118_09122024%20Agenda%20Packet%20reduced%20file%20size%20page%20numbers — Newark City Council, September 12, 2024 (part 4 of 5)

WR Delta
Field
Division
Emergency
Action Plan
(EAP)
Seminar
X During this
meeting, Alec
Tune,
Fremont
OES, notified
all that the
Tri-City
LHMP
project was
underway and
welcomed
them to
participate in
the Plan
development
process
Packet Page No. 1159
Tri-City A-188
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency Name/ Contact Date Mechanism Contacted
via
Mail/email
Contacted
via Phone
Contacted
Face-to
Face/Virtual
Meeting
Topics
Discussed
LARPD / Emily Muniz 7/13/2023 Meeting:

WR Delta
Field
Division
Emergency
Action Plan
(EAP)
Seminar
X During this
meeting, Alec
Tune,
Fremont
OES, notified
all that the
Tri-City
LHMP
project was
underway and
welcomed
them to
participate in
the Plan
development
process
Packet Page No. 1160
Tri-City A-189
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency Name/ Contact Date Mechanism Contacted
via
Mail/email
Contacted
via Phone
Contacted
Face-to
Face/Virtual
Meeting
Topics
Discussed
Cal OES / Brian Buchhout 7/13/2023 Meeting:

WR Delta
Field
Division
Emergency
Action Plan
(EAP)
Seminar
X During this
meeting, Alec
Tune,
Fremont
OES, notified
all that the
Tri-City
LHMP
project was
underway and
welcomed
them to
participate in
the Plan
development
process
City of Newark/
Michael Hammon,
Mayor/Chair
David Benoun, City manager
Lenka Hovorka, Assistant
City Manager
Krysten Lee, Finance
Director
Soren Fajeau, Public Works
Director
Steven Turner, Community
Development Director
Gina Anderson, Police Chief
Ed Miranda, Information
Technology Director
Jane Maoas, Police Chief
6/22/2022 Meeting:

Newark
Disaster
Council
X During this
meeting,
Richard
Martinez,
Newark OES,
notified all
that the TriCity LHMP
project was
going to be
started soon
and would
welcome their
input
Packet Page No. 1161
Tri-City A-190
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency Name/ Contact Date Mechanism Contacted
via
Mail/email
Contacted
via Phone
Contacted
Face-to
Face/Virtual
Meeting
Topics
Discussed
Ohlone / Director of
Campus Police
6/22/2022 Meeting:

Newark
Disaster
Council
X During this
meeting,
Richard
Martinez,
Newark OES,
notified all
that the TriCity LHMP
project was
underway
would
welcome
input to the
Plan
ACFD / Lincoln Casimere,
Emergency Manager
6/22/2022 Meeting:

Newark
Disaster
Council
X During this
meeting,
Richard
Martinez,
Newark OES,
notified all
that the TriCity LHMP
project was
underway
would
welcome
input to the
Plan
National Weather Service/
Brian Garcia
10/31/2023 X Reached out
to Brian
Garcia, NWS,
to see if he
could obtain a
record of red
flag days
affecting the
Tri-City
Planning Area
since 2016
PG&E / Barry Stallard 10/31/2023 X Reached out
to Barry
Stallard,
PF&E, to see
if they could
provide a
record PSPS
events
affecting the
Tri-City
Planning Area
since 2016
Packet Page No. 1162
Tri-City A-191
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency Name/ Contact Date Mechanism Contacted
via
Mail/email
Contacted
via Phone
Contacted
Face-to
Face/Virtual
Meeting
Topics
Discussed
California Highway Patrol /
Brent Bartusch
Tim Willcock
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Alameda County Sheriff’s
Office / David Blanchard
Thomas Boyd
Andrew Brosi
Val Courtney
Matthew Farrunggia
Marc Petrini
Yesenia Sanchez
Brett Scheuller
Jason Podany
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Sunol Fire Safe
Coalition/Diablo Fire Safe
Council / Rosemary Chang
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Packet Page No. 1163
Tri-City A-192
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency Name/ Contact Date Mechanism Contacted
via
Mail/email
Contacted
via Phone
Contacted
Face-to
Face/Virtual
Meeting
Topics
Discussed
SF Public Utilities
Commission /
Scott Chenue
Marcus L. Coleman
Rick Duffey
Josh Gale
Amanda Giggins
Pat Jones
Clayton Koopmann
Jeremy Lukins
Oscar Miron
Tim Ramirez
Brad Killgore
Ed Skubic
Victor Rivers
Kyle Randolph
Robert Cyr
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
SF PUC Lessee: Cronin
Ranch /
John Cronin
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Sunol Citizens Advisory
Council / Connie De Grange
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Packet Page No. 1164
Tri-City A-193
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency Name/ Contact Date Mechanism Contacted
via
Mail/email
Contacted
via Phone
Contacted
Face-to
Face/Virtual
Meeting
Topics
Discussed
Santa Clara County Fire
Department / Brian Glass
Dennis Lollie
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
East Bay Regional Park
District /
Matt Graul
Ernie Haga
Mark Pollard
Bordon Willey
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Cal Fire /
George Huang
Jeff Nichols
Ed Orre
Matt Collyer
Omar Jesus
Baraka Carter
Ratt Westerman
Cody Schaake
John Reynolds
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Packet Page No. 1165
Tri-City A-194
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency Name/ Contact Date Mechanism Contacted
via
Mail/email
Contacted
via Phone
Contacted
Face-to
Face/Virtual
Meeting
Topics
Discussed
SF PUC Lessee / Imhof
Tractor Service, Inc. / Frank
Imhof
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
California Department of
Fish & Wildlife / Ryan
McCoy
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Alameda County Fire
Department / Eric Moore
Derrick Thomas
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Packet Page No. 1166
Tri-City A-195
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency Name/ Contact Date Mechanism Contacted
via
Mail/email
Contacted
via Phone
Contacted
Face-to
Face/Virtual
Meeting
Topics
Discussed
Spring Valley Fire
Department /
Jerry Serpa
Simon So
M. Hacke
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Livermore-Pleasanton Fire
Department / Jason Solak
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Pacific Gas & Electric /
Barry Stallard
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Packet Page No. 1167
Tri-City A-196
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency Name/ Contact Date Mechanism Contacted
via
Mail/email
Contacted
via Phone
Contacted
Face-to
Face/Virtual
Meeting
Topics
Discussed
Alameda County Board of
Supervisors / Shawn Wildon
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Pleasanton Police
Department /
Jacey Kurtz
Jason Knight
6/1/2023 2023 First
Responders
Meeting
X Alec attended
the first
responder’s
meeting and
announced
the Tri-City
LHMP
Update
project and let
people know
how they
could be
involved in
the process
Packet Page No. 1168
Tri-City A-197
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
CA DWR / Michael Gill
Hi Jeanine,
Please see attachments for the flood insurance information on Fremont, Newark, and Union City. If you need anything else please let me know.

Best,
From: Jeanine Foster <[email protected]> Sent: Thursday, June 29, 2023 12:04 PM
To: Gill, Michael@DWR <[email protected]>
Subject: RE: NFIP Data Request
Hi Gill,
I wanted to follow up on this previous request for the Cities of Fremont, Newark and Union City. The reports are dated 12/2/2022. The communities, especially Fremont found this very helpful as Fremont participates in the CRS program. They are wondering if this data has been updated since 12/2022 or how often they are updated. They are preparing for a CRS visit the end of July.

Can you update this flood insurance information (similar to the below request) if there is more recent data?
Thanks very much. I hope you are having a good start to your summer.

Jeanine Foster
Foster Morrison Consulting
(303) 717-7171
Packet Page No. 1169
Tri-City A-198
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
USGS / Anne Wein
Hi Jeanine
I appreciate that you are on to the science of hazards.

Here's my follow up so far:

1. HayWired Hazus
results: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5d2e5ae8e4b038fabe22dddc

2. HayWired fire following earthquake results: https://www.usgs.gov/data/fire-followingmw-70-haywired-earthquake-scenario

3. Hayward fault scenarios (simulations) - M6.8, M7.0 and M7.2 (Hayward + Calavederas) https://earthquake.usgs.gov/education/shakingsimulations/hayward/ HayWired is M7.0 with Oakland epicenter

5. USGS earthquake scenario
catalog: https://usgs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=14d2f75c7c4 f4619936dac0d14e1e468
I am consulting with seismologists on advice for selecting from these scenarios. If you click on stars/epecienters near fremont a set of scenarios is available for viewing.

6. Liquefaction and sea-level rise
storymap: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/b5f973b6e4da45258c0b5a5368ca26f7

7. Jamie Albrecht for Berkeley LHMP. Contact information is [email protected]

8. Let me know if you need help contacting CGS about shallow landslides.

Happy to take any questions. I'm seeking advice on the 4-5 scenarios for you.

Regards
Anne Wein
Packet Page No. 1170
Tri-City A-199
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
USGS / David Wald
Hi Jeanine,
I run the ShakeMap/PAGER systems at USGS and I’ll be glad to advise on the use of our scenarios. You might first peruse our scenario catalog, in particular, open the scenario map browser and zoom into the region of interest to see what scenarios are already available. One can list the events on the map with the up arrow on the bottom of the page and use the layer commands to control other aspects of the view. Any event you select will take you right to the ShakeMap web page for that event.

Whether or not that works for you, we can discuss what your needs are, and we’ll help find what you need. I am available today (Friday), but I have quite substantial travel coming up.

Cheers,
David
From: Wein, Anne <[email protected]>
Date: Thursday, June 29, 2023 at 8:12 PM
To: jeanine.foster <[email protected]>, Wald, David J <[email protected]> Subject: EQ Scenarios for tri-city LHMP
Hello Jeanine and David
I am introducing you to each other about earthquake scenario selection for Fremont, Newark and Union City LHMP.

Regards
Anne
Packet Page No. 1171
Tri-City A-200
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Cal OES Tsunami Program / Yvette Duke
Hi Yvette,
We are the consultants working on the Tri-City LHMP in Alameda County. Alec Tune is the local project lead – you might have met him during CESA this year. We have been doing LHMPs in California since 2004 but always want to make sure we keep up on the most current available data and resources.

I was wondering if you had any time to discuss Tsunami and Earthquake hazards in Alameda County. I would also be interested in connecting with your Hazus person at some point.

Let me know if you have time for a call this week. Next week would work also.

Thank you very much,
Jeanine Foster
Foster Morrison Consulting
(303) 717-7117
From: LaDuke, Yvette@CalOES <[email protected]> Sent: Wednesday, May 10, 2023 10:56 AM
To: Jeanine Foster <[email protected]>; Alec Tune <[email protected]> Subject: RE: Project Kickoff: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Thank you Jeanine. 2021 is the most recent dataset for the tsunami hazard areas.

Packet Page No. 1172
Tri-City A-201
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Cal OES Tsunami Program / Yvette Duke
Hi,
Thanks for the email. The last Tsunami dataset we used was from 2021. We will be sure to reach out to ensure we have the most current data sources for this project.

Thanks again,
Jeanine Foster
Foster Morrison Consulting
(303) 717-7171
From: Alec Tune <[email protected]>
Sent: Wednesday, May 10, 2023 9:29 AM
To: LaDuke, Yvette@CalOES <[email protected]> Cc: Jeanine Foster <[email protected]>
Subject: RE: Project Kickoff: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Hi Yvette:

Appreciate it.

Our second meeting – on August 17 in the afternoon, held in nearby Newark – and will dive into risk assessment. It would be great if you can attend, if you happen to be free then.

We plan to incorporate Cal OES’ latest (2022) Tsunami mapping into the plan, and will be in touch with any questions as we go. I’m copying in Jeanine, our consultant.

Thanks!
Alec
Alec Tune

EMERGENCY SERVICES MANAGER
City of Fremont | Fire Department
3300 Capitol Ave. Bldg. A, Fremont, CA 94538
(510) 494-4256 | [email protected]
Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Nextdoor | Website | Nixle | MyFremont Packet Page No. 1173
Tri-City A-202
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
California Geological Survey Tsunami Unit / Nick Graehl, Engineering Geologist From: Alec Tune <[email protected]>
Sent: Tuesday, July 11, 2023 1:37 PM
To: Graehl, Nicholas@DOC <[email protected]> Cc: Wilson, Rick@DOC <[email protected]>; Bott, Jacqueline@DOC <[email protected]>; Palmer, Matthew@CalOES <[email protected]>; Jeanine Foster <[email protected]> Subject: RE: Tri-City LHMP Planning Committee Meeting #2 (Risk Assessment) Hi Nick,
Great! I hope DOC can join us, along with Cal OES.

We’re committed to incorporating the latest and best tsunami information into our new LHMP. (I’m copying in Jeanine Foster, of Foster Morrison Consulting, whose team is in the midst of data collection for the risk assessment at the moment.)
Given the large number of attendees at our Planning Committee meetings, we’ve decided to opt for inperson only. I hope that won’t dissuade you from attending – as we’d really like to have our State partners as a part of this important project.

Alec
Alec Tune

EMERGENCY SERVICES MANAGER
City of Fremont | Fire Department
3300 Capitol Ave. Bldg. A, Fremont, CA 94538
(510) 494-4256 | [email protected]
Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Nextdoor | Website | Nixle | MyFremont From: Graehl, Nicholas@DOC <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, July 11, 2023 12:14 PM
To: Alec Tune <[email protected]>
Cc: Wilson, Rick@DOC <[email protected]>; Bott, Jacqueline@DOC <[email protected]>; Palmer, Matthew@CalOES <[email protected]> Subject: Tri-City LHMP Planning Committee Meeting #2 (Risk Assessment) Good afternoon,
Matt Palmer forwarded the meeting invite to our group, as we are all a part of the California Tsunami Program, which is composed of Cal OES and California Geological Survey (CGS) tsunami subject matter experts. We can help relay tsunami information for your Tri-City MJ LHMP project.

Was there an option to attend virtually?
Thank you,
Packet Page No. 1174
Tri-City A-203
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
California Geological Survey Tsunami Unit / Nick Graehl, Engineering Geologist Hi Nick,
We are the consultants working with Alec Tune on the LHMP for the Tri-City area. I see you work in the Tsunami Program. We have the current Tsunami GIS layer. I am wondering if you can help with a related data needs question. We are trying to locate where we can obtain a GIS layer for the Landslide Zone
Mapping: https://gis.data.ca.gov/maps/08d18656a0194881a7e0f95fde19f08c/explore?location=37.15068 7%2C-120.122077%2C7.98
The site doesn’t seem to have a GIS download option. We have the layers for Earthquake induced landslide and for Susceptibility to Deep-seated landslides, but have not found where to download the GIS data for the landslide zone mapping data.

I saw you are with the Department of Conservation, is this something you can help with or can direct me to who might be able to provide the data?
I had tried to leave messages with the GIS person with CGS and have not received a response. Any help would be much appreciated.

Also, as mentioned, we do have the Tsunami evacuation layer, is there any other current information we should be referring to for the LHMP?
Thank you very much,
Jeanine Foster
Foster Morrison Consulting
(303) 717-7171
Packet Page No. 1175
Tri-City A-204
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Santa Clara Valley Water District /Nina Merrill, Sr. Water Resources Specialist From: Nina Merrill <[email protected]>
Sent: Monday, July 17, 2023 12:41 PM
To: Alec Tune <[email protected]>
Cc: Alexander Gordon <[email protected]>
Subject: RE: Verifying Contact Information Used in Dam Emergency Action Plans Hi Alec,
Thanks for the link to the Tri-City Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. I will try to attend as it pertains to potential dam failure. I’ve copied Valley Water’s OES principal Alexander Gordon for his information.

Thanks again for your attention to our dams inundations.

Nina

NINA MERRILL

SENIOR WATER RESOURCES SPECIALIST
Dam Safety Program
[email protected]
Tel. (408) 630-2640 / Mobile (408) 891-2832
Clean Water • Healthy Environment • Flood Protection

SANTA CLARA VALLEY WATER DISTRICT
5750 Almaden Expressway, San Jose CA 95118
www.valleywater.org
From: Alec Tune <[email protected]>
Sent: Monday, July 17, 2023 12:23 PM
To: Nina Merrill <[email protected]>
Cc: Megan Rivera <[email protected]>; Anya Gupta <[email protected]> Subject: RE: Verifying Contact Information Used in Dam Emergency Action Plans *** This email originated from outside of Valley Water. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe. ***
Hi Nina,
Thanks – appreciate the information. We’ll await the updated EAPs in the coming weeks.

In the meantime, I wanted to let you know that the City of Fremont is partnering with several public agencies in southern Alameda County to prepare a Tri-City Multi-jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. That plan will address risk associated with a number of natural hazards, as well as high hazard dams. Our next meeting, on August 17, will focus on risk assessment – based on information collected to date regarding the various hazards. I’ve extended an invitation to that meeting to you; please feel Packet Page No. 1176
Tri-City A-205
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
[email protected]
From: Chris Morrison <[email protected]> Sent: Monday, July 31, 2023 3:54 PM
To: [email protected]
Cc: Jeanine Foster <[email protected]>
Subject: LFPZ GIS Viewer
Good afternoon,
We are looking to get LFPZ maps for our FEMA required Hazard Mitigation Plan for the City of Fremont, Newark, and Union City (as well as Alameda County Water District and Union Sanitary District). I have accessed the Flood Risk Map Web Viewer with two different browsers and have encountered the same issue with both. When I select the icon (eyeball) for Levee Flood Protection Zone the Viewer progress bar starts, and then continues in perpetuity. Not sure what we are doing wrong. Can you forward us maps for those locations?
Thanks for your help!
Chris Morrison, MPA, CFM
Owner/Mitigation Planner
Foster Morrison, Ltd.
701.318.4445
[email protected]
Packet Page No. 1177
Tri-City A-206
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Independent Living Resources of Solano and Contra Costa Counties and Voluntary Organizations Active in Disasters / Ron Halog
Hi Jeanine -
I spoke with both Lars Eric and Ron, inviting both to join our Planning Committee.

No immediate commitments to attend from either (I’ll keep both on our invite list), except that Ron said if he cannot participate, he can at minimum help with identifying some local partners. I let him know I had provided his business contact information to him; I think he’d welcome your call - best to try next week, after the conference.

Alec
Sent from my iPhone
Alec Tune

Perfect, I wrote down the VOAD connection, but then didn’t see it in the contact emails. They would both be great, and you also mentioned they have been added to the Master list.

It would be great to get one or both involved.

Thanks
Get Outlook for iOS
From: Alec Tune <[email protected]>
Sent: Monday, June 26, 2023 10:41:17 AM
To: Jeanine Foster <[email protected]>
Subject: RE: [External] Contact Information
Will do.

Lars Eric and Ron are Chair and Co-Chair of Alameda County VOAD – even though their employment is with other agencies (and serving other counties, in Ron’s case).

Will keep you posted.

Thanks!
Alec Tune

EMERGENCY SERVICES MANAGER
Packet Page No. 1178
Tri-City A-207
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Independent Living Resources of Solano and Contra Costa Counties and Voluntary Organizations Active in Disasters / Ron Halog
Hi All,
I would like to introduce you to Jeanine Foster. Jeanine is with the Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and I want to connect you all with her. The group has a meeting on August the 17th from 1 – 4. You all may find beneficial.

Hope to see you at the meeting.

Ron Halog
Emergency Preparedness Coordinator
ILRSCC (Independent Living Resources of Solano & Contra Costa Counties) (925) 536-9553
[email protected]
www.ilrscc.org
From: Jeanine Foster
Sent: Tuesday, August 8, 2023 3:06 PM
To: Ron Halog
Subject: [External] FW: [External] Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan **** This is an EXTERNAL email. Please Exercise caution when opening attachments or clicking links from unknown senders or unexpected email. Please verify that you recognize the email address. **** Hi Ron,
I wanted to follow up to this email from a few weeks ago. You indicated that you might have some folks that would be interested in attending the Tri-City LHMP Meetings. As detailed below, our next meeting is next Thursday, August 17th, from 1-4 pm. You should have received an invite.

You had previously indicated that there are some organizations that might benefit from attending the Tri-City LHMP meetings: CRIL, Regional Center of the East Bay, Friends of Children with Special Needs and the Developmental Disabilities Council of Alameda County. Likewise, our planning committee and Packet Page No. 1179
Tri-City A-208
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Alameda County Public Health / Chen, Benjamin, Public Health, Family Health Services Division
Hi Everyone,
We are the consultants working with the Cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City and the Alameda County Water District and the Union Sanitary District on a Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update. We held a project kickoff meeting in May of 2023 and have our next meeting on the Risk Assessment coming up next week. If anyone is interested in natural hazard mitigation planning at the local level, it would be great to have you attend our planning committee meetings or participate in any way that might work for you. We will also have a public review draft of the LHMP in December and would welcome your comments and input on the document. Equity in hazard mitigation and hazard mitigation planning is a key focus of FEMA and we want to make sure that we have the right people at the table to help integrate these issues into the plan itself and through the equitable implementation of any resulting mitigation strategies.

For more information on the project see: https://www.my.fremont.gov/tri-city-hazard-plan I will also forward an invite for next week’s Risk Assessment meeting. Please reach out if you have questions or would like additional information.

Thank you,
Jeanine Foster
Foster Morrison
(303) 717-7171
From: Ron Halog <[email protected]>
Sent: Wednesday, August 9, 2023 1:47 PM
To: Jeanine Foster <[email protected]>; Chen, Benjamin, Public Health, FHS <[email protected]>; Lars Eric Holm <[email protected]>; '[email protected]' <[email protected]>; Alejandra Hacker <[email protected]>; John Lee <[email protected]>; Dawna Smylie <[email protected]> Subject: RE: [External] FW: [External] Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Hi All,
I would like to introduce you to Jeanine Foster. Jeanine is with the Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and I want to connect you all with her. The group has a meeting on August the 17th from 1 – 4. You all may find beneficial.

Hope to see you at the meeting.

Ron Halog
Emergency Preparedness Coordinator
ILRSCC (Independent Living Resources of Solano & Contra Costa Counties) Packet Page No. 1180
Tri-City A-209
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
EDENIR / Lars Eric Holm
See image above under the heading Alameda County Public Health / Chen, Benjamin, Public Health, Family Health Services Division.

Community Resources for Independent Living / Michael Galvan, CRIL Hayward See image above under the heading Alameda County Public Health / Chen, Benjamin, Public Health, Family Health Services Division.

Community Resources for Independent Living / Alejandra Hacker, CRIL Hayward See image above under the heading Alameda County Public Health / Chen, Benjamin, Public Health, Family Health Services Division.

Regional Center of East Bay/ John Lee
See image above under the heading Alameda County Public Health / Chen, Benjamin, Public Health, Family Health Services Division.

Community Resources for Independent Living / Dawna Smylie, CRIL Hayward See image above under the heading Alameda County Public Health / Chen, Benjamin, Public Health, Family Health Services Division.

Packet Page No. 1181
Tri-City A-210
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus Pleasanton / Leo Lopez
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Pleasanton / David Luera
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Hi Jeanine,
Please see attached sign in sheet, which is for the meeting detailed on the second attachment.

Alec Tune

On another note. I will not be able to attend the Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan meeting scheduled for August 17th. I’ll call to find out more information and see how best DWR can participate.

Delia
Delia McGrath, PE
Operational Readiness Lead
SWP Emergency Preparedness Program
California Department of Water Resources
Cal OES EOC Credentialed
Desk Phone: (916) 902-6939
Cell Phone: (916) 804-1463
Packet Page No. 1182
Tri-City A-211
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Pleasanton / David Luera
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Pleasanton / Giacoma Demonte
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

USACE / Patrick Sing
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Dublin Police / Nate Schmitt
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Zone 7 / Michael Miller
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

LPFD / Tracy Hein
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

DWR, OFD / Pardeep Singn
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

DWR, OFD / Erdon Abraham
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

ACWD / Leonard Ash
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Livermore / Herbert Cole
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

DWR / Arnoldo Soto
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

DWR Delta Field Division / Travis Faria
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Packet Page No. 1183
Tri-City A-212
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Zone 7 / Josh Chapman
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

East Bay Regional Park District / David Vance
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Zone 7 / Elke Rank
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

East Bay Regional Park District / David Vance
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Contra Costa County OES / Beatrice Ponhillo
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

LARPD / Emily Muniz
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

LARPD / Seth Eddings
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

DWR / Tracy Pettit
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Cal OES / Brian Buchhout
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Cal OES / Melani Gilbert
See image above under the heading San Luis and Delta Mendota Water Authority / Frank Ramus.

Packet Page No. 1184
Tri-City A-213
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
City of Newark/Michael Hammon, Mayor/Chair; David Benoun, City manager; Lenka Hovorka, Assistant City Manager; Krysten Lee, Finance Director; Soren Fajeau, Public Works Director; Steven Turner, Community Development Director; Gina Anderson, Police Chief; Ed Miranda, Information Technology Director; Jane Maoas, Police Chief From: Richard Martinez <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, August 10, 2023 5:40 PM
To: Jeanine Foster <[email protected]>
Cc: Alec Tune <[email protected]>; Ricardo Martinez <[email protected]> Subject: Newark Disaster Council Meeting information
Hi Jeanine,
Please see the attached information from the Newark Disaster Council held in June 2023. Included is the sign-in sheet, agenda and meeting minutes where we note discussion on LHMP project.

Regards,
Richard
Packet Page No. 1185
Tri
-CityA-214
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Packet Page No. 1186
Tri
-CityA-215
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Packet Page No. 1187
Tri
-CityA-216
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Packet Page No. 1188
Tri-City A-217
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Ohlone / Director of Campus Police
See above images under the heading City of Newark/Michael Hammon, Mayor/Chair; David Benoun, City manager; Lenka Hovorka, Assistant City Manager; Krysten Lee, Finance Director; Soren Fajeau, Public Works Director; Steven Turner, Community Development Director; Gina Anderson, Police Chief; Ed Miranda, Information Technology Director; Jane Maoas, Police Chief.

ACFD / Lincoln Casimere, Emergency Manager
See above images under the heading City of Newark/Michael Hammon, Mayor/Chair; David Benoun, City manager; Lenka Hovorka, Assistant City Manager; Krysten Lee, Finance Director; Soren Fajeau, Public Works Director; Steven Turner, Community Development Director; Gina Anderson, Police Chief; Ed Miranda, Information Technology Director; Jane Maoas, Police Chief.

National Weather Service/ Brian Garcia
From: Jeanine Foster
Sent: Tuesday, October 31, 2023 8:27 AM
To: Brian Garcia - NOAA Federal <[email protected]> Subject: Red Flag Day Data
Good Morning Brian,
We are the consultants working with the City of Fremont on the Tri-City LHMP Update. We are trying to obtain data on the number of red flag days occurring each year since 2016. Sometimes we will obtain that information locally if it is tracked, but the cities do not have this data.

Is this something we can obtain through the National weather Service? Maybe it is a search that we can conduct?
We appreciate any direction on obtaining this data.

Thank you very much,
Jeanine Foster
Foster Morrison Consulting
(303) 717-7171
Packet Page No. 1189
Tri-City A-218
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
PG&E / Barry Stallard
From: Jeanine Foster
Sent: Thursday, November 2, 2023 4:14 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
Good afternoon,
We are the consultant’s working with the Cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City along with the Alameda County Water District (ACWD) and the Union Sanitary District (USD) on developing a Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) Update. It looks like your contact information is on the project stakeholder list compiled by Alec Tune, the OES lead for the City of Fremont – you might have seen past project meeting invites.

I am reaching out to see if we can obtain information on past PSPS events affecting the Tri-City Planning Area which is essentially the geographic boundaries of the three Cities? We would like to obtain this information by year starting in 2017, but would take any data that you may have. Is this something that you can help us with? Is there someone else we should be reaching out to? Let me know if you have questions or would like to discuss.

Thank you very much for your assistance with this information.

Jeanine Foster
Foster Morrison Consulting
(303) 717-7171
Packet Page No. 1190
Tri-City A-219
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock From: Alec Tune <[email protected]>
Sent: Friday, August 18, 2023 11:30 AM
To: Jeanine Foster <[email protected]>
Cc: Richard Martinez <[email protected]>; Rich Martinez <[email protected]>; Jacob Reed <[email protected]>; Karoline Terrazas <[email protected]> Subject: Fwd: Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
FYI
Sent from my iPhone
Begin forwarded message:

Alec Tune

Thanks.

Josh
Packet Page No. 1191
Tri
-CityA-220
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Packet Page No. 1192
Tri
-CityA-221
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Packet Page No. 1193
Tri
-CityA-222
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Packet Page No. 1194
Tri-City A-223
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Alameda County Sheriff’s Office / David Blanchard, Thomas Boyd, Andrew Brosi, Val Courtney, Matthew Farrunggia, Marc Petrini, Yesenia Sanchez, Brett Scheuller, Jason Podany See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

Sunol Fire Safe Coalition/Diablo Fire Safe Council / Rosemary Chang See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

SF Public Utilities Commission / Scott Chenue, Marcus L. Coleman, Rick Duffey, Josh Gale, Amanda Giggins, Pat Jones, Clayton Koopmann, Jeremy Lukins, Oscar Miron, Tim Ramirez, Brad Killgore, Ed Skubic, Victor Rivers, Kyle Randolph, Robert Cyr See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

SF PUC Lessee: Cronin Ranch / John Cronin
See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

Sunol Citizens Advisory Council / Connie De Grange
See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

Packet Page No. 1195
Tri-City A-224
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Santa Clara County Fire Department / Brian Glass, Dennis Lollie See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

East Bay Regional Park District / Matt Graul, Ernie Haga, Mark Pollard, Bordon Willey See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

Cal Fire / George Huang, Jeff Nichols, Ed Orre, Matt Collyer, Omar Jesus, Baraka Carter, Ratt Westerman, Cody Schaake, John Reynolds
See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

SF PUC Lessee / Imhof Tractor Service, Inc. / Frank Imhof See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

California Department of Fish & Wildlife / Ryan McCoy
See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

Alameda County Fire Department / Eric Moore, Derrick Thomas See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

Spring Valley Fire Department / Jerry Serpa, Simon So, M. Hacke See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department / Jason Solak
See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

Pacific Gas & Electric / Barry Stallard
See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

Alameda County Board of Supervisors / Shawn Wildon
See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

Pleasanton Police Department / Jacey Kurtz, Jason Knight See images above under the heading California Highway Patrol / Brent Bartusch, Tim Willcock.

Packet Page No. 1196
Tri-City A-225
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
A.4 Meeting Handouts
Below are the handouts for each meeting held during the planning process for this Plan Update.

A.4.1. Planning Committee Kickoff Meeting Handouts
Tri-City LHMP: Hazard Identification and Profiles – 2023-2024 Disaster Declarations and National Weather Service Research Alameda County – Disaster Declarations 1950-2023
Year Disaster Name Disaster Type Disaster
Cause
Disaster # State
Declaration #
Federal
Declaration #
2023 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding, and
Mudslides
Flood Storms DR-4683 – 1/14/2023
2023 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding, and
Mudslides
Flood Storms EM-3591 – 1/9/2023
2020 Covid-19 Pandemic Pandemic DR-4482 3/4/2020 1/20/2020 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic Pandemic EM-3428 3/4/2020 3/13/2020 2017 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding,
Mudslides
Flood Storms DR-4308 3/7/2017 4/1/2017
2017 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding,
Mudslides
Flood Storms DR-4305 2/10/2017 3/16/2017
2017 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding,
Mudslides
Flood Storms DR-4301 – 2/14/2017
2014 California Drought Drought Drought GP 2014-13 1/17/2014 – 2008 2008 January
Storms
Flood Flood GP-2008-01 12/21/2007 –
2007 Bay Area Oils Spill Other Accident GP-2007-15 11/9/2007 – 2006 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding,
Landslides, Mud
Flows
Flood Storms DR-1646 – 6/5/2006
2005/2006 2005/06 Winter
Storms
Flood Storms DR‐1628 – 2/3/2006
Packet Page No. 1197
Tri-City A-226
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Year Disaster Name Disaster Type Disaster
Cause
Disaster # State
Declaration #
Federal
Declaration #
2005 Hurricane Katrina
Evacuations
Economic Hurricane EM‐3248 2005 – 9/13/2005
2003 Road Damage Flood Storms GP 2003 1/1/2003 –
2001 Energy Emergency Economic Greed GP 2001 1/1/2001 – 1998 1998 El Nino
Floods
Flood Flood DR-1203 Proclaimed 2/19/1998
1997 1997 January
Floods
Flood Storms DR‐1155 1/2/97‐
1/31/97
1/4/1997
1995 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding,
Landslides, Mud
Flows
Flood Storms DR-1046 Proclaimed 3/12/1995
1995 1995 Severe Winter
Storms
Flood Storms DR‐1044 1/6/95‐
3/14/95
1/13/1995
1991 Oakland Hills Fire Wildfire Wildfire DR-919 – 10/22/1991 1990 Freeze Freeze Freeze DR-894 12/19/1990-
1/18/1991
2/11/1991
1989 Loma Prieta
Earthquake
Earthquake Earthquake DR-845 – 9/18/1989
1986 1986 Storms Flood Storms DR‐758 2/18‐86-
3/12/86
2/18/1986
1983 Bradford Levee
Failure
Flood Storms GP 83-05 12/9/1983
1/18/1984
–
1983 1982-1983 Winter
Storms
Flood Storms DR-677 12/8/1982‐
3/21/1983
2/9/1983
1982 California Severe
Storms, Flood,
Mudslides, High
Tide
Flood Storms DR-651 1/5/1982 1/7/1982
1981 Mediterranean
Fruit Fly
Infestation
Agricultural Insect Pests GP-1980
Medfly
12/1/1980 –
1979 Gasoline Shortage Economic OPEC – 5/8/1979 –
1977 1976 Drought Drought Drought EM-3023 2/9/1976,
2/13/1976,
2/24/1976,
3/26/1976,
7/6/1976
1/20/1977
1974 Gasoline Shortage Economic OPEC – 2/28/1974
3/4/1974
3/10/1974
–
1973 Eucalyptus Tree
Freeze
Freeze Freeze DR-373 4/4/1973 5/25/1973
Packet Page No. 1198
Tri-City A-227
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Year Disaster Name Disaster Type Disaster
Cause
Disaster # State
Declaration #
Federal
Declaration #
1970 Forest and Brush
Fires
Wildfire Wildfire DR-295 9/24/1970
9/28/1970
10/1/1970
10/2/1970
10/20/1970
11/14/1970
8/29/1970
1970 1970 Northern
California Flooding
Flood Flood DR 283 1/27/1970 -
3/2/1970
2/16/1970
1963 1963 Floods Flood Storms – 2/14/1964 –
1962 Flood and
Rainstorm
Flood Storms – 10/17/1962,
10/25/1962,
10/30/1962,
11/4/1962
10/24/1962
1962 Floods and Rains Floods Storms – 10/17/1962
10/25/1962
10/30/1962
11/4/1962
10/24/1962
1958 1958 April Storms
and Floods
Flood Storms DR-52 4/5/1958 4/4/1958
1958 1958 February
Storms and Floods
Flood Storms CDO 58-03 2/26/1958 –
1957 Unseasonal and
Heavy Rainfall
Flood Severe Storm,
Economic
– 5/20/1957
(Cherryproducing)
–
1955 1955 Floods Flood Flood DR-47 12/22/1955 12/23/1955 1950 1950 Floods Flood Flood OCD 50-01 11/21/1950 –
Source: FEMA, Cal OES, May 2023
Packet Page No. 1199
Tri-City A-228
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Alameda County Disaster Declaration Summary Table by Hazard Type 1950-2023 Disaster Type State Declarations Federal Declarations
Count Years Count Years
Agricultural 1 1981 0 –
Drought 2 1976, 2014 1 1976
Earthquake 0 – 1 1989
Economic 3 1974, 1979, 2001 0 –
Freeze 2 1973, 1990 2 1973, 1990
Flood (including heavy
rains and storms)
19 1950, 1955, 1957, 1958 (twice),
1962, 1963, 1970, 1982, 1983
(twice), 1986, 1995 (twice),
1997, 1998, 2008, 2017 (twice)
19 1955, 1958, 1962 (twice), 1970,
1982, 1983, 1986, 1995 (twice),
1997, 1998, 2005, 2006, 2017
(three), 2023 (twice)
Hurricane 0 – 1 2005
Other 1 2007 0 –
Pandemic 2 2020 2 2020
Road Damage 1 2003 0 –
Wildfire 1 1970 2 1970, 1991
Totals 32 – 28 –
Source: FEMA, Cal OES, May 2023
Alameda County Disasters since 2016/2017 LHMPs
➢ 2017 Flood (three federal and two state)
➢ 2020 Pandemic (two federal and two state)
➢ 2023 Flood (two federal)
Packet Page No. 1200
Tri-City A-229
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Severe Weather Events
NCDC Severe Weather Events for Alameda County 1950-1/31/2022* Event Type Number
of Events
Deaths Deaths
(indirect)
Injuries Injuries
(indirect)
Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
Coastal Flood 3 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Debris Flow 16 0 0 0 0 $12,874,000 $0
Dense Fog 19 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Dense Smoke 8 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Excessive Heat 6 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Flash Flood 12 0 0 0 0 $100,000 $0
Flood 43 0 0 0 0 $44,325,500 $0
Frost/Freeze 4 0 0 0 0 $20,000 $400,000
Hail 14 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Heat 19 1 1 13 0 $30,000 $0
Heavy Rain 5 0 2 0 1 $60,000 $30,000
High Surf 1 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Heavy Snow 1 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
High Wind 88 1 0 1 0 $3,210,000 $0
Strong Wind 263 4 0 8 0 $3,753,800 $0
Thunderstorm Wind 2 0 0 0 0 $50,000 $0
Tornado 5 0 0 0 0 $275,000 $0
Tsunami 1 0 0 0 0 $50,000 $0
Wildfire 18 0 0 6 1 $10,000 $0
Winter Storm 6 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Total 534 6 3 28 2 $64,758,300 $430,000
Source: National Climatic Data Center
*Note: Losses reflect totals for all impacted areas
**Due to the regional nature of reporting certain hazard events, these hazards are included in the NCDC database for Alameda County
Packet Page No. 1201
Tri-City A-230
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Tri-City Hazards Comparison Summary
City of Fremont
2016 LHMP
2017 Union City and
Newark LHMP
2021 Alameda
County Plan
2023 State of California
Plan Applicable Hazards*
Proposed 2024
Hazards*
Climate Change
(including
drought, extreme
heat, and sea
level rise)
As part of other
hazards.

Climate Change Climate Change and Related
Hazards
Climate Change (as a
standalone and as it
exacerbates other
hazards)
Floods
(1%/0.2%,
coastal flooding,
dam inundation
Dam Failure Dam Failure Dam Failure Dam Failure
Climate Change
(including
drought, extreme
heat, and sea
level rise) AND
Floods
(1%/0.2%,
coastal flooding,
dam inundation
– As part of the
Climate Change
Hazard
Sea Level Rise, Coastal
Flood, and Erosion
Coastal Flooding and Sea
Level Rise
Climate Change
(including
drought, extreme
heat, and sea
level rise)
Drought Drought Droughts and Water
Shortage
Drought & Water
Shortage
Earthquake
(including
liquefaction,
tsunami, and
seiche)
Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake (with Subsidence
as a separate hazard)
Earthquake (and
earthquake liquefaction)
Floods
(1%/0.2%,
coastal flooding,
dam inundation
Flood Flood Riverine, Stream, and Alluvial
Flood
Flood: 1%/0.2% annual
chance
– – Flood Riverine, Stream, and Alluvial
Flood
Flood:

Localized/Stormwater
Flooding
Landslides Landslide Landslide Landslide, Debris Flow, and other Mass Movements
Landslide
– – – Levee Failure Levee Failure
– – Infectious Disease Epidemic/Pandemic/VectorBorne DiseasePandemic – – Public Safety
Power Shutoff
*
Packet Page No. 1202
Tri-City A-231
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
City of Fremont
2016 LHMP
2017 Union City and
Newark LHMP
2021 Alameda
County Plan
2023 State of California
Plan Applicable Hazards*
Proposed 2024
Hazards*
Climate Change
(including
drought, extreme
heat, and sea
level rise)
Severe Weather – Extreme Heat Severe Weather:

Extreme Heat
– Severe Weather – Severe Wind, Weather, and
Storms
Severe Weather: Heavy
Rain and Storms
Earthquake
(including
liquefaction,
tsunami, and
seiche)
– Tsunami Tsunami and Seiche Tsunami
– Severe Weather – Severe Wind, Weather, and
Storms
Severe Weather: High
Winds
Fire Wildfire Wildfire Wildfire Wildfire (with smoke/ air quality)
*Power Outages/PSPS – address as part of vulnerability
Packet Page No. 1203
Tri-City A-232
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Tri-City Hazard Identification 2024: Tri-City Planning Area Hazard
Geographic
Extent
Likelihood of
Future
Occurrences
Magnitude/
Severity Significance
Climate
Change
Influence
Climate Change
(as a standalone hazard and as it
exacerbates other hazards)
–
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise High
Dam Failure Medium
Drought & Water Shortage (w/tree
mortality)
High
Earthquake (and earthquake
liquefaction)
Low
Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance High
Flood: Localized/Stormwater Flooding Medium
Landslide Medium
Levee Failure Medium
Pandemic Medium
Severe Weather: Extreme Heat High
Severe Weather: Heavy Rain and
Storms
Medium
Severe Weather: High Winds Medium
Tsunami Low
Wildfire (with smoke/ air quality) Medium
Geographic Extent
Limited: Less than 10% of planning
area
Significant: 10-50% of planning area
Extensive: 50-100% of planning area
Likelihood of Future
Occurrences
Highly Likely: Near 100% chance of
occurrence in next year, or happens
every year.

Likely: Between 10 and 100% chance
of occurrence in next year, or has a
recurrence interval of 10 years or less.

Occasional: Between 1 and 10%
chance of occurrence in the next year,
or has a recurrence interval of 11 to 100
years.

Unlikely: Less than 1% chance of
occurrence in next 100 years, or has a
recurrence interval of greater than every
100 years.

Magnitude/Severity
Catastrophic: More than 50 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than 30 days; and/or multiple deaths Critical: 25-50 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for at least two weeks; and/or injuries and/or illnesses result in permanent disability
Limited: 10-25 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than a week; and/or injuries/illnesses treatable do not result in permanent disability
Negligible: Less than 10 percent of property severely damaged, shutdown of facilities and services for less than 24 hours; and/or injuries/illnesses treatable with first aid
Significance
Low: Minimal potential impact
Medium: Moderate potential impact
High: Widespread potential impact
Climate Change Influence
Low: Minimal potential impact
Medium: Moderate potential impact
High: Widespread potential impact
Packet Page No. 1204
Tri-City A-233
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Tri-City Hazard Identification 2024: ______________________________________ Hazard
Geographic
Extent
Likelihood of
Future
Occurrences
Magnitude/
Severity Significance
Climate
Change
Influence
Climate Change
(as a standalone hazard and as it
exacerbates other hazards)
–
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise High
Dam Failure Medium
Drought & Water Shortage (w/tree
mortality)
High
Earthquake (and earthquake
liquefaction)
Low
Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance High
Flood: Localized/Stormwater Flooding Medium
Landslide Medium
Levee Failure Medium
Pandemic Medium
Severe Weather: Extreme Heat High
Severe Weather: Heavy Rain and
Storms
Medium
Severe Weather: High Winds Medium
Tsunami Low
Wildfire (with smoke/ air quality) Medium
Geographic Extent
Limited: Less than 10% of planning
area
Significant: 10-50% of planning area
Extensive: 50-100% of planning area
Likelihood of Future
Occurrences
Highly Likely: Near 100% chance of
occurrence in next year, or happens
every year.

Likely: Between 10 and 100% chance
of occurrence in next year, or has a
recurrence interval of 10 years or less.

Occasional: Between 1 and 10%
chance of occurrence in the next year,
or has a recurrence interval of 11 to 100
years.

Unlikely: Less than 1% chance of
occurrence in next 100 years, or has a
recurrence interval of greater than every
100 years.

HISTORIC HAZARD EVENTS WORKSHEET
Please fill out one sheet for each significant hazard event with as much detail as possible. Attach supporting documentation, photocopies of newspaper articles, or other original sources.

Type of event
Nature and
magnitude of event
Location
Date of event
Injuries
Deaths
Property damage
Infrastructure
damage
Crop damage
Business/economic
impacts
Road/school/other
closures
Other damage
Insured losses
Federal/state
disaster relief
funding
Opinion on
likelihood of
occurring again
Source of
information
Comments
Please return worksheets by mail, email, or fax to:

Jeanine Foster, Foster Morrison
6095 Zang Way
Arvada, CO 80004
fax: (720) 893-0863
email: [email protected]
Prepared by:

Phone:

Email:

Date:

Packet Page No. 1206
Tri-City A-235
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
A.4.2. Planning Committee Risk Assessment Meeting Handouts LHMP Update Project Schedule/Key Dates*
2023-2024 LHMP Update Meetings
➢ August 17 (Thursday) PC Meeting #2 (Risk Assessment) (1:00-4:00 pm) ➢ August 17 (Thursday) Public Meeting #2 (Risk Assessment) (6:00-7:30 pm) ➢ September 19 (Tuesday) PC Meeting #3 (Mitigation Strategy: Goals Development) (1:00-4:00 pm) ➢ September 20 (Wednesday) PC Meeting #4 (Mitigation Strategy: Actions and Projects) (9:00 am - 12:00 pm)
➢ January 24 (Wednesday) Final Public Meeting #3 (6:00-7:30 pm) ➢ January 25 (Thursday) PC Meeting #5 (9:00 am -12:00 pm) Mitigation Strategy Meetings - Follow up
➢ September 29 (Friday) Mitigation Strategy (goals/actions) processed and sent to Project Team/PC ➢ October 27 (Friday) Mitigation Action (Project)Worksheets due to Foster Morrison LHMP Document Drafts
➢ November 10 (Friday): PC (First) Draft LHMP to Project Team/PC ➢ December 8 (Friday): Project Team/PC comments due on Draft Plan ➢ December 21 (Thursday): Comments incorporated into Public Review (Second) Draft to Project Team/PC
➢ January 2 (Tuesday): Public Review Draft on Participating Jurisdictions’ websites ➢ February 2 (Friday): all Project Team, PC and Public input to Foster Morrison ➢ February 16: All final comments incorporated and LHMP submittal to Cal OES – February 2024 *PC = Planning Committee
Packet Page No. 1207
Tri-City A-236
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Table 3 Tri-City Planning Area Hazard Identification Table Hazard
Geographic
Extent
Likelihood of
Future
Occurrences
Magnitude/
Severity Significance
Climate
Change
Influence
Climate Change Extensive Highly Likely Critical High –
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise Limited Highly Likely Limited Med-High High Dam Failure Sig – Ext. Unlikely Catastrophic High Medium Drought & Water Shortage Extensive Likely Limited Medium High Earthquake Extensive Occasional/
Highly Likely
Catastrophic High Low
Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance Significant Occasional Critical High High Flood: Localized/Stormwater Flooding Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium Medium Landslide Limited Likely Limited Medium Medium
Levee Failure Limited Unlikely Limited Medium Medium
Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and
Freeze
Extensive Highly Likely Limited Low-Med Medium
Severe Weather: Extreme Heat Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium High Severe Weather: Heavy Rain and Storms Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium Medium Severe Weather: High Winds Extensive Highly Likely Negligible Low-Med Medium Subsidence Limited Likely Negligible Low Medium
Tsunami Limited Unlikely Limited Low-Med Low
Wildfire Limited Highly Likely Critical Medium Medium
Geographic Extent
Limited: Less than 10% of planning
area
Significant: 10-50% of planning area
Extensive: 50-100% of planning area
Likelihood of Future Occurrences
Highly Likely: Near 100% chance of
occurrence in next year, or happens
every year.

Likely: Between 10 and 100% chance of
occurrence in next year, or has a
recurrence interval of 10 years or less.

Occasional: Between 1 and 10%
chance of occurrence in the next year, or
has a recurrence interval of 11 to 100
years.

Unlikely: Less than 1% chance of
occurrence in next 100 years, or has a
recurrence interval of greater than every
100 years.

Magnitude/Severity
Catastrophic: More than 50 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than 30 days; and/or multiple deaths Critical: 25-50 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for at least two weeks; and/or injuries and/or illnesses result in permanent disability
Limited: 10-25 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than a week; and/or injuries/illnesses treatable do not result in permanent disability
Negligible: Less than 10 percent of property severely damaged, shutdown of facilities and services for less than 24 hours; and/or injuries/illnesses treatable with first aid
Significance
Low: Minimal potential impact
Medium: Moderate potential impact
High: Widespread potential impact
Climate Change Influence
Low: Minimal potential impact
Medium: Moderate potential impact
High: Widespread potential impact
Packet Page No. 1208
Tri-City A-237
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Risk Assessment Methodology
Calculating Likelihood of Future Occurrence
The frequency of past events is used in this section to gauge the likelihood of future occurrences. Based on historical data, the likelihood of future occurrence is categorized into one of the following classifications:
➢ Highly Likely: Near 100% chance of occurrence in next year, or happens every year. ➢ Likely: Between 10 and 100% chance of occurrence in next year, or has a recurrence interval of 10 years or less.
➢ Occasional: Between 1 and 10% chance of occurrence in the next year, or has a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.
➢ Unlikely: Less than 1% chance of occurrence in next 100 years, or has a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years.

Calculating Vulnerability
Vulnerability is measured in general, qualitative terms, and is a summary of the potential impact based on past occurrences, spatial extent, and damage and casualty potential:
➢ Extremely Low: The occurrence and potential cost of damage to life and property is very minimal to non-existent.
➢ Low: Minimal potential impact. The occurrence and potential cost of damage to life and property is minimal.
➢ Medium: Moderate potential impact. This ranking carries a moderate threat level to the general population and/or built environment. Here the potential damage is more isolated and less costly than a more widespread disaster.
➢ High: Widespread potential impact. This ranking carries a high threat to the general population and/or built environment. The potential for damage is widespread. Hazards in this category may have already occurred in the past.
➢ Extremely High: Very widespread and catastrophic impact.

Defining Significance (Priority) of a Hazard
Defining the significance or priority of a hazard to a community is based on a subjective analysis of several factors. This analysis is used to focus and prioritize hazards and associated mitigation measures for the plan. These factors include the following:
➢ Past Occurrences: Frequency, extent, and magnitude of historic hazard events. ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrences: Based on past hazard events. ➢ Ability to Reduce Losses through Implementation of Mitigation Measures: This looks at both the ability to mitigate the risk of future occurrences as well as the ability to mitigate the vulnerability of a community to a given hazard event.

Packet Page No. 1209
Tri-City A-238
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Risk Assessment Summary: Tri-City 2023 LHMP
Climate Change
➢ The 2023 State of California Hazard Mitigation Plan stated that climate change is clearly affecting California. Sea levels have risen by as much as seven inches along the California coast over the last century, increasing erosion and pressure on the state’s infrastructure, water supplies, and natural resources. The State has also seen increased average temperatures, more extreme hot days, fewer cold nights, a lengthening of the growing season, shifts in the water cycle with less winter precipitation falling as snow, and both snowmelt and rainwater running off sooner in the year. The number, magnitude, and severity of hazard events and disasters are significantly increasing resulting in catastrophic events. Climate Change has the potential to significantly alter the nature and frequency of most hazards.
➢ EACH JURISDICTION HAS A VARIETY OF CLIMATE DOCUMENTS. ARE ANY NEW CLIMATE CHANGE DOCUMENTS BEING DEVELOPED/OLD ONES BEING UPDATED? ➢ CAN YOU IDENTIFY SPECIFIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONCERNS/ISSUES TO NOTE IN THE PLANNING AREA?
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise
➢ No state or federal disaster declarations specific to coastal flooding and sea level rise; although coastal flooding was likely a component of many of these disaster declarations. The NCDC reported 4 events of coastal flooding and high surf for Alameda County.
➢ The frequency and severity of coastal flooding is expected to increase as sea levels rise. ➢ The western edge of the Tri-City Planning Area encompasses miles of shoreline, which is subject to coastal flooding and SLR.
➢ Coastal flooding is more intense during periods of king tides. NOAA notes that a king tide is a nonscientific term people often use to describe exceptionally high tides. Higher than normal tides typically occur during a new or full moon and when the Moon is at its perigee, or during specific seasons around the country. 2 weeks ago there was damage in Southern California (Newport Beach and Sunset Beach) due to king tide events. Should flooding occur around a king tide, damages in the Tri-City would be higher.
➢ ANY INPUT ON COASTAL FLOODING AND SEA LEVEL RISE IN THE PLANNING AREA? SPECIFIC TO EACH JURISDICTION? PAST OCCURENCES? OTHER
ISSUES/CONCERNS/IMPACTS?
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium? High?
➢ Priority Hazard
Dam Failure
➢ There are 23 dams in Alameda County that were constructed for flood control, storage, treatment impoundments, electrical generation, and recreational purposes. Of the 23 dams in Alameda County, 11 were rated as Extremely High Hazard, 7 are rated as High Hazard, 3 as Significant Hazard, and 2 as Packet Page No. 1210
Tri-City A-239
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Low Hazard. Outside of Alameda County, 2 EH Hazard dams located in Santa Clara County also have inundation areas that intersect with the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ Of these dams, 7 Extremely High Hazard, 2 High Hazard, and 3 Significant Hazard dams have the potential to impact (i.e., inundation areas) the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ 1 of the Extremely High Hazard dams (Decoto), 2 High Hazard dams (Middlefield, Quarry Pits) and 2 Significant Hazard dams (Shinn, Rubber Dam #3, and Patterson) are owned by ACWD. ➢ ARE THERE ANY DAM FAILURE, OR OTHER INCIDENTS/ISSUES TO NOTE ASSOCIATED WITH ANY OF THE DAMS OF CONCERN?
➢ WHICH DAM(S) ARE THE TRI-CITY PLANNING AREA MOST CONCERNED WITH? ➢ ANY SPECIFIC DAM VULNERABILITIES/ISSUES/CONCERNS TO NOTE – BOTH FOR ALL DAMS AND SPECIFIC TO ACWD OWNED DAMS?
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Occasional?
➢ Vulnerability: Extremely High
➢ Priority Hazard
Drought and Water Shortage
➢ Historical drought data for the Tri-City Planning Area and region indicate there have been 5 significant multi-year droughts in the last 84 years.
➢ 2 state disaster declarations in 1976 and 2014; 1 federal disaster declaration in 1976 ➢ ACWD supplies water to the Tri-City Planning Area. Their supply includes water that originates as precipitation within the Alameda Creek watershed and water that is transported from the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta through the South Bay Aqueduct. Sixteen wells are used to pump water from the groundwater basin to a system of distribution mains serving residents and businesses.

These 16 wells are capable of producing up to 47.5 million gallons of water per day (MGD). An additional 20 percent of ACWD’s water supply comes from the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park. That water is purchased from the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. ACWD also receives about 10 MGD of water from the Newark Desalinization Facility. This is the first brackish water desalinization (Desal) facility in Northern California. ➢ During the 2014-2016 drought years, ACWD customers reduced overall water use by 28% relative to baseline demands in 2013. The District experienced unprecedented participation in water use efficiency programs during the 2014-2016 drought years, as well as continued water use efficiency savings from plumbing code requirements, and currently estimated in its UWMP that a permanent 11% demand reduction will last beyond the end of drought. DID THIS OCCUR? THE AREA HAS LOST POPULATION SINCE 2020, HAS THIS LESSENED WATER DEMAND?
➢ WHAT HAS BEEN IMPACTED THE MOST FROM DROUGHT CONDITIONS? ➢ HOW HAS WATER SUPPLY BEEN AFFECTED IN THE TRI-CITY PLANNING AREA FROM THIS MOST RECENT DROUGHT?
➢ WHAT ARE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS/ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH DROUGHT AND WATER SHORTAGE MOVING FORWARD?
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium? High?
➢ Priority Hazard
Packet Page No. 1211
Tri-City A-240
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Earthquake
➢ Geological data indicates that the Bay Area is located within an area of relatively high seismic activity and is traversed by multiple faults associated with the Pacific and North American plates. ➢ Level of earthquake hazard varies substantially by location and is primarily determined by several factors: earthquake magnitude, earthquake epicenter, earthquake depth, and soil and rock conditions. ➢ Since 1836, eight earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or greater have occurred in the region. These include:
1906 M7.8 San Francisco; 1984 M6.4 Morgan Hill; 1989 M7.1 Loma Prieta; 2014 M6.0 Napa. ➢ Since 1950, there has been 1 disaster declaration in both Alameda County for the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake.
➢ Since 1950, there have been 35 earthquakes >5.0 occurring within 90 miles of the Planning Area (centered on Fremont)
➢ For the Tri-City Planning Area, the most damaging earthquakes would be those nearest to the Tri-City area (especially the Hayward Fault, as compounded by the Rogers Creek Fault, and the Calaveras Fault, but also to a lesser extent possibly the Concord and Greenville Faults.) Large earthquakes on the San Andreas fault could also affect the Planning Area.
➢ Various Hazus Scenarios are being developed to model impacts associated with earthquake events on several of these faults.
➢ Damages from earthakes may include those from ground shaking and surface rupture and also include secondary impacts from earthquake liquefaction, earthquake induced landslides, dam, reservoir and levee failures, and fires.
➢ Based on analysis of the Alquist-Priolo fault zones (where surface rupture could occur), portions of the Tri-City Planning Area is located in Alquist Priolo Zones. ➢ The Uniform Building Code (UBC) identifies four seismic zones in the United States. The zones are numbered one through four, with Zone 4 representing the highest level of seismic hazard. The UBC establishes more stringent construction standards for areas within Zones 3 and 4. All of California lies within either Zone 3 or Zone 4. The Planning Area is within the more hazardous Zone 4. ➢ The expected consequences of a major earthquake on the Tri-City Planning Area include not only building damages but also casualties (injuries and deaths) and loss of important functions. The buildings at most risk are older buildings, designed to lower seismic performance standards than current or recent code buildings, especially buildings that are non-ductile such as masonry buildings. ➢ HAVE ANY OF THE JURISDICTIONS CONDUCTED A URM INVENTORY OR INVENTORY OF SEISMICALLY VULNERABLE FACILITIES?
➢ The impacts of earthquake damage to the Tri-City Planning Area built environment, including critical facilities and infrastructure, would include not only reconstruction costs, but also loss of function and life safety risk.
➢ Liquefaction is a process where loose, wet sediments lose bearing strength during an earthquake and behave similar to a liquid. Settling or lateral spreading can cause major damage to buildings and to infrastructure such as roads, underground utilities, and levees. ➢ Based on the CGS Seismic Hazard Zone (liquefaction) Maps, the Tri-City Planning Area is underlain by many areas at risk to liquefaction. Almost the entire Planning Area is in the Moderate, High, or Very High Liquefaction Susceptibility Zones.
➢ In addition, several areas within the Tri-City Planning Area are also prone to earthquake induced landslides based on CGS mapping. These areas are generally confined to the sloped areas of the Planning Area where the susceptibility to landslides are greatest. This is predominantly in the Hills Open Space Area within the eastern portion of the Planning Area.

Packet Page No. 1212
Tri-City A-241
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ WHAT FAULTS/EARTHQUAKE EVENTS ARE THE MOST CONCERNING TO THE TRI-CITY PLANNING AREA?
➢ WHAT ARE THE SIGNIFICANT ISSUES/IMPACTS/CONCERNS RELATED TO EARTHQUAKE?
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Extremely High
➢ Priority Hazard
Flood Hazards
FEMA Mapped Floodplains - 1%/0.2% year
➢ Historically, flooding associated with severe winter storms has been among the most common disasters in the Bay Area. The Tri-City Planning Area has frequently suffered significant damage in past severe winter storms from floods as well as from high winds, landslides, debris flows and erosion. ➢ 20 state federal disaster declarations related to heavy rains and flooding in Alameda County. ➢ 55 NCDC flood events since 1993 for Alameda County.
➢ The Tri-City Planning Area generally has several winter storm events every year, with damages in these events ranging from minor cleanup to millions of dollars. 4 severe storm events occurred in 1986, 1998 and 2005-2006, and 2016. Since 2016, 3 federal and 2 state declarations for severe storms and flooding occurred in 2017. There have been three federal disaster declarations to date from flooding in 2023. ➢ The most common damage from winter rains and storms and associated flooding have been to infrastructure, including: washouts of culverts; landslides or debris slides affecting roads, and bridges; erosion of channels and adjacent areas; and tree falls. ➢ WHAT ARE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT FLOOD VULNERABILITIES TO THE PLANNING AREA? UNIQUE AREAS, INFRASTRUCTURE, ASSETS, ETC.
➢ ANY OTHER ISSUES/IMPACTS/CONCERNS TO NOTE?
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: 1%-Occasional; 0.5%-Unlikely; ➢ Vulnerability: High
➢ Priority Hazard
Localized/Stormwater flooding
➢ Flood hazard areas for the Tri-City Planning Area are not limited to areas within FEMA-mapped floodplains, and include areas affected by localized, stormwater flooding events. ➢ Since the last plan, 6 federal and 4 state declarations for heavy rain and storms, flooding, and other damages occurred.
➢ ARE THERE ANY SPECIFIC TRI-CITY LOCALIZED FLOODING PROBLEM AREAS TO NOTE? NEED LIST OF PROBLEM AREAS AND SPECIFIC FLOOD RELATED ISSUES FOR EACH JURISDICTION. WE HAVE FREMONT AREAS AND A REPORT OF DAMAGES FROM THE 2023 FLOODS. DO YOU HAVE THESE FROM 2017? DO NEWARK AND UNION CITY HAVE THEIR REIMBURSEMENT REQUEST INFORMATION FROM 2017 AND 2023 THEY CAN PROVIDE? CAN WE ALSO GET SPECIFICS FROM ACWD AND USD. ➢ ANY OTHER ISSUES/IMPACTS/CONCERNS TO NOTE?
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Packet Page No. 1213
Tri-City A-242
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Landslide
➢ Historically, the Tri-City Planning Area has experienced damages from various slope failures associated with heavy rains and winter storm events. Fremont was close to being in the path of the 1998 Mission Peak slide. Also, in December of 2022 and again in January of 2023, Niles Canyon Road in Fremont was closed due to mudslides.
➢ IDENTIFY OTHER HISTORIC PROBLEM AREAS WITHIN THE TRI-CITY PLANNING AREA? NEED BY JURISDICTION. INCLUDE AREAS AND ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH HISTORIC SLOPE FAILURE? HAVE ANY AREAS BEEN MITIGATED?
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Levee Failure
➢ There are numerous levee segments in the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ Levee failures can occur during high water events and under normal non-flood conditions. There are numerous causes for such failures, including scour, foundation failures, under-seepage, throughseepage, animal burrows, and others. Levees can also fail as a result of earthquakes. ➢ The probability of levee failure is increasing over time due to sea level rise, increased flooding potential from global climate range resulting in early winter snow melts, and the likelihood of an earthquake. ➢ Based on the DFIRMS, there are several 0.2%, X-protected by levee flood zones that protect the TriCity Planning Area. (Note: This is based on levees that are certified as providing 100-year level of protection). However, other non-certified levee segments are located throughout the Planning Area. ➢ No disaster declarations for levee failure have occurred in Alameda County since 1950. ➢ HAVE ANY OF THE JURISDICTIONS EVER BEEN AFFECTED BY A LEVEE FAILURE ISSUE? ➢ ARE THERE ANY SPECIFIC LEVEES/AREAS THAT ARE A CONCERN TO THE PLANNING AREA? DO ANY OF THE JURISDICTIONS OWN OR MAINTAIN ANY LEVEES? ➢ WHAT ARE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS/ISSUES WITH THESE LEVEES? ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Occasional
➢ Vulnerability: Medium?
➢ Priority Hazard
Severe Weather
Extreme Cold and Freeze
➢ The Planning Area experiences annual occurrences of winter weather, including extreme cold and freeze. Alameda County’s monthly average maximum temperatures in the coldest months (November through March) range from the low-40s to the mid-50s. The lowest recorded daily extreme was 21°F on December 22, 1922. In a typical year, maximum temperatures fall below 32°F on 6.5 days. ➢ No federal disaster declarations related to freeze or Cold. 5 NCDC events for extreme cold and freeze/snow since 1996.
➢ ANY NOTABLE EXTREME COLD/FREEZE EVENTS SINCE 2016? DAMAGES/IMPACTS? ➢ WHAT ARE THE BIGGEST CONSERNS/ISSUES RELATED TO EXTREME COLD AND FREEZE?
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
Packet Page No. 1214
Tri-City A-243
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Extreme Heat
➢ Annual occurrences – it gets hot every summer. In Alameda County, monthly average maximum temperatures in the warmest months (June through September) range from the upper-60s to the low 70s. The highest recorded daily extreme was 109°F on September 4, 1971. In a typical year, maximum temperatures exceed 90°F on 3.5 days.
➢ The NCDC data shows 25 extreme heat incidents for both Alameda County since 1996. ➢ September of 2022 saw many hot days, with cooling centers being opened. A state proclamation was made for the heat.
➢ ANY SPECIFIC INSTANCES OF HEAT THAT CAUSED DAMAGES OR ISSUES FOR THE PLANNING AREA? ESPECIALLY THOSE SINCE 2016? ANY OTHER EVENTS WHERE COOLING CENTERS WERE OPENED?
➢ BIGGEST HEAT RELATED ISSUES/CONCERNS/IMPACTS?
➢ Climate change will affect this hazard in the future. ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Heavy Rains and Storms (Thunderstorms, Hail, Lightning) ➢ Significant Tri-City Planning Area history: annual occurrences. According to the WRCC, average annual precipitation in the Planning Area is 14.31 inches per year. The highest recorded annual precipitation is 31.52 inches in 1983; the highest recorded precipitation for a 24-hour period is 13.67 inches on March 1, 1907. The lowest recorded annual precipitation was 6.89 inches in 1959. ➢ 20 state and federal disaster declarations related to heavy rains and flooding in Alameda County; 27 NCDC heavy rain and storm events since 1993 in Alameda County. ➢ Severe storms/heavy rains are the primary cause of most major flooding. It also contributes to landslides, debris flows, and erosion in the Planning Area. ➢ The Tri-City Planning Area generally has several winter storm events every year, with damages in these events ranging from minor cleanup to millions of dollars. 4 severe storm events occurred in 1986, 1998 and 2005-2006, and 2016. Since the last plan, 3 federal and 2 state declarations for severe storms and flooding occurred in 2017. There have also been three federal disaster declarations to date from severe storms and flooding in 2023.
➢ The most common damage from winter rains and storms and associated flooding have been to infrastructure, including: washouts of culverts; landslides or debris slides affecting roads, and bridges; erosion of channels and adjacent areas; and tree falls. OTHER IMPACTS/ISSUES? ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
High Winds and Tornadoes
➢ Annual occurrences of high wind events
Packet Page No. 1215
Tri-City A-244
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ No state or federal disaster declarations. The NCDC data recorded 358 high wind incidents for Alameda County since 1955. This includes 3 tornado events (all of which were F0 – 1982, 1992, 1994). ➢ ANY NOTABLE HIGH WINDS OR TORNADO EVENTS SINCE 2016?
➢ WHAT ARE THE PLANNING AREA’S BIGGEST CONCERNS/ISSUES/IMPACTS WITH HIGH WINDS? ANY TREE BLOW DOWN EVENTS? OTHER ISSUES?
➢ HOW MANY PSPS EVENTS HAS THE TRI-CITY PLANNING AREA EXPERIENCED? ➢ WHAT OTHER TYPES OF POWER OUTAGE EVENTS HAS THE PLANNING AREA EXPERIENCED, THAT MIGHT BE RELATED TO HIGH WINDS?
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Subsidence
➢ According to the 2023 State HMP, the primary causes of subsidence in California is associated with groundwater pumping, Peat Loss, and Oil extraction.
➢ Union City mentioned a sinkhole in 2023 occurred. They noted that “We have seen other sink holes develop in Union City in the past and believe this will likely occur in our city again.” ➢ DO YOU KNOW THE CAUSE OF THE SINKHOLES?
➢ HAVE OTHER JURISDICTIONS EXPERIENCED ANY SUBSIDENCE RELATED ISSUES? ➢ USD in their Sea Level Rise Report noted that the National Research Council tracks subsidence and their “values include subsidence of 1.5 mm yr-1 for all of California south of Cape Mendocino due to deep tectonic movements.” The report also noted potential subsidence issues resulting from the added fill in the area on poorly compacted Bay Muds.
➢ 2023 State Plan has Tri-City mapped near an area where subsidence is occurring to groundwater pumping. HAS THIS CONTRIBUTED TO SUBSIDENCE IN THE PLANNING AREA? ➢ WHAT ARE THE BIGGEST VULNERABILITIES RELATED TO SUBSIDENCE IN THE PLANNING AREA?
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Unlikely – Occasional ➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard?
Tsunami
➢ There has been no state or federal disaster declarations in Alameda County due to tsunami. The NCDC identifies 1 Tsunami event for Alameda County - March 11, 2011. ➢ The 2021 Alameda County LHMP reported that more than 71 tsunamis have been recorded in San Francisco Bay since 1854. Most of these tsunamis were generated by earthquakes in distant subduction zones near Russia, Japan, or Alaska. The worst tsunami to hit the Bay Area was generated in Alaska by a M 9.2 earthquake on March 27, 1964. This event produced a 2-foot runup in the nearby City of Alameda and a 4-foot runup in the City of Oakland. On March 11, 2011, a tsunami generated in Japan from the Fukushima earthquake resulted in a 2-foot runup in the nearby cities of Alameda and Berkeley. ➢ DID THE TRI-CITY PLANNING AREA EXPERIENCE ANY DAMAGES/IMPACTS FROM PAST TSUNAMI EVENTS? WERE ANY SPECIFIC AREAS IN THE PLANNING AREA INUNDATED? ➢ Biggest tsunami impacts to natural resources (wetlands, endangered species, and species habitat).

TRUE? HAVE STRUCTURES OR INFRASTURE BEEN IMPACTED BY PAST EVENTS? ➢ OTHER IMPACTS/ISSUES/CONCERNS TO THE TRI-CITY JURISDICTIONS? Packet Page No. 1216
Tri-City A-245
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Unlikely – Occasional ➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard?
Wildfire
➢ Wildfires occur on an annual basis in the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ Any ignition has the potential to become an out of control wildfire. ➢ 1 state (1970) and 2 federal (1970 and 1991 (Tunnel Fire)) disaster declarations since 1950. 18 NCDC Events.
➢ Under normal conditions, most fires that start in the Tri-City Planning Area are efficiently controlled by firefighters with no loss of life or structures. A phenomenon known as “Diablo winds” can affect the severity of a wildfire. Red Flag days occur during conditions of low humidity, high temperatures, and hot, dry Diablo winds blowing in from the east and usually occur in the fall months. In recent years, these events are occurring more often.
➢ During the 75-year period between 1923 and 1998, 11 Diablo wind-driven fires in the Berkeley/Oakland hills burned a total of 9,840 acres, destroyed more than 4,000 homes, took 26 lives, and resulted in over $2 billion in financial losses. The most significant fire in this period was the October 20, 1991 Tunnel Fire in the Oakland-Berkeley hills. The fire resulted in 25 deaths, 150 injuries, and the displacement of over 10,000 persons. With destruction and damage to over 3,400 residential units, losses were in excess of $1.5 Billion in 1991 dollars. ➢ The threat of catastrophic wildfires under Diablo wind conditions presents significant risks to public health and safety, homes, and property along the wildland-urban interface. This risk increases with an increase in development along the wildland-urban interface. ➢ Recent drought conditions have exacerbated and continues to exacerbate the risk of major wildland/urban interface fires in or near the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ DOES THE TRI-CITY PLANNING AREA TRACK RED FLAG DAYS?
➢ CAN WE GET LOCAL FIRE LOGS SINCE 2016 FROM THE CITIES? WE HAVE IT FROM FREMONT.
➢ Wildfire smoke from other areas outside the Planning Area have occurred numerous times in the past.

Though the fire itself may not affect the Tri-City, smoke and air quality effects have been felt. ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Extremely High
➢ Priority Hazard
A.4.3. Mitigation Strategy Meeting Handouts
Handouts specific to the two Mitigation Strategy Meetings can be found in Appendix C.

Packet Page No. 1217
Tri-City A-246
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
A.4.4. CRS Committee Activity 510 Meeting Handout
Packet Page No. 1218
Tri
-CityA-247
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Packet Page No. 1219
Tri
-CityA-248
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Packet Page No. 1220
Tri
-CityA-249
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Packet Page No. 1221
Tri-City A-250
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
A.4.5. Final Planning Committee Meeting Handouts
The Final Meeting handouts are contained in Section 2.2 of the Base Plan.

A.4.6. Early Public Kickoff Meeting Handouts
Tri-City LHMP: 2024 Hazards
➢ Climate Change
➢ Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise
➢ Dam Failure
➢ Drought & Water Shortage
➢ Earthquake
➢ Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance
➢ Flood: Localized Stormwater Flooding
➢ Landslide
➢ Levee Failure
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Heat
➢ Severe Weather: Heavy Rains and Storms
➢ Severe Weather: High Winds
➢ Subsidence
➢ Tsunami
➢ Wildfire
Packet Page No. 1222
Tri-City A-251
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Tri-City LHMP: Historic Hazard Worksheet (Past Occurrences) Please fill out one sheet for each significant hazard event with as much detail as possible. Attach supporting documentation, photocopies of newspaper articles, links, or other original sources.

Jeanine Foster, Foster Morrison
6095 Zang Way
Arvada, CO 80004
fax: (720) 893-0863
email: [email protected]
Prepared by:

Phone:

Email:

Date:

Packet Page No. 1223
Tri-City A-252
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
A.4.7. Risk Assessment Public Meeting
The same handout was used as shown in Section A.4.2 above.

A.4.8. Final Public Meeting Handouts
Participating Jurisdictions
➢ City of Fremont
➢ City of Newark
➢ City of Union City
➢ Alameda County Water District
➢ Union Sanitary District
Hazards List
➢ Climate Change
➢ Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise
➢ Dam Failure
➢ Drought and Water Shortage
➢ Earthquake
➢ Flood: (1%/0.2% annual chance)
➢ Flood: Localized/Stormwater
➢ Landslide
➢ Levee Failure
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Heat
➢ Severe Weather: Heavy Rains and Storms
➢ Severe Weather: High Winds and Tornados
➢ Subsidence
➢ Tsunami
➢ Wildfire
Mitigation Strategy: Tri-City Goals
GOAL 1: Reduce risk and vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area to natural hazards (including climate change considerations) and prevent injuries, loss of life, and damage to property, economy, and the environment.

Objectives
➢ Minimize damage to homes, businesses, and public facilities. ➢ Promote public health and safety.
➢ Make every effort to reduce the impacts of hazards and disasters to potable and rechargeable water systems, as well as to wastewater systems.
➢ Promote a disaster resilient and healthy community that adapts to changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of hazard impacts.
➢ Plan for and implement whole community risk reduction and resiliency strategies. ➢ Identify and integrate mitigation strategies into capital improvement programs.

Packet Page No. 1224
Tri-City A-253
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ Reduce risk and vulnerability through the equitable and accessible planning and implementation of hazard mitigation actions and priorities.

GOAL 2: Provide protection and minimize impacts to critical facilities, infrastructure, and community lifelines. Create redundancy and reliability to significantly reduce risk of interruption or failure, minimize loss and the impacts of a disaster, and facilitate recovery.

Objectives:
➢ Identify and implement infrastructure improvements and risk reduction measures to ensure reliability and readiness before, during, and after a disaster.
➢ Identify and secure emergency equipment and resources vital to effective disaster mitigation, response, and recovery efforts.
➢ Develop contingency plans to reduce critical facility and infrastructure failures.

GOAL 3: Promote public education, awareness, and understanding of natural hazards and the risk and vulnerability they present to quality of life, property, environment, and the economy.

Objectives:
➢ Utilize a wide range of outreach and educational tools to engage and educate the whole community, including actions to take before, during, and after a hazard event to build a disaster resistant community. ➢ Foster a culture of resilience by energizing and educating the community. ➢ Encourage individual responsibility and self-sufficiency to minimize impacts to natural hazards. ➢ Establish and outreach evacuation routes and options for sheltering in place for all hazards including potentially large-scale disasters associated with earthquake and dam failure.

Goal 4: Build capacity and capabilities to increase disaster resilience for all hazards with a focus on the whole community.

Objectives:
➢ Develop and enhance public alert and warning capabilities and effectively communicate to the public. ➢ Build and support local capacity and reduce barriers to enable the community to prepare for, respond to, and recover from natural disasters.
➢ Establish and enhance interagency and public-private collaboration and relationships, data sharing, use of shared resources, and mitigation partnerships to reduce hazard related losses, and accelerate recovery, while being respectful of limited tax resources. ➢ Establish a financial plan specific to hazard mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. ➢ Increase use of new technologies and high-quality data. ➢ Identify and enhance resources necessary to support implementation of capital projects and improvements that effectively mitigate hazards and impacts to the community. ➢ Develop and provide temporary response and recovery capabilities as needed to support communications, food and shelter, and other resources.
➢ Promote sharing of emergency plans and procedures with all regional partners, including critical partners such as the Red Cross.

Packet Page No. 1225
Tri-City A-254
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Goal 5: Value the natural environment as a partner, recognize the ecological services provided by nature and harness these ecological processes to mitigate hazards.

Objectives:
➢ Preserve and protect natural resources.
➢ Integrate and maximize the integration of natural and beneficial functions of environmental resources into mitigation actions and projects where feasible.
➢ Mitigate undesirable disaster outcomes for the environment, watersheds, and quality of life.

Goal 6: Integrate mitigation principles and strategies into laws, regulations, policies, and guidance to promote cross -functional planning and regulatory initiatives and to support equitable outcomes to benefit the whole community.

Objectives:
➢ Increase disaster resilience among historically underserved populations, individuals with a disability or access and functional needs, and communities disproportionately impacted by disasters and climate change.

Goal 7: Build earthquake resiliency, prevent and reduce earthquake impacts, and mitigate undesirable earthquake outcomes.

Objectives:
➢ Make life safety a priority.
➢ Make every effort to reduce impacts of earthquake to potable and rechargeable water systems and to wastewater systems.
➢ Conduct comprehensive, interagency earthquake planning to include mitigation strategies, education and outreach, and detailed procedures for response and recovery. ➢ Mitigate secondary hazards associated with earthquake events including fire ignition and spread and prioritize measures for minimizing impacts to critical facilities, infrastructure, and community lifelines.

Mitigation Strategy: Tri-City Planning Area Mitigation Actions Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
City of Fremont Actions
Multi-Hazard Actions
Action 1. In the Safety Element
of the General Plan, update
reference to the Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan.

New Action Public
Information,
Prevention,
Property
Protection
Packet Page No. 1226
Tri-City A-255
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 2. Promote multi-hazard
home mitigation strategies through
public education and outreach.
2016 Action
(modified)
X X X Public
Information,
Prevention,
Property
Protection
Action 3. In the Fremont
Municipal Code, continuously adopt,
or exceed, California Building Code
standards.
2016 Action
(modified)
X X Prevention,
Property
Protection
Action 4. Maintain and expand
auxiliary power capabilities at
identified Critical Facilities.
2016 Action
(modified)
Emergency
Services,
Structural Projects
Action 5. Enhance GIS
mapping of natural hazard risks,
with Critical Facilities and Lifeline
overlays.
2016 Action
(modified)
Prevention,
Emergency
Services
Action 6. Enhance GIS
mapping of real-time threat and
hazard conditions, with Emergency
Services overlays.
2016 Action
(modified)
Emergency
Services, Public
Information
Action 7. Improve failover data
and voice communications
capabilities in support of emergency
response and continuity of
operations.
2016 Action
(modified)
Emergency
Services
Action 8. Study the feasibility of
constructing a new emergency
operations center facility.

New Action Emergency
Services
Action 9. Enhance Public Alert
and Warning capabilities.

New Action Public
Information,
Emergency
Services
Action 10. Improve the resilience
and safety of electrical and natural
gas utilities.

New Action X X Prevention,
Structural Projects
Climate Change Actions
Action 11. Implement Climate
Ready Fremont.
2016 Action X X Prevention,
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 12. Implement the Urban
Forest Management Plan.

New Action X X Prevention,
Natural Resource
Protection
Packet Page No. 1227
Tri-City A-256
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 13. Prioritize growth in
transit-oriented development areas,
as identified in the General Plan,
and along designated corridors
intersecting those areas. Preserve
open space in shoreline and hill
areas.

New Action X X Property
Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise; Dam Failure; Flood: 1%/0.2%, Localized Flooding; Levee Failure; Severe Weather: Heavy Rain and Storms, Wind Actions
Action 14. Maintain or improve
the City of Fremont’s National
Flood Insurance Program,
Community Rating System
classification.
2016 Action X X X Prevention,
Property
Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection,
Emergency
Services,
Public
Information
Action 15. CRS Activities 310-
370: Maintain and expand Public
Information regarding flood risk,
conducting regular public outreach.

New Action X X X Prevention,
Public
Information,
Property
Protection
Action 16. CRS Activities 410-
450: Maintain and improve
floodplain Mapping and Regulations
New Action X X X Prevention,
Public
Information,
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 17. CRS Activities 510-
550: Conduct Flood Damage
Reduction projects, including but
not limited to regular drainage
system maintenance and projects to
identify, assess, and mitigate
nuisance flooding.
2016 Action
(modified)
X X X Prevention,
Natural Resource
Protection,
Structural Projects
Action 18. CRS Activities 610-
630: Maintain and improve flood
Warning and Response capabilities.

New Action X X X Public
Information,
Emergency
Services,
Structural Projects
Action 19. Prevent and protect
against levee failure and floodinduced debris flows.

New Action X X X Prevention,
Property
Protection
Action 20. Become a recognized
National Weather Service
StormReady® community.

New Action X X X Public
Information,
Emergency
Services
Packet Page No. 1228
Tri-City A-257
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 21. Coordinate with
owners of Extremely High Hazard
and High Hazard dams which may
inundate areas of Fremont by
reviewing Emergency Action Plans,
providing updated emergency
contacts, and participating in
periodic exercises.

New Action X X X Public
Information,
Emergency
Services
Earthquake Actions
Action 22. Assess the status of all
buildings subject to the
“Earthquake Hazard Reduction and
Retrofit” provisions of the Fremont
Municipal Code. Conduct
enforcement of any subject
buildings which do not comply.
2016 Action
(modified)
X Prevention,
Property
Protection
Action 23. Develop seismically
resilient water supply solutions to
support post-earthquake firefighting
operations.
2016 Action
(modified)
X X Property
Protection,
Structural
Projects,
Emergency
Services
Action 24. Evaluate seismic risk
to Lifelines (e. g., roads and bridges,
water, natural gas, and/or electrical
distribution) using data collection
and Hazus modeling.

New Action X X Structural Projects
Action 25. Ensure development
complies with the Alquist-Priolo
Earthquake Fault Zone Act, and
otherwise avoid development of
public facilities or intensive
residential, commercial, or industrial
development in the immediate
vicinity of the Hayward Fault.

New Action X Property
Protection
Action 26. Implement
earthquake early warning
technologies to protect emergency
services and the public.

New Action X X Public
Information
Emergency
Services
Property
Protection
Landslide Actions
Action 27. Prevent and protect
against landslides through
geotechnical monitoring.
2016 Action
(modified)
X X Prevention.

Property
Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection
Packet Page No. 1229
Tri-City A-258
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 28. Prevent and protect
against landslide through slope
stabilization, retaining walls, and
other improvements.

New Action X X Prevention.

Property
Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection
Tsunami Actions
Action 29. Post Tsunami Zone
and Tsunami Evacuation Route
signage in designated Tsunami
Hazard Areas.

New Action X X X Public
Information
Action 30. Become a recognized
National Weather Service
TsunamiReady® community.

New Action X X X Public
Information,
Emergency
Services
Wildfire Actions
Action 31. Conduct vegetation
management on public and private
property to reduce wildfire risk.
2016 Action
(modified)
X X Prevention,
Property
Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 32. Support
neighborhood-based applications to
become recognized Firewise USA®
Communities, in accordance with
National Fire Prevention
Association standards.

New Action X X Prevention,
Property
Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 33. In areas prone to
wildfire, prevent and protect against
heat-induced failure of roadways
and utilities by using heat-resistant
construction materials.

New Action X X Prevention,
Structural Projects
Action 34. Improve air filtration
systems at select public facilities (i.
e., those otherwise fit to function as
Air Quality Relief Centers) to
effectively mitigate the effects of
wildfire smoke.

New Action Emergency
Services
City of Newark Actions
Multi-Hazard Actions
Action 1. Integrate Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan into Safety Element
of General Plan
New Action X X Prevention
Action 2. Enhance Public
Education and Awareness of Natural
Hazards and Public Understanding
of Disaster Preparedness
New Action X X Public Information
Packet Page No. 1230
Tri-City A-259
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 3. Continuously adopt the
most current building standards and
include appendices to mitigate
hazards such as but not limited to
Floods, Wildfires, and Earthquake.

New Action X X X Prevention
Action 4. Hardening and Retrofit
of Existing Facilities
New Action X X Prevention
Emergency
Services
Property
Protection
Action 5. Critical Facilities BackUp Power 2017 Action X X Prevention Emergency
Services
Property
Protection
Action 6. Update and enhance
the GIS data systems and mapping
for water-related climate hazards /
Mapping Water-Related Climate
Hazards
New Action X X Prevention
Climate Change Actions
Action 7. Sea Level Rise
Resiliency Plan
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise, Dam Failure, Flood 1%/0.2%, Localized Flooding, Severe Weather Heavy Rains and Storm Actions
Action 8. Maintain good standing
under NFIP and create public
outreach program and awareness
New Action X X X Prevention
Public Information
Action 9. Partner with Alameda
County Flood Control and Water
Conservation District (ACFCD) to
identify mitigation option for various
projects
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 10. Alameda County Flood
Control and Water Conservation
Water District (ACFCD) Line H and
Line I Improvements
2017 Action X X X Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 11. Install storm drainage
improvements at Lindsay Tract
2017 Action X X X Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Packet Page No. 1231
Tri-City A-260
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 12. Develop a Storm Drain
Master Plan
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Earthquake and Tsunami Actions
Action 13. Complete railroad
overcrossing at Central Avenue
2017 Action X X Structural Projects
Wildfire and Severe Weather Extreme Heat Actions
Action 14. Replace Eucalyptus
Groves with non-hazardous tree
species
2017 Action X X Prevention
Property
Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 15. Urban Forest Master
Plan development
2017 Action X X Prevention
Property
Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
City of Union City Actions
Multi-Hazard Actions
Action 1. Integrate Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan into Safety Element
of General Plan
2017 Action X X Prevention
Action 2. Enhance Public
Education and Awareness of Natural
Hazards and Public Understanding
of Disaster Preparedness
2017 Action X X X Public Information
Action 3. Acquire two 4-wheel
drive emergency response vehicles
capable of supporting
emergency/disaster workers with
enhanced safety when traveling into
and out of disaster zones or
dangerous locations.
2017 Action X X Emergency
Services
Action 4. Incident Commanders
Established And ICS Trained
2017 Action X X Emergency
Services
Action 5. Acquire Two
Emergency Mobile Command
Centers
2017 Action X X Emergency
Services
Action 6. Acquire four radio
charging stations for spare radios
2017 Action X X Emergency
Services
Action 7. Consider Participation
in Incentive-Based Programs such as
the Community Rating System, Tree
City and Storm Ready.
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Packet Page No. 1232
Tri-City A-261
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 8. Conduct a seismic and
functional assessment of the CERT
trailer behind Fire Station #31, for
use as the designated alternate EOC
site.
2017 Action X X Emergency
Services
Action 9. Acquire Emergency
Generators for the City's Critical
Facilities, Specifically Fire Station
#31, Senior Center, and Corporation
Yard
2017 Action X X Property
Protection
Property
Protection
Action 10. Conduct a Feasibility
Study to Identify Temporary Morgue
Facilities
2017 X X Emergency
Services
Action 11. Develop a Disaster
Debris Management Plan
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Emergency
Services
Climate Change Actions
Action 12. Climate Action Plan
Update
New Action X X X Prevention
Property
Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise, Dam Failure, Flood 1%/0.2%, Localized Flooding, Severe Weather Heavy Rains and Storm Actions
Action 13. Maintain good standing
under the National Flood Insurance
Program by implementing programs
that meet or exceed the minimum
NFIP requirements. Such programs
include enforcing an adopted flood
damage prevention ordinance,
participating in floodplain mapping
updates, and providing public
assistance and information on
floodplain requirements and impacts.
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Action 14. Implement Stormwater
Master Plans
New Action X X X Prevention
Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Drought Actions
Packet Page No. 1233
Tri-City A-262
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 15. Develop and Maintain
a Landscape Design Manual to
Provide General Guidance and
Education to the Public on Water
efficiency in Landscaping and to
serve as a Resource for Water
Efficient Landscape design and
Installation Including lists of
Recommended Site Appropriate
Native and Drought-Tolerant Plant
Species.
2017 Action X X Prevention
Property
Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Earthquake and Tsunami Actions
Action 16. Work with ACWD to
Design and Install Seismically
Resilient Backbone Pipeline through
Liquefaction Soils in Union City.
2017 Action X X Emergency
Services
Structural Projects
Property
Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 17. Establish a BroadbandWiFi network in the Station District2017 Action X X Prevention Emergency
Services
Action 18. Establish a BroadbandWiFi Network Backbone
Infrastructure along Major
Throughfares Throughout the City.
2017 Action X X Prevention
Emergency
Services
Action 19. Conduct a Feasibility
Study to Review the Highway
Overpass Bridge of Alvarado-Niles
Rd. over I-880, for any Seismic
Upgrades.
2017 Action X X Structural Projects
Action 20. Coordinate with the
City of Hayward to Conduct a
Feasibility Study to Review any
Seismic Upgrades for the I-880
Overpass over Whipple Road
2017 Action X X Structural Projects
Action 21. Construct Grade
Separations on the Niles
Subdivisions and the Oakland
Subdivision in the Decoto
Neighborhood and on the Coast
Subdivision on Union City Blvd,
Smith Street, Dyer Street, and
Alvarado Blvd.
2017 Action X X Structural Projects
Wildfire and Severe Weather Extreme Heat Actions
Packet Page No. 1234
Tri-City A-263
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 22. Acquire handheld GPS
trackers to develop an urban tree
inventory for monitoring the health
of trees and identifying potentially
dangerous or dead trees.
2017 Action X X Prevention
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 23. Develop a long-term
urban forest management plan to
address adverse future impacts on
the City’s natural resources
2017 Action X X Prevention
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 24. Conduct a Feasibility
Study to Review Necessary
Improvement Required to Make
Critical Facilities for Recovering
Families After Crisis
New Action X X Prevention
Emergency
Services
ACWD Actions
Multi-Hazard Actions
Action 1. Develop and maintain
an asset management program that
tracks natural hazard events.
2022 Action X X X Prevention
Action 2. Reevaluate standby
generator needs and purchase and
install as needed
2022 Action X X Prevention
Emergency
Services
Property
Protection
Action 3. Retrofit and/or update
District tanks and reservoirs to
improve seismic resilience.
2022 Action X X Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Action 4. Consider the purchase
and installation of fuel cells as
alternative emergency power backup
systems at Newark Desalination
Facility and the Blending Facility.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Emergency
Services
Property
Protection
Action 5. Repair diversion
capability through the Kaiser
embankment to ensure post disaster
groundwater recharge capabilities
and to protect the natural and
beneficial functions of the Kaiser
Ponds.
2022 Action X X X Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 6. As needed, review,
update and enhance intertie
agreements with the City of Hayward
and the City of Milpitas.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Property
Protection
Emergency
Services
Packet Page No. 1235
Tri-City A-264
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 7. Study water supply
reliability alternatives including
recycled water, and Lake Del Valle
and Los Vaqueros reservoir storage
expansion projects to improve water
supply capabilities from catastrophic
losses of supply.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Property
Protection
Emergency
Services
Action 8. Continue to participate
in local emergency response trainings
and exercises.
2022 Action X X Emergency
Services
Action 9. Continue to integrate
the capital improvement program
with the LHMP.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Emergency
Services
Natural Resource
Protection
Drought and Water Shortage
Action 10. Continue to prioritize
and implement distribution system
replacements and improvements to
identified critical consumers and/or
vulnerable areas.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Property
Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 11. Install a second Deep
Aquifer water well at the Mowry
Wellfield.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Emergency
Services
Property
Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 12. Blend Facility for
PFAS.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Structural Projects
Action 13. Complete a redesign of
blending facility to allow low
production and neat chemical feed.
2022 Action Prevention
Structural Projects
Action 14. Complete
desalinization facility reliability
enhancements as indicated in the
Integrated Resources Plan.
2022 Action Structural Projects
Property
Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Earthquake Actions
Action 15. Design and install a
seismically resilient backbone
pipeline through liquefiable soils,
primarily in Union City.
2022 Action X X Emergency
Services
Structural Projects
Property
Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Packet Page No. 1236
Tri-City A-265
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 16. Install emergency
isolation valves into the distribution
system with remote operation
capability, as appropriate.
2022 Action X X Emergency
Services
Structural Projects
Property
Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 17. Enhance Booster
Pumping to the Upper Zones (for
example PR-1 or Seven Hills)
2022 Action X X Emergency
Services
Structural Projects
Property
Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
USD Actions
Multi-Hazard Actions
Action 1. Public Education
Outreach
2017 Action X X Property
Protection
Emergency
Services
Action 2. Enhanced Treatment
and Site Upgrade (ETSU)- Phase 1A
Campus Building and Aeration Basin
Modifications; Phase 1B Secondary
Clarifiers & Effluent Facilities; Phase
1C Plant Equalization Storage
2017 Action X X Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Climate Change Actions
Action 3. Irvington Pump
Station Solar & Battery Project
New Action X X Property
Protection
Emergency
Services
Action 4. Battery Storage & 3rd
Cogen
New Action X X Public Information
Sea Level Rise, Earthquake Actions
Action 5. Field Ops Building
Seismic Upgrade
2017 Action X X Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Drought/Water Shortage Actions
Action 6. Digester #8 New Action X X Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Earthquake Actions
Action 7. Seismic Retrofit of
Concrete Structures
2017 Action X X Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Packet Page No. 1237
Tri-City A-266
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 8. Newark Pump Station
Emergency Outfall
2017 Action X X Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 9. Seismic upgrade of
Primary Clarifier 1-4
2017 Action X X Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Sea Level Rise, Subsidence Actions
Action 10. Forcemain Alameda
Creek Crossing Ground Stabilization
2017 Action X X Property
Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
.

Packet Page No. 1238
Tri-City B-1
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Appendix B References
2010 City of Newark Climate Action Plan
2010 City of Union City Climate Action Plan
2013 City of Newark General Plan
2013 City of Newark General Plan Conservation and Sustainability Element 2013 City of Newark General Plan Land Use Element
2015-2023 City of Newark Housing Element
2016 City of Fremont LHMP Update
2016 City of Fremont Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
2017 City of Fremont, Newark, Union City, Alameda County Water District, and Union Sanitary District Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
2017 Union City/Newark Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 2018 Alameda County Flood Insurance Study
2018 and 2023 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan
2019 City of Union City General Plan
2019 City of Union City General Plan Land Use Element
2019 Union City General Plan Economic Development Element 2019 Union City General Plan Health & Quality of Life Element 2019 Union City General Plan Resource Conservation Element 2019 Union City General Plan Safety Element
2020 California Climate Adaptation Study
2021 Alameda County LHMP
2021 Critical Infrastructure at Risk – Sea Level Rise Planning Guidance for California’s Coastal Zone 2022 Alameda County Water District Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Packet Page No. 1239
Tri-City B-2
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
2023 Alameda County Assessor’s data/Parcel data
2023 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan
2023 Sewer System Management Plan
2023-2031 City of Union City Housing Element
ACWD
ACWD 2018 Strategic Plan
ACWD Business Continuity Plan
ACWD Cayenta System
ACWD Climate Adaptation Plan
ACWD Distribution System Seismic Improvement Study
ACWD Emergency Response Plan

ACWD GIS
ACWD Urban Water Management Plan
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Alameda County
Alameda County Assessor’s Office Parcel/Assessor Data (2023) Alameda County Parcel/Assessor Data (Source: City of Fremont, May 2023) Alameda County Water District
Alameda County Water District GIS
Alameda County Water District staff
American Lifelines Alliance
ArkStorm at Tahoe – Stakeholder Perspectives on Vulnerabilities and Preparedness for an Extreme Storm Event in the Greater Lake Tahoe, Reno and Carson City Region. 2014.

Bureau of Land Management
CA DWR Best Available Maps
Packet Page No. 1240
Tri-City B-3
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
CA DWR Disadvantaged Community Mapping
Cal DWR Disadvantaged Communities
Cal DWR Division of Safety of Dams

CAL FIRE
CAL FIRE Fire Hazard Severity Zone
CAL FIRE GIS datasets
Cal OES
Cal OES Dam Inundation Areas
Cal-Adapt
Cal-Adapt – Annual Average of Acres Burned
Cal-Adapt – Extended Drought Scenarios
Cal-Adapt – Number of Extreme Heat Days by Year
Cal-Adapt – Precipitation: Decadal Averages Map
CalAtlas
CalEPA
California Adaptation Planning Guide
California Adaptation Planning Guide, Bay Area Region (2017) California Climate Adaptation Strategy (CAS) – 2021
California Department of Finance
California Department of Finance 2023 E-1 Report
California Department of Fish and Wildlife
California Department of Parks and Recreation Office of Historic Preservation California Department of Water Resources
California Department of Water Resources (CA DWR) Special Populations and Disadvantaged Community Mapping
Packet Page No. 1241
Tri-City B-4
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
California Department of Water Resources Best Available Maps California Department of Water Resources Division of Safety of Dams California Division of Mines and Geology
California DWR
California Environmental Protection Agency
California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal EPA) Disadvantaged Communities California Environmental Quality Act
California Geological Survey
California Health and Safety Code
California Independent System Operator
California Natural Diversity Database
California Natural Resources Report in 2014
California Office of Emergency Services – Dam Inundation Data California Public Utilities Commission
California’s Adaptation Planning Guide: Understanding Regional Characteristics California’s Drought of 2007-2009, An Overview. State of California Natural Resources Agency, California Department of Water Resources.

California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment
Capacity and Conditions Assessments Summaries
Capital Improvement Program
CDC Social Vulnerability Index
Center for Disease Control (CDC) Social Vulnerability Index CGS Susceptibility to Deep Seated Landslide maps
CGS Susceptibility to Deep Seated Landslides (CGS Map Sheet 58) CGS Tsunami Coastal Evacuation Zone
Packet Page No. 1242
Tri-City B-5
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
CGS Tsunami Inundation Areas
City of Freemont (2023) Annual Comprehensive Financial Report City of Freemont Climate Action Plan (2023)
City of Freemont Community Development Department, Sustainability Division City of Freemont Downtown Community Plan
City of Freemont Emergency Operations Plan (2020)
City of Freemont General Plan (2011)
City of Freemont General Plan Land Use Element
City of Freemont GIS
City of Fremont Building Department
City of Fremont General Plan Conservation Element
City of Fremont General Plan Safety Element (2011)
City of Fremont GIS
City of Fremont staff
City of Newark Capital Improvement Plan (2022)
City of Newark Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (2013) City of Newark GIS
City of Newark Housing Element
City of Newark staff
City of Union City Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan City of Union City GIS
City of Union City Hazardous Materials Area Plan
City of Union City staff
City of Union City Station District Specific Plan
Packet Page No. 1243
Tri-City B-6
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
City of Union City Strategic Plan and Capital Improvement Plan City Planning Team Input
Climate Change and Health Profile Report – Alameda County Climate Ready Fremont (2023)
Community Disaster Resilience Zones Act
Cosmos 2021
Critical Infrastructure at Risk – Sea Level Rise Planning Guidance for California’s Coastal Zone by the California Coastal Commission (2021)
Dam Owners/Operators
Department of Energy
Development Activities Areas
Distribution System Seismic Improvement Study (Technical Memorandum no. 1 Geologic/Geotechnical Hazard Assessment) 2007
Earthquake Hazus Global Summary Risk Report
East Bay Dischargers Authority Climate Ready Final Report (August 2015) Existing plans and studies
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FEMA
FEMA 12/21/2018 DFIRM
FEMA Community Disaster Resilience Zones
FEMA DFIRM 12/21/2018
FEMA DFIRM mapping
FEMA Disaster Declaration Database
FEMA: Building Performance Assessment: Oklahoma and Kansas Tornadoes FEMA’s HAZUS-MH 6.0 GIS-based inventory data
Packet Page No. 1244
Tri-City B-7
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Fire following the Mw 7.05 HayWired earthquake scenario (2018) FM Global Insurance company
Fox 2 News website - https://www.ktvu.com/news/mudslides-block-travel-cause-headaches-for-east-bayresidents (image on A-263) Freemont Municipal Code
Fremont Community Development Department
Fremont Development Activity Map
Fremont Economic Development Department
Geospatial Research, Analysis & Services Program
Hazus 6.0
Hazus 6.1
Hazus Scenario Catalogs
Housing Element Inventory Areas
Integrated Regional Water Management Plan
IPCC Fifth Assessment Synthesis Report (2014)
Kenward, Alyson PhD, Adams-Smith, Dennis, and Raja, Urooj. Wildfires and Air Pollution – The Hidden Health Hazards of Climate Change. Climate Central. 2013.

Levees in History: The Levee Challenge. Dr. Gerald E. Galloway, Jr., P.E., Ph.D., Water Policy Collaborative, University of Maryland, Visiting Scholar, USACE, IWR.

Liu, J.C., Mickley, L.J., Sulprizio, M.P. et al. Climatic Change. 138: 655. doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1762-

6. 2016.

Local Input
May 2022 City of Newark General Plan Safety Element Existing Conditions Memorandum Metropolitan Transportation Commission
Multi-Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, FEMA 1997 National Drought Mitigation Center
Packet Page No. 1245
Tri-City B-8
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
National Drought Mitigation Center – Drought Impact Reporter National Environmental Policy Act
National Institute of Building Science Multi-Hazard Mitigation Council 2019 Interim Report National Integrated Drought Information System
National Levee Database
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Climatic Data Center National Weather Service
National Weather Service XMAC site
Natural Resource and Conservation Service
NCDC
NFIP CIS data 7/2023
NOAA Storm Prediction Center
NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Personal interviews with planning team members and staff from each jurisdiction Planning Committee input
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Public Health Alliance of Southern California
Public Policy Institute of California
Public Works
Sanitary Sewer Master Plan (2021 Audit)
Scawthorn, C. 2018. "Fire following the Mw 7.05 HayWired earthquake scenario." Pp. 367-400 in The HayWired Earthquake Scenario --Engineering Implications, edited by Shane T. Detweiler and Anne M.

Packet Page No. 1246
Tri-City B-9
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Wein. Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017 -5013 -I -Q. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20175013
Science Magazine
Sea Level Rise Report (June 2013)
sealevelrise.org
State of California Department of Conservation
State of California Hazard Mitigation Plan (2023)
Statewide GIS datasets from other agencies such as Cal OES, FEMA, USGS, CGS, Cal Atlas, and others The Uniform Building Code
Tri-City Participating Jurisdictions
U.S. Census Bureau
U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Household Population Estimates
U.S. Climate Data
U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s National Wetlands Inventory maps U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Uniform Building Code Seismic Zones
United States Geological Survey
United States Geological Survey Open File Report 2015‐3009 University of California
University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management US Army Corps of Engineers
Packet Page No. 1247
Tri-City B-10
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
US Census Bureau
US Census Bureau (2020)
US Census Bureau (2022) ACS 5-Year Survey
US Census Bureau American Community Survey 2021 Estimates US Census Bureau Average Household Sizes
US Census Data from the American Housing Survey
US Center for Disease Control
US Drought Monitor
US EPA
US Fish and Wildlife Service
USD

USD GIS
USD Preliminary Study on the Effect of Sea Level Rise on District Infrastructure USD Seismic Preliminary Report (April 2016)
USDA Forest Service Region 5
USGS Bulletin 1847
USGS HayWired Fact Sheet (2018)
USGS Hazus Specialist
USGS National Earthquake Information Center
USGS Publication 2014-3120
USGS/CGS Earthquake Liquefaction Susceptibility
USGS/CGS Liquefaction Susceptibility Zones
Vaisala National Lightning Detection Network
Western Regional Climate Center
Packet Page No. 1248
Tri-City B-11
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Wildfire Safety Operations Center
World Meteorological Organization
Written descriptions of inventory and risks provided by staff from the Tri-City Planning Area jurisdictions Packet Page No. 1249
Tri-City C-1
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Appendix C Mitigation Strategy
C.1 Mitigation Strategy Handout
Tri-City Multi-Jurisdictional
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP)
Planning Committee Meetings #3 & #4 - Mitigation Strategy September 19 & 20, 2023
Table of Contents:

Agenda
Day 1:
➢ LHMP Project Status/Next Steps/Timeline…4
➢ Hazard Identification & Profiles…5
➢ Risk Assessment Methodology…6
➢ Risk Assessment Summary…7
➢ Tri-City Priority Hazards (by Jurisdiction) …14
➢ Mitigation Strategy: Goals…17
➢ 2018 State HMP/2023 State HMP Goals…18
➢ Tri-City Goals from Previous LHMPs…19
➢ Example Goal Statements…20
➢ Goals Development…21
Day 2:
➢ Mitigation Strategy Action Development: Ground Rules…23 ➢ Mitigation Strategy: Actions …24
➢ Categories of Mitigation Actions…24
➢ Mitigation Actions/Projects from Previous LHMPs…28
➢ Mitigation Strategy: Action Plan…37
➢ Mitigation Criteria …37
➢ Mitigation Action Prioritization Instructions…39
➢ Mitigation Action Worksheet …40
Jeanine Foster ([email protected])
Foster Morrison Consulting Ltd.
(303) 717-7171
Packet Page No. 1250
Tri-City C-2
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
AGENDA
Tri-City Multi-Jurisdictional
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP)
Planning Committee Meetings #3 & #4
Mitigation Strategy
Tuesday September 19, 2023 (1:00 - 4:00 pm)
Wednesday September 20, 2023 (9:00 am - 12:00 pm)
Alameda County Water District - Board Room
43885 S. Grimmer Blvd.

Fremont, CA 94538
Planning Committee Meeting #3:

1. Introductions

2. Grant Update

3. LHMP Project Status and Next Steps/Timeline

4. Risk Assessment Status and Hazus

5. Priority Hazards Review

6. Develop Plan Goals and Objectives

7. Introduction to Planning Committee Meeting #4: Mitigation Alternatives/Actions/Projects
Planning Committee Meeting #4:

1. Introductions

2. Review Mitigation Categories and Selection Criteria

3. Brainstorming of Mitigation Alternatives/Actions/Projects by Hazard

4. Prioritization of Mitigation Actions/Projects

5. Questions
Packet Page No. 1251
Tri-City C-3
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Strategy Meetings
September 19 & 20, 2023
Day 1
Packet Page No. 1252
Tri-City C-4
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Status of the 2024 Tri-City LHMP Project/Next Steps
FEMA’s 4-Phase-10 Step DMA/CRS Planning Process
Phase I: Organize Resources
1) Get organized
2) Plan for public involvement
3) Coordinate with other departments and
agencies
Phase II: Risk Assessment
4) Identify the hazard(s)
5) Assess the risks
Capability Assessment
Phase III: Mitigation Strategy
6) Set planning goals
7) Review mitigation alternatives
8) Draft an action plan
Phase IV: Adoption and Implementation
9) Adopt the plan
10) Implement the plan, evaluate its worth, and
revise as needed
LHMP Project Schedule/Key Dates
LHMP Meetings
➢ September 19 (Tuesday) PC* Meeting #3 (Mitigation Strategy: Goals Development) (1:00-4:00 pm) ➢ September 20 (Wednesday) PC Meeting #4 (Mitigation Strategy: Actions and Projects) (9:00 am - 12:00 pm)
➢ January 24 (Wednesday) Final Public Meeting #3 (6:00-7:30 pm) ➢ January 25 (Thursday) PC Meeting #5 (9:00 am -12:00 pm) Mitigation Strategy Meetings - Follow up
➢ September 29 (Friday) Mitigation Strategy (goals/actions) processed and sent to Project Team/PC ➢ October 27 (Friday) Mitigation Action (Project) Worksheets and edits/refinement to draft Goals and Objectives due to Foster Morrison
LHMP Document Drafts
➢ November 10 (Friday): PC (First) Draft LHMP to Project Team/PC ➢ December 8 (Friday): Project Team/PC comments due on Draft Plan ➢ December 21 (Thursday): Comments incorporated into Public Review (Second) Draft to Project Team/PC
➢ January 2 (Tuesday): Public Review Draft on Participating Jurisdictions’ websites ➢ February 2 (Friday): All Project Team, PC and Public input to Foster Morrison ➢ February 16: All final comments incorporated and LHMP submittal to Cal OES – February 2024 *PC = Planning Committee
Packet Page No. 1253
Tri-City C-5
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Tri-City Planning Area Hazard Identification & Profiles Hazard
Geographic
Extent
Likelihood of
Future
Occurrences
Magnitude/
Severity Significance
Climate
Change
Influence
Climate Change Extensive Highly Likely Critical High –
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise Limited Highly Likely Limited Medium High Dam Failure Sig – Ext. Unlikely Catastrophic High Medium Drought & Water Shortage Extensive Likely Limited Medium High Earthquake Extensive Occasional/
Highly Likely
Catastrophic High Low
Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance Significant Occasional Critical High High Flood: Localized/Stormwater Flooding Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium Medium Landslide Limited Likely Limited Medium Medium
Levee Failure Limited Unlikely Limited Medium Medium
Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and
Freeze
Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium Medium
Severe Weather: Extreme Heat Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium High Severe Weather: Heavy Rain and Storms Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium Medium Severe Weather: High Winds and
Tornadoes
Extensive Highly Likely Negligible Medium Medium
Subsidence Limited Likely Negligible Low Medium
Tsunami Limited Unlikely Limited Medium Low
Wildfire Limited Highly Likely Critical Medium Medium
Geographic Extent
Limited: Less than 10% of planning
area
Significant: 10-50% of planning area
Extensive: 50-100% of planning area
Likelihood of Future Occurrences
Highly Likely: Near 100% chance of
occurrence in next year, or happens
every year.

Likely: Between 10 and 100% chance of
occurrence in next year, or has a
recurrence interval of 10 years or less.

Occasional: Between 1 and 10%
chance of occurrence in the next year, or
has a recurrence interval of 11 to 100
years.

Unlikely: Less than 1% chance of
occurrence in next 100 years, or has a
recurrence interval of greater than every
100 years.

Magnitude/Severity
Catastrophic: More than 50 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than 30 days; and/or multiple deaths Critical: 25-50 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for at least two weeks; and/or injuries and/or illnesses result in permanent disability
Limited: 10-25 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than a week; and/or injuries/illnesses treatable do not result in permanent disability
Negligible: Less than 10 percent of property severely damaged, shutdown of facilities and services for less than 24 hours; and/or injuries/illnesses treatable with first aid
Significance (Medium or High Significance=Priority Hazard) Low: Minimal potential impact
Medium: Moderate potential impact
High: Widespread potential impact
Climate Change Influence
Low: Minimal potential impact
Medium: Moderate potential impact
High: Widespread potential impact
Packet Page No. 1254
Tri-City C-6
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Risk Assessment Methodology
Calculating Likelihood of Future Occurrence
The frequency of past events is used in this section to gauge the likelihood of future occurrences. Based on historical data, the likelihood of future occurrence is categorized into one of the following classifications:
➢ Highly Likely: Near 100% chance of occurrence in next year, or happens every year. ➢ Likely: Between 10 and 90% chance of occurrence in next year, or has a recurrence interval of 10 years or less.
➢ Occasional: Between 1 and 10% chance of occurrence in the next year, or has a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.
➢ Unlikely: Less than 1% chance of occurrence in next 100 years, or has a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years.

Packet Page No. 1255
Tri-City C-7
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Risk Assessment Summary: Tri-City 2024 LHMP
Climate Change
➢ The 2023 State of California Hazard Mitigation Plan stated that climate change is clearly affecting California. Sea levels have risen by as much as seven inches along the California coast over the last century, increasing erosion and pressure on the state’s infrastructure, water supplies, and natural resources. The State has also seen increased average temperatures, more extreme hot days, fewer cold nights, a lengthening of the growing season, shifts in the water cycle with less winter precipitation falling as snow, and both snowmelt and rainwater running off sooner in the year. The number, magnitude, and severity of hazard events and disasters are significantly increasing resulting in catastrophic events. Climate Change has the potential to significantly alter the nature and frequency of most hazards.
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: High
➢ Priority Hazard
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise
➢ No state or federal disaster declarations specific to coastal flooding and sea level rise; although coastal flooding was likely a component of many of the disaster declarations for flood. The NCDC reported 4 events of coastal flooding and high surf for Alameda County. ➢ The frequency and severity of coastal flooding is expected to increase as sea levels rise. ➢ The western edge of the Tri-City Planning Area encompasses miles of shoreline, which is subject to coastal flooding and SLR.
➢ Coastal flooding is more intense during periods of king tides. NOAA notes that a king tide is a nonscientific term people often use to describe exceptionally high tides. Higher than normal tides typically occur during a new or full moon and when the Moon is at its perigee, or during specific seasons around the country. Should flooding occur around a king tide, damages in the Tri-City would be higher. ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: High
➢ Priority Hazard
Dam Failure
➢ There are 23 dams in Alameda County that were constructed for flood control, storage, treatment impoundments, electrical generation, and recreational purposes. Of the 23 dams in Alameda County, 11 were rated as Extremely High Hazard, 7 are rated as High Hazard, 3 as Significant Hazard, and 2 as Low Hazard. Outside of Alameda County, 2 EH Hazard dams located in Santa Clara County also have inundation areas that intersect with the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ Of these dams, 7 Extremely High Hazard, 2 High Hazard, and 3 Significant Hazard dams have the potential to impact (i.e., inundation areas) the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ 1 of the Extremely High Hazard dams (Decoto), 2 High Hazard dams (Middlefield, Quarry Pits) and 2 Significant Hazard dams (Shinn, Rubber Dam #3, and Patterson) are owned by ACWD. ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Occasional
➢ Vulnerability: Extremely High
➢ Priority Hazard
Packet Page No. 1256
Tri-City C-8
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Drought and Water Shortage
➢ Historical drought data for the Tri-City Planning Area and region indicate there have been 5 significant multi-year droughts in the last 84 years.
➢ 2 state disaster declarations in 1976 and 2014; 1 federal disaster declaration in 1976. ➢ ACWD supplies water to the Tri-City Planning Area. Their supply includes water that originates as precipitation within the Alameda Creek watershed and water that is transported from the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta through the South Bay Aqueduct. Sixteen wells are used to pump water from the groundwater basin to a system of distribution mains serving residents and businesses.

Packet Page No. 1257
Tri-City C-9
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ The Uniform Building Code (UBC) identifies four seismic zones in the United States. The zones are numbered one through four, with Zone 4 representing the highest level of seismic hazard. The UBC establishes more stringent construction standards for areas within Zones 3 and 4. All of California lies within either Zone 3 or Zone 4. The Planning Area is within the more hazardous Zone 4. ➢ The expected consequences of a major earthquake on the Tri-City Planning Area include not only building damage, but also casualties (injuries and deaths) and loss of important functions. The buildings most at risk are older buildings, designed to lower seismic performance standards compared to current or recent code buildings, especially buildings that are non-ductile such as masonry buildings. ➢ Liquefaction is a process where loose, wet sediments lose bearing strength during an earthquake and behave similar to a liquid. Settling or lateral spreading can cause major damage to buildings and to infrastructure such as roads, underground utilities, and levees. ➢ Based on the CGS Seismic Hazard Zone (liquefaction) Maps, the Tri-City Planning Area is underlain by many areas at risk to liquefaction. Almost the entire Planning Area is in the Moderate, High, or Very High Liquefaction Susceptibility Zones.
➢ In addition, several areas within the Tri-City Planning Area are also prone to earthquake induced landslides based on CGS mapping. These areas are generally confined to the sloped areas of the Planning Area where the susceptibility to landslides are greatest. This is predominantly in the Hills Open Space Area within the eastern portion of the Planning Area. ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Extremely High
➢ Priority Hazard
Flood Hazards
FEMA Mapped Floodplains - 1%/0.2% Annual Chance
➢ Historically, flooding associated with severe winter storms has been among the most common disasters in the Bay Area. The Tri-City Planning Area has frequently suffered significant damage in past severe winter storms from floods as well as from high winds, landslides, debris flows and erosion. ➢ 20 state federal disaster declarations related to heavy rains and flooding in Alameda County. ➢ 55 NCDC flood events since 1993 for Alameda County.
➢ The Tri-City Planning Area has several winter storm events every year, with damages in these events ranging from minor cleanup to millions of dollars. 4 severe storm events occurred in 1986, 1998 and 2005-2006, and 2016. Since 2016, 3 federal and 2 state declarations for severe storms and flooding occurred in 2017. There have been three federal disaster declarations to date from flooding in 2023. ➢ The most common damage from winter rains and storms and associated flooding have been to infrastructure, including: washouts of culverts; landslides or debris slides affecting roads, and bridges; erosion of channels and adjacent areas; and tree falls. ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: 1%-Occasional; 0.5%-Unlikely; ➢ Vulnerability: High
➢ Priority Hazard
Localized/Stormwater flooding
➢ Flood hazard areas for the Tri-City Planning Area are not limited to areas within FEMA-mapped floodplains, and include areas affected by localized, stormwater flooding events.

Packet Page No. 1258
Tri-City C-10
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ Since the last plans, 6 federal and 4 state declarations for heavy rain and storms, flooding, and other damages occurred.
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Landslide
➢ Historically, the Tri-City Planning Area has experienced damage from various slope failures associated with heavy rains and winter storm events. Fremont was close to being in the path of the 1998 Mission Peak slide. Also, in December of 2022 and again in January of 2023, Niles Canyon Road in Fremont was closed due to mudslides.
➢ CGS maps show portions of the Planning Area in high to very high susceptibility areas to Deep-Seated Landslides. These areas are generally confined to the sloped areas of the Planning Area, predominantly in the Hills Open Space Area within the eastern portion of the Planning Area. ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Levee Failure
➢ There are numerous levee segments in the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ Levee failures can occur during high water events and under normal non-flood conditions. There are numerous causes for such failures, including scour, foundation failures, under-seepage, throughseepage, animal burrows, and others. Levees can also fail as a result of earthquakes. ➢ The probability of levee failure is increasing over time due to sea level rise, increased flooding potential from global climate range resulting in early winter snow melts, and the likelihood of an earthquake. ➢ Based on the DFIRMS, there are several 0.2%, X-protected by levee flood zones that protect the TriCity Planning Area. (Note: This is based on levees that are certified as providing 100-year level of protection). However, other non-certified levee segments are located throughout the Planning Area. ➢ No disaster declarations for levee failure have occurred in Alameda County since 1950. ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Occasional
➢ Vulnerability: High
➢ Priority Hazard
Severe Weather
Extreme Cold and Freeze
➢ The Planning Area experiences annual occurrences of winter weather, including extreme cold and freeze. Alameda County’s monthly average maximum temperatures in the coldest months (November through March) range from the low-40s to the mid-50s. The lowest recorded daily extreme was 21°F on December 22, 1922. In a typical year, maximum temperatures fall below 32°F on 6.5 days. ➢ No federal disaster declarations related to freeze or Cold. 5 NCDC events for extreme cold and freeze/snow since 1996.
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Packet Page No. 1259
Tri-City C-11
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Extreme Heat
➢ Annual occurrences – it gets hot every summer. In Alameda County, monthly average maximum temperatures in the warmest months (June through September) range from the upper-60s to the low 70s. The highest recorded daily extreme was 109°F on September 4, 1971. In a typical year, maximum temperatures exceed 90°F on 3.5 days.
➢ The NCDC data shows 25 extreme heat incidents for both Alameda County since 1996. ➢ September of 2022 saw many hot days, with cooling centers being opened. A state proclamation was declared for the heat.
➢ Climate change will continue to affect this hazard in the future. ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Heavy Rains and Storms (Thunderstorms, Hail, Lightning) ➢ Significant Tri-City Planning Area history: annual occurrences. According to the WRCC, average annual precipitation in the Planning Area is 14.31 inches per year. The highest recorded annual precipitation is 31.52 inches in 1983; the highest recorded precipitation for a 24-hour period is 13.67 inches on March 1, 1907. The lowest recorded annual precipitation was 6.89 inches in 1959. ➢ 20 state and federal disaster declarations related to heavy rains and flooding in Alameda County; 27 NCDC heavy rain and storm events since 1993 in Alameda County. ➢ Severe storms/heavy rains are the primary cause of most major flooding. It also contributes to landslides, debris flows, and erosion in the Planning Area. ➢ The Tri-City Planning Area generally has several winter storm events every year, with damages in these events ranging from minor cleanup to millions of dollars. 4 severe storm events occurred in 1986, 1998 and 2005-2006, and 2016. Since the last plan, 3 federal and 2 state declarations for severe storms and flooding occurred in 2017. There have also been three federal disaster declarations to date from severe storms and flooding in 2023.
➢ The most common damage from winter rains and storms and associated flooding have been to infrastructure, including: washouts of culverts; landslides or debris slides affecting roads, and bridges; erosion of channels and adjacent areas; and tree falls. ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
High Winds and Tornadoes
➢ Annual occurrences of high wind events
➢ No state or federal disaster declarations. The NCDC data recorded 358 high wind incidents for Alameda County since 1955. This includes 3 tornado events (all of which were F0 – 1982, 1992, 1994).

Diablo winds are a significant concern in the region and can contribute to wildfire spread and associated damage.
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Packet Page No. 1260
Tri-City C-12
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Subsidence
➢ According to the 2023 State HMP, the primary causes of subsidence in California is associated with groundwater pumping, peat loss, and oil extraction.
➢ Union City mentioned a sinkhole in 2023 occurred. They noted that “We have seen other sink holes develop in Union City in the past and believe this will likely occur in our City again.” ➢ USD in their Sea Level Rise Report noted that the National Research Council tracks subsidence and their “values include subsidence of 1.5 mm yr-1 for all of California south of Cape Mendocino due to deep tectonic movements.” The report also noted potential subsidence issues resulting from the added fill in the area on poorly compacted Bay Muds.
➢ 2023 State Plan has Tri-City mapped near an area where subsidence is occurring due to groundwater pumping.
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Unlikely – Occasional ➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Non-Priority Hazard (for the Planning Area as a whole) Tsunami
➢ There has been no state or federal disaster declarations in Alameda County due to tsunami. The NCDC identifies 1 Tsunami event for Alameda County - March 11, 2011. ➢ The 2021 Alameda County LHMP reported that more than 71 tsunamis have been recorded in San Francisco Bay since 1854. Most of these tsunamis were generated by earthquakes in distant subduction zones near Russia, Japan, or Alaska. The worst tsunami to hit the Bay Area was generated in Alaska by a M 9.2 earthquake on March 27, 1964. This event produced a 2-foot runup in the nearby City of Alameda and a 4-foot runup in the City of Oakland. On March 11, 2011, a tsunami generated in Japan from the Fukushima earthquake resulted in a 2-foot runup in the nearby cities of Alameda and Berkeley. ➢ While life safety and property damage are a significant concern, other tsunami impacts are to natural resources (wetlands, endangered species, and habitat areas). ➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Occasional
➢ Vulnerability: Medium
➢ Priority Hazard
Wildfire
➢ Wildfires occur on an annual basis in the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ Any ignition has the potential to become an out of control wildfire. ➢ 1 state (1970) and 2 federal (1970 and 1991 (Tunnel Fire)) disaster declarations since 1950. 18 NCDC Events.
➢ Under normal conditions, most fires that start in the Tri-City Planning Area are efficiently controlled by firefighters with no loss of life or structures. A phenomenon known as “Diablo winds” can affect the severity of a wildfire. Red Flag days occur during conditions of low humidity, high temperatures, and hot, dry Diablo winds blowing in from the east and usually occur in the fall months. In recent years, these events are occurring more often.
➢ During the 75-year period between 1923 and 1998, 11 Diablo wind-driven fires in the Berkeley/Oakland hills burned a total of 9,840 acres, destroyed more than 4,000 homes, took 26 lives, and resulted in over $2 billion in financial losses. The most significant fire in this period was the October 20, 1991 Tunnel Fire in the Oakland-Berkeley hills. The fire resulted in 25 deaths, 150 injuries, Packet Page No. 1261
Tri-City C-13
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
and the displacement of over 10,000 persons. With destruction and damage to over 3,400 residential units, losses were in excess of $1.5 Billion in 1991 dollars. ➢ The threat of catastrophic wildfires under Diablo wind conditions presents significant risks to public health and safety, homes, and property along the wildland-urban interface (WUI). This risk increases with an increase in development along the WUI.
➢ Recent drought conditions have exacerbated the risk of major wildland/urban interface fires in or near the Tri-City Planning Area.
➢ Wildfire smoke from other areas outside the Planning Area have occurred numerous times in the past.

Though the fire itself may not affect the Tri-City, smoke and air quality effects have been felt and will continue to be an issue in the Planning Area.
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence: Highly Likely
➢ Vulnerability: Extremely High
➢ Priority Hazard
Packet Page No. 1262
Tri-City C-14
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Tri-City Priority Hazards (by Jurisdiction)
City of Fremont
Priority Hazards:
➢ Climate Change
➢ Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise
➢ Dam Failure
➢ Earthquake
➢ Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance
➢ Flood: Localized/Stormwater
➢ Landslide
➢ Levee Failure?
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze?
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Heat
➢ Severe Weather: Heavy Rains and Storms
(hail, lightning)
➢ Severe Weather: High Winds and
Tornadoes?
➢ Tsunami
➢ Wildfire
Non-Priority Hazards:
➢ Drought and Water Shortage
➢ Subsidence
➢
➢
➢
➢
City of Newark
Priority Hazards:
➢ Climate Change
➢ Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise
➢ Dam Failure
➢ Drought & Water Shortage
➢ Earthquake
➢ Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance
➢ Flood: Localized/Stormwater
➢ Landslide
➢ Levee Failure
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze?
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Heat
➢ Severe Weather: Heavy Rains and Storms
(hail, lightning)
➢ Severe Weather: High Winds and
Tornadoes?
➢ Tsunami
➢ Wildfire
Non-Priority Hazards:
➢ Subsidence
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
Packet Page No. 1263
Tri-City C-15
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
City of Union City
Priority Hazards:
➢ Climate Change
➢ Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise
➢ Dam Failure
➢ Drought & Water Shortage
➢ Earthquake
➢ Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance
➢ Flood: Localized/Stormwater
➢ Landslide
➢ Levee Failure
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze?
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Heat
➢ Severe Weather: Heavy Rains and Storms
(hail, lightning)
➢ Severe Weather: High Winds and
Tornadoes?
➢ Tsunami?
➢ Wildfire
Non-Priority Hazards:
➢ Subsidence
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
Alameda County Water District
Priority Hazards:
➢ Dam Failure
➢ Earthquake
➢ Severe Weather: Heavy Rains and Storms
(hail, lightning)
➢
➢
➢
Non-Priority Hazards:
➢ Climate Change
➢ Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise
➢ Drought & Water Shortage
➢ Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance
➢ Flood: Localized/Stormwater
➢ Landslide
➢ Levee Failure
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Heat
➢ Severe Weather: High Winds and
Tornadoes
➢ Subsidence
➢ Tsunami
➢ Wildfire
Packet Page No. 1264
Tri-City C-16
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Union Sanitary District
Priority Hazards:
➢ Climate Change
➢ Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise
➢ Dam Failure
➢ Drought & Water Shortage
➢ Earthquake
➢ Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance
➢ Flood: Localized/Stormwater
➢ Landslide
➢ Levee Failure?
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze?
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Heat
➢ Severe Weather: Heavy Rains and Storms
(hail, lightning)
➢ Severe Weather: High Winds and
Tornadoes?
➢ Subsidence
➢ Tsunami?
➢ Wildfire
Non-Priority Hazards:
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
➢
Packet Page No. 1265
Tri
-CityC-17
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Packet Page No. 1266
Tri-City C-18
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Strategy: Goals
The most important element of the LHMP is the resulting mitigation strategy which serves as the long-term blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation strategy is comprised of three components:

6. Mitigation Goals

7. Mitigation Actions

8. Mitigation Action (Implementation) Plan
Mitigation Goals
Up to now, the Planning Committee has been involved in collecting and providing data for the Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. From this information, a Risk Assessment has been developed that describes the risk and vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area to identified hazards and includes an assessment of the area’s current capabilities for countering these threats through existing policies, regulations, programs, and projects.

This analysis identifies areas where improvements could or should be made. Formulating Goals will lead to incorporating these improvements into the Mitigation Strategy portion of the LHMP. Our planning goals should provide direction for what risk reduction activities can be undertaken to make the Tri-City Planning Area more disaster resistant.

Mitigation Goals are general guidelines that represent the community’s vision for reducing or avoiding losses from identified hazards. Goals are stated without regard for achievement, that is, implementation, cost, schedule, and means are not considered.

Goals are public policy statements that:
➢ Represent basic desires of the jurisdiction;
➢ Encompass all aspects of planning area, public and private; ➢ Are nonspecific, in that they refer to the quality (not the quantity) of the outcome; ➢ Are future-oriented, in that they are achievable in the future; and ➢ Are time-independent, in that they are not scheduled events. ❖ While goals are not specific (quantitative), they should not be so general as to be meaningless or unachievable.
❖ Goal statements may form the basis for objectives. They should be stated in such a way as to develop one or more objectives related to each goal.
❖ The key point in writing goals is to remember that they must deal with results, not the activities that produce those results.
❖ Consider other planning area goals from other regional/county/city programs, plans and priorities.

Packet Page No. 1267
Tri-City C-19
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Types/Sources of other area mitigation plans/ programs include:
➢ General Plans
➢ Master Plans
➢ Stormwater Program and Plans
➢ Flood/Watershed Management Plans and Studies
➢ Drought Plans, Urban/Integrated Regional Water Management Plans ➢ Community Wildfire Protection Plans
➢ Strategic Fire Plans
➢ Dam Emergency Action Plans
➢ Emergency Operations Plans
➢ Climate Plans
➢ Others?
2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan Goals

1. Significantly reduce life loss and injuries.

2. Minimize damage to structures and property, as well as minimizing interruption of essential services and activities.

3. Protect the environment.

4. Promote community resilience through integration of hazard mitigation with public policy and standard business practices.

Packet Page No. 1268
Tri-City C-20
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
2023 (Draft) State Hazard Mitigation Plan Goals
GOAL 1—Significantly reduce risk to life, community lifelines, the environment, property, and infrastructure by planning and implementing whole-community risk reduction and resilience strategies.

GOAL 2—Build capacity and capabilities to increase disaster resilience among historically underserved populations, individuals with access and functional needs, and communities disproportionately impacted by disasters and climate change.

GOAL 3—Incorporate equity metrics, tools, and strategies into all mitigation planning, policy, funding, outreach, and implementation efforts.

GOAL 4—Apply the best available science and authoritative data to design, implement, and prioritize projects that enhance resilience to natural hazards and climate change impacts.

GOAL 5—Integrate mitigation principles into laws, regulations, policies, and guidance to support equitable outcomes to benefit the whole community.

GOAL 6— Significantly reduce barriers to timely, efficient, and effective hazard mitigation planning and action.

Tri-City Goals from Previous LHMPs (This is what we are updating) City of Fremont 2016 LHMP
The goal of the LHMP is to maintain and enhance a disaster-resistant City by reducing the potential for loss of life, property damage, and environmental degradation from natural disasters, while accelerating economic recovery from those disasters. This goal is unchanged from the 2005 and 2012 plan and continues to be the goal of the City of Fremont.

City of Newark, Union City, USD (and old ACWD) 2017 LHMP

1. Protect the public's health and safety and minimize the damage to essential services, structures, property, and infrastructure as a result of hazards.

2. Promote hazard mitigation as an integrated public policy and as a standard business practice.

3. Encourage the development and implementation of long-term, cost effective, and environmentally sound mitigation projects.

4. Build and support local capacity to enable the public to prepare, respond, and recover from the impact of natural hazards.

5. Provide increased safety through the provision of adequate infrastructure, public education, and outreach programs.

Packet Page No. 1269
Tri-City C-21
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024

6. Incorporate elements of hazard mitigation into cross functional planning and regulatory initiatives.

7. Retrofit, purchase, or relocate structures in high hazard areas, especially those known to be repetitively damaged.

ACWD 2022 LHMP

1. Protect the public’s health and safety and minimize damage to essential services, structures, property, and infrastructure as a result of hazards.

2. Promote hazard mitigation as an integrated public policy and as a standard business practice.

3. Encourage the development and implementation of long-term, cost effective, and environmentally sound mitigation projects.

4. Build and support local capacity to enable the public to prepare, respond, and recover from the impact of natural hazards.

5. Provide increased safety through the provision of adequate infrastructure, public education, and outreach programs.

6. Incorporate elements of ACWD specific hazard mitigation into regional planning and regulatory initiatives.

7. Continuously monitor the functions of ACWD infrastructure in high hazard areas, especially those known to be in areas of potential damage from identified events.

Other Example Goal Statements
➢ Minimize risk and vulnerability from natural hazards
➢ Increase communities’ awareness of vulnerability to hazards ➢ Increase the use of shared resources
➢ Improve communities’ capabilities to mitigate losses
➢ Maintain coordination of disaster plans with changing DHS/FEMA needs ➢ Maintain FEMA eligibility/position jurisdictions for grant funding ➢ Maintain/enhance the flood mitigation program to provide 200/500-year flood protection ➢ Maintain current service levels
➢ Provide protection for existing buildings from hazards ➢ Provide protection for future development from hazards ➢ Provide protection for natural and cultural resources from hazard impacts ➢ Provide protection for people’s lives from hazards
➢ Provide protection for public health
➢ Provide protection for critical services (fire, police, etc.) from hazard impacts ➢ Provide protection for critical lifeline utilities from hazard impacts ➢ Reduce exposure to hazard related losses
➢ Reduce the number of emergency incidents
➢ Make better use of technology
Packet Page No. 1270
Tri-City C-22
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
General Recommendation for Categories of Goals
➢ Reduce Losses/Protection of Life, Property, Public Health, and the Environment from all Hazards ➢ Reduce Losses/Protection of Critical Facilities and Infrastructure from all Hazards ➢ Public Education
➢ Increase County Capabilities to all Hazards
➢ Any Hazard-specific goals
➢ Integrate strategies for the protection of underserved and vulnerable populations Packet Page No. 1271
Tri-City C-23
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Goals Development
The purpose of goal’s development is to reach a consensus on goals for the Tri-City 2024 LHMP. Provided above are example goals for this LHMP. You may reword those above or develop your own goals.

These goal statements should serve as examples. It is vital that our Planning Committee establish its own goals.

You will each be given 3 sticky notes. On each note you will write what you think the goals for this TriCity LHMP should be. Use one sticky note for each goal.

When done, we will:
➢ Pin/tape them to the wall/easel-chart and arrange them by category ➢ Combine and reword them into 3-5 goals for the plan and send them out to the Planning Committee for further review and refinement.

Packet Page No. 1272
Tri-City C-24
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Strategy Meetings
September 19 & 20, 2023
Day 2
Packet Page No. 1273
Tri-City C-25
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Strategy Action Development: Ground Rules
Rule 1: Each Participating Jurisdiction MUST have a Mitigation Action/Project to address each of their Priority Hazards (those rated as a high or medium significance in their Hazard Identification table).

Rule 2: Every Mitigation Action/Project MUST be supported by Risk Assessment Data contained within Chap 4 of the Base Plan and/or within jurisdictional annexes. Note: this might necessitate backfilling the hazard risk assessment data.

Rule 3: The Mitigation Actions/Projects for this 2024 LHMP should reflect each Participating Jurisdictions’ WISH LIST for mitigation, regardless of funding source.

Rule 4: Any Mitigation Action/Project that might be considered for FEMA mitigation grant funding over the next 5-years covered by this LHMP MUST be included in this 2024 LHMP.

Rule 5: While the updated Mitigation Strategy should include all potential Mitigation Actions/Projects for each Participating Jurisdiction (regardless of funding source), keep in mind that no jurisdiction is obligated to implement ANY of the identified Mitigation Actions/Projects – all are always subject to funding and changing priorities.

Rule 6: Each Mitigation Action/Project to be included in this LHMP MUST have a Mitigation Action Worksheet completed by the owning Department or Agency. This applies to Mitigation Actions/Projects being carried forward from each Jurisdictions’ previous LHMPs.

Rule 7: Each Participating Jurisdiction CAN LATER include Mitigation Actions/Projects that might not get identified during this Mitigation Action/Project Prioritization process – the key is to complete a Mitigation Action Worksheet for any project to be included in the LHMP prior to submittal to Cal OES/FEMA.

REMEMBER: Having a FEMA approved LHMP for your Jurisdiction is a prerequisite for being eligible to apply for FEMA pre and post mitigation funding.

Packet Page No. 1274
Tri-City C-26
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Strategy: Actions
Mitigation Actions are specific projects and activities that help achieve the goals and accomplish risk reduction in the community.

Categories of Mitigation Actions
PREVENTION: Preventive measures are designed to keep the problem from occurring or getting worse.

Their objective is to ensure that future development is not exposed to damage and does not increase damage to other properties.
➢ Planning
➢ Zoning
➢ Open Space Preservation
➢ Land Development Regulations
✓ Subdivision regulations
✓ Building Codes
• Fire-Wise Construction
✓ Floodplain development regulations
✓ Geologic Hazard Areas development regulations (for roads too!) ➢ Storm Water Management
➢ Fuels Management, Fire-Breaks
EMERGENCY SERVICES: protect people during and after a disaster. A good emergency services program addresses all hazards. Measures include:
➢ Warning (flooding, tornadoes, winter storms, geologic hazards, fire) ✓ NOAA Weather Radio
✓ Sirens
✓ “Reverse 911” (Emergency Notification System)
➢ Emergency Response
✓ Evacuation & Sheltering
✓ Communications
✓ Backup power supply/generators
✓ Emergency Planning
• Activating the EOC (emergency management)
• Closing streets or bridges (police or public works)
• Shutting off power to threatened areas (utility company) • Holding/releasing children at school (school district) • Ordering an evacuation (mayor)
• Opening emergency shelters (Red Cross)
• Monitoring water levels (engineering)
• Security and other protection measures (police)
➢ Critical Facilities Protection (Buildings or locations vital to the response and recovery effort, such as police/fire stations, hospitals, sewage treatment plants/lift stations, power substations) Packet Page No. 1275
Tri-City C-27
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
✓ Buildings or locations that, if damaged, would create secondary disasters, such as hazardous materials facilities and nursing homes
✓ Lifeline Utilities Protection
➢ Post-Disaster Mitigation
➢ Building Inspections
✓ ID mitigation opportunities & funding before reconstruction PROPERTY PROTECTION: Property protection measures are used to modify buildings subject to damage rather than to keep the hazard away. A community may find these to be inexpensive measures because often they are implemented by or cost-shared with property owners. Many of the measures do not affect the appearance or use of a building, which makes them particularly appropriate for historical sites and landmarks.
➢ Retrofitting/disaster proofing
✓ Floods
• Wet/Dry floodproofing (barriers, shields, backflow valves) • Relocation/Elevation
• Acquisition
• Retrofitting
✓ High Winds/Tornadoes
• Safe Rooms
• Securing roofs and foundations with fasteners and tie-downs • Strengthening garage doors and other large openings
✓ Winter Storms
• Immediate snow/ice removal from roofs, tree limbs
• “Living” snow fences
✓ Geologic Hazards (Landslides, earthquakes, sinkholes) • Anchoring, bracing, shear walls
• Dewatering sites, agricultural practices
• Catch basins
✓ Drought
• Improve water supply (transport/storage/conservation) • Remove moisture competitive plants (Tamarisk/Salt Cedar) • Water Restrictions/Water Saver Sprinklers/Appliances
• Grazing on CRP lands (no overgrazing-see Noxious Weeds) • Create incentives to consolidate/connect water services • Recycled wastewater on golf courses
✓ Wildfire, Grassfires
• Replacing building components with fireproof materials • Roofing, screening
• Create “Defensible Space”
• Installing spark arrestors
• Fuels Modification
Packet Page No. 1276
Tri-City C-28
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
✓ Noxious Weeds/Insects
• Mowing
• Spraying
• Replacement planting
• Stop overgrazing
• Introduce natural predators
➢ Insurance
NATURAL RESOURCE PROTECTION: Natural resource protection activities are generally aimed at preserving (or in some cases restoring) natural areas. In so doing, these activities enable the natural beneficial functions of floodplains and watersheds to be better realized. These natural and beneficial floodplain functions include the following:
➢ storage of floodwaters
➢ absorption of flood energy
➢ reduction in flood scour
➢ infiltration that absorbs overland flood flow
➢ groundwater recharge
➢ removal/filtering of excess nutrients, pollutants, and sediments from floodwaters ➢ habitat for flora and fauna
➢ recreational and aesthetic opportunities
Methods of protecting natural resources include:
➢ Wetlands Protection
➢ Riparian Area/Habitat Protection/Threatened-Endangered Species ➢ Erosion & Sediment Control
➢ Best Management Practices
Best management practices (“BMPs”) are measures that reduce nonpoint source pollutants that enter the waterways. Nonpoint source pollutants come from non-specific locations. Examples of nonpoint source pollutants are lawn fertilizers, pesticides, and other farm chemicals, animal wastes, oils from street surfaces and industrial areas and sediment from agriculture, construction, mining and forestry. These pollutants are washed off the ground’s surface by stormwater and flushed into receiving storm sewers, ditches and streams. BMPs can be implemented during construction and as part of a project’s design to permanently address nonpoint source pollutants. There are three general categories of BMPs:

9. Avoidance: setting construction projects back from the stream.

10. Reduction: Preventing runoff that conveys sediment and other water-borne pollutants, such as planting proper vegetation and conservation tillage.

11. Cleanse: Stopping pollutants after they are en route to a stream, such as using grass drainageways that filter the water and retention and detention basins that let pollutants settle to the bottom before they are drained:
➢ Dumping Regulations
➢ Set-back regulations/buffers
Packet Page No. 1277
Tri-City C-29
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ Fuels Management
➢ Water Use Restrictions
➢ Landscape Management
➢ Weather Modification
STRUCTURAL: Projects that have traditionally been used by communities to control flows and water surface elevations. Structural projects keep flood waters away from an area. They are usually designed by engineers and managed or maintained by public works staff. These measures are popular with many because they “stop” flooding problems. However, structural projects have several important shortcomings that need to be kept in mind when considering them for flood hazard mitigation:
➢ They are expensive, sometimes requiring capital bond issues and/or cost sharing with Federal agencies, such as the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or the Natural Resources Conservation Service. ➢ They disturb the land and disrupt natural water flows, often destroying habitats or requiring Environmental Assessments.
➢ They are built to a certain flood protection level that can be exceeded by a larger flood, causing extensive damage.
➢ They can create a false sense of security when people protected by a structure believe that no flood can ever reach them.
➢ They require regular maintenance to ensure that they continue to provide their design protection level.

Structural measures include:
➢ Detention/Retention structures
➢ Erosion and Sediment Control
➢ Basins/Low-head Weirs
➢ Channel Modifications
➢ Culvert resizing/replacement/Maintenance
➢ Levees and Floodwalls
➢ Anchoring, grading, debris basins (for landslides)
➢ Fencing (for snow, sand, wind)
➢ Drainage System Maintenance
➢ Reservoirs (for flood control, water storage, recreation, agriculture) ➢ Diversions
➢ Storm Sewers
PUBLIC INFORMATION: A successful hazard mitigation program involves both the public and private sectors. Public information activities advise property owners, renters, businesses, and local officials about hazards and ways to protect people and property from these hazards. These activities can motivate people to take protection:
➢ Hazard Maps and Data
➢ Outreach Projects (mailings, media, web, speakers, displays) ➢ Library Resources
➢ Real Estate Disclosure
➢ Environmental Education
Packet Page No. 1278
Tri-City C-30
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Actions/Projects from previous LHMPs (This is what we are updating) Mitigation Action
(2016/2017/2022 LHMPs) Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in
LHMP
Update
2016 City of Fremont Mitigation Actions
Perform appropriate seismic and fire safety analysis based on current and future use for all City-owned facilities and structures.

Strengthen, rehabilitate or replace City facilities and structures, based on the seismic and fire safety analysis, as funding is available.

Conduct ongoing training for first responders and City personnel to ensure they have the necessary training and equipment to deal with a hazard (including natural and man-made disasters).

Reduce seismic and fire risk in existing development through building and fire code updates and enforcement.

Explore local legislation to regulate the storage of hazardous materials to be protected from flood zones, rising sea levels and tsunami inundation areas.

Coordinate disaster preparation and mitigation practices with private sector, public institutions and other public bodies.

Protect vulnerable water facilities to ensure an adequate water supply during emergencies and disaster recovery.

Protect vulnerable electric systems and facilities and build resiliency so disruption to the system is minimized during and following disasters.

Ensure adequate redundancy and fuel is available to maintain critical facilities.

Improve the disaster-resistance of the natural gas delivery system to increase public safety and to minimize damage and service disruption following a disaster.

Protect vulnerable wastewater facilities to ensure wastewater is treated during emergencies and disaster recovery.

Perform hazard vulnerability analysis for solid waste management facilities utilized by the City.

Integrate Climate Action Plan goals and actions with the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan goals and actions, if determined feasible.

Integrate climate change research and adaptation planning into City operations and services.

Rehabilitate the City’s storm water system to reduce local flooding of nearby streets, utilities and buildings, caused by storm drainage during storms, high tides, sea level rise, seismic events and power outages.

Streamline the permitting process to rebuild residential and commercial structures following disasters.

Provide outreach activities related to hazard mitigation and disaster preparedness.

Reduce hazard vulnerabilities for non-City-owned buildings throughout Fremont.

Packet Page No. 1279
Tri-City C-31
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action
(2016/2017/2022 LHMPs) Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in
LHMP
Update
Utilize vegetation management to reduce risks in existing development The City’s Soft-Story Residential Building Program, Existing Tilt-Up Concrete and Reinforced Masonry Buildings Programs were to be completed by 2008. All known buildings have been retrofitted and removed from the list of buildings out of compliance. If additional buildings are found to be out of compliance, the City will continue to implement the programs.

Continue the City’s participation in the National Flood Insurance Program.

Establish cooling centers and encourage landscaping improvements to reduce Fremont resident’s vulnerability to extreme heat events, severe storms, and associated hazards.

Collaborate with ACWD, local, state, regional and federal partners to increase the security of Fremont’s water supply from climate change impacts.

Mitigate the impacts of sea level rise in Fremont, by making shoreline and Bay lands facilities more resilient to earthquake, storm and high water elevation hazards in order to maintain functionality and protect inland facilities. Define any associated tsunami hazards and mitigation. 2017 City of Newark Actions
Where appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase, or relocation of structures in hazard-prone areas to prevent future structure damage. Give priority to properties with exposure to repetitive losses.

Continue to support the Planning Area-wide actions identified in this plan.

Actively participate in the plan maintenance strategy identified in this plan.

Consider participation in incentive-based programs such as the Community Rating System, Tree City, and StormReady.

Maintain good standing under the National Flood Insurance Program by implementing programs that meet or exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. Such programs include enforcing an adopted flood damage prevention ordinance, participating in floodplain mapping updates, and providing public assistance and information on floodplain requirements and impacts.

Integrate the HMP into other plans, programs, or resources that dictate land use or redevelopment.

Adopt the 2016 California Building Code.

Update the city zoning code, including considerations for hazard mitigation.

Include elements of the HMP to inform future updates to the Newark Climate Action Plan.

Packet Page No. 1280
Tri-City C-32
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action
(2016/2017/2022 LHMPs) Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in
LHMP
Update
Complete Railroad overcrossing at Central Avenue to prevent isolation during seismic event.

Replace Eucalyptus groves with non-hazardous tree species.

Conduct storm drainage improvements along Lindsay Tract Street Retrofit police administration building to essential services/critical facility standards.

Retrofit Administration Building and Library to current seismic standards.

Relocate current Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and update critical EOC equipment.

Develop a comprehensive post disaster recovery plan.

Develop a comprehensive Continuity of Operations (COOP) Plan for Administration and templates for individual department COOP development.

Retrofit and update the Fire Station Training Facility (Station 27).

Develop a jurisdiction-wide tree inventory and long-term tree management plan including an outreach initiative encouraging Newark residents to conduct tree maintenance on private property.

Developed a phased approach to citywide tree inspection and pruning.

Develop a comprehensive public outreach campaign that informs residents of pipeline risks in the community and provides safety information on how to identify potential pipeline failure hazards. 2017 Union City Mitigation Actions
Where appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase, or relocation of structures in hazard-prone areas to prevent future structure damage. Give priority to properties with exposure to repetitive losses.

Continue to support the Planning Area-wide actions identified in this plan.

Actively participate in the plan maintenance strategy identified in this plan.

Consider participation in incentive-based programs such as the Community Rating System, Tree City, and StormReady.

Integrate the hazard mitigation plan into other plans, programs, or resources that dictate land use or redevelopment
Seek City Council approval and funding for a full-time Emergency Manager job classification.

Update the citywide Continuity of Operations/Continuity of Government (COO/COG) Plan from the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP), and implement required COO/COG actions.

Packet Page No. 1281
Tri-City C-33
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action
(2016/2017/2022 LHMPs) Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in
LHMP
Update
Based on EOC staffing capabilities assessment, ensure that mandated training is provided to all employees in SEMS, FEMA ICS-100, ICS-200, IS-700, and IS-800; and ensure that employee training records are securely maintained.

Based on EOC staffing capabilities assessment, ensure that mandated training is provided to employees who require advanced knowledge and application of the ICS, such as primary and alternate EOC Section Chiefs and senior field personnel, to include at least ICS-300, ICS-400, and the FEMA Professional Development Series; and ensure that employee training records are securely maintained.

Based on EOC staffing capabilities assessment, ensure that all Police Department staff who may be assigned the role of incident commander at an emergency/disaster scene have received Incident Commander training; and ensure that employee training records are securely maintained.

Monitor local availability of upcoming training opportunities for city staff regarding incident staffing, disaster response, and recovery.

Conduct EOC tabletop exercise(s) to evaluate capabilities and train employees in their assigned EOC role(s).

Develop and exercise a Disaster Debris Management Plan.

Enhance public education and awareness of natural and manmade hazards in the community and public understanding of disaster preparedness, including foreign language translations.

Ensure all property address signage meets current Building and Fire Code standards.

Develop improved capabilities to incorporate GIS technology by all departments into services provided to the public and for use during emergency/disaster incidents.

Conduct a test of emergency communications and information systems interoperability, to establish baseline capabilities for employee call-back, communications between the EOC and incident command, and communications with the Operational Area and Mutual Aid resources.

Implement Fire Department field inspection system using portable computers for engine company inspections and Fire Prevention inspections, to integrate inspections, re-inspections, invoicing, permits, CUPA and business license data.

Review, revise, and update the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) – ACFD contract requirement
Conduct a gap analysis of the Union City Emergency/Disaster preparedness and response program, to include a comprehensive review of employee training requirements and needs, plans and procedures, EOC equipment and staffing capabilities, and related analyses.

Conduct a seismic and functional assessment of the CERT trailer behind Fire Station #31, for use as the designated Alternate EOC site.

Train appropriate staff in FEMA’s Hazards-US GIS extension and Benefit/Cost Analysis Tool for use in potential grant applications and post-disaster property assessments.

Packet Page No. 1282
Tri-City C-34
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action
(2016/2017/2022 LHMPs) Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in
LHMP
Update
Acquire handheld GPS trackers to develop an urban tree inventory for monitoring the health of trees and identifying potentially dangerous dead or dying trees.

Develop a long-term urban forest management plan to address adverse future impacts on the City’s natural resources.

Develop and maintain a landscape design manual to provide general guidance and education to the public on water efficiency in landscaping and to serve as a resource for water efficient landscape design and installation, including lists of recommended site appropriate native and drought-tolerant plant species.

Integrate climate change and natural hazards planning in to current city plan revisions and future planning initiatives.

Work with ACWD to design and install seismically resilient backbone pipeline through liquefiable soils in Union City
Acquire emergency generators for the City’s critical facilities, specifically Fire Station 31, the Senior Center, and Corporation Yard.

Conduct a comprehensive structural seismic analysis of the City’s facilities.

Establish a Broadband-WiFi10g network in the Station District.

Establish a Broadband-WiFi10g network backbone infrastructure along major thoroughfares throughout the City.

Conduct a Feasibly Study to review necessary improvements required to make Mark Green Sports Center a base camp for recovering families after crisis
Conduct a Feasibility Study to identify temporary morgue facilities.

Conduct a Feasibility Study to review the highway overpass bridge of Alvarado Niles Road over I-880 , for any seismic upgrades Coordinate with the city of Hayward to conduct a Feasibility Study to review any seismic upgrades for the I-880 overpass over Whipple Road Construct grade separations on the Niles Subdivision and the Oakland Subdivision in the Decoto neighborhood, and on the Coast Subdivision on Union City Boulevard, Smith Street, Dyer Street, and Alvarado Boulevard.

Acquire two Mobile Emergency Operations Centers
Acquire two 4-wheel drive emergency response vehicles capable of supporting emergency/disaster workers with enhanced safety when traveling into and out of disaster zones or dangerous locations.

Acquire four radio charging stations for spare radios.

Acquire two Mobile Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Base Units to communicate with deployed field radios.

Acquire 100 portable beds/cots for use to support sheltering/mass care operations during a disaster.

Acquire four satellite phone.

Acquire two rescue boats
Packet Page No. 1283
Tri-City C-35
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action
(2016/2017/2022 LHMPs) Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in
LHMP
Update
Establish redundant, offsite copies of crucial information and all City data to be able to maintain basic network functions.

Establish a fully redundant data center with no outage if the main building fails.

Acquire offsite battery backups to carry energy load until generators start.

Develop unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capability for hazard mitigation surveys and post-disaster damage assessments; and develop policies, procedures and staff training guidelines for UAV use.

Develop multi-cultural training presentations and handouts in multiple languages, to expand participation in the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program.

Establish a central paging system for all City locations to be expanded for SMS/cell phone alerts during major disasters.

Establish a high speed link from all City facilities back to City Hall Establish a second location in the City to provide internet/email/external connections, as a backup to the existing City Hall systems that perform this function.

Establish a portable unit or fixed location for use as a community preparedness training site, volunteer coordination point, and disaster first responder work station center with access to the City’s computer network, to supplement the Emergency Operations Center.

Expansion of central lock system to all off sites and all doors. 2022 Alameda County Water District Actions
Develop and maintain an asset management program that tracks natural hazard events that impact the District and captures damages to District assets, service disruption and other perishable data (e.g., high water marks, preliminary damage estimates, damage photos) to support future mitigation efforts including the implementation and maintenance of the HMP). If feasible, review historic incident reports and jobs for information related to past hazard events.

Reevaluate standby generator needs and purchase and install as needed, such as at the desalinization plant and aquifer reclamation production wells.

Design and install a seismically resilient backbone pipeline through liquefiable soils, primarily in Union City.

Install emergency isolation valves into the distribution system with remote operation capability, as appropriate.

Retrofit and/or update District tanks and reservoirs to improve seismic resilience, including reservoir roof at the following: Alameda, Decoto, Middlefield, and Patterson.

Consider the purchase and installation of fuel cells as alternative emergency power backup systems at Newark Desalination Facility and the Blending Facility.

Packet Page No. 1284
Tri-City C-36
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action
(2016/2017/2022 LHMPs) Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in
LHMP
Update
Conduct channel betterments on the Vallecitos Channel or install a pipeline adjacent to the channel to increase reliability of flows to facilitate groundwater recharge.

Repair diversion capability through the Kaiser embankment to ensure post disaster groundwater recharge capabilities and to protect the natural and beneficial functions of the Kaiser Ponds.

As needed, review, update and enhance intertie agreements with the City of Hayward and the City of Milpitas.

Consider identifying a sister jurisdiction and develop a protocol for exchanging post event Shakecast information.

Study water supply reliability alternatives including recycled water, and Lake Del Valle and Los Vaqueros reservoir storage expansion projects to improve water supply capabilities from catastrophic losses of supply.

Continue to participate in local emergency response trainings and exercises.

Ensure appropriate staff is trained to support District functions when the Emergency Operations Center is activated.

Continue to integrate the capital improvement program with the HMP.

Continue to prioritize and implement distribution system replacements and improvements to identified critical consumers and/or vulnerable areas.

Where appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase or relocation of structures located in high hazard areas and prioritize those structures that have experienced repetitive losses.

Actively participate in the plan maintenance protocols outlined in Volume I of the HMP
Continue implementing a comprehensive demand management program.

Continue existing vegetation management program to minimize risk of wildfire and landslides.

Consider a post-disaster recovery plan and coordinate with Tri Cities on their debris management plans.

Review the City of Fremont’s HMP and coordinate with Fremont’s Emergency Planner to further develop HMP.

Installing a second Deep Aquifer water well at the Mowry Wellfield which is not known to be impacted by PFAS and will prove to be beneficial for long term water supply reliability. As a portion of the groundwater supply is utilized by ACWD as dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve, it’s use is being limited by the detection of PFAS. A second well, will make a portion of the dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve available again, thereby alleviating impacts.

Packet Page No. 1285
Tri-City C-37
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action
(2016/2017/2022 LHMPs) Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in
LHMP
Update
Construct a system to treat 6 MGD of well water at the blending facility for PFAS and increase the amount of water the facility can provide to our customers while maintaining PFAS levels below the Notification Levels.

As a portion of the groundwater supply is utilized by ACWD as dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve, it’s use is being limited by the detection of PFAS. Treatment will make the dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve available again, thereby alleviating impacts.

Complete a redesign of blending facility to allow low production and neat chemical feed.

Evaluation and preliminary design of an intertie with San Francisco InterBay Pipeline 1, 2 and/or 5.

Complete desalinization facility reliability enhancements as indicated in the Integrated Resources Plan.
2017 Union Sanitary District Mitigation Actions
Build a new facilities maintenance shop – facility will meet seismic standards and built on a raised foundation to accommodate hazards of sea level rise and flooding
Equalization Storage Basin at Alvarado. Basin will temporarily hold waste water if discharge through the East Bay Dischargers Authority (EBDA) system is interrupted. This prevents discharge of treated waste into Alameda Creek.

Build Digester No. 7. With decreased liquid flow and increased solids management, increased digester operations are required to properly treat solid waste which will also generate additional bio-gas for co-generation of electricity.

Rebuild East Aeration Tank Roof – The tank concrete roof has been identified as seismically unstable and has a weakened load capacity. Loss of this structure reduces our treatment capacity by 20%.

Seismic upgrade of Primary Clarifier 1-4 - The roof structure over the clarifiers has been identified as seismically unstable. Loss of this structure would reduce our treatment capacity by approximately 85 percent.

Upgrade Standby Power Generation System - Replace the current 6 standby diesel generators for the treatment plant with newer more reliable generators that produce fewer emissions.

Emergency back-up data communications – provide redundant data communications for monitoring and operation of USD wastewater pumping and treatment equipment at the treatment plant and pump stations.

Integrate the HMP into other plans and programs (e.g. CIP, District-Wide Master Plan)
Develop and implement a program and process to capture historical and perishable data after any event to support future mitigation efforts.

Participate in the HMP maintenance and updating outlined in Volume I of this HMP.

Improve Public Information and Public Outreach to include Hazard Mitigation Programs. Includes newsletter and educational video.

Packet Page No. 1286
Tri-City C-38
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action
(2016/2017/2022 LHMPs) Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in
LHMP
Update
Seismic Retrofit of Concrete Structures - This is an ongoing project of improving concrete structures as we have other repairs or improvements of the structure. Planned actions and estimates are from our documented seismic assessments
Newark Pump Station Emergency Outfall – Establish an outfall from the Newark pump station to the SF bay. This will allow discharge of wastewater if the forcemain to the treatment plant is damaged or the treatment plant is damaged and prevent wastewater backup into communities and wetland areas causing a public health concern.

Forcemain Alameda creek crossing ground stabilization – The soil around the forcemain near Alameda creek has been identified as very unstable.

This will stabilize the soil and forcemain pipeline to prevent sewage leakage into Alameda creek and the wetland areas
Forcemain lining – Forcemain is constructed of segmented concrete pipe.

This project will line the pipeline to prevent leakage at joints if the pipeline moves or settles. Much of this pipeline is within protected wetland areas.

Admin Seismic Upgrade – This building was identified to be critical to life safety and restoring basic service. The building has seismic deficiencies and is vulnerable to damage from a seismic event.

Control Building Seismic Upgrade - This building was identified to be critical to life safety and restoring basic service. The building has seismic deficiencies and is vulnerable to damage from a seismic event.

Field Ops Building Seismic Upgrade – This building was identified to be critical to life safety and restoring basic service. The building has seismic deficiencies and is vulnerable to damage from a seismic event.

Packet Page No. 1287
Tri-City C-39
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Strategy: Action (Implementation) Plan
The mitigation action plan describes how the mitigation actions will be implemented, including how those actions will be prioritized, administered, and incorporated into the community’s existing planning mechanism. Each participating jurisdiction must have a mitigation action(s) and an action plan specific to that jurisdiction and its priority hazards and vulnerabilities.

Mitigation Criteria
For use in selecting and prioritizing Proposed Mitigation Measures

1. STAPLEE
Social: Does the measure treat people fairly? (different groups, different generations) ➢ Community Acceptance
➢ Effect on Segment of Population
➢ Social Benefits
Technical: Will it work? (Does it solve the problem? Is it feasible?) ➢ Technical Feasibility
➢ Reduce Community Risk
➢ Long Term Solution/Sustainable
➢ Secondary Impacts
Administrative: Do you have the capacity to implement & manage project? ➢ Staffing
➢ Funding Allocated
➢ Maintenance/Operations
Political: Who are the stakeholders? Did they get to participate? Is there public support? Is political leadership willing to support?
➢ Political Support
➢ Local Champion
➢ Public Support
➢ Achieves Multiple Objectives
➢ Supported by a broad array of Stakeholders
Legal: Does your organization have the authority to implement? Is it legal? Are there liability implications?
➢ Existing Local Authority
➢ State Authority
➢ Potential Legal Challenges
Packet Page No. 1288
Tri-City C-40
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Economic: Is it cost-beneficial? Is there funding? Does it contribute to the local economy or economic development?
➢ Benefit of Action
➢ Cost of Action
➢ Cost Effective/Economic Benefits
➢ Economically Viable
➢ Outside Funding Required
Environmental: Does it comply with Environmental regulations? ➢ Effect on Land/Water
➢ Effect on Endangered Species
➢ Effect on Cultural Resources
➢ Effect on Hazmat sites
➢ Consistent with Community Environmental Goals
➢ Consistent with Environmental Laws
➢ Environmental Benefits

2. SUSTAINABLE DISASTER RECOVERY
➢ Quality of Life
➢ Social Equity
➢ Hazard Mitigation
➢ Economic Development
➢ Environmental Protection/Enhancement
➢ Community Participation

3. SMART GROWTH PRINCIPLES
➢ Infill versus Sprawl
➢ Efficient Use of Land Resources
➢ Full Use of Urban Resources
➢ Mixed Uses of Land
➢ Transportation Options
➢ Detailed, Human-Scale Design

4. OTHER
➢ Does measure address area with highest risk?
➢ Does measure protect …
✓ The largest # of people exposed to risk?
✓ The largest # of buildings?
✓ The largest # of jobs?
✓ The largest tax income?
✓ The largest average annual loss potential?
✓ The area impacted most frequently?
Packet Page No. 1289
Tri-City C-41
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
✓ Critical Infrastructure (access, power, water, gas, telecommunications) ➢ Timing of Available funding
➢ Visibility of Project
➢ Community Credibility
Packet Page No. 1290
Tri-City C-42
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action Prioritization Instructions
The committee’s brainstormed list of mitigation actions and projects are organized by hazard and posted on flip-chart paper around the room.

You each have 3 sets of colored dots:
➢ 3 red dots
➢ 3 blue dots
➢ 3 green dots
The red dots are for high priority (5 points each)
The blue dots are for medium priority (3 points each)
The green dots are for low priority (1 point each)
Place your dots on any mitigation action/project, using the different colors to indicate your priority. You may use as many of your dots, of any color, on any mitigation action/project --- or you may spread them out using as few of your dots as you wish. The scored dots will indicate the consensus of the Planning Committee.

Use the list of mitigation selection criteria (above) to help you make your determinations.

Your votes will indicate the consensus of the team.

After the totals are counted, we will discuss them further to confirm or modify any of the results as necessary to best meet the goals of this LHMP.

Packet Page No. 1291
Tri-City C-43
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Tri-City
Mitigation Action Worksheet
Jurisdiction:

Mitigation
Action/Project
Title:

Hazards Addressed:

Issue/Background:

Project Description:

Other Alternatives:

Existing Planning
Mechanism(s)
through which
Action will be
implemented:

Responsible
Office/Partners:

Cost Estimate:

Benefits (Losses
Avoided):

Potential Funding:

Timeline:

Project Priority
(H, M, L):

Worksheet
completed by:

Name and Title:

Phone:

Packet Page No. 1292
Tri-City C-44
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Tri-City LHMP Update Mitigation Strategy Meetings – Action Prioritization Actions sorted by Vote Hazard
Agency/
Department Mitigation Action Title
Hazards
Addressed
Votes
(Points)*
Projects identified during Mitigation Strategy Meeting
All Enhance Public Education and Outreach program for all hazards (priority and non-priority
Multi-Hazard 8
Fremont
lead / All
Enhance GIS clearinghouse/portal – Southern Alameda County GIS Authority mapping consortium (Union City to rejoin) Multi-Hazard 72
Cities Update severe weather response plans / EOP annexes Multi-Hazard 0 All Communication upgrades
-systems, equipment, etc. to communicate during and post disaster (alternative to cell communication)
Multi-Hazard
(earthquake)
32 All Acquire satellite coms to ensure communications post disaster Multi-Hazard 11 All EOC relocations and/or retrofits (EQ safe) Multi-Hazard 23 All Establish / update backup power to critical facilities and infrastructure
Multi-Hazard 46
Establish / update backup power to emergency shelter locations Multi-Hazard 22 Secure mobile back up power sources Multi-Hazard 0
Newark /
Union City
Update Climate Action Plan w/adaptation considerations and implement resulting projects
Climate Change 43
Fremont Climate Ready Fremont Update, with implementation of resulting projects
Climate Change 14
Carb Zero emission vehicle standards compliance Climate Change 6 USD ETSU Project Upgrades (Enhanced Treatment Site Upgrades) Climate Change / Drought & Water
Shortage /
Earthquake
11 All Cities Develop, Update and Implementation of Urban Forest / Tree Management Plan
(includes Newark Urban Forest Master Plan – 16 votes)
Climate Change /
Drought & Water
Shortage / Severe
Weather: Extreme
Heat, Heavy Rain
and Storms
46 Newark Eucalyptus Grove Reduction Climate Change /
Drought & Water
Shortage / Severe
Weather: Extreme
Heat, Heavy Rain
and Storms
14 Xeriscaping Climate Change /
Drought & Water
Shortage / Severe
Weather: Extreme
Heat
1 Packet Page No. 1293
Tri-City C-45
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency/
Department Mitigation Action Title
Hazards
Addressed
Votes
(Points)*
Retrofit key respite areas/cooling centers with air scrubbing, filtration systems
Climate Change /
Severe Weather:

Extreme Heat /
Wildfire
0 USACE w/
Partners
Construct sea wall around South Bay Coastal Flooding &
Sea Level Rise
14 Salt marsh levee breach project Coastal Flooding &
Sea Level Rise
24 South Bay salt pond restoration project (Cargill) Coastal Flooding & Sea Level Rise
24 USD Evaluate and harden/replace force mains in coastal areas Coastal Flooding & Sea Level Rise
8 Newark Sea level rise resiliency study Coastal Flooding & Sea Level Rise
17 All EAP coordination, training, exercises (w/dam owners) Dam Failure 10 ACWD Continue to regularly inspect and monitor dams, especially during severe weather events
Dam Failure 6
Coordinate and evaluate dams of concern and possible failures, with a focus on earthquake risk
Dam Failure
/ Earthquake
8 Evaluate Alert & Warning program relative to dams and earthquake risk
Dam Failure
/ Earthquake
4 ACWD Seismic upgrades to Alameda and Patterson reservoirs Earthquake 4 ACWD,
others?
Upgrades / earthquake retrofits of water mains and hydrants Earthquake 22 SFPUC,
others?
SFPUC (Hetch-Hetchy) pipeline emergency plan Earthquake 1 All Evaluate and update materials and construction specifications for critical facilities and infrastructure
Earthquake 9
All EQ evaluations, hardening and retrofits for existing critical facilities and infrastructure and community lifelines
Earthquake 46
All Cities Review and update construction standards with adoption of CBC and development of local amendments
Earthquake 10
Fremont Fire Station hardening/retrofit Earthquake 6
Groundwater recharge planning Drought & Water
Shortage
0 Establish and maintain water use efficiency team program Drought & Water Shortage
6 USD Construct digesters to flow solids Drought & Water Shortage
0 Conduct water supply assessments Drought & Water
Shortage
0 Continue updates to Integrated/Urban Regional Water
Management Plans
Drought & Water
Shortage
0 Packet Page No. 1294
Tri-City C-46
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency/
Department Mitigation Action Title
Hazards
Addressed
Votes
(Points)*
USD Force main ground stabilization Flood: 1%/0.2% /
Localized Flooding
/ Heavy Rains and
Storms
13 USD I & I system improvements to prevent intake of groundwater Flood: 1%/0.2% / Localized Flooding
/ Heavy Rains and
Storms
15 All Implement stormwater master plans Flood: 1%/0.2% / Localized Flooding
/ Heavy Rains and
Storms
44 Fremont Implement five 404 FEMA mitigation projects
-Sullivan Underpass – minimize future storm damage to pumps -Stanley Bridge – protect bridge abutment form scouring and erosion during storms
-Morrison Canyon Rd. – Increase pipe circumference to prevent future clogging of culverts during storms and prevent erosion -Mill Creek soil stabilization
-Rancho Higuera Historical Park – Improvements to prevent future levee breaches during storms and downstream damage
Flood: 1%/0.2% /
Localized Flooding
/ Heavy Rains and
Storms / Landslide
25 Newark Flood control projects resulting from 2023 storms -lines H & I improvements
Flood: 1%/0.2% /
Localized Flooding
/ Heavy Rains and
Storms / Landslide
27 Wetlands restoration/preservation – flood mitigation Flood: 1%/0.2% / Localized Flooding
/ Heavy Rains and
Storms / Coastal
Flooding and Sea
Level Rise / Levee
Failure
15 Newark /
Union City
Review and update flood protection ordinance Flood: 1%/0.2% / Localized Flooding
/ Heavy Rains and
Storms / Coastal
Flooding and Sea
Level Rise / Levee
Failure
19 Fremont Rural Morrison Canyon road slide mitigation Landslide 5 Fremont,
Others?
Soil monitoring in/along key roadways Landslide 9
Fremont Mission Peak hillside monitoring existing slide Landslide 2 Fremont Signage to warn of landslide areas Landslide 0

1. Levee breach repair – Rancho E. Pine?? Levee Failure 13 Signage project to warn residents, visitors where the Tsunami evacuation areas are located
Tsunami 1
All Cities Continue to adopt CBC w/ local amendment updates Wildfire 5 Packet Page No. 1295
Tri-City C-47
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Agency/
Department Mitigation Action Title
Hazards
Addressed
Votes
(Points)*
Continue to update vegetation management ordinance Wildfire 8 Fremont Update vegetation management ordinance Wildfire 6 Union City Fuels mitigation project – Alco Fire Wildfire 16 All Cities /
Caltrans
Fuels mitigation work on evacuation areas Wildfire 19
All Cities Fuels reduction - Goats Wildfire 1
Projects taken from Goal Statements
Update EOPs and annexes to address historically underserved populations, individuals with a disability or access and functional needs, and communities disproportionately impacted by disasters and climate change
Multi-Hazard N/A
Develop debris removal plan as part of recovery planning, to include right of entry, financing, mapping, and protocols for hazardous waste disposal
Multi-Hazard N/A
Develop procedures for ingress and egress for first responders during a major disaster
Multi-Hazard N/A
All Develop, share, and maintain comprehensive GIS datasets of critical facilities, infrastructure, community lifelines, and other key assets
Multi-Hazard N/A
Fremont Develop strategy to reduce wildfire risk in surrounding hillside areas
Wildfire N/A
C.2 Categories of Mitigation Measures Considered
The following categories of mitigation measures are based on the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS).
➢ Prevention
➢ Property Protection
➢ Natural Resource Protection
➢ Emergency Services
➢ Structural Projects
➢ Public Information
C.3 Cities of Fremont, Newark, and City of Union City Analysis of Alternative Mitigation Measures per Category
Note: This review of mitigation measures is in compliance with the FEMA’s nationally accepted six mitigation categories and FEMA’s CRS Program requirement to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the six mitigation categories with a specific requirement that Preventative Measures be thoroughly reviewed. This review leads to the projects incorporated into the mitigation strategy action plan. This Section specifically focuses on the mitigation measures and potential mitigation strategies specific to City Packet Page No. 1296
Tri-City C-48
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
of Fremont, the participating CRS community to this plan and the Cities of Newark and Union City, also LHMP participants, considering joining the CRS.

C.3.1. Preventive Measures
Preventive measures are designed to keep a problem - such as flooding - from occurring or from getting worse. The objective of preventive measures is to ensure that future development is not exposed to damage and does not cause an increase in damage to other properties. Building, zoning, planning, and code enforcement offices usually administer preventive measures. Some examples of types of preventive measures include:
➢ Building codes and floodplain regulations
➢ Comprehensive land use planning, zoning, and open space preservation ➢ Stormwater management and subdivision regulations
Building Codes
Building codes provide one of the best methods of addressing natural hazards. When properly designed and constructed according to code, the average building can withstand many of the impacts of natural hazards.

Hazard protection standards for all new and improved or repaired (and substantially damaged) buildings can be incorporated into the local building code. Building codes can ensure that the first floors of new buildings are constructed to be higher than the elevation of the 100-year flood or 1% annual chance flood (the flood that is expected to have a one percent chance of occurring in any given year). This is shown in Figure C-1.

Packet Page No. 1297
Tri-City C-49
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Figure C-1 Building Codes and Flood Elevations
Floodplain Regulations
Most communities with a flood problem participate in the NFIP. The NFIP regulations codified within 44 CFR sets minimum requirements for the participating communities' standards for development, subdivision of land, construction of buildings, installation of mobile homes, and improvements and repairs to buildings.

These are usually spelled out in a separate ordinance. More recently in California, communities are adopting the new State of California model ordinance for local agencies to use/adopt that are integrated with the I-Codes, specifically the flood resistant design and construction sections within the 2021 International Building Code, Residential Code, and other I-Codes and ASCE 24-14. Adoption of the new model ordinance (or Appendix G) reflects consistency with the current I-Codes, which meet the minimum requirements of the NFIP and in some instances, exceeds the minimum NFIP requirements.

The NFIP minimum requirements are summarized below. It should be stressed that these are minimum requirements. Local conditions, such as high velocity flooding or the presence of a potential dam failure, may warrant higher local standards.

Enforcement
To ensure that communities are meeting the NFIP standards and the new California model ordinance (Appendix G of the CA Building Code), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) periodically conducts a Community Assessment Visit. During this visit, the maps and ordinances are reviewed, permits Packet Page No. 1298
Tri-City C-50
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
are checked, and issues are discussed with staff. Failure to meet all of the requirements can result in one or more consequences:
➢ Reclassification under the Community Rating System to a higher class ➢ Probation, which entails a $50 surcharge on every flood insurance policy in the community, or ➢ Suspension from the NFIP.

Suspension is the most serious. It means that the community is out of the NFIP and the following sanctions are imposed:
➢ Flood insurance will not be available. No resident will be able to purchase a flood insurance policy. ➢ Existing flood insurance policies will not be renewed. ➢ No direct federal grants or loans for development may be made in identified flood hazard areas under programs administered by federal agencies, such as HUD, EPA, and the Small Business Administration.
➢ Federal disaster assistance will not be provided to repair insurable buildings located in identified flood hazard areas for damage caused by a flood.
➢ No federal mortgage insurance or loan guarantees may be provided in identified flood hazard areas.

This includes policies written by FHA, VA, and others.
➢ Federally insured or regulated lending institutions, such as banks and credit unions, must notify applicants seeking loans for insurable buildings in flood hazard areas that there is a flood hazard and the property is not eligible for federal disaster relief.

These sanctions can be severe for any community with a substantial number of buildings in the floodplain.

Most communities with a flood problem have joined the NFIP and are in full compliance with their regulatory obligations.

One way to assure good administration and enforcement is to have Certified Floodplain Managers on staff.

The Association of State Floodplain Managers administers the national Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM®) program.

Minimum National Flood Insurance Program Regulatory Requirements The NFIP is administered by FEMA. As a condition of making flood insurance available for their residents, communities that participate in the NFIP agree to regulate new construction in the area subject to inundation by the 100-year (base) flood (i.e., 1% annual chance flood). The floodplain subject to these requirements is shown as an A or V Zone on the Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM).

Under the NFIP, there are five major floodplain regulatory requirements. Additional floodplain regulatory requirements may be set by state and local laws. As referenced above, the State of California has developed a model ordinance for local agencies to use/adopt that are integrated with the I-Codes, specifically the flood resistant design and construction sections within the 2021 International Building Code, Residential Code, and other I-Codes and ASCE 24-14. The model California ordinance meets and exceeds the minimum requirements of the NFIP.

All development in the 1% annual chance floodplain must have a permit from the community. The NFIP regulations define "development" as any manmade change to improved or unimproved real estate, Packet Page No. 1299
Tri-City C-51
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
including but not limited to buildings or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation or drilling operations or storage of equipment or materials.

12. Development along a river or other channel cannot obstruct flows so as to cause an increase in flooding on other properties. An analysis must be conducted to demonstrate that the cumulative effect of the proposed development, when combined with all other existing and anticipated development, will not increase the water surface elevation of the base flood more than one foot at any point within the community.

13. New buildings may be built in the floodplain, but they must be protected from damage from the base flood. In riverine floodplains, the lowest floor of residential buildings must be elevated to be at or above the base flood elevation (BFE). Nonresidential buildings must be either elevated or floodproofed. Note:
the new California model ordinance replaces Occupancy/Risk Categories with Flood Design Classes for the purpose of establishing elevations of lowest floors, flood-resistant materials equipment and floodproofing.

14. Under the NFIP, a "substantially improved" building is treated as a new building. The NFIP regulations define "substantial improvement" as any reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, or other improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50% of the market value of the structure before the start of construction of the improvement. This requirement also applies to buildings that are substantially damaged.

15. Communities are encouraged to adopt local ordinances that are more comprehensive or provide more protection than the federal criteria. The NFIP's Community Rating System provides insurance premium credits to recognize the additional flood protection benefit of higher regulatory standards.

Local Implementation: Cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City The Cities of Fremont, Newark and Union City have adopted the 2022 California Building Code based on the 2021 International Building Code. The City of Fremont has a Floodplain Damage Prevention Ordinance (2023) that exceeds minimum NFIP standards and includes some higher regulatory standards, and is consistent with the flood resistant design and construction sections within the 2021 International Building Code, Residential Code, and other I-Codes and ASCE 24-14. The Cities of Newark and Union City have also adopted the 2022 California Building Code based on the 2021 International Building Code. However, the City of Newark’s local Flood Ordinance was adopted in 2009 and has not been updated to meet the requirements of the 2022 California Building Code and the new California Model Flood Ordinance.

Likewise, the City of Union City’s local Flood Ordinance was adopted in 2011 and has not been specifically updated to meet the requirements of the 2022 California Building Code and the new California Model Flood Ordinance.

Just as important as having code standards is the enforcement of the code. Adequate inspections are needed during the course of construction to ensure that the builder understands the requirements and is following them. Making sure a structure is properly elevated and anchored requires site inspections at each step. The Cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City indicate that their Floodplain Management Ordinances are adequately enforced.

Reduce Future Flood Losses
Future flood losses should be reduced by enforcement of current floodplain regulations:

Packet Page No. 1300
Tri-City C-52
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
City of Fremont. For new residential and non-residential construction or substantial improvements, Fremont requires that either the lowest finished floor be elevated at least 1 foot above the base flood elevation or that below the base flood level the structure is flood-proofed and watertight.

City of Newark. For new residential construction or substantial improvements of any structure, Newark requires that either the lowest floor, including basement, be elevated to or above the base flood elevation.

Nonresidential construction shall either be elevated in conformance with subdivisions (C)(1) or (C)(2) of this section or together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities: a. be floodproofed so that below the base flood level the structure is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water; b. have structural components capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy; and c. be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect that the standards of this subsection are satisfied. Such certifications shall be provided to the building official. New construction and substantial improvement of any structure in Zone AH or AO shall have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated above the highest adjacent grade at least as high as the depth number specified in feet on the FIRM, or at least two feet if no depth number is specified. Nonresidential structures may meet the standards in paragraph c of this subdivision as described above.

City of Union City. For new residential construction or substantial improvements of any structure, Union City requires that either the lowest floor, including basement, be elevated to or above the base flood elevation. Nonresidential construction shall either be elevated in conformance with subdivisions (C)(1) or (C)(2) of this section or together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities: a. be floodproofed so that below the base flood level the structure is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water; b. have structural components capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy; and c. be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect that the standards of this subsection are satisfied. Such certifications shall be provided to the building official. New construction and substantial improvement of any structure in Zone AH or AO shall have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated above the highest adjacent grade at least as high as the depth number specified in feet on the FIRM, or at least two feet if no depth number is specified. Nonresidential structures may meet the standards in paragraph c of this subdivision as described above.

Enacting and enforcing the current standards and/or adopting higher regulatory standards reduces future flood losses by regulating development within flood hazard areas.

Current Standards
As described above, the Cities of Fremont, Newark and Union City have Floodplain Management Ordinances that meet the NFIP's minimum floodplain regulatory requirements. With the adoption of Fremont’s new 2023 Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance, NFIP standards are exceeded in some areas including establishing additional freeboard, as detailed below. The flood ordinances for the three cities are designed to:
➢ To protect human life and health;
➢ To minimize expenditure of public money for costly flood control projects; ➢ To minimize the need for rescue and relief efforts associated with flooding and generally undertaken at the expense of the general public;
➢ To minimize prolonged business interruptions;
Packet Page No. 1301
Tri-City C-53
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ To minimize damage to public facilities and utilities such as water and gas mains, electric, telephone and sewer lines, streets and bridges located in areas of special flood hazard; ➢ To help maintain a stable tax base by providing for the sound use and development of areas of special flood hazard so as to minimize future flood blight areas; ➢ To ensure that potential buyers are notified that property is in an area of special flood hazard; and ➢ To ensure that those who occupy the areas of special flood hazard assume responsibility for their actions.

The flood ordinances for the three cities include methods and provisions for:
➢ Restricting or prohibiting development which are dangerous to health, safety, and property due to flood hazards, or which result in damaging increase in flood heights or velocities; ➢ Requiring that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction;
➢ Controlling the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels, and natural protective barriers, which help accommodate or channel floodwaters;
➢ Controlling fill, grading, dredging, and other development which may increase flood damage; and ➢ Preventing or regulating the construction of flood barriers which will unnaturally divert floodwaters or which may increase flood hazards in other areas.

In addition, all new construction or substantial improvements shall be:
➢ Designed or modified and adequately anchored to prevent flotation, collapse or lateral movement of the structure resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads, including the effects of buoyancy ➢ Constructed in ways that minimize flood damage
➢ Constructed with materials resistant to flood damage
➢ Constructed with electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, and air conditioning equipment and other service facilities designed or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within components during flooding
➢ Require within Zones AH or AO, adequate drainage paths around structures on slopes to guide floodwaters around and away from proposed structures.

The Cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City have regulations that exceed minimum NFIP standards.

This includes:
➢ Floodways are delineated and certain requirements apply to construction within these floodways so as to not result in any increase in flood levels during the occurrence of the base flood discharge.

The City of Fremont has additional requirements that exceed minimum NFIP standards. This includes:
➢ Requiring new construction and substantial improvements to have the lowest flood, including basement, elevated a minimum of 1 foot above the base flood elevation.

While none of the floodplain managers in the Cities of Fremont, Newark, or Union City are currently Certified Floodplain Managers (CFMs), they are all working towards a certification.

Packet Page No. 1302
Tri-City C-54
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Manufactured Homes
Manufactured or mobile homes are usually not regulated by local building codes. They are built in a factory in another state and are shipped to a site. They do have to meet construction standards set by the U.S.

Department of Housing and Urban Development. All mobile homes constructed after 1976 must comply with HUD's National Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. These standards apply uniformly across the country and it is illegal for a local unit of government to require additional construction requirements. Local jurisdictions may regulate the location of these structures and their on-site installation.

Manufactured homes: The NFIP allows communities to exempt mobile homes in existing mobile home parks from some of the flood protection requirements. The CRS provides up to 50 points if the community does not use this exemption.

Local Implementation
The Floodplain Ordinances for the Cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City all include specific requirements for the placement, installation, elevation, and anchoring of manufactured homes. However, the ordinances for all three cities currently exempt existing manufactured homes and only apply to new and replacement manufactured homes and additions and/or substantial improvements. Thus, none of the Cities benefit from this element.

CRS Credit
Building Codes: The CRS encourages strong building codes. It provides credit in two ways: points are awarded based on the community's BCEGS classification and points are awarded for adopting the International Code series. The CRS also has a prerequisite for a community to attain a Class 6 or better within the CRS program, the community must have a BCEGS class of 5/5 or better. To attain a Class 4 or better in the CRS program, the community must have a BCEGS class of 4/4 or better.

The Cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City have all adopted the 2022 California Building Code which includes the 2021 International Code series with State enhancements.

The National Flood Insurance Program‘s (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS) was implemented in 1990 as a program for recognizing and encouraging community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP standards. The National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994 codified the Community Rating System in the NFIP.
➢ The CRS recognizes 18 creditable activities, organized under four categories numbered 300 through 600:
✓ Public Information
✓ Mapping and Regulations
✓ Flood Damage Reduction
✓ Flood Preparedness
➢ The City of Fremont participates in the CRS program and is currently a CRS Class 7. ➢ By implementing these floodplain management activities, the residents of the City of Fremont qualify for flood insurance premium rate reductions. When communities go beyond the minimum standards for floodplain management, the CRS can provide discounts up to 45% off flood insurance premiums.

A CRS Class 7 provides for a 15% premium discount on flood insurance premiums.

Packet Page No. 1303
Tri-City C-55
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
The Cities of Newark and Union City do not currently participate in the CRS program but are evaluating participation in the future. Thus, the residents within the City do not currently benefit from discounts to flood insurance premiums.

Floodplain Management – Higher Regulatory Standards: There are many higher regulatory standards that warrant CRS credit as previously discussed. These standards include:
➢ Delineating a floodway, the area of higher hazard near the channel. This would allow development outside the floodway (called the "floodplain fringe") without engineering studies to determine their impact on others.
➢ Requiring all new construction to be elevated one or two feet above the base flood elevation to provide an extra level of protection from waves and higher floods. This extra protection is reflected in a distinct reduction in flood insurance rates.
➢ Having all developers (not just the larger ones) provide flood data where none are available. ➢ Specifications to protect foundations from erosion, scour and settling. ➢ Prohibiting critical facilities from all or parts of the floodplain. ➢ Prohibiting hazardous materials.
➢ Requiring buffers adjacent to streams or natural areas. ➢ Restrictions on use of enclosures below elevated buildings. ➢ Flood storage lost due to filling and construction must be compensated for by removal of an equal volume of storage.
➢ The CRS also provides credit for having trained staff and a higher credit if the staff members are Certified Floodplain Managers.

It should be noted that one of the prerequisites for participation in the CRS is that the community be in full compliance with the minimum requirements of the NFIP. A community with a number of "potential violations" risks being removed from the CRS entirely.

Comprehensive Land Use Planning, Zoning, and Open Space Preservation Building codes provide guidance on how to build in hazardous areas. Planning and zoning activities direct development away from these areas, particularly floodplains and wetlands. They do this by designating land uses that are compatible with the natural conditions of land that is prone to flooding, such as open space or recreation. Planning and zoning activities can also provide benefits by simply allowing developers more flexibility in arranging improvements on a parcel of land through the planned development approach.

General and Comprehensive Plans
These plans are the primary tools used by communities to address future development. They can reduce future flood-related damages by indicating open space or low density development within floodplains and other hazardous areas. Unfortunately, natural hazards are not always emphasized or considered in the specific land use recommendations.

Generally, a plan has limited authority. It reflects what the community would like to see happen. Its utility is that it guides other local measures, such as capital improvement programs, zoning ordinances, and subdivision regulations.

Packet Page No. 1304
Tri-City C-56
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Capital Improvement Plans
A capital improvement plan can guide a community's major public expenditures for a 5- to 20-year period.

Capital expenditures may include acquisition of open space within the hazardous areas, extension of public services into hazardous areas, or retrofitting existing public structures to withstand a hazard.

Zoning
A zoning ordinance regulates development by dividing a community into zones or districts and setting development criteria for each of those zones or districts. Zoning codes are considered the primary tool to implement a general/comprehensive plan's guidelines for how land should be developed.

Zoning ordinances can limit development in hazardous areas, such as reserving floodplain zones for agricultural uses. Often, developers will produce a standard grid layout. The ordinance and the community can allow flexibility in lot sizes and location so developers can avoid hazardous areas.

One way to encourage such flexibility is to use the planned unit development (PUD) approach or cluster development. The PUD and cluster approaches allow the developer to easily incorporate flood hazard mitigation measures into the project. Open space or floodplain preservation can be facilitated as site design standards and land use densities can be adjusted to fit the property's specific characteristics, as shown in Figure C-2.

Figure C-2 Zoning for Development in the Floodzone
Packet Page No. 1305
Tri-City C-57
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Open Space Preservation
Keeping the floodplain and other hazardous areas open and free from development is the best approach to preventing damage to new developments. Open space can be maintained in agricultural use or can serve as parks, greenway corridors and golf courses.

Comprehensive and capital improvement plans should identify areas to be preserved by acquisition and other means, such as purchasing an easement. With an easement, the owner is free to develop and use private property, but property taxes are reduced or a payment is made to the owner if the owner agrees to not build on the part set aside in the easement.

Although there are some federal programs that can help acquire or reserve open lands, open space lands and easements do not always have to be purchased. Developers can be encouraged to dedicate park land and required to dedicate easements for drainage and maintenance purposes. These are usually linear areas along property lines or channels. Maintenance easements also can be donated by streamside property owners in return for a community maintenance program.

Local Implementation
General Plan: City of Fremont’s current General Plan was last adopted in 2011, with an update to the Housing Element occurring in 2022. The City of Newark’s General Plan is dated 2013, with updates to the Housing, Safety, and Environmental Justice Elements in 2023. The City of Union City’s General Plan is dated 2019, with updates to the Housing and Safety Elements in 2023.

Zoning and Open Space Preservation: The Cities’ General Plans in coordination with the local Codes, protects current open space. As General Plans are updated, zoning codes, including provisions for open space and other land preservation and development constraints are added.

Reduce Future Flood Losses
Enacting the General Plans and the comprehensive zoning and future land uses contained in the Cities’ General Plans will help to reduce future flood losses by managing development in hazardous areas including identified floodplains.

Current Standards
The City of Fremont has a Planning and Zoning ordinance developed to ensure that buildings and structures constructed in the City comply with the provisions of the ordinance pertaining to the erection, construction, reconstruction, moving, conversion, alteration or addition to any building or structure. The purpose of this title is to implement the city's general plan and to protect and promote the public health, safety, peace, comfort, convenience, prosperity and general welfare. This title implements the goals and policies of the City of Fremont General Plan by regulating the use of land and structures within the city.

Packet Page No. 1306
Tri-City C-58
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Working in conjunction with the City’s zoning ordinance, the City has established an open space district to permit limited but reasonable use of open lands while protecting the public health, safety and welfare from the dangers of seismic hazards and unstable soils; preserve the topography of the city that shapes it and gives it its identity; allow land to be used for agricultural production in its natural or as near natural state as possible; coordinate with and carry out regional, county, and city open space plans; and where permitted, encourage the clustering of dwelling units in order to preserve and enhance the remainder of open space lands as a limited and valuable resource. This includes provisions related to City Parks, General Open Space, the Hillside, Hill Face, and Hill Open Space, and the Resource Conservation and Public Open Space.

These zoning ordinance and open space designations help reduce hazard impacts and are adequately administered and enforced.

The City of Newark also has a Zoning Ordinance designed to implement the City's general plan and to protect and promote the public health, safety, peace, comfort, convenience, prosperity and general welfare of the City. This includes establishing land use and development standards specific to each land use designation as identified in the code for the orderly growth and development of the city, and guide and to control the use of land to provide a safe, harmonious, attractive, and sustainable community. These zoning ordinance and open space designations help reduce hazard impacts and are adequately administered and enforced.

The City of Union City also has a Zoning Ordinance designed to implement the City's general plan and to promote and protect the public health, safety, morals, comfort, convenience and the general welfare of the people. This includes dividing the City into zones and districts restricting and regulating therein the location, construction, reconstruction, alteration and use of buildings, structures and land for residence, business, industrial and other specified uses. The City’s Zoning Ordinance works in conjunction with the City’s Open Space Zoning District designation. The purpose and intent of this district is to:
➢ Provide adequate recreation and open space lands for the needs of the population, present and future;
➢ Preserve and protect open space lands as a limited and valuable resource; ➢ Discourage premature and unnecessary conversion of open space land to urban areas in order to discourage noncontiguous patterns of development which unnecessarily increase the cost of community services to community residents;
➢ Prevent incompatible development of areas which should be preserved or regulated for scenic, historic, or conservation purposes;
➢ Insure the retention of certain lands in their natural or near natural state, so as to protect the public health, safety, and welfare of the community from natural disasters such as fire, flood, erosion, seismic activity, etc.

Provisions of this district also provide for the reasonable use of open space land while at the same time preserving and protecting its inherent open space character. These zoning ordinance and open space designations help reduce hazard impacts and are adequately administered and enforced.

CRS Credit
The CRS provides flood insurance discounts to those communities that implement various floodplain management activities that meet certain criteria. Comparing local activities to those national criteria helps determine if local activities should be improved.

Packet Page No. 1307
Tri-City C-59
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Credits are provided for regulations that encourage developers to preserve floodplains or other hazardous areas from development. There is no credit for a plan, only for the enforceable regulations that are adopted pursuant to a plan. Credits are also provided for setting aside floodplains for low density zoning, such as five acre lots or conservation.

Preserving flood prone areas as open space is one of the highest priorities of the Community Rating System.

Up to 1,450 points can be given, based on how much of the floodplain is in community public undeveloped properties, parks, wildlife refuges, golf courses, or other uses that can be depended on to stay open (Activity 420 - Open Space Preservation).

Stormwater Management and Subdivision Ordinance
Development in floodplains is development in harm's way. New construction in the floodplain increases the amount of development exposed to damage and can aggravate flooding on neighboring properties.

Development outside a floodplain can also contribute to flooding problems. Stormwater runoff is increased when natural ground cover is replaced by urban development (see Figure C-3). Development in the watershed that drains to a river can aggravate downstream flooding, overload the community's drainage system, cause erosion, and impair water quality.

Packet Page No. 1308
Tri-City C-60
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Figure C-3 Runoff and Infiltration of Natural and Developed Land There are three ways to prevent flooding problems caused by stormwater runoff:
➢ Regulating development in the floodplain to ensure that it will be protected from flooding and that it won't divert floodwaters onto other properties, and
➢ Regulating all development to ensure that the post-development peak runoff will not be greater than it was under pre-development conditions.
➢ Set construction standards so buildings are protected from shallow water.

Most communities participate in the NFIP, which sets minimum requirements for regulating development in the floodplain. All new buildings must be protected from the base or 100-year flood (or 1% annual chance flood) and no development can cause an increase in flood heights or velocities.

Stormwater runoff regulations require developers to build retention or detention basins to minimize the increases in the runoff rate caused by impervious surfaces and new drainage systems. Generally, each Packet Page No. 1309
Tri-City C-61
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
development must not let stormwater leave at a rate higher than what existed under pre-development conditions.

Standards for drainage requirements are typical in subdivision regulations. Standards for storm sewers, ditches, culverts, etc., are best set when an area is laid out and developed. Traditionally, the national standard is to require that the local drainage system carry the 10-year storm. Recently, communities are finding that older estimates of the 10-year storm understated the true hazard, so they are addressing larger storms.

One problem with requiring the drainage system to carry water away is that runoff increases with urban development. The runoff equivalent of a 10-year storm occurs more frequently, and from smaller storms.

The problem is just sent downstream onto someone else's property.

Accordingly, modern subdivision regulations require new developments to ensure that the postdevelopment peak runoff will not be greater than it was under pre-development conditions. This is usually done by constructing retention or detention basins to hold the runoff for a few hours or days, until flows in the system have subsided and the downstream channels can accept the water without flooding.

If the storm sewers or roadside ditches cannot handle a heavy rain, the standard subdivision design uses the streets to carry excess runoff. If the flows exceed the streets' capacity, adjacent properties will flood.

Therefore, the third approach to protecting from stormwater flooding is to make sure new buildings are elevated one or two feet above the street or above adjacent grade.

Local Implementation
Reduce Future Flood Losses
Current practices and tracking mechanisms are seeking to reduce flood risks. Future flood control and stormwater improvements in Tri-City Planning Area will help reduce localized flood risks by improving flood control mechanisms and drainage. In order to reduce future flood losses, the Cities may consider revisiting their stormwater management ordinances.

Current Standards
The cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City have stormwater management ordinances and programs.

The City of Fremont has a a stormwater management program and ordinance that creates a streamlined process for review and approval of stormwater management measures for development projects. Related documents include a Stormwater Control Plan Guidance Manuel and Submittal Packets. The City also operates under the Municipal Regional National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Stormwater Permit (also known as the MRP), issued by the San Francisco Regional Water Quality Control Board, mandates stormwater pollution prevention activities. The MRP requires 70+ municipalities in the Bay Area, including the City of Fremont, to place conditions on development projects to incorporate site design measures, source controls, treatment measures, and on larger projects, flow duration controls (FDCs).

Packet Page No. 1310
Tri-City C-62
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
The City of Newark’s Stormwater Program activities are managed in accordance with National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit requirements enforced by the San Francisco Regional Water Quality Control Board. Activities include:
➢ Illicit Discharge Incident Response/Enforcement
➢ Street Sweeping
➢ Storm Drain Maintenance
➢ Public Outreach Events
➢ Education and Information
➢ Stormwater Controls for Business and Development
➢ Participation in the Alameda Countywide Clean Water Program The City of Newark also has a Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) Plan The purpose of the GSI Plan is to guide the identification, implementation, tracking, and reporting of green infrastructure projects within the City of Newark in accordance with the Municipal Regional Stormwater Permit (MRP), Order No. R2- 2015-0049, adopted by the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board on November 15, 2015. “Green stormwater infrastructure” or “green infrastructure” in this context refers to sustainable systems of constructed softscape features that slow runoff by dispersing it to vegetated areas. Additional benefits to water resource management of GSI include promoting infiltration and evapotranspiration, utilizing bioretention and other low impact development practices to harvest and clean stormwater runoff.

The City of Union City’s Environmental Programs Division has an industrial and illicit-discharge inspection program to protect storm drains and waterways from pollution. The City also reviews storm water pollution prevention plans, conducts storm water event inspections of construction sites, and investigates complaints about illicit discharges into public storm drain system. In addition, the Public Works Department is responsible for implementing the California Regional Water District Quality Control Board's San Francisco Bay Region Municipal Regional Stormwater Permit (called the MRP). Public Works make sure that the permits requirements are adhered to and enforced. All new development projects must begin by completing the Impervious Surface Form and the Checklist for Development Projects
Subdivision Regulations
In addition to controlling stormwater runoff as described above, subdivision regulations govern how land will be subdivided and they set construction standards. These standards generally address roads, sidewalks, utilities, storm sewers, and drainage ways. They can include the following flood protection standards:
➢ Requiring that the final plat show all hazardous areas ➢ Requiring that each lot be provided with a building site above the flood level ➢ Requiring that all roadways be no more than one foot below the flood elevation Local Implementation
The cities of Fremont, Newark and Union City all have subdivision ordinances that regulate the design and improvement
The City of Fremont’s subdivision standards work in conjunction with other building and development standards to regulate and control the division of land within the city of Fremont, and to supplement the Packet Page No. 1311
Tri-City C-63
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
provisions of the Map Act concerning the design, improvement and survey data of subdivisions, the form and content of all maps provided for by the Map Act, and the procedure to be followed in securing the official approval of the commission, the city engineer, the planning manager, and council regarding such maps. To accomplish this purpose, the regulations are determined to be necessary for the preservation of the public health, safety, and general welfare; to promote orderly growth and development; to promote conservation, protection, and proper use of land; and to ensure provision for adequate circulation, utilities, and services. The City of Fremont’s subdivision standards specifically include provisions to address flood hazards.

The City of Newark’s subdivision ordinance is implemented to promote the public health, safety and general welfare; to promote orderly growth and development within the city; to coordinate lot design, street patterns, rights-of-way, traffic circulation, utilities and public facilities with the general plan and any specific plans; to assure that areas dedicated for public purposes will be properly improved initially so as not to be a future burden upon the community; to preserve natural resources and prevent environmental damage; to maintain suitable standards to ensure adequate, safe building sites; and to prevent hazard to life and property.

The City of Union City’s subdivision ordinance is implemented to promote and protect the public health, safety, morale, comfort, convenience, and general welfare of the people. It also includes standards to ensure that community facilities will be provided in accordance with the General Plan including police and fire protection, adequate provisions of water supply, sanitary and storm sewers and schools, parks, and recreation areas.

CRS Credit
CRS credit is provided for both higher regulatory standards in the floodplain and stormwater management standards for new developments. Credit is based on how those standards exceed the minimum NFIP requirements.

Conclusions and Recommendations
➢ The City of Fremont has a floodplain development ordinance that exceeds minimum national standards and will be helpful in preventing flood problems from increasing. The cities of Newark and Union City through adoption of the 2022 Building Code has standards that exceed the minimum standards of the NFIP, but still need to update their local amendments.
➢ With ongoing improvements to the regions’ flood control facilities and any resulting changes in the FEMA DFIRMs, the floodplain regulations for the County and City should be revisited and revised accordingly.
➢ The citiesshould continue to implement floodplain management activities to align with the most current CRS Coordinator's Manual. The cities should evaluate their floodplain management ordinances for incorporating additional higher standards.
➢ The cities should review their zoning and subdivision ordinances for floodplain management and other hazard specific enhancements.
➢ The cities should continue to enforce stormwater management best management practices to control post development site runoff. Consideration of a unified countywide stormwater ordinance will provide consistent regulations between all communities within the Tri-City planning area.

Packet Page No. 1312
Tri-City C-64
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ Standards in subdivision regulations for public facilities should account for the hazards present at the site. New building sites, streets, and water systems should facilitate access and use by fire and emergency equipment.

C.3.2. Property Protection Measures
Property protection measures are used to modify buildings or property subject to damage. Property protection measures fall under three approaches:
➢ Modify the site to keep the hazard from reaching the building, ➢ Modify the building so it can withstand the impacts of the hazard, and ➢ Insure the property to provide financial relief after the damage occurs.

Property protection measures are normally implemented by the property owner, although in many cases technical and financial assistance can be provided by a government agency.

Keeping the Hazard Away
Generally, natural hazards do not damage vacant areas. As noted earlier, the major impact of hazards is to people and improved property. In some cases, properties can be modified so the hazard does not reach the damage-prone improvements. For example, a berm can be built to prevent floodwaters from reaching a house.

Flooding
There are five common methods to keep a flood from reaching and damaging a building:
➢ Erect a barrier between the building and the source of the flooding. ➢ Move the building out of the floodprone area.
➢ Elevate the building above the flood level.
➢ Demolish the building.
➢ Replace the building with a new one that is elevated above the flood level.

Barriers
A flood protection barrier can be built of dirt or soil (a "berm") or concrete or steel (a "floodwall"). Careful design is needed so as not to create flooding or drainage problems on neighboring properties. Depending on how porous the ground is, if floodwaters will stay up for more than an hour or two, the design needs to account for leaks, seepage of water underneath, and rainwater that will fall inside the perimeter. This is usually done with a sump or drain to collect the internal groundwater and surface water and a pump and pipe to pump the internal drainage over the barrier.

Packet Page No. 1313
Tri-City C-65
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Figure C-4 Types of Barriers
Barriers can only be built so high. They can be overtopped by a flood higher than expected. Barriers made of earth are susceptible to erosion from rain and floodwaters if not properly sloped, covered with grass, and properly maintained. A berm can also settle over time, lowering its protection level. A floodwall can crack, weaken, and lose its watertight seal. Therefore, barriers need careful design and maintenance (and insurance on the building, in case of failure).

Relocation
Moving a building to higher ground is the surest and safest way to protect it from flooding. While almost any building can be moved, the cost increases for heavier structures, such as those with exterior brick and stone walls, and for large or irregularly shaped buildings.

In areas subject to flash flooding, deep waters, or other high hazard, relocation is often the only safe approach. Relocation is also preferred for large lots that include buildable areas outside the floodplain or where the owner has a new flood-free lot (or portion of the existing lot) available.

Building Elevation
Raising a building above the flood level can be almost as effective as moving it out of the floodplain. Water flows under the building, causing little or no damage to the structure or its contents. Raising a building Packet Page No. 1314
Tri-City C-66
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
above the flood level is cheaper than moving it and can be less disruptive to a neighborhood. Elevation has proven to be an acceptable and reasonable means of complying with floodplain regulations that require new, substantially improved, and substantially damaged buildings to be elevated above the base flood elevation.

One concern with elevation is that it may expose the structure to greater impacts from other hazards such as wind and groundshaking. If not braced and anchored properly, an elevated building may have less resistance to the shaking of an earthquake and the pressures of high winds.

Demolition
Some buildings, especially heavily damaged or repetitively flooded ones, are not worth the expense to protect them from future damages. It is cheaper to demolish them and either replace them with new, flood protected structures ("pilot reconstruction"), or relocate the occupants to a safer site. Demolition is also appropriate for buildings that are difficult to move - such as larger, slab foundation or masonry structures - and for dilapidated structures that are not worth protecting. Generally, demolition projects are undertaken by a government agency, so the cost is not borne by the property owner, and the land is converted to public open space use, like a park.

Figure C-5 Demolition of Flooded Home
One problem that sometimes results from an acquisition and demolition project is a "checkerboard" pattern in which nonadjacent properties are acquired. This can occur when some owners, especially those who have and prefer a waterfront location, are reluctant to leave their homes. Creating such an acquisition pattern in a community simply adds to the maintenance costs that taxpayers must support.

Packet Page No. 1315
Tri-City C-67
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Pilot Reconstruction
If a building is not in good shape, elevating it may not be worthwhile or it may even be dangerous. An alternative is to demolish the structure and build a new one on the site that meets or exceeds all flood and wind protection codes. This was formerly known as "demo/rebuild." FEMA funding programs refer to this approach as "pilot reconstruction." It is still a pilot program, and not a regularly funded option.

Certain rules must be followed to qualify for federal funds for pilot reconstruction:
➢ Pilot reconstruction is only possible after it has been shown that acquisition or elevation are not feasible, based on the program's criteria.
➢ Funds are only available to people who owned the property at the time of the event for which funding is authorized.
➢ It must be demonstrated that the benefits exceed the costs. ➢ The new building must be elevated to the advisory base flood elevation. ➢ The new building must not exceed more than 10% of the old building's square footage. ➢ The new building must meet all flood and wind protection codes. ➢ There must be a deed restriction that states the owner will buy and keep a flood insurance policy. ➢ The maximum federal grant is 75% of the cost, up to $150,000. FEMA is developing a detailed list of eligible costs to ensure that disaster funds are not used to upgrade homes.

Local Implementation
Within the Tri-City planning area, it is unknown the extent to which acquisition and elevation projects have been implemented. The cities should consider these types of projects for the protection of floodprone structures in the future.

CRS Credit
The CRS provides the most credit points for acquisition and relocation, because this measure permanently removes insurable buildings from the floodplain. The CRS credits barriers and elevating existing buildings (Activity 530 - Flood Protection). Elevating a building above the flood level will also reduce the flood insurance premiums on that individual building. Because barriers are less secure than elevation, not as many points are provided. Higher scores are possible, but they are based on the number of buildings removed compared to the number remaining in the floodplain.

Retrofitting
An alternative to keeping the hazard away from a building is to modify or retrofit the site or building to minimize or prevent damage. There are a variety of techniques to do this, as described below.

Dry Floodproofing
Dry floodproofing means making all areas below the flood protection level watertight. Walls are coated with waterproofing compounds or plastic sheeting. Openings, such as doors, windows and vents, are closed, either permanently, with removable shields, or with sandbags. Dry floodproofing of new and existing nonresidential buildings in the regulatory floodplain is permitted under state, FEMA and local regulations.

Packet Page No. 1316
Tri-City C-68
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Dry floodproofing of existing residential buildings in the floodplain is also permitted as long as the building is not substantially damaged or being substantially improved. Owners of buildings located outside the regulatory floodplain can always use dry floodproofing techniques.

Figure C-6 Dry Floodproofing
Dry floodproofing is only effective for shallow flooding, such as repetitive drainage problems. It does not protect from the deep flooding along lakes and larger rivers caused by hurricanes or other storms.

Wet Floodproofing
The alternative to dry floodproofing is wet floodproofing: water is let in and everything that could be damaged by a flood is removed or elevated above the flood level. Structural components below the flood level are replaced with materials that are not subject to water damage. For example, concrete block walls are used instead of wooden studs and gypsum wallboard. The furnace, water heater and laundry facilities are permanently relocated to a higher floor. Where the flooding is not deep, these appliances can be raised on blocks or platforms.

Local Implementation
Area residents have utilized both dry and wet floodproofing techniques for construction of homes in floodprone areas. Floodproofing requirements for new or substantially improved structures are addressed in the communities’ Floodplain Management Ordinances.

CRS Credit
Credit for dry and wet floodproofing and sewer backup protection is provided under Activity 530 - Retrofitting. Because these property protection measures are less secure than barriers and elevation, not as many points are provided.

Insurance
Technically, insurance does not mitigate damage caused by a natural hazard. However, it does help the owner repair, rebuild, and hopefully afford to incorporate some of the other property protection measures Packet Page No. 1317
Tri-City C-69
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
in the process. Insurance offers the advantage of protecting the property, as long as the policy is in force, without requiring human intervention for the measure to work.

Private Property
Although most homeowner's insurance policies do not cover a property for flood damage, an owner can insure a building for damage by surface flooding through the NFIP. Flood insurance coverage is provided for buildings and their contents damaged by a "general condition of surface flooding" in the area.

Figure C-7 Flood Insurance Coverage
Most people purchase flood insurance because it is required by the bank when they get a mortgage or home improvement loan. Usually, these policies just cover the building's structure and not the contents. Contents coverage can be purchased separately. Renters can buy contents coverage, even if the owner does not buy structural coverage on the building. Most people don't realize that there is a 30-day waiting period to purchase a flood insurance policy and there are limits on coverage.

Public Property
Governments can purchase commercial insurance policies. Larger local governments often self-insure and absorb the cost of damage to one facility, but if many properties are exposed to damage, self-insurance can drain the government's budget. Communities cannot expect federal disaster assistance to make up the difference after a flood.

Under Section 406(d) of the Stafford Act:
"If an eligible insurable facility damaged by flooding is located in a [mapped floodplain] … and the facility is not covered (or is underinsured) by flood insurance on the date of such flooding, FEMA is required to reduce Federal disaster assistance by the maximum amount of insurance proceeds that would have been received had the buildings and contents been fully covered under a National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) standard Packet Page No. 1318
Tri-City C-70
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
flood insurance policy. [Generally, the maximum amount of proceeds for a non-residential property is $500,000.]
[Communities] Need to:
➢ Identify all insurable facilities, and the type and amount of coverage (including deductibles and policy limits) for each. The anticipated insurance proceeds will be deducted from the total eligible damages to the facilities.
➢ Identify all facilities that have previously received Federal disaster assistance for which insurance was required. Determine if insurance has been maintained. A failure to maintain the required insurance for the hazard that caused the disaster will render ineligible for Public Assistance funding… ➢ [Communities] must obtain and maintain insurance to cover [their] facility - buildings, equipment, contents and vehicles - for the hazard that caused the damage in order to receive Public Assistance funding. Such coverage must, at a minimum, be in the amount of the eligible project costs. FEMA will not provide assistance for that facility in future disasters if the requirement to purchase insurance is not met. - FEMA Response and Recovery Directorate Policy No. 9580.3, August 23, 2000 In other words, the law expects public agencies to be fully insured as a condition of receiving federal disaster assistance.

Local Implementation
Flood insurance is available in the cities of Fremont, Newark and Union City. Information on flood insurance policies and claims are included in the jurisdictional annexes to this LHMP. Flood insurance promotion by the cities is a component of their floodplain management programs.

CRS Credit
There is no credit for purchasing flood insurance, but the CRS does provide credit for local public information programs that explain flood insurance to property owners. The CRS also reduces the premiums for those people who do buy NFIP coverage.

The Government's Role
Property protection measures are usually considered the responsibility of the property owner. However, local governments should be involved in all strategies that can reduce flood losses, especially acquisition and conversion of a site to public open space. There are various roles a municipality can play in encouraging and supporting implementation of these measures.

One of the first duties of a local government is to protect its own facilities. Fire stations, water treatment plants and other critical facilities should be a high priority for retrofitting projects and insurance coverage.

Often public agencies discover after the disaster that their "all-hazard" insurance policies do not cover the property for the type of damage incurred. Flood insurance is even more important as a mitigation measure because of certain Stafford Act provisions.

Providing basic information to property owners is the first step in supporting property protection measures.

Owners need general information on what can be done. They need to see examples, preferably from nearby.

Packet Page No. 1319
Tri-City C-71
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Communities can help owners by helping to pay for a retrofitting project. Financial assistance can range from full funding of a project to helping residents find money from other programs. Some communities assume responsibility for sewer backups, street flooding, and other problems that arise from an inadequate public sewer or public drainage system. Less expensive community programs include low interest loans, forgivable low interest loans and rebates. A forgivable loan is one that does not need to be repaid if the owner does not sell the house for a specified period, such as five years. These approaches don't fully fund the project, but they cost the community less and they increase the owner's commitment to the flood protection project. Often, small amounts of money act as a catalyst to pique the owner's interest to get a self-protection project moving.

The more common outside funding sources are listed below. Unfortunately, some of these are only available after a disaster, not before, when damage could be prevented.

Pre-disaster funding sources:
➢ FEMA's Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) grants ➢ FEMA's Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) grants
➢ Community Development Block Grants
➢ Conservation organizations, although generally these organizations prefer to purchase vacant land in natural areas, not properties with buildings on them.

Post-disaster funding sources:
➢ Insurance claims
➢ The NFIP's Increased Cost of Compliance. This provision increases a flood insurance claim payment to help pay for a flood protection project required by code as a condition to rebuild the flooded building.

It can also be used to help pay the non-federal cost-share of an elevation project.

Post-disaster funding sources, federal disaster declaration needed:
➢ FEMA's disaster assistance (for public properties). However, after a flood, the amount of assistance will be reduced by the amount of flood insurance that the public agency should be carrying on the property.
➢ Small Business Administration disaster loans (for non-governmental properties) ➢ FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
Acquisition Agent
The community can be the focal point in an acquisition project. Most funding programs require a local public agency to sponsor the project. The local government could process the funding application, work with the owners, and provide some, or all, of the local share. In some cases, the local government would be the ultimate owner of the property, but in other cases another public agency could assume ownership and the attendant maintenance responsibilities.

Packet Page No. 1320
Tri-City C-72
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mandates
Mandates are considered a last resort if information and incentives are insufficient to convince a property owner to take protective actions. An example of a retrofitting mandate is the requirement that communities have to disconnect downspouts from the sanitary sewer line.

There is a mandate for improvements or repairs made to a building in the mapped floodplain. If the project equals or exceeds 50% of the value of the original building, it is considered a "substantial improvement." The building must then be elevated or otherwise brought up to current flood protection codes.

Another possible mandate is to require less expensive hazard protection steps as a condition of a building permit. For example, many communities require upgraded electrical service as a condition of a home improvement project. If a person were to apply for a permit for electrical work, the community could require that the service box be moved above the base flood elevation or the installation of a separate ground fault interrupter circuits in the basement.

Local Implementation
As previously described, cities have floodplain ordinances which require flood protection measures be implemented as part of the permit requirements for structures within the special flood hazard areas.

CRS Credit
Except for public information programs, the CRS does not provide credit for efforts to fund, provide incentives, or mandate property protection measures. CRS credits are provided for the actual projects after they are completed. However, to participate in CRS, a community must certify that it has adequate flood insurance on all properties that have been required to be insured. The minimum requirement is to insure those properties in the mapped floodplain that have received federal aid, as specified by the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973.

Repetitive Loss Properties and Analysis
Repetitive loss properties deserve special attention because they are more prone to damage by natural hazards than any other properties in the Tri-City planning area. Further, protecting repetitive loss buildings is a priority with FEMA mitigation funding programs.

According to FEMA’s NFIP records as of July 2, 2023, the cities of Fremont and Newark do not have any repetitive loss (RL) buildings. In Union City, NFIP data indicates that there are 10 RL and 0 severe repetitive loss (SRL) buildings. These 10 RL properties have 15 RL losses and are located outside of the 1% and 0.2% annual chance flood zone, in the B,C, and X zones.

Conclusions and Recommendations
➢ There are several ways to protect individual properties from damage by natural hazards. The advantages and disadvantages of each should be examined for each situation.

Packet Page No. 1321
Tri-City C-73
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ Property protection measures can protect some of the most damage-prone buildings in the Tri-City planning area including repetitive loss properties.
➢ Flood insurance promotion efforts should be enhanced in the three cities. ➢ Property owners can implement some property protection measures at little cost, especially for sites in areas of low hazards (e.g., shallow flooding, sewer backup, and thunderstorms). For other measures, such as relocation and elevation, the owners may need financial assistance. ➢ Local government agencies can promote and support property protection measures through several activities, ranging from public information to financial incentives to full funding. ➢ Government properties, including critical facilities, should be evaluated to determine the extent to which they are protected from flooding.
➢ Because properties in floodplains are likely to be damaged at some point, efforts should continue to provide information and advice to floodplain property owners. Special attention should be given to repetitive loss and high hazard areas.
➢ Public education materials can be developed/enhanced to explain property protection measures that can help owners reduce their exposure to damage by floods and the various types of insurance that are available.
➢ All property protection projects should be voluntary to be most effective. Other than state and federally mandated regulations, local incentives should be positive as much as possible, such as providing financial assistance.
➢ A FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) Grant workshop focused on private firms and citizens could be conducted annually to showcase the assistance that FEMA (HMGP, PDM, FMA, RFC and SRL) provides and to encourage public participation.
➢ A standard checklist could be developed to evaluate a property's exposure to damage from floods. It should include a review of insurance coverage and identify where more information can be found on appropriate property protection measures. The checklist should be provided to each agency participating in this planning process and made available to the public. ➢ The three cities should evaluate their own properties using the standard checklist. A priority should be placed on determining critical facilities' vulnerability to damage and whether public properties are adequately insured.
➢ The three citiesshould protect their own publicly owned facilities with appropriate mitigation measures.

C.3.3. Natural Resource Protection
Resource protection activities are generally aimed at preserving (or in some cases restoring) natural areas.

These activities enable the naturally beneficial functions of fields, floodplains, wetlands, and other natural lands to operate more effectively. Natural and beneficial functions of watersheds, floodplains and wetlands include:
➢ Reduction in runoff from rainwater and snow melt in pervious areas ➢ Infiltration that absorbs overland flood flow
➢ Removal and filtering of excess nutrients, pollutants and sediments ➢ Storage of floodwaters
➢ Absorption of flood energy and reduction in flood scour ➢ Water quality improvement
➢ Groundwater recharge
➢ Habitat for flora and fauna
➢ Recreational and aesthetic opportunities
As development occurs, many of the above benefits can be achieved through regulatory steps for protecting natural areas or natural functions. This Appendix C covers the resource protection programs and standards Packet Page No. 1322
Tri-City C-74
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
that can help mitigate the impact of natural hazards, while they improve the overall environment. Seven areas are reviewed:
➢ Wetland protection
➢ Erosion and sedimentation control
➢ River restoration
➢ Best management practices
➢ Dumping regulations
➢ Urban forestry
➢ Farmland protection
Wetland Protection
Wetlands are often found in floodplains and depressional areas of a watershed. Many wetlands receive and store floodwaters, thus slowing and reducing downstream flows. They also serve as a natural filter, which helps to improve water quality, and they provide habitat for many species of fish, wildlife and plants.

Wetlands that are determined to be part of the waters of the United States are regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Before a "404" permit is issued, the plans are reviewed by several agencies, including the Corps and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Each of these agencies must sign off on individual permits.

There are also nationwide permits that allow small projects that meet certain criteria to proceed without individual permits. Wetlands not included in the Corps' jurisdiction or that are addressed by a nationwide permit may be regulated against by local authorities.

If a permit is issued by the Corps, County, or one of the cities, the impact of the development is typically required to be mitigated. Wetland mitigation can include creation, restoration, enhancement or preservation of wetlands elsewhere. Wetland mitigation is often accomplished within the development site, however, mitigation is allowed off-site and sometimes in another watershed. The appropriate type of mitigation is addressed in each permit.

Some developers and government agencies have accomplished the required mitigation by buying into a wetland bank. Wetland banks are large wetlands created for the purpose of mitigation. The banks accept money to reimburse the owner for setting the land aside from development.

When a wetland is mitigated at a separate site there are drawbacks to consider. First, it takes many years for a new wetland to approach the same quality as an existing one. Second, a new wetland in a different location (especially if it is in a different watershed) will not have the same flood damage reduction benefits as the original one did.

Local Implementation
The three cities should ensure they have adequate ordinances that provide parameters for developing near wetlands. These include requirements for restricting grading and soil disturbances in wetlands, drainage ways, stream environment zones, or water bodies.

Packet Page No. 1323
Tri-City C-75
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
CRS Credit
The CRS focuses on activities that directly affect flood damage to insurable buildings. While there is no credit for relying on the Corps of Engineers' 404 regulations, there is credit for preserving open space in its natural condition or restored to a state approximating its natural condition. The credit is based on the percentage of the floodplain that can be documented as wetlands protected from development by ownership or local regulations. Likewise, there is credit for maintaining water quality buffers that protect streams, rivers, lakes and shorelines in their natural condition or restoring them to an approximate natural state.

Credit is also available for an approved habitat conservation plan.

Erosion and Sedimentation Control
Farmlands and construction sites typically contain large areas of bare exposed soil. Surface water runoff can erode soil from these sites, sending sediment into downstream waterways. Erosion also occurs along stream banks and shorelines as the volume and velocity of flow or wave action destabilize and wash away the soil.

Sediment suspended in the water tends to settle out where flowing water slows down. This can clog storm drains, drain tiles, culverts and ditches and reduce the water transport and storage capacity of river and stream channels, lakes and wetlands. When channels are constricted and flooding cannot deposit sediment in the bottomlands, even more sediment is left in the channels. The result is either clogged streams or increased dredging costs.

Not only are the drainage channels less able to perform their job, but the sediment in the water reduces light, oxygen and water quality, and often carries chemicals, heavy metals and other pollutants. Sediment has been identified by the US EPA as the nation's number one nonpoint source pollutant for aquatic life.

There are two principal strategies to address these problems: minimize erosion and control sedimentation.

Techniques to minimize erosion include phased construction, minimal land clearing, and stabilizing bare ground as soon as possible with vegetation and other soil stabilizing practices.

Packet Page No. 1324
Tri-City C-76
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Figure C-8 Erosion Control
If erosion occurs, other measures are used to capture sediment before it leaves the site. Silt fences, sediment traps and vegetated filter strips are commonly used to control sediment transport. Runoff from the site can be slowed down by terraces, contour strip farming, no-till farm practices, hay or straw bales, constructed wetlands, and impoundments (e.g., sediment basins and farm ponds). Slowing surface water runoff on the way to a drainage channel increases infiltration into the soil and reduces the volume of topsoil eroded from the site.

Erosion and sedimentation control regulations mandate that these types of practices be incorporated into construction plans. The most common approach is to require applicants for permits to submit an erosion and sediment control plan for the construction project. This allows the applicant to determine the best practices for the site.

Local Implementation
The three cities have Stormwater Quality Programs and Erosion and Sediment Control Programs which include ordinances and practices for erosion and sedimentation control.

CRS Credit
Local governments whose ordinances include erosion and sedimentation control provisions can qualify for up to 45 points for this measure.

River Restoration
There is a growing movement that has several names, such as "stream conservation," "bioengineering," or "riparian corridor restoration." The objective of these approaches is to return streams, stream banks and adjacent land to a more natural condition, including the natural meanders. Another term is "ecological restoration," which restores native indigenous plants and animals to an area.

Packet Page No. 1325
Tri-City C-77
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
A key component of these efforts is to use appropriate native plantings along the banks that resist erosion.

This may involve retrofitting the shoreline with willow cuttings, wetland plants, or rolls of landscape material covered with a natural fabric that decomposes after the banks are stabilized with plant roots.

In all, restoring the right vegetation to a stream has the following advantages:
➢ Reduces the amount of sediment and pollutants entering the water ➢ Enhances aquatic habitat by cooling water temperature ➢ Provides food and shelter for both aquatic and terrestrial wildlife ➢ Can reduce flood damage by slowing the velocity of water ➢ Increases the beauty of the land and its property value ➢ Prevents property loss due to erosion
➢ Provides recreational opportunities, such as hunting, fishing and bird watching ➢ Reduces long-term maintenance costs
Figure C-9 River Restoration Zones
Local Implementation
The three cities implement a variety of these activities for water quality and floodplain management purposes under many of their existing programs.

Packet Page No. 1326
Tri-City C-78
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
CRS Credit
The CRS provides credits for preserving open space in its natural condition or restored to a state approximating its natural condition. There are also credits for channel setbacks, buffers and protecting shorelines. Credit is also provided for open space land that is deed restricted.

Best Management Practices
Point source pollutants come from pipes such as the outfall of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. They are regulated by the US EPA and the California Department of Water Resources. Nonpoint source pollutants come from non-specific locations and harder to regulate. Examples of nonpoint source pollutants are lawn fertilizers, pesticides, other chemicals, animal wastes, oils from street surfaces and industrial areas, and sediment from agriculture, construction, mining and forestry. These pollutants are washed off the ground's surface by stormwater and flushed into receiving storm sewers, ditches and streams.

The term "best management practices" (BMPs) refers to design, construction and maintenance practices and criteria that minimize the impact of stormwater runoff rates and volumes, prevent erosion, protect natural resources and capture nonpoint source pollutants (including sediment). They can prevent increases in downstream flooding by attenuating runoff and enhancing infiltration of stormwater. They also minimize water quality degradation, preserve beneficial natural features onsite, maintain natural base flows, minimize habitat loss, and provide multiple usages of drainage and storage facilities.

Local Implementation
The three cities participate in the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting program and require BMPs to minimize stormwater impacts.

CRS Credit
A community can receive CRS points if regulations require new developments to include in the design of their permanent stormwater management facilities appropriate BMPs that will improve the quality of surface waters.

Packet Page No. 1327
Tri-City C-79
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Figure C-10 Stormwater Best Management Practices
Dumping Regulations
BMPs usually address pollutants that are liquids or are suspended in water that are washed into a lake or stream. Dumping regulations address solid matter, such as shopping carts, appliances and landscape waste that can be accidentally or intentionally thrown into channels or wetlands. Such materials may not pollute the water, but they can obstruct even low flows and reduce the channels' and wetlands' abilities to convey or clean stormwater.

Many communities have nuisance ordinances that prohibit dumping garbage or other "objectionable waste" on public or private property. Waterway dumping regulations need to also apply to "non-objectionable" materials, such as grass clippings or tree branches, which can kill ground cover or cause obstructions in channels. Regular inspections to catch violations should be scheduled.

Many people do not realize the consequences of their actions. They may, for example, fill in the ditch in their front yard without realizing that is needed to drain street runoff. They may not understand how regarding their yard, filling a wetland, or discarding leaves or branches in a watercourse can cause a problem to themselves and others. Therefore, a dumping enforcement program should include public information materials that explain the reasons for the rules as well as the penalties.

Packet Page No. 1328
Tri-City C-80
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Local Implementation
The three cities should ensure they have adequate language in place in their local ordinances making it unlawful for anyone to deposit waste, trash, or debris into a waterway. Ordinances should also prohibit the placing of any obstruction in a floodway, including buildings, fill, or fencing. They should also make illegal to dump or discharge hazardous materials, trash, or other pollutants into the storm drains. Even grass, leaves and yard clippings that are repeatedly swept into catch basins can clog the drain, causing flooding and the potential for becoming a breeding ground for rodents and insects. Additionally, when grass and leaves decompose, they encourage excessive growth of algae which can deprive fish of adequate oxygen.

The cities should publicize this information on their local websites and through other outreach mechanisms.

CRS Credit
The CRS provides credit for enforcing and publicizing a regulation that prohibits dumping in the drainage system.

Farmland Protection
Farmland protection is quickly becoming an important piece of comprehensive planning and zoning throughout the United States. The purpose of farmland protection is to provide mechanisms for prime, unique, or important agricultural land to remain as such, and to be protected from conversion to nonagricultural uses.

Frequently, farm owners sell their land to residential or commercial developers and the property is converted to non-agricultural land uses. With development comes more buildings, roads and other infrastructure. Urban sprawl occurs, which can lead to additional stormwater runoff and emergency management difficulties.

Figure C-11 Floodplain Damages to Farmland
Packet Page No. 1329
Tri-City C-81
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Farms on the edge of cities are often appraised based on the price they could be sold for to urban developers.

This may drive farmers to sell to developers because their marginal farm operations cannot afford to be taxed as urban land. The Farmland Protection Program in the United States Department of Agriculture's 2002 Farm Bill (Part 519) allows for funds to go to state, tribal, and local governments as well as nonprofit organizations to help purchase easements on agricultural land to protect against the development of the land. Eligible land includes cropland, rangeland, grassland, pastureland, or forest land that is part of an agricultural operation. Certain lands within historical or archaeological resources are also included.

The hazard mitigation benefits of farmland protection are similar to those of open space preservation:
➢ Farmland is preserved for future generations,
➢ Farmland in the floodplain keeps damageable structures out of harm's way, ➢ Farmland keeps more stormwater on site and lets less stormwater runoff downstream, ➢ Rural economic stability and development is sustained, ➢ Ecosystems are maintain, restored or enhanced, and
➢ The rural character and scenic beauty of the area is maintained.

Local Implementation
The three cities participate in open space preservation programs that protect Hillside and Shoreline areas.

The three cities do not participate in open space incentive programs based on agricultural uses.

CRS Credit
Credit is given for preserving open space in the floodplain, regardless of why it is being preserved. Credit is also provided for density zoning of floodprone areas.

Conclusions and Recommendations
➢ A hazard mitigation program can use resource protection programs to support protecting areas and natural features that can mitigate the impacts of natural hazards. ➢ The three cities should update and enforce regulations that prohibit illicit discharges into public sewers or onto public or private property and should consider publicizing their illicit discharge rules more widely.
➢ The public and decision makers should be informed about the hazard mitigation benefits of restoring rivers, wetlands and other natural areas. Restoration and protection techniques should be explained. ➢ Public outreach activities should include informing the public about the need to protect streams and wetlands from dumping and inappropriate development and the relevant codes and regulations.

C.3.4. Emergency Services Measures
Emergency services measures protect people during and after a disaster. A good emergency management program addresses all hazards, and it involves all local government departments. At the state level, emergency services programs are coordinated by the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES).

Locally, emergency services are coordinated by the Alameda County Office of Emergency Services Offices of Emergency Services for the cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City.

Packet Page No. 1330
Tri-City C-82
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
This section reviews emergency services measures following a chronological order of responding to an emergency. It starts with identifying an impending problem (threat recognition) and continues through postdisaster activities.

Threat Recognition
The first step in responding to a flood, storm, or other natural hazard is to know when weather conditions are such that an event could occur. With a proper and timely threat recognition system, adequate warnings can be disseminated.

Routine Monitoring for Alerts, Watches and Warnings
Emergency officials constantly monitor events and the environment to identify specific threats that may affect their jurisdiction and increase awareness levels of emergency personnel and the community when a threat is approaching or imminent.

The National Weather Service (NWS) is the prime agency for detecting meteorological threats, such as tornadoes, thunderstorms and winter storms. Severe weather warnings are transmitted through NOAA's Weather Radio System. Federal agencies can only look at the large scale, e.g., whether conditions are appropriate for the formation of a thunderstorm. Local emergency managers can provide more site-specific and timely recognition by sending out NWS trained spotters to watch the skies when the Weather Service issues a watch or a warning.

A flood threat recognition system predicts the time and height of a flood crest. This can be done by measuring rainfall, soil moisture, and stream flows upstream of the community and calculating the subsequent flood levels.

On larger rivers, this measuring and calculating is performed by the NWS, a part of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Support for NOAA's efforts is provided by cooperating partners from state and local agencies. Forecasts of expected river stages are made through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) of the National Weather Service. Flood threat predictions are disseminated on the NOAA Weather Wire or NOAA Weather Radio. NOAA Weather Radio is considered by the federal government as the official source for weather information.

On smaller rivers, locally established rainfall and river gauges are needed to establish a flood threat recognition system. The NWS may issue a "flash flood watch." This is issued to indicate current or developing hydrologic conditions that are favorable for flash flooding in and close to the watch area, but the occurrence is neither certain nor imminent. These events are so localized and so rapid that a "flash flood warning" may not be issued, especially if no remote threat recognition equipment is available. In the absence of a gauging system on small streams, the best threat recognition system is to have local personnel monitor rainfall and stream conditions. While specific flood crests and times will not be predicted, this approach will provide advance notice of potential local or flash flooding.

Packet Page No. 1331
Tri-City C-83
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Local Implementation
The Emergency Operations Plan’s (EOP) for the three cities, include limited information on procedures for threat identification. The cities work closely with the Alameda County OES and the NWS for issuing an Emergency Alert.

Increased Readiness & Pre-Impact
Early threat identification and sufficient warning provides the opportunity for response agencies to increase readiness, which are actions designed to increase an agency’s ability to effectively respond once the emergency occurs. This includes steps to brief key officials, disseminating information to the community, and through activation of EOCs, as necessary.

Community Preparedness and Awareness
Emergency public information is a priority during emergencies and disasters. County and City governments have a primary responsibility to provide accurate and timely information to the public regarding conditions, threats, and protective measures. Emergency information is best communicated when centralized and coordinated among all involved jurisdictions, agencies, and organizations.

The public’s response to any emergency is based on an understanding of the nature of the emergency, the potential hazards, the likely response of emergency services, and knowledge of what individuals and groups should do to increase their chances of survival and recovery. Effective public awareness and education prior to an emergency or a disaster will directly affect the three cities’ emergency operations response and recovery efforts.

CRS Credit
Credit can be received for using river flood stage predictions for the NWS's gages. The actual score is based on how much of the community's floodplain is affected by these systems. Potential CRS credit is possible under Activity 610 - Flood Warning Program and Response.

Notifications and Warning Systems
Once a disaster is imminent, action is taken to control the situation, save lives, protect property, and minimize the effects of the disaster. During this phase, warning systems are activated; resources and first responders notified and mobilized; and evacuations begin.

After a threat recognition system tells the emergency services office that a flood, severe weather or other hazard is coming, the next step is to notify the public and staff of other agencies and critical facilities.

Providing adequate and timely notification to the public is the greatest challenge, especially with sudden or no-notice events. The earlier and more specific the warning, the greater the number of people that can implement protection measures.

As previously described, the NWS issues notices to the public using two levels of notification:

Packet Page No. 1332
Tri-City C-84
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ Watch. Conditions are right for flooding, thunderstorms, or other hazard event. ➢ Warning. A flood or other event has started or been observed.

A more specific warning may be disseminated by the community in a variety of ways. The following are the more common methods:
➢ Commercial or public radio or TV stations
➢ The Weather Channel
➢ Cable TV emergency news inserts
➢ Telephone trees/mass telephone notification
➢ NOAA Weather Radio
➢ Tone activated receivers in key facilities
➢ Outdoor warning sirens
➢ Sirens on public safety vehicles
➢ Door-to-door contact
➢ Mobile public address systems
➢ Email notifications
Multiple or redundant systems are most effective - if people do not hear one warning, they may still get the message from another part of the system. Each has advantages and disadvantages:
➢ Radio and television provide a lot of information, but people have to know when to turn them on. They are most appropriate for hazards that that develop over more than a day, such as a tropical storm, hurricane, or winter storm.
➢ NOAA Weather Radio can provide short messages of any impending weather hazard or emergency and advise people to turn on their televisions for more information, but not everyone has a Weather Radio. ➢ Outdoor warning sirens can reach many people quickly as long as they are outdoors. They do not reach people in tightly-insulated buildings or those around loud noise, such as at a factory, during a thunderstorm, or in air conditioned homes. They do not explain what hazard is coming, but people should know to turn on a radio or television when they hear the siren. ➢ Automated telephone notification services are also fast, but can be expensive and do not work when phone lines are down. Nor do they work for unlisted numbers, call screening services, or cellular service, unless people sign up for notifications.
➢ Where a threat has a longer lead time, going door-to-door and manual telephone trees can be effective.

Just as important as issuing a warning is telling people what to do in case of an emergency. A warning program should have a public information aspect. Citizens should know the difference between a tornado warning (when they should seek shelter in a low spot), a flood warning (when they should stay out of low areas), and other appropriate warnings and responses.

StormReady
The National Weather Service established the StormReady program to help local governments improve the timeliness and effectiveness of hazardous weather related warnings for the public. To be officially StormReady, a community must:
➢ Establish a 24-hour warning point and emergency operations center, ➢ Have more than one way to receive severe weather warnings and forecasts and to alert the public, ➢ Create a system that monitors weather conditions locally, Packet Page No. 1333
Tri-City C-85
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ Promote the importance of public readiness through community seminars, and ➢ Develop a formal hazardous weather plan, which includes training severe weather spotters and holding emergency exercises.

Being designated a StormReady community by the National Weather Service is a good measure of a community's emergency warning program for weather hazards. It is also credited by the CRS.

Local Implementation
In coordination with established public safety warning protocols, the activated EOCs for the cities will manage the dissemination of timely and adequate warnings to threatened populations in the most direct and effective means possible.

Neither of the three cities are StormReady certified, but all are considering StormReady certification.

CRS Credit
Community Rating System points are based on the number and types of warning media that can reach the community's flood prone population. Depending on the location, communities can receive credit for the telephone calling system and more points if there are additional measures, like telephone trees. Being designated as a StormReady community can provide additional points. These credits are in Activity 610 - Flood Warning Program and Response.

Response
The protection of life and property is the most important task of emergency responders. Concurrent with threat recognition and issuing warnings, a community should respond with actions that can prevent or reduce damage and injuries. Typical actions and responding parties include the following:
➢ Activating the emergency operations center (emergency preparedness), ➢ Closing streets or bridges (police or public works),
➢ Shutting off power to threatened areas (utility company), ➢ Passing out sand and sandbags (public works),
➢ Holding children at school or releasing children from school (school superintendent), ➢ Opening evacuation shelters (the American Red Cross), ➢ Monitoring water levels (public works), and
➢ Establishing security and other protection measures (police).

An emergency action plan ensures that all bases are covered and that the response activities are appropriate for the expected threat. These plans are developed in coordination with the agencies or offices that are given various responsibilities.

A flood stage forecast map shows areas that will be under water at various flood stages. Different flood levels are shown as color coded areas, so the emergency manager can quickly see what will be affected.

Emergency management staff can identify the number of properties flooded, which roads will be under water, which critical facilities will be affected, and who to warn. With this information, an advance plan Packet Page No. 1334
Tri-City C-86
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
can be prepared that shows problem sites and determines what resources will be needed to respond to the predicted flood level.

Emergency response plans should be updated annually to keep contact names and telephone numbers current and to ensure that supplies and equipment that will be needed are still available. They should be critiqued and revised after disasters and exercises to take advantage of the lessons learned and of changing conditions. The end result is a coordinated effort implemented by people who have experience working together so that available resources will be used in the most efficient manner possible.

Local Implementation
As part of this LHMP Update, the three cities are evaluating improvements to their flood warning system based on CRS Activity 610, Flood Warning and Response.

CRS Credit
The CRS program provides credit under Activity 610- Flood Warning for a warning system that effectively notifies residents of a flood and has procedures for testing and monitoring the system.

Evacuation and Shelter
According to Emergency Management: Principles and Practice, the principle of evacuation is to move citizens from a place of relative danger to a place of relative safety, via a route that does not pose significant danger. There are six key components to a successful evacuation:
➢ Adequate warning
➢ Adequate routes
➢ Proper timing to ensure the routes are clear
➢ Traffic control
➢ Knowledgeable travelers
➢ Care for special populations (e.g., the handicapped, prisoners, hospital patients, and schoolchildren) Those who cannot get out of harm's way need shelter. Typically, the American Red Cross will staff a shelter and ensure that there is adequate food, bedding, and wash facilities. Shelter management is a specialized skill. Managers must deal with problems like scared children, families that want to bring in their pets, and the potential for an overcrowded facility.

Local Implementation
The EOPs for the three cities address sheltering during a hazard event or disaster to provide people affected by a disaster with a safe, temporary place to be housed during or immediately after a disaster until they can either return to their homes or be relocated to other housing facilities. Comprehensive evacuation planning in the Tri-City planning area should be considered.

Packet Page No. 1335
Tri-City C-87
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
CRS Credit
Because it is primarily concerned with protecting insurable buildings, the CRS does not provide any special credit for evacuation or sheltering of people (minimal credit is given in Activity 510 - Floodplain Management for evacuation policies and procedures). It is assumed that the emergency response plan would include all necessary actions in response to a flood.

Post-Disaster Recovery and Mitigation
After a disaster, communities should undertake activities to protect public health and safety and facilitate recovery. Appropriate measures include:
➢ Patrolling evacuated areas to prevent looting,
➢ Providing safe drinking water,
➢ Monitoring for diseases,
➢ Vaccinating residents for tetanus and other diseases, ➢ Clearing streets, and
➢ Cleaning up debris and garbage.

Throughout the recovery phase, everyone wants to get "back to normal." The problem is that "normal" means the way they were before the disaster, exposed to repeated damage from future disasters. There should be an effort to help prepare people and property for the next disaster. Such an effort would include:
➢ Public information activities to advise residents about mitigation measures they can incorporate into their reconstruction work,
➢ Evaluating damaged public facilities to identify mitigation measures that can be included during repairs, ➢ Identifying other mitigation measures that can lessen the impact of the next disaster, ➢ Acquiring substantially or repeatedly damaged properties from willing sellers, ➢ Planning for long-term mitigation activities, and
➢ Applying for post-disaster mitigation funds.

Regulating Reconstruction
Requiring permits for building repairs and conducting inspections are vital activities to ensure that damaged structures are safe for people to reenter and repair. There is a special requirement to do this in floodplains, regardless of the type of disaster or the cause of damage. The NFIP requires that local officials enforce the substantial damage regulations. These rules require that if the cost to repair a building in the mapped floodplain equals or exceeds 50% of the building's market value, the building must be retrofitted to meet the standards of a new building in the floodplain. In most cases, this means that a substantially damaged building must be elevated above the base flood elevation.

This requirement can be very difficult for understaffed and overworked offices following a disaster.

However, if these activities are not carried out properly, not only does the community miss a tremendous opportunity to redevelop or clear out a hazardous area, it may be violating its obligations under the NFIP.

In some areas, mutual aid agreements have been established so building inspectors from a community not affected by the disaster can work in the communities that were hit the hardest.

Packet Page No. 1336
Tri-City C-88
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Local Implementation
The three cities should consider the development of comprehensive post-disaster recovery policies in place for the communities. The EOPs are intended to facilitate multi-agency and multi-jurisdictional coordination during emergencies including hazard events. Through it policies and procedures the EOPs seek to mitigate the effects of hazards, prepare for measures to be taken which will preserve life and minimize damage, enhance response during emergencies and provide necessary assistance, and establish a recovery system in order to return the community to their normal state of affairs.

CRS Credit
The CRS does credit post-disaster mitigation procedures if the policies and procedures are incorporated into a flood mitigation or multi-hazard plan through Activity 510 - Floodplain Management Planning.

Conclusions and Recommendations
➢ There are several threat recognitions systems that can provide the three cities with advance notice of an impending emergency.
➢ Emergency management guidance could be very helpful when things happen quickly and for hazards that have predictable impacts, such as flooding.
➢ The three cities should update and exercise their EOPs on a regular basis. ➢ The three cities should work together to protect people before and after a disaster including an outreach program to promote each community’s warning system.

C.3.5. Flood Control Measures
Four general types of flood control projects are reviewed here: levees, reservoirs, diversions, and dredging.

These projects have three advantages not provided by other mitigation measures:
➢ They can stop most flooding, protecting streets and landscaping in addition to buildings, ➢ Many projects can be built without disrupting citizens' homes and businesses, and ➢ They are constructed and maintained by a government agency, a more dependable long-term management arrangement than depending on many individual private property owners.

However, as shown below, structural measures can have shortcomings. The appropriateness of using flood control depends on individual project area circumstances.

Pros and Cons of Structural Flood Control Projects
➢ Advantages
✓ They may provide the greatest amount of protection for land area used. ✓ Because of land limitations, they may be the only practical solution in some circumstances. ✓ They can incorporate other benefits into structural project design, such as water supply and recreational uses.
✓ Regional detention may be more cost-efficient and effective than requiring numerous small detention basins.

Packet Page No. 1337
Tri-City C-89
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
➢ Disadvantages
✓ They can disturb the land and disrupt the natural water flows, often destroying wildlife habitat. ✓ They require regular maintenance, which if neglected can have disastrous consequences. ✓ They are built to a certain flood protection level that can be exceeded by larger floods, causing extensive damage.
✓ They can create a false sense of security, as people protected by a project often believe no flood can ever reach them.
✓ Although it may be unintended, in many circumstances they promote more intensive land use and development in the floodplain.

Levees and Floodwalls
Probably the best known flood control measure is a barrier of earth (levee) or concrete (floodwall) erected between the watercourse and the property to be protected. Levees and floodwalls confine water to the stream channel by raising its banks. They must be well designed to account for large floods, underground seepage, pumping of internal drainage, and erosion and scour. Key considerations when evaluating the use of a levee include:
➢ Design and permitting costs,
➢ Right of way acquisition,
➢ Removal of fill to compensate for the floodwater storage that will be displaced by the levee, ➢ Internal drainage of surface flows from the area inside the levee, ➢ Cost of construction,
➢ Cost of maintenance,
➢ Mitigation of adverse impacts to wetlands and other habitats, ➢ Loss of river access and views, and
➢ Creating a false sense of security, because while levees may reduce flood damage for smaller more frequent rain events, they may also overtop or breach in extreme flood events and subsequently create more flood damage than would have occurred without the levee.

Levees placed along the river or stream edge can degrade the aquatic habitat and water quality of the stream.

They also are more likely to push floodwater onto other properties upstream or downstream. To reduce environmental impacts and provide multiple use benefits, a setback levee is often the best project design.

The area inside a setback levee can provide open space for recreational purposes and provide access sites to the river or stream.

Floodwalls perform like levees except they are vertical-sided structures that require less surface area for construction. Floodwalls are constructed of steel sheet pile or reinforced concrete, which makes the expense of installation cost prohibitive in many circumstances. Floodwalls also can degrade adjacent habitat and can displace erosive energy to unprotected areas of shoreline downstream.

Reservoirs and Detention
Reservoirs reduce flooding by temporarily storing flood waters behind dams or in storage or detention basins. Reservoirs lower flood heights by holding back, or detaining, runoff before it can flow downstream.

Flood waters are detained until the flood has subsided, and then the water in the reservoir or detention basin is released or pumped out slowly at a rate that the river can accommodate downstream.

Packet Page No. 1338
Tri-City C-90
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Reservoirs can be dry and remain idle until a large rain event occurs. Or they may be designed so that a lake or pond is created. The lake may provide recreational benefits or water supply (which could also help mitigate a drought).

Flood control reservoirs are most commonly built for one of two purposes. Large reservoirs are constructed to protect property from existing flood problems. Smaller reservoirs, or detention basins, are built to protect property from the stormwater runoff impacts of new development.

Figure C-12 Retention Pond
Regardless of size, reservoirs protect the development that is downstream from the reservoir site. Unlike levees and channel modifications, they do not have to be built close to or disrupt the area to be protected.

Reservoirs are most efficient in deeper valleys where there is more room to store water, or on smaller rivers where there is less water to be stored.

In urban areas, some reservoirs are simply manmade holes, excavated to store floodwaters. Reservoirs in urban areas are typically constructed adjacent to streams (though usually outside of the floodplain). When built in the ground, there is no dam for these retention and detention basins and no dam failure hazard. Wet or dry basins can also serve multiple uses by doubling as parks or other open space uses.

There are several considerations when evaluating the use of reservoirs and detention:
➢ There is the threat of flooding the protected area should the reservoir's dam fail, ➢ There is a constant expense for the management and maintenance of the facility, ➢ They may fail to prevent floods that exceed their design levels, ➢ Sediment deposition may occur and reduce the storage capacity over time, ➢ They can impact water quality as they are known to affect temperature, dissolved oxygen and nitrogen, and nutrient levels, and
➢ If not designed correctly, in-stream reservoirs may cause backwater flooding problems upstream Retention pond
Packet Page No. 1339
Tri-City C-91
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Diversion
A diversion is a new channel that sends floodwaters to a different location, thereby reducing flooding along an existing watercourse. Diversions can be surface channels, overflow weirs, or tunnels. During normal flows, the water stays in the old channel. During floods, the floodwaters spill over to the diversion channel or tunnel, which carries the excess water to a receiving lake or river.

Figure C-13 Diversion
Diversions are limited by topography; they will not work in some areas. Unless the receiving water body is relatively close to the floodprone stream and the land in between is low and vacant, the cost of creating a diversion can be prohibitive.

Dredging
Dredging is often viewed as a form of conveyance improvement. However, it has the following problems:
➢ Given the large volume of water that comes downstream during a flood, removing a foot or two from the bottom of the channel will have little effect on flood heights. ➢ Dredging is often cost prohibitive because the dredged material must be disposed of somewhere. ➢ Unless in-stream or tributary erosion is corrected upstream, the dredged areas usually fill back in within a few years, and the process and the expense have to be repeated. ➢ If the channel has not been disturbed for many years, dredging will destroy the habitat that has developed.

Packet Page No. 1340
Tri-City C-92
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Figure C-14 Dredging Activity
To protect the natural values of the stream, federal law requires a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit before dredging can proceed. This can be a lengthy process that requires a lot of advance planning and many safeguards to protect habitats, which adds to the cost of the project.

CRS Credit
Structural flood control projects that provide flood protection against the 1% annual chance flood and that result in revisions to the Flood Insurance Rate Map are not credited by the CRS in order to avoid duplicating the larger premium reduction provided by removing properties from the mapped floodplain.

The CRS credits smaller flood control projects that meet the following criteria:
➢ They must provide protection to at least the 25-year flood, ➢ They must meet certain environmental protection criteria, ➢ They must meet federal, state and local regulations, such as the Corps of Engineers' 404 permit and California Division of Dam Safety for dam safety rules, and ➢ They must meet certain maintenance requirements.

These criteria ensure that credited projects are well-planned and permitted. Any of the measures reviewed in this section would be recognized under Activity 530 - Flood Protection, although it would be very hard to qualify a dredging project. Credit points are based on the type of project, how many buildings are protected, and the level of flood protection provided.

Local Implementation
Area of the Tri-City planning area are dependent on levees and other flood control structures to prevent flooding as previously described in this LHMP. Most of these are owned and maintained by the Alameda Packet Page No. 1341
Tri-City C-93
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (ACFCD). The ACFCD is also responsible for the implementation of new flood control facilities as well as improvements to existing facilities.

Conclusions and Recommendations
➢ The three cities, working closely with the ACFCD should continue to evaluate and implement flood control and drainage improvement project to reduce the potential from future flooding.

C.3.6. Public Information Measures
A successful hazard mitigation program involves both the public and private sectors. Public information activities advise property owners, renters, and businesses about hazards and ways to protect people and property from these hazards. These activities can motivate people to take the steps necessary to protect themselves and others.

Information can bring about voluntary mitigation activities at little or no cost to the government. Property owners mitigated their flooding problems long before government funding programs existed. The typical approach to delivering information involves two levels of activity. The first is to broadcast a short and simple version of the message to everyone potentially affected. The second level provides more detailed information to those who respond and want to learn more.

This section starts with activities that reach out to people and tell them to be advised of the hazards and some of the things they can do. It then covers additional sources of information for those who want to learn more. It ends with a general public information strategy.

Outreach Projects
Outreach projects are the first step in the process of orienting property owners to the hazards they face and to the concept of property protection. They are designed to encourage people to seek out more information in order to take steps to protect themselves and their properties.

Research has shown that outreach projects work. However, awareness of the hazard is not enough; people need to be told what they can do about the hazard. Thus, projects should include information on safety, health and property protection measures. Research has also shown that a properly run local information program is more effective than national advertising or publicity campaigns. Therefore, outreach projects should be locally designed and tailored to meet local conditions.

Community newsletters/direct mailings: One of the more effective types of outreach projects include mailings or distributions to everyone in the community. In the case of floods, they may be sent only to floodplain property owners.

News media: Local newspapers can be strong allies in efforts to inform the public. Press releases and story ideas may be all that's needed to gain their interest. After a flood in another community, people and the media become interested in their flood hazard and how to protect themselves and their property. Local radio stations and cable TV channels can also help. These media offer interview formats and cable TV may be willing to broadcast videos on the hazards.

Packet Page No. 1342
Tri-City C-94
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Other approaches: Examples of other outreach projects include:
➢ Presentations at meetings of neighborhood, civic or business groups, ➢ Displays in public buildings or shopping malls,
➢ Signs in parks, along trails and on waterfronts that explain the natural features (such as the river) and their relation to the hazards (such as floods),
➢ Social Media broadcasts,
➢ Brochures available in municipal buildings and libraries, and ➢ Special meetings, workshops and seminars.

Local Implementation
The City of Fremont maintains a flood information website that provides information on their flood management program. The cities of Newark and Union City have websites that include information on flood awareness and preparedness. Flood materials are also included a local libraries.

CRS Credit
The Community Rating System provides credit for outreach projects which cover six flood-related topics.

Credit is also available for producing flood response materials. Another way to achieve credit for outreach is for producing a PPI. A 40% bonus is applied to outreach credits which are included in a PPI.

Real Estate Disclosure
Many times after a flood or other natural disaster, people say they would have taken steps to protect themselves if they had known they had purchased a property exposed to a hazard. There are some federal and state requirements about such disclosures, but they have their limits.

Federal law: Federally regulated lending institutions must advise applicants for a mortgage or other loan that is to be secured by an insurable building whether the property is in a floodplain as shown on the Flood Insurance Rate Map. If so, flood insurance is required for buildings located within the floodplain if the mortgage or loan is federally insured. However, because this requirement has to be met only 10 days before closing, the applicant is often already committed to purchasing the property when he or she first learns of the flood hazard.

State law: State laws set standards for real estate sales and licensing of agents and brokers.

Local Implementation
The State of California regulations require the disclosure of flood hazards. The City of Fremont anticipates to receive 15 CRS credits for this Activity.

CRS Credit
Communities in areas that have additional disclosure requirements are eligible for five points under the "Other disclosure requirements" as well as 10 points for the "Disclosure of other hazards." Packet Page No. 1343
Tri-City C-95
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Libraries and Websites
The two previous activities tell people that they are exposed to a hazard. The next step is to provide information to those who want to know more. The community library and local websites are obvious places for residents to seek information on hazards, hazard protection, and protecting natural resources.

Books and pamphlets on hazard mitigation can be given to libraries, and many of these can be obtained for free from state and federal agencies. Libraries also have their own public information campaigns with displays, lectures and other projects, which can augment the activities of the local government. Today, websites are commonly used as research tools. They provide fast access to a wealth of public and private sites for information. Through links to other websites, there is almost no limit to the amount of up to date information that can be accessed on the Internet.

In addition to online floodplain maps, websites can link to information for homeowners on how to retrofit for tornadoes and floods or a website about floods for children. The "FEMA for Kids" website teaches children how to protect their home and what to have in a family disaster kit.

Local Implementation
The City of Fremont provides a variety of flood materials placed in the reference section of the Alameda County Fremont main library.

CRS Credit
The Community Rating System provides credit for having a variety of flood references in the local public library and additional credits for similar material included on municipal websites (Activity 350 - Flood Protection Information).

Technical Assistance
Hazard Information
Many benefits stem from providing map information to inquirers. Residents and business owners that are aware of the potential hazards can take steps to avoid problems or reduce their exposure to flooding. Real estate agents and house hunters can find out if a property is floodprone and whether flood insurance may be required.

Communities can easily provide map information from FEMA's DFIRMs and Flood Insurance Studies.

They may also assist residents in submitting requests for map amendments and revisions when they are needed to show that a building is located outside the mapped floodplain.

Some communities supplement what is shown on the DFIRM with information on additional hazards, flooding outside mapped areas and zoning. When the map information is provided, community staff can explain insurance, property protection measures and mitigation options that are available to property owners. They should also remind inquirers that being outside the mapped floodplain is no guarantee that a property will never get wet.

Packet Page No. 1344
Tri-City C-96
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Property Protection Assistance
While general information provided by outreach projects or the library is beneficial, most property owners do not feel ready to retrofit their buildings without more specific guidance. Local building department staffs are experts in construction. They can provide free advice, not necessarily to design a protection measure, but to steer the owner onto the right track:
➢ Building or public works department staffs can provide the following types of assistance:
➢ Visit properties and offer protection suggestions,
➢ Recommend or identify qualified or licensed contractors, ➢ Inspect homes for anchoring of roofing and the home to the foundation, ➢ Provide advice on protecting windows and garage doors from high winds, and ➢ Explain when building permits are needed for home improvements.

There is a concern that a local official might provide the wrong information and the community would be sued if a project failed. To counter this, there are guidelines for local programs and training on how to identify the right measures. FEMA conducts a free week-long course at its Emergency Management Institute on property protection measures for flooding. FEMA and the Corps of Engineers periodically conduct one- or two-day retrofitting workshops.

Local Implementation
FEMA floodplain maps are available on local websites for the City of Fremont. Fremont also respond to requests on whether a property is located in a Special Flood Hazard Area. Fremont also maintain elevation certificates for many existing home within or near the SFHA. The cities of Newark and Union City provide links on their websites to FEMA flood maps.

CRS Credit
The Community Rating System provides points for providing map information to inquirers. Points are available for providing one-on-one flood protection assistance to residents and businesses and for making site visits. Both services must be publicized.

Public Information Program Strategy
A public information program strategy is a document that receives CRS credit. It is a review of local conditions, local public information needs, and a recommended plan of activities. A strategy consists of the following parts, which are incorporated into this plan:
➢ The local flood hazard (discussed in Chapter 4)
➢ The property protection measures appropriate for the flood hazard (discussed in Chapters 4 and 5) ➢ Flood safety measures appropriate for the local situation (discussed in Chapters 4 and 5) ➢ The public information activities currently being implemented within the community, including those being carried out by non-government agencies (discussed in Chapter 4 and jurisdictional annexes) ➢ Goals for the community's public information program (discussed in Chapters 4 and 5) ➢ The outreach projects that will be done each year to reach the goals (discussed in Chapters 4 and 5) ➢ The process that will be followed to monitor and evaluate the projects (discussed in Chapter 7) Packet Page No. 1345
Tri-City C-97
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Figure C-15 illustrates several flood safety tips that can be used in an outreach campaign to better inform the public of the hazards associated with flooding.

Figure C-15 Flood Safety Tips for Outreach Campaign
CRS Credit
The CRS provides up to 350 points for a Program for Public Information (PPI).

Conclusions and Recommendations
➢ There are many ways that public information can be used so that people and businesses will be more aware of the hazards they face and how they can protect themselves. ➢ Libraries and websites are currently being used as public information tools for the three cities. ➢ The most important topics to cover in public information activities are:

Flood Safety
Pay attention to evacuation orders. Listen to local radio or TV stations for forecasts and emergency warnings.

Know about evacuation routes and nearby shelters and have plans for all family members on how to evacuate and where to meet if you’re split up during an emergency.

Do not drive through a flooded area. During a flood, more people drown in their cars than anywhere else.

Don’t drive around road barriers; the road or bridge may be washed out.

Do not walk through flowing water. Flash flooding is the leading cause of weather-related deaths in the U.S.

Currents can be deceptive; 6 inches of moving water can knock you off your feet in a strong current. If you walk in standing water, use a stick to help you locate the ground.

Stay away from power lines and electrical wires. Electrical currents can travel through water. Report downed power lines to the police or sheriff by calling 911.

Have the power company turn off your electricity. Some appliances, like TV sets, keep electrical charges even after they’ve been unplugged. Don’t use appliances or motors that have gotten wet unless they have been taken apart, cleaned and dried.

Look before you step. After a flood, the ground and floors are covered with debris like broken bottles and nails. Floors and stairs that are covered with mud can also be slippery.

Be alert for gas leaks. Use a flashlight to inspect damage. Don’t smoke or use candles, lanterns, or open flames unless you know the gas has been shut off and the area has been ventilated.

Look out for animals that may have been flooded out of their homes and who may seek shelter in yours. Use a pole or stick to turn things over and scare away small animals.

Look before you step. After a flood, the ground and floors are covered with debris. Floors and stairs that have been covered with mud will be very slippery.

Carbon monoxide exhaust kills. Use a generator or other gasoline-powered machine outdoors. The same goes for camping stoves. Charcoal fumes are especially deadly – cook with charcoal outdoors.

Clean everything that got wet in the flood. Floodwaters have picked up sewage and chemicals from roads, farms, factories, and storage buildings. Spoiled food, and flooded cosmetics and medicines can be health hazards. When in doubt, throw it out.

Take care of yourself. Recovering from a flood is a big job. It is tough on both the body and the spirit and the effects a disaster has on you and your family may last a long time.

Packet Page No. 1346
Tri-City C-98
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
✓ Safety precautions for all types of hazards, but especially floods, earthquakes, thunder storms, winter storms, wildfires, and tornadoes.
✓ Knowing where emergency evacuation shelters are located. ✓ Flood protection measures, including rules for new construction and insurance. ✓ Keeping drainage ways clear and protection from local drainage problems. ✓ Family and emergency preparedness measures.
✓ What the cities are doing and sources of assistance.
✓ Protecting water quality and wetlands and the benefits of open space. ➢ The most appropriate ways to spread this information are:
✓ Websites and social media
✓ Mailings to everyone, in utility bills or otherwise
✓ News releases or newspaper articles
✓ Newsletters
✓ Displays, particularly at special events
✓ Handouts, flyers and other materials, which can be distributed at special events and presentations ➢ City staff should continue to reach out to residents, civic organizations and other organizations to help spread the word about flood hazards, flood protection, and safety measures.

Packet Page No. 1347
Tri-City D-1
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Appendix D Adoption Resolution
Note to Reviewers: When this plan has been reviewed and approved pending adoption by FEMA Region IX, the adoption resolutions will be signed by each participating jurisdiction and added to this appendix. A model resolution is provided below. For the three incorporated communities this adoption resolution also includes compliance with AB 2140 requiring adoption by reference or incorporation into the Safety Element of the General Plan.

Two resolutions were created – one for the three incorporated communities and one for the two Special Districts.

Sample Incorporated Community Adoption Resolution
(LOCAL GOVERNMENT: City)
RESOLUTION NO.

A RESOLUTION OF (LOCAL GOVERNMENT) ADOPTING THE (TITLE AND DATE OF MITIGATION PLAN).

WHEREAS the (local governing body) recognizes the threat that natural hazards pose to people and property within (local government); and
WHEREAS the (local government) has prepared a multi-hazard mitigation plan, hereby known as (title and date of mitigation plan) in accordance with federal laws, including the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended; the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended; and the National Dam Safety Program Act, as amended; and WHEREAS (title and date of mitigation plan) identifies mitigation goals and actions to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property in (local government) from the impacts of future hazards and disasters; and
WHEREAS adoption by the (local governing body) demonstrates its commitment to hazard mitigation and achieving the goals outlined in the (title and date of mitigation plan).

WHEREAS, the (local governing body) seeking FEMA approval of hazard mitigation plan desires to comply with the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act and to augment its emergency planning efforts by formally adopting the (title and date of mitigation plan) by reference into the Safety Element of the General Plan in accordance with the requirements of AB 2140; and NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE (LOCAL GOVERNMENT), (STATE), THAT:

In accordance with (local rule for adopting resolutions), the (local governing body) adopts the (title and date of mitigation plan). While content related to (local government) may require revisions to meet the plan approval requirements, changes occurring after adoption will not require (local government) to rePacket Page No. 1348 Tri-City D-2
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
adopt any further iterations of the plan. Subsequent plan updates following the approval period for this plan will require separate adoption resolutions.

BE IT RESOLVED, that the (Name of Government/District/Organization seeking FEMA approval of hazard mitigation plan) adopts the (title and date of mitigation plan) by reference into the safety element of their general plan in accordance with the requirements of AB 2140; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, the (local governing body) will submit this adoption resolution to the California Office of Emergency Services and FEMA Region IX officials to enable the plan’s final approval in accordance with the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 and to establish conformance with the requirement of AB 2140.

ADOPTED by a vote of ____ in favor and ____ against, and ____ abstaining, this _____ day of ___________, ______.

A RESOLUTION OF (LOCAL GOVERNMENT) ADOPTING THE (TITLE AND DATE OF MITIGATION PLAN).

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE (LOCAL GOVERNMENT), (STATE), THAT:

In accordance with (local rule for adopting resolutions), the (local governing body) adopts the (title and date of mitigation plan). While content related to (local government) may require revisions to meet the plan approval requirements, changes occurring after adoption will not require (local government) to readopt any further iterations of the plan. Subsequent plan updates following the approval period for this plan will require separate adoption resolutions.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, the (local governing body) will submit this adoption resolution to the California Office of Emergency Services and FEMA Region IX officials to enable the plan’s final approval in accordance with the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000.

ADOPTED by a vote of ____ in favor and ____ against, and ____ abstaining, this _____ day of ___________, ______.

By: _________________________________ (print name)
ATTEST: By: _________________________________ (print name) APPROVED AS TO FORM: By: _________________________________ (print name) Packet Page No. 1350
Tri-City E-1
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Appendix E Threatened and Endangered Species
Table E–1 Special Status Species in Tri-City Areas of Alameda County Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status State Status CDFW Status
CA Rare
Plant Rank
Animals – Amphibians
Ambystoma californiense pop. 1 California tiger salamander – central California DPS
Threatened Threatened WL –
Rana boylii foothill yellow–legged frog None Endangered SSC – Rana draytonii California red–legged frog Threatened None SSC – Animals – Birds
Accipiter cooperii Cooper's hawk None None WL –
Accipiter striatus sharp–shinned hawk None None WL –
Aquila chrysaetos golden eagle None None FP WL –
Buteo regalis ferruginous hawk None None WL –
Buteo swainsoni Swainson's hawk None Threatened – –
Circus hudsonius northern harrier None None SSC –
Elanus leucurus white–tailed kite None None FP –
Haliaeetus leucocephalus bald eagle Delisted Endangered FP – Eremophila alpestris actia California horned lark None None WL – Anser albifrons elgasi tule greater white–fronted
goose
None None SSC –
Branta hutchinsii leucopareia cackling (=Aleutian Canada) goose
Delisted None WL –
Bucephala islandica Barrow's goldeneye None None SSC –
Ardea alba great egret None None – –
Ardea herodias great blue heron None None – –
Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern None None – –
Egretta thula snowy egret None None – –
Nycticorax nycticorax black–crowned night heron None None – – Charadrius montanus mountain plover None None SSC –
Charadrius nivosus nivosus western snowy plover Threatened None SSC – Falco columbarius merlin None None WL –
Falco mexicanus prairie falcon None None WL –
Falco peregrinus anatum American peregrine falcon Delisted Delisted FP – Spinus lawrencei Lawrence's goldfinch None None – –
Antigone canadensis tabida greater sandhill crane None Threatened FP – Packet Page No. 1351
Tri-City E-2
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status State Status CDFW Status
CA Rare
Plant Rank
Progne subis purple martin None None SSC –
Agelaius tricolor tricolored blackbird None Threatened SSC – Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus yellow–headed blackbird None None SSC – Icteria virens yellow–breasted chat None None SSC –
Lanius ludovicianus loggerhead shrike None None SSC –
Hydroprogne caspia Caspian tern None None – –
Sternula antillarum browni California least tern Endangered Endangered FP – Pandion haliaetus osprey None None WL –
Geothlypis trichas sinuosa saltmarsh common
yellowthroat
None None SSC –
Setophaga petechia yellow warbler None None SSC –
Ammodramus savannarum grasshopper sparrow None None SSC – Artemisiospiza belli belli Bell's sage sparrow None None WL – Melospiza melodia maxillaris Suisun song sparrow None None SSC – Melospiza melodia pop. 1 song sparrow (–inModesto–in
population)
None None SSC –
Melospiza melodia pusillula Alameda song sparrow None None SSC – Melospiza melodia samuelis San Pablo song sparrow None None SSC – Passerculus sandwichensis
alaudinus
Bryant's savannah sparrow None None SSC –
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos American white pelican None None SSC – Nannopterum auritum double–crested cormorant None None WL – Melanerpes lewis Lewis' woodpecker None None – –
Sphyrapicus ruber red–breasted sapsucker None None – –
Coturnicops noveboracensis yellow rail None None SSC –
Laterallus jamaicensis
coturniculus
California black rail None Threatened FP –
Rallus obsoletus obsoletus California Ridgway's rail Endangered Endangered FP – Numenius americanus long–billed curlew None None WL –
Asio flammeus short–eared owl None None SSC –
Asio otus long–eared owl None None SSC –
Athene cunicularia burrowing owl None None SSC –
Selasphorus rufus rufous hummingbird None None – –
Empidonax traillii willow flycatcher None Endangered – – Animals – Crustaceans
Branchinecta conservatio Conservancy fairy shrimp Endangered None – – Branchinecta longiantenna longhorn fairy shrimp Endangered None – – Branchinecta lynchi vernal pool fairy shrimp Threatened None – – Packet Page No. 1352
Tri-City E-3
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status State Status CDFW Status
CA Rare
Plant Rank
Branchinecta mesovallensis midvalley fairy shrimp None None – – Linderiella occidentalis California linderiella None None – – Lepidurus packardi vernal pool tadpole shrimp Endangered None – – Animals – Fish
Acipenser medirostris pop. 1 green sturgeon – southern
DPS
Threatened None – –
Acipenser transmontanus white sturgeon None None SSC –
Archoplites interruptus Sacramento perch None None SSC – Lavinia exilicauda exilicauda Sacramento hitch None None SSC – Mylopharodon conocephalus hardhead None None SSC
Pogonichthys macrolepidotus Sacramento splittail None None SSC Hysterocarpus traskii traskii Sacramento–San Joaquin tule perch
None None –
Hypomesus transpacificus Delta smelt Threatened Endangered – Spirinchus thaleichthys longfin smelt Candidate Threatened – Thaleichthys pacificus eulachon Threatened None –
Entosphenus tridentatus Pacific lamprey None None SSC – Lampetra ayresii western river lamprey None None SSC –
Oncorhynchus kisutch pop. 4 coho salmon – central
California coast ESU
Endangered Endangered – –
Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus
pop. 11
steelhead – Central Valley
DPS
Threatened None – –
Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus
pop. 8
steelhead – central California
coast DPS
Threatened None – –
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha pop.
11 chinook salmon – Central
Valley spring–run ESU
Threatened Threatened – –
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
pop. 13
chinook salmon – Central
Valley fall / late fall–run ESU
None None SSC –
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
pop. 7
chinook salmon – Sacramento
River winter–run ESU
Endangered Endangered – –
Animals – Insects
Andrena blennospermatis Blennosperma vernal pool
andrenid bee
None None – –
Perdita scitula antiochensis Antioch andrenid bee None None – – Anthicus antiochensis Antioch Dunes anthicid beetle None None – – Bombus caliginosus obscure bumble bee None None – –
Bombus crotchii Crotch bumble bee None None – –
Bombus occidentalis western bumble bee None None – –
Efferia antiochi Antioch efferian robberfly None None – – Packet Page No. 1353
Tri-City E-4
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status State Status CDFW Status
CA Rare
Plant Rank
Metapogon hurdi Hurd's metapogon robberfly None None – – Hygrotus curvipes curved–foot hygrotus diving
beetle
None None – –
Sphecodogastra antiochensis Antioch Dunes halcitid bee None None – – Lytta molesta molestan blister beetle None None – –
Myrmosula pacifica Antioch multilid wasp None None – –
Rhaphiomidas trochilus Valley mydas fly None None – –
Danaus plexippus pop. 1 monarch – California
overwintering population
Candidate None – –
Euphydryas editha bayensis Bay checkerspot butterfly Threatened None – – Speyeria callippe callippe callippe silverspot butterfly Endangered None – – Apodemia mormo langei Lange's metalmark butterfly Endangered None – – Eucerceris ruficeps redheaded sphecid wasp None None – – Philanthus nasalis Antioch specid wasp None None 0 –
Coelus gracilis San Joaquin dune beetle None None – –
Idiostatus middlekauffi Middlekauff's shieldback
katydid
None None – –
Animals – Mammals
Vulpes macrotis mutica San Joaquin kit fox Endangered Threatened – – Microtus californicus
sanpabloensis
San Pablo vole None None SSC –
Neotoma fuscipes annectens San Francisco dusky–footed
woodrat
None None SSC –
Reithrodontomys raviventris salt–marsh harvest mouse Endangered Endangered FP – Dipodomys heermanni
berkeleyensis
Berkeley kangaroo rat None None – –
Perognathus inornatus San Joaquin pocket mouse None None – – Nyctinomops macrotis big free–tailed bat None None SSC – Enhydra lutris nereis southern sea otter Threatened None FP – Taxidea taxus American badger None None SSC –
Sorex vagrans halicoetes salt–marsh wandering shrew None None SSC – Antrozous pallidus pallid bat None None SSC –
Corynorhinus townsendii Townsend's big–eared bat None None SSC – Lasionycteris noctivagans silver–haired bat None None – – Lasiurus blossevillii western red bat None None SSC –
Lasiurus cinereus hoary bat None None – –
Myotis ciliolabrum western small–footed myotis None None – – Myotis yumanensis Yuma myotis None None – –
Packet Page No. 1354
Tri-City E-5
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status State Status CDFW Status
CA Rare
Plant Rank
Animals – Mollusks
Helminthoglypta nickliniana
bridgesi
Bridges' coast range
shoulderband
None None – –
Pomatiopsis californica Pacific walker None None – –
Gonidea angulata western ridged mussel None None – –
Animals – Reptiles
Anniella pulchra Northern California legless
lizard
None None SSC –
Arizona elegans occidentalis California glossy snake None None SSC – Masticophis flagellum ruddocki San Joaquin coachwhip None None SSC – Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus Alameda whipsnake Threatened Threatened – – Emys marmorata western pond turtle None None SSC –
Thamnophis gigas giant gartersnake Threatened Threatened – Phrynosoma blainvillii coast horned lizard None None SSC – Community – Terrestrial
Alkali Meadow Alkali Meadow None None – –
Alkali Seep Alkali Seep None None – –
Cismontane Alkali Marsh Cismontane Alkali Marsh None None – – Coastal and Valley
Freshwater Marsh
Coastal and Valley Freshwater
Marsh
None None – –
Coastal Brackish Marsh Coastal Brackish Marsh None None – – Northern Claypan Vernal
Pool
Northern Claypan Vernal Pool None None – –
Northern Coastal Salt Marsh Northern Coastal Salt Marsh None None – – Northern Maritime
Chaparral
Northern Maritime Chaparral None None – –
Serpentine Bunchgrass Serpentine Bunchgrass None None – – Stabilized Interior Dunes Stabilized Interior Dunes None None – – Valley Needlegrass
Grassland
Valley Needlegrass Grassland None None – –
Valley Sink Scrub Valley Sink Scrub None None – –
Plants – Brophytes
Anomobryum julaceum slender silver moss None None – 4.2 Grimmia torenii Toren's grimmia None None – 1B.3
Triquetrella californica coastal triquetrella None None – 1B.2 Plants – Vascular
Cicuta maculata var. bolanderi Bolander's water–hemlock None None – 2B.1 Eryngium jepsonii Jepson's coyote–thistle None None – 1B.2 Packet Page No. 1355
Tri-City E-6
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status State Status CDFW Status
CA Rare
Plant Rank
Eryngium racemosum Delta button–celery None Endangered – 1B.1 Eryngium spinosepalum spiny–sepaled button–celery None None – 1B.2 Lilaeopsis masonii Mason's lilaeopsis None Rare – 1B.1
Sanicula saxatilis rock sanicle None Rare – 1B.2
Blepharizonia plumosa big tarplant None None – 1B.1
Centromadia parryi ssp.
congdonii
Congdon's tarplant None None – 1B.1
Cirsium andrewsii Franciscan thistle None None – 1B.2
Eriophyllum jepsonii Jepson's woolly sunflower None None – 4.3 Helianthella castanea Diablo helianthella None None – 1B.2 Hesperevax caulescens hogwallow starfish None None – 4.2 Holocarpha macradenia Santa Cruz tarplant Threatened Endangered – 1B.1 Isocoma arguta Carquinez goldenbush None None – 1B.1
Lasthenia conjugens Contra Costa goldfields Endangered None – 1B.1 Lasthenia ferrisiae Ferris' goldfields None None – 4.2
Madia radiata showy golden madia None None – 1B.1
Microseris sylvatica sylvan microseris None None – 4.2
Monolopia gracilens woodland woollythreads None None – 1B.2 Senecio aphanactis chaparral ragwort None None – 2B.2
Symphyotrichum lentum Suisun Marsh aster None None – 1B.2 Amsinckia grandiflora large–flowered fiddleneck Endangered Endangered – 1B.1 Amsinckia lunaris bent–flowered fiddleneck None None – 1B.2 Cryptantha hooveri Hoover's cryptantha None None – 1A
Arabis blepharophylla coast rockcress None None – 4.3
Erysimum capitatum var.
angustatum
Contra Costa wallflower Endangered Endangered – 1B.1
Streptanthus albidus ssp.
peramoenus
most beautiful jewelflower None None – 1B.2
Streptanthus hispidus Mt. Diablo jewelflower None None – 1B.3 Tropidocarpum capparideum caper–fruited tropidocarpum None None – 1B.1 Campanula exigua chaparral harebell None None – 1B.2
Viburnum ellipticum oval–leaved viburnum None None – 2B.3 Spergularia macrotheca var.
longistyla
long–styled sand–spurrey None None – 1B.2
Atriplex cordulata var. cordulata heartscale None None – 1B.2 Atriplex coronata var. coronata crownscale None None – 4.2 Atriplex depressa brittlescale None None – 1B.2
Extriplex joaquinana San Joaquin spearscale None None – 1B.2 Packet Page No. 1356
Tri-City E-7
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status State Status CDFW Status
CA Rare
Plant Rank
Suaeda californica California seablite Endangered None – 1B.1 Calystegia purpurata ssp.
saxicola
coastal bluff morning–glory None None – 1B.2
Convolvulus simulans small–flowered morning–glory None None – 4.2 Carex comosa bristly sedge None None – 2B.1
Eleocharis parvula small spikerush None None – 4.3
Arctostaphylos auriculata Mt. Diablo manzanita None None – 1B.3 Arctostaphylos manzanita ssp.
laevigata
Contra Costa manzanita None None – 1B.2
Arctostaphylos pallida pallid manzanita Threatened Endangered – 1B.1 Astragalus tener var. tener alkali milk–vetch None None – 1B.2 Hoita strobilina Loma Prieta hoita None None – 1B.1
Lathyrus jepsonii var. jepsonii Delta tule pea None None – 1B.2 Lupinus albifrons var. abramsii Abrams' lupine None None – 3.2 Trifolium hydrophilum saline clover None None – 1B.2
Phacelia phacelioides Mt. Diablo phacelia None None – 1B.2 Iris longipetala coast iris None None – 4.2
Juglans californica southern California black
walnut
None None – 4.2
Monardella antonina ssp.
antonina
San Antonio Hills monardella None None – 3
Scutellaria galericulata marsh skullcap None None – 2B.2 Calochortus pulchellus Mt. Diablo fairy–lantern None None – 1B.2 Calochortus umbellatus Oakland star–tulip None None – 4.2 Fritillaria agrestis stinkbells None None – 4.2
Fritillaria liliacea fragrant fritillary None None – 1B.2 Lilium rubescens redwood lily None None – 4.2
Hesperolinon breweri Brewer's western flax None None – 1B.2 Hibiscus lasiocarpos var.
occidentalis
woolly rose–mallow None None – 1B.2
Malacothamnus hallii Hall's bush–mallow None None – 1B.2 Calandrinia breweri Brewer's calandrinia None None – 4.2 Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii Antioch Dunes evening– primrose
Endangered Endangered – 1B.1
Piperia michaelii Michael's rein orchid None None – 4.2 Castilleja ambigua var. ambigua johnny–nip None None – 4.2 Chloropyron molle ssp. molle soft salty bird's–beak Endangered Rare – 1B.2 Cordylanthus nidularius Mt. Diablo bird's–beak None Rare – 1B.1 Packet Page No. 1357
Tri-City E-8
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Scientific Name Common Name Federal Status State Status CDFW Status
CA Rare
Plant Rank
Eschscholzia rhombipetala diamond–petaled California
poppy
None None – 1B.1
Meconella oregana Oregon meconella None None – 1B.1
Puccinellia simplex California alkali grass None None – 1B.2 Collomia diversifolia serpentine collomia None None – 4.3 Eriastrum ertterae Lime Ridge eriastrum None Candidate
Endangered
– 1B.1
Gilia millefoliata dark–eyed gilia None None – 1B.2
Leptosiphon ambiguus serpentine leptosiphon None None – 4.2 Leptosiphon grandiflorus large–flowered leptosiphon None None – 4.2 Navarretia gowenii Lime Ridge navarretia None None – 1B.1 Navarretia heterandra Tehama navarretia None None – 4.3 Navarretia nigelliformis ssp.
radians
shining navarretia None None – 1B.2
Eriogonum nudum var.
psychicola
Antioch Dunes buckwheat None None – 1B.1
Eriogonum truncatum Mt. Diablo buckwheat None None – 1B.1 Eriogonum umbellatum var.
bahiiforme
bay buckwheat None None – 4.2
Polygonum marinense Marin knotweed None None – 3.1
Potamogeton zosteriformis eel–grass pondweed None None – 2B.2 Stuckenia filiformis ssp. alpina northern slender pondweed None None – 2B.2 Androsace elongata ssp. acuta California androsace None None – 4.2 Delphinium californicum ssp.
interius
Hospital Canyon larkspur None None – 1B.2
Delphinium recurvatum recurved larkspur None None – 1B.2 Myosurus minimus ssp. apus little mousetail None None – 3.1 Ranunculus lobbii Lobb's aquatic buttercup None None – 4.2 Galium andrewsii ssp. gatense phlox–leaf serpentine
bedstraw
None None – 4.2
Limosella australis Delta mudwort None None – 2B.1
Dirca occidentalis western leatherwood None None – 1B.2 Sources: California Natural Diversity Database BIOS Viewer Tool Federal Status
Endangered: The classification provided to an animal or plant in danger of extinction within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

Threatened: The classification provided to an animal or plant which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

Proposed Endangered: The classification provided to an animal or plant that is proposed for federal listing as Endangered in the Federal Register under Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act.

Proposed Threatened: The classification provided to an animal or plant that is proposed for federal listing as Threatened in the Federal Register under Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act.

Packet Page No. 1358
Tri-City E-9
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Candidate: The classification provided to an animal or plant that has been studied by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Service has concluded that it should be proposed for addition to the Federal Endangered and Threatened species list.

None: The plant or animal has no federal status.

Delisted: The plant or animal was previously listed as Endangered or Threatened, but is no longer listed on the Federal Endangered and Threatened species list.

CDFW Status
FP: Fully Protected: This classification was the State of California's initial effort to identify and provide additional protection to those animals that were rare or faced possible extinction.

SSC: Species of Special Concern: To this end, the Department has designated certain vertebrate species as "Species of Special Concern" because declining population levels, limited ranges, and/or continuing threats have made them vulnerable to extinction.

The goal of designating species as "Species of Special Concern" is to halt or reverse their decline by calling attention to their plight and addressing the issues of concern early enough to secure their long–term viability.

WL: Watch List: Species that were previously designated as "Species of Special Concern" but no longer merit that status, or which do not yet meet SSC criteria, but for which there is concern and a need for additional information to clarify status.

CA Rare Plant Rank
1A: Plants presumed extinct in California and rare/extinct elsewhere 1B.1: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere; seriously threatened in California 1B.2: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere; fairly threatened in California 1B.3: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere; not very threatened in California 2A: Plants presumed extirpated in California, but more common elsewhere 2B.1: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere; seriously threatened in California 2B.2: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere; fairly threatened in California 2B.3: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere; not very threatened in California

3.1: Plants about which we need more information; seriously threatened in California

3.2: Plants about which we need more information; fairly threatened in California

3.3: Plants about which we need more information; not very threatened in California

4.1: Plants of limited distribution; seriously threatened in California

4.2: Plants of limited distribution; fairly threatened in California

4.3: Plants of limited distribution; not very threatened in California Packet Page No. 1359
Tri-City F-1
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Appendix F Critical Facilities
F.1 City of Fremont Critical Facilities
Location
Critical Facility CategoryCritical Facility Type
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Landslide ClassEarthquake LandslideLocal VHFSZFHSZDFRIM Flood ZoneSea Level Rise (tidal)Sea Level Rise (storm)Sea Level Rise 1 Meter (tidal) Sea Level Rise 1 meter (storm)Sea Level Rise 2 Meter (tidal)Sea Level Rise 2 meter (storm)James Turner Dam InundationDel Valle Dam Inundation AreaNew Calaveras Dam Inundation Fire Station 11 Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
Fire Station 5 Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Fire Station 7;
Storage Building
Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned

0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
New
Calave
ras
Fire Station 4 Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Very
Low
V X Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Fire Station 3 Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Very
High
VII Urban
Unzoned

0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
Fire Station 1 Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Fire Station 6 Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
Packet Page No. 1360
Tri
-CityF-2
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Location
Critical Facility CategoryCritical Facility Type
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Landslide ClassEarthquake LandslideLocal VHFSZFHSZDFRIM Flood ZoneSea Level Rise (tidal)Sea Level Rise (storm)Sea Level Rise 1 Meter (tidal) Sea Level Rise 1 meter (storm)Sea Level Rise 2 Meter (tidal)Sea Level Rise 2 meter (storm)James Turner Dam InundationDel Valle Dam Inundation AreaNew Calaveras Dam Inundation Fire Station 6,
Storage Building
Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
XX
Fire Station 9 Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned

0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
Fire Station 10 Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
High0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
XX
Fire Station 10;
Storage Building
Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
High0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
XX
Fire Station 8 Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
High0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
Fire Station 2 Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate0 Moderate Other
Areas
X
Fire Station 7 Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned

0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
X
Maintenance Center
Administration
Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Ohlone College -
Campus Police;
Building 20
Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Low VIIX High 0.2%
Annual
Chance
Packet Page No. 1361
Tri
-CityF-3
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Location
Critical Facility CategoryCritical Facility Type
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Landslide ClassEarthquake LandslideLocal VHFSZFHSZDFRIM Flood ZoneSea Level Rise (tidal)Sea Level Rise (storm)Sea Level Rise 1 Meter (tidal) Sea Level Rise 1 meter (storm)Sea Level Rise 2 Meter (tidal)Sea Level Rise 2 meter (storm)James Turner Dam InundationDel Valle Dam Inundation AreaNew Calaveras Dam Inundation Flood
Hazard
Police Department
Fueling Station
Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
XX
Jail/Evidence
Warehouse
Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
X
Police Department
Ancillary Building
Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
Police Motorcycle
Storage
Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
Police Department Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
Packet Page No. 1362
Tri
-CityF-4
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Location
Critical Facility CategoryCritical Facility Type
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Landslide ClassEarthquake LandslideLocal VHFSZFHSZDFRIM Flood ZoneSea Level Rise (tidal)Sea Level Rise (storm)Sea Level Rise 1 Meter (tidal) Sea Level Rise 1 meter (storm)Sea Level Rise 2 Meter (tidal)Sea Level Rise 2 meter (storm)James Turner Dam InundationDel Valle Dam Inundation AreaNew Calaveras Dam Inundation FAA Air Route
Traffic Control
Center
Critical
Facility
Essential
Services
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Kaiser Foundation
Hospital - Fremont
Critical
Facility
Hospital
Building
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
Morris Hyman
Critical Care Pavilion
Critical
Facility
Hospital
Building
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Tri-City Animal
Shelter
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
X
District Office Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned

0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
Ohlone College -
Administration
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
LowVX High 0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
Fremont Hall of
Justice
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
XX
Administrative
Center Bldg "B"
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1363
Tri
-CityF-5
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Location
Critical Facility CategoryCritical Facility Type
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Landslide ClassEarthquake LandslideLocal VHFSZFHSZDFRIM Flood ZoneSea Level Rise (tidal)Sea Level Rise (storm)Sea Level Rise 1 Meter (tidal) Sea Level Rise 1 meter (storm)Sea Level Rise 2 Meter (tidal)Sea Level Rise 2 meter (storm)James Turner Dam InundationDel Valle Dam Inundation AreaNew Calaveras Dam Inundation Development Center Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Headquarters Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Fremont Main
Library
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Ohlone College -
Facilities Department
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Very
Low
VIIX High Other
Areas
Lila Bringhurst
Elementary School
(Multi-Purpose
Room)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 High Other
Areas
Irvington Senior
High School (Gym)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Irvington Senior
High School
(Cafeteria)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Horner Junior High
School (Bldg B -
Multi-Purpose Room
and Kitchen)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Ohlone College -
Fremont Campus
(Gym)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
LowXX High 0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
Packet Page No. 1364
Tri
-CityF-6
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Location
Critical Facility CategoryCritical Facility Type
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Landslide ClassEarthquake LandslideLocal VHFSZFHSZDFRIM Flood ZoneSea Level Rise (tidal)Sea Level Rise (storm)Sea Level Rise 1 Meter (tidal) Sea Level Rise 1 meter (storm)Sea Level Rise 2 Meter (tidal)Sea Level Rise 2 meter (storm)James Turner Dam InundationDel Valle Dam Inundation AreaNew Calaveras Dam Inundation Kennedy Senior High
School (Main Gym)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Kennedy Senior High
School (Cafeteria)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Ohlone College -
Fremont Campus
(Cafeteria)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
LowVX High 0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
Walters Junior High
School (Multi-
Purpose Room)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Mission San Jose
Senior High School
(Main Gym)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Mission San Jose
Senior High School
(Cafeteria)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Hopkins Junior High
School (Multi-
Purpose Room)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Washington Senior
High School (Main
Gym)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1365
Tri
-CityF-7
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Location
Critical Facility CategoryCritical Facility Type
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Landslide ClassEarthquake LandslideLocal VHFSZFHSZDFRIM Flood ZoneSea Level Rise (tidal)Sea Level Rise (storm)Sea Level Rise 1 Meter (tidal) Sea Level Rise 1 meter (storm)Sea Level Rise 2 Meter (tidal)Sea Level Rise 2 meter (storm)James Turner Dam InundationDel Valle Dam Inundation AreaNew Calaveras Dam Inundation Washington Senior
High School
(Auxillary Gym)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Washington Senior
High School
(Cafeteria)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Centerville Junior
High School (Multi-
Use Room)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
XX
Thornton Junior
High School (Gym)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
American High
School (Rotunda)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
High0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
American High
School (Gym)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
High0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
American High
School (Cafeteria)
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
High0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas

AGE WELL
CENTER AT S.

FREMONT
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Warm Springs
Community Center
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Irvington
Community Center
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1366
Tri
-CityF-8
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Location
Critical Facility CategoryCritical Facility Type
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Landslide ClassEarthquake LandslideLocal VHFSZFHSZDFRIM Flood ZoneSea Level Rise (tidal)Sea Level Rise (storm)Sea Level Rise 1 Meter (tidal) Sea Level Rise 1 meter (storm)Sea Level Rise 2 Meter (tidal)Sea Level Rise 2 meter (storm)James Turner Dam InundationDel Valle Dam Inundation AreaNew Calaveras Dam Inundation Age Well Center At
Lake Elizabeth
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Low0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Centerville Park
Community Center
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Los Cerritos
Community Center
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
High0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
Downtown Event
Center
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
Administrative
Center Bldg "A"
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Fire Tactical Training
Center
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 High 1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
XXXX
Fire Tactical Training
Tower
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 High 1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
XXXX
Bay Area Community
Services - South
County Wellness
Center
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Irvington Dave
Vision Clinic
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1367
Tri
-CityF-9
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Location
Critical Facility CategoryCritical Facility Type
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Landslide ClassEarthquake LandslideLocal VHFSZFHSZDFRIM Flood ZoneSea Level Rise (tidal)Sea Level Rise (storm)Sea Level Rise 1 Meter (tidal) Sea Level Rise 1 meter (storm)Sea Level Rise 2 Meter (tidal)Sea Level Rise 2 meter (storm)James Turner Dam InundationDel Valle Dam Inundation AreaNew Calaveras Dam Inundation Main Street Village
Clinic
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Irvington Dave
Clinic
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Liberty Clinic Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
Family Resource
Center #2
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
Family Resource
Center #1
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Tri-City Volunteers
Food Bank & Mobile
Pantry
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
Mowry Iii Clinic Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
XX
Mowry Ii Clinic Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
Martha Avenue
Dental Clinic
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
Corporation Yard Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned

0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
X
Packet Page No. 1368
Tri
-CityF-10
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Location
Critical Facility CategoryCritical Facility Type
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Landslide ClassEarthquake LandslideLocal VHFSZFHSZDFRIM Flood ZoneSea Level Rise (tidal)Sea Level Rise (storm)Sea Level Rise 1 Meter (tidal) Sea Level Rise 1 meter (storm)Sea Level Rise 2 Meter (tidal)Sea Level Rise 2 meter (storm)James Turner Dam InundationDel Valle Dam Inundation AreaNew Calaveras Dam Inundation Maintenance Center
Equipment
Enclosure
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Maintenance Center
Fueling Station
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Maintenance Center
Materials Storage
Building
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Maintenance Center
Roll Off Shelter
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Maintenance Center
Shops
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Maintenance Center
Vehicle Maintenance
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Maintenance Center
Wash Rack
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Maintenance Center
Warehouse
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Central Park Service
Center
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
XX
Caltrans Fremont
Maintenance Station
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
PG&E - Dixon
Landing Substation
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate0 Urban
Unzoned
1%
Annual
Chance
X
Packet Page No. 1369
Tri-City F-11
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Location
Critical Facility CategoryCritical Facility Type
Liquefaction Susceptibility
Landslide ClassEarthquake LandslideLocal VHFSZFHSZDFRIM Flood ZoneSea Level Rise (tidal)Sea Level Rise (storm)Sea Level Rise 1 Meter (tidal) Sea Level Rise 1 meter (storm)Sea Level Rise 2 Meter (tidal)Sea Level Rise 2 meter (storm)James Turner Dam InundationDel Valle Dam Inundation AreaNew Calaveras Dam Inundation Flood
Hazard
PG&E - Newark
District Substation
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate 0 High Other
Areas
X X X
PG&E - Newark
Substation
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate 0 High Other
Areas
PG&E - Fremont
Materials
Distribution Facility
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate 0 High 1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
PG&E - Fremont
Service Center
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
PG&E - Irvington
Gas Terminal
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
PG&E - Fremont
Substation
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Low VII Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
PG&E - Dumbarton
Substation
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
PG&E - Sunol
Substation
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate IX X Moderate Other
Areas
X X
PG&E - Jarvis
Substation
Critical
Facility
Public
Facility
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Source: Cal OES/DSOD, CoSMoS, CGS, USGS/CGS, FEMA 12/21/2018 DFIRM, CAL FIRE, City of Fremont Packet Page No. 1370
Tri
-CityF-12
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Packet Page No. 1371
Tri-City F-13
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
F.2 City of Newark Critical Facilities
Object
Id
Critical
Facility
Category
Critical
Facility Type
Name Sea
Level
Rise 2
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
meter
(storm)
Liquefaction Landslide
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
44 Essential
Services
Bridge Lake Shore Park
Bridge
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
2 Essential
Services
City Facility Silliman Center Moderate 0 High Other
Areas
13 Essential
Services
City Facility Clark W. Redeker
Senior Center
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
14 Essential
Services
City Facility Newark Service
Center
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
22 Essential
Services
City Facility Newark Pavilion Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
27 Essential
Services
City Facility City Hall Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
29 Essential
Services
City Facility Newark Library Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
39 Essential
Services
City Facility Newark Community
Center
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
8 Essential
Services
Fire Station Fire Station #27 Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
21 Essential
Services
Fire Station Fire Station #28 Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
33 Essential
Services
Fire Station Fire Station #29 Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
7 Essential
Services
Hospital AFC Urgent Care
Newark
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
24 Essential
Services
Hospital Washington Township
Medical
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1372
Tri-City F-14
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Object
Id
Critical
Facility
Category
Critical
Facility Type
Name Sea
Level
Rise 2
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
meter
(storm)
Liquefaction Landslide
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
26 Essential
Services
Hospital Newark Health Center Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
25 Essential
Services
Police Station Newark Police Station Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
9 Hazardous
Materials
Chemical
Facility
Cargill Salt Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
15 Hazardous
Materials
Chemical
Facility
US Air Supply Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
17 Hazardous
Materials
Chemical
Facility
Matheson Tri-Gas Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
6 Hazardous
Materials
Distribution
Center
FedEx Ground
Facility
X X Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
16 Hazardous
Materials
Gas Facility Ferrellgas Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
5 Hazardous
Materials
Paper Facility Economic Packing &
Clean Room Supplies
X Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned

0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
3 High Risk
Occupancy
Day Care City Day Care -
Silliman Center
Moderate 0 High Other
Areas
12 High Risk
Occupancy
Day Care Newark Challenger
School
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned

0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
18 High Risk
Occupancy
Day Care Kidango Schilling
Center
X Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
34 High Risk
Occupancy
Day Care Newark Challenger
School
High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1373
Tri-City F-15
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Object
Id
Critical
Facility
Category
Critical
Facility Type
Name Sea
Level
Rise 2
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
meter
(storm)
Liquefaction Landslide
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
36 High Risk
Occupancy
Day Care Bumblebee Playspace High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
38 High Risk
Occupancy
Day Care City Day Care -
Newark Community
Center
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
42 High Risk
Occupancy
Day Care Montessori School Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
1 High Risk
Occupancy
School Ohlone College Moderate 0 High 0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
New
Calaveras
4 High Risk
Occupancy
School STELLER

ACADEMY FOR

DYSLEXICS
Moderate 0 High 0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
X X
10 High Risk
Occupancy
School Newark Memorial
High School
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
11 High Risk
Occupancy
School Challenger School
Newark
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned

0.2%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
19 High Risk
Occupancy
School SCHILLING

ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL
X Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
20 High Risk
Occupancy
School Birch Grove Primary
School
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1374
Tri-City F-16
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Object
Id
Critical
Facility
Category
Critical
Facility Type
Name Sea
Level
Rise 2
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
meter
(storm)
Liquefaction Landslide
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
23 High Risk
Occupancy
School BIRCH GROVE

INTERMEDIATE
SCHOOL
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
28 High Risk
Occupancy
School Lincoln Elementary
School
X Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
30 High Risk
Occupancy
School ST. EDWARDS

CATHOLIC
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
31 High Risk
Occupancy
School Coyote Hills
Elementary School
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
32 High Risk
Occupancy
School Newark Junior High
School
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
35 High Risk
Occupancy
School Challenger School
Ardenwood
High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
37 High Risk
Occupancy
School ADULT CAREER

AND EDUCATION
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
40 High Risk
Occupancy
School Crosspoint
Independent Study
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
41 High Risk
Occupancy
School Bridgepoint High
School
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
43 High Risk
Occupancy
School Kennedy Elementary
School
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
James H
Turner
New
Calaveras
Source: Cal OES/DSOD, CoSMoS, CGS, USGS/CGS, FEMA 12/21/2018 DFIRM, CAL FIRE, City of Newark Packet Page No. 1375
Tri-City F-17
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
F.3 City of Union City Critical Facilities
Object
ID
Critical
Facility Type
Critical
Facility
Category
Name Sea
Level
Rise 1
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise
21meter
(storm)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
meter
(storm)
Liquefaction
Zone
Landslide
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Inundation
Tsunami
Inundation
2 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Delaine
Eastin
Elementary
X High 0 Urban
Unzoned
1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
3 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Pioneer
Elementary
X X X High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
5 City
Hall/Police
Station
Essential
Services
Infrastructure
City Hall
and Police
Station
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
6 Center/Facility High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Ralph and
Mary
Ruggieri
Senior
Center
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
9 Center/Facility High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Kennedy
Center
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
10 Center/Facility High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Holly
Community
Center
X X Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
12 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
James Logan
High
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
13 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Cesar
Chavez
Middle
Very High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
Packet Page No. 1376
Tri-City F-18
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Object
ID
Critical
Facility Type
Critical
Facility
Category
Name Sea
Level
Rise 1
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise
21meter
(storm)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
meter
(storm)
Liquefaction
Zone
Landslide
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Inundation
Tsunami
Inundation
15 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Alvarado
Middle
X X X High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
17 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
New Haven
Corp Yard
X X High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
NX
18 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Searles
Elementary
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
19 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Alvarado
Elementary
X X X Very High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
21 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Kitayama
Elementary
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
22 Center/Facility High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Decoto
Resource
Center
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
23 Center/Facility High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Centro de
Servicios
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
24 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
New Haven
Adult
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
25 Police Station Essential
Services
Infrastructure
Union
Landing
Police
Substation
X Very High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
26 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Guy
Emanuele
Elementary
Moderate 0 High Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1377
Tri-City F-19
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Object
ID
Critical
Facility Type
Critical
Facility
Category
Name Sea
Level
Rise 1
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise
21meter
(storm)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
meter
(storm)
Liquefaction
Zone
Landslide
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Inundation
Tsunami
Inundation
27 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Cornerstone
College
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
28 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Mission
Hills Middle
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
31 Production
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
AK
Scientific
X X Moderate No Data Urban
Unzoned
1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
X X X
32 Production
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
American
Licorice Co.

Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
33 Storage
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Cold
Storage
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
34 Production
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Electrochem
Solutions
Inc.

Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
35 Production
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Emerald
Packaging
Inc.

Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
36 Production
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Enersys X Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
37 Production
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
GCM
Medical and
OEM
Division
Inc.

Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1378
Tri-City F-20
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Object
ID
Critical
Facility Type
Critical
Facility
Category
Name Sea
Level
Rise 1
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise
21meter
(storm)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
meter
(storm)
Liquefaction
Zone
Landslide
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Inundation
Tsunami
Inundation
38 Logistics
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Penske
Logistic
LLC
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
39 Storage
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Rangsons
Inc. DBA
Excelsior
Incense
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
40 Logistics
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Rich
Products
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
41 Logistics
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Southern
Glazers
Wine &
Spirits
Atlantic
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
42 Logistics
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Southern
Glazers
Wine &
Spirits
Dowe
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
43 Storage
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Union
Sanitary
District
Treatment
Plant
X X X X Very High 0 Urban
Unzoned
1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
X X
44 Production
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
United
States Pipe
& Foundry
Company
LLC
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1379
Tri-City F-21
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Object
ID
Critical
Facility Type
Critical
Facility
Category
Name Sea
Level
Rise 1
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise
21meter
(storm)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
meter
(storm)
Liquefaction
Zone
Landslide
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Inundation
Tsunami
Inundation
45 Logistics
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Weber
Logistics
X X X X Very High 0 Urban
Unzoned
1%
Annual
Chance
Flood
Hazard
46 Production
Facility
Hazardous
Materials
Infrastructure
Tenaya
Therapeutics
Inc.

Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
47 Police Station Essential
Services
Infrastructure
Union City
Police
Station
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
48 Police Station Essential
Services
Infrastructure
Union City
Police
Resource
Center
X X X Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
49 Fire Station Essential
Services
Infrastructure
Alameda
County Fire
Dept.

Station #31
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
50 Fire Station Essential
Services
Infrastructure
Alameda
County Fire
Dept.

Station #32
X X X High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
51 Fire Station Essential
Services
Infrastructure
Alameda
County Fire
Dept.

Station #33
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
52 EMS Station Essential
Services
Infrastructure
EMS
building
X High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1380
Tri-City F-22
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Object
ID
Critical
Facility Type
Critical
Facility
Category
Name Sea
Level
Rise 1
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise
21meter
(storm)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
meter
(storm)
Liquefaction
Zone
Landslide
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Inundation
Tsunami
Inundation
53 City Facility Essential
Services
Infrastructure
Union City
Library
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
54 City Facility Essential
Services
Infrastructure
Mark Green
Sports
Center
X X X X High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
55 City Facility Essential
Services
Infrastructure
Union City
Corporation
Yard
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
56 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Itliong-Vera
Cruz Middle
School
X X X High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
57 School High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Decoto
School for
Independent
Study
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
58 Day Care
Center
High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Little
People's
Preschool &
Daycare
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
59 Day Care
Center
High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Kennedy
Preschool
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
60 Day Care
Center
High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Kidango
Searles
Center
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
61 Day Care
Center
High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Kidango
Logan
Center
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
Packet Page No. 1381
Tri-City F-23
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Object
ID
Critical
Facility Type
Critical
Facility
Category
Name Sea
Level
Rise 1
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise
21meter
(storm)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
Meter
(tidal)
Sea
Level
Rise 2
meter
(storm)
Liquefaction
Zone
Landslide
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Inundation
Tsunami
Inundation
62 Day Care
Center
High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Genius Kids Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
63 Day Care
Center
High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Safari Kid High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X X
64 Day Care
Center
High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Adventure
Montessori
Academy
X X Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
65 Day Care
Center
High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Holly
Community
Center Day
Care
X X X High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
66 Senior Care
Facility
High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Acacia
Creek
Retierment
Community
Very Low 0 High Other
Areas
67 Senior Care
Facility
High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Pacifica
Senior
Living
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Other
Areas
X
68 Senior Care
Facility
High Risk
Occupancy
Infrastructure
Pavilion at
Masonic
Homes
Very Low 0 High Other
Areas
Source: Cal OES/DSOD, CoSMoS, CGS, USGS/CGS, FEMA 12/21/2018 DFIRM, CAL FIRE, City of Union City Packet Page No. 1382
Tri-City F-24
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
F.4 Alameda County Water District Critical Facilities
Property
Number
Property
Location /
Name
Asset Name Tsunami
Coastal
Evacuation
Zone
1 Meter
(3.1
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
Liquefaction
Susceptibility
Landslide
Hazard
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
Del Valle
Dam
Inundation
Area
Decoto
Dam
Inundation
Area
1 1001
Whipple
Road
Whipple Well Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
2 110
Mayhews
Road
Mayhew
Booster
Station
Moderate 0 High Zone X
(Shaded)
3 1111
Mowry
Avenue
Blending
Facility
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
X X
Manual Water
Softening
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
X X
4 1250 Levy
Road
Rubber Dam
#1 Bladder
High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
X X
5 1385
Mowry
Avenue
Mowry Well
Field
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
X X
6 150 Levy
Road
Rubber Dam
#3 Bladder
High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
X X X
7 2942
Middlefield
Avenue
Middlefield
Booster Pump
Station
Low 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
Middlefield
Reservoir
Low 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
Packet Page No. 1383
Tri-City F-25
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Property
Number
Property
Location /
Name
Asset Name Tsunami
Coastal
Evacuation
Zone
1 Meter
(3.1
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
Liquefaction
Susceptibility
Landslide
Hazard
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
Del Valle
Dam
Inundation
Area
Decoto
Dam
Inundation
Area
8 36835
Darvon
Street
Darvon Well Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
9 37496
Willowood
Drive
Willowood
Well
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
X X
10 37500
Cedar Blvd
Cedar Well Highe 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
11 37912
Canyon
Heights
Drive
Canyon
Heights
Very Low VII High Zone X
(unshaded)
12 38201
Canyon
Heights
Drive
Canyon
Heights
Moderate 0 High Zone X
(unshaded)
X
13 39198
Farwell
Drive
Farwell Well Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
X
14 42436
Mission
Blvd
Administration
Building
Moderate 0 High Zone X
(unshaded)
Chemical
Building
Moderate VII High Zone X
(unshaded)
Dewatering
Facility
Moderate VII High Zone X
(unshaded)
Gravity
Thickeners
Moderate VII High Zone X
(unshaded)
Packet Page No. 1384
Tri-City F-26
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Property
Number
Property
Location /
Name
Asset Name Tsunami
Coastal
Evacuation
Zone
1 Meter
(3.1
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
Liquefaction
Susceptibility
Landslide
Hazard
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
Del Valle
Dam
Inundation
Area
Decoto
Dam
Inundation
Area
Hydro
ElectricPumps
Moderate VII High Zone X
(unshaded)
Ozone
Generation
Moderate VII High Zone X
(unshaded)
Sedimentation
Basins
Moderate VII High Zone X
(unshaded)
Trailer Moderate VII High Zone X
(unshaded)
Yard Moderate VII High Zone X
(unshaded)
15 42500
Vargas
Road
Filter
Chemical
Building
Very Low IX High Zone X
(unshaded)
Main Control
Building
Very Low V High Zone X
(unshaded)
Mission San
Jose
Very Low V High Zone X
(unshaded)
Sedimentation
Basin
Very Low V High Zone X
(unshaded)
Yard Very Low VIII High Zone X
(unshaded)
Whitfield
Booster
Station
Very Low V High Zone X
(unshaded)
Packet Page No. 1385
Tri-City F-27
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Property
Number
Property
Location /
Name
Asset Name Tsunami
Coastal
Evacuation
Zone
1 Meter
(3.1
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
Liquefaction
Susceptibility
Landslide
Hazard
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
Del Valle
Dam
Inundation
Area
Decoto
Dam
Inundation
Area
16 42650
Paseo
Padre
Parkway
Whitfield
Booster Zone
2 Station
Low 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
Whitfield
Reservoir
Low 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
Storage
Buildings
Low 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
17 42955 Palm
Avenue
Lowry Well Low 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
18 4300 Lowry
Road
Garage Highe 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
19 43885 S
Grimmer
Blvd
Headquarters Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
Material
Carport
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
Shops Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
Vehicle
Carport
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
Warehouse Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
Yard Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
Packet Page No. 1386
Tri-City F-28
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Property
Number
Property
Location /
Name
Asset Name Tsunami
Coastal
Evacuation
Zone
1 Meter
(3.1
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
Liquefaction
Susceptibility
Landslide
Hazard
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
Del Valle
Dam
Inundation
Area
Decoto
Dam
Inundation
Area
Paseo Padre
Parkway
Booster
Station
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
20 44116
Paseo
Padre
Parkway
Vineyard
Heights
Booster
Station
Moderate V Moderate Zone X
(unshaded)
21 45476
Antelope
Drive
Rancho
Higuera
Booster
Station
Very Low V Moderate Zone X
(unshaded)
22 47350
Rancho
Higuera
Road
Avalon
Heights
Booster
Station
Moderate VII High Zone X
(unshaded)
23 48441
Avalon
Heights
Terrace
Scoot Creek
Booster
Station
Very Low VIII High Zone X
(unshaded)
24 48830
Green
Valley Road
Alameda
Reservoir
Very Low VIII High Zone X
(unshaded)
25 570
Shoshone
Court
Bellflower
Well
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
Packet Page No. 1387
Tri-City F-29
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Property
Number
Property
Location /
Name
Asset Name Tsunami
Coastal
Evacuation
Zone
1 Meter
(3.1
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
Liquefaction
Susceptibility
Landslide
Hazard
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
Del Valle
Dam
Inundation
Area
Decoto
Dam
Inundation
Area
26 5804
Bellflower
Drive
Curtner Road
Booster
Station
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
27 600 Curtner
Road
Desalination
Facility
Control Room
Moderate IX Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
28 6833
Redeker
Place
Washington
Booster
Station
Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
29 902
Washington
Blvd
Fish Screen Low 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
30 Alameda
Creek
Flood
Control
Channel
Appian High 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
X X X
31 Appian
Way
Ohlone Very Low V High Zone X
(unshaded)
32 Dry Creek
Trail
Decoto
Reservoir
Very Low VII High Zone X
(unshaded)
33 Florence
Street
VII Booster
Station
Very Low 0 High Zone X
(unshaded)
X
Vineyard
Heights
Very Low 0 High Zone X
(unshaded)
X
34 Grapevine
Terrace
Mayhew
Reservoir
Very Low X High Zone X
(unshaded)
Packet Page No. 1388
Tri-City F-30
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Property
Number
Property
Location /
Name
Asset Name Tsunami
Coastal
Evacuation
Zone
1 Meter
(3.1
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2
feet) of
Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(storm)
scenario
Liquefaction
Susceptibility
Landslide
Hazard
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner
Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
Del Valle
Dam
Inundation
Area
Decoto
Dam
Inundation
Area
35 Hunter
Terrace
Paterson
Reservoir
Very Low X High Zone X
(unshaded)
36 Paseo
Padre
Parkway
Nursery Well X Very Low V High Zone X
(unshaded)
37 Riviera
Drive
Hidden Valley Moderate 0 Urban
Unzoned
Zone X
(unshaded)
X X
38 Saguare
Terrace
Avalon Very Low VIII High Zone X
(unshaded)
39 St Francis
Terrace
Site A Very Low IX High Zone X
(unshaded)
40 Station
Road
X X X Moderate 0 High Zone X
(Shaded)
Source: Cal OES/DSOD, CoSMoS, CGS, USGS/CGS, FEMA 12/21/2018 DFIRM, CAL FIRE, ACWD Packet Page No. 1389
Tri-City F-31
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
F.5 Union Sanitary District Critical Facilities
Name Tsunami
Coastal
Evacuation
Zone
1 Meter
(3.1 feet)
of Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
1 Meter (3.1
feet) of Sealevel Rise:
0-year
(storm)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2 feet)
of Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
2 Meter (6.2
feet) of Sealevel Rise:
0-year
(storm)
scenario
Liquefaction
Susceptibility
Landslide
Hazard
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
Fremont LS X X Very High 0 Urban Unzoned X Protected
by Levee
Fremont LS X X Very High 0 Urban Unzoned X Protected
by Levee
Fremont LS X X Very High 0 Urban Unzoned X Protected
by Levee
Irvington PS X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE
Irvington PS X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE
Irvington PS X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE
Irvington SB X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE
Irvington SB X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE
Irvington SB X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE
Boyce LS Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AO
Boyce LS Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AO
Boyce LS Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AO
Cherry PS X X Moderate 0 High Zone AE
Cherry PS X X Moderate 0 High Zone AE
Cherry PS X X Moderate 0 High Zone AE
Newark PS X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE
Newark PS X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE
Newark PS X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE
Packet Page No. 1390
Tri-City F-32
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Name Tsunami
Coastal
Evacuation
Zone
1 Meter
(3.1 feet)
of Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
1 Meter (3.1
feet) of Sealevel Rise:
0-year
(storm)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2 feet)
of Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
2 Meter (6.2
feet) of Sealevel Rise:
0-year
(storm)
scenario
Liquefaction
Susceptibility
Landslide
Hazard
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
Paseo Padre
LS
X X X Moderate 0 NonWildland/NonUrbanZone X
(unshaded)
X X
Paseo Padre
LS
X X X Moderate 0 NonWildland/NonUrbanZone X
(unshaded)
X X
Paseo Padre
LS
X X X Moderate 0 NonWildland/NonUrbanZone X
(unshaded)
X X
Alvarado
Treatment
Plant
X X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE X
Alvarado
Treatment
Plant
X X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE X
Alvarado
Treatment
Plant
X X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE New CX
East Bay
Dischargers
Pump
Station
X X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE X
East Bay
Dischargers
Pump
Station
X X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE X
Packet Page No. 1391
Tri-City F-33
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Name Tsunami
Coastal
Evacuation
Zone
1 Meter
(3.1 feet)
of Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
1 Meter (3.1
feet) of Sealevel Rise:
0-year
(storm)
scenario
2 Meter
(6.2 feet)
of Sealevel
Rise: 0-
year
(tidal)
scenario
2 Meter (6.2
feet) of Sealevel Rise:
0-year
(storm)
scenario
Liquefaction
Susceptibility
Landslide
Hazard
Class

FHSZ DFIRM
Flood
Zone
James
Turner Dam
Inundation
New
Calaveras
Dam
Inundation
East Bay
Dischargers
Pump
Station
X X X X Moderate 0 Urban Unzoned Zone AE X
Source: Cal OES/DSOD, CoSMoS, CGS, USGS/CGS, FEMA 12/21/2018 DFIRM, CAL FIRE, USD Packet Page No. 1392
Tri-City G-1
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Appendix G Survey Results
Survey results are included on the following pages.

Packet Page No. 1393
Tri-City Multi-jurisdictional
Local Hazard Mitigation
Plan - Public Outreach
Survey

SURVEY RESPONSE REPORT
14 August 2023 - 25 January 2024
PROJECT NAME:

Tri-City Multi-jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Packet Page No. 1394

SURVEY QUESTIONS
Tri-City Multi-jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan - Public Outreach Survey : Survey Report for 14 August 2023 to 25 January 2024

Page 1 of 19 ends

Newark City CouncilSeptember 12, 2024

Newark City Council
September 12, 2024