La Verne City Council
October 5, 2026

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Landslide
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12.1.4 Previous Occurrences
The following sections provide a review of previous landslide occurrences in Los Angeles County.

Declarations
Federal Declarations
Between 1954 and 2024, the federal government declared that Los Angeles County experienced 16 disasters (DR) related to landslide.

Table 12-1. Federal Disaster Declarations for Landslide Event Name Disaster Number Declaration Date
Coastal Storms, Mudslides & Flooding DR-547-CA February 2, 1978 Severe Storms, Mudslides & Flooding DR-615-CA February 2, 1980 Rain/Snow/Windstorms, Flooding, Mudslides DR-935-CA February 25, 1992 Fires, Mud/Landslides, Flooding, Soil Erosion DR-1005-CA October 28, 1993 Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Landslides, Mud Flows DR-1044-CA January 10, 1995 Severe Winter Storms, Flooding Landslides, Mud Flow DR-1046-CA March 12, 1995 Wildfires, Flooding, Mudflow and Debris Flow DR-1498-CA October 27, 2003 Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows, and Mudslides DR-1577-CA February 4, 2005 Severe Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and Mud and
Debris Flows
DR-1585-CA April 14, 2005
Wildfires, Flooding, Mud Flows, and Debris Flows DR-1731-CA October 24, 2007 Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, And Debris and Mud
Flows
DR-1884-CA March 8, 2010
Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, and Mudslides DR-4305-CA March 16, 2017 Wildfires, Flooding, Mudflows, and Debris Flows DR-4353-CA January 1, 2018 Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Landslides, and
Mudslides
DR-4683-CA January 14, 2023
Severe Winter Storms, Straight-Line Winds, Flooding,
Landslides, and Mudslides
DR-4699-CA April 3, 2023
Severe Winter Storms, Tornadoes, Flooding,
Landslides, and Mudslides
DR-4769-CA April 13, 2024
Source: (FEMA 2025)

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State Proclamations
Between 1954 and 2024, California included Los Angeles County in six state-proclaimed landslide disasters.

Table 12-2. State Disaster Proclamations for Landslide
Event Name Disaster Number Proclamation Date
Flooding and Landslides - January 5, 1965
1965 Landslides - January 21, 1965
1970 Landslide (Los Angeles) - March 10, 1970
Tropical Storm Kay - September 16, 2022
January 2024 Winter Storms - June 21, 2024
Early February 2024 Storms - February 4, 2024
Sources: (State of California 2023) (Cal OES 2025)
USDA Declarations
Between 2012 and 2024, there have been no USDA agricultural disaster declaration related to landslide for Los Angeles County.

Summary of Significant Events
There are no known significant landslide events within the City of La Verne.

Recent Events
There are no recent landslide events of note within the City of La Verne. However, the California Department of Conservation’s Reported California Landslides database includes incidents in nearby areas (California Department of Conservation 2025). On February 5, 2024, a large boulder fell into the road on I-10 westbound, just east of E Holt Ave, blocking the third lane. On February 6, 2024, a landslide near the SR-60 westbound off-ramp at Diamond Bar Boulevard affected paved roadways. During the same date, a landslide also impacted the Fairplex Drive on-ramp to westbound I-10, where rocks and mud from an adjacent slope partially obstructed the on-ramp.

12.1.5 Future Conditions
Future hazard conditions, including frequency and severity of future events, is discussed in the sections below.

Probability
Mass movements are often triggered by other natural hazards such as earthquakes, heavy rain, floods, or wildfires, so their frequency is often related to the frequency of the precipitating hazards. In the City of La Verne, landslides are rare, but may occur during and after severe

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Landslide
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storms, so the potential for landslides largely coincides with the potential for sequential severe storms that saturate steep, vulnerable soils. Most weather-induced landslides occur in the winter after the water table has risen. Landslides that result from earthquakes can occur at any time.

Climate Change
Climate change may impact storm patterns, increasing the probability of more frequent, intense storms with varying duration. Increase in global temperature is likely to affect the snowpack and its ability to hold and store water. Warming temperatures also could increase the occurrence and duration of droughts, which would increase the probability of wildfire, reducing the vegetation that helps to support steep slopes. Each these factors would increase the probability of landslides.

Potential Future Impacts
According to the California Department of Finance, the population of the greater Los Angeles County region is expected to increase over the next 45 years. The City has limited potential for expansion through annexation, as it is surrounded by other incorporated cities. It is anticipated that future growth in the City will be managed through redevelopment, which creates an opportunity to correct past land use decisions, including development in areas susceptible to landslides. The City will be well-equipped to manage development with its building code, and the Safety Element of its General Plan.

12.2 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Local Plan Requirement B1 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(2)(ii) The plan must include a description of the jurisdiction’s vulnerability to the hazards of concern and include an overall summary of the hazard’s impact on the community. The impacts need to include the types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in the hazard areas, and estimate of potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures, and a description of land uses and development trends.

12.2.1 Summary of Vulnerability
While there have been no significant historic impacts from landslides in the City, and therefore no estimate of losses based on historical damages, there is identified vulnerability in the foothill areas of the City if significant landslides were to occur in the future. About three dozen residents live in the very high landslide hazard area. The potential impacts to buildings in the City are primarily residential vulnerabilities due to predominance residential zoning in

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the foothill areas of La Verne. Water systems are the most vulnerable community lifeline exposed to landslides with 11 in the mapped high hazard area. Summary findings of the risk assessment for landslide are detailed below.

12.2.2 Impact on Life, Health, and Safety
All people exposed to the landslide hazard are potentially vulnerable. Those who have only one means of egress are more vulnerable if evacuation is needed.

Equity Priority Communities
Equity Priority Community members may experience greater impacts from landslides and other earth movements due to a financial inability to react or respond to these events.

Populations with access and functional needs as well as elderly populations and the very young are more vulnerable to the landslide hazards as they may not be able to evacuate quickly enough to avoid the impacts of a landslide. The table below outlines the number of Equity Priority Community members exposed to landslide hazard areas.

Table 12-3. Estimated Number of Total Population and Equity Priority Community Members Exposed to Landslide Hazard Areas
Planning Area Total Population Exposed
Total EPC Population
Exposed
EPC % of
Total Population Exposed
Very High Hazard Area
1st Council District 0 0 0.0%
2nd Council District 0 0 0.0%
3rd Council District 3 0 0.0%
4th Council District 9 0 0.0%
5th Council District 23 23 100.0%
Total 35 23 65.9%
High Hazard Area
1st Council District 47 0 0.0%
2nd Council District 82 0 0.0%
3rd Council District 670 0 0.0%
4th Council District 589 0 0.0%
5th Council District 836 677 80.9%
Total 2,225 677 30.4%
Moderate Hazard Area

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Planning Area Total Population Exposed
Total EPC Population
Exposed
EPC % of
Total Population Exposed
1st Council District 0 0 0.0%
2nd Council District 0 0 0.0%
3rd Council District 1,703 0 0.0%
4th Council District 2,121 0 0.0%
5th Council District 96 96 100.0%
Total 3,920 96 2.4%

12.2.3 Impact on General Building Stock
Table 12-4 presents loss estimates by a percentage of the replacement cost value of structures in La Verne. Exposure estimates for the very high, high, and moderate landslide hazard areas are shown in Table 12-5.

Table 12-4. General Building Stock Replacement Cost Values Planning Area
Total Building
Value
(Structure and
Contents)
10% of Total
Building Value
30% of Total
Building Value
50% of Total
Building Value
Very High Hazard Area
1st Council District $0 $0 $0 $0
2nd Council District $0 $0 $0 $0
3rd Council District $616,740 $61,674 $185,022 $308,370 4th Council District $3,946,722 $394,672 $1,184,016 $1,973,361 5th Council District $2,121,737 $212,174 $636,521 $1,060,869 Total $6,685,199 $668,520 $2,005,560 $3,342,600
High Hazard Area
1st Council District $8,795,868 $879,587 $2,638,760 $4,397,934 2nd Council District $36,881,511 $3,688,151 $11,064,453 $18,440,755 3rd Council District $142,300,109 $14,230,011 $42,690,033 $71,150,055 4th Council District $143,484,171 $14,348,417 $43,045,251 $71,742,086 5th Council District $78,797,864 $7,879,786 $23,639,359 $39,398,932 Total $410,259,523 $41,025,952 $123,077,857 $205,129,762 Moderate Hazard Area
1st Council District $0 $0 $0 $0

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Planning Area
Total Building
Value
(Structure and
Contents)
10% of Total
Building Value
30% of Total
Building Value
50% of Total
Building Value
2nd Council District $0 $0 $0 $0
3rd Council District $363,627,800 $36,362,780 $109,088,340 $181,813,900 4th Council District $532,357,940 $53,235,794 $159,707,382 $266,178,970 5th Council District $8,490,208 $849,021 $2,547,062 $4,245,104 Total $904,475,948 $90,447,595 $271,342,784 $452,237,974 Table 12-5. Exposure Estimates for Landslide Hazard Areas Planning Area Structure Contents Total % of Total Value Very High Hazard Area
1 st Council District $0 $0 $0 0.0%
2 nd Council District $0 $0 $0 0.0%
3 rd Council District $411,160 $205,580 $616,740 0.0%
4 th Council District $2,239,779 $1,706,942 $3,946,722 0.3% 5 th Council District $1,414,491 $707,246 $2,121,737 0.1% Total $4,065,431 $2,619,768 $6,685,199 0.1%
High Hazard Area
1 st Council District $5,863,912 $2,931,956 $8,795,868 0.6% 2 nd Council District $20,449,730 $16,431,781 $36,881,511 2.2% 3 rd Council District $94,866,739 $47,433,370 $142,300,109 11.1% 4 th Council District $95,656,114 $47,828,057 $143,484,171 9.4% 5 th Council District $49,257,533 $29,540,331 $78,797,864 2.3% Total $266,094,029 $144,165,494 $410,259,523 4.4%
Moderate Hazard Area
1 st Council District $0 $0 $0 0.0%
2 nd Council District $0 $0 $0 0.0%
3 rd Council District $241,164,423 $122,463,377 $363,627,800 28.2% 4 th Council District $353,575,374 $178,782,566 $532,357,940 34.9% 5 th Council District $5,660,139 $2,830,069 $8,490,208 0.3% Total $600,399,936 $304,076,012 $904,475,948 9.7%

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Table 12-6. Structures by Occupancy Class in Landslide Hazard Areas Planning Area
ResidentialCommercialIndustrialAgricultureReligionGovernmentEducationTotal Very High Hazard Area
1 st Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 nd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 rd Council District 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
4 th Council District 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
5 th Council District 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Total 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 10
High Hazard Area
1 st Council District 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 14
2 nd Council District 13 4 0 0 0 1 0 18
3 rd Council District 226 0 0 0 0 0 0 226
4 th Council District 199 0 0 0 0 0 0 199
5 th Council District 183 2 1 0 0 0 0 186
Total 635 6 1 0 0 1 0 643
Moderate Hazard Area
1 st Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 nd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 rd Council District 574 2 0 0 0 0 1 577
4 th Council District 717 1 0 0 0 2 0 720
5 th Council District 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 21
Total 1,312 3 0 0 0 2 1 1,218

12.2.4 Impact on Community Lifelines
Refer to Table 12-7 through Table 12-8 for a summary of community lifelines located in or owned by the City of La Verne that are in the high and moderate landslide hazard areas. No community lifelines are located in the very high landslide hazard area.

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Table 12-7. Community Lifelines in High Landslide Hazard Area Planning Area
CommunicationsEnergyFood, Hydration, ShelterHazardous MaterialsHealth and MedicalSafety and SecurityTransportationWater SystemsTotal 1 st Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 nd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 3
3 rd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
4 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5
5 th Council District 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 5
Outside of the City* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
Total 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 11 16
* Sixteen facilities - 2 potable water pump stations, 6 reservoirs, 2 wells and 1 wastewater treatment facility - outside of the City are part of the City's water and wastewater systems.

Table 12-8. Community Lifelines in Moderate Landslide Hazard Area Planning Area
CommunicationsEnergyFood, Hydration, ShelterHazardous MaterialsHealth and MedicalSafety and SecurityTransportationWater SystemsTotal 1 st Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 nd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 rd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 4
4 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3
5 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Outside of the City* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6
Total 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 13 14
* Sixteen facilities - 2 potable water pump stations, 6 reservoirs, 2 wells and 1 wastewater treatment facility - outside of the City are part of the City's water and wastewater systems.

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12.2.5 Impact on the Economy
Large landslides can cause impacts to the economy, including losses from severely damaged or destroyed property and infrastructure, and indirect impacts like disruptions to businesses and supply chains. The three landslide hazard zones (very high, high, and medium) estimate nearly 14 percent of the total replacement cost value of structures in the City, which could result in a nearly 14 percent loss of the tax base for La Verne.

12.2.6 Impact on Historic and Cultural Resources
Landslides can cause damage to historical and cultural resources, ranging from structural damage to buildings and monuments to the destruction of artifacts and archaeological sites, impacting cultural heritage.

12.2.7 Impact on Ecosystems and Natural Resources
Landslides can cause significant environmental impacts by contaminating ecosystems with mud and debris, which can lead to habitat destruction, water contamination, and changes in topography.

12.2.8 Land Uses and Development Trends
New development or redevelopment anywhere in landslide hazard areas exposes that development to the landslide hazard. The safety element of the General Plan establishes standards and plans for the protection of the community from geologic hazards including landslide. The City has established comprehensive policies and actions for land use in landslide hazard areas. Landslide-related policies and actions in the general plan will help to reduce the landslide risk for any future development or re-development in the landslide hazard areas.

12.3 MITIGATION OPPORTUNITIES
Table 12-9 presents a range of potential opportunities for mitigating the landslide hazard.

Table 12-9. Potential Opportunities to Mitigate the Landslide Hazard Community Scale Organizational Scale Government Scale
Manipulate the Hazard
• Stabilize slope (dewater,
armor toe)
• Reduce weight on top of
slope
• Stabilize slope (dewater,
armor toe)
• Stabilize slope (dewater,
armor toe)
• Reduce weight on top of
slope

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Community Scale Organizational Scale Government Scale
• Minimize vegetation removal
and the addition of
impervious surfaces
Reduce Exposure and Vulnerability
• Locate structures outside of
hazard area (off unstable
land and away from sliderun out area)
• Retrofit home
• Locate structures outside of
hazard area (off unstable
land and away from sliderun out area)
• Retrofit at-risk facilities
• Adopt higher regulatory
standards for new
development within unstable
slope areas
• Armor/retrofit critical
infrastructure against the
impact of landslides
Build Local Capacity
• Subscribe to warning
systems, and develop
evacuation plan
• Keep cash reserves for
reconstruction
• Educate yourself on risk
reduction techniques for
landslide hazards
• Institute warning system,
and develop evacuation
plan
• Keep cash reserves for
reconstruction
• Develop a continuity of
operations plan
• Educate employees on the
potential exposure to
landslide hazards and
emergency response
protocol
• Produce better hazard maps
• Provide technical
information and guidance
• Enact tools to help manage
development in hazard
areas: better land controls,
tax incentives, information
• Develop strategy to take
advantage of post-disaster
opportunities
• Warehouse critical
infrastructure components
• Develop and adopt a
continuity of operations plan
• Educate the public on the
landslide hazard and
appropriate risk reduction
alternatives
Nature-Based Opportunities
• Replace or restore native vegetation known to stabilize steep slopes • Hybrid solutions that combine engineering with a nature-based approach using appropriate vegetation

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WILDFIRE
Very High, High & Moderate
Hazard Severity Zones

COMMUNITY

LIFELINES

EXPOSED
8,938
Population Exposed
$1.95 B
Building Structure &
Contents Exposed
1,635
Buildings Exposed Overall Risk Ranking
2 2
8

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Wildfire
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13. WILDFIRE

13.1 HAZARD PROFILE
Local Plan Requirement B1 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(2)(i)
Include a description of the type, location, and extent for the identified hazards of concern and include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and the probability of future hazard events.

13.1.1 Description of the Hazard
Defining the Hazard
A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire occurring on undeveloped or developed land that requires fire suppression. Wildfires can be ignited by natural forces such as lightning, or by human activity such as smoking, campfires, equipment use, and arson. Wildfire can also be ignited by the transport of burning embers by high winds miles away from the initial ignition source.

The potential for significant damage to life and property exists in or close proximity to areas designated as “wildland/urban interface areas,” where development is adjacent to densely vegetated areas.

Cause of the Hazard
One of the most significant factors is climate change. Warmer temperatures, reduced precipitation or a changed rainfall season and longer fire seasons have dried out California’s landscapes, increasing the potential for ignition and rapid fire spread. Extended periods of drought further exacerbate the issue. Dry vegetation becomes ready to ignite with the slightest spark. These changes have contributed to an annual average burned area in 2020- 2023 that is three times higher than in the 2010s.

While some fires are fuel-dominated due to century-long fire suppression and changes in land management, others are wind-dominated, particularly in southern California, like the recent Los Angeles wildfires. Winds like Santa Ana and Diablo winds act as accelerants for wildfires. These strong, dry gusts push flames across vast distances, spreading fires at an alarming rate. Combined with already dry conditions, these winds make controlling wildfires exceptionally challenging.

Wildfire spreads include phases of ignition, active spread, fully developed and decay. During the ignition phase, wildfires can be sparked by natural causes, such as lightning, or human activities like power line failures or campfires. Approximately 84 percent of wildfires in the

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United States are caused by human activities. Early detection of ignition would be the most critical but challenging thing to minimize the fire’s impact.

The active spread phase is when the fire begins to grow rapidly, driven by dry vegetation, extreme winds and terrain. Fires in California have been found to spread up to 14 times faster under high winds, like the Santa Ana winds, which exacerbate fire intensity and movement.

High winds not only accelerate the fire’s spread but also carry embers and firebrands over long distances, igniting new spot fires far ahead of the main fire. These flying embers can travel up to a mile or more, making it difficult to predict and contain the fire’s advance.

Firefighting and resource coordination during this phase is challenging as high winds can hinder the deployment of aerial resources, such as water-dropping helicopters and firefighting planes.

In the fully developed phase, the fire reaches its peak intensity, consuming significant fuel and spreading aggressively. Extreme heat from wildfires can create pyrocumulonimbus clouds, which can spark new fires miles away. These clouds can exacerbate fire spread by generating erratic winds and even sparking new fires through lightning strikes.

In the decay phase, fire intensity decreases as it runs out of fuel or is under control. However, lingering hotspots can reignite under the favoring conditions.

Summary of Potential Impacts
California wildfires have devastating impacts, including loss of life, homes, and livelihoods, along with significant environmental and economic consequences, including air and water quality issues, and increased mental health challenges.

Human Impacts
• Loss of Life and Property-Wildfires can cause fatalities and destroy homes, businesses, and infrastructure.
• Displacement and Evacuation-Hundreds to thousands of people are forced to evacuate their homes, leading to temporary or long-term displacement. • Air Quality Issues-Wildfire smoke contains harmful pollutants that can exacerbate respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, and even lead to premature death. • Mental Health Impacts-The trauma and uncertainty associated with wildfires can lead to increased rates of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. • Economic Costs-Wildfires cause significant economic losses, including property damage, business closures, and increased insurance premiums.

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Environmental Impacts
• Air Pollution-Wildfire smoke releases pollutants into the atmosphere, impacting air quality and human health both locally and downwind.
• Water Quality Issues-Ash and debris from fires can contaminate water sources, and burned watersheds are prone to increased flooding and erosion. • Habitat Loss and Ecosystem Changes-Wildfires can destroy forests and other habitats, leading to changes in vegetation and wildlife populations. • Marine Ecosystems-Firefighting runoff and ash can enter coastal waters, potentially harming marine life and ecosystems.
• Soil Erosion-Burned areas are more vulnerable to erosion, which can lead to landslides and further damage to the environment.

Economic Impacts
• Property and Capital Losses-Wildfires can cause billions of dollars in property damage and economic losses.
• Increased Insurance Premiums-The cost of wildfires can lead to higher insurance premiums or even un-insurability for homeowners and businesses. • Tourism Impacts-Wildfires can disrupt tourism and negatively impact local economies.
• Supply Chain Disruptions-Wildfires can disrupt transportation and supply chains, leading to shortages and price increases.

Cascading Hazard Impacts
Wildfires can generate a range of secondary effects, which in some cases may cause more widespread and prolonged damage than the fire itself. A major fire can lead to ancillary effects such as landslides in steep ravine areas and flooding due to the effects of silt in local watersheds. Wildfires cause the contamination of reservoirs, destroy transmission lines and contribute to flooding. They strip slopes of vegetation, exposing them to greater amounts of runoff. This in turn can weaken soils and cause failures on slopes, sometimes several years after a wildfire.

Impacts from Smoke
Wildfires can have a significant effect on air quality, especially with prolonged periods of burning combined with climatic conditions. Smoke generated by wildfire consists of visible and invisible emissions that contain particulate matter (soot, tar, water vapor, and minerals), gases (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides), and toxics (formaldehyde,

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benzene). Emissions from wildfires depend on the type of fuel, the moisture content of the fuel, the efficiency (or temperature) of combustion, and the weather.

The danger of wildfire smoke comes primarily from particulate matter, consisting of fine particles that are 2.5 micrometers (about a ten-thousandth of an inch) or less in diameter (PM2.5). On a given day, California wildfires can produce 10 times more PM2.5 air pollution than is produced by all other pollution sources combined (Associated Press 2020). The small particles in PM2.5 pollution are capable of reaching deep into the lungs, causing a host of complications, including significantly increased risks of heart disease, respiratory disease, asthma, and premature mortality. Health problems related to wildfire smoke exposure can be as mild as eye and respiratory tract irritation and as serious as worsening of heart and lung disease, including asthma, and even death. Smoke from wildfires that burn homes and other structures can additionally contain toxic materials such as asbestos and heavy metals.

Studies indicate that wildfire smoke is up to 10 times more harmful than other forms of PM2.5 pollution (Aguilera, et al. 2021).

Not all individuals are equally exposed to the hazard of wildfire smoke, nor are they equally vulnerable. Outdoor workers and unhoused individuals have especially high exposure to outdoor air, and younger individuals are especially vulnerable to unhealthy air. On November 15, 2018, over 1 million California children had classes canceled due to wildfires and wildfire smoke (Holm, Miller and Balmes 2020). Because PM2.5 pollution affects the immune and cardiovascular systems, other vulnerable populations include people with medical conditions, including diabetes and heart and lung conditions. These vulnerable populations together represent a significant fraction of the California population and indicate inequity in impacts.

At least 95 percent of Californians suffered unhealthy levels of particle pollution due to wildfires in 2020 (Los Angeles Times 2020). Worse air quality leads to illnesses, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations for chronic health conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory and cardiovascular conditions as well as increased risk for respiratory infections, which all result in greater health costs to the State (Romley, Hackbarth and Goldman 2010, Wang, Aaron and Madrigano 2019, Inserro 2018).

Wildfire Protection Responsibility in California
Hundreds of local, state, and federal agencies have fire protection responsibility for wildfires in California. In many instances, two organizations have dual primary responsibility on the same parcel of land—one for wildfire protection, and the other for structural or

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“improvement” fire protection. To address wildfire jurisdictional responsibilities, the California state legislature adopted legislation establishing the following responsibility areas:
• Federal Responsibility Areas (FRAs)—FRAs are fire-prone wildland areas that are owned or managed by a federal agency such as the US Forest Service, National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, or US Department of Defense. Primary financial and rule-making jurisdictional authority rests with the federal land agency. In many instances, FRAs are interspersed with private land ownership or leases. Fire protection for developed private property is usually not the responsibility of the federal land management agency; structural protection responsibility is that of a local government agency.
• State Responsibility Areas (SRAs)—SRAs are lands in California where CAL FIRE has legal and financial responsibility for wildfire protection and where CAL FIRE administers fire hazard classifications and building standard regulations. SRAs are defined as lands that meet the following criteria:
o Are county unincorporated areas
o Are not federally owned
o Have wildland vegetation cover rather than agricultural or ornamental plants o Have watershed or range/forage value
o Have housing densities not exceeding three units per acre Where SRAs contain built environment or development, the responsibility for fire protection of those improvements (non-wildland) is that of a local government agency. • Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs)—LRAs include land in cities, cultivated agriculture lands, non-flammable areas in unincorporated areas, and lands that do not meet the criteria for SRA or FRA. LRA fire protection is typically provided by city fire departments, fire protection districts, and counties, or by CAL FIRE under contract to local governments. LRAs may include flammable vegetation and areas where the financial and jurisdictional responsibility for improvement and wildfire protection is that of a local government agency.

State law requires local governments to update the safety elements in their general plans to recognize wildfire risks in SRAs and “Very High” Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZs) (based on statewide criteria). The safety element must include information and policies on unreasonable risk from potential hazards, including fire. The state encourages integration among jurisdictions to enhance mitigation and prevention efforts.

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13.1.2 Location
California’s seasonally dry Mediterranean climate lends itself to wildfires, and in an effort to better prepare, CAL FIRE is required to classify the severity of fire hazard in areas of California.

The State Fire Marshal is mandated to classify lands within both State Responsibility Areas and Local Responsibility Areas into FHSZs. FHSZs fall into one of the following classifications:
• Moderate
• High
• Very High
The FHSZ maps are developed using a science-based and field-tested model that assigns a hazard score based on the factors that influence fire likelihood and fire behavior. Many factors are considered such as fire history, existing and potential fuel (natural vegetation), predicted flame length, blowing embers, terrain, and typical fire weather for the area.

The California laws that require FHSZs include California Public Resources Code 4201-4204, California Code of Regulations Title 14, Section 1280 and California Government Code 51175-

89. Figure 13-1 shows the FHSZ mapped by CAL FIRE within the City of La Verne.

13.1.3 Extent
Measuring Intensity
Fire intensity describes the energy released from the fire or characteristics of the fire behavior such as flame length and rate of spread. A widely used measure of fire intensity is fire line intensity, which is the rate of heat transfer per unit length of the fire line (measured in kW m−1) and represents the radiant energy release in the flaming front. Fireline intensity is a good measure of how likely the fire is to propagate and how difficult it will be to stop, and thus, it is a critical component of fire behavior models used to inform fire suppression activities. Very seldom is fire line intensity actually measured, rather it is generally inferred based on flame length, which has been found to correlate with fire line intensity; however, this correlation has not been widely tested.

Factors that influence wildfire intensity include the following:
• Fuel: The type, amount, and moisture content of vegetation (fuel) significantly impact intensity.
• Topography: Steep slopes and canyons can concentrate wind and fuel, increasing intensity.
• Weather: Hot, dry, and windy conditions exacerbate fire intensity.

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Understanding wildfire intensity is important because it can aid planners and first responders as follows:
• Fire behavior prediction: Intensity helps predict how a fire will spread and behave. • Fire suppression strategies: Understanding intensity is crucial for determining the most effective firefighting tactics.
• Risk assessment: Intensity helps assess the potential danger to communities and ecosystems.

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Figure 13-1. City of La Verne Fire Hazard Severity Zones

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Warning Time
Wildfires are often caused by humans, intentionally or accidentally. There is no way to predict when one might break out. Since fireworks often cause brush fires, extra diligence is warranted around the Fourth of July when the use of fireworks is highest. Dry seasons and droughts are factors that greatly increase fire likelihood. Dry lightning may trigger wildfires.

Severe weather can be predicted, so special attention can be paid during weather events that may include lightning. Reliable NWS lightning warnings are available on average 24 to 48 hours prior to a significant electrical storm.

The most common and effective methods used currently to detect wildfires in California are remote sensing and satellite monitoring. Satellites like NASA’s MODIS and VIIRS provide realtime data on fire location, size, and intensity. These tools help identify new ignitions and monitor fire progression, even in remote areas. Thermal imaging from drones and groundbased radar complements satellite data, offering high-resolution insights for on-the-ground operations. California is also using an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered wildfire detection system using AI to train a forest-based camera network to recognize early signs of fire (https://alertcalifornia.org/).

There have been many controlled or prescribed burns implemented to reduce excess vegetation, like thinning dense forests and clearing underbrush, to mitigate fire severity.

There have been robotics companies starting to try out these controlled burns with the help of robots, like the BurnBot. Autonomous helicopters, like the modified Black Hawk equipped with Sikorsky’s MATRIX autonomy, have demonstrated the ability to detect and suppress fires independently.

Additionally, computational models, such as ELMFIRE with wildland-urban interface extensions, simulate fire spread through communities. These tools incorporate data on vegetation, structure materials and fire dynamics to reconstruct past events and predict future risks.

Worst-Case Scenario
The worst-case scenario just recently occurred within Los Angeles County in early 2025.

The Palisades Fire-The Palisades Fire was a highly destructive wildfire that began burning in the Santa Monica Mountains of Los Angeles County on January 7, 2025, which grew to destroy large areas of Pacific Palisades, Topanga, and Malibu before it was fully contained after 24 days on January 31. One of a series of wildfires in Southern California driven by hurricaneforce Santa Ana winds, it burned 23,707 acres (9,594 ha; 95.94 km2; 37.042 sq mi), killed 12 people, and destroyed 6,837 structures, making it the tenth-deadliest and third-most

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destructive California wildfire on record and the most destructive to occur in the history of the city of Los Angeles.

The Eaton Fire-The Eaton Fire was a highly destructive wildfire in Los Angeles County, Southern California. The fire began on the evening of January 7, 2025, in the Eaton Canyon in the San Gabriel Mountains, and was driven by powerful Santa Ana winds into foothill communities, particularly Altadena. The fire killed at least 17 people and destroyed more than 9,000 buildings, becoming the fifth deadliest and the second most destructive wildfire in California history. The cause of the fire is under investigation; news reports and lawsuits have focused on the possible involvement of power lines operated by electrical utility Southern California Edison. The fire was fully contained on January 31 after burning for 24 days.

Both fires are examples of how wildfires can spread into areas not to be considered at risk due to the transport of burning embers by high velocity, warm air winds. With the City of La Verne’s close proximity to very high fire hazard severity zones, it is easy to see how either of these scenarios could occur within the City of La Verne under specific circumstances.

13.1.4 Previous Occurrences
The following sections provide a review of previous wildfire occurrences in Los Angeles County.

Declarations
Federal Declarations
Between 1970 and 2025, The federal government declared that Los Angeles County experienced 56 disasters (DR) or emergencies (EM).

Table 13-1. Federal Disaster Declarations for Wildfire
Event Name Disaster Number Event Date(s)
Forest & Brush Fires DR-295-CA September 29, 1970
Brush Fires EM-3067-CA October 29, 1978
Brush & Timber Fires DR-635-CA November 27, 1980
Fires DR-872-CA June 26, 1990
Fire During a Period of Civil Unrest DR-942-CA April 29, 1992 Fires, Mud/Landslides, Flooding, Soil Erosion DR-1005-CA October 26, 1993 Severe Firestorms EM-3120-CA October 21, 1996
Williams Fire FM-2464-CA September 22, 2002
Leona Fire FM-2462-CA September 3, 2002
CA - Copper Fire - 06-06-2002 FM-2417-CA June 5, 2002

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Event Name Disaster Number Event Date(s)
CA - Wildfire (Pacific Fire) - 01-06-2003 FM-2466-CA January 6, 2003 CA-Crown Wildfire-07-21-2004 FM-2535-CA July 20, 2004
CA-Foothill Wildfire-07-18-2004 FM-2534-CA July 17, 2004 CA - Pine Fire - 7-13-2004 FM-2528-CA July 12, 2004
CA-Verdale Fire 10-25-2003 FM-2502-CA October 20, 2003
Wildfires, Flooding, Mudflow and Debris Flow DR-1498-CA October 21, 2003 Topanga Fire FM-2583-CA September 28, 2005
Canyon Fire FM-2708-CA July 7, 2007
Island Fire FM-2694-CA May 10, 2007
Griffith Park Fire FM-2691-CA May 8, 2007
Wildfires EM-3279-CA October 21, 2007
Santa Anita Fire FM-2763-CA April 26, 2008
Ranch Fire FM-2736-CA October 20, 2007
Buckweed Fire FM-2733-CA October 21, 2007
Canyon Fire FM-2732-CA October 21, 2007
Wildfires, Flooding, Mud Flows, and Debris Flows DR-1731-CA October 21, 2007 Station Fire FM-2830-CA August 27, 2009
Pv Fire FM-2828-CA August 27, 2009
Freeway Fire Complex FM-2792-CA November 15, 2008
Sayre Fire FM-2791-CA November 14, 2008
Sesnon Fire FM-2789-CA October 13, 2008
Marek Fire FM-2788-CA October 12, 2008
Wildfires DR-1810-CA November 13, 2008
Crown Fire FM-2851-CA July 29, 2010
Powerhouse Fire FM-5025-CA May 31, 2013
Colby Fire FM-5051-CA January 16, 2014
Sand Fire FM-5135-CA July 22, 2016
Sage Fire FM-5132-CA July 9, 2016
Fish Fire FM-5129-CA June 20, 2016
Old Fire FM-5124-CA June 4, 2016
La Tuna Fire FM-5201-CA September 1, 2017
Rye Fire FM-5226-CA December 5, 2017
Creek Fire FM-5225-CA December 5, 2017
Wildfires, Flooding, Mudflows, and Debris Flows DR-4353-CA December 4, 2017 Wildfires EM-3396-CA December 4, 2017
Woolsey Fire FM-5280-CA November 8, 2018
Wildfires DR-4407-CA November 8, 2018
Wildfires EM-3409-CA November 8, 2018
Bobcat Fire FM-5374-CA September 13, 2020
Wildfires DR-4569-CA September 4, 2020

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Event Name Disaster Number Event Date(s)
Bridge Fire FM-5537-CA September 10, 2024
Hurst Fire FM-5551-CA January 7, 2025
Eaton Fire FM-5550-CA January 7, 2025
Palisades Fire FM-5549-CA January 7, 2025
Franklin Fire FM-5548-CA December 10, 2024
Wildfires and Straight-Line Winds DR-4856-CA January 7, 2025 Source: (FEMA 2025)
State Proclamations
Between 1954 and 2025, California included Los Angeles County in 19 state-proclaimed wildfires disasters that were not declared as Federal disasters as noted in Table 14-2.

Table 13-2. State Disaster Proclamations for Wildfire
Event Name Disaster Number Proclamation Date
Newton Fires (Monrovia Fires) 58-01 1/3/1958
1960 Major Fires - 7/21-22/60
Weldon Fire - 3/16/1964
Woodson Fire - 1/7/1967
1973 Fires - 7/16/1973
1975 Fires - 11/24/1975
1979 Fires - 9/28/79, 9/21/79, 9/20/79
Dayton Hills Fire 82-08 10/10/1982
Fires (Los Angeles) 88-03 12/9/1988
1988 Fires 87-07 5/88
1996 Severe Fires 96-04 10/22/1996
Williams Fire 2002-01 10/10/2002
I-5 Major Collision Fire 2007-13 2 10/14/2007
2009 Los Angeles County Wildfires 2009-05 8/28/2009
Skirball Fire 2017-12 12/7/2017
Saddleridge Fire 2020-02 10/19/2019
Tick Fire FM-5296 10/24/2019
Getty Fire FM-5297 10/28/2019
Fire – Slater, Bobcat, Oak N-81-20 9/25/2020
Source: 2023 CA State Hard Mitigation Plan, Appendix F (https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wpcontent/uploads/Hazard-Mitigation/Documents/2023-California-SHMP_Volume-2-Appendix-F_12.15.2023.pdf) Probability
With 56 Presidential Disaster declarations in 55 years (1970 to 2025) and an additional 19 state proclaimed wildfire disasters in 61 years (1958 to 2019) the annual probability for wildfire events within the region would be 1 year based on past events. It is important note that none

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the fires noted above occurred within the City of La Verne proper. However, it is more than likely that the city experienced impacts from most if not all fires noted to some degree, be it smoke impacts, power outages, transportation interruption of other associated economic impacts. Considering risk potential associated with ember-casting by high winds and La Verne’s close proximity to very-high fire hazard severity zones, the city’s exposure to wildfire risks annually would be considered to be high.

13.1.5 Future Conditions
Future hazard conditions, including frequency and severity of future events, is discussed in the sections below.

Probability
Due to fuel buildup following a century of fire exclusion, a lengthened fire season predicted by many climate change models, forest management practices which removed many of the older, larger trees, and massive tree die-off following epidemic bark beetle infestations, fires in mixed-conifer forests are likely to continue to grow in both size and intensity (Steel, Safford and Viers 2015) (Wayman and Safford 2021).

Climate Change and Potential Future Impacts
According to California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, California is likely to see a 50 percent increase in fires larger than 25,000 acres as well as a 77 percent increase in average area burned by 2100. Numerous climactic drivers will influence wildfire risk differently between California regions:
• Increasing Temperatures: Wildfire risk in the Southern California region is rising in tandem with increasing temperatures. Further upstate, in the Sacramento, Sierra Nevada, and North Coast regions, forests that experience drought are also more susceptible to wildfire. High heat not only influences fire risk directly but can also produce indirect impacts. For instance, in the San Joaquin Valley, where fire hazard is typically low, warming temperatures will likely worsen air quality due to extended agriculture fallowing. This, in turn, can exacerbate health impacts from wildfire smoke. • Shifting Wind Patterns: The Santa Ana, Sundowner, and Diablo winds will continue to shape wildfire activity across Southern, Central, and Northern California, respectively.

Modelers are still working to determine how these wind events will be impacted by climate change.
• Shifting Water Patterns: Climate change will cause shifting water patterns that can impact wildfire risk across the state. In the inland desert, the potential weakening of the North American Monsoon signal could reduce the threat of fire starts due to

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lightning. Changing patterns of rainfall will impact plant growth in the desert, thereby altering the amount of fuel for fires. Mediterranean ecosystems along the central coast have a similar response to water availability since they are situated in a transition zone. In Southern California, meanwhile, changing precipitation will factor heavily into post-fire risk assessments since these landscapes are especially vulnerable to postfire flooding and landslides. • Shifting Insect Habitat: Bark beetle infestations are rising in response to the changing climate, increasing tree mortality and reducing carbon storage. • Human Impacts: Across all of California’s landscapes human factors, such as development patterns and risk mitigation strategies, will have a direct impact on communities’ ability to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Local decisions are a large factor in determining the future health of a community.

13.2 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Local Plan Requirement B1 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(2)(ii) The plan must include a description of the jurisdiction’s vulnerability to the hazards of concern and include an overall summary of the hazard’s impact on the community. The impacts need to include the types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in the hazard areas, and estimate of potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures, and a description of land uses and development trends.

13.2.1 Summary of Vulnerability
For the vulnerability assessment of this hazard, 100 percent of the Planning Area has been considered to be exposed to wildfire impacts, either by direct impacts assuming fire starts from ember transport, or cascading impacts from wildfires within the region. While there have been no significant historic impacts from landslides in the City, and therefore no estimate of losses based on historical damages, there is significant vulnerability in the fire hazard severity zones of the foothill areas (3
rd and 4th Council Districts) of the City if a wildfire were to occur in the future.

Nearly 9,000 residents live in the mapped fire hazard severity hazard zones. The potential impacts to buildings in the City are primarily residential vulnerabilities due to predominance residential zoning in the foothill areas of La Verne. Water systems are the most vulnerable community lifeline exposed to wildfires with 29 in the mapped high fire hazard severity zone.

Summary findings of the risk assessment for wildfire are detailed below.

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.

13.2.2 Impact on Life, Health, and Safety
Larger and more intense wildfires are creating the potential for greater smoke production and chronic exposures in the United States, particularly in the West. Wildfires increase air pollution in surrounding areas and can affect regional air quality. The effects of smoke from wildfires can range from eye and respiratory tract irritation to more serious disorders, including reduced lung function, bronchitis, exacerbation of asthma and heart failure, and premature death. Children, pregnant women, and the elderly are especially vulnerable to smoke exposure. Emissions from wildfires are known to cause increased visits to hospitals and clinics by those exposed to smoke.

Equity Priority Communities
Equity Priority Community members, including low-income individuals, the elderly, people with disabilities, and racial/ethnic minorities, are disproportionately impacted by wildfires, facing greater risks due to factors like inadequate housing, limited resources for preparedness and recovery, and increased exposure to smoke and other hazards. • Elderly Populations-Physical difficulties and cognitive decline can hamper older adults’ ability to keep their properties clear of flammable materials, such as dry shrubs and grasses, and can slow their ability to evacuate in an emergency. The fire that destroyed the town of Paradise, California, in 2018 was a tragic example. Of the 85 victims, 68 were 65 years of age or older.
• Disabled Populations-People with mobility or cognitive impairments may struggle to evacuate or cope with the aftermath of a wildfire.
• Socioeconomic Factors-Low-income individuals may lack resources for adequate insurance, home repairs, and relocation after a fire, and may face challenges in accessing emergency services.

Table 13-3 outlines the number of community members exposed to wildfire hazard areas.

Table 13-3. Estimated Number of Total Population and Equity Priority Community Members Exposed to Wildfire
Planning Area Total Population Exposed
Total EPC Population
Exposed
EPC % of
Total Population Exposed
Very High Hazard Area
1st Council District 0 0 0.0%
2nd Council District 0 0 0.0%

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Planning Area Total Population Exposed
Total EPC Population
Exposed
EPC % of
Total Population Exposed
3rd Council District 3,340 0 0.0%
4th Council District 1,494 0 0.0%
5th Council District 0 0 0.0%
Total 4,834 0 0.0%
High Hazard Area
1st Council District 0 0 0.0%
2nd Council District 0 0 0.0%
3rd Council District 1,190 0 0.0%
4th Council District 1,009 0 0.0%
5th Council District 0 0 0.0%
Total 2,198 0 0.0%
Moderate Hazard Area
1st Council District 0 0 0.0%
2nd Council District 69 0 0.0%
3rd Council District 801 0 0.0%
4th Council District 1,035 0 0.0%
5th Council District 0 0 0.0%
Total 1,905 0 0.0%

13.2.3 Impact on General Building Stock
Building Codes and Associated Vulnerability
Modern building codes reduce wildfire risk by requiring fire‑resistant building materials, safer construction practices, and features like enclosed eaves and screened vents. After each wildfire, communities can further reduce future risk by rebuilding according to strong, updated codes and standards.

Fire Hazard Severity Zone Exposure
CAL FIRE released updated FHSZ mapping for California that included very high, high, and moderate severity zones within the City of La Verne. Table 13-4 shows the loss estimates by percentage of replacement cost value.

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Table 13-4. Loss Estimates for Fire Hazard Severity Zones Exposed Loss
Value
Exposed Value Structure
and Contents
Loss Value Structure and
Contents
Loss as % of Total
Planning Area
Replacement Cost Value
Very High FHSZ
10%
$1,095,616,869
$109,561,686.90 1.17%
30% $328,685,060.70 3.52%
50% $547,808,434.50 5.87%
High FHSZ
10%
$435,017,210
$43,501,721.00 0.47%
30% $130,505,163.00 1.40%
50% $217,508,605.00 2.33%
Moderate FHSZ
10%
$424,188,502
$42,418,850.20 0.45%
30% $127,256,550.60 1.36%
50% $212,094,251.00 2.27%
Table 13-5 shows the exposure values in each FHSZ by Planning Area.

Table 13-5. Exposure Estimates by Fire Hazard Severity Zone Planning Area
No. of
Buildings
Exposed
Structure
Value Contents Value Total Value
% of Total
Value
Very High FHSZ
1 st Council District 0 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
2 nd Council District 0 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
3 rd Council District 1,128 $467,830,308 $236,747,528 $704,577,836 54.7% 4 th Council District 507 $260,133,742 $130,905,292 $391,039,033 25.6% 5 th Council District 0 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
Total 1,635 $727,964,050 $367,652,819 $1,095,616,869 11.7%0

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Planning Area
No. of
Buildings
Exposed
Structure
Value Contents Value Total Value
% of Total
Value
High FHSZ
1 st Council District 0 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
2 nd Council District 0 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
3 rd Council District 403 $152,697,844 $77,238,517 $229,936,361 17.9% 4 th Council District 341 $136,720,566 $68,360,283 $205,080,848 13.4% 5 th Council District 0 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
Total 744 $289,418,410 $145,598,800 $435,017,210 4.7%
Moderate FHSZ
1 st Council District 0 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
2 nd Council District 11 $3,768,145 $1,884,073 $5,652,218 0.3% 3 rd Council District 272 $109,476,347 $58,932,472 $168,408,819 13.1% 4 th Council District 355 $156,207,197 $93,920,268 $250,127,465 16.4% 5 th Council District 0 $0 $0 $0 0.0%
Total 638 $269,451,689 $154,736,812 $424,188,502 4.5%
Table 13-6 shows the occupancy class for all buildings in the mapped fire hazard severity zones.

Table 13-6. Structures by Occupancy Class in Wildfire Hazard Areas Planning Area
ResidentialCommercialIndustrialAgricultureReligionGovernmentEducationTotal Very High FHSZ
1 st Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 nd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 rd Council District 1,126 1 0 0 0 1 0 1,128
4 th Council District 505 1 0 0 0 1 0 507
5 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1,631 2 0 0 0 2 0 1,635

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Planning Area
ResidentialCommercialIndustrialAgricultureReligionGovernmentEducationTotal High FHSZ
1 st Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 nd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 rd Council District 401 0 0 0 0 0 2 403
4 th Council District 341 0 0 0 0 0 0 341
5 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 742 0 0 0 0 0 2 744
Moderate FHSZ
1 st Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 nd Council District 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
3 rd Council District 270 1 0 0 1 0 0 272
4 th Council District 350 4 0 0 0 1 0 355
5 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 631 5 0 0 1 1 0 638

13.2.4 Impact on Community Lifelines
All community lifelines within the City of La Verne are exposed to direct and cascading impacts from wildfire.

Wildfires frequently damage community infrastructure, including highways, communication facilities, power lines, and water delivery systems. Restoring basic services is a top priority, and many agencies and organizations incur significant restoration costs after a fire. State transportation departments’ efforts to restore roads and highways include the costs of maintenance and damage assessment teams, field data collection, and replacement or repair of roads, guardrails, signage, electrical supply, culverts, and landscaping.

Direct impacts to municipal water supply may occur through contamination of ash and debris during the fire, destruction of aboveground delivery lines, and soil erosion or debris deposits into waterways after the fire. Municipal water managers must address water supply impacts, and the potential costs associated with changes in quantity and quality. Utilities and communications repairs are also necessary for equipment damaged by a fire. This

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includes power lines, transformers, cell phone towers, and phone lines. Taxpayers feel the squeeze on these repairs as each state typically reimburses the majority of costs incurred by the companies paying for the repairs. Refer to Table 13-7 for a summary of community lifelines located in or owned by the City of La Verne that are in the wildfire hazard areas.

Table 13-7. Community Lifelines in Wildfire Hazard Areas Planning Area
CommunicationsEnergyFood, Hydration, ShelterHazardous MaterialsHealth and MedicalSafety & SecurityTransportationWater SystemsTotal Very High FHSZ
1 st Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 nd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 rd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 10 11
4 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6
5 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Outside of City* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 13
Total 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 29 30
High FHSZ
1 st Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 nd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 rd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 5
4 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
5 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Outside of City* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Total 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 6 8
Moderate FHSZ
1 st Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 nd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
3 rd Council District 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2

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Planning Area
CommunicationsEnergyFood, Hydration, ShelterHazardous MaterialsHealth and MedicalSafety & SecurityTransportationWater SystemsTotal 4 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
5 th Council District 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Outside of City* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 4
* Sixteen facilities - 2 potable water pump stations, 6 reservoirs, 2 wells and 1 wastewater treatment facility - outside of the City are part of the City's water and wastewater systems.

13.2.5 Impact on the Economy
Wildfires can have both positive and negative effects on local economies. Positive effects come from economic activity generated in the community during fire suppression and post-fire rebuilding. These may include forestry support work, such as building fire lines and performing other defenses, or providing firefighting teams with food, ice, and amenities such as temporary shelters and washing machines.

However, local economies only experience positive effects if fire suppression spending and contracting is done locally. In addition, future benefits are only possible if the fire stimulates, rather than stops, economic development efforts associated with recovery and forest restoration.

Among other negative economic effects for communities, wildfires can burn timber, make recreation and tourism unappealing, and affect agricultural production. Local communities often become concerned about the effects of smoke on health and safety, as well.

Depending on the severity and location of a wildfire, post-disaster recovery can come with a considerable price tag. Factors that affect state and local budgets in the long-term include the following:
• Replacement of lost facilities and associated infrastructure, • Watershed and water quality mitigation, and
• Sensitive species and habitat restoration.

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13.2.6 Impact on Historic and Cultural Resources
The impact to historic cultural resources from direct and indirect exposure to fire and firerelated activities may be swift and detrimental. Buildings may burn, cultural landscapes may be destroyed by trenching, archeological sites may erode. Fire and fire-related activities, however, may be beneficial. Fire may restore a fire-maintained cultural landscape and encourage growth of vegetation valued by Native American communities, or clear out flammable wood around a historic cabin to create defensible space.

13.2.7 Impact on Ecosystems and Natural Resources
Fire is a natural process in most terrestrial ecosystems, affecting the types, structure, and spatial extent of native vegetation. Fire can act as a catalyst for promoting biological diversity and healthy ecosystems, reducing buildup of organic debris, releasing nutrients into the soil, and triggering changes in vegetation community composition (California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2022d). However, in some circumstances, it can also cause severe negative environmental impacts, such as the following:
• Soil Erosion—The protective covering provided by foliage and dead organic matter is removed, leaving the soil fully exposed to wind and water erosion. Accelerated soil erosion occurs, causing landslides and threatening aquatic habitats (California Ecosystems Climate Solutions 2020).
• Reduced Agricultural Resources—Wildfire can have disastrous consequences on agricultural resources, removing them from production and necessitating lengthy restoration programs (Philip 2019).
• Spread of Invasive Plant Species—Non-native woody plant species frequently invade burned areas. When weeds become established, they can dominate the plant cover over broad landscapes, and become difficult and costly to control (U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Wildland Fire 2022).
• Disease and Insect Infestations—Unless diseased or insect-infested trees are swiftly removed, infestations and disease can spread to healthy forests and private lands.

Timely active management actions are needed to remove diseased or infested trees (The White House n.d.).
• Destroyed Endangered Species Habitat—Wildfire can have negative consequences on endangered species by degrading their habitat (Butcher, Kristin 2019). • Soil Sterilization—Some wildfires burn so hot that they can sterilize the soil. Topsoil exposed to extreme heat can become water repellant, and soil nutrients may be lost (FireSafe Sonoma 2020).

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Wildfire
13-23
• Damaged Fisheries—Fisheries can suffer from increased water temperatures, sedimentation, and changes in water quality (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 2022); (Beakes, et al. 2014). • Damaged Cultural and Historical Resources—The destruction of cultural and historic resources may occur, scenic vistas can be damaged, and access to recreational areas can be reduced (National Park Service 2021).

13.2.8 Land Uses and Development Trends
New development or redevelopment anywhere in wildfire hazard areas exposes that development to the wildfire hazard. The safety element of the General Plan establishes standards and plans for the protection of the community from the wildland and urban fire hazards. The City has established comprehensive policies and actions for land use in very high fire hazard zones and fire protection buffer areas. Wildfire-related policies and actions in the general plan will help to reduce the risk for any future development or re-development in the City.

13.3 MITIGATION OPPORTUNITIES
Table 13-8 presents a range of potential opportunities for mitigating the wildfire hazard.

Table 13-8. Potential Opportunities to Mitigate the Wildfire Hazard Community Scale Organizational Scale Government Scale
Manipulate the Hazard
• Clear potential
fuels on property
such as dry
overgrown
underbrush and
diseased trees
• Clear potential
fuels on property
such as dry
overgrown
underbrush and
diseased trees
• Clear potential fuels on property such as dry
overgrown underbrush and diseased trees
• Implement best management practices on
public lands
Reduce Exposure and Vulnerability
• Create and
maintain
defensible space
around structures
and provide water
on site
• Locate outside of
hazard area
• Mow regularly
• Create and
maintain
defensible space
around structures
and infrastructure
and provide water
on site
• Locate outside of
hazard area
• Create and maintain defensible space around
structures and infrastructure
• Locate outside of hazard area
• Enhance building code to include use of fireresistant materials in high hazard area • Use fire-resistant plantings in buffer areas of
high wildfire threat
• Consider higher regulatory standards (such as
Class A roofing)
• Establish biomass reclamation activities

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Community Scale Organizational Scale Government Scale
• Use fire-resistant
building materials
• Use fire-resistant
building materials
• Use fire-resistant
plantings in buffer
areas of high
wildfire threat
• In high-risk areas, use heat-resistant materials
like welded steel, and avoid heat-susceptible
materials like polyvinyl chloride and highdensity polyethylene Build Local Capacity
• Employ techniques
from the National
Fire Protection
Association’s
Firewise
Communities
program to
safeguard home
• Identify alternative
water supplies for
fire fighting
• Install/replace
roofing material
with noncombustible
roofing materials
• Support Firewise
community
initiatives
• Create/establish
stored water
supplies to be
utilized for
firefighting
• More public outreach and education efforts,
including an active Firewise program
• Possible weapons of mass destruction funds
available to enhance fire capability in high-risk
areas
• Identify fire response and alternative evacuation
routes
• Seek alternative water supplies
• Become a Firewise community
• Use academia to study impacts/solutions to
wildfire risk
• Establish/maintain mutual aid agreements
between fire service agencies
• Develop, adopt, and implement integrated plans
for mitigating wildfire impacts in wildland areas
bordering on development
• Consider the probable impacts of climate
change on the risk associated with the wildfire
hazard in future land use decisions
• Provide incentives for existing structures to be
hardened against wildfire
• Use tools to detect, forecast, and take action
ahead of wildfire
Nature-Based Opportunities
• Manage invasive species that are susceptible to increased wildfire risk • Create riparian corridors in wildfire hazard areas as fire breaks • Incorporate nature-based wildfire risk reduction buffers into existing ecosystem-friendly land uses (e.g., green space, trains, or parks)

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Hazard Ranking
14-1

14. HAZARD RANKING
The prioritization and categorization of identified hazards for La Verne is based principally on the Priority Risk Index (PRI), a tool used to measure the degree of risk for identified hazards in a particular Planning Area. The PRI was used to assist the City in identifying hazards that pose the most significant threat to the City. Results are depicted on Figure 14-1.

Figure 14-1. Natural Hazard Risk Ranking
The PRI results provide a numerical value for each hazard, allowing hazards to be ranked against one another (i.e., the higher the PRI value, the greater the hazard risk). PRI values are obtained by assigning varying degrees of risk to five categories for each hazard: probability, impact, spatial extent, warning time, and climate change.

Each degree of risk has been assigned a value (1 to 4) and a weighting factor.

To calculate the PRI value for a given hazard, the assigned risk value for each category is multiplied by the weighting factor. The sum of all five categories equals the final PRI value, as demonstrated in the example equation below:

According to the weighting scheme applied, the highest possible PRI value is 4.0. Table 14-1 shows the weighting schemes for each category. The assigned weighting factors are typical for hazard mitigation planning efforts. The City had the option to amend these values if desired if additional factors should be considered for hazard rankings. By determining a PRI VALUE = [(PROBABILITY x .30) + (IMPACT x .30) + (SPATIAL EXTENT x .20) + (WARNING TIME x .10) + (CLIMATE CHANGE x .10)]

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HIGH
Earthquake
Extreme Temperature
Extreme Wind
Wildfire
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MEDIUM
Dam Failure
Drought
Flood
Landslide
LOW
(none)
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Hazard Ranking
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value for each hazard that can be compared to other hazards threatening the Planning Area, hazards can be ranked with greater ease.

Many of the PRI categories are described within the natural hazard profiles. A hazard risk ranking for each hazard of concern was assigned to the range of PRI values as follows:
• PRI Value 1 to 1.9 = Low Hazard Risk Ranking
• PRI Value 2.0 to 2.9 = Medium Hazard Risk Ranking
• PRI Value 3.0 to 4.0 = High Hazard Risk Ranking
The final PRI results, including the calculated values for each hazard in La Verne are summarized in Table 14-2 and depicted on Figure 14-1. Note that none of the hazards have a “low” risk ranking, demonstrating the importance of comprehensive mitigation initiatives to protect the community.

Table 14-1. Priority Risk Index Scoring Criteria
PRI
Category
Degree of Risk Assigned
Weighting
Level Criteria Factor
Index
Value
Probability
Unlikely Less than 1% annual probability. 1
30%
Possible Between 1 and 10% annual probability. 2
Likely Between 10 and 90% annual probability. 3
Highly Likely 90%+ annual probability. 4
Impact
Minor
Only minor property damage and minimal
disruption to government functions and services. No
shutdown of critical facilities.
1 30%
Limited
Minor injuries to the total and Equity Priority
Communities population are possible, more than
10% of buildings damaged or destroyed, temporary
shutdown of critical facilities (less than 1 week).
2 Critical
Multiple deaths/injuries to the total and Equity
Priority Communities population are possible, more
than 25% of buildings damaged or destroyed,
complete shutdown of critical facilities for more
than 1 week.
3 Catastrophic
High number of deaths/injuries to the total and
Equity Priority Communities population are possible,
more than 50% of buildings damaged or destroyed,
complete shutdown of critical facilities for 30 days
or more.
4

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PRI
Category
Degree of Risk Assigned
Weighting
Level Criteria Factor
Index
Value
Spatial
Extent
Negligible Limited to one specific area. 1
20%
Small Small areas affected. 2
Moderate Large areas affected. 3
Large All areas affected. 4
Warning
Time
More than 24
hours
Self-explanatory. 1
10%
12 to 24 hours Self-explanatory. 2
6 to 12 hours Self-explanatory. 3
Less than 6
hours
Self-explanatory. 4
Climate
Change
Decreasing
Risk
Climate change is likely to result in a decrease in
the frequency and/or severity of hazard events. 1
10%
No Impact
Climate change is not expected to impact
frequency and/or severity of hazard events. 2
Risk Unknown
Not enough data currently exists to make accurate
projections on the impact of climate change on
hazard events.
3 Increasing
Risk
Climate change is likely to result in an increase in
the frequency/severity of hazard events. 4
Table 14-2. Natural Hazard Risk Ranking Summary
Hazard
Weighted Risk Factors
ProbabilityImpactSpatial ExtentWarning TimeClimate Change PRI Risk Ranking
Dam Failure .30 .90 .60 .40 .40 2.6 Medium
Drought 1.2 .30 .80 .10 .40 2.8 Medium
Earthquake 1.2 .60 .80 .40 .20 3.2 High
Extreme Temperature 1.2 .90 .80 .20 .40 3.5 High
Extreme Wind 1.2 .90 .80 .20 .40 3.5 High
Flood 1.2 .30 .20 .10 .40 2.2 Medium
Landslide .60 .60 .60 .40 .40 2.6 Medium
Wildfire 1.2 .60 .60 .30 .40 3.1 High

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Part 3 - Capability
Assessment & Mitigation
Strategy

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-1

15. CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT
Local Plan Requirement C1—44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(3)
The plan shall include a mitigation strategy that provides the jurisdiction’s blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment, based on existing authorities, policies, programs, and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools.

The purpose of the capability assessment is to understand the planning, regulatory, administrative, technical, and financial capabilities present in the City of La Verne. This assessment helps the City identify strengths and opportunities that can be used to reduce losses from hazard events and reduce risks throughout the City.

15.1 OVERVIEW
Existing laws, ordinances, plans, and programs at the federal, state, and local level can support or impact hazard mitigation actions identified in this plan. Hazard mitigation plans are required to include a review and incorporation, if appropriate, of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information as part of the planning process (44 CFR, Section 201.6(b)(3)). Federal and state programs identified through this review are those that may interface with the actions identified in this plan. Each program enhances capabilities to implement mitigation actions or has a nexus with a mitigation action in this plan.

During the LHMP process, the City was tasked with developing their capability assessment, paying particular attention to evaluating the effectiveness of these capabilities in supporting hazard mitigation and identifying opportunities to enhance local capabilities to integrate hazard mitigation into their plans, programs, and day-to-day operations.

15.2 PLANNING AND REGULATORY CAPABILITY
Planning and regulatory capabilities are based on the implementation of ordinances, policies, local laws, state statutes, plans, and programs that relate to guiding and management growth and development. Planning and regulatory capabilities refer not only to current plans and regulations, but also to the jurisdiction’s ability to change and improve those plans and regulations as needed.

15.2.1 Federal Agencies, Programs, and Capabilities
This section summarizes federal and state programs that may interface with the actions identified in this plan. Each program enhances capabilities to implement mitigation actions

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-2
or has a nexus with a mitigation action in this plan. State and federal regulations and programs that need to be considered in hazard mitigation are constantly evolving. For this plan, a review was performed to determine which regulations and programs are currently most relevant to hazard mitigation planning. The findings are summarized in Table 15-1 and Table 15-2. Short descriptions of each program are provided in Appendix C (Federal & State Agencies, Programs & Regulations).

Table 15-1. Summary of Federal Agencies, Programs, and Regulatory Capabilities Agency, Program or
Regulation
Hazard
Mitigation Area
Affected Relevance
Americans with Disabilities
Act
Action Plan
Implementation
FEMA hazard mitigation project grant applications
require full compliance with applicable federal acts.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Action Plan
Implementation
FEMA hazard mitigation project grant applications
require full compliance with applicable federal acts.

Clean Water Act Action Plan
Implementation
FEMA hazard mitigation project grant applications
require full compliance with applicable federal acts.

Community Development
Block Grant Disaster
Resilience Program
Action Plan
Funding
This is a potential alternative source of funding for
actions identified in this plan.

Community Rating System Flood Hazard This voluntary program encourages floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum
National Flood Insurance Program requirements.

Disaster Mitigation Act Hazard
Mitigation
Planning
This is the current federal legislation addressing hazard mitigation planning.

Emergency Relief for
Federally Owned Roads
Program
Action Plan
Funding
This is a possible funding source for actions identified in this plan.

Emergency Watershed
Program
Action Plan
Funding
This is a possible funding source for actions identified in this plan.

Endangered Species Act Action Plan
Implementation
FEMA hazard mitigation project grant applications
require full compliance with applicable federal acts.

Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission Dam Safety
Program
Dam Failure
Hazard
This program cooperates with a large number of
federal and state agencies to ensure and promote dam
safety.

National Dam Safety Act Dam Failure
Hazard
This act requires a periodic engineering analysis of
most dams in the country.

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Agency, Program or
Regulation
Hazard
Mitigation Area
Affected Relevance
National Environmental
Policy Act
Action Plan
Implementation
FEMA hazard mitigation project grant applications
require full compliance with applicable federal acts.

National Flood Insurance
Program
Flood Hazard This program makes federally backed flood insurance available to homeowners, renters, and business owners
in exchange for communities enacting floodplain
regulations.

National Incident
Management System
Action Plan
Development
Adoption of this system for government,
nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector
to work together to manage incidents involving hazards
is a prerequisite for federal preparedness grants and
awards.

Presidential Executive
Order 11988 (Floodplain
Management)
Flood Hazard This order requires federal agencies to avoid long, and short-term adverse impacts associated with
modification of floodplains.

Presidential Executive
Order 11990 (Protection of
Wetlands)
Action Plan
Implementation
FEMA hazard mitigation project grant applications
require full compliance with applicable presidential
executive orders.

U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers Dam Safety
Program
Dam Failure
Hazard
This program is responsible for safety inspections of
dams that meet size and storage limitations specified
in the National Dam Safety Act.

U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers Flood Hazard
Management
Flood Hazard,
Action Plan
Implementation,
Action Plan
Funding
The Corps of Engineers offers multiple funding and
technical assistance programs available for flood
hazard mitigation actions.

15.2.2 State Agencies, Programs, and Regulatory Capabilities Table 15-2 lists California State programs that can support or enhance mitigation capabilities of the City of La Verne.

Table 15-2. Summary of State Agencies, Programs, and Regulatory Capabilities Agency, Program or
Regulation
Hazard
Mitigation Area
Affected Relevance
AB 32: The California Global
Warming Solutions Act
Action Plan
Development
This act establishes a state goal of reducing
greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-4
Agency, Program or
Regulation
Hazard
Mitigation Area
Affected Relevance
AB 70: Flood Liability Flood Hazard A city or county may be required to partially compensate for property damage caused by a flood
if it unreasonably approves new development in
areas protected by a state flood control project.

AB 162: Flood Planning Flood Hazard Cities and counties must address flood-related matters in the land use, conservation, and safety and
housing elements of their general plans.

AB 747: General Plans—
Safety Element
Hazard
Mitigation
Planning
The safety elements of cities’ and counties’ general
plans must address evacuation routes and include
any new information on flood and fire hazards and
climate adaptation and resiliency strategies.

AB 2140: General Plans—
Safety Element
Hazard
Mitigation
Planning
This bill enables state and federal disaster assistance and mitigation funding to communities with
compliant hazard mitigation plans.

AB 2800: Climate Change—
Infrastructure Planning
Action Plan
Development
This act requires state agencies to take into account
the impacts of climate change when developing state
infrastructure.

Alquist-Priolo Earthquake
Fault Zoning Act
Earthquake
Hazard
This act restricts construction of buildings used for
human occupancy on the surface trace of active
faults.

California Department of
Water Resources
Flood Hazard This state department is the state coordinating agency for floodplain management.

California Division of Safety
of Dams
Dam Failure
Hazard
This division monitors the dam safety program at the
state level and maintains a working list of dams in the state.

California Environmental
Quality Act
Action Plan
Implementation
This act establishes a protocol of analysis and public
disclosure of the potential environmental impacts of
development projects. Any project action identified in
this plan will seek full California Environmental Quality Act compliance upon implementation.

California General Planning
Law
Hazard
Mitigation
Planning
This law requires every county and city to adopt a
comprehensive long-range plan for community
development, and related laws call for integration of
hazard mitigation plans with general plans.

California Multi-Hazard
Mitigation Plan
Hazard
Mitigation
Planning
LHMPs must be consistent with their state’s hazard
mitigation plan.

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Agency, Program or
Regulation
Hazard
Mitigation Area
Affected Relevance
California Residential
Mitigation Program
Earthquake
Hazard
This program helps homeowners with seismic retrofits
to lessen the potential for damage to their houses
during an earthquake.

California State Building
Code
Action Plan
Implementation
Local communities must adopt and enforce building
codes, which include measures to improve buildings’
ability to withstand hazard events.

Disadvantaged and LowIncome Communities
Investments
Action Plan
Funding
This is a potential source of funding for actions
located in disadvantaged or low-income
communities.

Division of the State
Architect’s AB 300 List of
Seismically At-Risk Schools
Earthquake
Hazard, Action
Plan
Development
The Division of the State Architect recommends that
local school districts conduct detailed seismic
evaluations of seismically at-risk schools identified in the inventory that was required by AB 300.

Governor’s Executive Order
S-13-08 (Climate Impacts)
Action Plan
Implementation
This order includes guidance on planning for sealevel rise in designated coastal and floodplain areas for new projects.

Senate Bill 92: Public
Resources Portion of Biennial
Budget Bill
Dam Failure
Hazard
This bill requires dams (except for low-risk dams) to
have emergency action plans that are updated every
10 years and inundation maps updated every 10 years,
or sooner if specific circumstances change.

Senate Bill 97: Guidelines for
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Action Plan
Implementation
This bill establishes that greenhouse gas emissions
and the effects of greenhouse gas emissions are
appropriate subjects for California Environmental
Quality Act analysis.

Senate Bill 99: General Plans:

Safety Element: Emergency
Evacuation Routes
Action Plan
Implementation
This bill requires the safety element must include
information to identify residential developments in
hazard areas that do not have at least two
emergency evacuation routes.

Senate Bill 379: General
Plans: Safety Element—
Climate Adaptation
Action Plan
Implementation
This bill requires cities and counties to include climate adaptation and resiliency strategies in the safety
element of their general plans.

Senate Bill 1000: General
Plan Amendments—Safety
and Environmental Justice
Elements
Action Plan
Implementation
Under this bill, review and revision of general plan
safety elements are required to address only flooding
and fires (not climate adaptation and resilience), and
environmental justice is required to be included in
general plans.

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Agency, Program or
Regulation
Hazard
Mitigation Area
Affected Relevance
Senate Bill 1035: Fire, Flood,
and Adaptation Safety
Element Updates
Action Plan
Implementation
Clarifies that revisions to the Safety Element to
address fire hazards, flood hazards, and climate
adaptation and resilience strategies all must occur
upon each revision to a Housing Element or Local
Hazard Mitigation Program.

Standardized Emergency
Management System
Action Plan
Implementation
Local governments must use this system to be eligible
for state funding of response-related personnel costs.

Proposition 4 Wildfire and
Climate
Change
Authorizes bonds for safe drinking water, wildfire
prevention, and protecting communities and natural
lands from climate risks. Legislative statute. Authorizes $10 billion in general obligation bonds for water,
wildfire prevention, and protection of communities
and lands.

15.3 LOCAL CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT
Local capabilities are existing authorities, policies, programs, and resources that reduce hazard impacts, carry out the mitigation plan, and increase overall resilience in the community. The City of La Verne performed an inventory and analysis of existing capabilities, plans, programs, and policies that enhance its ability to implement mitigation strategies.

15.3.1 Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
Planning and regulatory capabilities are the codes, ordinances, policies, laws, plans, and programs that guide growth and development. These capabilities can either support risk reduction or create areas that are more vulnerable to disaster. Common planning capabilities include comprehensive or master plans, housing plans, capital improvement programs, transportation plans, economic development strategies, disaster recovery plans and others (FEMA 2023). An assessment of planning and regulatory capabilities is presented in Table 15-3.

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Table 15-3. Planning and Regulatory Capabilities for the City of La Verne Local
Authority
Other
Jurisdiction
Authority
State
Mandated
Integration
Opportunity?
Codes, Ordinances, and Requirements
Building Code Yes No Yes Yes
Comment: Chapter 15.04 Building Codes Adopted. § 15.04.010 Adoption of county codes and California Building Standards Codes by reference. The city adopts by reference, except as provided in this chapter, those certain codes known and designated as the 2022 California Building Code (Title 26 Building Code of the Los Angeles County Code, 2023 Edition).

Zoning Code Yes No Yes Yes
Comment: Title 18 Zoning. The ordinance codified in this title shall be known as the "zoning ordinance of the City of La Verne." (Ord. 903 §, 1997)
Subdivisions Yes No No Yes
Comment: Title 16 Subdivisions (Ord. 858 §, 1994).

Stormwater Management Yes No No Yes
Comment: Chapter 13.50 Stormwater and Urban Runoff Pollution Control (Ord. 964 §, 2002) and Chapter 13.60 Low Impact Development (Ord. 1047 § 1, 2014).

Post-Disaster Recovery No No No No
Comment: The City has an Emergency Planning ordinance (Chapter 2.56 of Title 2), but it does not include a post-disaster recovery component.

Real Estate Disclosure No Yes Yes No
Comment: CA for State Civil Code 1102. In California, the duty to disclose is codified in the California Civil Code Section 1102 which mandates a Real Estate Transfer Disclosure Statement (TDS). The TDS is a comprehensive disclosure statement that sellers must provide to potential buyers, covering the property’s condition, known defects, relevant environmental hazards, and other neighborhood nuisances.

Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance Yes No No No
Comment: Article V Provisions for Flood Hazard Reduction (Ord. 1002 §, 2008) and Chapter 15.40 Floodplain Management (Ord. 1002 §, 2008).

Growth Management Yes No Yes Yes
Comment: California law requires every city and county to have a "general plan" that serves as a long-term blueprint for future development. The City of La Verne General Plan was last updated in January 2025.

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-8
Local
Authority
Other
Jurisdiction
Authority
State
Mandated
Integration
Opportunity?
Site Plan Review Yes No No Yes
Comment: Chapter 18.16 Development Review. The development review committee shall be empowered to approve, conditionally approve or deny precise plan applications subject to the criteria contained in Section 18.16.100 (Ord. 753 §, 1988; Ord. 810 §, 1990).

Environmental Protection Yes No Yes Yes
Comment: Chapter 2.48 Planning Commission. It shall be the duty of the planning commission to perform environmental review as authorized by the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970, as amended, and by the city environmental guidelines (Ord. 745 §, 1987).

Emergency Management Yes No Yes Yes
Comment: Chapter 2.56 Emergency Planning. (Prior code § 10,100).

Climate Change No No No No
Comment: The City does not include climate change in any ordinances.

Other: Yes No No No
Comment: Chapter 8.12 Fire Prevention Regulations.

Planning Documents
General Plan Yes No Yes Yes
Is the plan compliant with Assembly Bill 2040? No
Comment: General Plan January 2025
Capital Improvement Plan Yes No No Yes
How often is the plan
updated?
Annually
Comment: The Capital Improvement Plan is reviewed and updated each year during the City’s budget cycle by the Finance Department.

Floodplain or Watershed Plan No No No Yes
Comment: East San Gabriel Valley Watershed Management Group WMP Plan (2015) Stormwater Plan Yes No No Yes
Comment: N/A
Urban Water Management Plan Yes No No Yes
Comment: City of La Verne 2020 Urban Water Management Plan Habitat Conservation Plan No No No No
Comment: Wilderness Area Management and Public Access Plan (2018)

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-9
Local
Authority
Other
Jurisdiction
Authority
State
Mandated
Integration
Opportunity?
Economic Development Plan Yes No No No
Comment: The Community Development Department includes an Economic Development Division. This Division has responsibilities that are guided by the City’s General Plan.

Community Wildfire Protection Plan Yes No No Yes
Comment: City Of La Verne Community Wildfire Protection Plan (2014) AWIA Risk and Resilience Plan Yes No Yes Yes
Comment: N/A
Climate Adaptation/Action Plan No No No No
Comment: N/A
Response/Recovery Planning
Emergency Operations Plan Yes No No Yes
Comment: City of La Verne Fire Department Strategic Plan Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk
Assessment
No No No No
Comment: N/A
Terrorism Plan No No No No
Comment: N/A
Post-Disaster Recovery Plan No No No No
Comment: N/A
Continuity of Operations Plan No No No No
Comment: N/A
Public Health Plan No Yes No No
Comment: Los Angeles County: City and Community Health Profiles La Verne 2018.

Expansion of Existing Planning and Regulatory Capabilities La Verne has robust planning and regulatory capabilities. In addition to these existing capabilities, Section 17.2 lists opportunities for the integration of relevant components of this 2026 LHMP into the future updates of those plans. The following are examples of actions that were identified to confirm the City’s commitment to expand planning and regulatory capabilities where feasible (Refer to Section 16.4):

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Action 2. Plan Integration - Review and integrate the current LHMP, including goals and mitigation strategies, into current and future documents, programs, decisions, and plans, where appropriate, to create a more resilient City. This includes:
• General Plan Safety Element
• Capital Improvement Plan
• CWPP
• Land Use
• Land Development
• Building and Safety Codes

15.3.2 Development and Permitting Capabilities
As noted in the table above, the City has adopted codes and standards as well as a General Plan that require the application for a building permit for all development that occurs within the City. Permitting and its enforcement is a capability that ensures new development is fully compliant with the provisions specified in each code and/or standard. Table 15-4 illustrates the development and permitting capabilities for the City.

Table 15-4. Development and Permitting Capability
Criterion Response
Does your jurisdiction issue development permits? Yes
• If no, who does? If yes, which department? Community Development, Building and Safety Division
Does your jurisdiction track the permits by hazard
area?
No
Does your jurisdiction do its own inspections for permit compliance?
Yes
• If yes, how many inspectors does the City
have?
1 available via contract services
Does your jurisdiction have a buildable lands
inventory?
No
Does the jurisdiction have a written plan to address
permit and inspection activities following a natural or man-made disaster?
No

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-11
Criterion Response
Does the building department have a mutual aid
agreement with other building departments to share
resources following a natural or man-made disaster?
No
Does the City’s Building Official possess any
professional certifications (i.e., Certified Building
Official certification, licensed engineer, or architect)? No

15.3.3 Administrative and Technical Capabilities
Administrative and technical capabilities are a community’s staff, skills and tools. These capabilities can be used for mitigation planning and to carry out specific mitigation actions.

They also include the ability to access, coordinate and implement these resources effectively (FEMA 2023). An assessment of administrative and technical capabilities is presented in Table 15-5.

Table 15-5. Administrative and Technical Capabilities for the City of La Verne Staff/Personnel Resources
Available
(Yes or No) Department or Agency (Positions)
Planners or engineers with knowledge of land
development and land management practices
Yes Community Development
Engineers or professionals trained in
construction practices related to buildings
and/or infrastructure
Yes Community Development
Planners or engineers with an understanding of
natural hazards
Yes Community Development
Floodplain manager Yes City Engineer
Surveyors Yes Available if needed via contract
Personnel skilled or trained in GIS applications Yes Community Development Scientist familiar with local natural hazards No
Emergency manager Yes Fire and Police
Mutual aid agreements Yes Fire (Mutual/Automatic Aid
Agreements with LA County)
Grant writers Yes City Administration
Resilience officer No
Staff with expertise or training in benefit/cost
analysis
Yes Finance

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-12
Expansion of Existing Administrative and Technical Capabilities The administrative and technical capability assessment indicated that the City has staff positions filled for all needed core capabilities. One administrative and technical capability the City identified for expansion is addressed by the following action (refer to Section 16.4):
• Action 20. Emergency Responder Training – The City will develop Standard Operating Procedures and conduct tabletop exercises and drills related to the hazards that can impact the City. The training will be for first responders and CERT members and will focus on preparing for and responding to natural hazards and losses that can occur within the City.

15.3.4 Fiscal Capabilities
Fiscal capabilities are the resources available to fund mitigation strategies (FEMA 2023). An assessment of fiscal capabilities is presented in Table 15-6.

Table 15-6. Fiscal Capabilities for the City of La Verne Financial Resources
Accessible or Eligible to Use
(Yes or No)
Community Development Block Grants Yes
Capital Improvements Project Funding Yes
Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes Yes
User Fees for Water, Wastewater, and Electric Service Yes. Water and wastewater.

Impact Fees for Buyers or Developers of New Development/Homes Yes Incur Debt through General Obligation Bonds Yes
Incur Debt through Special Tax Bonds No
Incur Debt through Private Activity Bonds No
Could Withhold Public Expenditures in Hazard-Prone Areas Yes State-Sponsored Grant Programs Yes
Expansion of Existing Fiscal Capabilities
One of the primary objectives in developing the 2026 LHMP is to establish eligibility to pursue FEMA HMA grant funding opportunities. HMA funding streams typically require a 25 percent local match. The City has identified local funding resources in Table 15-6 that can provide the local match for projects in the mitigation action plan that list HMA grants as a potential primary funding source. The plan maintenance strategy includes an annual agenda item to seek contract grant-writing support if needed when pursuing HMA grants (Appendix D).

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-13

15.3.5 Education and Outreach
Education and outreach capabilities are programs and methods that can communicate about and encourage risk reduction. These programs may be run by a participant or a community-based partner (FEMA 2023). An assessment of education and outreach capabilities is presented in Table 15-7.

Table 15-7. Education and Outreach Capabilities for the City of La Verne Criteria Response
Do you have a public information officer or communications office? Yes, in multiple departments Do you have personnel skilled or trained in website development? Yes Do you have hazard mitigation information available on your website? Yes If yes, please briefly describe.

Do you utilize social media for hazard mitigation education and outreach?
Yes
If yes, please briefly describe. Instagram, Facebook, X (Twitter)
Do you have any resident boards, commissions, or community volunteers that address issues related to hazard mitigation or preparedness?
Planning Commission, La
Verne Community Emergency
Response Team (CERT)
Do you have any other programs already in place that could be used to communicate hazard-related information?
Yes
If yes, please briefly describe. City Manager Newsletter, Drought Emergency Mailers
Do you have any established warning systems for hazard events? Genasys, Nixle, Social Media platforms
Expansion of Existing Education and Outreach Capabilities While La Verne already implements comprehensive public education and outreach capabilities, the City is committed to increasing these efforts. The City identified opportunities for expansion as shown by the following example (refer to Section 16.4):
• Action 10: Emergency Notification Systems – There is a lack of effectiveness of hazard communication for evacuations or other necessary and critical information to community members, including seniors, who do not have cell phones, internet, or connectivity to standard media outlets. The City will explore and identify alternative methods of how to address this concern through different communication channels and methods (warning siren, establishment of communication chains through

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neighbor-to-neighbor word of mouth, purchasing Code Red, communication boards at mobile home parks and grocery stores, NOAA weather radios, and FM/AM announcements). Once implemented, the City will hold public meetings, distribute outreach materials, and post information online to be available to residents and businesses to understand the systems in place.

15.3.6 National Flood Insurance Program
Local Plan Requirement C2—44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(3)(ii)
The plan shall address each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements.

Communities across the country build their flood management capabilities by participating in the NFIP. The NFIP supports flood risk reduction before and after disasters. It helps reduce the socioeconomic impact of floods. The NFIP allows property owners and renters in participating communities to purchase federal flood insurance policies to recover financial losses after a flood (FEMA 2023). Table 15-8 discusses how the city complies and enforces the NFIP.

Table 15-8. National Flood Insurance Program Capabilities for the City of La Verne Criterion Response
NFIP Community ID No. 060133
What local department is responsible for floodplain
management?
The permitting and development review
programs required for NFIP participation
non-SFHA under 44CFR, Section 60.3 a are
administered by the Community
Development department.

Who is your floodplain administrator?
(department/position)
City Engineer
Are any certified floodplain managers on staff in your
jurisdiction?
No
What is the date that your flood damage prevention
ordinance was last amended?
The City of La Verne adopted a resolution
to participate in the NFIP in 1984, as
required for participation in the NFIP and
adopted a Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance in 2008. This ordinance is
established if FEMA maps the City in the
future.

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-15
Criterion Response
Does your floodplain management program meet or
exceed minimum requirements?
No, non-SFHA Community
When was the most recent Community Assistance Visit or
Community Assistance Contact?
N/A
Does your jurisdiction have any outstanding NFIP
compliance violations that need to be addressed?
No
How does your jurisdiction make Substantial Damage
determinations?
No, non-SFHA Community
Are any RiskMAP projects currently underway in your
jurisdiction?
No, non-SFHA Community
Do your flood hazard maps adequately address the flood
risk within your jurisdiction?
No, non-SFHA Community
Does your floodplain management staff need any
assistance or training to support its floodplain
management program?
No, non SFHA Community
Does your jurisdiction participate in the Community
Rating System (CRS)?
No
If no, is your jurisdiction interested in joining the CRS program?
No
How many flood insurance policies are in force in your
jurisdiction? a
10 What is the insurance in force? $7,505
What is the premium in force? $3,259,000
Average premium Cost $750.50
How many total loss claims have been filed in your
jurisdiction? a
5 What were the total payments for losses? $17,910
Average Claim Paid $3,582
a. As of August 31, 2025
Expansion of Existing Local Capabilities
As a FEMA designated non-SFHA (Special Flood Hazard Area) community, the City of La Verne currently has no mapped floodplain to regulate or associated ordinance to expand.

Therefore, it is not feasible for the City to expand this capability at this time. The City has had a Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance (§ 15.40.010 – § 15.40.170) in place since 2008. The ordinance was established if FEMA develops flood maps of the City in the future. As noted in

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Table 15-8, the City has had five flood insurance claims paid since the City’s enrolment in the NFIP in September 1984. All these claims can be associated with urban drainage issues that are addressed by the City’s Stormwater Master Plan. As a result, flood risk is adequately managed with proactive stormwater management.

Plan Integration
Future Integration
Since the City currently has no active floodplain management program, there is nothing to integrate under this capability at this time. Please note that should FEMA designate a Special Flood Hazard Area within the city via a coordinated map update process, the City of La Verne is prepared and equipped to administer a floodplain management program pursuant to the requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program.

15.3.7 Participation in Other Programs
Other programs, such as the Community Rating System, NWS StormReady® Program, and Firewise USA®, enhance a jurisdiction’s ability to mitigate, prepare for, and respond to natural hazards. These programs indicate a jurisdiction’s desire to go beyond minimum requirements set forth by local, state, and federal regulations to create a more resilient community. These programs complement each other by focusing on communication, mitigation, and community preparedness to save lives and minimize the impact of natural hazards on a community. The following describes other programs that the City participates in.

Table 15-9. Community Classifications for the City of La Verne Participating?
Number or
Classification Date Classified
FIPS Code Yes 06-40830 N/A
Unique Entity Identifier (UEI) Yes ES5SZUG8ZHL8 N/A
DUNS Yes 038677894 N/A
Community Rating System (CRS) No N/A N/A
Building Code Effectiveness Grading
Schedule (BCEGS)
No N/A N/A
Public Protection (ISO) Yes 3 July 2021
StormReady No N/A N/A
Firewise Yes. Rustic Canyon. N/A 2025

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-17
Expansion of Existing Community Classifications Capabilities The City of La Verne is committed to supporting efforts for additional neighborhoods to qualify for and enter the Firewise program. See Action 9: Fire Risk Reduction Community in Section 16.4.

15.3.8 Adaptive Capacity for Climate Change
California Senate Bill Compliance
SB 379: Include climate adaptation and resiliency strategies in the safety elements of the general plan or local hazard mitigation plan to address climate adaptation and resiliency strategies for the local jurisdiction.

SB 1000: Address environmental justice in local government planning.

An adaptive capacity assessment evaluates a jurisdiction’s ability to anticipate impacts from future climate conditions. By looking at public support, technical adaptive capacity, and other factors, jurisdictions identify their core capability for resilience against changing conditions. The adaptive capacity assessment provides jurisdictions with an opportunity to identify areas for improvement by ranking their capacity high, medium, or low. The following summarizes the adaptive capacity assessment for the City.

Table 15-10. Adaptive Capacity for Climate Change
Criterion
Jurisdiction
Ratinga
Technical Capacity
Jurisdiction-level understanding of potential climate change impacts Low Comment:

Jurisdiction-level monitoring of climate change impacts Low Comment:

Technical resources to assess proposed strategies for feasibility and externalities Low Comment:

Jurisdiction-level capacity for development of greenhouse gas emissions inventory Low Comment:

Capital planning and land use decisions informed by potential climate impacts Low Comment:

Participation in regional groups addressing climate risks Low Comment:

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-18
Criterion
Jurisdiction
Ratinga
Implementation Capacity
Clear authority/mandate to consider climate change impacts during public decisionmaking processesLow Comment:

Identified strategies for greenhouse gas mitigation efforts Low Comment:

Identified strategies for adaptation to impacts Low
Comment:

Champions for climate action in local government departments Low Comment:

Political support for implementing climate change adaptation strategies Low Comment:

Financial resources devoted to climate change adaptation Low Comment:

Local authority over sectors likely to be negative impacted Low Comment:

Public Capacity
Residents’ knowledge of and understanding of climate risk Low Comment:

Residents’ support of adaptation efforts Low
Comment:

Residents’ capacity to adapt to climate impacts Low
Comment:

Local economy current capacity to adapt to climate impacts Low Comment:

Local ecosystems capacity to adapt to climate impacts Low Comment:
a. High = Capacity exists and is in use
Medium = Capacity may exist but is not used or could use some improvement Low = Capacity does not exist or could use substantial improvement Unsure= Not enough information is known to assign a rating

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Capability Assessment 15-19
Expansion of Existing Adaptive Capacity Capabilities
The City of La Verne is committed to increasing these efforts. The City identified an opportunity for expansion as shown by the following example (refer to Section 16.4):

Action 4: Adaptive Capacity Strategies - Identify and pursue strategies to increase adaptive capacity to climate change.

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-1

16. MITIGATION STRATEGY

16.1 MITIGATION ACCOMPLISMENTS
Local Plan Requirement E2 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(d)(3)
The plan must document how the plan was reviewed and revised to describe how the plan was integrated with other planning mechanisms, progress in mitigation efforts, and changes in priorities.

16.1.1 Mitigation Accomplishments
Since mitigation actions were not required in 2005, per FEMA, there is no requirement to update those actions. However, in recent years, the City has prioritized community resilience and has made significant accomplishments, including:
• La Verne Fire and Public Works engage in a joint effort for fuels reduction to mitigate the wildfire hazard.
• The City uses a broad outreach strategy that includes distributing materials, hosting workshops, social media campaigns, and partnering with local groups, to inform and engage residents and businesses in mitigation efforts.
• The City continues to strengthen and grow its emergency services capabilities, preparedness and response through city departments and community programs (e.g., CERT).

16.2 MITIGATION GOALS
Local Plan Requirement C3 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(3)(i)
The mitigation strategy must include a description of mitigation goals to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerabilities to identified hazards.

Mitigation goals represent broad statements that are consistent with the hazards identified in the LHMP and achieved through the implementation of specific mitigation actions. The Steering Committee established a set of goals for the 2026 LHMP that were based on goals in the prior plan, recent city plans, and the 2023 State of California HMP. The goals for the 2026 LHMP are as follows:
• Goal 1. Reduce risk to life, property, community lifelines, the environment, and infrastructure from natural hazards and climate change. • Goal 2. Conserve, enhance, rehabilitate, and protect natural and cultural resources from hazards to provide a more resilient and sustainable community.

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-2
• Goal 3. Expand and improve public awareness of hazards, risk, and mitigation strategies.
• Goal 4. Strengthen partnerships and communication among government agencies, academia, private sector businesses, community-based, and non-profit organizations.
• Goal 5. Apply the best available science and authoritative data to design, implement, and prioritize projects that enhance resilience to natural hazards and climate change impacts.
• Goal 6. Integrate mitigation principles into ordinances, regulations, policies, programs, and guidance to support equitable outcomes to benefit the whole community. • Goal 7. Significantly reduce barriers to timely, efficient, and effective hazard mitigation planning and action.

16.3 COMPREHENSIVE RANGE OF MITIGATION ACTIONS
Local Plan Requirement C3 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(3)(ii) The mitigation strategy shall include a section that identifies and analyzes a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects being considered to reduce the effect of each hazard, with particular emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure.

A range of potential mitigation opportunities is included in each hazard risk assessment in Chapter 6 through Chapter 13. The potential actions are categorized by the following:
• Who may implement the action:
o Community scale (individuals or groups)
o Organizational scale (businesses, non-profits, community-based organizations) o Government scale (any government agency that has permit authorities and police powers within the Planning Area)
• What the alternative would do:
o Manipulate the hazard (actions to prevent hazard events from occurring) o Reduce exposure and vulnerability (actions to safeguard people, property, and the environment from the impacts of the hazard)
o Build local capacity (actions to improve abilities to mitigate and respond to hazard events)
o Use nature-based solutions (actions that use green solutions to mitigate the hazard and provide additional environmental services)

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-3

16.4 MITIGATION ACTION PLAN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Local Plan Requirement C3 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(3)(iii) The hazard mitigation strategy shall include an action plan, describing how the action identified in paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section
will be prioritized, implemented, and administered by the local jurisdiction.

The CPT and Steering Committee reviewed the range of mitigation actions and selected actions to be included in the Plan. The selection of actions was based on the risk assessment results of the identified hazards (Chapter 6 through Chapter 13), the mitigation goals and objectives defined in Section 16.2, and an assessment of current capabilities. Table 16-1, Table 16-3, and Table 16-4 list the recommended hazard mitigation actions that make up 2026 action plan.

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-4
Table 16-1. Mitigation Action Plan for the City of La Verne Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
1 Structure Retrofits/Relocations – Where
appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase
or relocation of structures located in hazard
areas, prioritizing those that have
experienced repetitive losses and/or are in
high- or medium-risk hazard areas.

Existing 1, 5, 6 Lead: Public
Works
Support:

Community
Development
Unknown Very High
($1,000,000
and above)

FEMA HMA
Grants,
General
Fund, Staff
Time
Long-Term
(5 years or
more)
2 Plan Integration - Review and integrate the
current LHMP, including goals and
mitigation strategies, into current and
future documents, programs, decisions,
and plans, where appropriate, to create a
more resilient City. This includes:
• General Plan Safety Element
• Capital Improvement Plan
• CWPP
• Land Use
• Land Development
• Building and Safety Codes
New and
Existing
2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Lead:

Community
Development
Support:

Planning
Commission
Yes Low ($0-
$50,000)
CA LCI
Grants, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
3 NFIP Compliance – Continue to maintain
good standing and compliance under the
NFIP through implementation of floodplain
management programs that, at a
minimum, meet the NFIP requirements:
• Adopt the CA State Model Ordinance
for non-SFHA communities.

New and
Existing
1, 3, 5 Lead:

Public Works
Yes Low ($0-
$50,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-5
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
• Coordinate with State and Federal
agencies in floodplain identification
and mapping updates.
• Provide public assistance/information
on floodplain requirements and
impacts.
4 Adaptive Capacity Strategies - Identify
and pursue strategies to increase adaptive
capacity to climate change.

New and
Existing
1, 2 Lead:

Community
Development
Support:

Planning
Commission
Unknown Low ($0-
$50,000)

FEMA HMA
Grants, CA
LCI Grants,
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
5 Backup Generators – The City will perform
an evaluation of all city-owned community
lifelines to determine which ones need
backup generators. Once the evaluation is
complete, the City will begin the process of
purchasing and installing generators.

Existing 1 Lead: Public
Works
Support: Fire
Yes High
($250,000-
$1,000,000)

FEMA HMA
Grants, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
6 Generator at Community Center – The
community center, located at 3680 “D”
Street, serves as a cooling center for
residents during extreme temperature
events and power outages. The center
currently does not have backup power and
cannot provide shelter during power
outages. A backup generator is needed to
allow the City to operate the center as a
cooling center and provide essential
Existing 1 Lead: Parks
and Recreation
Support: Fire
Yes High
($250,000-
$1,000,000)

FEMA HMA
Grants, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-6
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
services to its residents. In addition to a
generator, the City will install a transfer
switch and put together ‘go bags’ that will
include power cords, surge protectors, and
charging stations to deploy when needed.
7 Transfer Switches at Pump Stations –
Install transfer switches at each sewer
pump station with generators. This will allow
for seamless power transitions during
power outages.

Existing 1 Lead: Public
Works
Yes High
($250,000-
$1,000,000)

FEMA HMA
Grants, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
8 Cooling Centers – The City will designate
public buildings, specific private buildings,
or institutions with air conditioning as public
cooling shelters; extend hours at airconditioned sites during periods of extreme heat or power outage. Once identified, the
City will determine if generators and
transfer switches are needed at each site
and will purchase and install as needed.

Additionally, the City will purchase ‘go bags’
that will include power cords, surge
protectors, and charging stations to deploy
when needed. Lastly, the City will educate
the public about designated cooling
centers and other places they can go for
shelter and assistance during extreme heat
events.

Existing 1, 3, 4 Lead: Parks
and Recreation
Support: Fire
Yes ID phase:

Low ($0-
$50,000)
Implement
phase:

High
($250,000-
$1,000,000)

FEMA HMA
Grants, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-7
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
9 Fire Risk Reduction Community -
Increased risks of wildfire spread due to
overall increase in California. While this can
occur anywhere efforts are focused on the
high and very high fire hazard severity
zones. To address the increased risk, the
City will increase awareness of home
hardening through promotion of Firewise
USA program for La Verne communities to
participate in, as well as Fire Risk Reduction
Community; approval of the Fire Risk
Reduction Community application
submitted to Cal Fire and promotion of the
program to La Verne residents.

New and
Existing
1, 2, 3,
4, 5,
6, 7
Lead: Fire Yes Medium
($50,000-
$250,000)

FEMA HMA
Grants, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
10 Emergency Notification Systems – There is
a lack of effectiveness of hazard
communication for evacuations or other
necessary and critical information to
community members, including seniors,
who do not have cell phones, internet, or
connectivity to standard media outlets. The
City will explore and identify alternative
methods of how to address this concern
through different communication channels
and methods (warning siren, establishment
of communication chains through
neighbor-to-neighbor word of mouth,
purchasing Code Red, communication
boards at mobile home parks and grocery
New and
Existing
3, 4, 7 Lead: Fire
Support: Police
Yes Low ($0-
$50,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-8
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
stores, NOAA weather radios, and FM/AM
announcements). Once implemented, the
City will hold public meetings, distribute
outreach materials, and post information
online to be available to residents and
businesses to understand the systems in
place.
11 Shelter Feasibility Study – It is unclear on
how many shelters we have access to in
the event of a large-scale evacuation;
determine safe emergency shelter
locations on all properties in La Verne that
have sheltering capabilities and create
facility use agreements with the school
district, University of La Verne, etc. The City
will conduct a feasibility study and survey
to determine what facilities may be of use
to the City of La Verne and Red Cross in the
event of sheltering needs. In addition, the
City will determine what is needed for those
facilities to be used as shelters, including
backup generators and supplies. The City
will seek funding to address those needs in
order to use as shelters.

Existing 1, 4 Lead: Parks &
Recreation
Yes Low ($0-
$50,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
12 Zone 0 Regulations - Zone 0 regulations
may be incoming which requires all
homeowners in the high and very high fire
hazard severity zones to clear all
combustibles within 5 feet of their homes;
Existing 1, 2, 3,
4, 5,
6, 7
Lead: Fire Yes Medium
($50,000-
$250,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-9
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
this is a large portion of La Verne and is
costly for the homeowners. The City will
determine just what the regulations will be;
ensure they are adopted into local
ordinance; create ways to educate and
provide moratorium granted under state
law; determine if there are grant funds to
help homeowners with this issue; expand
outreach efforts on education.
13 Fuels Management – The City is in need of
increasing capabilities for fuels
management by making this a shared
priority between Fire and Public Works.

Together, Fire and Public Works will perform
ongoing maintenance such as managing
fuel breaks and roads in the north end of La
Verne; completing prescribed burns in
areas north of La Verne in the San Gabriel
Mtns; having the financial autonomy and
resources for cutting firebreaks in public
wooded areas that are a concern of the fire
department.

New and
Existing
1, 2, 4,
5, 6
Lead: Fire
Support: Public
Works
Yes Medium
($50,000-
$250,000)

FEMA HMA
Grants, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
14 Fuel Modifications - The Palisades and
Eaton fires were wind‑driven events, where
dry brush significantly worsened impacts.

Similar conditions pose a citywide risk in La
Verne due to recurring Santa Ana wind
events, making annual fuel modification a
critical mitigation priority. The City
New and
Existing
1, 2, 4,
5, 6
Lead: Fire
Support: Public
Works
Yes High
($250,000-
$1,000,000)

FEMA HMA
Grants, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ LAVERNE

I I I I I I I I
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-10
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
maintains 22 fuel modification areas that
must be completed each year at an
estimated cost of approximately $350,000
annually. Rising labor and operational costs
continue to challenge the City’s ability to
sustain these efforts, highlighting the need
for reliable and additional funding to
reduce ongoing wildfire risk.
15 Hazard Response Resources – The City
does not have adequate resources to
address operational readiness response to
urban search and rescue as well as swift
water rescues. The City’s firefighters will
complete swift water rescue training, as
well as obtain gear for all fire apparatus.

This also includes additional equipment for
the Urban Search & Rescue (USAR) team.

The City will apply for funding for these
needs and once received, the City will begin
implementation.

New and
Existing
1, 4 Lead: Fire Yes High
($250,000-
$1,000,000)

FEMA HMA
Grants, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
16 Community Wildfire Preparedness Plan
(CWPP) Update – The current plan was last
updated in 2014 and is in need of an
update. While the San Gabriel Valley
Council of Governments (SGVCOG) has
been working on a regional plan that
includes La Verne, the City is in need their
own plan to address all of our unique
challenges in La Verne. Funding has been
New and
Existing
1, 2, 3,
4, 6
Lead: Fire Yes Medium
($50,000-
$250,000)

FEMA HMA
Grants,
Community
Wildfire
Defense
Grant
(CWDG)
Program,
Assistance
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
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I I I I I I I I
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-11
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
secured through a grant and the City will
begin the process of updating and finalizing
the plan. During the update, the City will
review the current LHMP, General Plan, and
CIP to identify areas of potential integration
into the CWPP.
to
Firefighters
Grants
(AFG), CAL
FIRE, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
17 Manhole and Cleanout Rehabilitation -
Heavy rains in the City can cause excessive
inflow/infiltration to surcharge, backups,
and street flooding. The City will complete
inspections to determine areas in need of
cleanouts and upgrades. Once determined,
the City will begin the rehabilitation through
lining/sealing, frame/chimney repairs,
watertight covers, and cleanout cap
replacements.

Existing 1, 5 Lead: Public
Works
Unknown High
($250,000-
$1,000,000)

FEMA HMA
Grants, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
18 Dam and Dam Safety Education and
Outreach Program – As part of the
Emergency Notification Systems action, the
City will implement a targeted dam and
dam safety education and outreach
program. This action will focus on
improving public awareness of dam‑related
risks and ensuring timely communication
during dam incidents. It will also include
developing and distributing dam-specific
emergency alerts, direct notification to
Existing 3, 4, 5 Lead: Public
Works
Support: Fire
Yes Medium
($50,000-
$250,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ LAVERNE

I I I I I I I I
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-12
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
residents and businesses within dam
inundation areas, and outreach materials
outlining dam safety information,
emergency procedures, and protective
actions. Outreach efforts will prioritize
residents and vulnerable populations within
inundation zones and will be integrated
with the City’s broader notification systems
and procedures.
19 Wildfire Education and Outreach Program
– The City will expand its current outreach
program that includes teaching
homeowners how they can protect
themselves from wildfires on their
properties through vegetation reduction
and limiting flammable/combustible
material at a certain range of feet near
homes. The program will include in-person,
social media campaigns, and printed
materials.

New and
Existing
3, 4, 5 Lead: Fire Yes Low ($0-
$50,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
20 Emergency Responder Training – The City
will develop Standard Operating
Procedures and conduct tabletop exercises
and drills related to the hazards that can
impact the City. The training will be for first
responders and CERT members and will
focus on preparing for and responding to
natural hazards and losses that can occur
within the City.

New and
Existing
4 Lead: Fire
Support: Police
Yes Medium
($50,000-
$250,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ LAVERNE

I I I I I I I I
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-13
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
21 Debris Management Plan - The City will
develop a disaster debris management
plan. This plan will establish procedures
and guidelines for managing disaster
debris in a coordinated, environmentally
responsible, and cost-effective manner. The
plan will identify responsibilities for
execution of the plan and will align with
permitted temporary collection areas
throughout the City.

New and
Existing
4, 6 Lead: Public
Works
Yes Medium
($50,000-
$250,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
22 Substantial Damage Response Plan - The
City will develop a Substantial Damage
Response Plan, following the six-step
planning process in 2021 Developing a
Substantial Damage Management Plan
(https://crsresources.org/files/500/develop
ing_subst_damge_mgmt_plan.pdf). This
plan will outline responsibilities for
Substantial Damage determinations,
determining market value, and permit
approval processes following a disaster
event (e.g., flood, wind, earthquake,
wildfire).

New and
Existing
4, 6 Lead:

Community
Development
Support: Fire,
Public Works
Unknown Medium
($50,000-
$250,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
23 Post-Wildfire Recovery - Work with CAL
FIRE, United States Forest Service, United
States Geologic Service, and applicable
nongovernmental agencies to create a
plan to address post-fire recovery activities
and projects that allow burned areas to
New and
Existing
4, 5, 6 Lead: Fire Yes Medium
($50,000-
$250,000)

CAL FIRE
Grants, Staff
Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ LAVERNE

I I I I I I I I
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-14
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
fully recover and minimize repetitive losses
and further damage.
24 Public Relations and Education Programs -
Establish a public relations and education
program to increase public awareness on
potential natural hazards (dam failure,
drought, extreme temperature, flood,
geologic hazards, severe weather, and
wildfire), in the community, their associated
risks, and preparedness strategies. This will
include a focus on protection natural
systems, vegetation management,
emergency notification systems,
evacuation routes, and shelter locations. It
will be done through different methods
including workshops, public meetings, and
online information.

New and
Existing
3, 4 Lead: Public
Works
Support: Police,
Fire
Yes Low ($0-
$50,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
25 Insurance Outreach - The City will create
and distribute a one-page educational
handout explaining insurance policies
related to natural hazards and climate risks.

It will cover property, renters, flood, wildfire,
earthquake, and business interruption
insurance, highlighting coverage limits and
gaps. Distribution through utility bills,
service agencies, and public departments
will ensure broad, equitable access for
residents and businesses.

New and
Existing
3, 4 Lead: City
Administration
Support: Fire,
Public Works
Yes Low ($0-
$50,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ LAVERNE

I I I I I I I I
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-15
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
26 Partnerships - Develop public and private
partnerships to foster natural hazard
mitigation program coordination and
collaboration. Provide input to neighboring
municipalities and districts as they develop
their local Natural Hazard Mitigation Plans
considering the goals and framework of the
City of La Verne LHMP.

New and
Existing
3, 4 Lead: Fire
Support: Police
Unknown Low ($0-
$50,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
27 Utility Provider Protocols - Establish
protocol for communication with electricity
providers and the Department of
Transportation and Development to assure
rapid restoration of transportation
capabilities.

Existing 4 Lead: Public
Works
Yes Low ($0-
$50,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
28 Building Stock Inventories - After
development of the LHMP, the City will
continue to review, update, and develop
inventories of general building stock,
community lifelines, and critical facilities at
risk to natural hazards. Part of this process
will be identifying and implementing
mitigation strategies to protect these
structures.

Existing 3, 4, 7 Lead: Public
Works
Support: All
Departments
Yes Low ($0-
$50,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)
29 Mitigation Outreach Program – The City
will enhance and continue to implement an
education and outreach program for
residents, schools, public and private
sectors, and businesses that focuses on
Existing 3, 4 Lead: Fire
Support: Public
Works
Yes Low ($0-
$50,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ LAVERNE

I I I I I I I I
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-16
Action # Action Description
Benefits
New or
Existing
Assets
Goals
Met
Lead and
Support
Implementers
Benefits
Equity Priority
Community?
Estimated
Cost
Potential
Funding
Sources Timeline
practical actions that can be taken to
reduce vulnerability and risk to natural
hazards on their properties. The program
will provide clear, accessible information on
the individual-level for risk reduction
including structural improvements,
defensible space, floodproofing, and
emergency preparedness. This program will
be delivered through a variety of ways
including public meetings and online
materials.
30 C-Map - Enhance C-map capabilities by
creating a website that includes
information specific to the City of La Verne
residents, including site-specific hazards
information, Building & Safety Codes
information, insurance companies that
provide earthquake insurance for city
residents, and educational information on
damage prevention.

Existing 3, 4 Lead: City
Administration
Support: Public
Works, Fire,
Community
Development
Yes Low ($0-
$50,000)
Staff Time,
General
Fund
Short-Term
(less than
5 years)

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ LAVERNE

I I I I I I I I
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-17

16.5 ACTION PLAN PRIORITIZATION
Local Plan Requirement C3 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(3)(iii) The hazard mitigation strategy shall include an action plan, describing how the action identified in paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section will be prioritized, implemented, and administered by the local jurisdiction.

For this LHMP, the City followed the same prioritization method used in the 2023 California State HMP. Each action is reviewed and scored based on 15 questions, as presented in Table 16-2.

Table 16-2. Mitigation Action Prioritization Categories Category Question
Life Safety Will the action result in life safety?
Property Protection Will the action result in property protection? Cost-Effective Will the action be cost-effective (future benefits exceed cost)? Technically Feasible Is the action technically feasible? Legal Authority Does the City have the legal authority to implement? Funding Available Is funding available for the action?
Environmental Will the action have a positive impact on the natural environment? Climate Change Will the action mitigate impacts from climate change? Equity Priority Community Does the action benefit Equity Priority Communities? Administrative Capacity Does the City have the administrative capability to execute the action? Multi-Hazard Will the action reduce risk to more than one hazard? Timeline Can the action be completed in less than 5 years? Stakeholder Support Is there stakeholder (outside of City staff) support for the action? Other Local Objective Will the action meet other local objectives (such as capital improvements, economic development, environmental quality, or open space preservation?)
Support Policies Does the action support the policies of other plans and programs? The answers to each of these questions are weighted as follows:
• Yes = 3 points
• Not sure/could be either yes or no/question is difficult to quantify = 1 point • No = 0 points

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-18
Following the scoring of each action, priorities are assigned based on the following:
• 31 or more = High Priority
• 15 to 30 = Medium Priority
• 0 to 14 = Low Priority
Table 16-3 indicates the priority for each action in the City’s mitigation action plan.

Table 16-3. Mitigation Action Prioritization
Action
Number
Life SafetyProperty ProtectionCost-EffectivenessTechnically FeasibleLegal AuthorityFunding AvailableEnvironmentalClimate ChangeEquity Priority CommunityAdministrative CapacityMulti-HazardTimelineStakeholder SupportOther Local ObjectiveSupport PoliciesTotal Score Priority
#1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 0 3 3 3 30 Medium
#2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 43 High
#3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 43 High
#4 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 41 High
#5 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 35 High
#6 3 0 3 3 3 1 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 37 High
#7 3 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 37 High
#8 3 0 1 3 3 1 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 32 High
#9 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 41 High
#10 3 1 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 38 High
#11 3 0 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 36 High
#12 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 3 1 1 3 38 High
#13 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 0 3 1 1 3 36 High
#14 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 0 3 1 1 3 34 High
#15 3 0 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 3 33 High
#16 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 3 3 42 High
#17 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 33 High
#18 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 3 0 3 1 1 1 33 High
#19 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 3 0 3 1 1 1 33 High
#20 3 0 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 33 High
#21 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 1 1 31 High

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ LAVERNE
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-19
Action
Number
Life SafetyProperty ProtectionCost-EffectivenessTechnically FeasibleLegal AuthorityFunding AvailableEnvironmentalClimate ChangeEquity Priority CommunityAdministrative CapacityMulti-HazardTimelineStakeholder SupportOther Local ObjectiveSupport PoliciesTotal Score Priority
#22 1 3 3 3 3 3 0 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 32 High
#23 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 0 3 1 1 1 34 High
#24 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 37 High
#25 1 1 3 3 1 3 0 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 28 Medium
#26 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 33 High
#27 3 3 3 1 3 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 34 High
#28 1 3 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 36 High
#29 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 37 High
#30 0 3 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 33 High

16.6 MITIGATION ACTION CATEGORIZATION
The City of La Verne’s identified mitigation actions for reducing risk to natural hazards and disasters that cover a broad range of action types (Table 16-4). This approach assures that the City is including a variety of approaches to become more resilient from natural hazards.

The identified mitigation actions for the City are classified by the following action types.

16.6.1 Local Plans and Regulations
These activities are intended to keep hazard problems from getting worse and are typically administered through plans, programs or regulatory actions that influence the way land is developed and assets are built. In the context of this plan, these measures also include security initiatives. Planning and regulatory measures are particularly effective in reducing an area’s future vulnerability, especially in places where development has not occurred, or capital improvements have not been substantial. Examples of preventive activities include the following:
• Planning and zoning
• Open space preservation
• Floodplain regulations

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ LAVERNE
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-20
• Stormwater management
regulations
• Drainage system maintenance
• Capital improvement programs
• Riverine/fault zone setbacks
• Security measures

16.6.2 Structure and Infrastructure Projects
These activities involve the modification of existing buildings, assets, structures and infrastructure to help them better withstand the forces of a hazard, or removal of the structures from hazardous locations. Examples include the following:
• Acquisition
• Relocation
• Asset and building elevation
• Structural retrofitting
• Safe rooms, shutters, shatterresistant glass
• Road and bridge infrastructure
improvements
• Reservoirs
• Dams, levees, dikes, and floodwalls
• Diversions, detention, retention
• Stormwater infrastructure
expansion
• Water, sewer, or other utility
infrastructure improvements

16.6.3 Education and Awareness Programs
Education and awareness activities are used to advise residents, elected officials, business owners, potential property buyers, and visitors about hazards, hazardous areas, and mitigation techniques they can use to protect themselves and their property. Examples of measures to educate and inform the public include the following:
• Outreach projects
• Speaker series and demonstration
events
• Hazard map information
• Library materials
• School-age educational programs
• Hazard expositions
• Social media campaigns
• Warning and communication
systems

16.6.4 Natural Systems Protection
Natural systems protection activities reduce the impact of natural hazards by preserving or restoring natural areas and their protective functions. Such areas include floodplains, wetlands, and steep slopes, in addition to the following:
• Floodplain protection
• Watershed management
• Riparian buffers
• Habitat preservation
• Erosion and sediment control

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ LAVERNE
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-21
• Wetland preservation and
restoration
• Slope stabilization
• Forest and vegetation
management (e.g., fire resistant
landscaping, fuel breaks, etc.)
• Green infrastructure

16.6.5 Climate Resiliency
Climate resiliency actions incorporate methods to mitigate or adapt to the impacts of the changing climate. Examples include the following:
• Aquifer storage and recovery
• Incorporating future conditions
projections in planning and project
design
• Actions that specifically address
Planning Area climate change risks
such as drought and extreme heat

16.6.6 Community Capacity Building
These actions increase local capabilities to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to respond to consequences of hazards. Examples include the following:
• Staff training
• Memorandums of understanding
• Development of plans and studies
• Monitoring programs
Table 16-4. Mitigation Action Classification, Natural Hazards Addressed, and Community Lifelines Action
Mitigation
Classification Natural Hazards Community Lifelines
Local Plans and RegulationsStructure and Infrastructure ProjectsEducation and Awareness ProgramsNatural Systems ProtectionClimate ResiliencyCommunity Capacity BuildingDam FailureDroughtEarthquakeExtreme TemperatureExtreme WindFloodLandslideWildfireCommunicationsEnergyFood, Hydration, ShelterHazardous MaterialsHealth and MedicalSafety and SecurityTransportationWater Systems 1 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
2 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
3 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

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2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-22
Action
Mitigation
Classification Natural Hazards Community Lifelines
Local Plans and RegulationsStructure and Infrastructure ProjectsEducation and Awareness ProgramsNatural Systems ProtectionClimate ResiliencyCommunity Capacity BuildingDam FailureDroughtEarthquakeExtreme TemperatureExtreme WindFloodLandslideWildfireCommunicationsEnergyFood, Hydration, ShelterHazardous MaterialsHealth and MedicalSafety and SecurityTransportationWater Systems 4 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
5 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
6 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
7 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
8 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
9 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
10 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
11 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
12 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
13 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
14 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
15 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
16 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
17 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
18 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
19 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
20 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
21 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
22 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
23 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
24 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
25 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ LAVERNE
~ -BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy 16-23
Action
Mitigation
Classification Natural Hazards Community Lifelines
Local Plans and RegulationsStructure and Infrastructure ProjectsEducation and Awareness ProgramsNatural Systems ProtectionClimate ResiliencyCommunity Capacity BuildingDam FailureDroughtEarthquakeExtreme TemperatureExtreme WindFloodLandslideWildfireCommunicationsEnergyFood, Hydration, ShelterHazardous MaterialsHealth and MedicalSafety and SecurityTransportationWater Systems 26 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
27 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
28 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
29 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼
30 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼

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16-1
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Mitigation Strategy Part 4 - Maintaining the
Plan

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Plan Adoption, Implementation & Maintenance
17-1

17. PLAN ADOPTION, IMPLEMENTATION & MAINTENANCE

17.1 PLAN ADOPTION
Local Plan Requirement F1 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(5)
The plan shall include documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan.

DMA compliance and its benefits can only be achieved after the Plan is adopted. This plan was submitted for a pre-adoption review to Cal OES and FEMA Region 9 prior to adoption.

After pre-adoption was provided, the La Verne City Council formally adopted the LHMP.

Copies of the FEMA approval and the adoption resolution by the City are provided in Appendix E.

17.2 INTEGRATING THE PLAN
Local Plan Requirement D3 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(4)(ii) The plan maintenance process shall include a process by which local governments incorporate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, when appropriate.

The City will integrate this hazard mitigation plan into relevant decision-making processes, plans, or mechanisms, where feasible. This includes integrating the requirements of the hazard mitigation plan into other planning documents, processes, or mechanisms, such as strategic planning initiatives, general plans, local capital improvement plans, stormwater plans, emergency plans, and other future plans. To facilitate this integration, included as part of the annual plan maintenance, the La Verne Fire Department Community Risk Reduction Specialist will consult with the Community Development Department Director who is responsible for coordinating long-term planning for the City, as to how hazard data, maps, mitigation actions, or other aspects of the LHMP can be integrated with other planning mechanisms.

Opportunities to integrate the requirements of this plan into other planning mechanisms shall continue to be identified through future planning efforts. The City outlined the following mechanisms underway and under consideration:
• Ensuring that the goals and mitigation actions of new and updated local planning documents are consistent, or do not conflict with, the goals and actions of the hazard mitigation plan, and will not contribute to increased hazard vulnerability in the Planning Area.

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• Integration of the hazard mitigation plan will be considered on a case-by-case basis and identified at the onset of plan development.
• Integration of the hazard mitigation plan into the capital improvement program scoring criteria (e.g., does the project advance mitigation) will be implemented if deemed feasible.

17.3 IMPLEMENTING THE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN THROUGH EXISTING

PROGRAMS
To successfully reduce future losses, implementing the actions within this plan is highly recommended. The City involved a wide range of staff in the plan development process and many departments are responsible for implementing specific mitigation actions identified.

Every proposed action listed in the mitigation action plan is assigned to a specific “lead” department or partner in order to assign responsibility and accountability and increase the likelihood of implementation.

In addition to the assignment of a local lead department or partner, an implementation time period has been assigned in order to assess whether actions are being implemented in a timely fashion. The City will seek outside funding sources to implement mitigation projects in both the pre-disaster and post-disaster environments. When applicable, specific potential funding sources have been identified for proposed actions listed in the mitigation action plan.

The CPT will meet once annually during the 5-year performance period of this Plan. This frequency of meeting will also assist in implementation, as meetings will be coordinated with the strategic planning process. A key agenda item will be to determine which actions are being implemented by departments across the City.

17.4 ONGOING PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
Local Plan Requirement D1 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(4)(iii) The plan maintenance process shall include a discussion on how the community will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.

Public participation is an integral component to the mitigation planning process and will continue to be essential as this plan evolves over time. Public involvement procedures were reviewed as part of the 2026 LHMP development process. As described in Section 17.6, significant changes or amendments to the plan shall require an opportunity for public comment prior to any adoption procedures by the La Verne City Council. In addition, the City

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intends to regularly post information about hazard and risk assessment on the City’s communication channels (e.g., social media, webpages, etc.). These efforts are led by the City Manager’s Office Management Analyst. The City also maintains a hazard mitigation planning webpage that can be used to provide updates and post the most current version of the plan:

Local Hazard Mitigation Plan – City of La Verne
By keeping the plan available on the City website with an invitation and instructions on providing feedback, public awareness will be maintained on a continuous basis. Public comment opportunities will be provided during any process to revise or update the plan, prior to jurisdictional approval and/or adoption. Other efforts to involve the public in the maintenance, monitoring, evaluation, and revision process will be made as necessary. These efforts may include the following:
• Posting minutes from CPT meetings to the City hazard mitigation website • Utilizing available communication channels to update the public on any maintenance and/or periodic review activities taking place
• Keeping a current version on the hazard mitigation plan at City facilities and on the City webpage
Additionally, continued public involvement will be accomplished through implementation of public awareness mitigation actions (see Section 16.4). The City is committed to continued public outreach at in-person events as was successfully demonstrated during this planning process, for example, at the community-wide National Night Out held each summer.

17.5 MONITORING THE PLAN
Local Plan Requirement D2 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(4)(i)
The plan shall include a plan maintenance process that includes a section describing the method and schedule of monitoring, evaluating and updating the mitigation plan within a 5-year-cycle.

Periodic revisions and updates of the Plan are required to ensure that the goals of the Plan are kept current, considering potential changes in hazard vulnerability and mitigation priorities. In addition, revisions may be necessary to ensure that the Plan is in full compliance with applicable federal and state regulations. Periodic monitoring and evaluation of the plan will also ensure that specific mitigation actions are being reviewed and carried out according to the mitigation action plan. Monitoring refers to tracking the implementation of the plan over time. Evaluating refers to assessing the overall effectiveness of the plan intent and goals.

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The CPT shall meet once annually each October to monitor and evaluate the progress attained and to revise, where needed, the activities set forth in the plan. The La Verne Fire Department Community Risk Reduction Specialist will be responsible for reconvening the CPT for these reviews. Plan maintenance meeting agenda templates are included in Appendix D.

The annual meetings provide the CPT with an opportunity to perform the following:
• Review plan goals
• Document hazard occurrences that occurred during the prior year and their impacts on the Planning Area
• Document mitigation action implementation or status
• Evaluate the mitigation actions that have been successful • Discuss why mitigation actions were not completed
• Revise the action plan if new timelines need to be established for projects (e.g., changing a long-term project to a short-term project due to funding availability) • Consider recommendations for new mitigation projects
• Review new funding options, including grant opportunities, and determine if contract grant-writing support is needed to pursue the opportunities • Document potential losses avoided due to the implementation of specific mitigation measures or other planning programs, if feasible
• Identify any new or additional vulnerabilities that may be faced by the City and may need to be addressed in a future update of this plan
• Update the hazard mapping and impact tool to reflect new or revised hazard data Any findings or recommendations made during the annual review shall be documented in the form of a memo that can be shared with interested stakeholders, including the public, through the City’s website. Further, mitigation action progress can be monitored (i.e., tracked) in an Excel version of the mitigation action plan. The CPT will also meet following any disaster event warranting a reexamination of the mitigation actions being implemented or proposed for future implementation. This will ensure that the plan is continuously updated to reflect changing conditions and needs within the City.

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17.6 UPDATING THE PLAN

17.6.1 Five-Year Plan Review and Update
Local Plan Requirement D2 – 44 CFR Part 201.6(c)(4)(i)
The plan maintenance process shall include a section describing the method and schedule of monitoring, evaluating, and updating the mitigation plan within a 5- year cycle.

The 2026 City of La Verne LHMP will be thoroughly reviewed by the CPT every 5 years in alignment with federal regulations to ensure its consistency with these requirements. This update is also used to determine whether there have been any significant changes in the Planning Area that may, in turn, necessitate changes in the types of mitigation actions proposed, goals, or priorities. New development in identified hazard areas, an increased exposure to hazards, an increase or decrease in capability to address hazards, and changes to federal or state legislation are examples of factors that may affect the necessary content of the plan. The La Verne Fire Department Community Risk Reduction Specialist will be responsible for reconvening the CPT and conducting the five-year review. In general, the plan update development process begins approximately two years prior to plan expiration. First, resources to develop the plan must be obtained, such as obtaining a planning grant. This will be followed by the plan update process, led by the CPT and Steering Committee. Upon completion of the review and update/amendment process, the City of La Verne LHMP will be submitted to the State Hazard Mitigation Officer at Cal OES for a compliance review in accordance with 44 CFR 201. The plan will then be reviewed by FEMA Region 9. Once an “approved pending adoption” status has been issued by FEMA Region 9, La Verne can then review, approve, and adopt the plan. The City review consists of final approval by La Verne City Council during a public meeting.

17.6.2 Disaster Declaration
Following a federal disaster declaration, the City of La Verne LHMP may be revised as necessary to reflect lessons learned, or to address specific issues and circumstances arising from the event. It will be the responsibility of the La Verne Fire Department Community Risk Reduction Specialist to reconvene the CPT and ensure the appropriate stakeholders are invited to participate in the plan revision and update process following declared disaster events.

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17.6.3 Plan Amendment Process
Unique circumstances, such as availability of critical data or an omission, may necessitate a plan amendment. Upon the initiation of the amendment process, the City will forward information on the proposed change(s) to all interested parties including, but not limited to, all directly affected departments, community stakeholders, and members of the public.

Information will also be forwarded to Cal OES and FEMA. This information will be disseminated in order to seek input on the proposed amendment(s) for no less than a 45-day review and comment period (unless circumstances necessitate a shorter review). At the end of the 45- day review and comment period, the proposed amendment(s) and all comments will be forwarded to the CPT for final consideration. The CPT will review the proposed amendment along with the comments received from other parties, and if acceptable, the CPT will submit a recommendation for the approval and adoption of changes to the plan. In determining whether to recommend approval or denial of a plan amendment request, the following factors may be considered by the CPT:
• There are major errors, inaccuracies, or omissions made in the identification of issues or needs in the Plan
• New or previously unknown issues or needs have been identified which are not adequately addressed in the Plan
• There has been a change in information, data, or assumptions from those on which the Plan is based
If the CPT opts to move forward with the amendment, the revised plan must be reviewed and approved by Cal OES and FEMA. Prior to adoption, the City shall post the updated plan to the City website for public comment. The La Verne City Council will review the recommendation from the CPT (including the factors listed above) and comments received from the public.

Following that review, the City Council will take one of the following actions:
• Adopt the proposed amendments as presented
• Adopt the proposed amendments with modifications
• Refer the amendments request back to the CPT for further revision • Defer the amendment request back to the CPT for further consideration and/or additional hearings

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Appendix A – Public
Survey

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Q1 Which of these natural hazards have you experienced in La Verne? Choose all that apply.

Answered: 300 Skipped: 14
Dam Failure
Drought (no rain)
Earthquake
Extreme Cold
Extreme Heat
Extreme Wind
Flood
Landslide (falling rocks or
mud)
Wildfire
Other (please say)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Answer Choices Percentage Responses
Dam Failure 0.11% 1
Drought (no rain) 16.34% 152
Earthquake 25.27% 235
Total 930

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# OTHER (PLEASE SAY) DATE
1 none 10/27/2025 8:17 AM
2 resident only 2 years 10/6/2025 11:10 AM
3 power outage 10/6/2025 11:01 AM
4 none 10/6/2025 10:49 AM
5 Have not experienced any of these 10/6/2025 10:43 AM
6 wildifre - smoke and ash from fires 10/6/2025 7:09 AM 7 none 10/6/2025 5:54 AM
8 rodents, skunks, possums, coyotes 10/6/2025 5:52 AM
9 I only put an “X” by those I’ve personally experienced here. However, our MHP is designated as located within a natural flood plain, so that must be addressed. And all Californians must address the earthquake, dam failure & drought issues as well 10/6/2025 5:42 AM
10 Weather-Thunderstorms/Hail/Strong Winds 9/18/2025 7:04 AM 11 Tree falling over 9/15/2025 5:21 PM
12 Severe lack of emergency assistance from federal government 9/10/2025 7:46 AM 13 Air pollution from fires 9/3/2025 9:08 AM
14 Proximity to wildland fires in the hills by our house. 8/29/2025 10:35 AM 15 none 8/27/2025 1:40 PM
16 Water rises over sidewalk on east side of Chamber Ave during heavier rains 8/26/2025 9:48 AM 17 Fallen tree 8/18/2025 3:56 PM
18 none yet 8/15/2025 12:35 PM
19 Power outage due to wildfires 8/12/2025 8:20 PM
20 Chemical leak affecting air quality 8/5/2025 4:51 AM Answer Choices Percentage Responses
Extreme Cold 2.90% 27
Extreme Heat 21.29% 198
Extreme Wind 18.71% 174
Flood 1.83% 17
Landslide (falling rocks or mud) 0.54% 5
Wildfire 10.86% 101
Other (please say) Show responses 2.15% 20
Total 930

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Q2 How worried are you about these natural dangers in La Verne? Answered: 313 Skipped: 1
Dam Failure
Drought (no rain)

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Earthquake
Extreme Cold
Extreme Heat

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Extreme Wind
Flood

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Landslide (falling rocks or
mud)
Wildfire
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Not
Concerned
Somewhat
Concerned
Concerned Very
Concerned
Extremely
Concerned
N/A Other
Total
2606

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# IF YOU SELECTED 'OTHER' ABOVE, PLEASE EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER. DATE 1 These events are not controlled by man. My concern is how informed I am and what steps to take for safety. I self-evacuated during the recent fire in N. La Verne as a safety precaution while there was still light. I don’t want to be in the middle of the night in a panic situation trying to get out.
10/6/2025 5:50 AM
2 the severe lack of assistance and concern for human life from the federal government means citizens will be left to die after a natural disaster, as seen most recently in Texas, Puerto Rico and other parts of California.
9/10/2025 7:46 AM
3 9/10/2025 7:45 AM
4 I am not in a fire zone (south of 210 freeway), but there have been major issues with air pollution from fires.
9/3/2025 9:08 AM
5 Would prefer it if the Water Company would stop EXCESSIVE "Cloud Seeding" Done by Rainmaker in El Segundo. Making problems for residents that are outside-breathing the silver iodite into their lungs. Also hurts some plants
8/24/2025 12:44 PM
6 Live on North side of Dam 8/15/2025 12:48 PM
7 Biggest risk concern is the loss of the electrical grid...at any scale 8/15/2025 12:46 PM 8 Businesses in the industrial parts of La Verne could have a chemical leak or chemical reaction that could affect the air quality.
8/5/2025 4:51 AM
Not
Concerned
Somewhat
Concerned
Concerned Very
Concerned
Extremely
Concerned
N/A Other
Total
Dam Failure 63.96%
181

14.13%
40 8.83%
25 3.18%
9 4.95%
14 4.59%
13 0.35%
1 283
Drought (no
rain)

15.75%
46 24.32%
71 26.37%
77 18.15%
53 14.04%
41 1.03%
3 0.34%
1 292
Earthquake 6.54%
20 20.26%
62 31.70%
97 21.24%
65 19.93%
61 0.33%
1 0%
0 306
Extreme Cold 65.09%
179

15.64%
43 11.64%
32 3.64%
10 2.55%
7 1.45%
4 0%
0 275
Extreme Heat 14.92%
44 21.69%
64 23.39%
69 22.37%
66 16.27%
48 1.36%
4 0%
0 295
Extreme Wind 13.31%
39 23.55%
69 27.30%
80 22.53%
66 12.63%
37 0.68%
2 0%
0 293
Flood 50.53%
142

23.84%
67 15.66%
44 5.69%
16 2.49%
7 1.78%
5 0%
0 281
Landslide
(falling rocks or
mud)

59.07%
166

20.28%
57 11.03%
31 4.27%
12 2.14%
6 3.20%
9 0%
0 281
Wildfire 9.00%
27 16.33%
49 21.33%
64 23.00%
69 29.33%
88 1.00%
3 0%
0 300
2606

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Q3 What has your family or household done to prepare for a disaster? Check all that apply.

Answered: 303 Skipped: 11
Received First Aid/CPR
Training
Received CERT
(Community Emergency
Response Team) Training
Made a fire escape plan
Designated an evacuation
meeting place
Found the shutoff locations
for water, gas, or other
utilities.

Keep an emergency supply
kit (batteries, flashlights,
battery-powered radio, ...

Installed smoke detectors
on each level of the house
Have a fire extinguisher at
home
Keep a “go bag” for each
member of the household
Stored medical supplies
(first aid kit, medications)
Made a plan to evacuate
pets
Signed up for emergency
alerts
Bought extra insurance
Other (please say)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

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# OTHER (PLEASE SAY) DATE
1 Generators 11/24/2025 5:52 AM
2 none 10/27/2025 8:17 AM
3 none 10/6/2025 11:07 AM
4 Way behind on preparation. Would like to receive a list 10/6/2025 10:51 AM 5 Establish dedicated group emergency text only for use of Fountain’s Mgmt… to help residents.

For example, if police are searching for a dangerous person, a text saying to stay inside & lock doors until notified.
10/6/2025 5:42 AM
6 I work in LV. Hope roadways are clear. Hope Brackett Field is safe to drive by. 9/23/2025 6:31 AM Answer Choices Percentage Responses
Received First Aid/CPR Training 8.39% 145
Received CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) Training 2.20% 38 Made a fire escape plan 5.84% 101
Designated an evacuation meeting place 4.45% 77
Found the shutoff locations for water, gas, or other utilities. 10.41% 180 Keep an emergency supply kit (batteries, flashlights, battery-powered radio, food/water)

12.20% 211
Installed smoke detectors on each level of the house 14.81% 256 Have a fire extinguisher at home 10.87% 188
Keep a “go bag” for each member of the household 4.05% 70 Stored medical supplies (first aid kit, medications) 10.01% 173 Made a plan to evacuate pets 4.22% 73
Signed up for emergency alerts 9.43% 163
Bought extra insurance 2.37% 41
Other (please say) Show responses 0.75% 13
Total 1729

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7 I work at ULV. We have a emergency response plan for the campus. 9/17/2025 8:30 AM 8 I have received CERT Training through La Verne. I'm currently a member. 8/28/2025 6:22 PM 9 Generators 8/26/2025 6:40 PM
10 Installed emergency sprinkler system in rear yard along with having access to fire retardant application system
8/9/2025 4:12 PM
11 Tree trimming and fire clearance 8/7/2025 5:35 PM
12 Earthquake insurance is cost prohibitive. 8/7/2025 8:55 AM 13 Back up Generator 8/5/2025 6:43 AM

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Q4 If you live in La Verne, how prepared is your household to live without running water, ability to obtain food or medications at a store, electricity or natural gas for one to five days?
Answered: 250 Skipped: 64
# DATE
1 3 11/24/2025 5:52 AM
2 2 10/27/2025 8:21 AM
3 1 10/27/2025 8:20 AM
4 3 10/27/2025 8:19 AM
5 2 10/27/2025 8:18 AM
6 2 10/27/2025 8:17 AM
7 1 10/6/2025 11:12 AM
8 2 10/6/2025 11:11 AM
9 2 10/6/2025 11:10 AM
1 1.25

1.5 1.75
2 2.25

2.5 2.75
3 1.94
Average score
Basic statistics
Minimum Maximum Median Mean Standard Deviation

1.00 3.00 2.00 1.94 0.55

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10 3 10/6/2025 11:08 AM
11 2 10/6/2025 11:07 AM
12 2 10/6/2025 11:07 AM
13 1 10/6/2025 11:05 AM
14 2 10/6/2025 11:05 AM
15 2 10/6/2025 11:04 AM
16 1 10/6/2025 11:01 AM
17 3 10/6/2025 11:00 AM
18 3 10/6/2025 10:58 AM
19 2 10/6/2025 10:54 AM
20 2 10/6/2025 10:53 AM
21 1 10/6/2025 10:51 AM
22 2 10/6/2025 10:50 AM
23 2 10/6/2025 10:49 AM
24 2 10/6/2025 10:48 AM
25 2 10/6/2025 10:47 AM
26 2 10/6/2025 10:46 AM
27 2 10/6/2025 10:46 AM
28 1 10/6/2025 10:44 AM
29 2 10/6/2025 10:43 AM
30 2 10/6/2025 10:42 AM
31 2 10/6/2025 10:41 AM
32 1 10/6/2025 10:40 AM
33 3 10/6/2025 10:39 AM
34 3 10/6/2025 10:38 AM
35 2 10/6/2025 10:37 AM
36 1 10/6/2025 10:35 AM
37 1 10/6/2025 10:32 AM
38 2 10/6/2025 10:29 AM
39 3 10/6/2025 10:28 AM
40 2 10/6/2025 7:28 AM
41 2 10/6/2025 7:28 AM
42 2 10/6/2025 7:09 AM
43 2 10/6/2025 7:08 AM
44 2 10/6/2025 5:59 AM
45 2 10/6/2025 5:57 AM
46 1 10/6/2025 5:56 AM
47 2 10/6/2025 5:55 AM

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48 2 10/6/2025 5:54 AM
49 2 10/6/2025 5:53 AM
50 2 10/6/2025 5:52 AM
51 2 10/6/2025 5:50 AM
52 2 10/6/2025 5:45 AM
53 2 10/6/2025 5:44 AM
54 2 10/6/2025 5:42 AM
55 2 10/6/2025 5:34 AM
56 1 10/6/2025 5:32 AM
57 1 10/6/2025 5:30 AM
58 1 10/6/2025 5:29 AM
59 1 10/6/2025 5:27 AM
60 1 10/6/2025 5:25 AM
61 2 10/6/2025 5:22 AM
62 2 10/6/2025 5:21 AM
63 1 10/6/2025 5:18 AM
64 2 10/3/2025 7:25 AM
65 1 9/24/2025 11:35 AM
66 2 9/23/2025 7:06 AM
67 2 9/23/2025 5:33 AM
68 2 9/22/2025 12:35 PM
69 2 9/22/2025 11:12 AM
70 2 9/22/2025 11:07 AM
71 2 9/19/2025 11:46 AM
72 1 9/19/2025 11:18 AM
73 2 9/17/2025 2:35 PM
74 2 9/17/2025 12:58 PM
75 2 9/17/2025 12:26 PM
76 2 9/17/2025 10:21 AM
77 2 9/15/2025 5:21 PM
78 1 9/11/2025 6:52 PM
79 2 9/11/2025 2:26 PM
80 2 9/11/2025 1:42 PM
81 2 9/11/2025 1:29 PM
82 2 9/11/2025 8:04 AM
83 1 9/10/2025 1:48 PM
84 2 9/10/2025 12:41 PM
85 2 9/10/2025 11:48 AM

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86 1 9/10/2025 11:35 AM
87 1 9/10/2025 10:48 AM
88 2 9/10/2025 8:11 AM
89 2 9/10/2025 7:54 AM
90 2 9/10/2025 7:42 AM
91 1 9/10/2025 7:40 AM
92 2 9/10/2025 6:39 AM
93 2 9/9/2025 2:28 PM
94 2 9/7/2025 7:23 AM
95 2 9/5/2025 11:59 AM
96 2 9/5/2025 6:12 AM
97 2 9/3/2025 1:36 PM
98 3 9/3/2025 1:33 PM
99 2 9/3/2025 1:22 PM
100 1 9/3/2025 12:27 PM
101 1 9/3/2025 12:08 PM
102 3 9/3/2025 12:02 PM
103 2 9/3/2025 11:48 AM
104 2 9/3/2025 11:08 AM
105 2 9/3/2025 10:33 AM
106 3 9/3/2025 10:25 AM
107 1 9/3/2025 10:16 AM
108 1 9/3/2025 10:04 AM
109 1 9/3/2025 10:02 AM
110 2 9/3/2025 9:55 AM
111 2 9/3/2025 9:32 AM
112 2 9/3/2025 9:31 AM
113 1 9/3/2025 9:17 AM
114 1 9/3/2025 9:08 AM
115 2 9/3/2025 9:08 AM
116 2 9/2/2025 10:06 AM
117 2 8/30/2025 5:19 AM
118 3 8/29/2025 1:10 PM
119 2 8/29/2025 10:35 AM
120 1 8/28/2025 9:06 PM
121 2 8/28/2025 6:57 PM
122 2 8/28/2025 6:22 PM
123 2 8/28/2025 9:51 AM

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124 1 8/27/2025 1:49 PM
125 2 8/27/2025 1:48 PM
126 2 8/27/2025 1:46 PM
127 1 8/27/2025 1:45 PM
128 2 8/27/2025 1:44 PM
129 2 8/27/2025 1:41 PM
130 2 8/27/2025 1:40 PM
131 2 8/27/2025 1:39 PM
132 3 8/27/2025 1:36 PM
133 3 8/27/2025 1:33 PM
134 1 8/27/2025 1:32 PM
135 1 8/27/2025 1:30 PM
136 2 8/27/2025 1:29 PM
137 2 8/26/2025 6:40 PM
138 2 8/26/2025 9:48 AM
139 1 8/24/2025 3:15 PM
140 2 8/24/2025 12:44 PM
141 2 8/24/2025 2:27 AM
142 3 8/23/2025 12:44 PM
143 3 8/23/2025 12:21 PM
144 2 8/23/2025 9:51 AM
145 2 8/23/2025 8:24 AM
146 2 8/22/2025 11:31 AM
147 2 8/21/2025 7:27 PM
148 2 8/21/2025 3:12 PM
149 2 8/21/2025 3:10 PM
150 3 8/21/2025 11:57 AM
151 3 8/21/2025 10:55 AM
152 3 8/21/2025 4:02 AM
153 2 8/20/2025 5:35 PM
154 3 8/20/2025 3:56 PM
155 3 8/18/2025 4:11 PM
156 2 8/18/2025 3:56 PM
157 2 8/18/2025 3:56 PM
158 2 8/18/2025 3:53 PM
159 2 8/18/2025 4:56 AM
160 3 8/18/2025 4:54 AM
161 3 8/18/2025 4:51 AM

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162 3 8/18/2025 4:49 AM
163 1 8/15/2025 1:02 PM
164 2 8/15/2025 12:59 PM
165 2 8/15/2025 12:58 PM
166 2 8/15/2025 12:56 PM
167 2 8/15/2025 12:55 PM
168 2 8/15/2025 12:54 PM
169 2 8/15/2025 12:52 PM
170 1 8/15/2025 12:51 PM
171 2 8/15/2025 12:49 PM
172 2 8/15/2025 12:48 PM
173 2 8/15/2025 12:46 PM
174 2 8/15/2025 12:44 PM
175 1 8/15/2025 12:41 PM
176 2 8/15/2025 12:40 PM
177 3 8/15/2025 12:37 PM
178 2 8/15/2025 12:36 PM
179 1 8/15/2025 12:35 PM
180 2 8/15/2025 12:34 PM
181 2 8/15/2025 12:32 PM
182 2 8/15/2025 12:31 PM
183 3 8/15/2025 12:29 PM
184 2 8/15/2025 12:27 PM
185 2 8/15/2025 12:26 PM
186 3 8/15/2025 12:23 PM
187 2 8/15/2025 12:21 PM
188 2 8/15/2025 12:20 PM
189 2 8/15/2025 12:18 PM
190 2 8/15/2025 12:16 PM
191 3 8/15/2025 12:15 PM
192 2 8/15/2025 12:13 PM
193 1 8/15/2025 12:08 PM
194 2 8/15/2025 9:15 AM
195 2 8/15/2025 9:13 AM
196 2 8/15/2025 9:12 AM
197 3 8/15/2025 9:11 AM
198 2 8/15/2025 9:09 AM
199 2 8/15/2025 9:07 AM

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200 2 8/13/2025 7:06 PM
201 2 8/13/2025 7:54 AM
202 2 8/13/2025 6:40 AM
203 2 8/13/2025 6:01 AM
204 2 8/12/2025 10:02 PM
205 1 8/12/2025 8:20 PM
206 2 8/12/2025 7:51 PM
207 2 8/12/2025 7:19 PM
208 2 8/12/2025 5:10 PM
209 2 8/11/2025 7:16 PM
210 2 8/10/2025 4:32 PM
211 1 8/10/2025 10:32 AM
212 2 8/10/2025 6:24 AM
213 2 8/10/2025 3:23 AM
214 2 8/9/2025 4:12 PM
215 2 8/9/2025 12:20 PM
216 2 8/8/2025 7:14 PM
217 2 8/8/2025 6:12 PM
218 3 8/8/2025 5:02 PM
219 2 8/8/2025 3:33 PM
220 1 8/8/2025 7:47 AM
221 3 8/8/2025 5:52 AM
222 2 8/8/2025 4:52 AM
223 2 8/7/2025 10:41 PM
224 2 8/7/2025 5:35 PM
225 2 8/7/2025 5:30 PM
226 2 8/7/2025 5:09 PM
227 2 8/7/2025 4:10 PM
228 2 8/7/2025 4:02 PM
229 2 8/7/2025 3:34 PM
230 2 8/7/2025 3:28 PM
231 2 8/7/2025 2:48 PM
232 2 8/7/2025 2:47 PM
233 1 8/7/2025 2:16 PM
234 2 8/7/2025 1:43 PM
235 2 8/7/2025 1:26 PM
236 2 8/7/2025 1:17 PM
237 2 8/7/2025 1:11 PM

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238 2 8/7/2025 8:55 AM
239 2 8/6/2025 10:18 AM
240 2 8/5/2025 2:37 PM
241 2 8/5/2025 1:25 PM
242 2 8/5/2025 12:21 PM
243 2 8/5/2025 11:49 AM
244 2 8/5/2025 8:33 AM
245 2 8/5/2025 6:43 AM
246 2 8/5/2025 5:32 AM
247 2 8/5/2025 5:28 AM
248 2 8/5/2025 5:03 AM
249 2 8/5/2025 4:51 AM
250 2 8/3/2025 11:28 AM

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City of La Verne Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Hazard Awareness Survey 19 / 43
Q5 If you live in La Verne, is your home in any of these hazard areas? (Check all that apply)
Answered: 248 Skipped: 66
Earthquake risk area
Flood hazard area
High liquefaction zone (soft
soil shaking during
earthquakes)
Landslide area
Wildfire hazard area
Do not know
Other (please say)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Answer Choices Percentage Responses
Earthquake risk area 38.48% 137
Flood hazard area 2.81% 10
High liquefaction zone (soft soil shaking during earthquakes) 1.97% 7 Landslide area 2.53% 9
Wildfire hazard area 25.84% 92
Do not know 22.47% 80
Other (please say) Show responses 5.90% 21
Total 356

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# OTHER (PLEASE SAY) DATE
1 Need geographic land survey from city in order to give answer 10/6/2025 10:58 AM 2 Being older - living alone 10/6/2025 5:57 AM
3 Dangerous Intruder escaping, police helicopter, etc 10/6/2025 5:42 AM 4 dont live in la verne. I work in the city 10/3/2025 7:25 AM 5 NA 9/18/2025 6:21 AM
6 N/A 9/15/2025 5:21 PM
7 Don't live in La Verne 9/10/2025 1:48 PM
8 don't live in LaVerne 9/10/2025 7:45 AM
9 multiple electrical lines surrounding the house we rent, Near busy intersection. Safe evacuation plan?
9/10/2025 7:40 AM
10 High Wind Impacts 9/5/2025 11:59 AM
11 Only work in LV 9/5/2025 6:12 AM
12 Do not live in La Verne 9/3/2025 11:48 AM
13 I work in La Verne 9/3/2025 9:58 AM
14 I do not live in La Verne 9/3/2025 9:32 AM
15 I work at La Verne 9/3/2025 9:08 AM
16 I attend school in La Verne 9/2/2025 10:06 AM
17 Not sure what other hazard areas we're in 8/28/2025 9:51 AM 18 Aren’t all La Verne residents in earthquake and wildfire hazard areas? And, if the water can rise onto the sidewalk during normal heavy rains, I guess that means we can flood too. 8/26/2025 9:48 AM
19 Most of the CLOUD SEEDING is done over the Foothills in La Verne 8/24/2025 12:44 PM 20 none 8/15/2025 12:35 PM
21 Wind event 8/15/2025 12:29 PM

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
City of La Verne Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Hazard Awareness Survey 21 / 43
Q6 If a natural disaster such as a large earthquake were to strike tomorrow… (Check all that apply)
Answered: 306 Skipped: 8
I know how to protect
myself
I am not sure how to protect
myself
I know how to take care of
my pets
I am not sure how to take
care of my pets
I have practiced an
evacuation plan and/or
know where my family
would go if w...

I am not sure where I would
go if I needed to evacuate
my home
Other (please say)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Answer Choices Percentage Responses
I know how to protect myself 35.99% 221
I am not sure how to protect myself 7.82% 48
I know how to take care of my pets 17.10% 105
I am not sure how to take care of my pets 5.54% 34
I have practiced an evacuation plan and/or know where my family would go if we had to leave home

17.10% 105
I am not sure where I would go if I needed to evacuate my home 15.31% 94 Other (please say) Show responses 1.14% 7
Total 614

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# OTHER (PLEASE SAY) DATE
1 I have a second home 10/6/2025 10:43 AM
2 If driveable – go direction opposite where earthquake settles! 10/6/2025 10:35 AM 3 I could survive with local motel or... 10/6/2025 5:57 AM 4 Fountains needs a specific evacuation plan for the 3 major disasters: flood, earthquake & fire.

Also for a “dangerous intruder” — a warning signal to go inside & lock doors until “all clear” signal.
10/6/2025 5:42 AM
5 The City does not have any updated emergency plan specific to the city online. Their information is very generic.
9/5/2025 11:59 AM
6 I would depend on how widespread the damage was 8/26/2025 9:48 AM 7 We used to have the goats come every year to clean up the open space north of Golden Hills behind Monterey street. R hi s helped keep the fire danger suppressed. 8/7/2025 7:10 PM

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
City of La Verne Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Hazard Awareness Survey 23 / 43
Q7 Would knowing about natural hazards—such as their likelihood and how bad they can be—affect your decision to buy or rent a home today? Answered: 304 Skipped: 10
# OTHER (PLEASE SAY) DATE
1 I am not thinking about it at this time 10/6/2025 10:39 AM 2 If I knew an area has more than average for that city, I wouldn’t buy or rent there! 10/6/2025 10:35 AM 3 A MHP that had (and praticed) safety protocols would be much more desirable 10/6/2025 5:42 AM 4 already own a home and not going anywhere. 9/9/2025 2:28 PM 5 Yes, disappointed in the City for not prioritizing preparedness emergency planning and outreach until there is an emergency event. We live in a high fire danger area and many older adults.
9/5/2025 11:59 AM
6 It depends on the hazard and the location of the house 9/3/2025 12:08 PM 7 i already own a home 9/3/2025 10:04 AM
8 Already own a home so the question is irrelevant 8/26/2025 9:48 AM 9 Already home owner 8/18/2025 3:56 PM
Yes
No
Unsure
Other (please say)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 1…
Answer Choices Percentage Responses
Yes 56.58% 172
No 24.67% 75
Unsure 15.46% 47
Other (please say) Show responses 3.29% 10
Total 304

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10 Have to live where I can afford 8/15/2025 12:21 PM

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Q8 If you live in La Verne, which incentives would encourage you to retrofit upgrade or retrofit your home to protect against natural disasters? Check all that apply.

Answered: 247 Skipped: 67
# OTHER (PLEASE SAY) DATE
1 HCD Lower fee 10/6/2025 11:12 AM
2 We pay for SPG Rental fee 10/6/2025 10:48 AM
3 I believe this mobile home has some retrofitting 10/6/2025 5:57 AM Building permit fee waiver
Waiver of residential
property tax reassessment
Free local government
technical assistance
Grant funding
I rent my home and the
landlord has to do this
Other (please say)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Answer Choices Percentage Responses
Building permit fee waiver 20.07% 112
Waiver of residential property tax reassessment 23.66% 132 Free local government technical assistance 24.19% 135
Grant funding 21.51% 120
I rent my home and the landlord has to do this 6.09% 34 Other (please say) Show responses 4.48% 25
Total 558

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4 Classes re: disaster preparedness offered free on site once or twice a year. 10/6/2025 5:42 AM 5 I don't know 10/6/2025 5:34 AM
6 More cash in the bank 10/6/2025 5:30 AM
7 My mobile home has previously been retrofitted 10/6/2025 5:27 AM 8 Work in La Verne 9/19/2025 11:18 AM
9 NA 9/18/2025 6:21 AM
10 Don't live in La Verne 9/10/2025 1:48 PM
11 Full financial coverage from federal, state and local agencies, from taxes we as citizens have been paying and are not being put back into communities. 9/10/2025 7:46 AM
12 Dont live in LaVerne 9/10/2025 7:45 AM
13 n/a 9/10/2025 7:42 AM
14 Do not live in LV 9/5/2025 6:12 AM
15 I do not live in La Verne 9/3/2025 11:48 AM
16 I work in La Verne 9/3/2025 9:58 AM
17 Free upgrades 8/28/2025 6:57 PM
18 I am not sure 8/27/2025 1:49 PM
19 N/A I live on campus 8/27/2025 1:44 PM
20 I rent 8/27/2025 1:36 PM
21 Better fire department 8/21/2025 10:55 AM
22 Contract Work become reasonable again 8/15/2025 12:46 PM 23 Insurance discount 8/10/2025 6:24 AM
24 Not sure 8/7/2025 5:35 PM
25 If all cost are waived the financial impact is lessened and that is incentive. 8/7/2025 8:55 AM

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
City of La Verne Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Hazard Awareness Survey 27 / 43
Q9 How do you feel about this statement? (Check one) “It is the government’s job to teach people and create programs to help them protect themselves from natural hazards.”
Answered: 305 Skipped: 9
Strongly disagree
Somewhat disagree
Neutral
Somewhat agree
Strongly agree
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 1…
Answer Choices Percentage Responses
Strongly disagree 10.82% 33
Somewhat disagree 11.80% 36
Neutral 26.23% 80
Somewhat agree 31.80% 97
Strongly agree 19.34% 59
Total 305

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Q10 How would you like to be informed about a hazard or disaster? Check all that apply.

Answered: 306 Skipped: 8
Facebook
Instagram
NextDoor
Neighbors (talking to
people)
Radio
Television
Phone Call (pre-recorded
message, mass notification
system)
Text Message
X (formerly known as
Twitter)
Nixle
Other (please say)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Answer Choices Percentage Responses
Facebook 7.57% 83
Instagram 9.31% 102
Total 1096

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# OTHER (PLEASE SAY) DATE
1 major disaster public address system broadcast via police and fire vehicle loudspeakers. provides info and demonstrates availability of emergency services 11/24/2025 5:52 AM
2 How about adding "email" to the options?!? 10/27/2025 8:21 AM 3 Door-to-door 10/6/2025 10:51 AM
4 Deaf 10/6/2025 7:08 AM
5 By MHP Office 10/6/2025 5:57 AM
6 All these are good, but seniors may not be tech savvy enough. What happens when internet goes down?
10/6/2025 5:50 AM
7 Ring app 9/11/2025 5:49 PM
8 Alert on phone similar to an amber alert 9/11/2025 3:32 PM 9 as many methods as possible 9/10/2025 6:39 AM
10 Updated city website with their transparent emergency preparedness plans and evacuation/sheltering plans
9/5/2025 11:59 AM
11 Email 9/3/2025 9:58 AM
12 Public Radio 9/3/2025 9:52 AM
13 mail 9/3/2025 9:31 AM
14 There will be no electricity for several weeks to several days, It's best to get your HAM license or communication.
8/28/2025 6:22 PM
15 email 8/27/2025 1:42 PM
16 Alerts 8/27/2025 1:36 PM
17 Paper flyer, email, newsletters, BlueSky 8/20/2025 3:56 PM 18 Reverse 911 8/18/2025 3:56 PM
19 Alexa Devices 8/18/2025 4:54 AM
20 Also like neighbors posting on Ring App 8/15/2025 12:48 PM Answer Choices Percentage Responses
NextDoor 5.11% 56
Neighbors (talking to people) 8.21% 90
Radio 10.31% 113
Television 13.23% 145
Phone Call (pre-recorded message, mass notification system) 15.88% 174 Text Message 23.08% 253
X (formerly known as Twitter) 1.73% 19
Nixle 3.19% 35
Other (please say) Show responses 2.37% 26
Total 1096

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21 E-mail too! 8/15/2025 12:44 PM
22 Community classes/outreach events 8/10/2025 4:32 PM
23 City website updated timely, loud speaker drive by via law enforcement, notification boards placed throughout community
8/10/2025 6:24 AM
24 Email 8/8/2025 7:14 PM
25 City and Fire Dept. websites 8/7/2025 5:35 PM
26 Emergency alerts via Apple 8/7/2025 2:16 PM

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
City of La Verne Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Hazard Awareness Survey 31 / 43
Q11 How do you spend your time in La Verne? Choose all that apply.

Answered: 311 Skipped: 3
# OTHER (PLEASE SAY) DATE
1 retired to La Verne 10/6/2025 11:10 AM
2 My family lives in La Verne. 10/6/2025 10:38 AM
3 Spend time with friends in La Verne (in park or out of park) 10/6/2025 10:35 AM 4 I am here before & after work, & weekends every night. 10/6/2025 5:42 AM 5 mkt shopping, gym 10/6/2025 5:34 AM
6 Friends/Family/Community Outreach 8/27/2025 1:36 PM
7 Visit friends, hiking 8/18/2025 4:56 AM
8 Recreation 8/15/2025 12:56 PM
9 Travel around 8/15/2025 12:08 PM
I live in La Verne
I work in La Verne
I go to school in La Verne
I don’t spend any time in La
Verne
Other (please say)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Answer Choices Percentage Responses
I live in La Verne 53.90% 214
I work in La Verne 31.74% 126
I go to school in La Verne 9.57% 38
I don’t spend any time in La Verne 1.51% 6
Other (please say) Show responses 3.27% 13
Total 397

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10 Exercising in the foothills and the Chuze gym 8/11/2025 7:16 PM 11 Senior center 8/7/2025 3:28 PM
12 I shop in La Verne 8/7/2025 8:55 AM
13 Eat & shop 8/5/2025 2:37 PM

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
City of La Verne Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Hazard Awareness Survey 33 / 43
Q12 What is the main language spoken or written in your home? Answered: 308 Skipped: 6
# OTHER (PLEASE SAY) DATE
1 English and Tagalog 10/27/2025 8:19 AM
2 English and Spanish 10/27/2025 8:18 AM
3 Korean 10/6/2025 10:48 AM
4 N/A 10/6/2025 10:41 AM
5 ASL (American Sign Language) 10/6/2025 7:08 AM
6 English and Italian 10/6/2025 5:29 AM
7 Vietnamese 9/22/2025 11:12 AM
8 Indonesian 8/29/2025 1:10 PM
9 English and Spanish 8/27/2025 1:29 PM
10 German and English 8/20/2025 3:56 PM
11 English and Spanish 8/18/2025 4:49 AM
English
Spanish
Chinese
Other (please say)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10…
Answer Choices Percentage Responses
English 93.51% 288
Spanish 0.65% 2
Chinese 1.62% 5
Other (please say) Show responses 4.22% 13
Total 308

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12 English and Chinese 8/15/2025 9:13 AM
13 English and Spanish 8/15/2025 9:07 AM

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100.00% 137

0.00% 0

0.00% 0

0.00% 0

0.00% 0

0.00% 0

0.00% 0

0.00% 0

97.08% 133

0.00% 0
Q13 If you want to sign up to receive the City of La Verne Newsletter or for additional information related to CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) training, please provide your email address here (Optional):

Answered: 137 Skipped: 177
# NAME DATE

ANSWER CHOICES RESPONSES
Name
Company
Address
Address 2
City/Town
State/Province
ZIP/Postal Code
Country
Email Address
Phone Number

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# COMPANY DATE
There are no responses.
# ADDRESS DATE
There are no responses.
# ADDRESS 2 DATE
There are no responses.
# CITY/TOWN DATE
There are no responses.
# STATE/PROVINCE DATE
There are no responses.
# ZIP/POSTAL CODE DATE
There are no responses.
# COUNTRY DATE
There are no responses.
# EMAIL ADDRESS DATE

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# PHONE NUMBER DATE
There are no responses.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Plan Adoption, Implementation & Maintenance
17-8
Appendix B – Meeting
Documentation

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

MEETING SUMMARY
Steering Committee
June 10, 2025
2:00 – 4:00 p.m.

Attendance
City of La Verne
☒Lonnie Shipman, Chair, City of La Verne Fire
☒Chris Nigg, City of La Verne Fire
☒Candice Bowcock, City of La Verne Community Development ☐JR Rannells, City of La Verne City Manager’s Office
☒Joe Vieyra, City of La Verne Public Works
☐Captain Tibbetts, City of La Verne Police Department
☐Chad Peterson, City of La Verne Community Services
☒David Price, Brackett Field Airport
☒Matthew Neely, Hillcrest
☒Alex Ramirez, Tri-Cities Mental Health
☒Raymond Swain, Firewise Site Lead
☒Scott Burgess, Gilead
☒Steve Storbakken, PVHMC
☐Ian Whyte, Metropolitan Water District
☐Allison Russom, Kingsway Gardens
☒Keith Rumbolo, Vice Chair, Fountains MHP
☐Art Pillan, Foothill Terrace
☒Dane Curtis, Bonita Unified School District
☒Dan Townsend, Hillcrest
☒Alex Soto, ULV
Black & Veatch
☒Rob Flaner, Project Manager
☒Megan Brotherton, Lead Planner
☒Carol Baumann, Risk Assessment Lead
☒Jenny Doan, Planner

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

Agenda Item and Summary

1. Introduction • Introductions were conducted in-person.

2. Role of the Steering
Committee
• The Steering Committee is an oversight body that will advise the City and the Planning Partnership throughout the planning process.

3. Mitigation Planning
Overview
• Mitigation planning focuses on impacts of natural disasters through proactive mitigation strategies. The plan will be created to help communities be resilient in an organized manner and to open up funding streams.
• Hazard Mitigation Plans (HMPs) need to be updated every 5 years. • The focus of the City is to get compliant with this mitigation process and revise/update the plan.
• BV, through the HMP process, will assist in identifying potential funding sources for mitigation items.
• Community-wide mitigation is not limited to city-owned structures and infrastructure. If structures and infrastructure within the city are part of the identified critical facilities for community, then mitigation action items can be identified for them.
o Projects related to critical facilities that may be eligible for mitigation funding include universities.
o Includes strategies like flood elevation for residential areas and seismic retrofits.
• Other stakeholders participating in planning process will help community resiliency, not just city resiliency. FEMA requires active community and stakeholder engagement.
• Mitigation action examples may include (on the emergency management side) seismic retrofits. Outside of structural work, securing items with tie-downs and implementing education campaigns to raise community awareness.
• Southern California Edison provides power to the community • City’s CIP work will be reviewed to see if there’s a mitigation component.
• Submittal Process:
o Initial submittal to Cal OES for first review, followed by FEMA Region 9. Submittal will be in late Fall 2025.
o Final plan adoption anticipated on Spring 2026.
o A lengthy review process may occur with Cal OES and FEMA. • Discussed Core Planning Team (CPT) roles and overview • Steering Committee (SC) Overview
o Comprised of community members
o Meet monthly or as needed
o Steering Committee is essential to provide input on key planning milestones

4. Steering Committee
Ground Rules
• Ground Rules are required to be established to keep an organized process. Subsequent meetings shall be open to the public. • Lonnie to serve as Chair for Steering Committee.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

• Chair will work alongside BV to review agenda topic and discussion points.
• Vice Chair would step in, in the event the Chair may not.

Decision: Keith Rumbolo to step in as Vice Chair.

Decision: Quorum established at 7 members.
• Most meetings, if not all, will be virtual, unless there’s a need to meet in person.
• EOC is a good meeting location, if an in-person location is needed. • Up to 8 meetings (4 working sessions) are scoped. Most likely, all meetings won’t be needed but the SC has capacity to have 8 total meetings.
• Alternate member may be designated.

Action: If needed, designate an alternate member and send their name, email, phone number to Lonnie Shipman by June 20th.

Decision: Alternates should have the same decision-making authority as the primary member.
• More than one alternate may be designated. An alternate would be someone representing your respective organization/community. • Spokesperson for the SC represents the committee in media interaction. It’s not common to have media coverage of planning process unless there’s a disaster. A Spokesperson shall represent community and provide that context of committee views rather than personal views.

Decision: Lonnie designated as the Spokesperson.
• All Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee (HMSC) meetings will be open to the public and advertised on the hazard mitigation webpage, hosted by the City.
• Protocol for receiving public comments during meetings o The public must sign in prior to meeting and identify themselves. Taking public comments prior to meeting is
recommended to anticipate what’s coming up. Comments will only focus on agenda topics.

Decision: Upload Steering Committee meeting agenda into webpage a week prior to meeting date.

Decision: Time allotment to the public for comment shall be 3 minutes.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

Decision: The total combined time the public shall not exceed 15 minutes. If more members of the public are participating in comment period that exceeds time allotment, they may send in writing.

Decision: Monthly Steering Committee to be the Second Thursday of the month at 2:00 pm Pacific. BV team will look at availability.

5. Confirm Hazards • The plan will address impacts from climate change and incorporate how the City defines equity priority communities.

Risk Assessment Approach
• Using best available data to look at risks. Data sources include CAL FIRE data.
• Planning process will not recreate data. Steering Committee will help identify the best available to use.
• Hazards like drought are assessed qualitatively, while hazards with spatial data (e.g., flooding) can be analyzed quantitatively using GIS and FEMA’s Hazus tool. Hazus supports analysis for hazards like earthquakes and floods but not wildfires.
• Risk assessment findings will be shared with the Steering Committee throughout the planning process.
• CPT looked at hazards outlined in 2012 plan and State HMP. The following natural hazards of concerns were identified:
o Drought
o Earthquake
o Extreme temperature (Heat, Cold)
o Landslide (Mass movements)
o Extreme wind
o Flood (Riverine flood)
o Wildfire
• Scenario options will be discussed in next Steering Committee meeting.

Discussion on natural hazards
• Power outages are not considered standalone natural hazards but are cascading impacts resulting from hazards like extreme wind or wildfire. They may also occur in the event of potential hazard events. • Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS), while not natural hazards themselves, are state-recognized due to their significant economic and social impacts.
• Although Hazus does not model PSPS, historical data on economic impacts can be referenced.
• General building stock and critical facilities, such as pump stations and treatment plants, will be analyzed using Hazus. Estimated damage cost and downtown if critical facilities will be reviewed. Loss of functionality for key infrastructure will be considered in the risk assessment.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

• California addresses public safety power as a hazard. Purposeful power shutoff, though it’s not a natural hazard, is in response to natural hazard. Disruption is an economic impact; we won’t model in Hazus but we have history of economic impacts. If committee is in agreement, can include a PSPS chapter.

Decision: Include a stand-alone chapter on PSPS rather than including in other hazard chapters.
• Pandemics (e.g., COVID-10) are typically addressed through prevention and response rather than mitigation. Mitigation funds cannot be used for items like PPE. It is not uncommon to include a pandemic or epidemic concern in the HMP. There are other plans that can be reference in this HMP to discuss pandemic, such as information on public health capabilities
• Fire suppression capacity and water pressure issues were discussed. o No municipality can fully suppress large-scale wildfires using standard infrastructure; mitigation actions may be developed to address this gap.
o Areas with low water pressure may be included in mitigation actions, potentially coordinated with the Public Works and Water/Sewer Rates Ad Hoc Committee.
• City’s 2012 HMP did not include drought or dam failure. • Hazmat facilities will be included in the risk analysis, using data from the Toxic Release Inventory program and other sources.
• Additional facilities, such as airport fuel storage and train tracks carrying chemicals, may be added.
• Information, such as flood depth and associated damage estimates will be included in the plan.

Action: Steering Committee to provide address or GIS coordinates of large quantities of hazardous materials with potential of release. • Discussion on wildlife/human interaction. Potential to include wildlife in wildfire hazard chapter.

6. Public & Stakeholder
Outreach Strategy
• The CPT discussed the City’s Public outreach Strategy. • A designated hazard mitigation webpage will discuss high-level information and will include a public survey link (via SurveyMonkey) to gather input on hazards within the planning area.
• Phase 1 public meeting will occur later this summer and will present preliminary hazard information and mapped hazard areas. Public comments and questions will be welcomed.
• The focus for the SC is to push out surveys and public meetings to their organizations and community wide.
• Capability assessment part of the planning process will look at education and outreach capabilities. Identified gaps may lead to the

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

development of mitigation action items to ensure community members are supported.

7. Next Steps • SC members should attend meetings or designate an alternate. • Meeting summaries and action items for SC will be shared for review. • BV will set up meeting invites.
• Once hazard awareness survey is released, SC to decide on how they will be distributed (decide on digital surveys and/or physical fliers).

SC members will send out to community.
• Meeting summaries will not be released to public until approved by Steering Committee.
• Discussion on examples of HMPs.
o BV team was first consultant team the State contracted with to do the State HMP. The work done includes risk analysis, hazard profiles, etc.
o It is a FEMA Requirement that hazard mitigation planning efforts must align with State plan.

Action: BV to share example plans, including the State Plan, and local plans (linked below).
• State Plan: State Mitigation Planning | California Governor's Office of Emergency Services
• City of Alhambra Draft Plan: Draft LHMP | Alhambra, CA Meeting adjourn 3:51pm PT.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

MEETING SUMMARY
Steering Committee
July 10, 2025
2:00 – 4:00 p.m.

Attendance
City of La Verne
☒Lonnie Shipman, Chair, City of La Verne Fire
☐Chris Nigg, City of La Verne Fire
☐Candice Bowcock, City of La Verne Community Development ☐JR Rannells, City of La Verne City Manager’s Office
☒Joe Vieyra, City of La Verne Public Works
☐Captain Tibbetts, City of La Verne Police Department
☒Chad Peterson, City of La Verne Community Services
☐David Price, Brackett Field Airport
☐Matthew Neely, Hillcrest
☒Alex Ramirez, Tri-Cities Mental Health
☒Raymond Swain, Firewise Site Lead
☒Scott Burgess, Gilead
☒Steve Storbakken, PVHMC
☐Ian Whyte, Metropolitan Water District
☐Allison Russom, Kingsway Gardens
☒Keith Rumbolo, Vice Chair, Fountains MHP
☐Art Pillan, Foothill Terrace
☒Dane Curtis, Bonita Unified School District
☒Dan Townsend, Hillcrest
☒Alex Soto, ULV
☒Randy Sharp, City of La Verne
Black & Veatch
☒Rob Flaner, Project Manager
☒Megan Brotherton, Lead Planner
☐Carol Baumann, Risk Assessment Lead
☒Jenny Doan, Planner

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

Agenda Item and Summary

1. Welcome

2. Approve June
Meeting Summary
• Opened discussion for potential revisions. No revisions were needed. • Raymond Swain motioned to approve meeting summary.
• Alex Soto seconded motion to approve.
• No objections. June meeting summary approved for public access. • Meeting summaries will be added to City website to keep the public informed of the ongoing HMP process.

3. Committee Feedback
from CA SHMP and
City of Alhambra
LHMP Draft reviews
• Previous SC meeting had questions about local HMP examples and aligning HMP to CA SHMP. CA SHMP and City of Alhambra LHMP were linked.

Discussion Regarding HMP examples.
• Action items – statement about equity, priority, and communities.

CDC SVI. Used to be required by FEMA for populations considered to be traditionally underserved or socially vulnerable. Categories could include senior citizens, younger population, folks that speak English as a second language, demographic that doesn’t have vehicles.

Various categories are within CDC SVI. CDC SVI often used to define social vulnerability or underserved communities. State of CA has defined these communities as “equity priority communities” to have an equity focus. All communities should have access to same materials, ability, functional needs, etc. and viewed as an equal opportunity for mitigation rather than as a vulnerability. • FEMA metric of vulnerability populations no longer required but it is a state requirement. Goes into other planning initiatives with the state.

The state will be reviewing. Jurisdiction can define what constitutes an equity priority community. It doesn’t have to be CDC’s SVI. • Will look at applicability for the planning area and determine what the metrics would be for an equity priority community at a later period. • Alhambra Reference:
o Alhambra was selected as a reference shared with the
Steering Committee since it is the most recent plan
completed by Black & Veatch in LA County. Alhambra plan recently completed their public comment period.
o Many local plans are available but were not shared due to differences in structure and organization of plan. Alhambra’s plan serves as a good example for layout, planning process, public outreach, and integration into broader planning efforts. • Later in SC meetings, Table of Contents of the La Verne plan will be shared.
• Discussions on flood risks in La Verne
o FEMA has mapped 500-year floodplains in La Verne, which are not mandatory for insurance but still represent risk.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

o Scenario example from Dan Townsend: The Metropolitan
Water District pipeline (15-18 ft from door) poses a potential flood risk in earthquake scenarios.
o Pluvial (drainage-related) flooding is not mapped by FEMA but is a concern in urban areas. BV will explore any nuanced flood-prone areas in La Verne during the planning process. o Some residents of the City have purchased flood insurance.

The HMP process will help clarify flood-related risks.
• Alignment of HMP with other studies and regulatory framework discussion
o Questions were raised about aligning the HMP with
Department of Social Services (DSS) requirements and other regulatory frameworks, such as CA Department of Health. o The HMP is intended to be a broad citywide document that discusses general hazards that effect the city. The HMP is not a replacement for other regulatory plans or vulnerability assessments.
o Integration with existing plans and vulnerability assessments the City has done is encouraged. An example is the General Plan Safety Element. Relevant studies and documents should be referenced and incorporated as we move along in the HMP process,
o Noted in chat—Steve can share PVHMC HVA and Regional
HVA.
• The City of La Verne contains inundation areas associated with nearby dams. As part of the HMP, a risk and vulnerability assessment will be conducted to estimate potential losses from dam failure. A dedicated Dam Failure chapter will be included in the plan.

4. Public Meeting
Coordination
(National Night Out)
• The CPT discussed the upcoming National Night Out (August 5 4:30- 7:30pm). This event presents an opportunity to engage the public and integrate outreach.
• A brief overview of the event was provided.
• Steering Committee members are encouraged to participate by staffing the booth, engaging with attendees, and providing a very high-level explanation of the planning process. The public survey will be available at the booth, and members can help guide attendees on how to complete it.
• Megan and Lonnie will be attending in-person.
• BV team will do the following:
o Provide printed copies of the survey for real-time completion. o Display a QR code for digital access to the survey.
o Share preliminary hazard maps to visually demonstrate how hazards intersect with the community. These maps are based on available data and serve as a starting point for the plan. o Content for the SC to promote the event and survey through social media and the City’s website

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

• A brief discussion of potential booth features was discussed. o Lonnie will explore internal coordination for a drawing— potentially offering a private fire station tour for a family. o Along with hazard maps, Firewise tri-fold brochures can be placed in HMP booth.
o Fire department will have separate booth.
o Lonnie can arrange to have Trauma staff positioned near the HMP booths.
• The Steering Committee should consider outreach opportunities organizations are already doing, whether it’s digital or printed outreach. Consider bulletin board in facilities, online newsletters, etc. • The targeted audience is anyone who lives/works in the City.

Primarily, residents and workers in the city take the survey.

Participants can include students, travelers, and others who interact with the community. Traditionally, survey is taken by older adults.

Targeted outreach for younger members of the community can typically be done to provide a broader range of survey participants. • The National Night Out event will be considered a “Public Meeting” within the planning process, contributing to public engagement and feedback collection.

5. Approved Hazard
Scenarios
• Hazard scenarios from the agenda packet were presented. Each scenario was discussed at a high-level, including the analysis methods and data sources.
• Earthquake scenarios were chosen based on classification, intensity, and proximity to the planning area. USGS ShakeMaps were shared for each earthquake scenario, illustrating potential impacts. The maps represent possible outcomes and help visualize effects of each scenario.
• Wildfire analysis—new CAL FIRE maps include areas within the city.

Two public hearings were conducted regarding fire maps.

Decision: CAL FIRE maps will be used as data source for wildfire.

Decision: Dane Curtis motioned to approve Hazard scenarios. Alex Soto second to approve. No objections; motion carried unanimously. • Next steps: BV will proceed with risks assessments. The approved hazard scenarios will inform the development of risk maps, which will be featured during the National Night Out event.

6. Approve Public
Survey for
Distribution
• Surveys are typically standard and are used to inform mitigation action planning and guide discussion in the HMP process. • The Public Hazard Awareness Survey was included in the agenda packet. A high-level overview was presented during the meeting. • Raymond Swain shared insights from a previous city planning survey, highlighting efforts to boost participation through social media, printed copies at senior and veterans’ centers, and announcements

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

during Monday night City Council meetings. The city recently launched a new website domain, which will support outreach. • BV team will provide social media posts, flyers, a web link for digital distribution. Flyers may be printed and distributed at public locations.

PDF versions of the flyer may be printed out.
• Printed surveys should be scanned and emailed back to BV. The BV team will digitize responses to compile aggregate results. Physical copies do not need to be returned.
• The CPT previously discussed outreach strategies. The city does not have a dedicated communications officer but relies on a collaborative social media team.
• Suggestions discussed in this meeting include collaboration with the Fire Chief and/or Mayor in promoting the survey and discussing the HMP on social media.
• The survey can remain open throughout the planning process or be closed earlier at the city's discretion. Interim results will be available for review by the Steering Committee and the City. Steering Committee members are encouraged to share the survey link through their outreach platforms.

Decision: A minor revision was made to Question 3 to include CERT (Community Emergency Response Team).
o Note: Keith Rumbolo is CERT-trained.

Decision: Steve Storbakken motioned to approve the survey with revision discussed. Keith Rumbolo seconded motion to approve. No objections; motion carried unanimously.

Action: BV will revise the survey to include CERT and distribute materials.

Flyers and social media posts will be shared when available.

7. Approve Community
Lifelines Definition
• FEMA’s Community Lifelines framework was shared in the agenda packet.
• A high-level overview was presented during the meeting and discussed.
• Risk assessment will align with relevant lifeline categories, though not all may apply to the city's mitigation efforts.
• Lifelines focus on facilities rather than specific hazards. For example, a facility storing hazardous materials may need seismic retrofitting to prevent a release during an earthquake.

Decision: Steve Storbakken motioned to approve Community Lifelines Definition. Raymond Swain second motion to approve. No objections; motion carried unanimously.

8. Next Steps • Expect follow-up from the BV team with:
o Public survey distribution materials

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

o Information on National Night Out to support public
engagement
• The CPT has not yet determined if an August Steering Committee meeting is necessary. The Steering Committee meetings are scheduled monthly on the second Thursday but will only occur as needed. Watch for agenda announcements or cancellations. • Members with access to organizational social media are encouraged to share city posts about the survey and National Night Out. • Meeting Adjourned 3:18 PM Pacific Time

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

MEETING SUMMARY
Steering Committee
September 18, 2025
2:00 – 4:00 p.m.

Attendance
City of La Verne
☒ Lonnie Shipman, Chair, City of La Verne Fire
☐ Chris Nigg, City of La Verne Fire
☒ Candice Bowcock, City of La Verne Community Development ☐ JR Rannells, City of La Verne City Manager’s Office
☐ Joe Vieyra, City of La Verne Public Works
☒ Captain Tibbetts, City of La Verne Police Department
☐ Chad Peterson, City of La Verne Community Services
☐ David Price, Brackett Field Airport
☐ Matthew Neely, Hillcrest
☒ Alex Ramirez, Tri-Cities Mental Health
☐ Raymond Swain, Firewise Site Lead
☒Danita Beauchamp (alternate)
☒ Scott Burgess, Gilead
☒ Steve Storbakken, PVHMC
☐ Ian Whyte, Metropolitan Water District
☐ Allison Russom, Kingsway Gardens
☐ Keith Rumbolo, Vice Chair, Fountains MHP
☐ Art Pillan, Foothill Terrace
☒ Dane Curtis, Bonita Unified School District
☐ Dan Townsend, Hillcrest
☒ Alex Soto, ULV
☒ Randy Sharp, ULV
Black & Veatch
☐ Rob Flaner, Project Manager
☒ Megan Brotherton, Lead Planner
☐ Carol Baumann, Risk Assessment Lead
☐ Jenny Doan, Planner
☒ Erin Schanen, Planner

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
E . BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

Agenda Item and Summary

1. Welcome • Meeting quorum was met and begun at 2:03 PM PST. • No public members in attendance.

2. Approve July
Meeting Summary
Approval of the July Meeting Summary
• Lonnie Shipman (Chair) asked for motions to approve the July meeting summary:
o Motion: Steven Storbakken
o Second: Dane Curtis
• The meeting summary from the July Steering Committee meeting will be posted online for the public to view.

Updates from Steering Committee members since the last meeting:
• Dane Curtis noted that the high school gymnasiums are available to act as an evacuation center in the event of an emergency. • Lonnie to confirm who is response for emergency center coordination.

Action: Black & Veatch to share the final summary for the July Steering Committee meeting summary for upload to the City’s LHMP webpage.

3. Public Outreach
Update
a. Survey Results to
Date
b. Public
Events/Meetings
Public Outreach Update
• A public meeting was held in coordination with the National Night Out (August 5, 2025). The event resulted in great public engagement and survey responses.
• The success of this event shows how effective partnering with existing events can be to engage and reach the community.

Upcoming Public Engagement Meeting
• The proposed schedule reflects late October for the next public engagement meeting.
• The objective of the upcoming meeting will be to present the draft plan overview.
• The event could be held as a standalone public engagement meeting or partnered with an upcoming local event.

Potential Local Events to Partner the Next Public Event • The Vendor Fair scheduled for October 11, 2025.
• The annual fall Car Show scheduled for October 25, 2025.

Opportunities for Additional Engagement
• Members of the public can continue to provide survey responses.

Following the publication of the Draft LHMP, review and comment will be requested.
• Potential to hand out a public flyer at the Veteran's Hall Veteran's Day Memorial scheduled for November 11th, 2025.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

Survey Results to Date
• 232 responses to date (as of September 18, 2025).

Examples of outreach strategies include:
• Alex distributed to students and staff at the University of La Verne • LV3C Facebook page to approximately 1,700 members of La Verne (posted August 5, 2025)
Action: Black & Veatch to share the public engagement posts with the Steering Committee to support outreach efforts.

4. Draft LHMP Table of
Contents Preview
• Black & Veatch walked through the structure of the LHMP and provided an overview of the content contained within each section. • Black & Veatch shared an example of the draft LHMP color and font style, in alignment with the La Verne style guide. To support a stronger color contrast, Black & Veatch will saturate the colors of the headers.

5. Hazard Mapping
Overview and Input
• Black & Veatch shared preliminary risk hazard mapping. The preliminary figures included dam failure inundation, liquefaction zones, Cucamonga (M6.88) earthquake scenario, and the wildfire hazard severity zones.

6. Strengths,
Weaknesses,
Obstacles, and
Opportunities
(SWOO) Exercise
• The SWOO Exercise is an internal tool and opportunity for the Steering Committee members to provide input. The SWOO exercise is not required to be completed by Steering Committee members, but encouraged. Potential to consider the following:
o Strengths and Opportunities: how can they be leveraged for other mitigation initiatives.
o Weakness and Obstacles: what barriers exist to implementing mitigation actions and possible avenues to how can they be overcome.
• Black & Veatch will share a link to the SWOO Exercises, hosted on the Microsoft Form platform.
• Responses to the SWOO Exercise will support the capability assessment and identification of mitigation actions.

Action: Black & Veatch will share a link to the SWOO Exercises, hosted on the Microsoft Form platform.

7. Next Steps • HMSC to continue to share the public survey link and/or QR code. • The October Steering Committee meeting will be canceled and plan to reconvene in November.
• Meeting concluded at 3:13 p.m.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

MEETING SUMMARY
Steering Committee
November 20, 2025
2:00 – 4:00 p.m.

Attendance
City of La Verne
☒Lonnie Shipman, Chair, City of La Verne Fire
☐Chris Nigg, City of La Verne Fire
☐Candice Bowcock, City of La Verne Community Development ☐JR Rannells, City of La Verne City Manager’s Office
☐Joe Vieyra, City of La Verne Public Works
☐Captain Tibbetts, City of La Verne Police Department
☐Chad Peterson, City of La Verne Community Services
☒David Price, Brackett Field Airport
☐Matthew Neely, Hillcrest
☐Alex Ramirez, Tri-Cities Mental Health
☒Raymond Swain, Firewise Site Lead
☒Scott Burgess, Gilead
☐Steve Storbakken, PVHMC
☐Ian Whyte, Metropolitan Water District
☐Allison Russom, Kingsway Gardens
☒Keith Rumbolo, Vice Chair, Fountains MHP
☐Art Pillan, Foothill Terrace
☒Dane Curtis, Bonita Unified School District
☐Dan Townsend, Hillcrest
☒Alex Soto, ULV
Black & Veatch
☐Rob Flaner, Project Manager
☒Megan Brotherton, Lead Planner
☒Carol Baumann, Risk Assessment Lead
☒Jenny Doan, Planner

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
E . BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

Agenda Item and Summary

1. Welcome

2. Approve
September
Meeting
Summary
• Quorum reached during meeting.
• Keith Rumbolo motioned to approve September meeting. Dane seconded motion. September meeting summary is approved. External version of September meeting summary to be sent to City.

3. Schedule and
Milestones
• The city and consultant team agreed to postpone the public comment period until after the holidays to allow residents to provide input during less busy times.
• Summary overview of next steps were discussed for milestones. o The draft plan will be released for internal city review in December.

After the city completes its review, the Steering Committee (SC) may review specific sections and hazards of interest. The SC is not expected to read the entire plan.
 SC to ensure all names, titles, and organizations listed in the plan are spelled correctly and accurately represent individuals.
o A public meeting will coincide with the public comment period in January. Dates are not yet confirmed.
o A SurveyMonkey tool will be used to collect public comments by section to easily track feedback.
o The SC may consider holding one more SC meeting when the draft plan is released. This would allow SC members to provide comments during the meeting rather than through SurveyMonkey. o Agency Review Process: The plan will be submitted to Cal OES for a 45-day review. After their review and any comments addressed, the draft will be forwarded to FEMA. When FEMA review is complete, an Approval Pending Adoption letter will be issued. Once received, the plan will go to City Council for adoption and then finalized with FEMA.

Survey Results
• Hazard Awareness survey currently has 313 respondents. Of those respondents, 136 showed interest in more information and learning about CERT training. If there is a noticeable increase in interest for CERT training (compared to typical response), include in the plan as successful promotion in the LHMP. CERT classes start in March; by February, City will get a better understanding on number of people interested. This can be added to the recommended agenda for the first-year review of the Mitigation Action Plan.
• January Public Comment Period – The plan will be presented along with instructions on how the public can participate in the comment process.

4. Risk
Assessment
Results
• Maps are still being revised for clarity. Base map for planning area was shown in the meeting to the SC. Base map shows council districts, city boundaries, and outlines. Risk maps will be revised to delineate council districts more clearly to make areas easier to identify.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

Risk maps presented:
• Dam Failure Inundation Zones
o The State website provides a visualization tool for dam failure areas, allowing users to click on a dam and view the projected flow path. DIVISION OF SAFETY OF DAMS (DSOD)
• Earthquake
o Cucamonga M6.88 Earthquake Scenario
o S San Andreas M7.91
o Sierra Madre M7.16
• Landslide Susceptibility
• FEMA Flood Hazard
o SC can submit identified flood problem areas via email to Lonnie and Megan. These areas can be considered for inclusion as mitigation action items.
• Wildfire

5. Risk Ranking • Ranking provides a succinct snapshot for public and decision makers to digest all risk assessment data.
• Risk ranking results were shared and discussed.

Decision: In the plan, include a note on risk ranking for citywide hazards.

Specifically, highlight that in Council District 4, the northern area (approximately 120 homes) is part of a Firewise Community. Add narrative explaining that wildfire risk in this area may be considerably lower due to Firewise participation.

Decision: Lonnie motioned to change the wildfire probability rating to 1.2, making wildfire a high-risk ranking. Raymond seconded the motion.

Action: Raymond to write short paragraph of what’s been done with Firewise for community and share capabilities within Plan.

6. Next Steps • Consultant team to continue finalizing draft plan. SC to review draft plan when it is available for review.
• Communication will be sent out regarding whether another SC meeting will be needed/wanted. CPT to discuss.
• Meeting adjourn 3:39pm Pacific Time.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
~ BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

MEETING SUMMARY
Steering Committee
January 8, 2026
1:30 – 2:30 p.m.

Attendance
City of La Verne
☒Lonnie Shipman, Chair, City of La Verne Fire
☐Chris Nigg, City of La Verne Fire
☒Candice Bowcock, City of La Verne Community Development ☐JR Rannells, City of La Verne City Manager’s Office
☐Joe Vieyra, City of La Verne Public Works
☐Captain Tibbetts, City of La Verne Police Department
☐Chad Peterson, City of La Verne Community Services
☐David Price, Brackett Field Airport
☐Matthew Neely, Hillcrest
☒Alex Ramirez, Tri-Cities Mental Health
☒Raymond Swain, Firewise Site Lead
☒Scott Burgess, Gilead
☒Steve Storbakken, PVHMC
☒Ian Whyte, Metropolitan Water District
☒Christopher Riley, Metropolitan Water District (alternate) ☒Amiel Farnam-Fard, Metropolitan Water District (alternate) ☐Allison Russom, Kingsway Gardens
☒Keith Rumbolo, Vice Chair, Fountains MHP
☐Art Pillan, Foothill Terrace
☒Dane Curtis, Bonita Unified School District
☐Dan Townsend, Hillcrest
☐Alex Soto, ULV
☒Randy Sharp, ULV (alternate)
Black & Veatch
☒Rob Flaner, Project Manager
☒Megan Brotherton, Lead Planner
☐Carol Baumann, Risk Assessment Lead
☒Jenny Doan, Planner

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

Agenda Item and Summary

1. Welcome

2. Approve November
Meeting Summary
• Quorum reached during meeting.
• Raymond Swain motioned to approve November meeting.
• Steven Storbakken seconded motion.

3. Equity Priority Community
Confirmation
• The Steering Committee previously discussed Equity Priority Community definition.
• Confirmed with Steering Committee that the definition is acceptable.

4. Mitigation Goal Review • Every action taken by the city will align with at least one mitigation goal, ensuring mitigation benefits for each action. • FEMA requires that the plan include specific goals that align with mitigation actions.

Decision:
• Steven Storbakken motioned for combined approval of Equity Priority Community definition and mitigation goals as defined. • Raymond Swain seconded motion.

5. Draft Plan Public
Comment Period
a. Meeting
b. Draft Plan Release
• The draft plan will be available for public review for two weeks.

The public is encouraged to review the plan and provide feedback. The Steering Committee is also recommended to participate during this review period.
• The public meeting is scheduled for January 15th 6-7 PM at La Verne City Hall.
• A SurveyMonkey comment tool will be created with categories for each chapter of the plan, allowing the public to add comments relative to specific sections. This will help the City easily review comments and questions and incorporate
revisions as needed.
• The Steering Committee should promote public meeting
attendance and the Draft LHMP comment period through
channels such as social media and print flyers.
o The City posted about the public meeting/comment
period on January 8 and will continue posting every
other day.
o If a Steering Committee member needs a social media
post template to repost or print, please reach out to the BV Team for a copy.
o

6. Next Steps Upcoming Milestones:
• January 13: City Review Draft
• January 15: Public Meeting
• January 19: Public Comment Draft
o Core Planning Team will review and coordinate on
comments.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
City of La Verne
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

• February: Agency Submittal Draft
o After incorporation of comments from the public, draft will be sent to Cal OES for initial review.
• March: Agency Review Period
o 45 days for Cal OES review, then will be forwarded to FEMA for 45-day review
• April: Plan Adoption (TBD)
o BV Team able to support City for any presentations and needs for plan adoption by the City Council.

Action: Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee to promote Public Meeting and review draft plan when it is released!
• Meeting adjourn 2:12 PM Pacific.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

E BLACK & VEATCH
2026 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan | Plan Adoption, Implementation & Maintenance
17-9
Appendix C – Federal &
State Agencies,
Programs & Regulations

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026

FEDERAL
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) seeks to prevent discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, transportation, public accommodation, communications, and government activities. Title II of the ADA deals with compliance with the Act in emergency management and disaster-related programs, services, and activities. It applies to state and local governments as well as third parties, including religious entities and private nonprofit organizations.

The ADA has implications for sheltering requirements and public notifications. During an emergency alert, officials must use a combination of warning methods to ensure that all residents have all necessary information. Those with hearing impairments may not hear radio, television, sirens, or other audible alerts, while those with visual impairments may not see flashing lights or other visual alerts. Two technical documents for shelter operators address physical accessibility needs of people with disabilities, as well as medical needs and service animals.

The ADA intersects with disaster preparedness programs in regard to transportation, social services, temporary housing, and rebuilding. Persons with disabilities may require additional assistance in evacuation and transit (e.g., vehicles with wheelchair lifts or paratransit buses). Evacuation and other response plans should address the unique needs of residents. Local governments may be interested in implementing a special-needs registry to identify the home addresses, contact information, and needs for residents who may require more assistance.

FEMA hazard mitigation project grant applications require full compliance with applicable federal acts. Any action identified in this plan that falls within the scope of this act will need to meet its requirements.

Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or nation origin and requires equal access to public places and employment. The Act is relevant to emergency management and hazard mitigation in that it prohibits local governments from favoring the needs of one population group over another. Local government and emergency response must ensure the continued safety and wellPage 423 of 592 Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
being of all residents equally, to the extent possible. FEMA hazard mitigation project grant applications require full compliance with applicable federal acts. Any action identified in this plan that falls within the scope of this act will need to meet its requirements.

Clean Water Act
The federal Clean Water Act (CWA) employs regulatory and non-regulatory tools to reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance municipal wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff. These tools are employed to achieve the broader goal of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s surface waters so that they can support “the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water.” Evolution of CWA programs over the last decade has included a shift from a programby-program, source-by-source, and pollutant-by-pollutant approach to more holistic watershed-based strategies. Under the watershed approach, equal emphasis is placed on protecting healthy waters and restoring impaired ones. Numerous issues are addressed, not just those subject to CWA regulatory authority. Involvement of stakeholder groups in the development and implementation of strategies for achieving and maintaining water quality and other environmental goals is a hallmark of this approach.

The CWA is important to hazard mitigation in several ways. There are often permitting requirements for any construction within 200 feet of water of the United States, which may have implications for mitigation projects identified by a local jurisdiction.

Additionally, CWA requirements apply to wetlands, which serve important functions related to preserving and protecting the natural and beneficial functions of floodplains and are linked with a community’s floodplain management program.

Finally, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System is part of the CWA and addresses local stormwater management programs. Stormwater management plays a critical role in hazard mitigation by addressing urban drainage or localized flooding issues within jurisdictions.

FEMA hazard mitigation project grant applications require full compliance with applicable federal acts. Any action identified in this plan that falls within the scope of this act will need to meet its requirements.

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Community Development Block Grant Disaster Resilience Program In response to disasters, Congress may appropriate additional funding for the U.S.

Department of Housing and Urban Development Community Development Block Grant programs to be distributed as Disaster Recovery grants (CDBG-DR). These grants can be used to rebuild affected areas and provide seed money to start the recovery process. CDBG-DR assistance may fund a broad range of recovery activities, helping communities and neighborhoods that otherwise might not recover due to limited resources. CDBG-DR grants often supplement disaster programs of FEMA, the Small Business Administration, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Housing and Urban Development generally awards noncompetitive, nonrecurring CDBG-DR grants by a formula that considers disaster recovery needs unmet by other federal disaster assistance programs. To be eligible for CDBG-DR funds, projects must meet the following criteria:
• Address a disaster-related impact (direct or indirect) in a presidentially declared county for the covered disaster.
• Be a CDBG-eligible activity (according to regulations and waivers). • Meet a national objective.

Incorporating preparedness and mitigation into these actions is encouraged, as the goal is to rebuild in ways that are safer and stronger. CDBG-DR funding is a potential alternative source of funding for actions identified in this plan.

Community Rating System
The CRS is a voluntary program within the NFIP that encourages floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. Flood insurance premiums are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from community actions meeting the following three goals of the CRS:
• Reduce flood losses.
• Facilitate accurate insurance rating.
• Promote awareness of flood insurance.

For participating communities, flood insurance premium rates are discounted in increments of 5 percent. For example, a Class 1 community would receive a 45 percent premium discount, and a Class 9 community would receive a 5 percent discount. (Class 10 communities are those that do not participate in the CRS; they receive no

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discount.) The discount partially depends on location of the property. Properties outside the special flood hazard area receive smaller discounts: a 10-percent discount if the community is at Class 1 to 6 and a 5 percent discount if the community is at Class 7 to 9. The CRS classes for local communities are based on 18 creditable activities in the following categories:
• Public information.
• Mapping and regulations.
• Flood damage reduction.
• Flood preparedness.

CRS activities can help to save lives and reduce property damage. Communities participating in the CRS represent a significant portion of the nation’s flood risk; over 66 percent of the NFIP’s policy base is located in these communities. Communities receiving premium discounts through the CRS range from small to large and represent a broad mixture of flood risks, including both coastal and riverine flood risks.

Disaster Mitigation Act
The DMA is the current federal legislation addressing hazard mitigation planning. It emphasizes planning for disasters before they occur. It specifically addresses planning at the local level, requiring plans to be in place before Hazard Mitigation Assistance grant funds are available to communities. This plan is designed to meet the requirements of DMA, improving eligibility for future hazard mitigation funds.

Emergency Relief for Federally Owned Roads Program
The U.S. Forest Service’s Emergency Relief for Federally Owned Roads Program was established to assist federal agencies with repair or reconstruction of tribal transportation facilities, federal lands transportation facilities, and other federally owned roads that are open to public travel and have suffered serious damage by a natural disaster over a wide area or by a catastrophic failure. The program funds both emergency and permanent repairs. Eligible activities under this program meet some of the goals and objectives for this plan and the program is a possible funding source for actions identified in this plan.

Emergency Watershed Program
The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) administers the Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP) Program, which responds to emergencies created by

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natural disasters. Eligibility for assistance is not dependent on a national emergency declaration. The program is designed to help people and conserve natural resources by relieving imminent hazards to life and property caused by floods, fires, windstorms, and other natural occurrences. EWP is an emergency recovery program. Financial and technical assistance are available for the following activities:
• Remove debris from stream channels, road culverts, and bridges. • Reshape and protect eroded banks.
• Correct damaged drainage facilities.
• Establish cover on critically eroding lands.
• Repair levees and structures.
• Repair conservation practices.

This federal program could be a possible funding source for actions identified in this plan.

Endangered Species Act
The federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) was enacted in 1973 to conserve species facing depletion or extinction and the ecosystems that support them. The act sets forth a process for determining which species are threatened and endangered and requires the conservation of the critical habitat in which those species live. The ESA provides broad protection for species of fish, wildlife and plants that are listed as threatened or endangered. Provisions are made for listing species, as well as for recovery plans and the designation of critical habitat for listed species. The ESA outlines procedures for federal agencies to follow when taking actions that may jeopardize listed species and contains exceptions and exemptions. It is the enabling legislation for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Criminal and civil penalties are provided for violations of the ESA and the Convention.

Federal agencies must seek to conserve endangered and threatened species and use their authorities in furtherance of the ESA’s purposes. The ESA defines three fundamental terms:
• Endangered means that a species of fish, animal or plant is “in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” (For salmon and other vertebrate species, this may include subspecies and distinct population segments.)

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• Threatened means that a species “is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future.” Regulations may be less restrictive for threatened species than for endangered species.
• Critical habitat means “specific geographical areas that are…essential for the conservation and management of a listed species, whether occupied by the species or not.”
Five sections of the ESA are of critical importance to understanding it:
• Section 4: Listing of a Species—The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries) is responsible for listing marine species; the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for listing terrestrial and freshwater aquatic species. The agencies may initiate reviews for listings, or residents may petition for them. A listing must be made “solely on the basis of the best scientific and commercial data available.” After a listing has been proposed, agencies receive comment and conduct further scientific reviews for 12 to 18 months, after which they must decide if the listing is warranted. Economic impacts cannot be considered in this decision, but it may include an evaluation of the adequacy of local and state protections. Critical habitat for the species may be designated at the time of listing. • Section 7: Consultation—Federal agencies must ensure that any action they authorize, fund, or carry out is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed or proposed species or adversely modify its critical habitat. This includes private and public actions that require a federal permit. Once a final listing is made, non-federal actions are subject to the same review, termed a “consultation.” If the listing agency finds that an action will “take” a species, it must propose mitigations or “reasonable and prudent” alternatives to the action; if the proponent rejects these, the action cannot proceed. • Section 9: Prohibition of Take—It is unlawful to “take” an endangered species, including killing or injuring it or modifying its habitat in a way that interferes with essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, feeding or sheltering. • Section 10: Permitted Take—Through voluntary agreements with the federal government that provide protections to an endangered species, a non-federal applicant may commit a take that would otherwise be prohibited as long as it is incidental to an otherwise lawful activity (such as developing land or building a road). These agreements often take the form of a “Habitat Conservation Plan.”

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• Section 11: Citizen Lawsuits—Civil actions initiated by any citizen can require the listing agency to enforce the ESA’s prohibition of taking or to meet the requirements of the consultation process.

FEMA hazard mitigation project grant applications require full compliance with applicable federal acts. Any action identified in this plan that falls within the scope of this act will need to meet its requirements.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Dam Safety Program The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) cooperates with a large number of federal and state agencies to ensure and promote dam safety. More than 3,000 dams are part of regulated hydroelectric projects in the FERC program. Two-thirds of these are more than 50 years old. As dams age, concern about their safety and integrity grows, so oversight and regular inspection are important. FERC inspects hydroelectric projects on an unscheduled basis to investigate the following:
• Potential dam safety problems
• Complaints about constructing and operating a project • Safety concerns related to natural disasters
• Issues concerning compliance with the terms and conditions of a license.

Every 5 years, an independent engineer approved by the FERC must inspect and evaluate projects with dams higher than 32.8 feet (10 meters), or with a total storage capacity of more than 2,000 acre-feet.

FERC monitors seismic research and applies it in performing structural analyses of hydroelectric projects. FERC also evaluates the effects of potential and actual large floods on the safety of dams. During and following floods, FERC visits dams and licensed projects, determines the extent of damage, if any, and directs any necessary studies or remedial measures the licensee must undertake. The FERC publication Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects guides the FERC engineering staff and licensees in evaluating dam safety. The publication is frequently revised to reflect current information and methodologies.

FERC requires licensees to prepare emergency action plans and conducts training sessions on how to develop and test these plans. The plans outline an early warning system if there is an actual or potential sudden release of water from a dam due to failure. The plans include operational procedures that may be used, such as reducing

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reservoir levels and reducing downstream flows, as well as procedures for notifying affected residents and agencies responsible for emergency management. These plans are frequently updated and tested to ensure that everyone knows what to do in emergency situations.

National Dam Safety Act
Potential for catastrophic flooding due to dam failures led to passage of the National Dam Inspection Act in 1972, creation of the National Dam Safety Program in 1996, and reauthorization of the program through the Dam Safety Act in 2006. National Dam Safety Program, administered by FEMA requires a periodic engineering analysis of the majority of dams in the country; exceptions include the following:
• Dams under jurisdiction of the Bureau of Reclamation, Tennessee Valley Authority, or International Boundary and Water Commission • Dams constructed pursuant to licenses issued under the Federal Power Act • Dams that the Secretary of the Army determines do not pose any threat to human life or property.

The goal of this FEMA-monitored effort is to identify and mitigate the risk of dam failure so as to protect lives and property of the public. The National Dam Safety Program is a partnership among the states, federal agencies, and other stakeholders that encourages individual and community responsibility for dam safety. Under FEMA’s leadership, state assistance funds have allowed all participating states to improve their programs through increased inspections, emergency action planning, and purchases of needed equipment. FEMA has also expanded existing and initiated new training programs. Grant assistance from FEMA provides support for improvement of dam safety programs that regulate most of the dams in the United States.

National Environmental Policy Act
The National Environmental Policy Act requires federal agencies to consider the environmental impacts of proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions, alongside technical and economic considerations. The National Environmental Policy Act established the Council on Environmental Quality, whose regulations (40 CFR Parts 1500-1508) set standards for compliance. Consideration and decision-making regarding environmental impacts must be documented in an environmental impact statement or environmental assessment. Environmental impact assessment requires the evaluation of reasonable alternatives to a proposed

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action, solicitation of input from organizations and individuals that could be affected, and an unbiased presentation of direct, indirect, and cumulative environmental impacts. FEMA hazard mitigation project grant applications require full compliance with applicable federal acts. Any action identified in this plan that falls within the scope of this act will need to meet its requirements.

National Flood Insurance Program
The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) makes federally backed flood insurance available to homeowners, renters, and business owners in participating communities that enact floodplain regulations. Participation and good standing under NFIP are prerequisites to grant funding eligibility under the Robert T. Stafford Act.

For most participating communities, FEMA has prepared a detailed Flood Insurance Study. The study presents water surface elevations for floods of various magnitudes, including the 1-percent-annual-chance flood and the 0.2-percent-annual-chance flood. Base flood elevations and the boundaries of the flood hazard areas are shown on Flood Insurance Rate Maps, which are the principle tool for identifying the extent and location of the flood hazard. Flood Insurance Rate Maps are the most detailed and consistent data source available, and for many communities they represent the minimum area of oversight under the local floodplain management program. In recent years, Flood Insurance Rate Maps have been digitized as Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps, which are more accessible to residents, local governments and stakeholders.

NFIP participants must, at a minimum, regulate development in floodplain areas in accordance with NFIP criteria. Before issuing a permit to build in a floodplain, participating jurisdictions must ensure that three criteria are met:
• New buildings and those undergoing substantial improvements must, at a minimum, be elevated to protect against damage by the 1 percent annual chance flood.
• New floodplain development must not aggravate existing flood problems or increase damage to other properties.
• New floodplain development must exercise a reasonable and prudent effort to reduce its adverse impacts on threatened salmonid species.

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NFIP participation is limited to local governments that possess permit authority and have the ability to adopt and enforce regulations that govern land use. This does not typically apply to special purpose districts. None of the special purpose district planning partners covered by this plan are eligible to participate in the NFIP, so their action plans do not address NFIP participation.

National Incident Management System
The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is a systematic approach for government, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to work together to manage incidents involving hazards. The NIMS provides a flexible but standardized set of incident management practices. Incidents typically begin and end locally, and they are managed at the lowest possible geographical, organizational, and jurisdictional level. In some cases, success depends on the involvement of multiple jurisdictions, levels of government, functional agencies, and emergency responder disciplines. These cases necessitate coordination across a spectrum of organizations.

Communities using NIMS follow a comprehensive national approach that improves the effectiveness of emergency management and response personnel across the full spectrum of potential hazards (including natural hazards, technological hazards, and human-caused hazards) regardless of size or complexity.

Although participation is voluntary, federal departments and agencies are required to make adoption of NIMS by local and state jurisdictions a condition to receive federal preparedness grants and awards. The content of this plan is considered to be a viable support tool for any phase of emergency management. The NIMS program is considered as a response function, and information in this hazard mitigation plan can support the implementation and update of all NIMS-compliant plans within the Planning Area.

National Landslide Preparedness Act
The 2021 National Landslide Preparedness Act authorized a national landslide hazards reduction program and a 3D elevation program within the USGS. This broadened the existing Landslide Hazards Program (under the Natural Hazards Mission Area) and the 3D Elevation Program (under the National Geospatial Program). The act required coordination among federal agencies through an Interagency Coordinating Committee on Landslide Hazards representing USGS and other agencies. The act calls

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for development of a national strategy for landslide loss reduction and a publicly accessible national landslide database of landslide hazard and risk.

Presidential Executive Order 11988, Floodplain Management Executive Order 11988 requires federal agencies to avoid to the extent possible the long and short-term adverse impacts associated with the occupancy and modification of floodplains and to avoid direct and indirect support of floodplain development wherever there is a practicable alternative. It requires federal agencies to provide leadership and take action to reduce the risk of flood loss, minimize the impact of floods on human safety, health, and welfare, and restore and preserve the natural and beneficial values of floodplains. The requirements apply to the following activities:
• Acquiring, managing, and disposing of federal lands and facilities. • Providing federally undertaken, financed, or assisted construction and improvements.
• Conducting federal activities and programs affecting land use, including but not limited to water and related land resources planning, regulation, and licensing.

Presidential Executive Order 11990, Protection of Wetlands Executive Order 11990 requires federal agencies to provide leadership and take action to minimize the destruction, loss or degradation of wetlands, and to preserve and enhance the natural and beneficial values of wetlands. The requirements apply to the following activities:
• Acquiring, managing, and disposing of federal lands and facilities • Providing federally undertaken, financed, or assisted construction and improvements
• Conducting federal activities and programs affecting land use, including but not limited to water and related land resources planning, regulation, and licensing.

All actions identified in this plan will seek full compliance with all applicable presidential executive orders.

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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dam Safety Program
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers operates and maintains approximately 700 dams nationwide. It is also responsible for safety inspections of some federal and nonfederal dams in the United States that meet the size and storage limitations specified in the National Dam Safety Act. The Corps has inventoried dams; surveyed each state and federal agency’s capabilities, practices and regulations regarding design, construction, operation and maintenance of the dams; and developed guidelines for inspection and evaluation of dam safety. The Corps maintains the National Inventory of Dams, which contains information about a dam’s location, size, purpose, type, last inspection and regulatory status.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Flood Hazard Management
The following U.S. Army Corps of Engineers authorities and programs related to flood hazard management:
• The Floodplain Management Services program offers 100 percent federally funded technical services such as development and interpretation of sitespecific data related to the extent, duration and frequency of flooding. Special studies may be conducted to help a community understand and respond to flood risk. These may include flood hazard evaluation, flood warning and preparedness, or flood modeling.
• For more extensive studies, the Corps of Engineers offers a cost-shared program called Planning Assistance to States and Tribes. Studies under this program generally range from $25,000 to $100,000 with the local jurisdiction providing 50 percent of the cost.
• The Corps of Engineers has several cost-shared programs (typically 65 percent federal and 35 percent non-federal) aimed at developing, evaluating and implementing structural and non-structural capital projects to address flood risks at specific locations or within a specific watershed:
o The Continuing Authorities Program for smaller-scale projects includes Section 205 for Flood Control, with a $7 million federal limit and Section 14 for Emergency Streambank Protection with a $1.5 million federal limit.

These can be implemented without specific authorization from Congress.
o Larger scale studies, referred to as General Investigations, and projects for flood risk management, for ecosystem restoration or to address other

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water resource issues, can be pursued through a specific authorization from Congress and are cost-shared, typically at 65 percent federal and 35 percent non-federal.
o Watershed management planning studies can be specifically authorized and are cost-shared at 50 percent federal and 50 percent non-federal.
• The Corps of Engineers provides emergency response assistance during and following natural disasters. Public Law 84-99 enables the Corps to assist state and local authorities in flood fight activities and cost share in the repair of flood protective structures. Assistance is provided in the flowing categories:
o Preparedness—The Flood Control and Coastal Emergency Act establishes an emergency fund for preparedness for emergency response to natural disasters; for flood fighting and rescue operations; for rehabilitation of flood control and hurricane protection structures.

Funding for Corps of Engineers emergency response under this authority is provided by Congress through the annual Energy and Water Development Appropriation Act. Disaster preparedness activities include coordination, planning, training and conduct of response exercises with local, state and federal agencies.
o Response Activities—Public Law 84-99 allows the Corps of Engineers to supplement state and local entities in flood fighting urban and other non-agricultural areas under certain conditions (Engineering Regulation 500-1-1 provides specific details). All flood fight efforts require a project cooperation agreement signed by the public sponsor and the sponsor must remove all flood fight material after the flood has receded. Public Law 84-99 also authorizes emergency water support and drought assistance in certain situations and allows for “advance measures” assistance to prevent or reduce flood damage conditions of imminent threat of unusual flooding.
o Rehabilitation—Under Public Law 84-99, an eligible flood protection system can be rehabilitated if damaged by a flood event. The flood system would be restored to its pre-disaster status at no cost to the federal system owner, and at 20 percent cost to the eligible non-federal system owner. All systems considered eligible for Public Law 84-99 rehabilitation assistance have to be in the Rehabilitation and Inspection

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Program prior to the flood event. Acceptable operation and maintenance by the public levee sponsor are verified by levee inspections conducted by the Corps on a regular basis. The Corps has the responsibility to coordinate levee repair issues with interested federal, state, and local agencies following natural disaster events where flood control works are damaged.

These authorities and programs are all available to the planning partners to support any related mitigation actions.

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Safety Evaluation of Existing Dams Program
The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s Safety Evaluation of Existing Dams Program was officially implemented in 1978 with passage of the Reclamation Safety of Dams Act (Public Law 95-578). This act was amended in 1984 under Public Law 98-404, in 2000 under Public Law 106-377, in 2002 under Public Law 107-117, and in 2004 under Public Law 108-439. Program development and administration of dam safety activities is the responsibility of the Bureau of Reclamation’s Dam Safety Office located in Denver, Colorado.

Dams must be operated and maintained in a safe manner, ensured through inspections for safety deficiencies, analyses utilizing current technologies and designs, and corrective actions if needed based on current engineering practices. In addition, future evaluations should include assessments of benefits foregone with the loss of a dam. For example, a failed dam can no longer provide needed fish and wildlife benefits.

The primary emphasis of the Safety Evaluation of Existing Dams program is to perform site evaluations and to identify potential safety deficiencies on Bureau of Reclamation and other Interior Department dams. The basic objective is to quickly identify dams which pose an increased threat to the public, and to quickly complete the related analyses in order to expedite corrective action decisions and safeguard the public and associated resources. The selected course of action relies on assessments of risks and liabilities with environmental and public involvement input to the decision-making process.

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U.S. Fire Administration
There are federal agencies that provide technical support to fire agencies/organizations. For example, the U.S. Fire Administration, which is a part of FEMA, provides leadership, advocacy, coordination, and support for fire agencies and organizations.

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STATE
AB 32: The California Global Warming Solutions Act
This bill identifies the following potential adverse impacts of global warming:
“… the exacerbation of air quality problems, a reduction in the quality and supply of water to the state from the Sierra snowpack, a rise in sea levels resulting in the displacement of thousands of coastal businesses and residences, damage to marine ecosystems and the natural environment, and an increase in the incidences of infectious diseases, asthma, and other human health-related problems.”
AB 32 establishes a state goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 (a reduction of approximately 25 percent from forecast emission levels), with further reductions to follow. The law requires the state Air Resources Board to do the following:
• Establish a program to track and report greenhouse gas emissions. • Approve a scoping plan for achieving the maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective reductions from sources of greenhouse gas emissions. • Adopt early reduction measures to begin moving forward. • Adopt, implement, and enforce regulations—including market mechanisms such as “cap and-trade” programs—to ensure that the required reductions occur.

The Air Resources Board has adopted a statewide greenhouse gas emissions limit and an emissions inventory, along with requirements to measure, track, and report greenhouse gas emissions by the industries it determined to be significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions.

AB 38: Fire Safety: Low-Cost Retrofits: Regional Capacity Review:

Wildfire Mitigation
Requires the seller of any real property located in a high or very fire hazard severity zone to provide a disclosure notice, as specified, to the buyer with information relating to fire hardening improvements on the property.

Requires the California Natural Resources Agency, in consultation with the State Fire Marshal and the Forest Management Task Force, to review the regional capacity of

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each county that contains a very high fire hazard severity zone to improve forest health, fire resilience, and safety.

Requires the California Office of Emergency Services to enter into a joint powers agreement with the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection to administer a comprehensive wildfire mitigation and assistance program to encourage costeffective structure hardening and facilitate vegetation management, contingent upon appropriation by the Legislature.

AB 70: Flood Liability
This bill provides that a city or county may be required to contribute a fair and reasonable share to compensate for property damage caused by a flood to the extent that it has increased the state’s exposure to liability for property damage by unreasonably approving new development in a previously undeveloped area that is protected by a state flood control project, unless the city or county meets specified requirements.

AB 162: Flood Planning
This California State Assembly Bill passed in 2007 requires cities and counties to address flood-related matters in the land use, conservation, and safety and housing elements of their general plans. The land use element must identify and annually review the areas covered by the general plan that are subject to flooding as identified in floodplain mapping by either FEMA or the state Department of Water Resources (DWR). During the next revision of the housing element on or after January 1, 2009, the conservation element of the general plan must identify rivers, creeks, streams, flood corridors, riparian habitat, and land that may accommodate floodwater for the purpose of groundwater recharge and stormwater management. The safety element must identify information regarding flood hazards, including:
• Flood hazard zones.
• Maps published by FEMA, DWR, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Central Valley Flood Protection Board, and the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES).
• Historical data on flooding.
• Existing and planned development in flood hazard zones.

Agenda Packet - October 5, 2026
The general plan must establish goals, policies and objectives related to flooding risks, including:
• Avoiding or minimizing the risks of flooding new development. • Evaluating whether new development should be located in flood hazard zones. • Identifying construction methods to minimize damage.

AB 162 establishes goals, policies and objectives related to flooding risks. It establishes procedures for the determination of available land suitable for urban development, which may exclude lands where FEMA or DWR has concluded that the flood management infrastructure is not adequate to avoid the risk of flooding.

AB 642: Wildfires
This omnibus fire prevention bill makes changes to support cultural and prescribed fire, including the creation of a Cultural Burning Liaison at the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, and requires a proposal for creating a prescribed fire training center in California. The Act requires the Director of Forestry and Fire Protection to identify areas in the state as moderate and high fire hazard severity zones and to classify areas into fire hazard severity zones based on additional factors including possible lightning caused ignition. The bill requires a local agency, within 30 days of receiving a transmittal from the director that identifies fire hazard severity zones, to make the information available for public comment.

AB 747: Required Information for General Plan Safety Elements This bill requires California communities with general plans to address evacuation routes in the safety element of the general plan. Information on the evacuation routes and their capacity, safety and viability under a range of emergency scenarios must be provided. For communities that have not adopted a local hazard mitigation plan, the safety element must be updated with this information by January 1, 2022. For those with a local hazard mitigation plan, the requirement applies upon the next revision of the hazard mitigation plan on or after January 1, 2022. Communities that have adopted a local hazard mitigation plan, emergency operations plan, or other document that fulfills the goals and objectives of this law may comply with this requirement by summarizing and incorporating by reference the other plan or document in the safety element.