617 0.023937 0.000692 0.003397 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 21 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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5.0 Energy Detail
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Electricity
Mitigated

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 147.5162 147.5162 8.9900e0031.0900e003148.0658 Electricity
Unmitigated

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 147.5162 147.5162 8.9900e0031.0900e003148.0658 NaturalGas
Mitigated

5.3600e0030.0487 0.0409 2.9000e0043.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0030.0000 53.0204 53.0204 1.0200e0039.7000e00453.3355 NaturalGas
Unmitigated

5.3600e0030.0487 0.0409 2.9000e0043.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0030.0000 53.0204 53.0204 1.0200e0039.7000e00453.3355

5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy
Historical Energy Use: N
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5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr
Manufacturing 993565 5.3600e0030.0487 0.0409 2.9000e0043.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0030.0000 53.0204 53.0204 1.0200e0039.7000e00453.3355 Total 5.3600e0030.0487 0.0409 2.9000e0043.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0030.0000 53.0204 53.0204 1.0200e0039.7000e00453.3355 Unmitigated
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr
Manufacturing 993565 5.3600e0030.0487 0.0409 2.9000e0043.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0030.0000 53.0204 53.0204 1.0200e0039.7000e00453.3355 Total 5.3600e0030.0487 0.0409 2.9000e0043.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0033.7000e0030.0000 53.0204 53.0204 1.0200e0039.7000e00453.3355 Mitigated
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6.1 Mitigation Measures Area

6.0 Area Detail

5.3 Energy by Land Use - Electricity
Electricity
Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr
Manufacturing 600786 147.5162 8.9900e0031.0900e003148.0658 Total 147.5162 8.9900e0031.0900e003148.0658
Unmitigated
Electricity
Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr
Manufacturing 600786 147.5162 8.9900e0031.0900e003148.0658 Total 147.5162 8.9900e0031.0900e003148.0658
Mitigated
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ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Mitigated 0.2256 1.0000e0057.1000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.3700e0031.3700e0030.0000 0.0000 1.4600e003 Unmitigated 0.2256 1.0000e0057.1000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.3700e0031.3700e0030.0000 0.0000 1.4600e003

6.2 Area by SubCategory
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
SubCategory tons/yr MT/yr
Architectural
Coating

0.0256 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer
Products

0.1999 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Landscaping 7.0000e0051.0000e0057.1000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.3700e0031.3700e0030.0000 0.0000 1.4600e003 Total 0.2256 1.0000e0057.1000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.3700e0031.3700e0030.0000 0.0000 1.4600e003 Unmitigated
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7.1 Mitigation Measures Water

7.0 Water Detail

0.0256 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer
Products

0.1999 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Landscaping 7.0000e0051.0000e0057.1000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.3700e0031.3700e0030.0000 0.0000 1.4600e003 Total 0.2256 1.0000e0057.1000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.3700e0031.3700e0030.0000 0.0000 1.4600e003 Mitigated
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Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category MT/yr
Mitigated 44.9590 0.4194 0.0102 58.4658
Unmitigated 44.9590 0.4194 0.0102 58.4658

7.2 Water by Land Use
Indoor/Out
door Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use Mgal MT/yr
Manufacturing 12.7928 /
0 44.9590 0.4194 0.0102 58.4658
Total 44.9590 0.4194 0.0102 58.4658
Unmitigated
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7.2 Water by Land Use
Indoor/Out
door Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use Mgal MT/yr
Manufacturing 12.7928 /
0 44.9590 0.4194 0.0102 58.4658
Total 44.9590 0.4194 0.0102 58.4658
Mitigated

8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste

8.0 Waste Detail
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
MT/yr
Mitigated 13.9252 0.8230 0.0000 34.4990
Unmitigated 13.9252 0.8230 0.0000 34.4990
Category/Year
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8.2 Waste by Land Use
Waste
Disposed
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use tons MT/yr
Manufacturing 68.6 13.9252 0.8230 0.0000 34.4990
Total 13.9252 0.8230 0.0000 34.4990
Unmitigated
Waste
Disposed
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use tons MT/yr
Manufacturing 68.6 13.9252 0.8230 0.0000 34.4990
Total 13.9252 0.8230 0.0000 34.4990
Mitigated

9.0 Operational Offroad
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 29 of 30 Date: 2/11/2022 2:52 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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11.0 Vegetation

10.0 Stationary Equipment
Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type Boilers
Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Fuel Type User Defined Equipment
Equipment Type Number
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Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use
Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer
Project Characteristics - 2022 existing CO2 intensity
Land Use - 2.7 acre site
Construction Phase - no construction
Vehicle Trips - mobile calculated separately

1.1 Land Usage
Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population Manufacturing 55.32 1000sqft 2.70 55,321.00 0

1.2 Other Project Characteristics
Urbanization
Climate Zone
Urban
9 Wind Speed (m/s) 2.2 Precipitation Freq (Days) 33

1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data

1.0 Project Characteristics
Utility Company Southern California Edison
Operational Year 2022
CO2 Intensity
(lb/MWhr)
541.32 CH4 Intensity 0.033
(lb/MWhr)
N2O Intensity 0.004
(lb/MWhr)
Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value
tblLandUse LotAcreage 1.27 2.70
tblProjectCharacteristics CO2IntensityFactor 531.98 541.32 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 6.42 0.00
tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 5.09 0.00
tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 3.93 0.00
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2.0 Emissions Summary

2.1 Overall Construction (Maximum Daily Emission)
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Year lb/day lb/day
2022 1.9528 17.0089 15.4109 0.0291 7.1944 0.8388 7.9374 3.4544 0.7837 4.1379 0.0000 2,717.925 9 2,717.925
9 0.7704 0.0331 2,739.136
8 2023 51.4907 14.0207 15.1818 0.0290 0.3147 0.6169 0.9317 0.0848 0.5911 0.6759 0.0000 2,702.678 5 2,702.678
5 0.5457 0.0312 2,723.103
7 Maximum 51.4907 17.0089 15.4109 0.0291 7.1944 0.8388 7.9374 3.4544 0.7837 4.1379 0.0000 2,717.925 9 2,717.925
9 0.7704 0.0331 2,739.136
8 Unmitigated Construction
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Year lb/day lb/day
2022 1.9528 17.0089 15.4109 0.0291 7.1944 0.8388 7.9374 3.4544 0.7837 4.1379 0.0000 2,717.925 9 2,717.925
9 0.7704 0.0331 2,739.136
8 2023 51.4907 14.0207 15.1818 0.0290 0.3147 0.6169 0.9317 0.0848 0.5911 0.6759 0.0000 2,702.678 5 2,702.678
5 0.5457 0.0312 2,723.103
7 Maximum 51.4907 17.0089 15.4109 0.0291 7.1944 0.8388 7.9374 3.4544 0.7837 4.1379 0.0000 2,717.925 9 2,717.925
9 0.7704 0.0331 2,739.136
8 Mitigated Construction
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ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e
Percent
Reduction

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 3 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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2.2 Overall Operational
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Area 1.2364 5.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Energy 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Mobile 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 1.2657 0.2669 0.2298 1.6000e0030.0000 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 0.0203 0.0203 320.2587 320.2587 6.1700e0035.8700e003322.1626 Unmitigated Operational
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Area 1.2364 5.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Energy 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Mobile 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 1.2657 0.2669 0.2298 1.6000e0030.0000 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 0.0203 0.0203 320.2587 320.2587 6.1700e0035.8700e003322.1626 Mitigated Operational
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3.0 Construction Detail
Construction Phase
Phase
Number
Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Num Days
Week
Num Days Phase Description
1 Demolition Demolition 2/11/2022 3/10/2022 5 20
2 Site Preparation Site Preparation 3/11/2022 3/15/2022 5 3 3 Grading Grading 3/16/2022 3/23/2022 5 6
4 Building Construction Building Construction 3/24/2022 1/25/2023 5 220 5 Paving Paving 1/26/2023 2/8/2023 5 10
6 Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 2/9/2023 2/22/2023 5 10 OffRoad Equipment
Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor Architectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6.00 78 0.48
Paving Cement and Mortar Mixers 1 8.00 9 0.56
Demolition Concrete/Industrial Saws 1 8.00 81 0.73
Building Construction Cranes 1 8.00 231 0.29
Building Construction Forklifts 2 7.00 89 0.20
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e
Percent
Reduction

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 82,982; Non-Residential Outdoor: 27,661; Striped Parking Area: 0 (Architectural Coating – sqft)
Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 4.5
Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 6
Acres of Paving: 0
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3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction
Building Construction Generator Sets 1 8.00 84 0.74
Grading Graders 1 8.00 187 0.41
Site Preparation Graders 1 8.00 187 0.41
Paving Pavers 1 8.00 130 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment 1 8.00 132 0.36
Paving Rollers 2 8.00 80 0.38
Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40
Site Preparation Scrapers 1 8.00 367 0.48
Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 6.00 97 0.37 Demolition Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8.00 97 0.37
Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 7.00 97 0.37
Paving Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 8.00 97 0.37
Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 7.00 97 0.37 Building Construction Welders 3 8.00 46 0.45
Trips and VMT
Phase Name Offroad Equipment
Count
Worker Trip
Number
Vendor Trip
Number
Hauling Trip
Number
Worker Trip
Length
Vendor Trip
Length
Hauling Trip
Length
Worker Vehicle
Class
Vendor
Vehicle Class
Hauling
Vehicle Class
Demolition 5 13.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Site Preparation 3 8.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading 4 10.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Building Construction 8 23.00 9.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Paving 6 15.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Architectural Coating 1 5.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 6 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 827 of 1828 ends

3.2 Demolition - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.6889 16.6217 13.9605 0.0241 0.8379 0.8379 0.7829 0.7829 2,323.416 8 2,323.416
8 0.5921 2,338.219
1 Total 1.6889 16.6217 13.9605 0.0241 0.8379 0.8379 0.7829 0.7829 2,323.416 8 2,323.416
8 0.5921 2,338.219
1 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0450 0.0329 0.5124 1.3300e0030.1453 9.3000e0040.1462 0.0385 8.6000e0040.0394 135.2165 135.2165 3.6600e0033.2500e003136.2774 Total 0.0450 0.0329 0.5124 1.3300e0030.1453 9.3000e0040.1462 0.0385 8.6000e0040.0394 135.2165 135.2165 3.6600e0033.2500e003136.2774 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 7 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 828 of 1828 ends

3.2 Demolition - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.6889 16.6217 13.9605 0.0241 0.8379 0.8379 0.7829 0.7829 0.0000 2,323.416 8 2,323.416
8 0.5921 2,338.219
1 Total 1.6889 16.6217 13.9605 0.0241 0.8379 0.8379 0.7829 0.7829 0.0000 2,323.416 8 2,323.416
8 0.5921 2,338.219
1 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0450 0.0329 0.5124 1.3300e0030.1453 9.3000e0040.1462 0.0385 8.6000e0040.0394 135.2165 135.2165 3.6600e0033.2500e003136.2774 Total 0.0450 0.0329 0.5124 1.3300e0030.1453 9.3000e0040.1462 0.0385 8.6000e0040.0394 135.2165 135.2165 3.6600e0033.2500e003136.2774 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 8 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.3 Site Preparation - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Fugitive Dust 1.5908 0.0000 1.5908 0.1718 0.0000 0.1718 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 1.3784 15.6673 10.0558 0.0245 0.5952 0.5952 0.5476 0.5476 2,375.156 9 2,375.156
9 0.7682 2,394.361
3 Total 1.3784 15.6673 10.0558 0.0245 1.5908 0.5952 2.1859 0.1718 0.5476 0.7193 2,375.156 9 2,375.156
9 0.7682 2,394.361
3 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0277 0.0202 0.3153 8.2000e0040.0894 5.7000e0040.0900 0.0237 5.3000e0040.0242 83.2102 83.2102 2.2500e0032.0000e00383.8630 Total 0.0277 0.0202 0.3153 8.2000e0040.0894 5.7000e0040.0900 0.0237 5.3000e0040.0242 83.2102 83.2102 2.2500e0032.0000e00383.8630 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 9 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.3 Site Preparation - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Fugitive Dust 1.5908 0.0000 1.5908 0.1718 0.0000 0.1718 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 1.3784 15.6673 10.0558 0.0245 0.5952 0.5952 0.5476 0.5476 0.0000 2,375.156 9 2,375.156
9 0.7682 2,394.361
3 Total 1.3784 15.6673 10.0558 0.0245 1.5908 0.5952 2.1859 0.1718 0.5476 0.7193 0.0000 2,375.156 9 2,375.156
9 0.7682 2,394.361
3 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0277 0.0202 0.3153 8.2000e0040.0894 5.7000e0040.0900 0.0237 5.3000e0040.0242 83.2102 83.2102 2.2500e0032.0000e00383.8630 Total 0.0277 0.0202 0.3153 8.2000e0040.0894 5.7000e0040.0900 0.0237 5.3000e0040.0242 83.2102 83.2102 2.2500e0032.0000e00383.8630 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 10 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 831 of 1828 ends

3.4 Grading - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Fugitive Dust 7.0826 0.0000 7.0826 3.4247 0.0000 3.4247 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 1.5403 16.9836 9.2202 0.0206 0.7423 0.7423 0.6829 0.6829 1,995.482 5 1,995.482
5 0.6454 2,011.616
9 Total 1.5403 16.9836 9.2202 0.0206 7.0826 0.7423 7.8249 3.4247 0.6829 4.1076 1,995.482 5 1,995.482
5 0.6454 2,011.616
9 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0346 0.0253 0.3941 1.0200e0030.1118 7.2000e0040.1125 0.0296 6.6000e0040.0303 104.0127 104.0127 2.8200e0032.5000e003104.8288 Total 0.0346 0.0253 0.3941 1.0200e0030.1118 7.2000e0040.1125 0.0296 6.6000e0040.0303 104.0127 104.0127 2.8200e0032.5000e003104.8288 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 11 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 832 of 1828 ends

3.4 Grading - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Fugitive Dust 7.0826 0.0000 7.0826 3.4247 0.0000 3.4247 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 1.5403 16.9836 9.2202 0.0206 0.7423 0.7423 0.6829 0.6829 0.0000 1,995.482 5 1,995.482
5 0.6454 2,011.616
9 Total 1.5403 16.9836 9.2202 0.0206 7.0826 0.7423 7.8249 3.4247 0.6829 4.1076 0.0000 1,995.482 5 1,995.482
5 0.6454 2,011.616
9 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0346 0.0253 0.3941 1.0200e0030.1118 7.2000e0040.1125 0.0296 6.6000e0040.0303 104.0127 104.0127 2.8200e0032.5000e003104.8288 Total 0.0346 0.0253 0.3941 1.0200e0030.1118 7.2000e0040.1125 0.0296 6.6000e0040.0303 104.0127 104.0127 2.8200e0032.5000e003104.8288 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 12 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.5 Building Construction - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.8555 14.6040 14.3533 0.0250 0.7022 0.7022 0.6731 0.6731 2,289.281 3 2,289.281
3 0.4417 2,300.323
0 Total 1.8555 14.6040 14.3533 0.0250 0.7022 0.7022 0.6731 0.6731 2,289.281 3 2,289.281
3 0.4417 2,300.323
0 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0177 0.4409 0.1512 1.7600e0030.0577 4.2000e0030.0619 0.0166 4.0200e0030.0206 189.4154 189.4154 6.3300e0030.0273 197.7076 Worker 0.0796 0.0581 0.9065 2.3500e0030.2571 1.6500e0030.2587 0.0682 1.5200e0030.0697 239.2292 239.2292 6.4800e0035.7600e003241.1062 Total 0.0973 0.4990 1.0577 4.1100e0030.3147 5.8500e0030.3206 0.0848 5.5400e0030.0903 428.6447 428.6447 0.0128 0.0331 438.8138 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 13 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.5 Building Construction - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.8555 14.6040 14.3533 0.0250 0.7022 0.7022 0.6731 0.6731 0.0000 2,289.281 3 2,289.281
3 0.4417 2,300.323
0 Total 1.8555 14.6040 14.3533 0.0250 0.7022 0.7022 0.6731 0.6731 0.0000 2,289.281 3 2,289.281
3 0.4417 2,300.323
0 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0177 0.4409 0.1512 1.7600e0030.0577 4.2000e0030.0619 0.0166 4.0200e0030.0206 189.4154 189.4154 6.3300e0030.0273 197.7076 Worker 0.0796 0.0581 0.9065 2.3500e0030.2571 1.6500e0030.2587 0.0682 1.5200e0030.0697 239.2292 239.2292 6.4800e0035.7600e003241.1062 Total 0.0973 0.4990 1.0577 4.1100e0030.3147 5.8500e0030.3206 0.0848 5.5400e0030.0903 428.6447 428.6447 0.0128 0.0331 438.8138 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 14 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 835 of 1828 ends

3.5 Building Construction - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.7136 13.6239 14.2145 0.0250 0.6136 0.6136 0.5880 0.5880 2,289.523 3 2,289.523
3 0.4330 2,300.347
9 Total 1.7136 13.6239 14.2145 0.0250 0.6136 0.6136 0.5880 0.5880 2,289.523 3 2,289.523
3 0.4330 2,300.347
9 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0104 0.3455 0.1338 1.6800e0030.0577 1.7400e0030.0594 0.0166 1.6600e0030.0183 180.2542 180.2542 6.0400e0030.0259 188.1280 Worker 0.0737 0.0514 0.8335 2.2800e0030.2571 1.5500e0030.2586 0.0682 1.4300e0030.0696 232.9009 232.9009 5.8000e0035.3100e003234.6278 Total 0.0840 0.3968 0.9673 3.9600e0030.3147 3.2900e0030.3180 0.0848 3.0900e0030.0879 413.1552 413.1552 0.0118 0.0312 422.7558 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 15 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 836 of 1828 ends

3.5 Building Construction - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.7136 13.6239 14.2145 0.0250 0.6136 0.6136 0.5880 0.5880 0.0000 2,289.523 3 2,289.523
3 0.4330 2,300.347
9 Total 1.7136 13.6239 14.2145 0.0250 0.6136 0.6136 0.5880 0.5880 0.0000 2,289.523 3 2,289.523
3 0.4330 2,300.347
9 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0104 0.3455 0.1338 1.6800e0030.0577 1.7400e0030.0594 0.0166 1.6600e0030.0183 180.2542 180.2542 6.0400e0030.0259 188.1280 Worker 0.0737 0.0514 0.8335 2.2800e0030.2571 1.5500e0030.2586 0.0682 1.4300e0030.0696 232.9009 232.9009 5.8000e0035.3100e003234.6278 Total 0.0840 0.3968 0.9673 3.9600e0030.3147 3.2900e0030.3180 0.0848 3.0900e0030.0879 413.1552 413.1552 0.0118 0.0312 422.7558 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 16 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 837 of 1828 ends

3.6 Paving - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 0.8802 8.6098 11.6840 0.0179 0.4338 0.4338 0.4003 0.4003 1,709.992 6 1,709.992
6 0.5420 1,723.541
4 Paving 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.8802 8.6098 11.6840 0.0179 0.4338 0.4338 0.4003 0.4003 1,709.992 6 1,709.992
6 0.5420 1,723.541
4 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0480 0.0335 0.5436 1.4800e0030.1677 1.0100e0030.1687 0.0445 9.3000e0040.0454 151.8919 151.8919 3.7800e0033.4600e003153.0181 Total 0.0480 0.0335 0.5436 1.4800e0030.1677 1.0100e0030.1687 0.0445 9.3000e0040.0454 151.8919 151.8919 3.7800e0033.4600e003153.0181 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 17 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.6 Paving - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 0.8802 8.6098 11.6840 0.0179 0.4338 0.4338 0.4003 0.4003 0.0000 1,709.992 6 1,709.992
6 0.5420 1,723.541
4 Paving 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.8802 8.6098 11.6840 0.0179 0.4338 0.4338 0.4003 0.4003 0.0000 1,709.992 6 1,709.992
6 0.5420 1,723.541
4 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0480 0.0335 0.5436 1.4800e0030.1677 1.0100e0030.1687 0.0445 9.3000e0040.0454 151.8919 151.8919 3.7800e0033.4600e003153.0181 Total 0.0480 0.0335 0.5436 1.4800e0030.1677 1.0100e0030.1687 0.0445 9.3000e0040.0454 151.8919 151.8919 3.7800e0033.4600e003153.0181 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
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3.7 Architectural Coating - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 51.2830 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1917 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e0030.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 Total 51.4747 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e0030.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0160 0.0112 0.1812 4.9000e0040.0559 3.4000e0040.0562 0.0148 3.1000e0040.0151 50.6306 50.6306 1.2600e0031.1500e00351.0060 Total 0.0160 0.0112 0.1812 4.9000e0040.0559 3.4000e0040.0562 0.0148 3.1000e0040.0151 50.6306 50.6306 1.2600e0031.1500e00351.0060 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
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3.7 Architectural Coating - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 51.2830 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1917 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e0030.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 Total 51.4747 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e0030.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0160 0.0112 0.1812 4.9000e0040.0559 3.4000e0040.0562 0.0148 3.1000e0040.0151 50.6306 50.6306 1.2600e0031.1500e00351.0060 Total 0.0160 0.0112 0.1812 4.9000e0040.0559 3.4000e0040.0562 0.0148 3.1000e0040.0151 50.6306 50.6306 1.2600e0031.1500e00351.0060 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
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4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Mitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unmitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile

4.2 Trip Summary Information

4.4 Fleet Mix
Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH Manufacturing 0.546774 0.061880 0.186704 0.127505 0.022909 0.005912 0.010702 0.008032 0.000940 0.000617 0.023937 0.000692 0.003397 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 21 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:55 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Summer EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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5.0 Energy Detail
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
NaturalGas
Mitigated

0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 NaturalGas
Unmitigated

0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497

5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr lb/day lb/day
Manufacturing 2722.1 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Total 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Unmitigated

5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy
Historical Energy Use: N
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6.1 Mitigation Measures Area

6.0 Area Detail
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Mitigated 1.2364 5.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Unmitigated 1.2364 5.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129

5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr lb/day lb/day
Manufacturing 2.7221 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Total 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Mitigated
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6.2 Area by SubCategory
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
SubCategory lb/day lb/day
Architectural
Coating

0.1405 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Consumer
Products

1.0954 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Landscaping 5.3000e0045.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Total 1.2364 5.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Unmitigated
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7.1 Mitigation Measures Water

7.0 Water Detail

0.1405 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Consumer
Products

1.0954 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Landscaping 5.3000e0045.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Total 1.2364 5.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Mitigated
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11.0 Vegetation

8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste

8.0 Waste Detail

9.0 Operational Offroad
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type

10.0 Stationary Equipment
Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type Boilers
Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Fuel Type User Defined Equipment
Equipment Type Number
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Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use
Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter
Project Characteristics - 2022 existing CO2 intensity
Land Use - 2.7 acre site
Construction Phase - no construction
Vehicle Trips - mobile calculated separately

1.1 Land Usage
Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population Manufacturing 55.32 1000sqft 2.70 55,321.00 0

1.2 Other Project Characteristics
Urbanization
Climate Zone
Urban
9 Wind Speed (m/s) 2.2 Precipitation Freq (Days) 33

1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data

1.0 Project Characteristics
Utility Company Southern California Edison
Operational Year 2022
CO2 Intensity
(lb/MWhr)
541.32 CH4 Intensity 0.033
(lb/MWhr)
N2O Intensity 0.004
(lb/MWhr)
Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value
tblLandUse LotAcreage 1.27 2.70
tblProjectCharacteristics CO2IntensityFactor 531.98 541.32 tblVehicleTrips ST_TR 6.42 0.00
tblVehicleTrips SU_TR 5.09 0.00
tblVehicleTrips WD_TR 3.93 0.00
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2.0 Emissions Summary

2.1 Overall Construction (Maximum Daily Emission)
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Year lb/day lb/day
2022 1.9582 17.0115 15.3420 0.0290 7.1944 0.8388 7.9374 3.4544 0.7837 4.1379 0.0000 2,705.348 5 2,705.348
5 0.7705 0.0335 2,726.688
8 2023 51.4919 14.0423 15.1186 0.0289 0.3147 0.6169 0.9317 0.0848 0.5911 0.6759 0.0000 2,690.703 7 2,690.703
7 0.5458 0.0317 2,711.258
7 Maximum 51.4919 17.0115 15.3420 0.0290 7.1944 0.8388 7.9374 3.4544 0.7837 4.1379 0.0000 2,705.348 5 2,705.348
5 0.7705 0.0335 2,726.688
8 Unmitigated Construction
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Year lb/day lb/day
2022 1.9582 17.0115 15.3420 0.0290 7.1944 0.8388 7.9374 3.4544 0.7837 4.1379 0.0000 2,705.348 5 2,705.348
5 0.7705 0.0335 2,726.688
8 2023 51.4919 14.0423 15.1186 0.0289 0.3147 0.6169 0.9317 0.0848 0.5911 0.6759 0.0000 2,690.703 7 2,690.703
7 0.5458 0.0317 2,711.258
7 Maximum 51.4919 17.0115 15.3420 0.0290 7.1944 0.8388 7.9374 3.4544 0.7837 4.1379 0.0000 2,705.348 5 2,705.348
5 0.7705 0.0335 2,726.688
8 Mitigated Construction
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ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e
Percent
Reduction

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 3 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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2.2 Overall Operational
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Area 1.2364 5.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Energy 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Mobile 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 1.2657 0.2669 0.2298 1.6000e0030.0000 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 0.0203 0.0203 320.2587 320.2587 6.1700e0035.8700e003322.1626 Unmitigated Operational
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Area 1.2364 5.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Energy 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Mobile 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 1.2657 0.2669 0.2298 1.6000e0030.0000 0.0203 0.0203 0.0000 0.0203 0.0203 320.2587 320.2587 6.1700e0035.8700e003322.1626 Mitigated Operational
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0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 82,982; Non-Residential Outdoor: 27,661; Striped Parking Area: 0 (Architectural Coating – sqft)
Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 4.5
Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 6
Acres of Paving: 0
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3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction
Building Construction Generator Sets 1 8.00 84 0.74
Grading Graders 1 8.00 187 0.41
Site Preparation Graders 1 8.00 187 0.41
Paving Pavers 1 8.00 130 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment 1 8.00 132 0.36
Paving Rollers 2 8.00 80 0.38
Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8.00 247 0.40
Site Preparation Scrapers 1 8.00 367 0.48
Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 6.00 97 0.37 Demolition Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8.00 97 0.37
Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 7.00 97 0.37
Paving Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 8.00 97 0.37
Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 7.00 97 0.37 Building Construction Welders 3 8.00 46 0.45
Trips and VMT
Phase Name Offroad Equipment
Count
Worker Trip
Number
Vendor Trip
Number
Hauling Trip
Number
Worker Trip
Length
Vendor Trip
Length
Hauling Trip
Length
Worker Vehicle
Class
Vendor
Vehicle Class
Hauling
Vehicle Class
Demolition 5 13.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Site Preparation 3 8.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading 4 10.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Building Construction 8 23.00 9.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Paving 6 15.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Architectural Coating 1 5.00 0.00 0.00 14.70 6.90 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 6 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.2 Demolition - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.6889 16.6217 13.9605 0.0241 0.8379 0.8379 0.7829 0.7829 2,323.416 8 2,323.416
8 0.5921 2,338.219
1 Total 1.6889 16.6217 13.9605 0.0241 0.8379 0.8379 0.7829 0.7829 2,323.416 8 2,323.416
8 0.5921 2,338.219
1 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0482 0.0363 0.4704 1.2600e0030.1453 9.3000e0040.1462 0.0385 8.6000e0040.0394 128.0673 128.0673 3.7000e0033.4800e003129.1958 Total 0.0482 0.0363 0.4704 1.2600e0030.1453 9.3000e0040.1462 0.0385 8.6000e0040.0394 128.0673 128.0673 3.7000e0033.4800e003129.1958 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
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3.2 Demolition - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.6889 16.6217 13.9605 0.0241 0.8379 0.8379 0.7829 0.7829 0.0000 2,323.416 8 2,323.416
8 0.5921 2,338.219
1 Total 1.6889 16.6217 13.9605 0.0241 0.8379 0.8379 0.7829 0.7829 0.0000 2,323.416 8 2,323.416
8 0.5921 2,338.219
1 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0482 0.0363 0.4704 1.2600e0030.1453 9.3000e0040.1462 0.0385 8.6000e0040.0394 128.0673 128.0673 3.7000e0033.4800e003129.1958 Total 0.0482 0.0363 0.4704 1.2600e0030.1453 9.3000e0040.1462 0.0385 8.6000e0040.0394 128.0673 128.0673 3.7000e0033.4800e003129.1958 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 8 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.3 Site Preparation - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Fugitive Dust 1.5908 0.0000 1.5908 0.1718 0.0000 0.1718 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 1.3784 15.6673 10.0558 0.0245 0.5952 0.5952 0.5476 0.5476 2,375.156 9 2,375.156
9 0.7682 2,394.361
3 Total 1.3784 15.6673 10.0558 0.0245 1.5908 0.5952 2.1859 0.1718 0.5476 0.7193 2,375.156 9 2,375.156
9 0.7682 2,394.361
3 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0296 0.0223 0.2895 7.7000e0040.0894 5.7000e0040.0900 0.0237 5.3000e0040.0242 78.8107 78.8107 2.2800e0032.1400e00379.5051 Total 0.0296 0.0223 0.2895 7.7000e0040.0894 5.7000e0040.0900 0.0237 5.3000e0040.0242 78.8107 78.8107 2.2800e0032.1400e00379.5051 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 9 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.3 Site Preparation - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Fugitive Dust 1.5908 0.0000 1.5908 0.1718 0.0000 0.1718 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 1.3784 15.6673 10.0558 0.0245 0.5952 0.5952 0.5476 0.5476 0.0000 2,375.156 9 2,375.156
9 0.7682 2,394.361
3 Total 1.3784 15.6673 10.0558 0.0245 1.5908 0.5952 2.1859 0.1718 0.5476 0.7193 0.0000 2,375.156 9 2,375.156
9 0.7682 2,394.361
3 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0296 0.0223 0.2895 7.7000e0040.0894 5.7000e0040.0900 0.0237 5.3000e0040.0242 78.8107 78.8107 2.2800e0032.1400e00379.5051 Total 0.0296 0.0223 0.2895 7.7000e0040.0894 5.7000e0040.0900 0.0237 5.3000e0040.0242 78.8107 78.8107 2.2800e0032.1400e00379.5051 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 10 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.4 Grading - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Fugitive Dust 7.0826 0.0000 7.0826 3.4247 0.0000 3.4247 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 1.5403 16.9836 9.2202 0.0206 0.7423 0.7423 0.6829 0.6829 1,995.482 5 1,995.482
5 0.6454 2,011.616
9 Total 1.5403 16.9836 9.2202 0.0206 7.0826 0.7423 7.8249 3.4247 0.6829 4.1076 1,995.482 5 1,995.482
5 0.6454 2,011.616
9 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0371 0.0279 0.3619 9.7000e0040.1118 7.2000e0040.1125 0.0296 6.6000e0040.0303 98.5133 98.5133 2.8500e0032.6700e00399.3813 Total 0.0371 0.0279 0.3619 9.7000e0040.1118 7.2000e0040.1125 0.0296 6.6000e0040.0303 98.5133 98.5133 2.8500e0032.6700e00399.3813 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 11 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.4 Grading - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Fugitive Dust 7.0826 0.0000 7.0826 3.4247 0.0000 3.4247 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 1.5403 16.9836 9.2202 0.0206 0.7423 0.7423 0.6829 0.6829 0.0000 1,995.482 5 1,995.482
5 0.6454 2,011.616
9 Total 1.5403 16.9836 9.2202 0.0206 7.0826 0.7423 7.8249 3.4247 0.6829 4.1076 0.0000 1,995.482 5 1,995.482
5 0.6454 2,011.616
9 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0371 0.0279 0.3619 9.7000e0040.1118 7.2000e0040.1125 0.0296 6.6000e0040.0303 98.5133 98.5133 2.8500e0032.6700e00399.3813 Total 0.0371 0.0279 0.3619 9.7000e0040.1118 7.2000e0040.1125 0.0296 6.6000e0040.0303 98.5133 98.5133 2.8500e0032.6700e00399.3813 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 12 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.5 Building Construction - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.8555 14.6040 14.3533 0.0250 0.7022 0.7022 0.6731 0.6731 2,289.281 3 2,289.281
3 0.4417 2,300.323
0 Total 1.8555 14.6040 14.3533 0.0250 0.7022 0.7022 0.6731 0.6731 2,289.281 3 2,289.281
3 0.4417 2,300.323
0 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0175 0.4590 0.1564 1.7600e0030.0577 4.2100e0030.0619 0.0166 4.0300e0030.0206 189.4866 189.4866 6.3100e0030.0273 197.7888 Worker 0.0852 0.0642 0.8323 2.2300e0030.2571 1.6500e0030.2587 0.0682 1.5200e0030.0697 226.5806 226.5806 6.5500e0036.1500e003228.5771 Total 0.1027 0.5233 0.9887 3.9900e0030.3147 5.8600e0030.3206 0.0848 5.5500e0030.0903 416.0672 416.0672 0.0129 0.0335 426.3659 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 13 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.5 Building Construction - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.8555 14.6040 14.3533 0.0250 0.7022 0.7022 0.6731 0.6731 0.0000 2,289.281 3 2,289.281
3 0.4417 2,300.323
0 Total 1.8555 14.6040 14.3533 0.0250 0.7022 0.7022 0.6731 0.6731 0.0000 2,289.281 3 2,289.281
3 0.4417 2,300.323
0 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0175 0.4590 0.1564 1.7600e0030.0577 4.2100e0030.0619 0.0166 4.0300e0030.0206 189.4866 189.4866 6.3100e0030.0273 197.7888 Worker 0.0852 0.0642 0.8323 2.2300e0030.2571 1.6500e0030.2587 0.0682 1.5200e0030.0697 226.5806 226.5806 6.5500e0036.1500e003228.5771 Total 0.1027 0.5233 0.9887 3.9900e0030.3147 5.8600e0030.3206 0.0848 5.5500e0030.0903 416.0672 416.0672 0.0129 0.0335 426.3659 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 14 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 861 of 1828 ends

3.5 Building Construction - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.7136 13.6239 14.2145 0.0250 0.6136 0.6136 0.5880 0.5880 2,289.523 3 2,289.523
3 0.4330 2,300.347
9 Total 1.7136 13.6239 14.2145 0.0250 0.6136 0.6136 0.5880 0.5880 2,289.523 3 2,289.523
3 0.4330 2,300.347
9 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0100 0.3617 0.1380 1.6800e0030.0577 1.7500e0030.0594 0.0166 1.6700e0030.0183 180.5583 180.5583 6.0100e0030.0260 188.4520 Worker 0.0791 0.0567 0.7661 2.1600e0030.2571 1.5500e0030.2586 0.0682 1.4300e0030.0696 220.6221 220.6221 5.8800e0035.6700e003222.4588 Total 0.0891 0.4184 0.9041 3.8400e0030.3147 3.3000e0030.3180 0.0848 3.1000e0030.0879 401.1804 401.1804 0.0119 0.0317 410.9108 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 15 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 862 of 1828 ends

3.5 Building Construction - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 1.7136 13.6239 14.2145 0.0250 0.6136 0.6136 0.5880 0.5880 0.0000 2,289.523 3 2,289.523
3 0.4330 2,300.347
9 Total 1.7136 13.6239 14.2145 0.0250 0.6136 0.6136 0.5880 0.5880 0.0000 2,289.523 3 2,289.523
3 0.4330 2,300.347
9 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0100 0.3617 0.1380 1.6800e0030.0577 1.7500e0030.0594 0.0166 1.6700e0030.0183 180.5583 180.5583 6.0100e0030.0260 188.4520 Worker 0.0791 0.0567 0.7661 2.1600e0030.2571 1.5500e0030.2586 0.0682 1.4300e0030.0696 220.6221 220.6221 5.8800e0035.6700e003222.4588 Total 0.0891 0.4184 0.9041 3.8400e0030.3147 3.3000e0030.3180 0.0848 3.1000e0030.0879 401.1804 401.1804 0.0119 0.0317 410.9108 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 16 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 863 of 1828 ends

3.6 Paving - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 0.8802 8.6098 11.6840 0.0179 0.4338 0.4338 0.4003 0.4003 1,709.992 6 1,709.992
6 0.5420 1,723.541
4 Paving 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.8802 8.6098 11.6840 0.0179 0.4338 0.4338 0.4003 0.4003 1,709.992 6 1,709.992
6 0.5420 1,723.541
4 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0516 0.0370 0.4996 1.4100e0030.1677 1.0100e0030.1687 0.0445 9.3000e0040.0454 143.8840 143.8840 3.8300e0033.7000e003145.0818 Total 0.0516 0.0370 0.4996 1.4100e0030.1677 1.0100e0030.1687 0.0445 9.3000e0040.0454 143.8840 143.8840 3.8300e0033.7000e003145.0818 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 17 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 864 of 1828 ends

3.6 Paving - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Off-Road 0.8802 8.6098 11.6840 0.0179 0.4338 0.4338 0.4003 0.4003 0.0000 1,709.992 6 1,709.992
6 0.5420 1,723.541
4 Paving 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.8802 8.6098 11.6840 0.0179 0.4338 0.4338 0.4003 0.4003 0.0000 1,709.992 6 1,709.992
6 0.5420 1,723.541
4 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0516 0.0370 0.4996 1.4100e0030.1677 1.0100e0030.1687 0.0445 9.3000e0040.0454 143.8840 143.8840 3.8300e0033.7000e003145.0818 Total 0.0516 0.0370 0.4996 1.4100e0030.1677 1.0100e0030.1687 0.0445 9.3000e0040.0454 143.8840 143.8840 3.8300e0033.7000e003145.0818 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 18 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

Page 865 of 1828 ends

3.7 Architectural Coating - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 51.2830 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1917 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e0030.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 Total 51.4747 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e0030.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0172 0.0123 0.1665 4.7000e0040.0559 3.4000e0040.0562 0.0148 3.1000e0040.0151 47.9613 47.9613 1.2800e0031.2300e00348.3606 Total 0.0172 0.0123 0.1665 4.7000e0040.0559 3.4000e0040.0562 0.0148 3.1000e0040.0151 47.9613 47.9613 1.2800e0031.2300e00348.3606 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 19 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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3.7 Architectural Coating - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Archit. Coating 51.2830 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 0.1917 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e0030.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 Total 51.4747 1.3030 1.8111 2.9700e0030.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0708 0.0000 281.4481 281.4481 0.0168 281.8690 Mitigated Construction On-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 0.0172 0.0123 0.1665 4.7000e0040.0559 3.4000e0040.0562 0.0148 3.1000e0040.0151 47.9613 47.9613 1.2800e0031.2300e00348.3606 Total 0.0172 0.0123 0.1665 4.7000e0040.0559 3.4000e0040.0562 0.0148 3.1000e0040.0151 47.9613 47.9613 1.2800e0031.2300e00348.3606 Mitigated Construction Off-Site
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4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile

4.2 Trip Summary Information

4.4 Fleet Mix
Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH Manufacturing 0.546774 0.061880 0.186704 0.127505 0.022909 0.005912 0.010702 0.008032 0.000940 0.000617 0.023937 0.000692 0.003397 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 21 of 26 Date: 2/11/2022 2:56 PM Covina Public Storage Project - Existing Land Use - Los Angeles-South Coast County, Winter EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied

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5.0 Energy Detail
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category lb/day lb/day
NaturalGas
Mitigated

0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 NaturalGas
Unmitigated

0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497

5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr lb/day lb/day
Manufacturing 2722.1 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Total 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Unmitigated

5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy
Historical Energy Use: N
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6.1 Mitigation Measures Area

5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr lb/day lb/day
Manufacturing 2.7221 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Total 0.0294 0.2669 0.2242 1.6000e0030.0203 0.0203 0.0203 0.0203 320.2466 320.2466 6.1400e0035.8700e003322.1497 Mitigated
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0.1405 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Consumer
Products

1.0954 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Landscaping 5.3000e0045.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Total 1.2364 5.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Unmitigated
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7.1 Mitigation Measures Water

7.0 Water Detail

0.1405 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Consumer
Products

1.0954 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Landscaping 5.3000e0045.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Total 1.2364 5.0000e0055.6600e0030.0000 2.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0052.0000e0050.0121 0.0121 3.0000e0050.0129 Mitigated
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11.0 Vegetation

8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste

8.0 Waste Detail

9.0 Operational Offroad
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type

10.0 Stationary Equipment
Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type Boilers
Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Fuel Type User Defined Equipment
Equipment Type Number
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Appendix B
Cultural Resources Assessment
Report

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STATEMENT OF CONFIDENTIALITY
This report contains confidential cultural resources location information and distribution of this report is restricted. Cultural resources are nonrenewable, and their scientific, cultural, and aesthetic values can be significantly impaired by disturbance. To deter vandalism, artifact hunting, and other activities that can damage cultural resources, the locations of cultural resources are confidential. The legal authority to restrict cultural resources information is in subdivision (r) of Section 6254 and Section 6254.10 of the California Government Code, subdivision (d) of Section 15120 of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations, Section 304 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and Section 9 of the Archaeological Resources Protection Act.

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City of Covina Public Storage Project i ESA / D202100759.02 Cultural Resources Assessment Report March 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS
City of Covina Public Storage Project -
Cultural Resources Assessment Report
Page
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... ES-1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 Project Location ................................................................................................................ 1 Setting ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Prehistoric Setting ............................................................................................................ 5 Historic Setting ................................................................................................................. 7 Regulatory Framework ............................................................................................................ 9 State ................................................................................................................................. 9 Local ............................................................................................................................... 14 Archival Research ................................................................................................................. 15 SCCIC Records Search ................................................................................................. 15 Sacred Lands File Search .............................................................................................. 16 Historic Maps and Aerial Photographs ........................................................................... 16 Archaeological Sensitivity Assessment .......................................................................... 17 Archaeological Resources Survey ...................................................................................... 18 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 18 References .............................................................................................................................. 20 Appendices
A. Personnel
B. Sacred Lands File Search
List of Figures
Figure 1 Regional Location Map .............................................................................................. 2 Figure 2 Local Vicinity Map ...................................................................................................... 3 Figure 3 Project Location ......................................................................................................... 4

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City of Covina Public Storage Project ES-1 ESA / D202100759.02 Cultural Resources Assessment Report March 2022

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
City of Covina Public Storage Project –
Cultural Resources Assessment Report
Environmental Science Associates (ESA) has been retained by the City of Covina (City) to conduct a cultural resources assessment for the City of Covina Public Storage Project (Project).

The Project proposes the development of a 141,984 square foot 3-story public self-storage building within a 2.70-acre site (Project Site). The City is the lead agency pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

A records search was conducted on December 3, 2021 by staff from the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC). The records search results indicate that one California Historical Landmark (CHL 963/P-19- 187085/The Mojave Road) has been previously recorded within a 0.50-mile radius of the Project Site. However, no archaeological resources have been previously recorded within the Project Site or 0.50-mile radius.

The California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) conducted a Sacred Lands File (SLF) search on January 27, 2022, yielding positive results. The letter did not provide details on the resources identified within the Project Site, but recommended that the Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation be contacted for additional information.

A desktop analysis was undertaken to assess the potential for the presence of subsurface archaeological resources within the Project Site. The review indicates the Project Site has been subject to a number of past disturbances as reflected by identification of fill material underlying the Project Site to a depth of 6 feet below ground surface. The fill material, which represents a disturbed stratum with no archaeological sensitivity is underlain by what appears to be the natural alluvium, which may have some sensitivity. Therefore, Project-related ground disturbing activities, which would extend to a maximum depth of 10 feet bgs, have no potential to encounter intact archaeological deposits to a depth of 6 feet bgs, and low to moderate sensitivity for excavations exceeding 6 feet
As the Project Site is fully developed and lacks ground surface visibility, a pedestrian survey was not conducted.

No cultural resources were identified within or immediately adjacent to the Project Site as a result of the archival research. Further, the archaeological sensitivity assessment indicates Projectrelated ground disturbing activities from surface down to 6 feet bgs have no potential for encountering intact archaeological deposits (based on the previous disturbances in the Project

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Executive Summary
City of Covina Public Storage Project ES-2 ESA / D202100759.02 Cultural Resources Assessment Report March 2022
Site), and the likelihood for encountering intact archaeological deposits below 6 feet bgs is low to moderate. Given that there is some potential, albeit low to moderate, for encountering intact subsurface archaeological deposits below depths of 6 feet bgs, Project-related ground disturbance could encounter subsurface archaeological deposits they may qualify as historical resources or unique archaeological resources pursuant to CEQA. Should subsurface archaeological deposits that qualify as historical resources or unique archaeological resources be encountered during Project implementation, they may be subject to significant impacts. As such, the recommended mitigation measures for the retention of a qualified archaeologist, cultural resources sensitivity training, and inadvertent discovery protocols are in the Conclusions and Recommendations section at the close of this report.

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CITY OF COVINA PUBLIC STORAGE

PROJECT
Cultural Resources Assessment Report
Introduction
Environmental Science Associates (ESA) has been retained by the City of Covina (City) to conduct a cultural resources assessment for the City of Covina Public Storage Project (Project) in support of an environmental document being prepared pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The Project proposes the development of a 141,984 square foot (sf) 3-story public self-storage building within a 2.70-acre site (Project Site). The City is the lead agency pursuant to the CEQA.

ESA personnel involved in the preparation of this report are as follows: Monica Strauss, M.A., RPA., project director; Candace Ehringer, M.A., RPA, Principal Investigator; Fatima Clark, B.A, report author; and Stephan Geissler, GIS specialist. Resumes of key personnel are included in Appendix A.

Project Location
The 2.70-acre Project Site is located at 1330 East Cypress Street (Assessor Parcel Number 8427- 001-006) within the northeastern portion of the City in Los Angeles County, California (Figure 1). The Project Site is bounded by East Cypress Street to the north, the Southern Pacific Railroad to the south, and commercial uses to the east and west (Figure 2). The Project Site is situated within Section 33 of Township 1 North, Range 9 West on the San Dimas, CA U.S.

Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle (Figure 3).

Project Description
The Project Site is currently improved with an approximately 189,312 sf two-story commercial building occupied by “TT Electronics Power Solutions” which is used for electronics manufacturing. The remainder of the Project Site consists of asphalt-paved surface parking lots along the northern, eastern, and western portions of the Project Site.

The Project proposes the development of a 141,984 sf, 3-story public self-storage building (up to 30 feet,7 inches in height). Project components would include a partial basement, a rental office, a temporary monopole cell tower, associated secured surface parking areas, pedestrian walkways, and landscaping. Project implementation would require the removal of 16 trees. Per the City’s Design Guidelines, one tree per 500 sf of landscaped area is required, resulting in 20 required trees. Ground disturbance associated with the Project will reach a maximum depth of 10 feet below ground surface (bgs).

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Alhambra
Monterey
Park
Altadena
asadena
Lakewood
Downey
2 2
Angeles
National Forest
Singing
Springs
60 39
210
2 210
San Gabriel
Wilderness Area
Monrovia
Wilderness
Preserve
Walnut City
Parkland
Vincent
Baldwin Park
Arcadia Glendora
Montebello
Rosemead Covina
Azusa
San Gabriel
El Monte West Covina
57 91
91 19
60 Firestone Boy
Scout
Reservation
Cerritos
Whittier
Buena Park
Bellflower Yorba Linda
Norwalk
Fullerton
Anaheim
Wrightwood
60 210
Upland
Montclair
Claremont
La Verne
Ontario
Pomona
83 91
Chino Hills State
Park
Chino Hills
Chino
Path: U:\GIS\GIS\Projects\2021xxx\D202100759_02_Covina_Public_Self_Storage\03_MXDs_Projects\PD.aprx, sgeissler 1/27/2022 SOURCE: ESRI
N
0 4
Miles
Ø
Project Area
Figure 1
Regional Location Map
City of Covina Public Storage Project
Project
Location

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E Covina Blvd Charter Oak N Damato Dr
N Jenifer Ave
E Wingate St
N Ivescrest Ave
N Bender Ave
E Colver Pl
E Edna Pl
N Glendora Ave
E Cypress St
Kahler Russell
Park
E Covina Blvd
St. Louise D
Marillac
Elementar
School
Charter Oak
High School
Charter Oak Creek
Southern Pacific RR
E Retford St
E Farland St
N Rimhurst Ave
E Colver Pl
N Banna Ave
N Mangrove Ave
E Cypress St
Sonrise
Christian
Charter Oak
High School
Path: U:\GIS\GIS\Projects\2021xxx\D202100759_02_Covina_Public_Self_Storage\03_MXDs_Projects\PD.aprx, sgeissler 1/27/2022 N
SOURCE: Mapbox, 2021 City of Covina Public Storage Project Figure 2
Local Vicinity Map
0 500
Feet
Project Site

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Path: U:\GIS\GIS\Projects\2021xxx\D202100759_02_Covina_Public_Self_Storage\03_MXDs_Projects\Cultural.aprx, sgeissler 12/2/2021 N
SOURCE: USGS Topoquads: Baldwin Park, San Dimas City of Covina Public Storage Project Figure 3
Project Location
0 2,000
Feet
Project Site

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Cultural Resources Assessment Report
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Setting
Prehistoric Setting
Based on recent research in the region (Douglass et al., 2016), the following prehistoric chronology has been divided into four general time periods: the Paleocoastal Period (12,000 to 8,500 Before Present [B.P.]), the Millingstone Period (8,500 to 3,000 B.P.), the Intermediate Period (3,000 to 1,000 B.P.), and the Late Period (1,000 B.P. to A.D. 1542). This chronology is manifested in the archaeological record by particular artifacts and burial practices that indicate specific technologies, economic systems, trade networks, and other aspects of culture.

Paleocoastal Period (12,000–8,500 B.P.)
While it is not certain when humans first came to California, their presence in Southern California by about 11,000 B.P. has been well documented. At Daisy Cave, on San Miguel Island, cultural remains have been radiocarbon dated to between 11,100 and 10,950 B.P. Radiocarbon dates from the Arlington Springs Woman site on Santa Rosa Island indicate a human presence in the region by about 13,000 years B.P. (Glassow et al. 2007). On the southern Channel Island of San Clemente, site SCLI-43 (Eel Point) revealed evidence of boat technology dating to around 8,000 B.P. (Cassidy et al. 2004). During this time period, the climate of Southern California became warmer and more arid and the human population, residing mainly in coastal or inland desert areas, began exploiting a wider range of plant and animal resources (Byrd and Raab, 2007).

Millingstone Period (8,500–3,000 B.P.)
This time period, known as the Millingstone Period due to the appearance of ground stone implements, is characterized by regional differentiation and adaptation to local conditions and the intensified use of ground stone (Wallace 1955). During this time period, there is evidence for the processing of acorns for food and a shift toward a more generalized economy. Millingstone cultures were characterized by the collection and processing of plant foods, particularly acorns, and the hunting of a wider variety of game animals (Byrd and Raab, 2007; Wallace, 1955).

Millingstone cultures also established more permanent settlements that were located primarily on the coast and in the vicinity of estuaries, lagoons, lakes, streams, and marshes where a variety of resources, including seeds, fish, shellfish, small mammals, and birds, were exploited. Early Millingstone occupations are typically identified by the presence of handstones (manos) and millingstones (metates), while those Millingstone occupations dating later than 5,000 B.P. contain a mortar and pestle complex as well, signifying the exploitation of acorns in the region (Vellanoweth and Altschul 2002). Cogged stones (cog-shaped stones) and disocidals (stone discs) are also indicative of the Millingstone Period.

Intermediate Period (3,000–1,000 B.P.)
During this time period, many aspects of Millingstone culture persisted, but a number of socioeconomic changes occurred (Erlandson, 1994; Wallace 1955; Warren, 1968). The indigenous populations of Southern California were becoming less mobile and began to gather in small sedentary villages with satellite resource-gathering camps. Increasing population size necessitated the intensified use of existing terrestrial and marine resources (Erlandson, 1994).

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Evidence indicates that the overexploitation of larger, high-ranked food resources may have led to a shift in subsistence, towards a focus on acquiring greater amounts of smaller resources, such as shellfish and small-seeded plants (Byrd and Raab, 2007). This period is characterized by increased labor specialization, expanded trading networks for both utilitarian and non-utilitarian materials, and extensive travel routes. Trade increased dramatically during this period, with asphaltum (tar), seashells, and steatite being traded from Southern California to the Great Basin.

Use of the bow and arrow spread to the coast around 1,500 B.P, largely replacing the dart and atlatl (Homburg et al., 2014). Increasing population densities, with ensuing territoriality and resource intensification, may have given rise to increased disease and violence between 3,300 and 1,650 B.P. (Raab et al. 1995).

The Intermediate Period is characterized by a lack of manos, metates, and core tools, an increase in the use of mortars and pestles, and the introduction of stone-lined earthen ovens. There is a wider variety and increased numbers of projectile points, and flexed burials are common (Douglass et al., 2016).

In the Project vicinity, the population density increased, possibly as a result of the migration of eastern desert Takic peoples into the Los Angeles Basin, which is postulated to have begun by the end of the late Millingstone period and to have continued into the late Intermediate period. The Takic incursion resulted in the introduction of new material culture and mortuary practices, and an increase in genetic variation, population, number of sites, and focus on terrestrial resources.

Other important local developments during this time period include organized site structure with designated areas for different types of activities, and the rise of the mourning ceremony with the ritual destruction and burial of ground stone and the deceased’s personal possessions (Douglass et al., 2016).

Late Period (1,000 B.P.–A.D. 1542)
The Late Period is associated with the florescence of the Gabrielino (Gabrieleño, Tongva, or Kizh), who are estimated to have had a population numbering around 5,000 in the pre-contact period. The Gabrielino occupied what is presently Los Angeles County and northern Orange County, along with the southern Channel Islands, including Santa Catalina, San Nicholas, and San Clemente (Kroeber, 1925). This period saw the development of elaborate trade networks and use of shell-bead currency. Fishing became an increasingly significant part of subsistence strategies at this time, and investment in fishing technologies, including the plank canoe, are reflected in the archaeological record (Erlandson, 1994; Raab et al., 1995). Settlement at this time is believed to have consisted of dispersed family groups that revolved around a relatively limited number of permanent village settlements that were located centrally with respect to a variety of resources (Koerper et al., 2002).

Ethnographic Setting
The City is located within Gabrielino (Gabrieleño, Tongva, or Kizh) territory. According to Bean and Smith (1978), the Gabrielino, with the exception of the Chumash to the north, “were the wealthiest, most populous, and most powerful ethnic nationality in aboriginal Southern California.” Named after the San Gabriel Mission, the Gabrielino occupied sections of Los

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Angeles, Orange, and San Bernardino counties, and the islands of San Nicolas, Santa Catalina, and San Clemente. The Gabrielino subsisted on a variety of resources in several ecological zones.

Acorns, sage, and yucca were gathered throughout the inland areas whereas shellfish, fish, as well as a variety of plants and animals were exploited within the marshes and along the coast. Deer and various kinds of small mammals were hunted on an opportunistic basis. Their material culture reflected the subsistence technology. Lithic tools such as arrow points and modified flakes were used to hunt and process animals. A variety of ground stone grinding implements, such as the mortar, pestle, mano, and metate, were used to process both plant and animal remains for food (Bean and Smith, 1978).

The settlement patterns of the Gabrielino, and other nearby groups such as the Juaneño and Luiseño, were similar and they often interacted through marriage, trade and warfare. The seasonal availability of water and floral and faunal resources dictated seasonal migration rounds with more permanent villages and base camps being occupied primarily during winter and spring months. In the summer months, the village populations divided into smaller units that occupied seasonal food procurement areas. The more permanent settlements tended to be near major waterways and food sources and various secular and sacred activities, such as food production and storage and tool manufacturing, were conducted at these areas (Bean and Smith, 1978).

McCawley’s (1996) map titled Gabrielino Communities Located within the San Gabriel Valley depicts the village of Weniinga as located within the City’s limits and north of the San Jose Hills McCawley (1996) states that an informant by the name of José Zalvidea reported the village of Weniinga as ‘“one of the place[s] where metates, etc., or anything está tirado [is discarded] as about an Indian camp.”’ (McCawley 1996:45). Johnston (1962) also shows that the village of Weniinga is located approximately 1.5 miles south of the Project Site and near a tributary (present day Walnut Creek) of the San Gabriel River.

Historic Setting
Spanish Period (1769-1821)
The first European exploration of the area began in 1542 when Spanish explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo arrived by sea during his navigation of the California coast. Sebastian Vizcaino arrived in 1602 during his expedition to explore and map the western coast that Cabrillo visited 60 years earlier. In 1769, the Gaspar de Portolá expedition passed through the region on its way from San Diego to the San Francisco Bay area (McCawley, 1996).

In the late 18th century, the Spanish began establishing missions in California and forcibly relocating and converting native peoples. Mission San Juan Capistrano, located approximately 42 miles southeast of the Project Site, was founded in 1776 to break the long journey from Mission San Diego to Mission San Gabriel (near Los Angeles). A large, ornate church was constructed at the mission between 1797 to 1806, but was destroyed only six years later in an earthquake and was not rebuilt (Hoover et al., 2002). Throughout California, the mission system took a toll on the native populations through disease and hard labor; by 1900, the Native Californian population had declined by over 90 percent (Cook, 1978). Native economies were disrupted, trade routes were interrupted, and native ways of life were significantly altered by the mission system.

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In an effort to promote Spanish settlement of Alta California, Spain granted several large land concessions from 1784 to 1821. At that time, Spain retained title to the land; individual ownership of lands in Alta California was not granted (State Lands Commission, 1982).

Mexican Period (1821-1846)
The Mexican Period began when Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821. Mexico continued to promote settlement of California with the issuance of land grants. In 1833, Mexico began the process of secularizing the missions, reclaiming the majority of mission lands and redistributing them as land grants. According to the terms of the Secularization Law of 1833 and Regulations of 1834, at least a portion of the lands would be returned to the Native populations, but this did not always occur (Milliken et al., 2009).

Many ranchos continued to be used for cattle grazing by settlers during the Mexican Period.

Hides and tallow from cattle became a major export for Californios (native Hispanic Californians), many of whom became wealthy and prominent members of society. The Californios led generally easy lives, leaving the hard work to vaqueros (Hispanic cowhands) and Indian laborers (Pitt, 1994; Starr, 2007).

American Period (1846 to present)
In 1846, the Mexican-American War broke out. Mexican forces were eventually defeated in 1847 and Mexico ceded California to the United States as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo in 1848. California officially became one of the United States in 1850. While the treaty recognized the right of Mexican citizens to retain ownership of land granted to them by Spanish or Mexican authorities, the claimant was required to prove their right to the land before a patent was given.

The process was lengthy and generally resulted in the claimant losing at least a portion of their land to attorney’s fees and other costs associated with proving ownership (Starr, 2007).

When the discovery of gold in northern California was announced in 1848, a huge influx of people from other parts of North America flooded into California. The increased population provided an additional outlet for the Californios’ cattle. As demand increased, the price of beef skyrocketed and Californios reaped the benefits. However, a devastating flood in 1861, followed by droughts in 1862 and 1864, led to a rapid decline of the cattle industry, with over 70 percent of cattle perishing (McWilliams, 1946; Dinkelspiel, 2008). This event, coupled with the burden of proving ownership of their lands, caused many Californios to lose their lands (McWilliams, 1946).

The first transcontinental railroad, the Southern Pacific Railroad, was completed in 1869, connecting San Francisco with the eastern United States. Newcomers poured into northern California and Southern California experienced a trickle-down effect as many of these newcomers made their way south. The line was extended from San Francisco to Los Angeles in 1876. The second transcontinental line, the Santa Fe, was completed in 1886 and caused a fare war, driving fares to an unprecedented low. Settlers flooded into the region and the demand for real estate skyrocketed, and many former ranchos were subdivided and sold for agriculture and residential settlement (Meyer, 1981; McWilliams, 1946). Originally part of Los Angeles County.

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Orange County was established in 1889, with the City of Santa Ana as County Seat (Armor, 1921).

City of Covina
The City of Covina had its early beginnings as a coffee plantation in Rancho La Puente. The land was purchased from the Mexican government by John Rowland, and later shared with his partner William Workman. Upon Rowland’s death, his widow (Charlotte) sold 5,500 acres to Julian and Antonio Badillo. Two thousand acres of the Badillo land were later sold to Joseph Swift Phillips, who subdivided the land to create the town of Covina. In 1885, Phillips opened his tract. After the Civil War, more people began to arrive to the East San Gabriel Valley (Town Square Publications 2022). Some purchased land from Phillips or Henry Dalton. These early pioneers worked vigorously to clear the land from cacti, giant sunflowers and caster beans in order to build a farming community. Phillips brought water to his tract by constructing a ditch from San Gabriel Canyon to the City. Daniel Houser, inventor of the combined harvester, assisted with paying for the ditch (Town Square Publications 2022).

In 1895, the Southern Pacific Railroad (SPRR) arrived at the City and an opera house was built across from the depot (Town Square Publications 2022). By 1901, the City was flourishing due to the success of the citrus industry. New buildings including banks, stores and restaurants were built along Citrus Avenue. The Covina Electric Light Company also started service in 1901. On August 3, 1901 Covina (after voters petitioned the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for incorporation) became a City. Prior to 1900, the Covina Country Club (at Second Avenue and San Bernardino Road) located approximately 1.6 miles northwest of the Project Site, functioned as an unofficial Chamber of Commerce where community leaders, exchanged news, ideas and worked on community projects. “After several unsuccessful attempts to start a Chamber of Commerce, the doors were opened in 1909 to a new Chamber office on Citrus. After World War I, the Chamber of Commerce was re-organized to include farmers and business members” (Town Square Publications 2022).

After World War II, the citrus industry faded due to a virus that attached to the trees causing them to die quickly. Some growers lost large portions of their groves, or were faced with pressure from contractors to sell their land for residential subdivisions. Yet others had to pay residential taxes on their farmland, as there was no green belt zoning. Due to the variables, eventually all of the citrus industry diminished in Covina. Throughout the years, the economy of the East San Gabriel Valley became more urbanized. Today, the City focuses in retail, manufacturing and high-tech industries (Town Square Publications 2022).

Regulatory Framework
State
California Environmental Quality Act
CEQA is the principal statute governing environmental review of projects occurring in the state and is codified at Public Resources Code (PRC) Section 21000 et seq. CEQA requires lead agencies to determine if a proposed project would have a significant effect on the environment,

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including significant effects on historical or unique archaeological resources. Under CEQA (Section 21084.1), a project that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment.

The CEQA Guidelines (Title 14 California Code of Regulations [CCR] Section 15064.5) recognize that historical resources include: (1) a resource listed in, or determined to be eligible by the State Historical Resources Commission, for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (California Register); (2) a resource included in a local register of historical resources, as defined in PRC Section 5020.1(k) or identified as significant in a historical resource survey meeting the requirements of PRC Section 5024.1(g); and (3) any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which a lead agency determines to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California by the lead agency, provided the lead agency’s determination is supported by substantial evidence in light of the whole record. The fact that a resource does not meet the three criteria outlined above does not preclude the lead agency from determining that the resource may be an historical resource as defined in PRC Sections 5020.1(j) or 5024.1.

If a lead agency determines that an archaeological site is a historical resource, the provisions of Section 21084.1 of CEQA and Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines apply. If an archaeological site does not meet the criteria for a historical resource contained in the CEQA Guidelines, then the site may be treated in accordance with the provisions of Section 21083, which is as a unique archaeological resource. As defined in Section 21083.2 of CEQA a “unique” archaeological resource is an archaeological artifact, object, or site, about which it can be clearly demonstrated that without merely adding to the current body of knowledge, there is a high probability that it meets any of the following criteria:
 Contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions and there is a demonstrable public interest in that information;
 Has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest of its type or the best available example of its type; or,
 Is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or person.

If an archaeological site meets the criteria for a unique archaeological resource as defined in Section 21083.2, then the site is to be treated in accordance with the provisions of Section 21083.2, which state that if the lead agency determines that a project would have a significant effect on unique archaeological resources, the lead agency may require reasonable efforts be made to permit any or all of these resources to be preserved in place (Section 21083.1(a)). If preservation in place is not feasible, mitigation measures shall be required. The CEQA Guidelines note that if an archaeological resource is neither a unique archaeological nor a historical resource, the effects of the project on those resources shall not be considered a significant effect on the environment (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(c)(4)).

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A significant effect under CEQA would occur if a project results in a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource as defined in CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(a).

Substantial adverse change is defined as “physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of a historical resource would be materially impaired” (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(b)(1)). According to CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(b)(2), the significance of a historical resource is materially impaired when a project demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics that:

A. Convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for, inclusion in the California Register; or
B. Account for its inclusion in a local register of historical resources pursuant to section 5020.1(k) of the Public Resources Code or its identification in a historical resources survey meeting the requirements of section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resources Code, unless the public agency reviewing the effects of the project establishes by a preponderance of evidence that the resource is not historically or culturally significant; or C. Convey its historical significance and that justify its eligibility for inclusion in the California Register as determined by a Lead Agency for purposes of CEQA.

In general, a project that complies with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, and Reconstructing Historic Buildings (Standards) (Grimmer, 2017) is considered to have mitigated its impacts to historical resources to a less-than-significant level (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.5(b)(3)).

California Register of Historical Resources
The California Register is “an authoritative listing and guide to be used by State and local agencies, private groups, and citizens in identifying the existing historical resources of the State and to indicate which resources deserve to be protected, to the extent prudent and feasible, from substantial adverse change” (PRC Section 5024.1[a]). The criteria for eligibility for the California Register are based upon National Register criteria (PRC Section 5024.1[b]). Certain resources are determined by the statute to be automatically included in the California Register, including California properties formally determined eligible for, or listed in, the National Register.

To be eligible for the California Register, a prehistoric or historic-period property must be significant at the local, state, and/or federal level under one or more of the following four criteria:

1. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage;

2. Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past;

3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values; or

4. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

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A resource eligible for the California Register must meet one of the criteria of significance described above, and retain enough of its historic character or appearance (integrity) to be recognizable as a historical resource and to convey the reason for its significance. It is possible that a historic resource may not retain sufficient integrity to meet the criteria for listing in the National Register, but it may still be eligible for listing in the California Register.

Additionally, the California Register consists of resources that are listed automatically and those that must be nominated through an application and public hearing process. The California Register automatically includes the following:
 California properties listed on the National Register and those formally determined eligible for the National Register;
 California Registered Historical Landmarks from No. 770 onward; and,  Those California Points of Historical Interest that have been evaluated by the OHP and have been recommended to the State Historical Commission for inclusion on the California Register.

Other resources that may be nominated to the California Register include:
 Historical resources with a significance rating of Category 3 through 5 (those properties identified as eligible for listing in the National Register, the California Register, and/or a local jurisdiction register);
 Individual historical resources;
 Historical resources contributing to historic districts; and,  Historical resources designated or listed as local landmarks, or designated under any local ordinance, such as an historic preservation overlay zone.

California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5
California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 requires that in the event human remains are discovered, the County Coroner be contacted to determine the nature of the remains. In the event the remains are determined to be Native American in origin, the Coroner is required to contact the NAHC within 24 hours to relinquish jurisdiction.

California Public Resources Code Section 5097.98
California PRC Section 5097.98, as amended, provides procedures in the event human remains of Native American origin are discovered during project implementation. PRC Section 5097.98 requires that no further disturbances occur in the immediate vicinity of the discovery, that the discovery is adequately protected according to generally accepted cultural and archaeological standards, and that further activities take into account the possibility of multiple burials. PRC Section 5097.98 further requires the NAHC, upon notification by a County Coroner, designate and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD) regarding the discovery of Native American human remains. The MLD has 48 hours from the time of being granted access to the site by the landowner to inspect the discovery and provide recommendations to the landowner for the treatment of the human remains and any associated grave goods.

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In the event that no descendant is identified, or the descendant fails to make a recommendation for disposition, or if the land owner rejects the recommendation of the descendant, the landowner may, with appropriate dignity, reinter the remains and burial items on the property in a location that will not be subject to further disturbance.

California Government Code Sections 6254(r) and 6254.10 These sections of the California Public Records Act were enacted to protect archaeological sites from unauthorized excavation, looting, or vandalism. Section 6254(r) explicitly authorizes public agencies to withhold information from the public relating to “Native American graves, cemeteries, and sacred places maintained by the Native American Heritage Commission.” Section 6254.10 specifically exempts from disclosure requests for “records that relate to archaeological site information and reports, maintained by, or in the possession of the Department of Parks and Recreation, the State Historical Resources Commission, the State Lands Commission, the Native American Heritage Commission, another state agency, or a local agency, including the records that the agency obtains through a consultation process between a Native American tribe and a state or local agency.”
Assembly Bill 52 and Related Public Resources Code Sections Assembly Bill (AB) 52 was approved by California State Governor Edmund Gerry “Jerry” Brown, Jr. on September 25, 2014. The act amended California PRC Section 5097.94, and added PRC Sections 21073, 21074, 21080.3.1, 21080.3.2, 21082.3, 21083.09, 21084.2, and 21084.3.

AB 52 applies specifically to projects for which a Notice of Preparation (NOP) or a Notice of Intent to Adopt a Negative Declaration or Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) will be filed on or after July 1, 2015. The primary intent of AB 52 was to include California Native American Tribes early in the environmental review process and to establish a new category of resources related to Native Americans that require consideration under CEQA, known as tribal cultural resources. PRC Section 21074(a)(1) and (2) defines tribal cultural resources as “sites, features, places, cultural landscapes, sacred places, and objects with cultural value to a California Native American Tribe” that are either included or determined to be eligible for inclusion in the California Register or included in a local register of historical resources, or a resource that is determined to be a tribal cultural resource by a lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence. On July 30, 2016, the California Natural Resources Agency adopted the final text for tribal cultural resources update to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, which was approved by the Office of Administrative Law on September 27, 2016.

PRC Section 21080.3.1 requires that within 14 days of a lead agency determining that an application for a project is complete, or a decision by a public agency to undertake a project, the lead agency provide formal notification to the designated contact, or a tribal representative, of California Native American Tribes that are traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographic area of the project (as defined in PRC Section 21073) and who have requested in writing to be informed by the lead agency (PRC Section 21080.3.1(b)). Tribes interested in consultation must respond in writing within 30 days from receipt of the lead agency’s formal notification and the lead agency must begin consultation within 30 days of receiving the tribe’s request for consultation (PRC Sections 21080.3.1(d) and 21080.3.1(e)).

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PRC Section 21080.3.2(a) identifies the following as potential consultation discussion topics: the type of environmental review necessary; the significance of tribal cultural resources; the significance of the project’s impacts on the tribal cultural resources; project alternatives or appropriate measures for preservation; and mitigation measures. Consultation is considered concluded when either: (1) the parties agree to measures to mitigate or avoid a significant effect, if a significant effect exists, on a tribal cultural resource; or (2) a party, acting in good faith and after reasonable effort, concludes that mutual agreement cannot be reached (PRC Section 21080.3.2(b)).

If a California Native American tribe has requested consultation pursuant to Section 21080.3.1 and has failed to provide comments to the lead agency, or otherwise failed to engage in the consultation process, or if the lead agency has complied with Section 21080.3.1(d) and the California Native American tribe has failed to request consultation within 30 days, the lead agency may certify an EIR or adopt an MND (PRC Section 21082.3(d)(2) and (3)).

PRC Section 21082.3(c)(1) states that any information, including, but not limited to, the location, description, and use of the tribal cultural resources, that is submitted by a California Native American tribe during the environmental review process shall not be included in the environmental document or otherwise disclosed by the lead agency or any other public agency to the public without the prior consent of the tribe that provided the information. If the lead agency publishes any information submitted by a California Native American tribe during the consultation or environmental review process, that information shall be published in a confidential appendix to the environmental document unless the tribe that provided the information consents, in writing, to the disclosure of some or all of the information to the public.

Local
Los Angeles County General Plan
The City does not include any goals or policies for the protection of archaeological resources.

However, the Conservation and Natural Resources Element (the Element) of the Los Angeles County General Plan indicates that “Historic, cultural, and paleontological resources are an important part of Los Angeles County’s identity” (Los Angeles County General Plan, 2015:163).

The Element provides the following goal and policies for the treatment of historic resources:

Goal C/NR 14: Protected historic, cultural, and paleontological resources.

Policy C/NR 14.1: Mitigate all impacts from new development on or adjacent to historic, cultural, and paleontological resources to the greatest extent feasible.

Policy C/NR 14.2: Support an inter-jurisdictional collaborative system that protects and enhances historic, cultural, and paleontological resources.

Policy C/NR 14.3: Support the preservation and rehabilitation of historic buildings.

Policy C/NR 14.5: Promote public awareness of historic, cultural, and paleontological resources.

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Policy C/NR 14.6: Ensure proper notification and recovery processes are carried out for development on or near historic, cultural, and paleontological resources.

Archival Research
SCCIC Records Search
A records search for the Project Site was conducted on December 3, 2021 by staff at the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) housed at California State University, Fullerton. The records search included a review of all recorded cultural resources and previous studies within the Project Site and a 0.50- mile radius. The Built Environment Resources Directory was also reviewed for resources within a one-block radius around the Project Site.

Previous Cultural Resources Investigations
The records search results indicate that four cultural resources studies have been conducted within a 0.50-mile radius of the Project Site. Less than 5 percent of the 0.50-mile records search radius has been included in previous cultural resources surveys. Of the four previous studies, one study (LA-5725) was conducted within the Project Site and one study (LA-10641) was conducted immediately adjacent and south of the Project Site. The two studies are described in detail in the following paragraphs.

LA-5725
Study LA-5725 consisted of a cultural resources assessment prepared pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act for the Cingular Wireless Facility No. Vy 095-01 Project, which proposed the installation of a telecommunications facility (panel antennas and microwave dishes) atop the existing building within the Project Site. The study determined the building is modern and that no historic properties exist within the Project Site (LSA Associates, Inc. 2001).

LA-10641
Study LA-10641 consisted of a preliminary historical/archaeological resources study for the Southern California Regional Rail Authority’s proposed San Bernardino Line Positive Train Control Project and included 56.2 miles of railroad right-of-way beginning at Los Angeles Union Station and extending eastward through the San Gabriel and San Bernardino valleys. The study included an SCCIC records search, historical background research, a field reconnaissance, and Native American coordination. No cultural resources were identified within the Project Site as a result of the study (Tang 2010).

Previously Recorded Cultural Resources
The records search results indicate that only one cultural resources, California Historical P-19- 187085 (The Mojave Road; California Historical Landmark 963) has been previously recorded within the 0.50-mile records search radius. No cultural resources have been previously recorded within or immediately adjacent to (within 100 feet of) the Project Site.

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Sacred Lands File Search
The California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) maintains a confidential Sacred Lands File (SLF) which contains sites of traditional, cultural, or religious value to the Native American community. The NAHC was contacted on December 3, 2021 to request a search of the SLF. The NAHC responded to the request in a letter dated January 27, 2022 indicating that the results were positive (Appendix B). The letter did not provide details on the resources identified within the Project Site, but recommended that the Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation be contacted for additional information.

Historic Maps and Aerial Photographs
Historic topographic maps and aerial photographs were examined to provide historical information about land uses of the Project Site and to contribute to an assessment of the Project Site’s archaeological sensitivity. Available topographic maps include the 1894 Pomona 15- minute quadrangle and the 1927 Covina 7.5-minute quadrangle (TopoViewer, 2021). Historic aerial photographs were acquired from the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment prepared for the Project and were available for the years 1928, 1938, 1948, 1952, 1960, 1964, 1972, 1980, 1988, 1995, 2002, 2005, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020 (Apex Companies, LLC, 2021), and 2022 (Bing Maps, 2022).

Review of the 1894 historic topographic map shows the Project Site as undeveloped; however, the Covina Branch of the SPRR is depicted immediately south and adjacent to the Project Site.

Additionally, several bodies of water are depicted in the Project Site’s vicinity, including the Covina Canal approximately 0.40 miles to the west, San Dimas Wash (a tributary of the San Gabriel River) approximately 0.80 miles to the north, Walnut Creek approximately 0.90 miles to the south, and the Azusa Canal approximately 1.15 miles to the west. The San Jose Hills are depicted approximately 1.15 miles to the south of the Project Site.

The 1927 historic topographic also shows the SPRR adjacent to the Project Site, as well as a small structure not depicted in the 1894 map located in the northwestern most portion of the Project Site. Moreover, an unnamed drainage is shown approximately 0.10 miles south of the Project Site. The structure depicted in the 1927 map is also depicted in the 1928, 1938, 1948, 1952 aerial photographs Aside from the structure, the photographs also show orchards within the Project Site and in its immediate vicinity. The 1960 aerial photograph shows the encroachment of urban development as the previously depicted orchards northwest and west have been replaced with suburban development. The 1964 and 1972 aerial photographs show the previously depicted structure and orchards within the Project Site are no longer present. The 1980 aerial photograph shows the eastern portion of the Project Site as undeveloped, while the western side is developed with a long rectangular building. The 1988, 1995, 2002, 2005, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022 aerial photographs depict the Project Site in its present condition, in that the existing buildings and a surface parking lot are present.

In sum, the historic aerial and photograph review indicates a structure and orchards were present within the Project Site from 1927 through the early 1960s. Starting in the early 1960s, the maps show the Project Site and its vicinity were subject to suburban development which began to

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replace the orchards. It is during this time that the structure and orchards depicted within the Project Site are no longer present. By the late 1980s the current buildings and parking lot within the Project Site are depicted.

Archaeological Sensitivity Assessment
A desktop analysis was undertaken to assess the potential for the presence of subsurface archaeological resources within the Project Site. Sources reviewed include the geologic map encompassing the Project Site, the Geotechnical Engineering Exploration and Analysis report (Geotechnical Report) prepared for the Project, and historic map and aerial review.

Geology
The greater Los Angeles area comprises a set of tectonically-bound basins, filled with very thick sequences of marine and terrestrial sediment (Yerkes et al., 1965). The uplifted mountain ranges surround these basins are composed of bedrock of various ages and supply the sediment to the valleys below. The rates of erosion and deposition are linked to tectonic uplift as well as climate patterns. The Project Site is located within what is known as the “Northeastern Block”, a depositional basin bounded on the north by the Sierra Madre and San Gabriel Mountains (Yerkes et al. 1965). Just south of the Project, the San Jose Hills rise as a folded anticline, dividing the valley. The Project Site itself is underlain by alluvium eroded off the San Jose Hills and the San Gabriel Mountains. Geologic mapping by Dibblee and Minch (2002) shows the alluvial influence with Holocene-age (11,700 years ago to present) Quaternary alluvium (map unit Qa) mapped at surface within the Project Site, and late Pleistocene-ages (126,000 to 11,700 years ago) Quaternary older alluvium (map unit Qoa) mapped approximately 0.20 miles southeast of the Project Site. Given the proximity of the Quaternary older alluvium to the Project Site it is presumed to underlie the younger Quaternary alluvium at an unknown depth. Both the late Pleistocene and Holocene eras encompass the entirety of human occupation with North America.

Geotechnical Report
The Geotechnical Report prepared for the Project included eight exploratory borings within the Project Site to a maximum depth of 36.5 feet below the ground surface (bgs) (Giles Engineering Associates, 2021). Beneath the paved surface of the Project Site, the geotechnical study identified “possible fill and fill soils” comprised of silty sand with gravel to a depth of 6 feet bgs followed by unlithified brown silty sand to sand, with some gravels and cobbles corresponding to the Quaternary alluvium.

Archaeological Sensitivity
The geologic map review depicts Quaternary alluvium mapped at surface within the Project Site.

The Holocene-age of this alluvium encompasses the entirety of human occupation with North American, and is, therefore, conducive to the preservation of subsurface prehistoric archaeological deposits. Moreover, several water sources located in the general vicinity of the Project Site would indicate a degree of sensitivity for the presence of prehistoric subsurface archaeological deposits.

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Similarly, the Project Site would have potential for historic-period archaeological deposits given that, from as early as 1927 through the early 1960s, it was the site of an orchard and with an associated structure, which may have been a residence. It is possible that there may be subsurface historic-period archaeological refuse deposits, such as privies, or foundation remnants representing the historic-period use of the Project Site.

Although there is potential for the presence of subsurface prehistoric and historic-period archaeological deposits, the Project Site has been subject to a number of previous disturbances as indicated by the historic map and aerial review. The establishment of the orchard during the 20th century would have required a high degree of ground disturbance associated with leveling the landform, as well as the planting of trees. Further, the multiple construction episodes beginning in the 1960s, which have resulted in the Project Site’s current setting as a paved and developed commercial area, would have also required a high degree of ground disturbances. These disturbances are reflected by the geotechnical study’s identification of fill material to a depth of 6 feet bgs. The fill material, which represents a disturbed stratum with no archaeological sensitivity is underlain by what appears to be the natural alluvium, which may have some sensitivity.

Therefore, Project-related ground disturbing activities, which would extend to a maximum depth of 10 feet bgs, have no potential to encounter intact archaeological deposits to a depth of 6 feet bgs, and low to moderate sensitivity for excavations exceeding 6 feet.

Archaeological Resources Survey
Given the developed nature of the Project Site and the lack of visible ground surface, an archaeological resources survey for the Project was not conducted Conclusions and Recommendations
No cultural resources were identified within or immediately adjacent to the Project Site as a result of the archival research. Further, the archaeological sensitivity assessment indicates Projectrelated ground disturbing activities from surface down to 6 feet bgs have no potential for encountering intact archaeological deposits (based on the previous disturbances in the Project Site), and the likelihood for encountering intact archaeological deposits below 6 feet bgs is low to moderate. Given that there is some potential, albeit low to moderate, for encountering intact subsurface archaeological deposits below depths of 6 feet bgs, Project-related ground disturbance could encounter subsurface archaeological deposits they may qualify as historical resources or unique archaeological resources pursuant to CEQA. Should subsurface archaeological deposits that qualify as historical resources or unique archaeological resources be encountered during Project implementation, they may be subject to significant impacts. As such, the following recommended mitigation measures for the retention of a qualified archaeologist, cultural resources sensitivity training, and inadvertent discovery protocols are provided below.

Mitigation Measure CUL-1: Prior to the start of ground-disturbing activities, the Applicant shall retain a qualified archaeologist meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for archaeology (U.S. Department of the Interior, 2012) to carry out the following measures.

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Mitigation Measure CUL-2: Prior to the start of ground-disturbing activities, construction personnel shall be trained in the identification of cultural resources. Prior to earth moving activities, the qualified archaeologist shall conduct cultural resources sensitivity training for all construction personnel. Construction personnel shall be informed of the types of archaeological resources that may be encountered, and of the proper procedures be to enacted in the event of an inadvertent discovery of archaeological resources or human remains. The Applicant shall ensure that construction personnel are made available for and attend the training and retain documentation demonstrating attendance
Mitigation Measure CUL-3: In the event of the unanticipated discovery of archaeological materials, the contractor shall immediately cease all work activities in the area (within approximately 100 feet) of the discovery until it can be evaluated by a qualified archaeologist. Prehistoric archaeological materials might include obsidian and chert flaked-stone tools (e.g., projectile points, knives, scrapers) or tool-making debris; culturally darkened soil (“midden”) containing heat-affected rocks, artifacts, or shellfish remains; and stone milling equipment (e.g., mortars, pestles, handstones, or milling slabs); and battered stone tools, such as hammerstones and pitted stones. Historic-period materials might include stone or concrete footings and walls; filled wells or privies; and deposits of metal, glass, and/or ceramic refuse. Construction shall not resume until the qualified archaeologist has conferred with the City on the significance of the resource.

If it is determined that the discovered archaeological resource constitutes a historical resource under CEQA, avoidance and preservation in place is the preferred manner of mitigation. Preservation in place maintains the important relationship between artifacts and their archaeological context and also serves to avoid conflict with traditional and religious values of groups who may ascribe meaning to the resource. Preservation in place may be accomplished by, but is not limited to, avoidance, incorporating the resource into open space, capping, or deeding the site into a permanent conservation easement. In the event that preservation in place is demonstrated to be infeasible and data recovery through excavation is the only feasible mitigation available, a Cultural Resources Treatment Plan shall be prepared and implemented by a qualified archaeologist in consultation with the City and Applicant that provides for the adequate recovery of the scientifically consequential information contained in the archaeological resource. The City shall consult with appropriate Native American representatives in determining treatment for prehistoric or Native American resources to ensure cultural values ascribed to the resource, beyond that which is scientifically important, are considered.

Mitigation Measure CUL-4: If human remains are encountered, the contractor shall halt work in the vicinity (within 100 feet) of the find and contact the Los Angeles County Coroner in accordance with PRC Section 5097.98 and Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5. If the County Coroner determines that the remains are Native American, the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) will be notified in accordance with Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5, subdivision (c), and PRC Section 5097.98 (as amended by Assembly Bill 2641). The NAHC will designate a Most Likely Descendent (MLD) for the remains per PRC Section 5097.98. Until the landowner has conferred with the MLD, the contractor shall ensure that the immediate vicinity where the discovery occurred is not disturbed by further activity, is adequately protected according to generally accepted cultural or archaeological standards or practices, and that further activities take into account the possibility of multiple burials.

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References
Apex Companies, LLC. 2021. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, 1330 East Cypress Street, Covina, California. Prepared by Apex Companies, LLC.

Armor, Samuel. 1921. History of Orange County, California: With Biographical Sketches of the Leading Men and Women of the County Who Have Been Identified With Its Earliest Growth and Development from the Early Days to the Present. Historic Record Co., Los Angeles, CA.

Bean, Lowell J., and Charles R. Smith. 1978. Gabrielino, in California, edited by R.F. Heizer, pp. 538-549 Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, W. C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Bing Maps. 2022. Historic aerial for the year 2022, https://www.bing.com/maps/. Accessed February 2022.

Byrd, Brian F., and Mark L. Raab. 2007. Prehistory of the Southern Bight: Models for a New Millennium. In California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity, edited by Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, pp 215-227.

Cassidy, Jim, L. Mark Raab, and Nina A. Kononenko. 2004. Boats, Bones, and Biface Bias: The Early Holocene Mariners of Eel Point, San Clemente Island, California. American Antiquity 69:109–130.

Cook, Sherburne F. 1978. “Historical Demography”, In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 91-98, Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, W. C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

City of Covina. n.d. History, A Strong City. https://covinaca.gov/community/page/history, accessed February 7, 2022.

Dibblee, T.W., and Minch, J.A. 2002. Geologic map of the San Dimas and Ontario quadrangles, Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, California. Dibblee Geological Foundation Map DF-91, scale 1: 24,000.

Dinkelspiel, Frances. 2008. Towers of Gold, St. Martin’s Press, New York, NY.

Douglass, John G., Seetha N. Reddy, Richard Ciolek-Torello, and Donn R. Grenda, editors. 2016.

People in a Changing Land: The Archaeology and History of the Ballona in Los Angeles, California, Statistical Research, Inc., Technical Series 94, Tucson, Arizona and Redlands, California.

Elder, S. J. 1989. Survey of California Registered Historical Landmarks form for the Mojave Road/CHL 963. On file at the South Central Coastal Information Center.

Erlandson, Jon M. 1994. Early Hunter-Gatherers of the California Coast, Plenum Press, New York.

Glassow, Michael A., Lynn H. Gamble, Jennifer E. Perry, and Glenn S. Russel. 2007. Prehistory of the Northern California Bight and the Adjacent Transverse Ranges. In California

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Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity, edited by Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, pp. 191-213. AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland.

Giles Engineering Associates, Inc. 2021. Geotechnical Engineering Exploration and Analysis Report. 1965 N Main Street, Orange, CA. Prepared by Giles Engineering Associates.

Grimmer, E. Anne. 2017. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring & Reconstructing Historic Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Services: Technical Preservation Services.

Homburg, Jeffrey A., John G. Douglass, and Seetha N. Reddy (editors). 2014. People in a Changing Land: The Archaeology and History of the Ballona in Los Angeles, California, Volume I - Paleoenvironment and Culture History, series edited by Donn R. Grenda, Richard Ciolek-Torello and Jeffrey H. Altschul. Statistical Research, Inc., Tucson.

Hoover, M. B., H. E. Rensch, E. G. Rensch, W. N. Abeloe. 2002. Historic Spots in California.

Revised by Douglas E. Kyle. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Jahns, R. H. 1954. Geology of the peninsular Range Province, Southern California and Baja California. p. 29-53 in: Jahns, R. H. (ed.) Geology of Southern California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 170.

Johnston, Bernice Eastman. 1962. California’s Gabrielino Indians. Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, California.

Koerper, Henry C., Roger D. Mason, and Mark L. Peterson. 2002. Complexity, Demography, and Change in Late Holocene Orange County. In Catalysts to Complexity: Late Holocene Societies of the California Coast, edited by Jon M. Erlandson and Terry L. Jones, pp. 63-

81. Perspectives in California Archaeology Volume 6. University of California, Los Angeles.

Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bulletins, No. 78, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

LSA Associates, Inc. 2001. Cultural Resource Assessment. Prepared by Curt Duke, LSA Associates, Inc. One Park Plaza, Suite 500, Irvine, CA. On file at the National Archaeological Data Base (NADB)
McCawley, William. 1996. The First Angelinos, The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles. A Malki Museum Press/Ballena Press Cooperative Publication.

McWilliams, Carey. 1949. Southern California: An Island on the Land, Gibbs Smith, Layton, UT.

Meyer, Jack, D. Craig Young, and Jeffrey S. Rosenthal. 2010. Volume I: A Geoarchaeological Overview and Assessment of Caltrans Districts 6 and 9. Cultural Resources Inventory of Caltrans District 6/9 Rural Conventional Highways, EA 06-0A7408 TEA Grant, prepared by Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Inc., Davis, California.

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Meyer, Larry L. 1981. Los Angeles, 1781-1981: A Special Bicentennial Issue of California History, Spring 1981, California Historical Society, Los Angeles, CA.

Milliken, Randall, Laurence H. Shoup, and Beverly R. Ortiz. 2009. Ohlone/Costanoan Indians of the San Francisco Peninsula and their Neighbors, Yesterday and Today, prepared by Archaeological and Historical Consultants, Oakland, California, prepared for National Park Service Golden Gate National Recreation Area, San Francisco, California, June 2009.

Pitt, Leonard. 1994. The Decline of the Californios: A Social History of the Spanish-speaking Californians, 1846-1890, University of California Press, Berkeley.

Porretta, Phil. n.d Application for Registration of Historical Landmark for the Mojave Road.

Form on file at the South Central Coastal Information Center.

Raab, L. Mark, Judith F. Porcasi, Katherine Bradford, and Andrew Yatsko. 1995. Debating Cultural Evolution: Regional Implications of Fishing Intensification at Eel Point, San Clement Island. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 31(2):3-27.

Starr, Kevin. 2007. California: A History, The Modern Library, New York, NY.

State Lands Commission. 1982. “Grants of Land in California Made by Spanish or Mexican Authorities”, www.slc.ca.gov/reports/grants_of_land/part_1.pdf, accessed February 8, 2012.

Tang, Bai “Tom”. 2010. Preliminary Historical/Archaeological Resources Study San Bernardino Line Positive Train Control Project. 800 North Alameda Street, Los Angeles, CA. Prepared by CRM TECH.

TopoViewer. 2021. 1894 and 1927 historic topographic maps covering the Project Site, https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/viewer/#15/34.0998/-117.8622; accessed on December 2021.

Town Square Publications. 2022. History of Covina. https://townsquarepublications.com/historyof-covina-ca/, accessed February 7, 2022.

Vellanoweth, René L., and Jeffrey H. Altschul. 2002. Antiquarians, Cultural Historians, and Scientists: The Archaeology of the Bight. In Islanders and Mainlanders: Prehistoric Context for the Southern California Bight, edited by Jeffrey H. Altschul and Donn R.

Grenda, pp. 85-111. SRI Press, Tucson.

Wallace, William J. 1955. A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11:214-230.

Warren, Claude N. 1968. Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast. In Archaic Prehistory in the Western United States, C. Irwin-Williams, ed, pp. 1-4. Eastern New Mexico University Contributions in Anthropology. Portales.

Yerkes, R. F., T. H. McCulloh, J. E. Schollhamer, and J. G. Vedder. 1965. Geology of the Los Angeles Basin – an introduction. Geological Survey Professional Paper 420-A.

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Appendix A
Personnel

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Monica Strauss, RPA
Director, Southern California
Cultural Resources Group
Monica has successfully completed dozens of cultural resources projects throughout California and the greater southwest, where she assists clients in navigating cultural resources compliance issues in the context of CEQA, NEPA, and Section рпх. Monica has extensive experience with archaeological resources, historic buildings and infrastructure, landscapes, and Tribal resources, including Traditional Cultural Properties. Monica manages a staff of cultural resources specialists throughout the region who conduct Phase р archaeological/ paleontological and historic architectural surveys, construction monitoring, Native American consultation, archaeological testing and treatment, historic resource significance evaluations, and large-scale data recovery programs. She maintains excellent relationships with agency staff and Tribal representatives.

Additionally, Monica manages a general compliance monitoring team who support clients and agencies in ensuring the daily in-field compliance of overall project mitigation measures.

Relevant Experience
County of Los Angeles, Department of Public Works, Rancho Los Amigos South Campus EIR, Downey. CA. Project Manager. The County of Los Angeles җCountyҘ proposes redevelopment of a portion of the Rancho Los Amigos җRLAҘ South Campus which is located in the City of Downey. The цу-acre RLA South Campus was the home of the ҂Los Angeles County Poor Farm҃ that was established in рччпs to provide room and board to indigent citizens in exchange for agricultural labor, then served as an infirmary and later evolved into a hospital facility in рштс. The RLA South Campus functioned as a major hospital complex from ршфх to the ршшпs, when it was abandoned. The RLA South Campus is currently unoccupied and has been designated as the RLA Historic District in the National Register of Historic Places. The County is proposing redevelopment of a ср-acre portion of the RLA South Campus with County uses, including a Sheriffҁs Station Crime Laboratory, Internal Services Department Headquarters, and Probation Department Headquarters. The project will include supporting parking and installation of utilities and other features on a site that has been abandoned for nearly тп years. Building demolition and/or repurposing or relocation of existing buildings will be required. ESA is leading the CEQA process on behalf of the County, including preparation of all technical studies in support of a full-scope EIR for the RLA South Campus Project. This includes a Historic District Evaluation, archaeological surveys, traffic, water supply, arborist services, and all other CEQArequired topics. ESA is also serving in an Executive Consultant role to the County, to advise on other potential future projects at the RLA Campus.

County of Los Angeles, Department of Public Works, Arroyo Seco Bike Path Phase I Cultural Resources Evaluation, Los Angeles, CA. Project Director.

Working for the County of Los Angeles, Department of Public Works in connection with a project to make improvements to the Arroyo Seco Channel, Monica

EDUCATION
M.A., Archaeology,
California State
University, Northridge
B.A., Anthropology,
California State
University, Northridge
AA, Humanities, Los
Angeles Pierce College
рш YEARS EXPERIENCE

SPECIALIZED

EXPERIENCE
Treatment of Historic
and Prehistoric Human
Remains
Archaeological
Monitoring
Complex Shell Midden
Sites
Groundstone Analysis

PROFESSIONAL

AFFILIATIONS
Register of Professional
Archaeologists җRPAҘ,
#рсчпф
Society for California
Archaeology җSCAҘ
Society for American
Archaeology җSAAҘ

QUALIFICATIONS
Exceeds Secretary of
Interior Standards
CA State BLM Permitted

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Monica Strauss, RPA

Page 2 ends

managed all aspects of Section рпх review in accordance with Caltrans Cultural Resources Environmental guidelines. Monica and her team evaluated the Arroyo Seco Channel, identified character-defining features, informed the design of channel improvements to retain such features, and addressed the channelsҁ potential for eligibility as part of a larger Los Angeles Country water management district. She developed the research strategy, directed the field teams, and prepared cultural resources assessment documentation for approval by Caltrans and FHWA, as well as the cultural resources section for a Mitigated Negative Declaration.

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power La Kretz Innovation Campus, Los Angeles County, CA. Project Director. The project involved the rehabilitation of the хр,ппп-square-foot building located at фрч-фсу Colyton Street, demolition of the building located at фтц-ффр Hewitt Street, and construction of an open space public plaza and surface parking lot, and involved compliance with Section рпх of the National Historic Preservation Act and consultation with the California State Historic Preservation Officer. ESA is providing archaeological monitoring and data recovery services and is assisting LADWP with meeting their requirements for Section рпх of the National Historic Preservation Act. Monica is providing oversight to archaeological monitors and crew conducting resource data recovery and laboratory analysis, and is providing guidance to LADWP on meeting Section рпх requirements.

Los Angeles Unified School District җLAUSDҘ Florence Nightingale Middle School Historic Architectural Review, Los Angeles County, CA. Cultural Resources Project Director. Monica managed the historical analysis of the LAUSD Florence Nightingale Middle School. The analysis included a cultural resources survey that photo-documented buildings that would be affected by the project.

The project includes HVAC replacement to a ршхц Classroom Buildings, kitchen upgrades within the рштц Domestic Science/Cafeteria Building, and improvements to the ршхф chiller yard. Florence Nightingale Middle School was previously recommended eligible for listing in the California Register.

Viewpoint School, Tennis Courts and Park, Calabasas, CA. Cultural Resources Project Director. ESA is working with the City of Calabasas to prepare an IS/MND to support the development of the proposed Viewpoint School Tennis Courts and Parking Lots project, which includes the development of three sites җPeters, Brown, and Castle OakҘ that would become part of the school campus property.

Improvements entail installation of six tennis courts җincluding an accessory buildingҘ, additional campus parking in three areas, and the renovation of two existing residential structures, one to accommodate offices for school administration and the second to provide a primary residence to the school principal. The project would remove the Peterҁs property building and appurtenant structures, redevelop the interior of the Castle Oaks property to accommodate the administrative offices, and update the Brown residence to accommodate the principalҁs primary residence. ESA is preparing three technical studies to support the IS/MND, including air quality, cultural resources, greenhouse gas emissions, and noise. ESA peer reviewed the biological resource reports and traffic study that were prepared to support the document. Monica provided technical and compliance oversight to the cultural resources staff.

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Candace R. Ehringer, RPA
Cultural Resource Program Manager
Candace is a cultural resources project manager with 22 years of experience in California. She provides technical and compliance oversight for archaeological survey, evaluation, and treatment; built environment studies, including the documentation and evaluation of buildings, structures, and districts; Tribal resources consultations; and paleontological resources survey and sensitivity assessments. Candace also has experience working with agencies and Tribes to identify Traditional Cultural Properties and tribal cultural resources. She is skilled in the evaluation, analysis of effects, and development of measures to avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse effects for archaeological, historic, tribal, and paleontological resources under Section 106 and CEQA.

Candace manages multi-disciplinary cultural resources projects and is adept at building teams of specialists that are uniquely qualified for the project at hand.

Her project work includes experience in every county in Southern California, as well as many in the Central Coast, Central Valley, and Northern California regions.

She is proficient in the areas of CEQA, NEPA, Section 106, and AB 52 compliance, and routinely provides planning and strategic guidance to clients on complex projects within the larger scope of state and federal regulations.

Relevant Experience
California Department of Water Resources, Castaic Dam High Intake Tower Bridge Retrofit Project, Los Angeles County, CA, 2019-2020. Cultural Resources Project Manager. Candace managed the preparation of a cultural resources technical study in support of an IS/MND, and participated in AB 52 consultation with California Native American tribes. The consulting tribe identified tribal cultural resources in the project area. Candace worked with the tribe and DWR cultural staff to address tribal concerns and incorporate mitigation designed to reduce impacts to less than significant.

Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency, Watsonville Slough System Managed Aquifer Recharge and Recovery Projects, Santa Cruz County, CA, 2019-2020. Cultural Resources Project Manager. Candace is managing the preparation of a cultural resources study in support of the project EIR, including archival research, Native American outreach, survey, and testing. Several significant prehistoric archaeological sites of concern to local Native American tribes are within the vicinity of project elements. Candace is analyzing impacts to these sites as historical resources and tribal cultural resources, and is developing alternatives and mitigation to avoid or reduce impacts pursuant to CEQA.

Los Cerritos Wetlands Restoration Program, Los Angeles and Orange Counties, CA, 2017-2020. Cultural Resources Project Manager. Candace managed the preparation of a cultural resources technical study in support of a

EDUCATION
MA, Anthropology,
California State
University, Northridge
BA, Anthropology, East
Carolina University
22 YEARS OF

EXPERIENCE

QUALIFICATIONS
Register of Professional
Archaeologists, No.
15146
Meets Secretary of the
Interior’s PQS for
Archaeology and History
Meets Caltrans PQS for
Co-Principal Investigator
Orange County Certified
Archaeologist
CA State BLM Permitted
HAZWOPER Certified

PROFESSIONAL

AFFILIATIONS
Society for California
Archaeology
Society for Historical
Archaeology
Register of Professional
Archaeologists,
Standards Board Chair

CONTINUING

EDUCATION
AEP AB 52 Tribal
Perspective Training
presented by the San
Manuel Band of Mission
Indians and Morongo
Band of Mission Indians,
2017

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Candace R. Ehringer, RPA

Page 2 ends

Programmatic EIR. The Los Cerritos Wetlands has been identified as a tribal cultural landscape of significance to local California Native American tribes.

Candace assisted the lead agency with AB 52 consultation, analyzed potential impacts to historical, archaeological, and tribal cultural resources, and developed mitigation to minimize impacts. The program would restore wetland, transition, and upland habitats throughout the approximately 503-acre Los Cerritos Wetlands Complex.

California Department of Toxic Substances (DTSC), Topock Compressor Station Remediation CEQA Services, Mohave County, AZ and San Bernardino County, CA, 2012-2019. Cultural Resources Project Manager. Candace managed the preparation of cultural resources EIR sections analyzing impacts to historical, archaeological and tribal resources. She also assisted with Native American consultation, including participating in field visits and meetings with tribal representatives. The project is located within the Topock Traditional Cultural Property, and the project was highly scrutinized by regional Native American tribes since they attach cultural and religious significance to the area. ESA prepared several CEQA documents in support of the project, tiering off the Program EIR. The project would remediate groundwater and soil contamination caused by hexavalent chromium and other chemicals.

California State Coastal Conservancy, Ballona Wetlands Restoration Project, Los Angeles, CA, 2012-2019. Archaeologist. Candace provided support for the cultural resources component of the project, which involved field survey and excavation, archival research, geoarchaeological assessment, SHPO and USACE consultation, and reporting. The area is considered exceptionally sensitive to local Native American groups, requiring extensive consultation and coordination between local tribes, the California Department of Parks and Recreation, and USACE. The Ballona Wetlands once occupied a 2,000-acre expanse of critical coastal habitat and included some of the most diverse wetland habitat types in the Los Angeles Basin. The Ballona Wetlands Restoration EIR/EIS evaluated four alternatives that included the following key elements: ecosystem restoration, flood and stormwater management, public access improvements, infrastructure and utility modifications, a full-scale implementation and restoration program, a state-of-the-art monitoring and adaptive management program, and ongoing operations and maintenance activities.

Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency, Basin Management Plan College Lake Integrated Resources Management Plan EIR, Watsonville, Santa Cruz County, CA, 2017-2019. Cultural Resources Project Manager. Candace managed the preparation of cultural resources studies in support of the project, which included archival research, Native American outreach, survey, and monitoring of geotechnical work. She led the field survey and authored the technical report in compliance with Section 106 and CEQA. The project is in an area of known cultural resources sensitivity, and is an area of concern to several Native American tribes. Candace analyzed impacts to historical, archaeological, and tribal cultural resources. The project would consist of a new weir structure and intake pump station, a water treatment plant, and a 5.5-mile-long pipeline to convey treated water to agricultural uses in the Pajaro Valley.

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Candace R. Ehringer, RPA

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California Department of Water Resources, Lake Perris Seepage Recovery, Riverside County, CA, 2018-2019. Principal Investigator. Candace served as Principal Investigator for a Phase I cultural resources study conducted in compliance with CEQA. Tasks included archival research, survey, subsurface archaeological sensitivity assessment, analysis of direct and indirect effects to the National Register-Colorado River Aqueduct, reporting, and preparation of the cultural resources and tribal cultural resources sections of the EIR. The proposed project would collect water that is currently seeping out of Lake Perris through an integrated recovery well system, and then provide the recovered water to the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.

California Department of Water Resources, Lake Perris Emergency Release Facility, Riverside County, CA., 2016-2019 Cultural Resources Project Manager.

Candace managed the preparation of a Phase I cultural resources study and cultural resources EIR section. Tasks included archival research, assistance with Native American outreach, survey, and reporting in compliance with CEQA. The project would modify the existing emergency outlet facility for the Perris Dam and construct a water conveyance facility to connect with the Perris Valley Channel in the event of a need for an emergency drawdown.

California Department of Water Resources, Los Robles Seismic Bridge Retrofit, Los Angeles County, CA, 2018. Project Manager. DWR requested that ESA prepare an expedited archaeological resources study for a seismic retrofit of the existing Los Robles Road Bridge at Quail Lake. Candace managed the preparation of the study, which included a records search, historic map and aerial photograph review, geoarchaeological review and sensitivity analysis, pedestrian survey, and technical report. ESA completed the study and delivered the report to DWR within 20 days of the request.

City of Temecula, Cypress Ridge Project EIR, Temecula, CA, 2016-2018.

Cultural Resources Project Manager. Candace authored the cultural resources and tribal cultural resources sections of the EIR, and assisted with AB 52 consultation.

Consultation resulted in the identification of a tribal cultural resource and development of mitigation to reduce impacts to less than significant. The project includes the development 245 detached/attached, cluster, and duplex/triplex units totaling approximately 439,341 square feet, conversion of an existing concrete drainage ditch to an infiltration basin, improvements to Pala Park, and off-site landscape improvements along Pechanga Parkway, and requires a General Plan Amendment, Tentative Tract Map, and zoning change.

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Candace R. Ehringer, RPA

Page 4 ends

Palmdale Water District (PWD) Water System Master Plan EIR, Los Angeles County, CA 2016-2018. Cultural Resources Project Manager. Candace managed the cultural resources studies, including the Phase I and Extended Phase I identification efforts. These efforts included archival research, an archaeological sensitivity assessment, field surveys, presence/absence testing, and reporting.

Candace assisted PWD with AB 52 consultation with the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians, and coordinating with the San Manuel’s CEQA lead. Candace authored the cultural resources and tribal cultural resources chapters of the EIR.

The project would evaluate the existing water system deficiencies, future facility requirements, and would serve as a guideline for the planning of the build-out of the PWD’s potable water system in the near-term (by 2020) or in the long-term (by 2021 to 2040). The project would involve construction of water system improvements throughout PWD’s 47 square mile service area in the City of Palmdale, and outside of PWD boundaries in either the City of Palmdale or unincorporated Los Angeles County, in order to meet potable water system needs.

City of Morro Bay Water Reclamation Facility (WRF) CEQA Plus EIR, Morro Bay, CA, 2015-2018. Cultural Resources Project Manager. Candace provided peer review of cultural resources studies and authored the cultural resources and tribal cultural resources sections of the EIR, analyzing impacts to the numerous prehistoric sites in the project vicinity. The City of Morro Bay is proposing to build a WRF at a new inland location. The proposed WRF would provide wastewater treatment services for the City of Morro Bay and provide opportunities for beneficial reuse of advanced treated recycled water, including agricultural irrigation and groundwater replenishment. The proposed project includes all necessary pipeline collection and conveyance infrastructure needed to support the treatment facility. The existing Morro Bay-Cayucos Wastewater Treatment Plant would be decommissioned and replaced by the proposed WRF.

California Department of Water Resources, Pyramid Lake Maintenance, Los Angeles County, CA., 2016-2017. Principal Investigator. Candace managed the preparation of a cultural resources study, which included archival research, Native American outreach, field survey, geoarchaeological review, a sensitivity analysis, reporting, and coordination with Angeles National Forest staff. The projects consisted of installing a warning siren at Frenchman’s Flat Campground, repairing an existing bathroom at Emigrant Landing swim beach, and revegetating the Los Alamos Campground Loop 4 within the Pyramid Lake area of the Angeles National Forest, requiring compliance with Section 106.

California Department of Water Resources, Castaic Lake Drawdown, Los Angeles County, CA, 2014-2016. Principal Investigator. Candace served as Principal Investigator for the project. She developed research questions and survey strategies, participated in the survey, oversaw documentation and evaluation of identified resources, and provided senior review of the report. The project was conducted to comply with mitigation after a drawdown of the water level at Castaic Lake during an extended period of drought in California. Portions of the project were located on lands administered by the Angeles National Forest, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and California State Parks, requiring permitting and compliance with both State and Federal laws.

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Candace R. Ehringer, RPA

Page 5 ends

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Owens Lake Master Project – Cultural Resources Services, Inyo County, CA, 2014-2015. Cultural Resources Project Manager. Candace managed the preparation of cultural resources sensitivty maps, which documented archaeological, historical, Native American, and paleontological resources on the Owens Lake bed. Candace also assisted with the development of Cultural Resources Protection Criteria designed to protect sensitive cultural resources during implementation of the Master Project.

LADWP is currently working to identify an environmentally sustainable approach to dust control at Owens Lake. LADWP is seeking to avoid impacts to cultural resources by considering their locations during the project development and planning stage.

City of Temecula, Altair Specific Plan EIR, Archaeological Services, Riverside County, CA, 2014-2015. Principal Investigator. Candace served as the Principal Investigator for an Archaeological Investigation Report. The study included geoarchaeological review, preparation of a research design, subsurface exploration of impact areas with higher sensitivity for archaeological resources, and preparation of a technical report. She co-authored the cultural resources section of the EIR, which analyzed impacts to the National Register-listed Luiseño Ancestral Origin Landscape Traditional Cultural Property. The project would construct a pedestrian-oriented residential community with up to 1,750 mixed density residential units within walking or cycling distance of Old Town Temecula.

California Department of Water Resources, Pearblossom Solar, Los Angeles County, CA, 2013-2015. Cultural Resources Project Manager. Candace managed the preparation of a Phase I cultural resources study for the project. The project includes installation of approximate 70-acres of photovoltaic solar panels. The study resulted in the identification of three historic-period archaeological sites and one historic resource (Pearblossom Pumping Plant complex). The archaeological resources were recommended ineligible for the National Register and California Register. The plant complex is considered a contributing element of the California Aqueduct, a National Register-eligible resource. The study concluded that the project would not cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of the California Aqueduct and no further work was recommended.

California Department of Water Resources, Cantua Creek Stream Group Improvements, Fresno County, CA, 2013-2014. Project Manager. Candace managed archaeological, historic, and paleontological resources studies in compliance with Section 106 and CEQA. She led a field survey of an approximate 1,867-acre area and served as the primary report author. The project includes a series of improvements to the San Luis Canal of the California Aqueduct, including raising existing/constructing canal embankments, pump pads, and roadbeds, a new concrete weir, sediment removal, and relocation of existing utilities. The U.S.

Bureau of Reclamation and the California Department of Water Resources were the lead agencies.

California Department of Water Resources, Perris Dam Mitigation Area, Riverside County, CA, 2012-2013. Cultural Resources Project Manager. Candace managed a Phase I cultural resources study for a proposed biological mitigation area. Tasks included archival research, survey, and reporting. The study

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Candace R. Ehringer, RPA

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concluded that the area is sensitive for archaeological resources and additional work was recommended. The project includes a creation/restoration program within the Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority mitigation area with the purpose of creating/restoring riparian habitat that is biologically equivalent or superior to that which is being impacted as a result of the Perris Dam Remediation Program being carried out at Lake Perris.

California Department of Water Resources, Serrano Beach Project, Los Angeles County, CA, 2012. Project Manager. Candace managed a Phase I cultural resources study, including archival research, survey, and report. DWR proposes to repair culverts along the Serrano Beach access road near the Pyramid Lake Vista Del Lago Visitors Center, replacement of a fence surrounding an existing water tank, and installation of a new water pipeline near the Warne Powerplant. The project is located within the Angeles National Forest, requiring compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act.

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Fatima Clark
Archaeologist
Fatima has 12 years of hands-on archaeological experience and is practiced in project management and client and agency coordination. Her field experience is complimented by the course study and participation in numerous archaeological excavations in California, Arizona, and Peru. Fatima has written California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)-level technical reports, Environmental Impact Report (EIR) sections, Initial Study (IS) sections, archaeological peer reviews, archaeological monitoring reports, and reports pursuant to California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) requirements. She is also experienced in performing archaeological testing, site recordation, laboratory analysis, pedestrian surveys, records searches through several California Historical Resources Information Systems-Information Centers, and monitoring for a wide variety of projects, including mixed-use, residential, and energy, water, and road infrastructure projects. In addition to her archaeology background, Fatima has been cross-trained in conducting paleontological surveys and monitoring and has co-authored and managed associated reports.

Relevant Experience
Hillcrest Real Estate, LLC., Universal Hilton City, Universal City, CA (2020).

Archaeologist. Fatima was in charge of preparing the Cultural Resources Assessment and EIR section for the project pertaining to CEQA. Fatima also coordinated the preparation of the Paleontological Resources Assessment. The project will include a new 20-story Hotel Expansion Building (with 395 guest rooms and a spa limited to guests and 250 non-guest members) with a new single-level lobby connecting to the Existing Hotel Building. The Project is located near the entrance of Universal Studios.

Irvine Ranch Water District, Syphon Reservoir Improvement Project, Orange County, CA (2018-2019). Archaeologist. Fatima was in charge of conducting archival research, pedestrian survey, and served as one of the lead authors of the Cultural Resources Assessment Report, pursuant to CEQA and Section 106. The survey for the study led to the relocation of two previously recorded prehistoric archaeological sites and the recordation of five additional resources, including one prehistoric isolate, one historic-period archaeological resource, and three historic architectural resources.

City of Santa Monica, Miramar Hotel Redevelopment EIR, Santa Monica, CA (2019). Archaeologist. Fatima was in charge of conducting archival research and preparing the Phase I Archaeological Resources Assessment for the project pertaining to CEQA. Fatima also coordinated the preparation of the Paleontological Resources Assessment. The project includes adaptive reuse of the historic Palisades Building and replacement of other buildings in order to provide a mixed-use luxury hotel with new food and beverage facilities, open space, spa,

EDUCATION
BA, Anthropology,
California State
University, Fullerton
12 YEARS OF

EXPERIENCE

PROFESSIONAL

AFFILIATIONS
Society for California
Archaeology

SPECIALIZED TRAINING
Section 106 Webinar,
2016
Workshop: The Art and
Science of Flintknapping,
California Desert Studies
Center, 2013
Successful CEQA,
Compliance-Southern
California Edison,
Environmental Training,
2011
Cultural Resources
Protection under CEQA
and Other Legislative
Mandates, UCLA
Extension, 2010

CERTIFICATIONS/

REGISTRATION
Orange County Certified
Archaeologist

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Fatima Clark

Page 2 ends

meeting facilities, and retail space, along with residential units on the upper floors of the new buildings.

California Pacific Homes, Oaks at Monte Nido, Santa Monica Mountains, Unincorporated Los Angeles County, CA (2019-2020). Archaeologist. Fatima was in charge of conducting archival research, the archaeological and paleontological pedestrian survey, the preparation of the Phase I Archaeological Resources Assessment pertaining to CEQA, and assisted with the preparation of Paleontological Resources Assessment. The pedestrian survey yielded the identification of a sandstone boulder that contains a fossil impression of the skull of a small-toothed cetacean “dolphin” and the identification of fossilized shells of pelecypods (e.g., bivalves such as clams, mussels, oysters, and cockles) and gastropods (e.g., snails and slugs). The project proposes the development of 15 single-family residences on separate individual recorded parcels within the Monte Nido Community, along the scenic route of Piuma Road.

Sandstone Properties, Inc., 11469 Jefferson Hotel Project, Culver City, CA (2019). Archaeologist. Fatima was in charge of conducting the archival research, survey, and subsurface sensitivity assessment for archaeological resources. The project is within an area of archaeological sensitivity, and the study identified those areas with a higher likelihood to contain subsurface resources based on a review of environmental, geologic, and historic data. The project would develop a five-story, 175-room boutique hotel with below-grade parking, and would require demolition of existing commercial structures.

California Department of Water Resources, Lake Perris Seepage Recovery, Riverside County, CA (2019). Archaeologist. Fatima was in charge of the following tasks: archival research, survey, subsurface archaeological sensitivity assessment, analysis of direct and indirect effects to the National RegisterColorado River Aqueduct, and preparation of the Cultural Resources Assessment Report in compliance with CEQA. The proposed project would collect water that is currently seeping out of Lake Perris through an integrated recovery well system, and then provide the recovered water to the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Manhattan Wellfield On-Site Hypochlorite Generation Station, Los Angeles, CA (2019). Archaeologist.

Fatima was in charge of preparing the Cultural Resources Assessment Report in compliance with CEQA and Section 106. Tasks included delineation of an Area of Potential Effects (APE), archival research, Native American outreach, desktop geoarchaeological review and subsurface sensitivity assessment, survey, reporting. The project would upgrade the existing chlorination station at Manhattan Wellfield to an on-site hypochlorite.

City of Burbank, Avion Project, Burbank, CA (2018). Archaeologist. Fatima was the lead author for the Cultural Resources Assessment Report and prepared the Cultural Resources section for the EIR. The project is a mixed-use development consisting of creative offices, creative industrial, retail, and a hotel located within a 61-acre Project area, which was once developed with the Lockheed-Martin B-6 site.

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Fatima Clark

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California Department of Water Resources, Los Robles Road Bridge Seismic Retrofit Project, Quail Lake, Los Angeles County (2018). Archaeologist. Fatima conducted the archival research, pedestrian survey and was the lead author for the Archaeological Resources Survey Report for the project, which pertains to CEQA. The project consisted of the seismic retrofitting of the existing Los Robles Road Bridge, which crosses the West Branch of the California Aqueduct.

Los Angeles Unified School District, San Pedro High School Comprehensive Modernization Project, Los Angeles, CA (2017-2018). Archaeologist. Fatima was the lead author for the Archaeological and Paleontological Resources report for the project pursuant to CEQA. The project is a site-specific school upgrade and modernization project being completed by the Los Angeles Unified School District under the School Upgrade Program. In addition to writing the report, Fatima was also the lead preparer of the Cultural Resources section of the EIR.

Los Angeles Unified School District, Burroughs Middle School Comprehensive Modernization Project, Los Angeles, CA (2018). Archaeologist. Fatima was the lead author for the Archaeological and Paleontological Resources report for the project pursuant to CEQA. The project would include: demolition of the Shop Building, Cafeteria/classroom buildings, and approximately 14 classrooms located in portable (relocatable) buildings; and construction of approximately 34 general and specialty classrooms, support spaces, and a new Food Services Building and Lunch Shelter. The proposed project would also include modernization and seismic retrofits to the Administration/auditorium Building, the Classroom Building, and the Gymnasium Building.

City of Burbank, Town Center Project, Burbank, CA (2018). Archaeologist.

Fatima was in charge of preparing the Cultural Resources Assessment Report for the project. The Project is a comprehensive redevelopment of the Burbank Town Center property that would introduce a new mix of uses intended to create an integrated urban community atmosphere promoting live, work and play in Downtown Burbank.

California Water Service Company, Palos Verdes Peninsula Water Reliability Project, Palos Verdes Peninsula, CA (2017). Archaeologist. Fatima assisted in the preparation of the Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment report, conducted records searches and conducted the pedestrian survey for this project pursuant to Section 106. The project proposed to construct new potable water pipelines and a new booster pump station to improve overall system reliability in the Palos Verdes Peninsula.

Santa Margarita Water District, San Juan Watershed Project, San Juan Capistrano and Dana Point, CA (2017). Archaeologist. Fatima was the lead author for the Phase I Cultural Resources Studies for the project compliant with CEQA and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Besides being the lead author for the report, Fatima conducted the records searches, pedestrian survey, prepared the Cultural Resources section of the EIR, and conducted

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coordination with the Orange County Flood Control District in order to acquire an encroachment permit to conduct the pedestrian survey. The project is to be constructed in multiple phases. The first phase (Phase I) would include installation of three rubber dams and control buildings within San Juan Creek.

Subsequent phases include additional dams within San Juan Creek and Arroyo Trabuco, recycled water recharge facilities, and additional upgrades to existing groundwater recovery facilities.

California Department of Transportation, La Costa Chevron, Encinitas, CA (2013-2017). Project Manager. Fatima led the archaeological services for the La Costa Chevron Project in Encinitas, which addressed Chevron-created erosion onto a Caltrans right-of-way. Because of the project site’s location within a recognized archaeological site, Caltrans required an Extended Phase I (XPI). ESA conducted an XPI archaeological excavation to determine the presence or absence of archaeological deposits (and their horizontal and vertical extent) where the drainage improvements were expected to occur. Managing the company’s role as a subcontractor to a larger engineering firm, Fatima coordinated with the prime consultant, the Native American groups in the area, and Caltrans. She was in charge of conducting archaeological testing, served as the primary author of the XPI, prepared the Environmentally Sensitive Area Action Plan and the Historic Resources Compliance Report.

Lennar Homes, Aidlin Property Residential Project, Los Angeles County, CA (2016). Archaeologist. Fatima was in charge of preparing the Section 106 report for the project. The proposed project would include the development of 102 single-family dwellings, three parks, the widening of Pico Canyon Road, and associated supporting infrastructure including local roadways, water tanks and a pump station, water quality treatment basins, and an emergency secondary fire access road. The project would also require the grading of natural topography, including slopes in order to remediate existing geologic conditions and to create stable building pads and roadways.

Lennar Homes, Aidlin Property Residential Project, Los Angeles County, CA (2014). Archaeologist. Fatima conducted the historical records searches through the CHRIS, pedestrian survey, the preparation of the CEQA cultural resources assessment report. The proposed project consists of a residential development on approximately 230 acres of land in an unincorporated area of Los Angeles County, California.

Southern California Edison, Archaeological Services/Contingent Employee (2008–2013), Southern California, CA. Fatima worked at Southern California Edison (SCE) as a full-time in-house consulting archaeologist in the Deteriorated Poles Program, GO 131-D Program and for the Valley South Subtransmission Project (VSSP). Fatima was in charge of managing work sent to outside consultants for surveys and preparation of archaeological reports and coordinating with consultants and SCE staff. Fatima also conducted over 100 archaeological reviews, including records searches, field surveys, project coordination, report writing for projects subject to the rules and regulations of the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) and thus also following CEQAmandated requirements.

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Appendix B
Sacred Lands File Search

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STATE OF CALIFORNIA Gavin Newsom, Governor

NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION

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January 27, 2022
Fatima Clark
ESA
Via Email to: [email protected]
Re: Covina Public Self-Storage Facility Project, Los Angeles County Dear Ms. Clark:

A record search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File (SLF) was completed for the information submitted for the above referenced project. The results were positive. Please contact the Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians – Kizh Nation on the attached list for information. Please note that tribes do not always record their sacred sites in the SLF, nor are they required to do so. A SLF search is not a substitute for consultation with tribes that are traditionally and culturally affiliated with a project’s geographic area. Other sources of cultural resources should also be contacted for information regarding known and recorded sites, such as the appropriate regional California Historical Research Information System (CHRIS) archaeological Information Center for the presence of recorded archaeological sites.

Attached is a list of Native American tribes who may also have knowledge of cultural resources in the project area. This list should provide a starting place in locating areas of potential adverse impact within the proposed project area. Please contact all of those listed; if they cannot supply information, they may recommend others with specific knowledge. By contacting all those listed, your organization will be better able to respond to claims of failure to consult with the appropriate tribe. If a response has not been received within two weeks of notification, the Commission requests that you follow-up with a telephone call or email to ensure that the project information has been received.

If you receive notification of change of addresses and phone numbers from tribes, please notify the NAHC. With your assistance, we can assure that our lists contain current information.

If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me at my email address: [email protected].

Sincerely,
Andrew Green
Cultural Resources Analyst
Attachment

CHAIRPERSON
Laura Miranda
Luiseño

VICE CHAIRPERSON
Reginald Pagaling
Chumash

PARLIAMENTARIAN
Russell Attebery
Karuk

SECRETARY
Sara Dutschke
Miwok

COMMISSIONER
William Mungary
Paiute/White Mountain
Apache

COMMISSIONER
Isaac Bojorquez
Ohlone-Costanoan

COMMISSIONER
Buffy McQuillen
Yokayo Pomo, Yuki,
Nomlaki

COMMISSIONER
Wayne Nelson
Luiseño

COMMISSIONER
Stanley Rodriguez
Kumeyaay

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
Christina Snider
Pomo

NAHC HEADQUARTERS
1550 Harbor Boulevard
Suite 100
West Sacramento,
California 95691
(916) 373-3710
[email protected]
NAHC.ca.gov

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Gabrieleno Band of Mission
Indians - Kizh Nation
Andrew Salas, Chairperson
P.O. Box 393
Covina, CA, 91723
Phone: (626) 926 - 4131
[email protected]
Gabrieleno
Gabrieleno/Tongva San Gabriel
Band of Mission Indians
Anthony Morales, Chairperson
P.O. Box 693
San Gabriel, CA, 91778
Phone: (626) 483 - 3564
Fax: (626) 286-1262
[email protected]
Gabrieleno
Gabrielino /Tongva Nation
Sandonne Goad, Chairperson
106 1/2 Judge John Aiso St.,
#231
Los Angeles, CA, 90012
Phone: (951) 807 - 0479
[email protected]
Gabrielino
Gabrielino Tongva Indians of
California Tribal Council
Christina Conley, Tribal
Consultant and Administrator
P.O. Box 941078
Simi Valley, CA, 93094
Phone: (626) 407 - 8761
[email protected]
u
Gabrielino
Gabrielino Tongva Indians of
California Tribal Council
Robert Dorame, Chairperson
P.O. Box 490
Bellflower, CA, 90707
Phone: (562) 761 - 6417
Fax: (562) 761-6417
[email protected]
Gabrielino
Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe
Charles Alvarez,
23454 Vanowen Street
West Hills, CA, 91307
Phone: (310) 403 - 6048
[email protected]
Gabrielino
Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla
Indians
Lovina Redner, Tribal Chair
P.O. Box 391820
Anza, CA, 92539
Phone: (951) 659 - 2700
Fax: (951) 659-2228
[email protected]
Cahuilla
Soboba Band of Luiseno
Indians
Joseph Ontiveros, Cultural
Resource Department
P.O. BOX 487
San Jacinto, CA, 92581
Phone: (951) 663 - 5279
Fax: (951) 654-4198
[email protected]
Cahuilla
Luiseno
Soboba Band of Luiseno
Indians
Isaiah Vivanco, Chairperson
P. O. Box 487
San Jacinto, CA, 92581
Phone: (951) 654 - 5544
Fax: (951) 654-4198
[email protected]
Cahuilla
Luiseno
1 of 1
This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section 5097.94 of the Public Resource Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code.

This list is only applicable for contacting local Native Americans with regard to cultural resources assessment for the proposed Covina Public Self-Storage Facility Project, Los Angeles County.

PROJ-2022-
000247
01/27/2022 09:50 AM
Native American Heritage Commission
Native American Contact List
Los Angeles County
1/27/2022

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Appendix C
Geotechnical Engineering
Exploration and Analysis
Report

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GREEN
Geotechnical Engineering
Exploration and Analysis
Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
Prepared for:

Public Storage
Glendale, California
July 30, 2021
Project No. 2G-2104006

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_________________________________________________________________________ GILES ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

UPDATED GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING EXPLORATION AND ANALYSIS PROPOSED 3-STORY PUBLIC STORAGE BUILDING
1330 EAST CYPRESS STREET

COVINA, CALIFORNIA
PROJECT NO. 2G-2104006
Description Page No.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OUTLINE ........................................................................................... 1

1.0 SCOPE OF SERVICES.................................................................................................. 3

2.0 SITES AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION.......................................................................... 3

2.1 Site Description................................................................................................... 3

2.2 Proposed Project Description.............................................................................. 3

3.0 SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION .................................................................................... 4

3.1 Subsurface Exploration....................................................................................... 4

3.2 Subsurface Conditions........................................................................................ 5

3.3 Percolation Testing ............................................................................................. 6

4.0 LABORATORY TESTING............................................................................................... 7

5.0 GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS .......................................................................... 8

5.1 Active Fault Zones .............................................................................................. 8

5.2 Seismic Hazard Zones........................................................................................ 8

6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................... 9

6.1 Seismic Design Considerations........................................................................... 9

6.2 Site Development Recommendations ............................................................... 10

6.3 Construction Considerations ............................................................................. 13

6.4 Foundation Recommendations ......................................................................... 14

6.5 Floor Slab Recommendations........................................................................... 15

6.6 Retaining Wall Recommendations .................................................................... 16

6.7 New Pavement ................................................................................................. 18

6.8 Recommended Construction Materials Testing Services .................................. 20

6.9 Basis of Report ................................................................................................. 20

APPENDICES
Appendix A – Figures (1) and Boring Logs (8)
Appendix B – Field Procedures
Appendix C – Laboratory Testing and Classification
Appendix D – General Information (Modified Guideline Specifications) and Important Information About Your Geotechnical Report

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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING EXPLORATION AND ANALYSIS
PROPOSED 3-STORY PUBLIC STORAGE BUILDING
1330 EAST CYPRESS STREET

COVINA, CALIFORNIA
PROJECT NO. 2G-2104006

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OUTLINE
The executive summary is provided solely for purposes of overview. Any party who relies on this report must read the full report. The executive summary omits a number of details, any one of which could be crucial to the proper application of this report.

Subsurface Conditions
• A Site Class D is recommended for this site based upon the mapped geological features of the site also verified by test borings.
• Our review of Quarternary Geological Map of the San Dimas Quadrangle indicates that the site is underlain by fluvial deposits and alluvium.
• Possible fill and fill soils were encountered within our test borings to depths up to about 6 feet.

The soils were generally damp to moist, very loose to loose relative density, silty sand with variable amounts of gravel.
• Native soils encountered beneath the fill and possible fill consisted of damp to moist, loose to very dense relative density, sands and gravels with possible interbedded cobbles and boulders. • Groundwater was not encountered during our subsurface exploration to the maximum depth explored of 36 ½ feet. The historic high groundwater elevation is mapped at a depth of 180 feet.

Site Development
• It is our understanding that the existing buildings will be demolished for the construction of a 3- story storage building, with the lower lever a partial basement. • New Buildings: Due to the presence of variable strength onsite soils, including fill and possible fill, and the likely disturbance of the subgrade during demolition operations; it is recommended that the soils within the proposed new three-story building area and an appropriate distance beyond (5 feet minimum where possible) be over-excavated to a depth of at least 1 foot below bottom of foundations and floor slab, and to the depth required to remove soil disturbed during demolition, whichever is deeper. The soils exposed at the base of this recommended over-excavation should be examined by the geotechnical engineer to document that the soils are suitable for building support.

Building Foundation
• Spread footings that will support the bearing walls and isolated columns may be designed for a maximum, net, allowable soil-bearing pressure of 3,000 pounds per square foot (psf). Structural loads supported by a mat/slab may be designed for a maximum modulus of subgrade reaction (ks) of 90 pounds per square inch per inch (psi/in.).

Building Floor Slab
• The slab should be underlain by a minimum 4-inch thick granular base supported on a properly prepared subgrade consisting of newly placed structural compacted fill. • The ground floor of the new building may be designed as load-bearing mat/slab, or conventional slab-on-grade with spread footings.

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Geotechnical Engineering Exploration and Analysis
Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
Project No. 2G-2104006

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• A minimum 15-mil vapor retarder is recommended below the floor slab or base course to protect moisture sensitive floor coverings.

Retaining Walls
• Walls under 6 feet in height may be designed for active or at-rest Equivalent Fluid Pressures (EFP) of 35 or 55 pcf, respectively. Walls over 6 feet in height should also include a seismic increase of 23 pcf.
• The retaining wall(s) may be designed as conventional reinforced concrete walls supported by spread footings designed for an allowable soil bearing pressure of 3,000 psf, with a coefficient of friction of 0.40, and passive pressure on 250 pcf.
• Retaining walls are recommended to be designed for drained condition.

Pavement
• Asphaltic Concrete: 3 inches of asphaltic concrete underlain by 6 or 9 inches of base course in parking stall and drive lane areas, respectively.
• Portland Cement Concrete: 6 inches in thickness in high stress areas such as entrance/exit aprons lane and in trash enclosure loading zone with a 4 inch granular base.

Construction Considerations
• Due to the granular on site soil encountered within our borings, all excavations to develop the site and partial basement and other areas should be closely monitored as slope stability problems should be expected in steep, unbraced excavations considering the nature of the subsoils. All excavations must be performed in accordance with CAL-OSHA requirements, which is the responsibility of the contractor.
• Some nominal overexcavation of existing fill should be expected. • Loose or disturbed soil resulting from the demolishing and removal of the existing building and foundations should be expected, and monitored by Giles during demo and grading to determine if supplemental recommendations are warranted.

GREEN – This site has been given a green designation as no significant cost increases or geotechnical issues are expected.

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Geotechnical Engineering Exploration and Analysis
Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
Project No. 2G-2104006

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_________________________________________________________________________ GILES ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES, INC.

1.0 SCOPE OF SERVICES
This report provides the results of the Geotechnical Engineering Exploration and Analysis that Giles Engineering Associates, Inc. (“Giles”) conducted regarding the proposed development. The Geotechnical Engineering Exploration and Analysis included several separate, but related, service areas referenced hereafter as the Geotechnical Subsurface Exploration Program, Geotechnical Laboratory Services, and Geotechnical Engineering Services. The scope of each service area was narrow and limited, as directed by our client and in consideration of the proposed project. The scope of each service area is briefly explained in this report.

Geotechnical-related recommendations for design and construction of the foundation and groundbearing floor slab for the proposed building are provided in this report. Geotechnical-related recommendations are also provided for the proposed parking lot. Site preparation recommendations are also given; however, those recommendations are only preliminary since the means and methods of site preparation will depend on factors that were unknown when this report was prepared. Those factors include the weather before and during construction, the water table at the time of construction, subsurface conditions that are exposed during construction, and finalized details of the proposed development.

2.0 SITES AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Site Description
The subject property, which is currently occupied by a one and two story building, is located at 1330 E. Cypress Street, in the City of Covina, California. The site is bounded on the north by East Cypress Street, on the east and west by commercial buildings, and on the south by a railroad track and residential units further south.

Other site improvements include asphaltic concrete driveway and parking areas, concrete pavements, underground utilities, concrete walkways, and trash enclosure. The existing buildings and parking areas are considered to be in fair conditions.

Based on a review of the ALTA Map prepared by DRC, dated May 7, 2021 the site slopes from about El. 670 ft to El 664 ft from north to south, within the proposed building areas. The subject property is located at approximately latitude 34.0952 and longitude -117.8628o.

2.2 Proposed Project Description
It is our understanding that the existing buildings will be demolished for the construction of a 3-story storage building, with the lower level constructed as a partial basement fully below grade to the north and at grade at the south of the building. At the time of this geotechnical investigation, design loadings and/or proposed structural conditions were not available for our review. We estimate maximum building loads, based on a 10 foot by 10 foot column spacing, to be 40 to 50 kips for interior

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Geotechnical Engineering Exploration and Analysis
Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
Project No. 2G-2104006

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_________________________________________________________________________ GILES ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES, INC.
columns and 2 to 3 kips per foot for walls. When design loading conditions are final, we should be notified to re-evaluate the conclusions and recommendations contained in this report. The structure is anticipated to be concrete, masonry, and steel.

The Conceptual Site Plan, Sheet 2, prepared by KSP, dated May 19, 2021 indicates the planned finished floor elevation for the proposed new structure (1st Floor partial basement) will be 66.0 feet.

Based on the existing grades at the existing building corners relative test boring elevations, site grading is anticipated to consist of cuts of about 5 feet at the northern areas of the proposed building, and cuts of 2 feet and fills of 2 feet at the southern area of the building. This grading is only to establish the necessary anticipated finish grade elevations, and exclusive of site preparation and over-excavation requirements necessary to create a stable site suited for the proposed development.

The traffic loading for the proposed parking lot is understood to predominantly consist of automobiles with occasional heavy trucks resulting from deliveries and trash removal. The parking lot pavement sections have been designed on the basis of an assumed Traffic Index of 4.5 for the parking stall areas (light duty) and 5.5 for the drive lanes (medium duty). Pavement designs are based on a 20- year design period.

3.0 SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION

3.1 Subsurface Exploration
Our subsurface exploration consisted of the drilling of eight (8) exploratory test borings up to 36 ½ feet and percolation test holes at depths of 5 feet below existing ground surfaces utilizing a truck mounted hollow stem drill rig. The approximate test boring locations are shown in the Test Boring Location Plan (Figure 1). Prior to drilling, a Soil Boring Permit (DEH2019-LMWP-004212) was obtained from Los Angeles County Environmental Health Department. The Test Boring Location Plan, Test Boring Logs (Records of Subsurface Exploration), and test results are enclosed in Appendix A. Field and laboratory test procedures are enclosed in Appendix B and C, respectively. The terms and symbols used on the Test Boring Logs are defined on the General Notes in Appendix D.

Our subsurface exploration included the collection of relatively undisturbed samples of subsurface soil materials for laboratory testing purposes. Bulk samples consisted of composite soil materials obtained at selected depth intervals from the borings. Relatively undisturbed samples were collected (per ASTM D-3550) using a 3-inch outside-diameter, modified California split-spoon soil sampler (CS) lined with 1-inch high brass rings. The sampler was driven with successive 30-inch drops of a hydraulically operated, 140-pound automatic trip hammer. Blow counts for each 6-inch driving increment were recorded on the field exploration logs. The central portions of the driven core samples were placed in sealed containers and transported to our laboratory for testing.

Where deemed appropriate, standard split-spoon tests (SS), also called Standard Penetration Test (SPT), were also performed at selected depth intervals in accordance with the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) Standard Procedure D 1586. This method consists of mechanically driving

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Geotechnical Engineering Exploration and Analysis
Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
Project No. 2G-2104006

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an unlined standard split-barrel sampler 18 inches into the soil with successive 30-inch drops of the 140-pound automatic trip hammer. Blow counts for each 6-inch driving increment were recorded on the exploration logs. The number of blows required to drive the standard split-spoon sampler for the last 12 of the 18 inches was identified as the uncorrected standard penetration resistance (N).

Disturbed soil samples from the unlined standard split-spoon samplers were placed in plastic containers and transported to our laboratory for testing.

At the conclusion of drilling activities, each borehole was backfilled. Even with this service, however, it is important to note that some borehole backfill settlement or expansion can and will occur over time. This settlement/expansion can create a hazard and should be carefully monitored by the client and/or property owner. The settlement/expansion can lead to the formation of a “trip joint” representing a threat of injury to persons or animals utilizing or accessing the subject property. Giles has not included a cost for monitoring borehole settlement/expansion after the initial drilling activities and will not be performing this service.

3.2 Subsurface Conditions
The subsurface conditions as subsequently described have been simplified somewhat for ease of report interpretation. A more detailed description of the subsurface conditions at the test boring locations is provided by the logs of the test borings enclosed in Appendix A of this report.

Pavement
Existing pavement encountered consisted of approximately 2 to 4 inches thick asphaltic concrete with 3 to 6 inches of aggregate base noted. Based on our visual observation, the existing pavement is in fair condition.

Geology
Our review of Quarternary Geological Map of the San Dimas Quadrangle indicates that the site is underlain by fluvial deposits and alluvium.

Soil
Possible fill and fill soils were encountered within our test borings to depths up to about 6 feet. The soils were generally damp to moist, very loose to loose relative density, silty sand with variable amounts of grave.

Native soils encountered beneath the fill and possible fill consisted of damp to moist, loose to very dense relative density, sands and gravels with possible interbedded cobbles and boulders.

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Geotechnical Engineering Exploration and Analysis
Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
Project No. 2G-2104006

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Groundwater
Groundwater was not encountered within the borings to depths up to 36 ½ feet below existing ground surface during our subsurface exploration and is mapped at a depth of 180 feet. However, fluctuations of the groundwater table, localized zones of perched water, and rise in soil moisture content should be anticipated during and after the rainy season. Irrigation of landscape areas on or adjacent to the site can also cause fluctuations of local or shallow perched groundwater levels.

3.3 Percolation Testing
It is our understanding that an on-site below grade storm water infiltration system is being considered for the subject site. Therefore, two percolation tests were performed to assess the infiltration characteristics of the site soils.

The percolation testing consisted of drilling a 8-inch-diameter hole using a hollow-stem auger, installing a 2-inch-diameter slotted pvc casing with a solid end cap and then surrounding the casing with a granular filter pack. The test holes (B-5 and B-8) were then pre-soaked to a minimum depth of 1 foot above the bottom of the boring. After pre-soaking, test water was added to the casing and refilled after each consecutive percolation test reading. The drop in water level over time is the percolation rate at the test location. The pre-adjusted percolation rate is generally reduced to account for the discharge of water from both the sides and bottom of the boring. The formula given by the County of Los Angeles, Department of Public Works, Geotechnical and Materials Engineering Division, was used to calculate for the infiltration rate.

Infiltration Rate = Pre-adjusted Percolation Rate divided by Reduction Factor Where the reduction factor (Rf) is given by:

Rf = (2di - ∆d/ dia) + 1
With: di = initial water depth (in.)
∆d = average/final water level drop (in.)
Dia = diameter of the boring (in.)
The results obtained from our percolation testing are summarized below. The infiltration rate noted below has not been reduced to account for a factor of safety.

TABLE 1 – PERCOLATION TEST RESULTS
Test Hole Test Depth1
(feet)
Design Infiltration
Rate (in/hr) Soil Type
B-8/P-1 5.0 1.33 Silty fine Sand
B-4/P-2 5.0 1.93 Silty fine Sand
1) Depth is referenced to the existing surface grade at the test location. 2) No Factor of Safety has been calculated

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Geotechnical Engineering Exploration and Analysis
Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
Project No. 2G-2104006

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It should be noted that the infiltration rate of the on-site soils represents a specific area and depth tested and may fluctuate throughout other parts of the site.

4.0 LABORATORY TESTING
Several laboratory tests were performed on selected samples considered representative of those encountered in order to evaluate the engineering properties of on-site soils. The following are brief description of our laboratory test results.

In Situ Moisture and Density
Tests were performed on select samples from the test borings to determine the subsoils dry density and natural moisture contents in accordance with Test Method ASTM 2216. The results of these tests are included in the Test Boring Logs enclosed in Appendix A.

Expansion Index
To evaluate the expansive potential of the near surface soils encountered during our subsurface exploration, two composite samples collected from the test borings within the upper 12 feet were subjected to Expansive Index (EI) testing in accordance with Test Method ASTM D 4829. The result of our expansion index (EI) test indicates that the near surface sample has a very low expansion potential (EI = 11).

Soluble Sulfate Analysis and Soil Corrosivity
A representative sample of the near surface soils which may contact shallow buried utilities and structural concrete was performed to determine the corrosion potential for buried ferrous metal conduits and the concentrations present of water soluble sulfate which could result in chemical attack of cement. The following table presents the results of our laboratory testing.

Parameter Bulk Sample
1 to 12 feet
pH 7.6
Chloride 27 ppm
Sulfate 0.0244%
Resistivity 900 ohm-cm
The chloride content of the near-surface soils was determined for a selected sample in accordance with California Test Method No. 422. The results of this test indicated that tested soil has a Low exposure to chloride. The results of limited in-house testing of soil pH and resistivity were determined in accordance with California test Method No. 643 and indicated that site soil is alkaline with respect to pH.

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Covina, California
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These test results have been evaluated in accordance with criteria established by the Cast Iron Pipe Research Association, Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association, the American Concrete Institute and the National Association of Corrosion Engineers. The test results on a near surface bulk sample from the site generally indicate that tested soils have a severe corrosive potential when in contact with ferrous materials. Therefore, special protection for underground cast iron pipe or ductile pipe may be warranted depending on the actual materials in contact with the pipe. We recommend that a corrosion engineer review these results in order to provide specific recommendations for corrosion protection as well as appropriate recommendations for other types of buried metal structures.

Corrosivity testing also included determination of the concentrations of water-soluble sulfates present in the tested soil sample in accordance with California Test Method No. 417. Our laboratory test data indicated that near surface soils contain approximately 0.024 percent of water soluble sulfates. Based on the applicable California Building Code (CBC), concrete that may be exposed to sulfate containing soils shall comply with the provisions of ACI 318-11, Section 4.3. Therefore, according to Table 4.3.1 of the ACI 318-11, a low exposure to sulfate corrosivity can be expected for concrete placed in contact with the tested on-site soils. No special sulfate resistant cement is considered necessary for concrete which will be in contact with the tested on-site soils.

5.0 GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS

5.1 Active Fault Zones
The project site is located in the highly seismic Southern California region within the influence of several fault systems. However, the site does not lie within the boundaries of an Earthquake Fault Zone as defined by the State of California in the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act.

5.2 Seismic Hazard Zones
Our review of the published Seismic Hazard Evaluation Report for the San Dimas Quadrangle (within which the subject site is located) indicates that the subject site does not lie within a designated Liquefaction Hazard Zone. In addition, the depth to historic high groundwater is reported to be approximately 180 feet below grade. Based on these conditions, a liquefaction analysis is deemed not necessary.

General types of ground failures that might occur as a consequence of severe ground shaking typically include landsliding, ground subsidence, ground lurching and shallow ground rupture. The probability of occurrence of each type of ground failure depends on the severity of the earthquake, distance from faults, topography, subsoils and groundwater conditions, in addition to other factors.

Based on our subsurface exploration and the seismic designation for this site, all of the above effects of seismic activity are considered unlikely at the site.

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1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
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6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the results of our subsurface exploration and laboratory testing, the planned development for the subject site is considered feasible from a geotechnical point of view provided the following conclusions and recommendations are incorporated in the design and project specifications.

Conditions that may result from the proposed improvement have been evaluated on the basis of the engineering characteristics of the subsurface materials encountered during our subsurface investigation and their anticipated behavior both during and after construction. Conclusions and recommendations, along with site preparation recommendations and construction considerations are discussed in the following sections of this report.

We recommend that Giles Engineering Associates, Inc. be involved in the review of the grading and foundation plans for the site. Based on the results of our review, modifications to our recommendations may be warranted.

Effect of Proposed Grading and Construction on Adjacent Property Based on a review of the soil conditions, site plan, and building setbacks, it is our opinion that the proposed construction and grading will be safe against geotechnical hazards from landslides, settlement, or slippage provided grading and construction are performed in compliance with the state, city, and local codes and in accordance with the recommendations presented herein.

6.1 Seismic Design Considerations
Faulting/Seismic Design Parameters
Research of available maps published by the California Geological Survey (CGS) indicates that the subject site is not located within an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone. The potential for fault rupture through the site is, therefore, considered to be low. The site may however be subject to strong groundshaking during seismic activity. In accordance with ASCE 7, Chapter 20, a Site Classification D is recommended for this site based upon the mapped geological features of the site also verified by test borings.

According to the maps of known active fault near-source zones to be used with the CBC, the San Jose and Sierra Madre faults are the closest known active faults and located about 2.8 and 3.6 miles from the site, respectively. These faults would probably generate the most severe site ground motions at the site with an anticipated maximum moment magnitude (Mw) of 6.9.

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1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
Project No. 2G-2104006

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The proposed structure should be designed in accordance with the current versions of the: California Building Code (CBC), Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures ASCE 7, and applicable local codes. The following values are determined by using the web-based SEAOC/OSHPD Seismic Design Map Tool and CBC 2019 and ASCE 7-16, respectively.

CBC 2019, Earthquake Loads
Site Class Definition (Table 20.3-1) D
Mapped Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, Ss for 0.2 second 1.656 Mapped Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, S1 for 1.0 second 0.614 Site Coefficient, Fa short period) 1.0
Site Coefficient, Fv 1-second period) 1.7
Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, SMS 1.656 Adjusted Maximum Considered Earthquake Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, SM1 1.044 Design Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, SDS 1.104 Design Spectral Response Acceleration Parameter, SD1 0.696 Liquefaction
Our review of the published seismic hazard maps and historic high groundwater elevation indicates that the subject site is not with a designated liquefaction area and therefore a specific study to determine liquefaction potential was not deemed necessary.

6.2 Site Development Recommendations
The recommendations for site development as subsequently described are based upon the conditions encountered at the test boring locations.

Site Clearing
Clearing and demolition operations should include the removal of all landscape vegetation and existing structural features such as building footings and floor slabs, asphaltic concrete pavement, and concrete walkways within the area of the proposed new buildings and site improvements.

Existing pavement within areas of proposed development should be removed or processed to a maximum 3-inch size and stockpiled for use as compacted fill or stabilizing material for the new development. Processed asphalt may be used as fill, sub-base course material, or subgrade stabilization material beyond the building perimeter. Processed concrete or existing base may be used as fill, sub-base course material, or subgrade stabilization material both within and outside of the building perimeter. Due to the moisture sensitivity and variable support characteristics of the site soils, the pavement is recommended to remain in-place as long as possible to help protect the

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Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
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subgrade from construction traffic disturbance. All soils disturbed by the demolition of the existing improvements should be removed and/or compacted to provide a competent subgrade, as determined by the project geotechnical engineer.

Should any unusual soil conditions or subsurface structures be encountered during clearing/demolition operations or during grading, they should be brought to the immediate attention of the project geotechnical consultant for corrective recommendations.

Existing Utilities
All existing utilities should be located. Utilities that are not reused should be capped off and properly abandoned in-place in accordance with local codes and ordinances or removed. The excavations made for removed utilities that are in the influence zone of new construction are recommended to be backfilled with structural compacted fill. Underground utilities, which are to be reused or abandoned in-place, are recommended to be evaluated by the structural engineer and utility backfill is recommended to be evaluated by the geotechnical engineer, to determine their potential effect on the new development. If any existing utilities are to be preserved, construction operations must be carefully performed so as not to disturb or damage the existing utility.

Building Area
Due to the presence of variable strength onsite soils including existing fill and possible fill to an depths of about 6 feet, and the likely disturbance of the subgrade during demolition operations, it is recommended that the soils within the proposed new three-story building area, and an appropriate distance beyond (5 feet minimum where possible), be over-excavated to a depth of at least 1 feet below bottom of foundations and floor slab, and to the depth required to remove soil disturbed during demolition, whichever is deeper. The soils exposed at the base of this recommended over-excavation should be examined by the geotechnical engineer to document that the soils are suitable for building support. Prior to placement of fill, the exposed surfaces approved for fill placement should be scarified to an approximate depth of at least 6 to 8 inches, moisture conditioned to the recommended moisture content and then recompacted to at least 90% of the soil’s maximum dry density as determined by Modified Proctor (ASTM D 1557). A representative of the project geotechnical consultant should be present on site during grading operations to verify proper placement and adequate compaction of subgrade and all fills.

Positive drainage devices such as sloped concrete flatwork, earth swales and sheet flow gradients in landscape area, perimeter flow-through planter, and surface drain system should be designed for the site. The drainage system should drain to a suitable discharge area away from the structures. The purpose of this drainage system is to reduce water infiltration into the subgrade soils and to direct water away from buildings and site improvements.

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Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
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All utility trench backfill should be placed in lifts no greater than 8 inches in thickness, moisture conditioned and then compacted in-place to a minimum relative compaction of 90 percent of the soil’s maximum density. A representative of the project geotechnical engineer should observe and test the backfills to document adequacy of compaction.

Proofroll and Compact Subgrade
Following over-excavation and lowering of site grades, where necessary, the subgrades within the proposed pavement and building areas should be proofrolled in the presence of the geotechnical engineer with appropriate rubber-tire mounted heavy construction equipment or a loaded truck to detect very loose/soft yielding soil which should be removed to a stable subgrade. Following proofrolling and completion of any necessary additional over-excavation, the subgrade should be scarified to a minimum depth of 6 to 8 inches, moisture conditioned or air dried as recommended, and recompacted to at least 90 percent of the Modified Proctor (ASTM D1557) maximum density. The upper 1 foot of the pavement subgrade should have minimum in-place density of at least 95% of the maximum dry density. Low areas and excavations may then be backfilled in lifts with suitable very low expansive (EI < 21) structural compacted fill. The selection, placement and compaction of structural fill should be performed in accordance with the project specifications.

The Guide Specifications included in Appendix D (Modified Proctor) of this report are recommended to be used, at a minimum, as an aid in developing the project specifications. The floor slab subgrade may need to be recompacted prior to slab construction due to weather and equipment traffic effects on the previously compacted soil.

Reuse of On-site Soil
On-site very low expansive soil (EI < 21) may be used as structural compacted fill provided they do not contain oversized materials and significant quantities of organic matter or other deleterious materials. Care should be used in controlling the moisture content of the soils to achieve proper compaction for load bearing. All subgrade soil compaction as well as the selection, placement and compaction of new fill soils should be performed in accordance with the project specifications under engineering controlled conditions.

Import Structural Fill
Any soils imported to the site for use as structural fill should consist of very low expansive soils (EI < 21). Material designated for import should be submitted to the project geotechnical engineer for evaluation no less than three working days prior to import.

In addition to expansion criteria, soils imported to the site should exhibit adequate shear strength characteristics for the recommended allowable soil bearing pressure; soluble sulfate content and corrosivity; and pavement support characteristics.

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Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
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Subgrade Protection
The near surface soils that are expected to comprise the subgrade are sensitive to water and disturbance from construction activities. Unstable soil conditions will develop if these soils are exposed to moisture increases or are disturbed (rutted) by construction traffic. The site should be graded to prevent water from ponding within construction areas and/or flowing into excavations.

Accumulated water must be removed immediately along with any unstable soil. Foundation concrete should be placed and excavations backfilled as soon as possible to protect the bearing grade. The degree of subgrade instability and associated remedial construction is dependent, in part, upon precautions taken by the contractor to protect the subgrade during site development.

Silt fences or other appropriate erosion control devices should be installed in accordance with local, state and federal requirements at the perimeter of the development areas to control erosion. Since silt fences or other erosion control measures are temporary structures, careful and continuous monitoring and periodic maintenance to remove accumulated soil and/or replacement should be expected.

Fill Placement
Material for engineered fill should be select free of organic material, debris, and other deleterious substances, possess a very low expansive potential (EI < 21) and should not contain fragments greater than 3 inches in maximum dimension. On-site excavated soils that meet these requirements may be used to backfill the excavated building pad and pavement areas.

All fill should be placed in 8-inch-thick maximum loose lifts, moisture conditioned above the soil’s optimum moisture content, and then compacted in place to at least 90 percent of the Modified Proctor maximum density, and in accordance with the enclosed “Guide Structural Fill Specifications”.

The upper 12 inches of subgrade material within pavement areas should be moisture conditioned slightly above the soil’s optimum moisture content, and then compacted in place to at least 90 percent of the Modified Proctor maximum density, and in accordance with the enclosed “Guide Structural Fill Specifications”. A representative of the project geotechnical engineer should be present on-site during grading operations to verify proper placement and compaction of all fill, as well as to verify compliance with the other geotechnical recommendations presented herein.

6.3 Construction Considerations
Construction Dewatering
As mentioned previously, groundwater was not encountered during our subsurface investigation.

However, the site may be susceptible to the development of shallow perched water conditions. In the event that shallow perched water is encountered, filter sump pumps placed within pits in the bottoms of excavations are expected to be the most feasible method of construction dewatering.

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Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
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Soil Excavation
Some slope stability problems should be expected in steep, unbraced excavations considering the nature of the subsoils. All excavations must be performed in accordance with CAL-OSHA requirements, which is the responsibility of the contractor. Shallow excavations may be adequately sloped for bank stability while deeper excavations or excavations where adequate back sloping cannot be performed may require some form of external support such as shoring or bracing.

6.4 Foundation Recommendations
Upon completion of the recommended building pad preparation, the proposed structures may be supported by a shallow foundation system underlain by a minimum 1 foot thick structural fill layer.

Footings or part of the mat/slab that will support the bearing walls and isolated columns may be designed for a maximum, net, allowable soil-bearing pressure of 3,000 pounds per square foot (psf).

Structural loads supported by a mat/slab may be designed for a maximum modulus of subgrade reaction (ks) of 90 pounds per square inch per inch (psi/in.). Minimum footing and grade beam widths are recommended to be 18 and 24 inches for walls and columns, respectively, regardless of the calculated soil bearing pressure. The recommended allowable soil bearing pressure and modulus may be increased by one-third for short term wind and/or seismic loads.

Reinforcing
The design of the foundations and the determination of the steel reinforcing should be performed by the project structural engineer.

Lateral Load Resistance
Lateral load resistance will be developed by a combination of friction acting at the base of foundations and slabs and the passive earth pressure developed by footings below grade. Passive pressure and friction may be used in combination, without reduction, in determining the total resistance to lateral loads.

A coefficient of friction of 0.40 may be used with dead load forces for footings placed on newly placed compacted fill soil. An allowable passive earth pressure of 250 psf per foot of footing depth (pcf) below the lowest adjacent grade may be used for the sides of footings placed against newly placed structural fill. The maximum recommended allowable passive pressure is 2,000 psf.

Bearing Material Criteria
Structural fill placed and compacted under engineering controlled conditions continuous from suitable native soils are considered to be suitable for direct foundation support. Soil suitable to serve as the subgrade for placement of structural fill within the zone of foundation influence should exhibit at least a loose relative density (average N value of at least 8) for non-cohesive soils or possess a stiff consistency (average unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tsf) for cohesive soils for the

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Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
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recommended allowable soil bearing pressure. For design and construction estimating purposes, suitable bearing soils are expected to be encountered at the recommended over-excavation depths, following grading. Field testing by the geotechnical engineer within the foundation bearing soils is recommended to document that the foundation support soils possess the minimum strength parameters noted above. Testing may consist of Dynamic Cone Penetration tests (per ASTM Special Publication 399), pocket penetrometer tests or other tests as deemed suitable by the Geotechnical Engineer. If unsuitable bearing soils are encountered, they should be recompacted in-place, if feasible, or excavated to a suitable bearing soil subgrade and to a lateral extent as defined by Item No. 3 of the enclosed Guide Specifications, with the excavation backfilled with structural compacted fill to develop a uniform bearing grade.

Foundation Embedment
The California Building Code (CBC) requires a minimum 12-inch foundation embedment depth.

However, it is recommended that exterior foundations extend at least 18 inches below the adjacent exterior grade for bearing capacity and to provide greater protection of the moisture sensitive bearing soils. Interior footings may be supported at nominal depth below the floor. All footings must be protected against weather and water damage during and after construction, and must be supported by suitable bearing materials.

Estimated Foundation Movement
Post-construction total and differential settlement of a shallow foundation system designed and constructed in accordance with the recommendations provided in this report are estimated to be less than 1 and ½ inch, respectively, for static conditions. The estimated differential movement (1/2 inch) is estimated to occur over a clear span of 20 feet for spread footing foundations and a clear span of 40 feet for a mat foundation.

6.5 Floor Slab Recommendations
Subgrade
The floor slab subgrade should be prepared in accordance with the appropriate recommendations presented in the Site Development Recommendations section of this report. Foundation, utility trenches and other below-slab excavations should be backfilled with structural compacted fill in accordance with the project specifications.

Design (Conventional Slab-On-Grade)
The floor may be designed as a conventional slab-on-grade where the floor is independent of the foundations, or as a mat/slab where the floor also serves as the foundation system. Design parameters for the mat/slab are provided in section 6.4.

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Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
Project No. 2G-2104006

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The ground floor of the proposed structure may be designed and constructed as a conventional slabon-grade where the floor slab is independent of the foundation system. The at-grade floor may be designed as a “Mat on Elastic Foundation” using a Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (ks) of 250 pounds per cubic inch (pci) where the slab provides no structural support for the interior load bearing walls and/or columns. The design of the slab is recommended to be performed by the project structural engineer to ensure proper reinforcing and thickness.

Conventional Slab-On-Grade and Mat/Slab
The floor slab is recommended to be underlain by a 4-inch thick layer of granular base, which is not included as a portion of the recommended structural fill layer recommended in Section 6.2 Building Pad Preparation. A 15-mil synthetic sheet should be placed below the floor slab to serve as a vapor retarder where required to protect moisture sensitive floor coverings (i.e. tile, or carpet, etc.) and control moisture through the floor slab. It is recommended that a structural engineer or architect specify the vapor retarder location with careful consideration of concrete curing and the effects of moisture. The vapor retarder is recommended to be in accordance with ASTM E 1745-97, which is entitled: Standard Specification for Plastic Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Soil or Granular Fill under Concrete Slabs. If materials underlying the synthetic sheet contain sharp, angular particles, a layer of sand approximately 2 inches thick or a geotextile should be provided to protect it from puncture. An additional 2-inch thick layer of sand may be needed between the slab and the vapor retarder to promote proper curing. Proper curing techniques are recommended to reduce the potential for shrinkage cracking and slab curling.

Estimated Slab-on-Grade Settlement
With proper site preparation and construction monitoring, the total and differential settlements of a conventional slab-on-grade, are estimated to be less than ½ and ¼ inches across a 20 foot span, respectively.

6.6 Retaining Wall Recommendations
Due to the planned building layout with partial basement, a retaining wall up to about 10 feet in height, extending north/south along the eastern building wall, will be required. The retained soil height on the partial basement walls on the north and south sides of the building will reduce from 10 feet to zero, from the east to west building walls, respectively, requiring retaining walls on the north and south building lines. Therefore, 3 retaining walls are planned for the building partial basement level on the east, north, and south building lines.

The retaining wall(s) may be designed as conventional reinforced concrete walls supported by spread footings designed for an allowable soil bearing pressure of 3,000 psf. In the areas where the walls onsite exceed 6 feet in height, it is required that increased earth pressures on the walls, due to seismic forces, be evaluated.

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Proposed 3-Story Public Storage Building
1330 East Cypress Street
Covina, California
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Static and Seismic Lateral Earth Pressures
For cantilevered retaining walls (active condition) we recommend an equivalent fluid pressure (EFP) of 35 pcf. For braced or restrained retaining walls (at-rest condition), an EFP of 55 pcf is recommended. For seismic pressures required for walls in excess of 6 feet in height, a seismic increment of 23 pcf is recommended. The seismic increase was calculated using the seismic coefficient, which was ½ of the PGAm (0.77g) for the site determined from the Seismic Design Maps tool from the SEAOC/OSHPD website.

For both active and at-rest conditions the pressure recommended for design is also based on level backfill extending at least 150% of the wall height behind the wall, and surface drainage directed away from the wall.

All walls should also be designed to support any adjacent structural surcharge loads imposed vehicle loading, which is considered to be minimal due to pavement setbacks, in addition to the above recommended earth pressures. On-site soil materials may be used as backfill behind walls, provided they are confirmed to have a very low expansive (EI < 21) characteristic and allow for a drainage layer as discussed in subsequent paragraphs.

A coefficient of friction of 0.40 is recommended for footings placed on newly placed compacted fill soil.

An allowable passive earth pressure of 250 psf per foot of footing depth (pcf) below the lowest adjacent grade may be used for the sides of footings placed against newly placed structural fill. The maximum recommended allowable passive pressure is 2,000 psf.

Drainage and Damp-proofing
Retaining walls are recommended to be designed for drained earth pressures and therefore, adequate drainage should be provided behind the walls. This can be accomplished by installing subdrains at the base of the walls. Wall footing-drains should consist of a system of filter material and perforated pipe. The perforated pipe system should consist of 4-inch diameter, schedule 40, PVC pipe or equivalent, embedded in ¾-inch open graded gravel or crushed rock enveloped in Mirafi 140 geofabric or equivalent. The pipe should be placed at the base of the wall, and then routed to a suitable area for discharge of accumulated water. Backfill behind the wall may consist of free-draining granular on-site materials.

Wall backfill should be protected against infiltration of surface water. Backfill adjacent to walls should be sloped so that surface water drains freely away from the wall and will not pond. Damp-proofing of walls below-grade is recommended to prevent efflorescence.

Wall Backfill
Retaining wall backfill behind the drainage layers should consist of very low expansive soils (EI < 21), as determined by ASTM D 4829 method. Wall backfill should not contain organic material, rubble, debris, and rocks or cemented fragments larger than 3 inches in greatest dimension. A 1 foot thick

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Covina City CouncilDecember 6, 2022

Covina City Council
December 6, 2022