Cities Index.
118_09122024%20Agenda%20Packet%20reduced%20file%20size%20page%20numbers

Newark City Council
September 12, 2024

Document
118_09122024%20Agenda%20Packet%20reduced%20file%20size%20page%20numbers
Meeting
September 12, 2024
Body
Newark City Council
Pages
19
Original file
113.3 MB
Text extracted from the city's file for reading and search. Open the original on public.destinyhosted.com. That file is the official record.

AGENDA
Thursday, September 12, 2024
7:00 P.M.

A. ROLL CALL
B. PRESENTATIONS

1. Proclaiming September 19 - 22, 2024 as Newark Days

2. Proclaiming September as National Preparedness Month

3. Proclaiming September as Childhood Cancer Awareness Month C. PUBLIC COMMENT
The public is invited to address the City Council on any item not listed on the agenda. Public Comments are generally limited to 5 minutes per speaker. Please note that State law prohibits the Council from acting on non-agenda items.

D. CONSENT CALENDAR
Consent Calendar items are considered to be routine and may be approved by one motion.

There will be no separate discussion on these items unless there is a request by a Council Member, a staff member, or a member of the public to remove an item for separate discussion and action.

1. Approval of Audited Demands

2. Approval of minutes: June 27 (special and regular meetings), July 8, July 25, and August 5.

3. Adopt a resolution accepting work with VSS International, Inc. for FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301

4. Adopt a resolution approving proposed Change Order No. 1 for FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1300 with G. Bortolotto & Company and approving a budget amendment for reappropriation of funds from FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301 to FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1300; exempt from CEQA review per CEQA Guidelines Section 15301

5. Report on administrative actions during August recess

6. Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute a Contractual Services Agreement with Art Builds Community for on-call public art consulting services in the amount not to exceed $135,000 and amend the 2024-2026 Biennial Budget and Capital Improvement Plan to appropriate $135,000 from the Art in Public Places Fund E. PUBLIC HEARINGS
F. OTHER BUSINESS

1. Adopt a resolution approving the 2024 Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update

2. Receive a presentation of the draft Facilities Master Plan and provide feedback

3. Resolution Approving an Alternate Means of Compliance for the Lepashki Homes Project

4. Status of the Newark Climate Action Plan Update project

5. Introduction of an Ordinance amending Chapter 2.09 of the Newark Municipal Code ("City Councilmembers-Compensation") to increase the salaries of City Councilmembers and Mayor.

G. CITY MANAGER UPDATES
H. CITY COUNCIL MATTERS
City Council Members report on attendance at intergovernmental agency meetings, conferences, and seminars since the last meeting. City Council Members may also announce upcoming events and coordinate attendance; report on local events attended since the last meeting; and make brief comments on issues of concern.

I. CLOSED SESSION

1. Conference with Real Property Negotiators (Pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.8)
Property: Stevenson Boulevard, Newark, CA 94560. APNs: 537-850-7-1, 537-850-8, 537-850-10, 537-850-11-3
City Negotiators: David Benoun, Steven Turner and Craig Bettencourt Negotiating Parties: Seamus O’Connor and David Bider
Under Negotiation: Review of Price and Terms
J. ADJOURNMENT
Packet Page No. 2

MEETING INFORMATION
Members of the public may attend the meeting in person, watch online, or watch on Cable Channel 26. The ability to observe online or Cable Channel 26 is predicated on those technologies being available and functioning without technical difficulties.  Should those platforms not be available, or become non-functioning, or should the City Council otherwise encounter technical difficulties that make those platforms unavailable, the City Council will proceed with business in person unless otherwise prohibited by law.

How to view the meeting remotely:

Livestream online at YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@cityofnewark3077/streams Copy/paste the YouTube URL into your browser if the link does not automatically open.

Cable Channel 26 - if the meeting does not broadcast live, please contact your service provider and request the City of Newark channel lineup.

Zoom will no longer be available for public participation unless required by Assembly Bill 2449. Should a Council Member or the Mayor attend the meeting via Zoom pursuant to Assembly Bill 2249, then the Webinar ID 818 4846 2349 will be activated.  The Mayor will make an announcement at the beginning of the meeting that the City will be allowing public comment via Zoom.  Raise your virtual hand to notify the City Clerk that you would like to speak during the item that you wish to speak on.

How to submit written Public Comment:

Send an email to City Clerk by 3:00 p.m. the day of the meeting.  Please identify the agenda item number in the subject line of your email.  Emails will be compiled into one file and will be distributed to the City Council before the meeting.

No question shall be asked of a council member, city staff, or an audience member except through the Mayor. No person shall interrupt the meeting. Any person who refuses to carry out instructions given by the Mayor for the purpose of maintaining order may be guilty of an infraction and may result in removal from the meeting.

Council Meeting Access/Materials:

The agenda packet is available for review at Agendas and Minutes. The packet is typically posted to the City website the Friday before the meeting, but no later than 72 hours before the meeting.

Pursuant to Government Code 54957.5, supplemental materials distributed less than 72 hours before this meeting, to a majority of the City Council, will be made available for public inspection at this meeting and will be posted at https://www.newark.org/departments/city-manager-s-office/agendas-minutes and will concurrently be made available for public inspection during regular business hours at the David W. Smith City Hall, 37101 Newark Boulevard, Newark CA.  Materials prepared by City staff and distributed during the meeting are available for public inspection at the meeting or after the meeting if prepared by some other person. Documents related to closed session items or are exempt from disclosure will not be made available for public inspection. For those persons who require special accommodations, please contact the City Clerk at least two days prior to the meeting at  City Clerk or 510-578-4266.

Executive Team Members

David J. Benoun
City Manager
Lenka Hovorka
Assistant City Manager
Kristopher J.

Kokotaylo
City Attorney
Steven Turner
Community Development
Director
Jonathan Arguello
Police Chief
Edwin Miranda
CIO/Information Technology
Director
Howard Young
Public Works Director
Cathreene Ingham-Watters
Human Resources Director
Packet Page No. 3
Krysten Lee
Finance Director
Ryan Nishimoto
ACFD Deputy Chief
Nicholas Cuevas, Recreation and Community
Services Director
Packet Page No. 4
Item  B. 1.

DATE 09/12/2024
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Sheila Harrington, City Clerk
SUBJECT    Proclaiming September 19 - 22, 2024 as Newark Days Newark Days is an annual four-day festival held to commemorate the birthday of the City of Newark.  The event is organized and run by a non-profit corporation ("Newark Days Celebration, Inc.") that consists of dedicated community volunteers known in the community as the "Newark Days Committee".  A proclamation has been prepared and members of the Newark Days Committee will accept it at the City Council meeting.

Attachments
Proclamation No. 1923
Packet Page No. 5
PROCLAMATION NO. 1923

NEWARK DAYS
WHEREAS, the Newark Days Committee annually celebrates the birth date of our City during the month of September; and
WHEREAS, this is a time to celebrate the community of Newark in all its aspects; and
WHEREAS, this is a time when all Newark residents are encouraged to explore our rich heritage and a time to recognize the multi-cultural contributions of divergent people who have come together to create a common sense of community; and
WHEREAS, this is also a time when we encourage Newark residents to pause and reflect on the values that we represent as a community so succinctly stated in our Newark Days Celebration motto, “People, Pride, and Progress”;
NOW, THEREFORE, I, Michael K. Hannon, Mayor of the City of Newark, on behalf of the Newark City Council, do hereby proclaim September 19-22, 2024, as

NEWARK DAYS
in Newark.

IN WITNESS THEREOF, I have hereunto set forth my hand and caused the Official Seal of the City of Newark, State of California, to be affixed this Twelfth Day of September, Two Thousand Twenty-four.

MICHAEL K. HANNON
Mayor
Packet Page No. 6
Item  B. 2.

DATE 09/12/2024
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Sheila Harrington, City Clerk
SUBJECT    Proclaiming September as National Preparedness Month National Preparedness Month is an observance each September to raise awareness about the importance of preparing for disasters and emergencies that could happen at any time.  Emergency Services Coordinator Richard Martinez, David Libby from the Community Emergency Response Team, and members of the business community will be at the meeting to accept the proclamation.

Attachments
Proclamation No. 1924
Packet Page No. 7
PROCLAMATION NO. 1924

NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS MONTH
WHEREAS, September is recognized as National Preparedness Month, a time dedicated to promoting awareness and encouraging individuals, families, organizations and businesses to plan and prepare for emergencies; and WHEREAS, effective preparedness ensures that we are ready to handle unexpected events such as natural disasters, cybersecurity attacks, biohazard exposures, household chemical emergencies, pandemics, acts of violence in public places, and extreme weather events, ultimately safeguarding our community's well-being and resilience; and WHEREAS, the PPRR (Plan, Prepare, Respond, Recover) framework is an essential strategy for managing emergency situations, enhancing our readiness, and supporting recovery efforts; and WHEREAS, our local businesses and organizations play a key role in fostering a culture of preparedness by implementing emergency plans and encouraging employee readiness through the PPRR Program; and WHEREAS, the City of Newark’s PPRR program between March 2023 and August 2024 has trained 84 businesses in Newark with 338 individuals trained and 55 individuals completing all trainings in Fire Extinguisher, CPR, Abdominal Thrust Maneuver and Personal Emergency Preparedness; and WHEREAS, the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) provides vital training and support, empowering residents to assist in emergency situations and contribute to community safety; and WHEREAS, assembling a "Go Kit" with critical supplies and developing a comprehensive emergency plan are crucial steps in individual and community preparedness; and WHEREAS, registering for emergency alert systems such as AC Alert through Alameda County and Nixel through the City of Newark Police Department can provide vital information to assist community members during an emergency.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, Michael K. Hannon, Mayor of the City of Newark, on behalf of the Newark City Council, do hereby proclaim September 2024, as

NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS MONTH
in Newark and urge all residents, businesses, and organizations to prepare and evaluate their emergency plans, as well as participate in emergency preparedness trainings and activities.

IN WITNESS THEREOF, I have hereunto set forth my hand and caused the Official Seal of the City of Newark, State of California, to be affixed this Twelfth Day of September, Two Thousand Twenty-four.

MICHAEL K. HANNON
Mayor
Packet Page No. 8
Item  B. 3.

DATE 09/12/2024
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Sheila Harrington, City Clerk
SUBJECT    Proclaiming September as Childhood Cancer Awareness Month September’s Childhood Cancer Awareness Month is a time to shine a light on the realities of childhood cancer, emphasize the importance of life-saving research, and join together to make a difference for children diagnosed.

A proclamation will be presented to Angela Crawford of the Jammers Strong Foundation, a local non-profit organization whose mission is to create awareness, educate, and fight for a cure for every child with cancer.

Attachments
Proclamation No. 1925
Packet Page No. 9
PROCLAMATION NO. 1925

CHILDHOOD CANCER AWARENESS MONTH
WHEREAS, according to the American Childhood Cancer Organization, childhood cancer is the leading cause of death by disease for children in the United States and one of every six children are not expected to live past five years of age; and WHEREAS, the American Cancer Society estimates that approximately 9,620 children in the United States under 15 years of age will be diagnosed with cancer in 2024; and
WHEREAS, most children cannot be treated at a local hospital, and families must face the disruption of relocating to receive treatment at a regional cancer center; and WHEREAS, pediatric cancer research receives only 4% of all federal funding for cancer research, a fact that demonstrates why awareness and fundraising participation is so important; and
WHEREAS, due to children’s bodies still growing and cancer treatments largely geared toward use on adults, children are more likely to experience long-term side effects from treatment; and
WHEREAS, childhood cancer treatment is handled by a team of pediatric oncologists and surgeons, radiation oncologists, pediatric oncology nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants; and
WHEREAS, some of the most important members of a pediatric cancer patient’s team are experienced parents who navigate and advocate on behalf of their children; and WHEREAS, as a result of major treatment advances in recent decades, more than 85 percent of children with cancer now survive five years or more; NOW, THEREFORE, I, Michael K. Hannon, Mayor of the City of Newark, on behalf of the Newark City Council, do hereby proclaim September 2024, as

CHILDHOOD CANCER AWARENESS MONTH
in Newark and encourage everyone to join the fight against childhood cancer and to participate in activities and events that promote awareness of childhood cancer and support families affected by this devastating disease not just during September but throughout the year.

IN WITNESS THEREOF, I have hereunto set forth my hand and caused the Official Seal of the City of Newark, State of California, to be affixed this Fourteenth Day of September, Two Thousand Twenty-three.

MICHAEL K. HANNON
Packet Page No. 10
Mayor
Packet Page No. 11
Item  D. 1.

DATE 09/12/2024
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Krysten Lee, Finance Director
SUBJECT    Approval of Audited Demands
Attachments
Audited Demands 07.11.24
Audited Demands 07.18.24
Audited Demands 07.25.24
Audited Demands 08.01.24_1
Audited Demands 08.01.24_2
Audited Demands 08.08.24_1
Audited Demands 08.08.24_2
Audited Demands 08.15.24
Audited Demands 08.22.24
Packet Page No. 12




   
 








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Packet Page No. 15
LIVE Newark CA LIVE
Payment Batch Register
Bank Account: AP - ZBA ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
Batch Date: 07/18/2024
Type Date Number Source Payee Name EFT Bank/Account
Transaction
Amount
Bank Account: AP - ZBA ACCOUNTS PAYABLECheck 07/18/2024 11692 Accounts Payable 34TH STREET INC. 3,133.90 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
2024-124 06/13/2024 DEESCALATION TRAINING & TRAVEL EXPENSES 6/12/24 3,133.90 Check 07/18/2024 11693 Accounts Payable ADITYA T BABU 563.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
0614-062824 07/09/2024 VIP VOLLEYBAL CLASSES FOR 6/14-6/28 563.00 Check 07/18/2024 11694 Accounts Payable AFLAC 1,171.90
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
339372 07/17/2024 AFLAC - JUNE 2024 PREMIUMS 1,171.90
Check 07/18/2024 11695 Accounts Payable ALAMEDA COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE 8,389.50 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
JUNE 2024 06/30/2024 CRIME LAB FEES JUNE 2024 8,389.50
Check 07/18/2024 11696 Accounts Payable ALPINE AWARDS INC 4,806.70 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
6107981 06/20/2024 STAFF SHIRTS 6/20/24 1,744.24
6107688 05/30/2024 STAFF SUMMER TSHIRTS 5/30/24 3,062.46 Check 07/18/2024 11697 Accounts Payable WARREN ANTIDA 300.69 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
070124EXP 07/01/2024 BOOT REIMBURSEMENT 7/1/24 300.69
Check 07/18/2024 11698 Accounts Payable APPLIED LANDSCAPE MATERIALS, INC. 31,629.16 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
15037 06/24/2024 PLAYGROUND FIBER BRIDGEPOINT PARK 6/24/24 2,475.38 15038 06/24/2024 PLAYGROUND FIBER COMMUNITY CENTER PARK 6/24/24 2,475.38 15021 06/19/2024 APPLY SB1383 COMPLIANT COMPOSTED MULCH 06/19/24 26,678.40 Check 07/18/2024 11699 Accounts Payable GUSTAVO ARROYO 727.93 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
062824EXP 07/12/2024 ACTIVE SHOOTER SYMPOSIUM 6/28/24 727.93 Check 07/18/2024 11700 Accounts Payable BATTERY SYSTEMS INC 2,306.25 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
28690408240833 04/08/2024 BATTERIES 173.32
Packet Page No. 16
43980402241102 04/08/2024 BATTERIES 1,195.97
4052157 07/10/2024 BATTERIES 936.96
Check 07/18/2024 11701 Accounts Payable BOUND TREE MEDICAL, LLC 4,236.29 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
85388801 06/20/2024 GLOVES - MED,LARGE & XL 4,236.29
Check 07/18/2024 11702 Accounts Payable STATE DISBURSEMENT UNIT 1.38 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
PPE 7.6.24 07/10/2024 GARNISH - CASE 200000002128365 - 6/23/24-7/6/24 1.38 Check 07/18/2024 11703 Accounts Payable CALIFORNIA HOMICIDE INVESTIGATORS

ASSOCIATION

60.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
25746 06/24/2024 SWORN MEMBERSHIP - HOMAYOUN FY25 30.00 25753 06/24/2024 SWORN MEMBERSHIP - HUNTER FY25 30.00
Check 07/18/2024 11704 Accounts Payable CENTRAL VETERINARY HOSPITAL 716.90 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
514471 06/13/2024 VET SVCS 06/13/24 97.25
511238 04/04/2024 CANINE SVCS 04/03/24 619.65
Check 07/18/2024 11705 Accounts Payable CINTAS CORP 634.09 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
1904959391 06/26/2024 CITYWIDE POLO 634.09
Check 07/18/2024 11706 Accounts Payable PETTY CASH CUSTODIAN - RAQUEL THOMAS

74.06 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
100123-063024FIN 07/16/2024 PETTY CASH REPLENISHMENT 10/01/23-06/30/24 74.06 Check 07/18/2024 11707 Accounts Payable COUNTY OF ALAMEDA 1,292.50 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
JUNE '24 07/03/2024 CITATION PROCESSING FEES - JUNE '24 1,292.50 Check 07/18/2024 11708 Accounts Payable ALAMEDA COUNTY INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
6,657.33
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
112-2403036 04/10/2024 AWS ACCESS FEE MARCH 2024 3,955.50 163325 05/17/2024 SUBS-MOBILE-REPAIR 5/17-6/30/24 2,000.00 163329 05/21/2024 SUBS-MOBILE-REPAIR 5/21-6/26/24 701.83 Check 07/18/2024 11709 Accounts Payable CSU, EAST BAY FOUNDATION, INC. 1,720.96 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
80013862 06/27/2024 DATA COLLECTION RESEARCH SUPPORT 05/01-05/31/24 1,720.96 Check 07/18/2024 11710 Accounts Payable CSW I ST2 66,739.39 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
2405068 05/31/2024 DESIGN SERVICES FOR OLD TOWN STREETSCAPE IMPROVEMENTS 05/05/24
18,979.23
2406110 06/27/2024 DESIGN SERVICES FOR OLD TOWN STREETSCAPE IMPROVEMENTS 06/02/24
47,760.16
Check 07/18/2024 11711 Accounts Payable CYNTHIA M. KIRBY 3,150.00 Packet Page No. 17
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
2406029 06/01/2024 POLYGRAPH TESTING SERVICES - 2/19/24 - 5/24/24 3,150.00 Check 07/18/2024 11712 Accounts Payable DELTA DENTAL OF CALIFORNIA 17,184.54 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
BE006144006 07/10/2024 DELTA PPO - JULY 2024 PREMIUMS 17,184.54 Check 07/18/2024 11713 Accounts Payable DELTA DENTAL INSURANCE COMPANY 241.51 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
BE006142338 07/17/2024 DELTA CARE JULY 2024 PREMIUMS 241.51 Check 07/18/2024 11714 Accounts Payable ECAMSECURE 90,648.88 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
1204313 05/31/2024 MOBILE VIDEO SURVEILLANCE MAY'24 90,648.88 Check 07/18/2024 11715 Accounts Payable MARVIN RAMIREZ 397.96 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
1808 07/02/2024 PUBLIC NOTICE ELECTION PUBLISHED 07/12/24 397.96 Check 07/18/2024 11716 Accounts Payable FIDELITY SECURITY LIFE

INSURANCE/EYEMED
2,330.94
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
166355526 07/17/2024 EYEMED JULY 2024 PREMIUMS 2,330.94 Check 07/18/2024 11717 Accounts Payable FRANK BONETTI PLUMBING INC 20,209.14 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
49143 06/24/2024 SILLIMAN DOUBLE SINK BACKUP 6/18/24 1,213.32 49146 06/24/2024 THORNTON FIRE LOW WATER PRESSURE 6/5/24 915.2749144 06/24/2024 LAKESHORE PARK LINE REPLACEMENT 4/01/24 470.0049152 06/24/2024 BIRCH PARK RESTROOM BACK UP 6/14/24 358.0049145 06/24/2024 THORNTON FIRE WATER HEATER REPLACEMENT 5/22/24 17,252.55 Check 07/18/2024 11718 Accounts Payable GRAINGER 1,787.29 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
9117170606 05/13/2024 BLDG GENERAL SUPPLIES 1,442.57
9162785233 06/25/2024 U-BEND FLUOR BULB 205.769163197651 06/25/2024 DOUBLE SIDED TAPE 9.819164642119 06/26/2024 GRINDING WHEEL 30.229164749963 06/26/2024 HAND SOAP 98.93 Check 07/18/2024 11719 Accounts Payable JUAN HERRERA 177.78 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
062824EXP 07/12/2024 ACTIVE SHOOTER SYMPOSIUM 6/28/24 177.78 Check 07/18/2024 11720 Accounts Payable HILLYARD 3,338.71 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
605521382 06/27/2024 JANITORIAL SUPPLIES - TOWELS/TISSUE 3,338.71 Check 07/18/2024 11721 Accounts Payable NICHOLAS ICASIANO 39.38 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
070224EXP 07/02/2024 HEAT ILLNESS PREVENTION FLUIDS FY25 39.38 Packet Page No. 18
Check 07/18/2024 11722 Accounts Payable JEFF'S MOBILE GLASS INC. 667.68 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
IJMG-0624-83870 06/24/2024 WINSHIELD REPLACEMENT VEH 1107 6/24/24 667.68 Check 07/18/2024 11723 Accounts Payable KNORR SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL 17,307.76 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
236536 05/24/2024 PULSAR BRIQUETTES 5/24/24 5,316.00
233129 04/30/2024 CO2 FEED BOX REPLACEMENT 4/30/24 2,741.11 232956 04/22/2024 SILLIMAN PULSAR TROUBLESHOOT 4/16/24 886.00 232305 04/15/2024 SILLIMAN QUARTERLY MAINTENANCE 4/24 8,364.65 Check 07/18/2024 11724 Accounts Payable L.N. CURTIS & SONS 1,521.44 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
INV838279 03/26/2024 PATROL SUPPLIES 6/25/24 1,521.44
Check 07/18/2024 11725 Accounts Payable LOOMIS 329.88
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
13526394 06/30/2024 ARMORED CAR SERVICE - 06/24 329.88
Check 07/18/2024 11726 Accounts Payable JOSUE LOPEZ-DUENAS 350.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
070824EXP 07/08/2024 BOOT REIMBURSEMENT 7/8/24 350.00
Check 07/18/2024 11727 Accounts Payable LPC SERVICES, INC. 542.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
74511 05/10/2024 PEST SERVICES - FIRE STATION #1 102707 5/10/24 275.0074618 05/30/2024 PEST SERVICES - CITY HALL #102699 5/30/24 267.00 Check 07/18/2024 11728 Accounts Payable LYNN PEAVEY COMPANY 476.47 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
410950 07/11/2024 EVIDENCE SUPPLIES 476.47
Check 07/18/2024 11729 Accounts Payable MARK GOTHARD 800.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
605202406202204 07/16/2024 SENIOR CHAIR FITNESS/SELF DEFENSE SEMINAR 06/20/24 800.00 Check 07/18/2024 11730 Accounts Payable BRICK TECH 3,889.50 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
0617-062824 07/09/2024 BRICK TECH CLASSES FOR 6/17-6/28/24 3,889.50 Check 07/18/2024 11731 Accounts Payable MIKE YORKS INVESTIGATIONS 3,225.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
2024-09 07/01/2024 BACKGROUND INVESTIGATIONS 05/03-06/26/24 3,225.00 Check 07/18/2024 11732 Accounts Payable MFCP INC 279.44 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
9158827 06/24/2024 FLEET SUPPLIES 279.44
Check 07/18/2024 11733 Accounts Payable AVENU INSIGHTS & ANALYTICS 3,750.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
INV06-018970 06/25/2024 UUT AUDIT & ANALYSIS - FIXED FEE APR - JUN '24 3,750.00 Packet Page No. 19
Check 07/18/2024 11734 Accounts Payable KIDZ LOVE SOCCER 4,267.20 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
0609-070424 07/09/2024 KIDZ LOVE SOCCER CLASSES FIR 6/9-7/4/24 4,267.20 Check 07/18/2024 11735 Accounts Payable PAKPOUR CONSULTING GROUP, INC. 24,542.44 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
4492 07/08/2024 PROJECT MANAGEMENT SERVICES FOR CENTRAL AVE OVERPASS PRJ 06/24
24,034.50
4491 07/08/2024 ON-CALL CIVIL ENGINEERING PLAN REVIEW SERVICES 06/24 507.94 Check 07/18/2024 11736 Accounts Payable RYAN PEREZ 100.06 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
071224EXP 07/12/2024 CLASS A APPLICATION FEE-RYAN PEREZ 100.06 Check 07/18/2024 11737 Accounts Payable PLAN JPA 1,870.80 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
INV0044 06/27/2024 GENERAL LIABILITY PREMIUM FY23/24-MAY 2024 1,870.80 Check 07/18/2024 11738 Accounts Payable RAY RABELO 5,700.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
1024 07/07/2024 ENTERTAINMENT FOR MARIACHI FESTIVAL 7/21/24 5,700.00 Check 07/18/2024 11739 Accounts Payable ROADRUNNER GLASS DOOR, INC 825.89 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
13955 06/24/2024 SVC PLATE GLASS REPLACEMENT 6/24/24 825.89 Check 07/18/2024 11740 Accounts Payable S & S WORLDWIDE, INC. 1,593.98 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
IN101397693 05/22/2024 STORAGE CABINETS FOR CHILDCARE 1,593.98 Check 07/18/2024 11741 Accounts Payable SEDGWICK 660.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
BRS-0020628 06/25/2024 REMOTE RISK CONTROL-MAY 2024 660.00 Check 07/18/2024 11742 Accounts Payable SNG & ASSOCIATES, INC. 31,367.50 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
2024-0519 06/18/2024 ON CALL CIVIL ENGINEERING PLAN REVIEW SERVICES 05/24 31,367.50 Check 07/18/2024 11743 Accounts Payable STANDARD INSURANCE COMPANY 1,591.78 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
JULY 2024 07/10/2024 STANDARD - JULY 2024 PREMIUMS 1,591.78 Check 07/18/2024 11744 Accounts Payable STATE OF CALIFORNIA 1,310.37 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
PPE 7.6.24 07/10/2024 GARNISH - CASE 560794111 - 6/23/24-7/6/24 436.39PPE 5.25.24-2 06/30/2024 GARNISH - CASE 560794111 - 5/12/24-5/25/24 873.98 Check 07/18/2024 11745 Accounts Payable LEHR 1,368.70
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
SI102849 06/26/2024 FLEET SURFACE MOUNT 1,368.70
Check 07/18/2024 11746 Accounts Payable SYSERCO, INC 9,519.75 Packet Page No. 20
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
14317 04/01/2024 QUARTERLY BILLING - 6/30/24 9,519.75
Check 07/18/2024 11747 Accounts Payable CLASSIC GRAPHICS 43,605.73 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
49743 06/25/2024 FLEET FIRE ENGINE STORAGE BOX 2,032.26 49744 06/25/2024 FLEET FLAT STEEL 3,477.55
49754 06/27/2024 OUTFITTING F-450 37,821.13
49757 06/28/2024 DECALS 274.79
Check 07/18/2024 11748 Accounts Payable MARY TEIXEIRA 435.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
EXPREIMB-07/24 07/17/2024 FOOD FOR MEET & GREET, DECORATIONS, FOOD FOR PD ORAL BOARD FY25
435.00
Check 07/18/2024 11749 Accounts Payable THE KPA GROUP 5,230.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
010 06/30/2024 ON-CALL ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES 06/01-06/30/24 5,230.00 Check 07/18/2024 11750 Accounts Payable JENNIFER TRAN 2,037.38 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
EDUREIMB-SP2024 05/21/2024 EDUCATIONAL REIMBURSEMENT- FY23-24 - SPRING 2024 2,037.38 Check 07/18/2024 11751 Accounts Payable UNITED STATES POSTMASTER 4,050.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
IN44256 07/16/2024 POSTAGE PAYMENT FOR FALL REC ACTIVITIES POSTCARDS FY 25 4,050.00 Check 07/18/2024 11752 Accounts Payable ROBERT VOGEL 600.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
06252024 06/25/2024 MAGIC SHOW FOR CAMP NEWARK 6/25/24 600.00 Check 07/18/2024 11753 Accounts Payable WEST COAST ARBORISTS INC 31,229.10 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
216661 06/30/2024 PARK TREE MAINTENANCE 06/16/24-06/30/24 3,042.00 216660 06/30/2024 STREET TREE MAINTENANCE 06/16/24-06/30/24 28,187.10 Check 07/18/2024 11754 Accounts Payable WILLIAM D. WHITE CO, INC. 1,925.69 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
460747 03/18/2024 PD GATE SERVICE - 3/13/24 842.19460727 03/04/2024 PD GATE SERVICE - 2/12 - 2/21/24 1,083.50 Check 07/18/2024 11755 Accounts Payable WILMA LOTT CATERING 3,441.73 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
17128 06/28/2024 CATERING FOR THE AC MAYORS' CONFERENCE 07/10/24 3,441.73 Check 07/18/2024 11756 Accounts Payable ARIAS , ROSEALINDA 1,000.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
2023-5884 07/10/2024 ENCP2023-0151 RFND 1,000.00
Check 07/18/2024 11757 Accounts Payable MISTRY , DEEPALI 106.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
718718 07/12/2024 CUSTOMER REFUND DUE TO SCHEDULE CONFLICT 106.00 Packet Page No. 21
Check 07/18/2024 11758 Accounts Payable TANCINCO , ELISE 91.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
718489 07/10/2024 SWIM LESSON REFUND 91.00
EFT 07/18/2024 1114 Accounts Payable METROPOLITAN PLANNING GROUP 121042882 / 2016189470 4,101.25 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
2004544REV 06/28/2024 CEQA REVIEW FOR THE PROLOGIS PROJECT - SVCS THRU 05/31/24 4,101.25 AP ZBA ACCOUNTS PAYABLE Totals: Transactions: 68 $490,378.58 Checks: 67 $486,277.33EFTs: 1 $4,101.25
Packet Page No. 22




   
 








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Packet Page No. 26
LIVE Newark CA LIVE
Payment Batch Register
Bank Account: AP - ZBA ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
Batch Date: 08/01/2024
Type Date Number Source Payee Name EFT Bank/Account
Transaction
Amount
Bank Account: AP - ZBA ACCOUNTS PAYABLECheck 08/01/2024 11793 Accounts Payable ABACUS PRODUCTS INC 390.73 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
B76711 07/11/2024 RECORD ADMIN FEE 390.73
Check 08/01/2024 11794 Accounts Payable DIGIQUATICS 3,337.20 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
3638 06/03/2024 SCHEDULING SOFTWARE FOR TE STAFF 7/24 - 06/25 3,337.20 Check 08/01/2024 11795 Accounts Payable ALAMEDA COUNTY FIRE DEPARTMENT 977,083.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount2023-24-342 06/30/2024 CONTRACT FIRE SERVICES - 06/24 977,083.00 Check 08/01/2024 11796 Accounts Payable DENISE AMBRIZ 80.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
04232024EXP 06/26/2024 TOY PLAYSET FOR CHILDCARE CLASSROOM 80.00 Check 08/01/2024 11797 Accounts Payable AMERICAN RED CROSS 425.60 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
22705272 06/30/2024 FIRST AID/CPR TRAINING 6/3/24 425.60 Check 08/01/2024 11798 Accounts Payable APPLIED LANDSCAPE MATERIALS, INC. 36,516.06 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
15052 06/28/2024 APPLY SB1383 COMPLIANT COMPOSTED MULCH 6/28/24 36,516.06 Check 08/01/2024 11799 Accounts Payable ASCENT ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. 4,825.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
20230149.01-3 07/01/2024 CLIMATE ACTION PLAN DEVELOPMENT 05/24 4,825.00 Check 08/01/2024 11800 Accounts Payable ASSOCIATED RIGHT OF WAY SERVICES, INC.
10,500.00
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
000000022422 06/05/2024 APPRAISAL SVCS 24062 APN 537-850-8 - SANCTUARY WEST PRJ 05/24 10,500.00 Check 08/01/2024 11801 Accounts Payable BAY CENTRAL PRINTING 85.88 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
199145 06/06/2024 BUSINESS CARD IMPRINTING - YONATHAN 85.88 Check 08/01/2024 11802 Accounts Payable CAL SAFETY INC 360.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
Packet Page No. 27
30707 07/09/2024 FLAGGER SIGN RENTAL 06/13-07/10/24 360.00 Check 08/01/2024 11803 Accounts Payable STATE DISBURSEMENT UNIT 1.38 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
PPE 7.20.24 07/25/2024 GARNISH - CASE 200000002128365 - 7/7/24-7/20/24 1.38 Check 08/01/2024 11804 Accounts Payable BEACON VETERINARY SPECIALISTS 630.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
153066 05/06/2024 VET SVCS 05/04/24 150.00152121 04/05/2024 VET SVCS 03/30/24 150.00151352 03/13/2024 VET SVCS 03/12/24 150.00154124 06/06/2024 VET SVCS 06/05/24 180.00 Check 08/01/2024 11805 Accounts Payable CENTRAL VETERINARY HOSPITAL 906.12 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
511926 05/18/2024 VET SVCS 04/10/24 906.12
Check 08/01/2024 11806 Accounts Payable FREMONT CHEVROLET/FREMONT BUICK

GMC CADILLAC

7.49 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
154191 07/10/2024 FLEET SUPPLIES-CAP 7.49
Check 08/01/2024 11807 Accounts Payable ALAMEDA COUNTY INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
7,182.00
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
112-2406036 07/17/2024 AWS ACCESS FEE JUNE 2024 3,602.50 112-2405036 06/15/2024 AWS ACCESS FEE MAY 2024 3,579.50 Check 08/01/2024 11808 Accounts Payable CPRS 2,474.16
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
07192024 07/19/2024 MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL 09/30/24 2,474.16 Check 08/01/2024 11809 Accounts Payable DALE HARDWARE 1,507.12 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
JUL' 24 07/25/2024 DALE SUPPLIES 07/25/2024 1,507.12
Check 08/01/2024 11810 Accounts Payable DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 292.50 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
P2085670SA 07/25/2024 STATE INSPECTIONS FOR POOL SIDER 7/17/24 97.50P2085672SA 07/25/2024 STATE LAW INSPECTION FOR LAZY RIVER 7/17/24 97.50P2085671SA 07/25/2024 STATE INSPECTIONS FOR AQUATUBE 7/17/24 97.50 Check 08/01/2024 11811 Accounts Payable DUKE DE LEON 735.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
4185 06/30/2024 BROADCAST AND STREAM CC AND PC MTGS JUNE 2024 735.00 Check 08/01/2024 11812 Accounts Payable EMERSON USA INC. 2,674.90 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
1468 07/10/2024 FLAGS - CITYWIDE 2,674.90
Check 08/01/2024 11813 Accounts Payable EWING IRRIGATION PRODUCTS INC. 2,849.83 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
Packet Page No. 28
22771255 07/02/2024 PARK SUPPLIES-RISER, SOLENOID, HUNTER - POINT OF SALE 869.26 22771187 07/02/2024 IRRIGATION SPRINKLER-POINT OF SALE 748.7222771308 07/02/2024 IRRIGATION SUPPLIES-POINT OF SALE 1,231.85 Check 08/01/2024 11814 Accounts Payable FEDEX 150.85
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
8-564-22558 07/19/2024 PACKAGE DELIVERY 7/12/24 134.358-563-88720 07/19/2024 PACKAGE DELIVERY 7/9/24 16.50 Check 08/01/2024 11815 Accounts Payable CITY OF FOSTER CITY 4,078.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
16112 07/05/2024 CALOPPS ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP FEE 07/01/24-06/30/25 4,078.00 Check 08/01/2024 11816 Accounts Payable FREMONT CDJR 5,208.11 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
229785 05/31/2024 FLEET SERVICE VEH1904-LEAK 05/31/24 5,208.11 Check 08/01/2024 11817 Accounts Payable FREMONT FORD 63,640.32 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
080124 07/18/2024 VEH PURC F150-CHECK UPON DELIVERY 8/1/24 63,640.32 Check 08/01/2024 11818 Accounts Payable GIGANTIC IDEA STUDIO, INC. 2,616.46 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
INV-4278 07/11/2024 RECYCLING & WASTE REDUCTION OUTREACH - 06/24 2,616.46 Check 08/01/2024 11819 Accounts Payable GRAINGER 851.61 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
9178754991 07/11/2024 SILLIMAN FUSE CLASS 7/11/24 244.579179377222 07/11/2024 FLEET HOSE REEL 7/11/24 607.04 Check 08/01/2024 11820 Accounts Payable HARRINGTON INDUSTRIAL PLASTICS LLC 197.98 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
003UY0529 06/03/2024 PARK SUPPLIES-ADAPTER 6/3/24 197.98 Check 08/01/2024 11821 Accounts Payable HOME DEPOT CREDIT SERVICES 682.53 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
JUL' 24 07/12/2024 HOME DEPOT CC PURCHASE 06/20/24-07/11/24 682.53 Check 08/01/2024 11822 Accounts Payable LORENZO HOULE 350.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
071824EXP 07/18/2024 BOOT REIMBURSEMENT 7/18/24 350.00
Check 08/01/2024 11823 Accounts Payable I PIZZA 1,513.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
060124-062924 07/01/2024 PIZZA FOR BIRTHDAY PARTIES 06/01 - 06/29/24 1,513.00 Check 08/01/2024 11824 Accounts Payable INTEGRITY SURVEILLANCE GROUP 998.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
16636 06/30/2024 GPS TRACKER SVC FY 24/25 998.00
Check 08/01/2024 11825 Accounts Payable KBA DOCUMENT SOLUTIONS 4,532.98 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
Packet Page No. 29
200718 06/30/2024 LEASE PAYMENT 1900869002 - 06/15/24 - 07/14/24 4,342.60 200720 06/25/2024 LEASE PAYMENT 1900869004 - 06/15/24 - 07/14/24 190.38 Check 08/01/2024 11826 Accounts Payable KIM TURNER 999.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount5129 07/10/2024 COMM1-009 10/02/2024 - C SIMON 999.00 Check 08/01/2024 11827 Accounts Payable L.N. CURTIS & SONS 171.22 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code AmountINV842086 07/08/2024 MAFF GEAR-CERVANTES 7/2/24 171.22 Check 08/01/2024 11828 Accounts Payable LPC SERVICES, INC. 267.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount75561 07/08/2024 PEST SERVICES - CITY HALL #102699 07/08/24 267.00 Check 08/01/2024 11829 Accounts Payable MEYERS NAVE 395.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount219598 07/18/2024 LEGAL SERVICES THROUGH JUNE 30, 2024 395.00 Check 08/01/2024 11830 Accounts Payable MIKE YORKS INVESTIGATIONS 2,100.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount2024-13 06/30/2024 BACKGROUND INVESTIGATIONS 06/26-06/30/24 975.002024-12 06/30/2024 BACKGROUND INVESTIGATIONS 05/17-06/30/24 1,125.00 Check 08/01/2024 11831 Accounts Payable MISTERSOFTEENORCAL 506.85 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount072024 07/19/2024 SOFT SERVE ICE CREAM TRUCK FOR CAMP ASH STREET 7/24/24 506.85 Check 08/01/2024 11832 Accounts Payable MOORE RECREATION THERAPY AND

CONSULTING INC
5,250.00
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount1 06/28/2024 ADAPTIVE PROGRAMMING ASSESSMENT & PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT 7/25/24
5,250.00
Check 08/01/2024 11833 Accounts Payable OMAR PACHECO 1,409.25 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount062224-062824EXP 07/12/2024 EXPLORER SUMMER ACADEMY 6/22-6/23/24 1,409.25 Check 08/01/2024 11834 Accounts Payable PEAK SOFTWARE SYSTEMS, INC 5,917.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount027469 07/18/2024 SOFTWARE SUBSCRIPTION FY25 5,917.00 Check 08/01/2024 11835 Accounts Payable PLACER LABS, INC. 9,261.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount12.6391 07/23/2024 SUBCNTR LOCATION BASED SVCS & ANALYTICS - 7/1/24 - 6/30/25 9,261.00 Check 08/01/2024 11836 Accounts Payable POSITIVE PROMOTIONS, INC 438.45 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount62662010 07/09/2024 CEM SUPPLIES FY25 438.45 Check 08/01/2024 11837 Accounts Payable PREFERRED ALLIANCE INC 65.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount0197029-IN 06/30/2024 RANDOM & NON-RANDOM DRUG TESTING - JUN '24 65.00 Packet Page No. 30
Check 08/01/2024 11838 Accounts Payable BAY AREA JUMP 607.50 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
279131 07/30/2024 JUMPER FOR ASH STREET CAMP 7/26/24 607.50 Check 08/01/2024 11839 Accounts Payable RUTAN & TUCKER, LLP 1,155.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
999761 07/25/2024 AREA 4 CEQA - SVCS THRU 6/30/24 1,155.00 Check 08/01/2024 11840 Accounts Payable SIRCHIE ACQUISITION COMPANY, LLC 121.34 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
0649658-IN 06/19/2024 EVIDENCE BAGS 121.34
Check 08/01/2024 11841 Accounts Payable STANDARD INSURANCE COMPANY 1,594.79 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
AUGUST 2024 07/25/2024 STANDARD - AUGUST 2024 PREMIUMS 1,594.79 Check 08/01/2024 11842 Accounts Payable SUN RIDGE SYSTEMS INC 2,630.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
RIMS-062024-0009 06/24/2024 RIMSCON FOR NARAYAN KRISHNAN 10/07-10/11/24 1,315.00RIMS-062024-0007 06/24/2024 RIMSCON FOR PETER FONG 10/07-10/11/24 1,315.00 Check 08/01/2024 11843 Accounts Payable SURF TO SNOW ENVIRONMENTAL

RESOURCE
39,718.75
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
13694 06/30/2024 MUNICIPAL STORMWATER INSPECTION SERVICES (05/01-06/30/24) 39,718.75 Check 08/01/2024 11844 Accounts Payable CLASSIC GRAPHICS 440.79 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
49799 07/12/2024 AMERICAN FLAG PRINT 440.79
Check 08/01/2024 11845 Accounts Payable TIREHUB, LLC 888.22 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
41904857 05/14/2024 TIRES-GY EAGLE RS 444.1141779755 05/07/2024 TIRES-GY EAGLE RS 444.11 Check 08/01/2024 11846 Accounts Payable TRUE NORTH COMPLIANCE SERVICES, INC.
14,545.00
Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
24-06-032 07/01/2024 BI FIELD INSPECTION AND RELATED PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 06/24 1,345.0024-06-01-032 07/01/2024 BI FIELD INSPECTION AND RELATED PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 06/24 13,200.00 Check 08/01/2024 11847 Accounts Payable H&M SOUND 25,000.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
002-2024 07/24/2024 2024 SUMMER CONCERT SERIES FINAL PAYMENT - 07/24 25,000.00 Check 08/01/2024 11848 Accounts Payable UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY 104.48 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
90135840 06/11/2024 PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING SVCS FOR MOWRY VILLAGE PROJECT - 02/24
104.48
Check 08/01/2024 11849 Accounts Payable URBAN PLANNING PARTNERS, INC. 5,480.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
Packet Page No. 31
22002-240630 07/18/2024 PROJECT MGMT SVCS - LEPAKSHI @ THORNTON - SVCS 6/30/24 5,480.00 Check 08/01/2024 11850 Accounts Payable BOSCO OIL INC DBA VALLEY OIL 25,745.33 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
198367 07/22/2024 GASOLINE 07/22/24 20,410.41
198368 07/22/2024 DIESEL FUEL 07/22/24 5,334.92
Check 08/01/2024 11851 Accounts Payable VERIZON WIRELESS 10,581.26 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
9964447511 05/18/2024 WIRELESS SERVICE 04/19-05/18/24 10,581.26 Check 08/01/2024 11852 Accounts Payable WATERPROOFING ASSOCIATES, INC. 1,145.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
49787 01/31/2024 SILLIMAN LEAK INVESTIGATION 1/26/24 1,145.00 Check 08/01/2024 11853 Accounts Payable ARTEMIS SELF DEFENSE, LLC 15,912.42 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
082024 06/21/2024 PRE-ESCALATION INSTRUCTOR RECERT AUG 2024 15,912.42 Check 08/01/2024 11854 Accounts Payable ORION SECURITY 3,916.85 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
127384 07/13/2024 UNARMED, UNIFORMED SECURITY GUARD 7/8/24 - 7/12/24 1,444.00 127445 07/20/2024 UNARMED, UNIFORMED SECURITY GUARD 7/15/24 - 7/18/24 1,046.90 127506 07/27/2024 UNARMED, UNIFORMED SECURITY GUARD 7/22/24 - 7/26/24 1,425.95 Check 08/01/2024 11855 Accounts Payable LOPEZ , CONSUELO 177.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
722303 07/30/2024 QUALIIED FOR SCHOLARSHIP AND PAID FULL PRICE 177.00 EFT 08/01/2024 1129 Accounts Payable ART BUILDS COMMUNITY LLC 322271627 / 521573215 6,300.00 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
#5 06/05/2024 CENTRAL OVERPASS PROGRESS REPORT #5 APR-MAY 2024 1,950.00#6-OLD TOWN 06/06/2024 OLD TOWN STREETSCAPE PUBLIC ART PROJECT MGMT 05/06-06/06/24 4,350.00 EFT 08/01/2024 1130 Accounts Payable CONSOR NORTH AMERICA, INC. 071006486 / 2937050 244,298.47 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
N16N131CA.00-44 04/30/2024 CENTRAL AVE OVERPASS DESIGN SERVICES, PRJ 1014 02/01-02/29/24 48,687.00 N16N131CA.00-43 02/29/2024 CENTRAL AVE OVERPASS DESIGN SERVICES, PRJ 1014 01/01-01/31/24 62,893.25 N16N131CA.00-42 02/05/2024 CENTRAL AVE OVERPASS DESIGN SERVICES, PRJ 1014 12/01-12/31/23 52,435.00 N16N131CA.00-41 01/30/2024 CENTRAL AVE OVERPASS DESIGN SERVICES, PRJ 1014 11/01-11/30/23 48,008.12 N16N131CA.00-46 07/10/2024 CENTRAL AVE OVERPASS DESIGN SERVICES, PRJ 1014 06/01-06/30/24 32,275.10 EFT 08/01/2024 1131 Accounts Payable GHA TECHNOLOGIES INC (ACH) 122100024 / 836623900 13,759.16 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
11401727 06/30/2024 NINJAONE 03/22/24 - 06/21/2025 13,759.16 EFT 08/01/2024 1132 Accounts Payable PET BENEFIT SOLUTION 021000021 / 238821802 53.75 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
169467 07/25/2024 TOTAL PET PLAN - JULY 2024 PREMIUMS 53.75 EFT 08/01/2024 1133 Accounts Payable QUADIENT FINANCE USA, INC. 011900254 / 385015844484 1,274.50 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
Packet Page No. 32
4857 - JUN '24 06/16/2024 POSTAGE - JUN '24 1,274.50
EFT 08/01/2024 1134 Accounts Payable REDWOOD PUBLIC LAW, LLP 121000358 / 325192270245 54,474.08 Invoice Date Description Check Sort Code Amount
11002 07/03/2024 LEGAL SERVICES THROUGH JUNE 30, 2024 2,530.20 11004 07/03/2024 LEGAL SERVICES THROUGH JUNE 30, 2024 1,763.40 11005 07/03/2024 LEGAL SERVICES THROUGH JUNE 30, 2024 28,195.30 11007 07/03/2024 LEGAL SERVICES THROUGH JUNE 30, 2024 65.40 11008 07/03/2024 LEGAL SERVICES THROUGH JUNE 30, 2024 101.0011016 07/03/2024 LEGAL SERVICES THROUGH JUNE 30, 2024 427.7811010 07/03/2024 LEGAL SERVICES THROUGH JUNE 30, 2024 1,562.80 11011 07/03/2024 LEGAL SERVICES THROUGH JUNE 30, 2024 4,218.30 11015 07/03/2024 LEGAL SERVICES THROUGH JUNE 30, 2024 4,170.40 11000 07/03/2024 LEGAL SVCS/CCCMA ASSISTED LIVING FAC/SVCS THRU 6/30/24 3,181.00 10651 06/01/2024 LEGAL SERVICES - LEPAKSHI PROJECT - SVCS THRU 5/31/24 5,684.00 11003 07/03/2024 LEGAL SERVICES - LEPAKSHI PROJECT - SVCS THRU 6/30/24 2,574.50 AP ZBA ACCOUNTS PAYABLE Totals: Transactions: 69 $1,634,387.27 Checks: 63 $1,314,227.31EFTs: 6 $320,159.96
Packet Page No. 33




   
 








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Packet Page No. 54
Item  D. 2.

DATE 09/12/2024
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Sheila Harrington, City Clerk
SUBJECT    Approval of minutes: June 27 (special and regular meetings), July 8, July 25, and August 5.

Attachments
June 27 Special Meeting
June 27 Regular Meeting
July 8 Special Meeting
July 25 Regular Meeting
August 5 Special Meeting
Packet Page No. 55
City of Newark | Newark City Council
Mayor Michael K. Hannon | Vice Mayor Luis L. Freitas | Council Members: Maria “Sucy” Collazo and Matthew Jorgens

Minutes
Special Meeting
Thursday, June 27, 2024
6:30 P.M

A. ROLL CALL
Mayor Hannon called the meeting to order at 6:30 p.m. Vice Mayor Freitas and Council Members Jorgens were present. Council Member Collazo was noted absent.

B. CITY MANAGER REPORTS

1. Provide direction regarding how to fill City Council Member vacancy City Attorney Kokotaylo announced that Council Member Bucci resigned from the City Council effective on June 27, 2024, at 5 p.m. He gave a presentation outlining the City Council options to leave the seat vacant and call an election to fill the unexpired term or to appoint an individual to fill the vacated seat until the election.

Presentation on file with City Clerk.

Jason Miguel stated his support for leaving the seat vacant until the election. He stated the appointee would have an unfair advantage if they ran for the seat.

Mayor Hannon stated that at least 3 council members were needed for a quorum and known future absences made that difficult. He recommended the application process, interviews on July 8, and appointment to fill the seat until the November election results were certified for the remainder of the term.

Council Member Jorgens stated that he struggled with an appointment at this late date. If they appoint someone who runs for the seat, incumbents typically do not lose elections in Newark. He thought it would benefit the potential candidate.

Packet Page No. 56
Page No. 2
City of Newark City Council Minutes June 27, 2024
Vice Mayor Freitas stated his preference to interview candidates on July 8th.

Council Member Jorgens stated they had a quorum for this meeting and anticipated that they would continue to have quorums.

Mayor Hannon moved, Vice Mayor Freitas seconded to hold an application process from June 28 to July 7 at 5 pm., interview qualified candidates on July 8 and make a decision that night to fill the vacancy until the November election results were certified. The motion passed, 3 AYES, 1 ABSENT.

Council Member Jorgens explained that he voted affirmatively to allow this process to move forward, but that 3 affirmative votes would be needed to appoint someone.

City Manager Benoun requested that the Council Members submit any potential questions for the interviews to staff.

C. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Hannon adjourned the meeting at 7:05 p.m.

Packet Page No. 57
City of Newark | Newark City Council
Mayor Michael K. Hannon | Vice Mayor Luis L. Freitas | Council Members: Maria “Sucy” Collazo and Matthew Jorgens .

Minutes
Thursday, June 27, 2024
7:00 P.M.

A. ROLL CALL
Mayor Hannon called the meeting to order at 7:15 p.m. Vice Mayor Freitas and Council Member Jorgens were present.

City Attorney Kokotaylo announced that Council Member Collazo requested to participate in the meeting remotely based on an emergency medical need. Per Assembly Bill 2449 the City Council would need to vote on whether to allow Council Member Collazo to participate in the meeting.

Vice Mayor Freitas moved, Council Member Jorgens seconded to allow Council Member Collazo to participate in the meeting via Zoom. The motion passed, 3 AYES.

Council Member Collazo joined the meeting via Zoom.

Mayor Hannon announced that because Council Member Collazo was attending the meeting via Zoom, the webinar would be activated to allow the public to participate via Zoom.

Mayor Hannon announced that Council Member Bucci resigned from the City Council and that the City Council voted at a special meeting to open an application period from June 28 to July 7 for the vacancy until the election. The Council will meet on July 8th to consider the applications.

Mayor Hannon announced that he would consider item F.1 first to allow Council Member Collazo to participate in the decision-making process.

Packet Page No. 58
Page No. 2
City of Newark City Council Minutes June 27, 2024
F.1 Consider for adoption a resolution calling an election to be held on November 5, 2024, for voter consideration of a ballot measure seeking voter authorization to amend Municipal Code Chapter 3.16 to increase the City’s existing transient occupancy (hotel) tax; establishing policies and procedures in connection with such an election; requesting the Board of Supervisors of the County of Alameda to consolidate the general municipal election with the general election to be held on November 5, 2024; requesting certain services of the Registrar of Voters of Alameda County with respect to the consolidated general municipal election; and providing for submittal of ballot arguments and rebuttals and authorizing the filing of an impartial analysis
Resolution No. 11650
City Manager Benoun stated that the City has a 10% Transient Occupancy (Hotel) Tax, that provides funding for services. He stated that funding was needed for the replacement of fire stations, maintenance needs, and to implement the various Master Plans. If a 4% hotel tax increase was approved by the voters, it would increase the tax by $2.1 million annually. He reviewed the steps to place this proposed increase on the November 5, 2024 election. Presentation on file with the City Clerk.

No one from the public requested to speak
Council Member Collazo stated this tax would only apply to visitors using Newark hotels.

City Manager Benoun stated that due to technical issues, the clean version of the proposed ordinance was included in the packet and the proposed redlines ordinance should be included in the motion.

Council Member Jorgens moved, Council Member Collazo seconded to Call an Election To Be Held On November 5, 2024, For Voter Consideration Of A Ballot Measure Seeking Voter Authorization To Amend Municipal Code Chapter 3.16 To Increase The City’s Existing Transient Occupancy (Hotel) Tax; Establishing Policies And Procedures In Connection With Such An Election; Requesting The Board Of Supervisors Of The County Of Alameda To Consolidate The General Municipal Election With The General Election To Be Held On November 5, 2024; Requesting Certain Services Of The Registrar Of Voters Of Alameda County With Respect To The Consolidated General Municipal Election; And Providing For Submittal Of Ballot Arguments And Rebuttals And Authorizing The Filing Of An Impartial Analysis, with the redlined version of the ordinance. The motion passed, Packet Page No. 59
Page No. 3
City of Newark City Council Minutes June 27, 2024
4 AYES.

Council Member Collazo thanked everyone for their well wishes. She wished everyone a safe and happy Fourth of July. Shop Newark.

Council Member Collazo exited the meeting at 7:42 pm.

B. PRESENTATIONS

1. Introduction of employee(s)
Mayor Hannon introduced: Police Officer Lor, Administrative Support Specialist II Coulthard, Building Maintenance Mechanic I Thomas, General Laborer Manukia, Landscape and Parks Maintenance I Ruiz, and General Laborer Ayala.

C. PUBLIC COMMENT
Fario Martinez requested that the City Council ban all flavored tobacco products, and make tobacco products more expensive to discourage use.

City Manager Benoun stated that staff will have a recommendation for the City Council in September.

D. CONSENT CALENDAR
City Manager Benoun requested the removal of D. 15 from the agenda due to a lack of quorum to consider the item.

Vice Mayor Freitas moved, Council Member Jorgens seconded, to approve Consent Calendar items D.1 to D.14 and D.16, that the resolutions be numbered consecutively, and that reading of the titles suffice for adoption. The motion passed, 3 AYES, 1 ABSENT.

1. Approval of Audited Demands

2. Approval of June 13, 2024, minutes
Packet Page No. 60
Page No. 4
City of Newark City Council Minutes June 27, 2024

3. Adopt a resolution calling and giving notice of the holding of a General Municipal Election on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, for the election of certain officers of the City of Newark
Resolution No. 11651

4. Adopt a resolution amending the Personnel Rules and Regulations and introduction by title only of an ordinance amending Newark Municipal Code Chapter 2.28, "Personnel System"
Resolution No. 11652
Ordinance Introduced

5. Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute Contractual Service Agreements for Geotechnical Engineering and Peer Review Services, Materials Testing Services, Traffic Signal and Street Light Maintenance Services, and Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning Services with the following consultants: Cotton, Shires and Associates, Inc.; Geocon Consultants, Inc.; Construction Testing Services, Inc.; Cal-West Lighting and Signal Maintenance, Inc.; St. Francis Electric, LLC; Fehr and Peers; GHD, Inc.; and Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc.

Resolution No. 11653
Contract Nos. 24052-24060

6. Adopt a resolution awarding a contract for the Base Bid and Additive Alternate Bids No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 to G. Bortolotto & Company, Inc. for 2024 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1344
Resolution No. 11654
Contract No. 24064

7. Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute an agreement with Alameda County for participation in the Alameda County Urban County for Fiscal Year 2024-2025
Resolution No. 11655
Contract No. 24065

8. Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute a Contractual Services Agreement with West Coast Arborists, Inc. for ongoing maintenance services of City trees located in parks, streets and City-owned properties Resolution No. 11656
Contract No. 24066
Packet Page No. 61
Page No. 5
City of Newark City Council Minutes June 27, 2024

9. Adoption of a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute Amendment No. 1 to the Contractual Services Agreement with Universal Building Services and Supply Company for janitorial services for City buildings Resolution No. 11657
Contract No. 22067

10. Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute the first amendment to the agreement with Alameda County for participation in the Alameda County Urban County
Resolution No. 11658
Contract No. 23040

11. Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Attorney to annually execute a Certification and Mutual Indemnification Agreement with the County of Alameda
Resolution No. 11659
Contract No. 24067

12. Adopt a resolution declaring that there is no need for the Successor Agency to the Redevelopment Agency to function in the community and requesting that the Alameda County Oversight Board approve the dissolution of the Successor Agency
Resolution No. 11660

13. Year-End Budget Review and Adoption of a Resolution Amending the 2022- 2024 Biennial Budget and Capital Improvement Plan for Fiscal Year 2024 Resolution No. 11661

14. Adopt a resolution approving the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017 (Senate Bill 1) Fiscal Year 2025 Project List
Resolution No. 11662

15. Pulled from agenda Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute a Cooperative Agreement with the Alameda County Water District for water main design and construction associated with the Old Town Streetscape Improvements, Project 1258
Packet Page No. 62
Page No. 6
City of Newark City Council Minutes June 27, 2024

16. Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute a Contractual Services Agreement with Cumming Management Group, Inc., for Construction Management Services for Newark Resource Center, Project 1360 Resolution No. 11663
Contract No. 24068
E. PUBLIC HEARINGS

1. Public hearing to consider adoption of a resolution approving amendments to the Master Fee Schedule for Fiscal Year 2025
Resolution No. 11664
Senior Planner Lopez stated that the City’s development impact fees adjustments are on an annual basis based on the Engineering News Record Construction Cost Index for San Francisco. Based on the May 2024 Index, the development impact fees must be decreased by 1.1%.

Mayor Hannon opened the public hearing at 8:04 p.m.

No one requested to speak.

Mayor Hannon closed the public hearing at 8:05 p.m.

Moved by Council Member Jorgens, seconded by Mayor Hannon, to adopt the resolution. The motion passed 3 AYES, 1 ABSENT.

2. Adopt a resolution approving the 2024-2026 Biennial Budget and Capital Improvement Plan
Resolution No. 11665
Finance Director Lee gave the staff report recommending approval. She highlighted specific edits that were made to the Biennial Budget document at the request of the City Council. The presentation is on file with the City Clerk.

Mayor Hannon opened the public hearing at 8:15 p.m.

No one requested to speak.

Mayor Hannon closed the public hearing at 8:16 p.m.

Packet Page No. 63
Page No. 7
City of Newark City Council Minutes June 27, 2024
Moved by Council Member Jorgens, seconded by Vice Mayor Freitas to adopt the resolution. The motion passed 3 AYES, 1 ABSENT
Mayor Hannon called for a recess at 8:17 p.m. The meeting resumed at 8:25 p.m.

3. Public Hearing and Introduce By Title Only an Ordinance Approving and Re Adopting a Military Equipment Use Policy as Stated in Chapter 2.50, “Military Equipment Use Policy” to Title 2. "Administration and Personnel" of the Newark Municipal Code in compliance with Assembly Bill 481 Ordinance Introduced
Police Lieutenant Simon stated that Assembly Bill 481 requires the Police Department to provide a Military Equipment annual report and for the City Council to vote on the renewal annually. He gave the annual presentation.

Presentation on file with City Clerk
Mayor Hannon opened the public hearing at 8:31 p.m.

No one requested to speak.

Mayor Hannon closed the public hearing at 8:32 p.m.

Mayor Hannon moved, Council Member Jorgens seconded to introduce the Ordinance. The motion passed, 3 AYES, 1 ABSENT
F. OTHER BUSINESS

1. Consider for adoption a resolution calling an election to be held on November 5, 2024, for voter consideration of a ballot measure seeking voter authorization to amend Municipal Code Chapter 3.16 to increase the City’s existing transient occupancy (hotel) tax; establishing policies and procedures in connection with such an election; requesting the Board of Supervisors of the County of Alameda to consolidate the general municipal election with the general election to be held on November 5, 2024; requesting certain services of the Registrar of Voters of Alameda County with respect to the consolidated general municipal election; and providing for submittal of ballot arguments and rebuttals and authorizing the filing of an impartial analysis Packet Page No. 64
Page No. 8
City of Newark City Council Minutes June 27, 2024
Considered out of order earlier in the agenda.

2. Presentation of final designs for Citywide Parks Signage Program, Project 1272
Junior Engineer Reyes shared the revised citywide parks signage design based on the City Council’s comments at the previous meeting with the placement of the city logo, the enlarged font for “City of Newark”, and the incorporation date of the park. She also shared the consultants revised design with the city logo in Blue in the concrete base. Presentation on file with the City Clerk
The City Council discussed the revised designs.

In response to Vice Mayor Freitas, Dickson Kaiser, GNU Group stated that with proper care, the sign color should be durable.

Jason Miguel asked if the City considered using local artists to create designs that would deter graffiti.

Mayor Hannon stated that the City Council was seeking uniformity in the park signs.

Mayor Hannon moved, Council Member Jorgens seconded to approve the consultants recommended design. The motion passed, 3 AYES, 1 ABSENT.

In response to City Council requests, City Manager Benoun stated the placement of the signs, the proposed text for the history of the parks, and park names could be considered in the Fall.

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City of Newark City Council Minutes June 27, 2024
G. CITY COUNCIL MATTERS
Council Member Jorgens requested public comment on the City’s Active Transportation Plan on the city website. He stated this was a sad day with Council Member Bucci’s resignation and he thought the City Council was better with him on it.

Vice Mayor Freitas stated that he was happy to see Council Member Collazo on Zoom. The design for the Central Avenue Overpass project update is 90% complete. He complimented the Recreation and Community Services Department for the Juneteenth event. He wished everyone a Safe and Sane Fourth of July.

Mayor Hannon thanked Council Member Bucci for his service to the community.

Mayor Hannon stated that he would adjourn the meeting in memory of Denise Fullerton.

H. CITY MANAGER UPDATES
I. CLOSED SESSION
J. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Hannon adjourned the meeting, in memory of Denise Fullerton, at 8:59 p.m.

Packet Page No. 66
City of Newark | Newark City Council
Mayor Michael K. Hannon | Vice Mayor Luis L. Freitas | Council Members: Maria “Sucy” Collazo and Matthew Jorgens

Minutes
Special Meeting
Monday, July 8, 2024
6:00 P.M
A. ROLL CALL
Mayor Hannon called the meeting to order at 6:05 p.m. Vice Mayor Freitas and Council Member Jorgens were present.

1. Vote to allow Council Member Collazo to participate remotely due to emergency circumstances as a result of a physical medical emergency per Assembly Bill 2449
City Attorney Kokotaylo stated that as a result of a medical procedure, Council Member Collazo could not attend in person and was seeking permission to participate remotely.

Moved by Vice Mayor Freitas, seconded by Council Member Jorgens to allow Council Member Collazo to participate remotely. The motion passed, 3 AYES.

Council Member Collazo joined the meeting via Zoom.

Mayor Hannon announced that the public would also be allowed to offer public comment over Zoom for this meeting and shared the meeting id number.

B. CITY MANAGER REPORTS

1. Interview City Council applicants and adopt resolutions making an appointment to fill the City Council vacancy and/or calling and giving notice of the holding of Packet Page No. 67
Page No. 2
City of Newark City Council Minutes July 8, 2024
a special election for the purpose of electing an individual to fill the remaining unexpired term of the former incumbent to be consolidated with the general municipal election on Tuesday, November 5, 2024
Mayor Hannon stated that one of the candidates requested a zoom interview and that he did not support an online interview, the City Council concurred.

The Mayor thanked the candidates for applying.

2. The following candidates were interviewed:

Ana Apodaca, Phil Bloxom, Daniel Cardenas, Lucia Gutierrez, Eve Little At 7:28 p.m. Mayor Hannon called for a recess. The meeting resumed at 7:38 p.m.

The interviews resumed with:

Raju Mathew, Jason Miguel, Fatima Shaikh
Mayor Hannon thanked the applicants for their time. He stated that he was looking for a placeholder and not someone who would run for office.

The City Council members each shared their agreement for a placeholder appointee.

Mayor Hannon moved, Vice Mayor Freitas seconded to adopt a resolution appointing Ana Apodaca to fill the vacancy on the City Council (through the certification of the November 5, 2024 election results). The motion passed, 4 AYES.

Resolution No. 11666
Mayor Hannon moved, Council Member Jorgens seconded, to adopt a resolution calling and giving notice of a special election to fill a vacancy on the Newark City Council for the remainder of a four-year term; requesting The Alameda County Board of Supervisors to consolidate the election with the general election to be held November 5, 2024; and requesting services of the Registrar of Voters. The motion passed, 4 AYES.

Resolution No. 11667
Vice Mayor Freitas stated that he would not seek re-election.

Packet Page No. 68
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City of Newark City Council Minutes July 8, 2024
Mayor Hannon thanked Vice Mayor Freitas for his 29 years of service.

C. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned at 8:46 p.m.

Packet Page No. 69
City of Newark | Newark City Council
Mayor Michael K. Hannon | Vice Mayor Luis L. Freitas | Council Members: Maria “Sucy” Collazo, Matthew Jorgens, and Ana Apodaca

Minutes
Thursday, July 25, 2024
7:00 P.M.

A. ROLL CALL
Mayor Hannon called the meeting to order at 7:05 p.m. Council Members Jorgens and Apodaca were present. Vice Mayor Freitas and Council Member Collazo were noted absent.

B. PRESENTATIONS

1. Ceremonial Oath of Office for Council Member Ana Apodaca Alameda County Supervisor Elisa Márquez administered the Oath of Office to Council Member Apodaca and presented her with a Certificate of Appointment.

2. Proclamation for the Portuguese Fraternal Society of America Council No. 16 Holy Ghost Festival
Mayor Hannon presented the proclamation to John Nunes.

3. Introduction of employee(s)
Mayor Hannon introduced: Howard Young, Public Works Director, Violetta Berlanga, Police Officer, Matt Reymundo, Public Safety Dispatch Supervisor, Shobna Sharma, Community Engagement Manager, Deepa Iyer, Management Analyst II, James Yonathan, Building Inspector I.

Mayor Hannon called for a recess at 7:32 p.m. The meeting resumed at 7:38 p.m.

Packet Page No. 70
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City of Newark City Council Minutes July 25, 2024
C. PUBLIC COMMENT
Robert Thomas announced the Solid Rock Community Services Annual Health and Back to School Fair to be held on August 3.

Jacinta Arteaga congratulated Council Member Apodaca on her appointment. She thanked Council Member Collazo and Edda Rivera for their work on the Mariachi Festival and hoped there would be continued support.

Mayor Hannon stated that the Mariachi Festival was well attended and would continue in the future.

Mary Bonilla expressed her displeasure with the maintenance of Landscaping and Lighting District No. 11. She requested that the vote be tabled in order to reconsider the budget.

Han Lambruschini and Harita Veereshlingam requested City assistance to discourage drivers from speeding through their neighborhood. City Manager Benoun referred them to staff members in the audience.

D. CONSENT CALENDAR
Council Member Jorgens moved, Council Member Apodaca seconded, to approve Consent Calendar items D.1 to D.12, that the resolutions and ordinances be numbered consecutively, and that reading of the titles suffice for adoption. The motion passed, 3 AYES, 2 ABSENT.

1. Approval of Audited Demands

2. Waive full reading, conduct second reading by title only, and adoption of an ordinance re-adopting Chapter 2.50, “Military Equipment Use Policy”, to the Newark Municipal Code
Ordinance No. 549

3. Waive full reading, conduct second reading by title only, and adoption of an ordinance amending Chapter 2.28 of the Newark Municipal Code "Personnel System"
Ordinance No. 550
Packet Page No. 71
Page No. 3
City of Newark City Council Minutes July 25, 2024

4. Adopt a resolution approving a Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS") Agreement with ClearGov for ClearGov Insights Suite, Budget Suite, and Digital Budget Book
Resolution No. 11668
Contract No. 24061

5. Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute an amendment to the Microsoft Enterprise Agreement with Dell Marketing, L.P. (Dell) and amending the 2024-2026 Biennial Budget and Capital Improvement Plan Resolution No. 11669

6. Adopt resolutions: (1) amending the Employee Classification Plan to delete and add multiple classifications; (2) amending the Compensation and Benefit Plan for the Management, Supervisory and Professional Employee Group; (3) amending the City's Salary Schedule in conformance with California Code of Regulations, Title 2, Section 570.5; (4) amending the 2024-2026 Biennial Budget and Capital Improvement Plan; and (5) approving a Side Letter to the Memorandum of Understanding with the Newark Police Association Resolution No. 11670 - 11671

7. Adopt a resolution approving a Side Letter to the Memorandum of Understanding between the City of Newark and the Newark Association of Miscellaneous Employees
Resolution No. 11672

8. Adopt a resolution establishing the Fiscal Year 2025 Tax Appropriations Limit Resolution No. 11673

9. Resolution granting permission to Vice Mayor Freitas and Council Member Collazo to be absent from City Council meetings
Resolution No. 11674

10. Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute an amended Contractual Equipment and Services Agreement with RJMS Corporation DBA Toyota Material Handling of Northern California for the purchase of a subcompact sweeper
Packet Page No. 72
Page No. 4
City of Newark City Council Minutes July 25, 2024
Resolution No. 11675
Contract No. 23077

11. Adopt a resolution accepting the bid and awarding the contract for the Base Bid and Additive Alternate Bid No. 1 to VSS International, Inc. for 2024 Slurry Seal Program, Project No. 1345 (CIPA10006.FY2024); Exempt from CEQA review per CEQA Guidelines Section 15301
Resolution No. 11676
Contract No. 24062

12. Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute a Cooperative Agreement with the Alameda County Water District for water main design and construction associated with the Old Town Streetscape Improvements, Project 1258
Resolution No. 11677
Contract No. 24063
E. PUBLIC HEARINGS

1. Hearing to consider property owners' objections and adopt a resolution confirming the Superintendent of Streets' Report concerning weed abatement assessments
Resolution No. 11678
City Manager Benoun gave the staff report recommending approval.

Mayor Hannon opened the public hearing at 7:56 p.m.

No one requested to speak.

Mayor Hannon closed the public hearing at 7:57 p.m.

Moved by Council Member Apodaca, seconded by Council Member Jorgens to adopt the resolution. The motion passed 3 AYES, 2 ABSENT.

2. Public Hearing for Landscaping and Lighting District Nos. 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 and Adopt a Resolution Confirming Diagrams and Assessments and Levying and Collection of Assessments for Landscaping and Lighting District Nos. 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 for Fiscal 2025 and Order the Packet Page No. 73
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City of Newark City Council Minutes July 25, 2024
Dissolution of Landscaping and Lighting District Nos. 6, 10 and 13 Commencing in Fiscal Year 2025
Resolution No. 11679
City Manager Benoun stated that Landscaping and Lighting District Nos. 2 and 11 were being continued to August 5, 2024, due to a lack of a quorum.

Management Analyst Oeverndiek gave the staff report recommending approval.

Mayor Hannon opened the public hearing at 8:00 p.m.

No one requested to speak.

Mayor Hannon closed the public hearing at 8:01 p.m.

Moved by Council Member Apodaca, seconded by Council Member Jorgens to adopt the resolution with the removal of Landscaping and Lighting District Nos. 2 and 11. The motion passed 3 AYES, 2 ABSENT.

F. OTHER BUSINESS

1. Adopt a resolution approving the Broadband Master Plan Resolution No. 11680
Chief Information Officer/Information Technology Director Miranda gave the presentation with consultant Jeff Lewis. Presentation on file with City Clerk.

No one requested to speak.

Moved by Council Member Jorgens, seconded by Council Member Apodaca to adopt the resolution. The motion passed 3 AYES, 2 ABSENT.

2. Chief of Police Arguello presentation of the 2023 Newark Police Department Annual Report
Informational Only
Chief of Police Arguello and Police Captain Macias gave the presentation.

Presentation on file with City Clerk.

Packet Page No. 74
Page No. 6
City of Newark City Council Minutes July 25, 2024
No one requested to speak.

Council Member Jorgens requested that future presentations include the collision calls overlayed on a map, and to include details on the School Resource Officer (SRO) calls for service. He asked when the SRO position would be restored.

Mayor Hannon requested a breakdown of the types of crimes that were not prosecuted by the District Attorney in future presentations.

Chief of Police Arguello stated that he anticipated the SRO would be filled in the fall and would include the requested information in future presentations.

This item was informational only.

G. CITY MANAGER UPDATES
City Manager Benoun stated that Bay Area Community Health will host a health fair at the Alan L. Nagy Library on August 10, 2024. National Night Out would be held on August 6, 2024.

H. CITY COUNCIL MATTERS
Council Member Apodaca stated it was good to be back and thanked staff.

Council Member Jorgens welcomed Council Member Apodaca.

Mayor Hannon welcomed Council Member Apodaca and thanked Supervisor Márquez for her attendance. He provided an update on the Senior Advisory Committee meeting and thanked the Committee Members.

I. CLOSED SESSION

1. Conference with legal counsel - Existing Litigation
Pursuant to California Government Code Section 54956.9(d)(1) Name of Case: In re National Prescription Opiate Litigation (National opioid litigation involving Kroger)
Case No. 1:17-MD-2804
No one requested to speak.

Packet Page No. 75
Page No. 7
City of Newark City Council Minutes July 25, 2024
At 9:35 p.m. the City Council recessed to a closed session.

At 9:36 p.m. the City Council convened in closed session, with the exception of Vice Mayor Freitas and Council Member Collazo.

At 9:45 p.m. the City Council reconvened in open session will all Council Members present, with the exception of Vice Mayor Freitas and Council Member Collazo.

J. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Hannon adjourned the meeting at 9:45 p.m.

Packet Page No. 76
City of Newark | Newark City Council
Mayor Michael K. Hannon | Vice Mayor Luis L. Freitas | Council Members: Maria “Sucy” Collazo, Matthew Jorgens, and Ana Apodaca

Minutes
Special Meeting
Monday, August 5, 2024
6:00 P.M

A. ROLL CALL
Mayor Hannon called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m. Vice Mayor Freitas and Council Member Jorgens were present. Council Members Collazo and Apodaca were noted absent.

B. CITY MANAGER REPORTS

1. Continued Public Hearing for Landscaping and Lighting District Nos. 2 and 11 and adopt a Resolution Confirming Diagrams and Assessments and Levying and Collection of Assessments for Landscaping and Lighting District Nos. 2 and 11 for Fiscal Year 2025
Management Analyst Oeverndiek gave the staff report recommending approval.

Mayor Hannon opened the public hearing at 6:04 p.m.

Mary Bonilla stated her concerned about budget and asked if the City Council would revisit the assessment. She highlighted Lake improvement needs.

Ed Espinoza, City Consultant stated that Landscaping and Lighting District No. 11 funded the maintenance of the medians near the Lake but not the Lake itself.

The maximum assessment is levied annually and may only be increased with property owner approval.

Mayor Hannon closed the public hearing at 6:10 p.m.

Packet Page No. 77
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City of Newark City Council Minutes August 5, 2024
Vice Mayor Freitas moved, Council Member Jorgens seconded to adopt the resolution. 3 AYES, 2 ABSENT.

Mayor Hannon thanked the Police and Fire Departments for their response to a fire on Thornton Avenue.

C. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Hannon adjourned the meeting at 6:13 p.m.

Packet Page No. 78
Item  D. 3.

DATE 09/12/2024
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Michael Carmen, Assistant Engineer
SUBJECT    Adopt a resolution accepting work with VSS International, Inc. for FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the City Council, by resolution, accept the work with VSS International, Inc., authorize the filing of a Notice of Completion with the County Recorder of Alameda County, and authorize the release of bonds and retention for Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301.

BACKGROUND
Pursuant to Resolution No. 11,529, adopted on June 22, 2023, the City Council awarded a contract to VSS International, Inc. as the low bidder for FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301. FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301 included the placement of 79,355 square yards of asphalt rubber cape seal, 310,655 square feet of Type II polymer modified asphalt emulsion slurry seal, and patch paving at various locations throughout the City.  The use of 79,355 square yards of asphalt rubber cape seal diverted approximately 5,000 tires from entering local landfills. The streets that received rubberized cape seal include: Alpine Street, Arden Street, Benicia Avenue, Blackwood Drive, Cabernet, Avenue, Castillon Drive, Cinnabar Court, Ebbetts Street, Fair Avenue/Court, Flintwood Drive, Greenpoint Street/Court, Jacaranda Drive/Court, Lakewood Drive/Court, Levi Street, Montcalm Avenue, Plummer Avenue, Quartz Place, Rosewood Drive, San Antonio Street/Way, St. Isabel Avenue, St. Mary Street, and Truckee Court.  The streets that received Type II polymer modified asphalt emulsion slurry seal include:

Acorn Place, Aleppo Drive, Galletta Drive, Mandarin Avenue, Guava Place, and Newark Boulevard.  The scope of the work on Newark Boulevard also included the installation of Class IV separated bikeway and restriping between Thornton Avenue and Central Avenue.

DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS
Staff has reviewed and inspected the entire scope of work which has now been Packet Page No. 79
Staff has reviewed and inspected the entire scope of work which has now been satisfactorily completed in accordance with the approved project plans and specifications and all applicable standards.  Pursuant to the State of California Public Contract Code, staff now recommends formal acceptance of the work.

FISCAL IMPACT
On June 22, 2023, the City Council awarded a contract in the amount of $1,716,000 to VSS International, Inc.  Staff also recommended including a construction contingency in the amount of $184,000, which brought the total recommended allocation for the project to $1,900,000.

The total expensed amount for the FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301 is $1,693,844.74.  The project was completed within the original allocated budget using Highway Users Tax Account and grant funds received from the Rubberized Pavement Grant Program administered by the California Department of Resources and Recycling and Recovery (Cal Recycle).

REVIEW AND APPROVAL
Review and Approval –
Prepared by – Michael Carmen, Assistant Engineer
Reviewed by – Diana Cangco, Acting City Engineer
Reviewed by - Howard Young, Public Works Director
Reviewed by - Krysten Lee, Finance Director
Reviewed by - Kristopher J. Kokotaylo, City Attorney
Approved by - David J. Benoun, City Manager
Attachments
Resolution FY Rubberized Cap Seal Project 1301
Before & After Pictures
Packet Page No. 80
RESOLUTION NO.

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

NEWARK ACCEPTING THE WORK WITH VSS
INTERNATIONAL, INC. FOR FY 2023 RUBBERIZED CAPE
SEAL AND SLURRY SEAL, PROJECT 1301
WHEREAS, the City of Newark entered into a contract with VSS International, Inc., pursuant to Resolution No. 11,529, adopted June 22, 2023, for FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal, Project 1301, in the City of Newark; and
WHEREAS, VSS International, Inc. has successfully completed the improvements for FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal, Project 1301, in accordance with plans and specifications for the contract; and
WHEREAS, said work has been completed to the satisfaction of the City Engineer.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark hereby accepts the improvements for FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal, Project.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark hereby authorizes the release of bonds guaranteeing completion of the work.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark hereby authorizes the filing of a Notice of Completion with the Office of the County Recorder of Alameda County, California.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark hereby authorizes the City to issue payment including the release of a final retention payment to VSS International, Inc. for the completion of FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301, pursuant to the agreement with VSS International, Inc.

Packet Page No. 81
ATTACHMENT - PROJECT 1301 PHOTOS (BEFORE AND AFTER)
Figure 1: Newark Boulevard at Thornton Avenue (Before)
Figure 2: Newark Boulevard at Thornton Avenue After Patch Paving, Application of Slurry Seal, New Lane Striping, Class IV Separated Bikeway, and High Visibility Ladder Crosswalk
Packet Page No. 82
Figure 3: Newark Boulevard in Front of City Hall and Library (Before) Figure 4: Newark Boulevard in Front of City Hall and Library After Patch Paving, Application of Slurry Seal, New Lane Striping, and Class IV Separated Bikeway Packet Page No. 83
Figure 5: Southwest corner of Newark Boulevard at Civic Terrace Avenue-Class II On-Street Bike Lane (Before)
Figure 6: Newark Boulevard at Civic Terrace Avenue After Installation of New Class IV Separated Bikeway, Bike Lane Symbol With Green Thermoplastic and High Visibility Ladder Crosswalk Packet Page No. 84
Figure 7 Guava Place (before)
Figure 8: Guava Place After Patch Paving and Placement of Slurry Seal Packet Page No. 85
Figure 9: Arden Street (Before)
Figure 10: Arden Street After Patch Paving and Application of Rubberized Cape Seal Packet Page No. 86
Figure 11: Jacaranda Drive (Before)
Figure 12: Jacaranda Drive After Patch Paving, Application of Rubberized Cape Seal, New Striping, New High Visibility Continental Crosswalk
Packet Page No. 87
Figure 13: Montcalm Avenue (Before)
Figure 14: Montcalm Avenue After Patch Paving, Application of Rubberized Cape Seal, and New Striping
Packet Page No. 88
Figure 15: Ebbetts Street (Before)
Figure 16: Ebbetts Street After Patch Paving, Application of Rubberized Cape Seal, and New Striping
Packet Page No. 89
Item  D. 4.

DATE 09/12/2024
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Diana Cangco, Acting City Engineer
SUBJECT    Adopt a resolution approving proposed Change Order No. 1 for FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1300 with G. Bortolotto & Company and approving a budget amendment for reappropriation of funds from FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301 to FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1300; exempt from CEQA review per CEQA Guidelines Section 15301
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
On May 11, 2023, the City Council awarded a contract to G. Bortolotto & Company, Inc. for the Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project No. 1300 for $2,052,005 with a $247,995 construction contingency, for a total not to exceed project contract amount of $2,300,000.  The project scope includes localized patch paving repair, pavement grinding, placement of new asphalt concrete pavement, traffic signal loop installations, and general restriping on various City streets.  To address additional needs for urgent pavement repairs, an additional not to exceed amount of $105,000 is needed to cover the increased quantities related to the street repairs.

Staff recommends that City Council adopt a resolution approving and authorizing the City Manager or his designee to execute proposed Change Order No. 1 for FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1300 with G. Bortolotto & Company to increase the not to exceed contract amount by $105,000 for a total not to exceed amount of $2,405,000, and approve a budget amendment for reappropriation of funds from FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301 to FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Overlay Program, Project 1300 in an amount equal to the not to exceed amount of the proposed Change Order No. 1.

BACKGROUND
Due to the recent heavy rain events and the aging asphalt concrete pavement, there was a need to urgently address pavement failures on additional streets, resulting in an increase in quantities related to the street repairs.  The additional street repairs resulted in an increase of a not to exceed amount of $105,000 above the not to exceed contract amount of $2,300,000.  Therefore, an approval for a proposed Change Order No. 1 for Packet Page No. 90
FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1300 with G. Bortolotto & Company is needed for the additional repairs.

DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS
On May 11, 2023, the City Council awarded a contract to G. Bortolotto & Company for the FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1300 with a not to exceed contract amount of $2,300,000.  The proposed Change Order No. 1, to address additional pavement failures, will be an increase of a not to exceed amount of $105,000, increasing the approved not to exceed contract amount  of $2,300,000 to $2,405,000.

On June 22, 2023, the City Council awarded a contract to VSS International, Inc. for the FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal, Project 1301 with a not to exceed contract amount of $1,900,000.  Work is now complete and the total expensed amount for the FY2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal, Project No. 1301 is $1,693,844.74.  The remaining not to exceed contract amount is $206,155.26.  The savings from the FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal, Project No. 1301 can be applied to the proposed Change Order No. 1 of FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project No. 1300 by reappropriating the funds from FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301 to FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1300 after the project closeout of FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301.

FISCAL IMPACT
The proposed Change Order No. 1 increases the not to exceed contract amount of $2,300,000 by $105,000 for a new not to exceed contract amount of $2,405,000.  The proposed Change Order No. 1 amount for FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1300 will be reappropriated from previously approved Capital Improvement Funds.  The budget allocation will be as follows:

Account Description Amount
TO: 201.90.091.910.6221.CIP001300
FY 2022-2023
Asphalt
Concrete Street
Overlay Program,
Project 1300
$105,000
FROM: 201.90.091.910.6221.CIP001301
FY 2022-2023
Rubberized Cape
Seal and Slurry
Seal Program,
Project 1301
$105,000
FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301 is complete, and would not be affected by the transfer of funds.

ENVIRONMENTAL/PLANNING COMMISSION REVIEW
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The repair and maintenance of existing facilities is categorically exempt under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) section 15301 (Existing Facilities).

REVIEW AND APPROVAL
Prepared by - Diana Cangco, Acting City Engineer
Reviewed by - Howard Young, Public Works Director
Reviewed by - Krysten Lee, Finance Director
Reviewed by - Kristopher J. Kokotaylo, City Attorney
Approved by -David J. Benoun, City Manager
Attachments
1051_Resolution
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RESOLUTION NO.

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
NEWARK APPROVING PROPOSED CHANGE ORDER NO. 1
FOR FY 2023 ASPHALT CONCRETE STREET OVERLAY
PROGRAM, PROJECT 1300 WITH G. BORTOLOTTO &

COMPANY AND APPROVING A BUDGET AMENDMENT
FOR REAPPRORIATING FUNDS FROM FY 2023

RUBBERIZED CAPE SEAL AND SLURRY SEAL PROGRAM,
PROJECT 1301 TO FY 2023 ASPHALT CONCRETE STREET
OVERLAY PROGRAM, PROJECT 1300
WHEREAS, the City of Newark entered into a Public Works Contract Agreement with G.

Bortolotto & Company for the FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1300, in an amount not to exceed $2,300,000; and
WHEREAS, additional pavement repairs were necessary, which increased the quantities related to the street repairs, resulting in a proposed Change Order No. 1; and WHEREAS, said proposed Change Order No. 1 increased the Public Works Contract Agreement amount by a not to exceed amount of $105,000 for a total not to exceed amount of $2,405,000.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark does hereby approve the proposed Change Order No. 1 to the Public Works Contract Agreement with G. Bortolotto & Company to increase the not to exceed amount of the Public Works Agreement to $2,405,000.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark does hereby authorize the City Manager or his designee to execute the proposed Change Order No. 1.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark does hereby authorize the budget amendment for reappropriating funds from FY 2023 Rubberized Cape Seal and Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301 to FY 2023 Asphalt Concrete Street Overlay Program, Project 1300 as follows:

To: 201.90.091.910.6221.CIP001300 FY2022-2023 Asphalt Concrete $105,000 Street Overlay Program, Project 1300
From: 201.90.091.910.6221.CIP001301 FY 2022-2023 Rubberized Cape Seal $105,000 And Slurry Seal Program, Project 1301
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Item  D. 5.

DATE 09/12/2024
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Sheila Harrington, City Clerk
SUBJECT    Report on administrative actions during August recess At the November 9, 2023, meeting, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 11577 authorizing the City Manager, or Acting City Manager, to act on certain administrative matters which should not be deferred until the next regularly scheduled meeting of the City Council.  The City Council directed the City Manager to report to the City Council after the recess on all such actions.

It is recommended that the City Council, by motion, affirm the City Manager's, or Acting City Manager's, action on the matters listed in Exhibit A.

Attachments
Exhibit A
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Item  D. 6.

DATE 09/12/2024
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Roya Gonzalez, Senior Management Analyst
SUBJECT    Adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to execute a Contractual Services Agreement with Art Builds Community for on-call public art consulting services in the amount not to exceed $135,000 and amend the 2024-2026 Biennial Budget and Capital Improvement Plan to appropriate $135,000 from the Art in Public Places Fund
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
The implementation of the City’s Public Art Master Plan requires the planning and execution of several projects and administrative tasks during the first year. To provide public art expertise and advice to staff, an on-call public art consultant is needed. Staff recommends that the City Council, by resolution, authorize the City Manager to enter into a Contractual Services Agreement with Art Builds Community in an amount not to exceed $135,000 for on-call public art consulting services.

BACKGROUND
The Public Art Master Plan May 2024 Update was approved by City Council on June 13, 2024. The Plan outlines a strategic framework for the development, implementation, and management of a robust public art program in Newark. The first year's implementation plan includes several projects and administrative tasks, including:

Continuing the inclusion of public art in the Central Overpass Project Continuing to coordinate public art in the Old Town Streetscape Project Implementing the Utility Box Art program
Developing a rotating art exhibit in the lobby of City Hall Establishing the Public Art Committee
Creating a Public Art Ordinance and revising the Art in Public Places Fee Finalizing recommended public art policies
To achieve the ambitious goals of the Plan and complete the tasks listed for year one, it is recommended to have dedicated public art staff, with technical assistance from consulting services as needed.

The 2024-2026 Biennial Budget and Capital Improvement Plan, approved on June 27, 2024, includes the addition of a new Recreation Supervisor position. This role will be Packet Page No. 203
2024, includes the addition of a new Recreation Supervisor position. This role will be responsible for the implementation of the Public Art Master Plan, among other duties.

To successfully complete these tasks, on-call public art consulting service is needed.

DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS
Art Builds Community is a women-led firm specializing in public art planning, consulting, policy, curation, and community engagement. They have extensive experience working with several public entities, including the cities of Richmond and Livermore and the County of Santa Clara.

During the development of the Public Art Master Plan, two existing CIP projects were identified - the Central Overpass Project and Old Town Streetscape Project - as ideal for the inclusion of public art. To successfully incorporate public art into these projects, staff identified a need for professional public art consulting and entered into an agreement with Art Builds Community to provide those services.

Due to the successful work completed under that agreement and the ongoing need for public art expertise, staff recommends authorizing a Contractual Services Agreement with Art Builds Community in an amount not to exceed $135,000 to provide on-call consulting services during FY 2024-2025. This will provide City staff access to public art expertise and resources to implement the tasks identified as priorities in the first year of the Public Art Master Plan May 2024 Update. The scope of work would include, but not be limited to:

Assisting the City in identifying potential members for the Public Art Committee Assist staff on developing the request for qualifications and managing the implementation of the Utility Box Art program
Assist staff on the incorporation of public art in the Central Overpass project Assist staff on the incorporation of public art in the Old Town Streetscape project FISCAL IMPACT
Staff requests authorization to amend the 2024-2026 Biennial Budget and Capital Improvement Plan to allocate $135,000 from the fund balance of the Art in Public Places Fund (Fund 626) for this agreement.

Additionally, this authorization includes the ability to carry over any unused appropriation into the next fiscal year.

REVIEW AND APPROVAL
Prepared by - Roya Gonzalez, Senior Management Analyst
Reviewed by - Lenka Hovorka, Assistant City Manager
Reviewed by - Krysten Lee, Finance Director
Reviewed by - Kristopher J. Kokotaylo, City Attorney
Approved by - David J. Benoun, City Manager
Attachments
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1065_Resolution_ABC
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RESOLUTION NO.

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

NEWARK AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO

EXECUTE A CONTRACTUAL SERVICES AGREEMENT
WITH ART BUILDS COMMUNITY, LLC. FOR PUBLIC ART

CONSULTING SERVICES AND AUTHORIZING AN
AMENDMENT OF THE 2024-2026 BIENNIAL BUDGET AND

CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLAN TO APPROPRIATE ART IN

PUBLIC PLACES FUNDS TO FUND THIS AGREEMENT
WHEREAS, on June 13, 2024 City Council approved the Public Art Master Plan May 2024 Update; and
WHEREAS, the Public Art Master Plan May 2024 Update includes a year one implementation plan with several projects and administrative tasks; and WHEREAS, the City will require public art consulting service to augment staff resources and provide public art expertise to successfully implement those tasks; and WHEREAS, based on staff’s evaluation, Art Builds Community, LLC is a qualified firm that can provide those services; and
WHEREAS, Art Builds Community’s costs to provide public art consulting services are not to exceed $135,000.

NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark herby authorizes the City Manager to execute the Contractual Services Agreement in a form approved by the City Attorney, with Art Builds Community, LLC. in an amount not to exceed $135,000 for public art consulting services.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark hereby authorizes an amendment to the 2024-2026 Biennial Budget and Capital Improvement Plan by appropriating $135,000 as follows:

FROM:

Description Account Amount
Art in Public Places Fund Balance 626.3000 $135,000
TO:

Description Account Amount
Art in Public Places Contractual Services 626.20.020.200.6221 $135,000 BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark hereby further authorizes the carryover of any unused appropriation from this allocation into the following fiscal year.

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Item  F. 1.

DATE 09/12/2024
TO Honorable Mayor and City Council Members
FROM Richard Martinez, Emergency Coordinator
SUBJECT    Adopt a resolution approving the 2024 Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) requires communities to have a current and approved local hazard mitigation plan. The City's 2017 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan was recently updated through a multi-jurisdictional collaborative, community engagement process. Staff recommends that the City Council adopt a resolution approving the City of Newark 2024 Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update and City of Newark Annex B.

BACKGROUND
In 1988 Congress enacted the Stafford Act, which amended the Federal Disaster Relief Act of 1974.  The Stafford Act established the need for Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation Assistance and established a fund to assist states in preparing for pre-disaster mitigation plans. The Act establishes and details preparation of a community’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) and authorized the President to promulgate regulations through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) that require communities to have a current and approved plan to be eligible for Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) project grant funding.

The Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA) of 2000 (Public Law 106-390) requires local governments to develop and adopt pre-disaster mitigation plans in order to minimize property damage and the risk to public health and safety that might otherwise result from the effects of a natural or human-made disaster. A Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) approved plan also allows the City to be eligible for FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation and Hazard Mitigation Grant programs. Such plans identify the hazards a community or region faces, assesses their vulnerability to the hazards, and identifies specific actions that can be taken to reduce these risks.

In 2006, the State of California passed Assembly Bill 2140 that allows cities to adopt FEMA approved LHMPs into the Safety Element of the General Plan.  AB2140 requires jurisdictions to adopt the LHMP into the Safety Element of the General Plan in order to Packet Page No. 207
jurisdictions to adopt the LHMP into the Safety Element of the General Plan in order to be fully eligible for disaster relief funding under the California Disaster Assistance Act.

In 2015, California passed Senate Bill (SB) 379, which requires assessment of vulnerabilities and risks associated with climate change to be incorporated into the LHMP.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 as amended in the Stafford Act as part of the Federal Regulations, Stafford Act Title 44, Chapter 1, Part 201 also requires LHMPs to be updated every five years. The City of Newark last adopted a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) in 2017, identifying mitigation measures to reduce the risks posed by potential hazards and to strengthen community resilience. The LHMP is also incorporated by reference into the Safety Element of the General Plan and forms the basis of several of the General Plan policies, ensuring a coordinated approach to public safety and qualifying the City for additional funding opportunities (consistent with California Government Code Section 65302.6).

To update the 2017 LHMP, the City sought funding FEMA provides through the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) to award funding to cities and counties to develop a LHMP.  In 2022, the City of Fremont was awarded $250,000 to prepare a multi-jurisdictional LHMP that included five partners - the City of Newark, City of Fremont, City of Union City, Alameda County Water District (ACWD) and Union Sanitary District (USD). The partnership was formed to pool resources and to create a uniform hazard mitigation strategy that can be consistently applied to the defined planning area and used to ensure eligibility for specified grant funding success.

On February 14, 2023, the City Council approved a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) via Resolution No. 11,471 between the City of Newark, City of Union City, City of Fremont, Alameda County Water District, and Union Sanitary District for the development of a Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (Plan). These partners then embarked on a planning process to prepare for and lessen the impacts of specified natural hazards through the development of the Plan, including engaging steering and planning committees, stakeholders and the community to develop the plan. This effort represents the fourth comprehensive update to the initial hazard mitigation plan. The initial plan was approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in November 2005 and developed in partnership with the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG). The second update was another regional effort lead by ABAG in 2010.  The third (and current) update was a 2016-2021 plan adopted in 2017 that included the cities of Newark and Union City, Alameda County Water District, Union Sanitary District, and Newark Unified School District. The planning area for the hazard mitigation plan then was defined as the Union City/Newark Operational Area.

In the latest revision, the 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update is a multi-jurisdictional plan that geographically covers the entire area within the boundaries of the cities of Newark, Union City, and Fremont, as well as the service areas of the special districts of Alameda County Water District and the Union Sanitary District. This Plan was developed with the assistance of Foster Morrison Consulting, Ltd. (Foster Morrison) with the planning area now defined as the Tri-City Operational Area. FEMA Packet Page No. 208
and the California Office of Emergency Services reviewed the Plan and determined it is eligible for their approval, pending approval by the governing boards of each jurisdiction.

DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS
Mitigation is defined in this context as any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to life and property from a hazard event. Mitigation planning is the systematic process of learning about the hazards that can affect the community, setting clear goals, identifying appropriate actions and following through with an effective mitigation strategy.  Mitigation encourages long-term reduction of hazard vulnerability and can reduce the enormous cost of disasters to property owners and all levels of government. Mitigation can also protect critical community facilities, reduce exposure to liability, and minimize post-disaster community disruptions.

The 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update (Plan) consists of seven chapters in the Base Plan, followed by Annexes for each jurisdiction and special district, as well as accompanying Appendices. Annex B is the City of Newark’s jurisdictional annex. Each jurisdiction and special district’s annex include the following sections: Introduction, Planning Process, Community Profile, Risk Assessment, Capability Assessment, and Mitigation Strategy. Additionally, the Plan is aligned with the goals, objectives and priorities of the State’s multi-hazard mitigation plan.

A Planning Committee comprised of representatives from all jurisdictions and special districts, in association with contractor Foster Morrison, worked together to develop the Plan. All participating partners have been responsible for assisting in the development of the hazard and vulnerability assessments and the mitigation action strategies for their respective jurisdictions and special districts.  The Plan presents the accumulated information in a unified framework to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated plan covering the entire Tri-City Operational Area. Each planning partner has been responsible for the review and approval of their individual sections of the Plan.

Aside from the Planning Committee, a Steering Committee comprised of representative stakeholders from the City of Newark, City of Union City, and City of Fremont, non-local government and public representatives was established to guide Plan development.

Residents were asked to contribute by sharing local knowledge of vulnerabilities to natural hazards based on past occurrences.  Public involvement was also solicited through a comprehensive public outreach campaign that included three rounds of public meetings, web-based information, a questionnaire, and multiple social media updates.

With the exception of dam failure, this plan does not provide a full risk assessment of human-caused hazards. For Newark, the following hazards were considered a priority for purposes of mitigation action planning in the Plan:

Climate Change (incorporated as a summary assessment of current and anticipated impacts for each identified hazard of concern) Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise
Dam Failure
Drought & Water Shortage
Earthquake
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Earthquake
Floods: 1%/0.2% annual chance
Floods: Localized Stormwater
Landslides
Levee Failure
Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze
Severe Weather: Extreme Heat
Severe Weather: Heavy Rains and Storms
Severe Weather: High Winds and Tornadoes
Tsunami
Wildfire
To mitigate these hazards, 17 specific actions were identified and are outlined in Table B-74 of the attachment titled "Tri-City LHMP Update Annex B City of Newark". Nine of the 17 mitigation actions were newly added and the remaining eight were carried over from the former LHMP adopted in 2017. Background information and details on how each action will be implemented and administered, such as ideas for implementation, responsible office, potential funding, estimated cost, and timeline are also included.

These mitigation actions were developed based on the mitigation strategy comprised of seven goals developed by the Planning team to reduce risks and vulnerabilities to identified natural hazards within the Tri-City Planning area.

Upon adoption of the Plan and the City of Newark’s Annex, Newark will be eligible to apply for specified grants. The adoption of the plan ensures continued eligibility for funding under FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) programs. The grant funds are made available to states and local governments and can be used to implement the long-term hazard mitigation measures specified within the City’s Annex of the Plan before and after a major disaster declaration. The Plan is considered a living document such that, as awareness of additional hazards develops and new strategies and projects are conceived to offset or prevent losses due to natural disasters, it will be evaluated and revised on a continual basis in the five-year time frame. The next required written update of the Plan must be completed by mid-2029.

FISCAL IMPACT
There is no fiscal impact associated with this action.

REVIEW AND APPROVAL
Prepared by - Richard Martinez, Emergency Services Coordinator Reviewed by - Lenka Hovorka, Assistant City Manager
Reviewed by - Krysten Lee, Finance Director
Reviewed by - Kristopher J. Kokotaylo, City Attorney
Approved by - David J. Benoun, City Manager
Attachments
Resolution - Tri-City LHMP Update
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Tri-City LHMP Update Report
Tri-City LHMP Update Annex B City of Newark
Tri-City LHMP Update Appendix A Planning Process
Tri-City LHMP Update Appendix B References
Tri-City LHMP Update Appendix C Mitigation Strategy
Tri-City LHMP Update Appendix D Adoption Resolution
Tri-City LHMP Update Appendix E Threatened and Endangered Species Tri-City LHMP Update Appendix F Critical Facilities
Tri-City LHMP Update Appendix G Survey Results
Tri-City LHMP Update Appendix H Hazus Reports
Presentation
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RESOLUTION NO.

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
NEWARK ADOPTING THE 2024 TRI-CITY LOCAL HAZARD

MITIGATION PLAN UPDATE
WHEREAS, the City of Newark recognizes the threat that natural hazards pose to people and property within City of Newark; and
WHEREAS, the City of Newark has prepared a multi-hazard mitigation plan, hereby known as the 2024 Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) Update, in accordance with federal laws, including the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended; the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended; and the National Dam Safety Program Act, as amended; and
WHEREAS, the 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update, identifies mitigation goals and actions to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property in City of Newark from the impacts of future hazards and disasters; and
WHEREAS, adoption by the City of Newark demonstrates its commitment to hazard mitigation and achieving the goals outlined in the 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update; and WHEREAS, the City of Newark seeking Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) approval of hazard mitigation plan desires to comply with the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act and to augment its emergency planning efforts by formally adopting the 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update by reference into the Safety Element of the General Plan in accordance with the requirements of AB 2140.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark hereby:

1. Adopts in its entirety, the 2024 Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) Update, including Annex B, the City of Newark jurisdictional annex, as well as accompanying Appendices;

2. Will use the adopted and approved portions of the LHMP to guide pre- and postdisaster mitigation of the hazards identified;

3. Will coordinate the strategies identified in the LHMP with other planning programs and mechanisms under its jurisdictional authority;

4. Will continue its support of the Planning Committee and continue to participate in the partnership for plan implementation and maintenance as described by the LHMP; and

5. Will help to promote and support the mitigation successes of all LHMP Planning Partners.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City of Newark adopts the 2024 Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) Update by reference into the Safety Element of the General Plan in accordance with the requirements of AB 2140.

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BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Newark will submit this resolution to the California Office of Emergency Services and FEMA Region IX officials to enable the plan’s final approval in accordance with the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 and to establish conformance with the requirement of AB 2140.

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Executive Summary
The cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City, together with the Alameda County Water District (ACWD) and the Union Sanitary District (USD), comprise the five participating jurisdictions to the 2024 Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP or Plan) Update. These organizations jointly agreed to develop a unified LHMP Update. This 2024 Tri-City LHMP combines and updates the separate 2016 City of Fremont LHMP, the 2017 Union City/Newark LHMP (which included the City of Newark, Union City, Alameda County Water District, and Union Sanitary District), and the 2022 Alameda County Water District LHMP Update.

The 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update is a multi-jurisdictional plan that geographically covers the entire area within the boundaries of the cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City, as well as the service areas of the special districts of Alameda County Water District and the Union Sanitary District. (hereinafter referred to as the Tri-City Planning Area or Planning Area). The following jurisdictions participated in the planning process and are seeking FEMA approval of the LHMP Update:
➢ City of Fremont
➢ City of Newark
➢ City of Union City
➢ Alameda County Water District
➢ Union Sanitary District
The purpose of this 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update and hazard mitigation planning is to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property, critical facilities and infrastructure, natural and historic and cultural resources, and other community assets from future hazard events and natural disasters. This LHMP Update (which updates the 2016, 2017, and 2022 LHMPs into one LHMP) demonstrates the participating jurisdictions’ commitment to reducing risks from hazards and serves as a tool to help decision makers direct mitigation activities and resources. This LHMP Update was also developed in order for the five participating jurisdictions to be eligible for certain federal disaster assistance, specifically, the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) program, and the Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program.

Each year in the United States, natural disasters take the lives of hundreds of people and injure thousands more. Nationwide, taxpayers pay billions of dollars annually to help communities, organizations, businesses, and individuals recover from disasters. These monies only partially reflect the true cost of disasters, because additional expenses to insurance companies and nongovernmental organizations are not reimbursed by tax dollars. Many natural disasters are predictable, and much of the damage caused by these events can be alleviated or even eliminated through natural hazard mitigation. 2024 LHMP Update Plan Development Process
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prioritized, and implemented. This LHMP Update documents the 2024 hazard mitigation planning process and identifies relevant hazards, community risk and vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies the participating jurisdictions will use to decrease vulnerability and increase resiliency and sustainability in the Tri-City Planning Area.

This LHMP Update was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390), the implementing regulations set forth by the Interim Final Rule published in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002, (44 CFR §201.6) and finalized on October 31, 2007, and current FEMA guidance. Tri-City jurisdictions followed a planning process prescribed by FEMA as detailed in Table ES-1.

Table ES-1 Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Process
DMA Process Modified CRS Process
1) Organize Resources
201.6(c)(1) 1) Organize the Planning Effort
201.6(b)(1) 2) Involve the Public
201.6(b)(2) and (3) 3) Coordinate with Other Departments and Agencies 2) Assess Risks
201.6(c)(2)(i) 4) Identify the Hazards
201.6(c)(2)(ii) 5) Assess the Risks
3) Develop the Mitigation Plan
201.6(c)(3)(i) 6) Set Goals
201.6(c)(3)(ii) 7) Review Possible Activities
201.6(c)(3)(iii) 8) Draft an Action Plan
4) Implement the Plan and Monitor Progress
201.6(c)(5) 9) Adopt the Plan
201.6(c)(4) 10) Implement, Evaluate, and Revise the Plan The planning process began with the organizational phase to establish the Planning Committee, comprised of key Tri-City jurisdictional representatives, and other local and regional stakeholders; to involve the public; and to coordinate with other departments and agencies. A detailed risk assessment was then conducted followed by the development of a focused mitigation strategy for the Tri-City Planning Area and specific to each participating jurisdiction. Once approved by Cal OES and FEMA, this 2024 LHMP Update will be adopted and implemented by the five participating jurisdictions over the next five years.

Risk Assessment
A natural hazard risk assessment was conducted that identified and profiled hazards that pose a risk to the Tri-City Planning Area and to each participating jurisdiction, assessed the vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area and jurisdictions to these hazards, and examined the existing jurisdictional capabilities to mitigate identified hazards.

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The Tri-City Planning Area is vulnerable to numerous hazards that are identified, profiled, and analyzed in this 2024 LHMP Update. Wildfires, floods, earthquakes, drought, dam failure, and other severe weather events are among the hazards that can have a significant impact on the Planning Area. Table ES-2 details the hazards identified for this 2024 LHMP Update.

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Table ES-2 Tri-City Planning Area Hazard Identification Assessment Hazard
Geographic
Extent
Likelihood of
Future
Occurrences
Magnitude/
Severity Significance
Climate
Change
Influence
Climate Change Extensive Highly Likely Critical High –
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise Limited Highly Likely Limited Med-High High Dam Failure Sig – Ext. Unlikely Catastrophic High Medium Drought & Water Shortage Extensive Likely Limited Medium High Earthquake Extensive Occasional/
Highly Likely
Catastrophic High Low
Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance Significant Occasional Critical High High Flood: Localized/Stormwater Flooding Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium Medium Landslide Limited Likely Limited Medium Medium
Levee Failure Limited Unlikely Limited Medium Medium
Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and
Freeze
Extensive Highly Likely Limited Low-Med Medium
Severe Weather: Extreme Heat Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium High Severe Weather: Heavy Rain and Storms Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium Medium Severe Weather: High Winds and
Tornadoes
Extensive Highly Likely Negligible Low-Med Medium
Subsidence Limited Likely Negligible Low Medium
Tsunami Limited Unlikely Limited Low-Med Low
Wildfire Limited Highly Likely Critical Medium Medium
Geographic Extent
Limited: Less than 10% of planning
area
Significant: 10-50% of planning area
Extensive: 50-100% of planning area
Likelihood of Future Occurrences
Highly Likely: Near 100% chance of
occurrence in next year, or happens
every year.

Likely: Between 10 and 100% chance of
occurrence in next year, or has a
recurrence interval of 10 years or less.

Occasional: Between 1 and 10%
chance of occurrence in the next year, or
has a recurrence interval of 11 to 100
years.

Unlikely: Less than 1% chance of
occurrence in next 100 years, or has a
recurrence interval of greater than every
100 years.

Magnitude/Severity
Catastrophic: More than 50 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than 30 days; and/or multiple deaths Critical: 25-50 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for at least two weeks; and/or injuries and/or illnesses result in permanent disability
Limited: 10-25 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than a week; and/or injuries/illnesses treatable do not result in permanent disability
Negligible: Less than 10 percent of property severely damaged, shutdown of facilities and services for less than 24 hours; and/or injuries/illnesses treatable with first aid
Significance
Low: Minimal potential impact
Medium: Moderate potential impact
High: Widespread potential impact
Climate Change Influence
Low: Minimal potential impact
Medium: Moderate potential impact
High: Widespread potential impact
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Mitigation Strategy
Based on the results of the risk assessment, a mitigation action strategy was developed to reduce the TriCity Planning Area’s risk and vulnerability to identified natural hazards. The resulting mitigation strategy is comprised of goals and objectives, and a mitigation action plan which includes a series of mitigation actions, projects, and implementation measures. The 2024 LHMP Update Goals and Objectives are detailed below followed by a summary table of the 2024 mitigation actions and projects.

GOAL 1: Reduce risk and vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area to natural hazards (including climate change considerations) and prevent injuries, loss of life, and damage to property, economy, and the environment.

Objectives
➢ Minimize damage to homes, businesses, and public facilities. ➢ Promote public health and safety.
➢ Make every effort to reduce the impacts of hazards and disasters to potable and rechargeable water systems, as well as to wastewater systems.
➢ Promote a disaster resilient and healthy community that adapts to changing climate conditions and mitigates the effects of hazard impacts.
➢ Plan for and implement whole community risk reduction and resiliency strategies. ➢ Identify and integrate mitigation strategies into capital improvement programs. ➢ Reduce risk and vulnerability through the equitable and accessible planning and implementation of hazard mitigation actions and priorities.

GOAL 2: Provide protection and minimize impacts to critical facilities, infrastructure, and community lifelines. Create redundancy and reliability to significantly reduce risk of interruption or failure, minimize loss and the impacts of a disaster, and facilitate recovery.

Objectives:
➢ Identify and implement infrastructure improvements and risk reduction measures to ensure reliability and readiness before, during, and after a disaster.
➢ Identify and secure emergency equipment and resources vital to effective disaster mitigation, response, and recovery efforts.
➢ Develop contingency plans to reduce critical facility and infrastructure failures.

GOAL 3: Promote public education, awareness, and understanding of natural hazards and the risk and vulnerability they present to quality of life, property, environment, and the economy.

Objectives:
➢ Utilize a wide range of outreach and educational tools to engage and educate the whole community, including actions to take before, during, and after a hazard event to build a disaster resistant community. ➢ Foster a culture of resilience by energizing and educating the community. ➢ Encourage individual responsibility and self-sufficiency to minimize impacts to natural hazards.

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➢ Establish and outreach evacuation routes and options for sheltering in place for all hazards including potentially large-scale disasters associated with earthquake and dam failure.

Goal 4: Build capacity and capabilities to increase disaster resilience for all hazards with a focus on the whole community.

Objectives:
➢ Develop and enhance public alert and warning capabilities and effectively communicate to the public. ➢ Build and support local capacity and reduce barriers to enable the community to prepare for, respond to, and recover from natural disasters.
➢ Establish and enhance interagency and public-private collaboration and relationships, data sharing, use of shared resources, and mitigation partnerships to reduce hazard related losses, and accelerate recovery, while being respectful of limited tax resources. ➢ Establish a financial plan specific to hazard mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. ➢ Increase use of new technologies and high-quality data. ➢ Identify and enhance resources necessary to support implementation of capital projects and improvements that effectively mitigate hazards and impacts to the community. ➢ Develop and provide temporary response and recovery capabilities as needed to support communications, food and shelter, and other resources.
➢ Promote sharing of emergency plans and procedures with all regional partners, including critical partners such as the Red Cross.

Goal 5: Value the natural environment as a partner, recognize the ecological services provided by nature and harness these ecological processes to mitigate hazards.

Objectives:
➢ Preserve and protect natural resources.
➢ Integrate and maximize the integration of natural and beneficial functions of environmental resources into mitigation actions and projects where feasible.
➢ Mitigate undesirable disaster outcomes for the environment, watersheds, and quality of life.

Goal 6: Integrate mitigation principles and strategies into laws, regulations, policies, and guidance to promote cross -functional planning and regulatory initiatives and to support equitable outcomes to benefit the whole community.

Objectives:
➢ Increase disaster resilience among historically underserved populations, individuals with a disability or access and functional needs, and communities disproportionately impacted by disasters and climate change.

Goal 7: Build earthquake resiliency, prevent and reduce earthquake impacts, and mitigate undesirable earthquake outcomes.

Objectives:
➢ Make life safety a priority.

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➢ Make every effort to reduce impacts of earthquake to potable and rechargeable water systems and to wastewater systems.
➢ Conduct comprehensive, interagency earthquake planning to include mitigation strategies, education and outreach, and detailed procedures for response and recovery. ➢ Mitigate secondary hazards associated with earthquake events including fire ignition and spread and prioritize measures for minimizing impacts to critical facilities, infrastructure, and community lifelines.

Based on the risk assessment review and goal setting process, the HMPC identified mitigation actions (Table ES-3), which provide direction for reducing future hazard-related losses within the Tri-City Planning Area and specific to each participating jurisdiction.

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Table ES-3 Tri-City Planning Area Mitigation Actions
Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
City of Fremont Actions
Multi-Hazard Actions
Action 1. In the Safety Element of
the General Plan, update reference to
the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.

New Action X X Public Information,
Prevention, Property
Protection
Action 2. Promote multi-hazard
home mitigation strategies through
public education and outreach.
2016 Action
(modified)
X X X Public Information,
Prevention, Property
Protection
Action 3. In the Fremont Municipal
Code, continuously adopt, or exceed,
California Building Code standards.
2016 Action
(modified)
X X Prevention, Property
Protection
Action 4. Maintain and expand
auxiliary power capabilities at
identified Critical Facilities.
2016 Action
(modified)
Emergency Services,
Structural Projects
Action 5. Enhance GIS mapping
of natural hazard risks, with Critical
Facilities and Lifeline overlays.
2016 Action
(modified)
Prevention,
Emergency Services
Action 6. Enhance GIS mapping
of real-time threat and hazard
conditions, with Emergency Services
overlays.
2016 Action
(modified)
Emergency Services,
Public Information
Action 7. Improve failover data
and voice communications capabilities
in support of emergency response and
continuity of operations.
2016 Action
(modified)
Emergency Services
Action 8. Study the feasibility of
constructing a new emergency
operations center facility.

New Action Emergency Services
Action 9. Enhance Public Alert
and Warning capabilities.

New Action Public Information,
Emergency Services
Action 10. Improve the resilience
and safety of electrical and natural gas
utilities.

New Action X X Prevention,
Structural Projects
Climate Change Actions
Action 11. Implement Climate Ready
Fremont.
2016 Action X X Prevention,
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 12. Implement the Urban
Forest Management Plan.

New Action X X Prevention,
Natural Resource
Protection
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Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 13. Prioritize growth in
transit-oriented development areas, as
identified in the General Plan, and
along designated corridors intersecting
those areas. Preserve open space in
shoreline and hill areas.

New Action X X Property Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise; Dam Failure; Flood: 1%/0.2%, Localized Flooding; Levee Failure; Severe Weather: Heavy Rain and Storms, Wind Actions
Action 14. Maintain or improve the
City of Fremont’s National Flood
Insurance Program, Community
Rating System classification.
2016 Action X X X Prevention,
Property Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection,
Emergency Services,
Public Information
Action 15. CRS Activities 310-370:

Maintain and expand Public
Information regarding flood risk,
conducting regular public outreach.

New Action X X X Prevention,
Public Information,
Property Protection
Action 16. CRS Activities 410-450:

Maintain and update floodplain
Mapping and Regulations
New Action X X X Prevention,
Public Information,
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 17. Conduct flood damage
reduction projects, including but not
limited to regular drainange system
maintenance and projects to identify,
assess, and mitigate flood damage and
impacts.
2016 Action
(modified)
X X X Prevention,
Natural Resource
Protection,
Structural Projects
Action 18. CRS Activities 610-630:

Maintain and improve flood Warning
and Response capabilities.

New Action X X X Public Information,
Emergency Services,
Structural Projects
Action 19. Prevent and protect
against embankment failure and floodinduced debris flows along waterways located within City-owned properties.

New Action X X X Prevention, Property
Protection
Action 20. Become a recognized
National Weather Service
StormReady® community.

New Action X X X Public Information,
Emergency Services
Action 21. Coordinate with owners
of Extremely High Hazard and High
Hazard dams which may inundate
areas of Fremont by reviewing
Emergency Action Plans, providing
updated emergency contacts, and
participating in periodic exercises.

New Action X X X Public Information,
Emergency Services
Earthquake Actions
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Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 22. Assess the status of all
buildings subject to the “Earthquake
Hazard Reduction and Retrofit”
provisions of the Fremont Municipal
Code. Conduct enforcement of any
subject buildings which do not
comply.
2016 Action
(modified)
X Prevention,
Property Protection
Action 23. Develop seismically
resilient water supply solutions to
support post-earthquake firefighting
operations.
2016 Action
(modified)
X X Property Protection,
Structural Projects,
Emergency Services
Action 24. Evaluate seismic risk to
Lifelines (e. g., roads and bridges,
water, natural gas, and/or electrical
distribution) using data collection and
Hazus modeling.

New Action X X Structural Projects
Action 25. Ensure development
complies with the Alquist-Priolo
Earthquake Fault Zone Act, and
otherwise avoid development of
public facilities or intensive residential,
commercial, or industrial development
in the immediate vicinity of the
Hayward Fault.

New Action X Property Protection
Action 26. Implement earthquake
early warning technologies to protect
emergency services and the public.

New Action X X Public Information
Emergency Services
Property Protection
Landslide Actions
Action 27. Land protection from
landslides through geotechnical
monitoring
2016 Action
(modified)
X X Prevention.

Property Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 28. Prevent and protect
against landslide and mudslides
through slope stabilization, retaining
walls, and other improvements.

New Action X X Prevention.

Property Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection
Tsunami Actions
Action 29. Post Tsunami Zone and
Tsunami Evacuation Route signage in
designated Tsunami Hazard Areas.

New Action X X X Public Information
Action 30. Become a recognized
National Weather Service
TsunamiReady® community.

New Action X X X Public Information,
Emergency Services
Wildfire Actions
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Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 31. Conduct vegetation
management on public and private
property to reduce wildfire risk.
2016 Action
(modified)
X X Prevention,
Property Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 32. Support neighborhoodbased applications to become recognized Firewise USA®
Communities, in accordance with
National Fire Prevention Association
standards.

New Action X X Prevention,
Property Protection,
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 33. In areas prone to
wildfire, prevent and protect against
heat-induced failure of roadways and
utilities by using heat-resistant
construction materials.

New Action X X Prevention,
Structural Projects
Action 34. Improve air filtration
systems at select public facilities (i. e.,
those otherwise fit to function as Air
Quality Relief Centers) to effectively
mitigate the effects of wildfire smoke.

New Action Emergency Services
City of Newark Actions
Multi-Hazard Actions
Action 1. Integrate Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan into Safety Element of
General Plan
New Action X X Prevention
Action 2. Enhance Public
Education and Awareness of Natural
Hazards and Public Understanding of
Disaster Preparedness
New Action X X Public Information
Action 3. Continuously adopt the
most current building standards and
include appendices to mitigate hazards
such as but not limited to Floods,
Wildfires, and Earthquake.

New Action X X X Prevention
Action 4. Hardening and Retrofit of
Existing Facilities
New Action X X Prevention
Emergency Services
Property Protection
Action 5. Critical Facilities Back-Up
Power
2017 Action X X Prevention
Emergency Services
Property Protection
Action 6. Update and enhance the
GIS data systems and mapping for
water-related climate hazards /
Mapping Water-Related Climate
Hazards
New Action X X Prevention
Climate Change Actions
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Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 7. Sea Level Rise Resiliency
Plan
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise, Dam Failure, Flood 1%/0.2%, Localized Flooding, Severe Weather Heavy Rains and Storm Actions
Action 8. Maintain good standing
under NFIP and create public outreach
program and awareness
New Action X X X Prevention
Public Information
Action 9. Partner with Alameda
County Flood Control and Water
Conservation District (ACFCD) to
identify mitigation option for various
projects
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Property Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 10. Alameda County Flood
Control and Water Conservation Water
District (ACFCD) Line H and Line I
Improvements
2017 Action X X X Property Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 11. Install storm drainage
improvements at Lindsay Tract
2017 Action X X X Property Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 12. Develop a Storm Drain
Master Plan
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Property Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 13. Ensure Emergency
Action Plans from Dam partners has
current emergency contacts in their
plans and that we participate in
exercises conducted by our partners
New action X X Prevention
Property Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Earthquake and Tsunami Actions
Action 14. Complete railroad
overcrossing at Central Avenue
2017 Action X X Structural Projects
Action 15. Establish Tsunami zone
& evacuation route signage in City’s
designated areas and education program
New action X X Prevention
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Wildfire and Severe Weather Extreme Heat Actions
Action 16. Replace Eucalyptus
Groves with non-hazardous tree species
2017 Action X X Prevention
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 17. Urban Forest Master Plan
development
2017 Action X X Prevention
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
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Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
City of Union City Actions
Multi-Hazard Actions
Action 1. Integrate Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan into Safety Element of
General Plan
2017 Action X X Prevention
Action 2. Enhance Public
Education and Awareness of Natural
Hazards and Public Understanding of
Disaster Preparedness
2017 Action X X X Public Information
Action 3. Acquire two 4-wheel drive
emergency response vehicles capable of
supporting emergency/disaster workers
with enhanced safety when traveling
into and out of disaster zones or
dangerous locations.
2017 Action X X Emergency Services
Action 4. Incident Commanders
Established And ICS Trained
2017 Action X X Emergency Services
Action 5. Acquire Two Emergency
Mobile Command Centers
2017 Action X X Emergency Services
Action 6. Acquire four radio
charging stations for spare radios
2017 Action X X Emergency Services
Action 7. Consider Participation in
Incentive-Based Programs such as the
Community Rating System, Tree City
and Storm Ready.
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Action 8. Conduct a seismic and
functional assessment of the CERT
trailer behind Fire Station #31, for use
as the designated alternate EOC site.
2017 Action X X Emergency Services
Action 9. Acquire Emergency
Generators for the City's Critical
Facilities, Specifically Fire Station #31,
Senior Center, and Corporation Yard
2017 Action X X Property Protection
Property Protection
Action 10. Conduct a Feasibility
Study to Identify Temporary Morgue
Facilities
2017 Action X X Emergency Services
Action 11. Develop a Disaster
Debris Management Plan
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Emergency Services
Action 12. Develop a long-term
urban forest management plan to
address adverse future impacts on the
City's natural resources.

New Action X X Prevention
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 13. Conduct a Feasibility
Study to Review Necessary
Improvement Required to Make Critical
Facilities for Recovering Families After
Crisis
New Action X X Prevention
Emergency Services
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Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 14. Establish a BroadbandWiFi network in the Station District2017 Action X X Prevention Emergency Services
Action 15. Establish a BroadbandWiFi Network Backbone Infrastructure along Major Throughfares Throughout
the City.
2017 Action X X Prevention
Emergency Services
Climate Change Actions
Action 16. Climate Action Plan
Update
New Action X X X Prevention
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise, Dam Failure, Flood 1%/0.2%, Localized Flooding, Severe Weather Heavy Rains and Storm Actions
Action 17. Maintain good standing
under the National Flood Insurance
Program by implementing programs
that meet or exceed the minimum NFIP
requirements. Such programs include
enforcing an adopted flood damage
prevention ordinance, participating in
floodplain mapping updates, and
providing public assistance and
information on floodplain requirements
and impacts.
2017 Action X X X Prevention
Action 18. Implement Stormwater
Master Plans
New Action X X X Prevention
Property Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 19. Ensure Emergency
Action Plans from Dam partners has
current emergency contacts in their
plans and that we participate in
exercises conducted by our partners
New Action X X Prevention
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Drought Actions
Action 20. Develop and Maintain a
Landscape Design Manual to Provide
General Guidance and Education to the
Public on Water efficiency in
Landscaping and to serve as a Resource
for Water Efficient Landscape design
and Installation Including lists of
Recommended Site Appropriate Native
and Drought-Tolerant Plant Species.
2017 Action X X Prevention
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Earthquake and Tsunami Actions
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Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 21. Work with ACWD to
Design and Install Seismically Resilient
Backbone Pipeline through
Liquefaction Soils in Union City.
2017 Action X X Emergency Services
Structural Projects
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 22. Conduct a Feasibility
Study to Review the Highway Overpass
Bridge of Alvarado-Niles Rd. over I880, for any Seismic Upgrades. 2017 Action X X Structural Projects
Action 23. Coordinate with the City
of Hayward to Conduct a Feasibility
Study to Review any Seismic Upgrades
for the I-880 Overpass over Whipple
Road
2017 Action X X Structural Projects
Action 24. Construct Grade
Separations on the Niles Subdivisions
and the Oakland Subdivision in the
Decoto Neighborhood and on the
Coast Subdivision on Union City Blvd,
Smith Street, Dyer Street, and Alvarado
Blvd.
2017 Action X X Structural Projects
Wildfire and Severe Weather Extreme Heat Actions
Action 25. Acquire handheld GPS
trackers to develop an urban tree
inventory for monitoring the health of
trees and identifying potentially
dangerous or dead trees.
2017 Action X X Prevention
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 26. Develop a long-term
urban forest management plan to
address adverse future impacts on the
City’s natural resources
2017 Action X X Prevention
Natural Resource
Protection
ACWD Actions
Multi-Hazard Actions
Action 1. Develop and maintain an
asset management program that tracks
natural hazard events.
2022 Action X X X Prevention
Action 2. Reevaluate standby
generator needs and purchase and
install as needed
2022 Action X X Prevention
Emergency Services
Property Protection
Action 3. Retrofit and/or update
District tanks and reservoirs to improve
seismic resilience.
2022 Action X X Property Protection
Structural Projects
Action 4. Consider the purchase
and installation of fuel cells as
alternative emergency power backup
systems at Newark Desalination Facility
and the Blending Facility.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Emergency Services
Property Protection
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Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 5. Repair diversion capability
through the Kaiser embankment to
ensure post disaster groundwater
recharge capabilities and to protect the
natural and beneficial functions of the
Kaiser Ponds.
2022 Action X X X Property Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 6. As needed, review, update
and enhance intertie agreements with
the City of Hayward and the City of
Milpitas.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Property Protection
Emergency Services
Action 7. Study water supply
reliability alternatives including recycled
water, and Lake Del Valle and Los
Vaqueros reservoir storage expansion
projects to improve water supply
capabilities from catastrophic losses of
supply.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Property Protection
Emergency Services
Action 8. Continue to participate in
local emergency response trainings and
exercises.
2022 Action X X Emergency Services
Action 9. Continue to integrate the
capital improvement program with the
LHMP.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Property Protection
Structural Projects
Emergency Services
Natural Resource
Protection
Drought and Water Shortage
Action 10. Continue to prioritize and
implement distribution system
replacements and improvements to
identified critical consumers and/or
vulnerable areas.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 11. Install a second Deep
Aquifer water well at the Mowry
Wellfield.
2022 Action X X Prevention
Emergency Services
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 12. Blend Facility for PFAS. 2022 Action X X Prevention Structural Projects
Action 13. Complete a redesign of
blending facility to allow low
production and neat chemical feed.
2022 Action Prevention
Structural Projects
Action 14. Complete desalinization
facility reliability enhancements as
indicated in the Integrated Resources
Plan.
2022 Action Structural Projects
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Earthquake Actions
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Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Action 15. Design and install a
seismically resilient backbone pipeline
through liquefiable soils, primarily in
Union City.
2022 Action X X Emergency Services
Structural Projects
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 16. Install emergency
isolation valves into the distribution
system with remote operation capability,
as appropriate.
2022 Action X X Emergency Services
Structural Projects
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 17. Enhance Booster
Pumping to the Upper Zones (for
example PR-1 or Seven Hills)
2022 Action X X Emergency Services
Structural Projects
Property Protection
Natural Resource
Protection
USD Actions
Multi-Hazard Actions
Action 1. Public Education
Outreach
2017 Action X X Property Protection
Emergency Services
Action 2. Enhanced Treatment and
Site Upgrade (ETSU)- Phase 1A
Campus Building and Aeration Basin
Modifications; Phase 1B Secondary
Clarifiers & Effluent Facilities; Phase
1C Plant Equalization Storage
2017 Action X X Property Protection
Structural Projects
Climate Change Actions
Action 3. Irvington Pump Station
Solar & Battery Project
New Action X X Property Protection
Emergency Services
Action 4. Battery Storage & 3rd
Cogen
New Action X X Public Information
Sea Level Rise, Earthquake Actions
Action 5. Field Ops Building
Seismic Upgrade
2017 Action X X Property Protection
Structural Projects
Drought/Water Shortage Actions
Action 6. Digester #8 New Action X X Property Protection Structural Projects
Earthquake Actions
Action 7. Seismic Retrofit of
Concrete Structures
2017 Action X X Property Protection
Structural Projects
Action 8. Newark Pump Station
Emergency Outfall
2017 Action X X Property Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
Action 9. Seismic upgrade of
Primary Clarifier 1-4
2017 Action X X Property Protection
Structural Projects
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Action Title
New Action/
Previous
Action
Address
Current
Development
Address
Future
Development
Continued
NFIP
Compliance Mitigation Type
Sea Level Rise, Subsidence Actions
Action 10. Forcemain Alameda
Creek Crossing Ground Stabilization
2017 Action X X Property Protection
Structural Projects
Natural Resource
Protection
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Table of Contents
Chapters
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................1-1

1.1 Purpose ...................................................................................................................................1-1

1.2 Background and Scope...........................................................................................................1-1

1.3 Tri-City Profile.......................................................................................................................1-2

1.3.1 History .............................................................................................................................1-3

1.3.2 Geography and Climate ...................................................................................................1-3

1.4 Plan Organization...................................................................................................................1-4 Chapter 2 What’s New...............................................................................................................................2-1

2.1 What’s New in the Plan Update .............................................................................................2-1

2.2 Summary of Significant Changes to Current Conditions, Planning Area Vulnerability, and Hazard Mitigation Priorities................................................................................................................2-2

2.3 2016/2017/2022 LHMP Mitigation Strategy Successes and Status.......................................2-9

2.3.1. Success Stories...............................................................................................................2-10

2.3.2. 2016/2017/2022 Mitigation Strategy Update.................................................................2-13 3 PLANNING PROCESS................................................................................................................3-1

3.1 Local Government Participation.............................................................................................3-1

3.2 The 10-Step Planning Process................................................................................................3-3

3.2.1 Phase 1: Organize Resources..........................................................................................3-5

3.2.2 Phase 2: Assess Risks...................................................................................................3-26

3.2.3 Phase 3: Develop the Mitigation Plan...........................................................................3-27

3.2.4 Phase 4: Implement the Plan and Monitor Progress.....................................................3-27 4 RISK ASSESSMENT...................................................................................................................4-1

4.1 Hazard Identification: Natural Hazards..................................................................................4-2

4.1.1. Methodology and Results ................................................................................................4-2

4.1.2. Disaster Declaration History............................................................................................4-7

4.2 Tri-City Planning Area Assets Inventory and Growth and Development Trends................4-11

4.2.1. Assets Inventory ............................................................................................................4-12

4.2.2. Growth and Development Trends..................................................................................4-33

4.3 Hazard Profiles and Vulnerability Assessment ....................................................................4-34

4.3.1. Severe Weather: General ...............................................................................................4-43

4.3.2. Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze ...................................................................4-45

4.3.3. Severe Weather: Extreme Heat......................................................................................4-52

4.3.4. Severe Weather: Heavy Rains and Storms ....................................................................4-62

4.3.5. Severe Weather: High Winds and Tornadoes................................................................4-77

4.3.6. Climate Change..............................................................................................................4-86 Packet Page No. 233
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4.3.7. Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise ............................................................................4-95

4.3.8. Dam Failure .................................................................................................................4-113

4.3.9. Drought and Water Shortage .......................................................................................4-135

4.3.10. Earthquake ...................................................................................................................4-151

4.3.11. Flood: (1% and 0.2% Annual Chance) ........................................................................4-260

4.3.12. Flood: Localized/Stormwater.......................................................................................4-280

4.3.13. Landslide......................................................................................................................4-285

4.3.14. Levee Failure ...............................................................................................................4-296

4.3.15. Subsidence ...................................................................................................................4-307

4.3.16. Tsunami .......................................................................................................................4-312

4.3.17. Wildfire........................................................................................................................4-320

4.3.18. Natural Hazards Summary...........................................................................................4-339

4.4 Capability Assessment .......................................................................................................4-341 5 MITIGATION STRATEGY.........................................................................................................5-1

5.1 Mitigation Strategy: Overview...............................................................................................5-1

5.1.1 Continued Compliance with NFIP...................................................................................5-2

5.1.2 Integration of Mitigation with Post Disaster Recovery and Mitigation Strategy Funding Opportunities..................................................................................................................5-2

5.2 Goals and Objectives..............................................................................................................5-4

5.3 Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Actions.................................................................5-8

5.31 Prioritization Process.......................................................................................................5-9

5.4 Mitigation Action Plan .........................................................................................................5-11 6 PLAN ADOPTION.......................................................................................................................6-1 7 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE ...............................................................7-1

7.1 Implementation.......................................................................................................................7-1

7.1.1 Role of Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee in Implementation and Maintenance..................................................................................................................................7-2

7.2 Maintenance ...........................................................................................................................7-3

7.2.1 Maintenance Schedule .....................................................................................................7-3

7.2.2 Maintenance Evaluation Process .....................................................................................7-3

7.2.3 Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms..........................................................7-5

7.2.4 Continued Public Involvement ........................................................................................7-6 Packet Page No. 234
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Appendices
Appendix A: Planning Process
Appendix B: References
Appendix C: Mitigation Strategy
Appendix D: Adoption Resolution
Appendix E: Threatened and Endangered Species
Appendix F: Critical Facilities
Appendix G: Survey Results
Appendix H: Hazus Scenarios
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
Acronym Definition
AB Assembly Bill
ACE Altamont Commuter Express
ACWD Alameda County Water District
AEBM Advanced Engineering Building Module
AEL Annualized Earthquake Loss
AF Acre-feet
ALERT Automated Local Evaluation in Real Time
APG California Adaptation Planning Guide
AQI Air Quality Index
ASTDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s BAM Best Available Map
BART Bay Area Rapid Transit
BCA Benefit Cost Analysis
BCEGS Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule
BFE Base Flood Elevation
BLM Bureau of Land Management
BRIC Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities
CA-DWR California Department of Water Resources
CAISO California Independent System Operator
Cal EPA Environmental Protection Agency
Cal OES California Office of Emergency Services
CAP Climate Adaptation Plan
CAS Climate Adaptation Strategy
CAV Community Assistance Visit
CBC California Building Code
CCHPR Climate Change and Health Profile Report
CCSM Community Climate System Model
CDAA California Disaster Assistance Act
CDBG Community Development Block Grant
CDC Center for Disease Control
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
CDMS Comprehensive Data Management System
CEMP Comprehensive Emergency Management Program
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CERT Community Emergency Response Team
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CGS California Geologic Survey
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Acronym Definition
CGS California Geological Survey
CIP Capital Improvements Plan
CLOMR Conditional Letter of Map Revision
CNPS California Native Plant Society
CNRA California Natural Resource Agency
COG Continuity of Government
COO Continuity of Operations
CPUC California Public Utilities Commission
CRIL Community Resources for Independent Living
CRS (National Flood Insurance Program’s) Community Rating System CRV Contents Replacement Value
CVP Central Valley Project
CWPP Community Wildfire Protection Plan
DAC Disadvantaged Community
DFIRM Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map
DMA Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
DOF Department of Finance
DSOD Division of Safety of Dams
EBDA East Bay Dischargers Authority
EF Enhanced Fujita
EOC Emergency Operations Center
EPSS Enhanced Powerline Safety Settings
ESPM University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management
ETSU Enhanced Treatment and Site Upgrade
F Fujita
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FF Finish Floor
FHSZ Fire Hazard Severity Zone
FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map
FIS Flood Insurance Study
FMA Flood Mitigation Assistance Program
FPA Floodplain Administrator
FRA Federal Responsibility Area
FRAP Fire and Resource Assessment Program
FWS US Fish and Wildlife Service
GFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
GHG Greenhouse Gases
GIS Geographic Information Systems
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Acronym Definition
GPH Gallons per Hour
GRASP Geospatial Research, Analysis & Services Program
HHPD High Hazard Potential Dam
HI Heat Index
HMGP Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
HMPC Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee
ICS Incident Command System
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRWM Integrated Regional Water Management
LAG Lowest Adjacent Grade
LHMP Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
LOMA Letter of Map Amendment
LOMC Letters of Map Change
LOMR Letter of Map Revision
LRA Local Responsibility Area
MHI Median Household Income
MMI Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
MSL Mean Sea Level
MW Megawatt
NASA National Aerospace and Science Agency
NAVD North American Vertical Datum
NCDC National Climactic Data Center
NDMC National Drought Mitigation Center
NEHRP National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program
NEPA National Environmental Policy Act
NFIP National Flood Insurance Program
NGVD National Geodetic Vertical Datum
NIDIS National Integrated Drought Information System
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NPS National Park Service
NWS National Weather Service
OHP Office of Historic Preservation
PDM Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program
PIT Point-in-time Homeless Count
PM Particulate Matter
PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
PSPS Public Safety Power Shutoff
RCP Representative Concentration Pathway
RD3 Rubber Dam 3
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Acronym Definition
RHNA Regional Housing Need Allocation
SAC-SJ Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley
SB Senate Bill
SBA Small Business Administration
SEMS Standard Emergency Management System
SFHA Special Flood Hazard Area
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
SHBC State Historical Building Code
SRA State Responsibility Area
SSMP Sanitary Sewer Master Plan
SVI Social Vulnerability Index
SWP State Water Project
UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
UBC Uniform Building Code
UC Transit Union City Transit
UCERF Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast
UFMP Urban Forest Management Plan
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UPRR Union Pacific Railroad
URM Unreinforced Masonry
USACE US Army Corp of Engineers
USD Union Sanitary District
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
USGS United States Geologic Survey
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
VHFHSZ Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone
WCD Water Control District
WRCC Western Regional Climate Center
WSOC Wildfire Safety Operations Center
WUI Wildland Urban Interface
WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant
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Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose
The cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City, together with the Alameda County Water District (ACWD) and the Union Sanitary District (USD), comprise the five participating jurisdictions to the 2024 Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP or Plan) Update. These organizations jointly agreed to develop a unified LHMP Update. This 2024 Tri-City LHMP combines and updates the separate 2016 City of Fremont LHMP, the 2017 Union City/Newark LHMP (which included the City of Newark, Union City, Alameda County Water District, and Union Sanitary District), and the 2022 Alameda County Water District LHMP Update.

The purpose of this 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update is to guide hazard mitigation planning to better protect the people and property of the Tri-City area from the effects of natural disasters and hazard events., while simultaneously improving interlocal cooperation This LHMP Update (which updates the 2016, 2017, and 2022 LHMPs into one LHMP) demonstrates the Tri-City area’s commitment to reducing risks from hazards and serves as a tool to help decision makers direct mitigation activities and resources. This LHMP Update was also developed so that the five participating jurisdictions can maintain eligibility for certain federal disaster assistance, specifically, the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP), Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) program, and the Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program.

1.2 Background and Scope
Each year in the United States, natural disasters take the lives of hundreds of people and injure thousands more. Nationwide, taxpayers pay billions of dollars annually to help communities, organizations, businesses, and individuals recover from disasters. These monies only partially reflect the true cost of disasters, because most expenses to insurance companies and nongovernmental organizations are not reimbursed by tax dollars. Although the timing of natural disasters is unpredictable, their occurrence is largely predictable over time, and much of the damage caused by these events can be significantly reduced.

Hazard mitigation is defined by FEMA as “any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to human life and property from a hazard event.” The results of a three-year, congressionally mandated independent study to assess future savings from mitigation activities provide evidence that, overall, mitigation activities are highly cost-effective investments. On average, each dollar spent on mitigation saves society an average of $6 in avoided future losses in addition to saving lives and preventing injuries (National Institute of Building Science Multi-Hazard Mitigation Council 2019 Interim Report).

Hazard mitigation planning is the process through which hazards that threaten communities are identified, likely impacts determined, mitigation goals set, and appropriate mitigation strategies determined, prioritized, and implemented. This LHMP Update documents the Tri-City area’s hazard mitigation planning process and identifies relevant hazards, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies the Tri-City jurisdictions will use to decrease vulnerability and increase resiliency and sustainability.

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The 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update is a multi-jurisdictional plan that geographically covers the entire area within the boundaries of the cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City, as well as the service areas of the special districts of Alameda County Water District and the Union Sanitary District. (hereinafter referred to as the Tri-City Planning Area or Planning Area). The following jurisdictions participated in the planning process and are seeking FEMA approval of the LHMP Update:
➢ City of Fremont
➢ City of Newark
➢ City of Union City
➢ Alameda County Water District
➢ Union Sanitary District
This LHMP Update was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390) and the implementing regulations set forth by the Interim Final Rule published in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002, (44 CFR §201.6) and finalized on October 31, 2007. (Hereafter, these requirements and regulations will be referred to collectively as the Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA) or DMA 2000.) This planning effort also follows FEMA’s most current effective LHMP Preparation and Review Guidance, LHMP Policy Guide FP 206-21-0002 effective April 19, 2023, and the FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS) 2017 Coordinator’s Manual, with 2021 Addendum. While DMA 2000 emphasized the need for mitigation plans and more coordinated mitigation planning and implementation efforts, the regulations establish the requirements that local hazard mitigation plans must meet in order for a local jurisdiction to be eligible for certain federal disaster assistance and hazard mitigation funding under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Act (Public Law 93-288). Because the Tri-City Planning Area is subject to many kinds of hazards, access to these programs is vital.

Information in this LHMP Update will be used to help guide and coordinate mitigation activities and decisions for local land use policy in the future. Proactive mitigation planning will help reduce the cost of disaster response and recovery to communities and their residents by protecting public health and safety and critical community facilities; reducing liability exposure; and minimizing overall community impacts and disruptions. In the past, the Tri-City Planning Area has been affected by numerous hazards on multiple occasions. The participating jurisdictions are thus committed to reducing future impacts from hazard events and maintaining eligibility for mitigation-related federal funding.

1.3 Tri-City Profile
The Tri-City Planning Area is located on the San Francisco Bay. The California Department of Finance estimated the 2023 population to be 229,467 in Fremont, 47,459 in Newark, and 66,754 in Union City.

Figure 1-1 shows the Tri-City Planning Area.

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Figure 1-1 Tri-City Planning Area
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1.3.1. History
A history of each jurisdiction is included in their respective LHMP Update annexes.

1.3.2. Geography and Climate
The Tri-City area is located in the East Bay, which is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties. The Tri-City area is served by I-880, I-680, and State Highways 84, 238 and 262. Topography of the Tri-City Planning Area is variable ranging from 0 feet above mean sea level (msl) along the Bay shore, and up to 2,700 feet above msl in the eastern portions, illustrated in Figure 1-2.

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Figure 1-2 Tri-City Planning Area – Elevations
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According to the National Weather Service, the climate in the Tri-City Planning Area is a Mediterranean climate, characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Average temperatures in the Tri-City area range from the low 50s in the winter to the mid-60s in the summer months. Record high temperature for the area was 109°F on September 14, 1971. Record low was 26°F on December 12, 1972. Days below freezing are rare in the Tri-City area, with an annual average of 0.3 days below 32°F. Rainfall is the chief form of precipitation, with most rainfall occurring between October and April. Average rainfall is approximately up 23 to 25 inches. The highest recorded annual rainfall for the Tri-City area was in 1998, when 41 inches fell; while the lowest reported annual rainfall occurred in 1976 when 9.9 inches fell. Record 24-hour precipitation was 4.74 inches on January 4, 1982.

1.4 Plan Organization
The 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update is organized as follows:
➢ Chapters
✓ Chapter 1: Introduction
✓ Chapter 2: Community Profile
✓ Chapter 3: Planning Process
✓ Chapter 4: Risk Assessment
✓ Chapter 5: Mitigation Strategy
✓ Chapter 6: Plan Adoption
✓ Chapter 7: Plan Implementation and Maintenance
➢ Annexes
✓ Annex A: City of Fremont
✓ Annex B: City of Newark
✓ Annex C: City of Union City
✓ Annex D: Alameda County Water District
✓ Annex E: Union Sanitary District
➢ Appendices
✓ Appendix A: Planning Process
✓ Appendix B: References
✓ Appendix C: Mitigation Strategy
✓ Appendix D: Adoption Resolution
✓ Appendix E: Threatened and Endangered Species
✓ Appendix F: Critical Facilities
✓ Appendix G: Survey Results
✓ Appendix H: Hazus Reports
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Chapter 2 What’s New
44 CFR §201.6(d)(3) and §201.7(d)(3): A local jurisdiction must review and revise its plan to reflect changes in development, progress in local mitigation efforts, and changes in priorities, and resubmit it for approval within 5 years in order to continue to be eligible for mitigation project grant funding.

The previous 2016/2017/2022 Local Hazard Mitigation Plans (LHMP), that are being updated as part of this 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update, contained descriptions of planning processes, the risk assessments of identified hazards, and mitigation strategies for reducing the risk and vulnerability from these hazards.

Since approval of the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs by FEMA, progress has been made on implementation of the 2016/2017/2022 mitigation strategies, as applicable to the respective participating jurisdictions. As part of this LHMP Update, a thorough review and update of the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs was conducted to ensure that this 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update reflects current conditions and priorities in order to realign the updated mitigation strategy for the forthcoming five-year planning period. This section of this LHMP Update includes the following:
➢ What’s New in the LHMP Update. Section 2.1 provides an overview of the approach to updating the previous LHMPs and identifies new analyses, data and information included in this LHMP Update to reflect current community conditions. This includes a summary of new hazard and risk assessment data as it relates to the Tri-City Planning Area and participating jurisdictions as well as information on current and future development trends affecting hazard vulnerability and related issues. The actual updated data, discussions, and associated analyses are contained in their respected sections within this LHMP Update.
➢ Summary of Significant Changes to Current Conditions, Planning Area Vulnerability, and Hazard Mitigation Program Priorities. Section 2.2 provides a summary of significant changes in current conditions, changes in hazard vulnerability, and any resulting modifications to the Tri-City hazard mitigation program priorities.
➢ 2016/2017/2022 Mitigation Strategy Status and Successes. Section 2.3.2 provides a description of the status of mitigation actions from the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs and also indicates whether a project is no longer relevant or is recommended for inclusion in the updated mitigation strategy. This section also highlights key mitigation success stories since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs.

This What’s New section provides documentation of Tri-City Planning Area’s progress or changes in risk and vulnerability to hazards and overall hazard mitigation programs. Completion of this LHMP Update further provides documentation of the five participating jurisdictions to this Tri-City Planning Area’s continued commitment and engagement in the hazard mitigation planning process.

2.1 What’s New in the Plan Update
Preparing the 2024 LHMP Update involved a comprehensive review and update of each section of the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs and includes an assessment of the success of the participating jurisdictions in evaluating, monitoring, and implementing the mitigation strategy outlined in the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs.

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Only the information and data still valid from the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs were carried forward as applicable into this LHMP Update.

Also to be noted, Chapter 7 Implementation and Maintenance of this LHMP Update identifies key requirements for updating future plans:
➢ Consider changes in vulnerability due to action implementation of mitigation actions; ➢ Document success stories where mitigation actions have proven effective; ➢ Document areas where mitigation actions were not effective; ➢ Document any new hazards that may arise or were previously overlooked; ➢ Incorporate new data or studies on hazards and risks; ➢ Incorporate new capabilities or changes in capabilities; ➢ Incorporate growth and development-related changes to inventories; and ➢ Incorporate new recommended mitigation actions or changes in the prioritization of mitigation actions.

These requirements and others as detailed throughout this Plan were addressed during this LHMP Update process.

As part of its comprehensive review and update of each section of the LHMP Update, the participating jurisdictions recognized that updated data, if available, would enhance the analysis presented in the risk assessment and utilized in the development of the updated mitigation strategy. Highlights of new data used for this LHMP Update are identified below and also sourced in context within Chapter 4, Risk Assessment and the jurisdictional annexes. Sources of specific data used are also provided throughout this LHMP Update and included in Appendix D References. This new data and associated analysis contributed to the development of the updated risk assessment and mitigation strategy presented in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 of this LHMP Update, as well as within the jurisdictional annexes to this Plan.

Highlights of new information and analyses contained in this LHMP Update includes the following:
➢ Multiple previous plans were merged into a single planning process: the 2016 City of Fremont LHMP, the 2017 City of Newark, Union City, Alameda County Water District, and Union Sanitary District LHMP, and the 2022 Alameda County Water District Plan Update. This effectively meant an entire rewrite of each participating jurisdiction’s plan and annex. ➢ Hazards were harmonized, and levee failure and subsidence were added as hazards. ➢ Disaster declarations were updated, including federal, state, and USDA disaster declarations. NCDC Storm Events and past historic hazard occurrences since the previous plans were added for each jurisdiction.
➢ A Local Concerns section was added to each jurisdiction’s vulnerability assessment to capture local issues and to support the resulting mitigation strategy. ➢ Incorporation and analysis of the updated California Department of Finance population data was utilized for this LHMP Update.
➢ Environmental justice concerns were addressed in portions of this Plan Update. This was done for each jurisdiction in the Tri-City Planning Area.
➢ A detailed discussion of socially vulnerable and underserved populations were added to the Base Plan and to each jurisdictional annex.

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➢ A new critical facility definition was created and new critical facility data was gathered for all jurisdictions. This allowed for additional analysis of critical facilities for each mapped hazard in the Tri-City Planning Area.
➢ Community lifelines were added to all hazard discussions. ➢ Development since the last plan was analyzed in detail for each jurisdiction. ➢ Future development was gathered from each jurisdiction and analyzed using the most recent hazard data. This was included in each participating jurisdiction’s annex. ➢ A new section on Power Shortage/Failure was added. Public Safety Power Shutoff events were also added.
➢ Cal-Adapt and other state and local climate change data was added to the climate change section, as well as to other hazards that are exacerbated by climate change. ➢ Coastal flooding and sea level rise were studied in much greater detail. These areas were mapped using the most recent hazard data. An analysis was performed on values at risk (including populations, structures, critical facilities, and future development). ➢ New dam data provided by Cal OES and CA DSOD was used for the dam inventory and analysis. This data included an updated hazard classification for identified dams and updated inundation mapping.

Values at risk to dam inundation was analyzed. Critical facilities at risk to dams were tabulated. In addition, EAP data from each dam was added (as applicable) to each jurisdiction’s annex. ➢ Level 2,3 Hazus runs were performed on four separate earthquake shake scenarios for the Tri-City Planning Area (and for each participating jurisdiction) on 4 different primary fault scenarios. ➢ Advanced Engineering Building Module reports were run for each updated critical facility. This shows likely damages to these buildings from each of the four Hazus earthquake scenarios that were run. ➢ Fire following earthquake was added to the earthquake hazard and also included in the enhanced Hazus analysis for this LHMP Update.
➢ Liquefaction and earthquake-induced landslide discussions were added to the earthquake hazard profile and vulnerability analysis. An analysis was performed on values at risk (including populations, structures, critical facilities, and future development). ➢ Deep seated landslide data was added to the landslide hazard profile and vulnerability analysis. An analysis was performed on values at risk (including populations, structures, critical facilities, and future development).
➢ Levee failure was viewed as a hazard separate from flooding in this LHMP Update. An analysis was performed on values at risk (including populations, structures, critical facilities, and future development) in the DFIRM X Protected by Flood zones.
➢ Economic assets and community activities of value discussions were added to the vulnerability assessment of all hazards.
➢ To better meet the revised FEMA plan review tool, a more extensive analysis of the extents to identified hazards was conducted and included in this LHMP Update. ➢ A greater study of all jurisdiction’s mitigation capabilities was added. ➢ All previous mitigation actions were updated, and many new actions were added to this LHMP Update. ➢ Detailed hazard analysis on both assets at risk and assets in District Service Territories was performed for USD and ACWD.

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2.2 Summary of Significant Changes to Current Conditions, Planning Area Vulnerability, and Hazard Mitigation Priorities This section provides a summary by hazard of significant changes in current conditions, Tri-City Planning Area vulnerability, and resulting modifications to the Tri-City participating jurisdictions’ mitigation program priorities since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs:
20224 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Climate Change X
➢ Since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs, the effects of climate change are becoming more apparent in the Tri-City Planning Area and all of California.
➢ NWS data indicates temperatures are increasing resulting in more extreme heat days. 2021, 2022, and 2023 temperatures were some of the hottest on record.
➢ Weather extremes, including precipitation have been increasing and becoming much more variable – the Tri-City Planning Area is seeing increased precipitation and intensity as well as abnormally dry conditions.
➢ Examples of weather extremes include the numerous atmospheric river events, the Tropical Storm Hilary event of 2023, and funnel cloud/tornado conditions occurring in areas that historically have not experienced these types of events. These types of events are becoming more the norm because of climate change.
➢ Data also suggests that changing climate conditions influence the severity of multiple hazards, such as heat, flooding, coastal flooding and sea level rise, wildfire, drought, and others identified in the TriCity Planning Area. 2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Coastal Flooding and Sea
Level Rise
X
➢ With recent increases in precipitation and intensity resulting in 6 disaster declarations (3 in 2017 and 3 in 2022/2023) for heavy rains and storms since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs, the Tri-City Planning Area has been increasingly vulnerable to these types of events. ➢ Coastal flooding continues to be an issue during large storm events; the NWS has been issuing more coastal flood advisories in recent years; more recent local and regional studies provide evidence that sea level rise is occurring in the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ While identified impacts have not been fully measurable given the open space/marsh nature of coastal areas (and lack of development), the inherent value of these ecological resources and future of these areas are a regional concern.

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2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Dam Failure X
➢ The number and locations of dams have not changed since the last Plans. Likewise, populations in the Tri-City Planning Area have remained fairly level since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs; but with the population increases being redistributed to occupy the new development areas. However, given the number of dams and the extensive inundation areas, the Tri-City vulnerability to dam failure has not significantly changed due to changes in land use patterns and populations. ➢ New development in the Tri-City Planning Area adds to the built environment that falls within the dam inundation areas increasing the vulnerability to this hazard. ➢ The increase in the number of high-tech industries in the Tri-City Planning Area increases the potential economic impacts associated with a dam failure event.
➢ Risk of dam failure increases over the years due to aging dam infrastructure. However, dams are always undergoing inspections, with maintenance and improvement projects implemented as needed. For example, the Anderson Reservoir in Santa Clara County (with an inundation in the Tri-City Planning Area) is currently undergoing a seismic retrofit project that will improve reliability and safety, and will return the reservoir to its original storage capacity.
➢ Dams are more regulated than ever. More dams are subject to developing Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) and inundation mapping as well as performing inspections, maintenance, and required dam improvements. This assists with assessing current dam conditions and preparing for future events. ➢ ACWD has completed EAPs on all owned dams. ACWD continues to inspect, maintain, and improve these dams. The District has many ongoing dam improvement/upgrade projects that they implement through their Capital Improvement Program that effectively manage risk for these District owned dams. 2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Drought and Water
Shortage
X
➢ Drought conditions since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs, including water supply issues, have had a limited impact on the Tri-City Planning Area and California. Since 2017, drought conditions have seen some reprieve with recent years of heavy rains and atmospheric river events. As well, water supply resources (ACWD) remain robust. As a result, the drought and water shortage hazard is less of a priority for this 2024 LHMP Update, resulting in a decrease in current vulnerability to the Tri-City Planning Area.
➢ Recent drought conditions stress trees and vegetation making them more susceptible to insect infestation, disease, and other issues.
➢ Drought conditions, while intermittent, still contribute to an increase in dry fuels (and tree mortality), and general increase in wildfire conditions.
➢ Noxious weeds are more drought tolerant – better able to compete for water over local vegetation.

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2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Earthquake X
➢ The Tri-City Planning Area is in a relatively high seismically active area. Data shows that the longer the area goes without a strong earthquake, the greater the possibility of a large damaging earthquake in the future.
➢ Also, should a devastating earthquake occur, with the overall increase in values associated with the built environment and the cost to recover and rebuild would be astronomical. ➢ A primary factor that could change the earthquake vulnerability is additional development within the Tri-City Planning Area. However, adherence to current California building codes should ensure sound development of new structures better able to withstand a large earthquake. Underground utilities, critical facilities and other key facilities and infrastructure remain a concern. 2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Flood: 1%/0.2% events X
➢ The risk and vulnerability of 1% and 0.2% flood events remain somewhat constant, changing from year to year based on weather, location, new development, and improvements to the flood control systems. ➢ With the heavy rains and storms (and atmospheric rivers) of 2017, 2019, and 2023, severe weather events contributed to flooding in and around the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ Effective local land use planning and requirements for development in identified floodplains have minimized additional exposure to this hazard in the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ Implementation of additional improvements to the flood control systems protecting Tri-City lands and assets will help reduce this hazard in the future.
2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Flood: Localized
Stormwater Flooding
X
➢ Climate change issues may result in more localized flooding as the climate warms and more frequent, wetter, and greater intensity storms create more runoff. ➢ 2017, 2022, 2023 heavy rains and storms (and flooding), including significant, greater intensity rains, resulted in more localized flooding with damages throughout the Tri-City Planning Area. ➢ Outdated and aging drainage infrastructure also contributes to a greater vulnerability to localized, stormwater flooding. This is especially true in areas with limited and undersized drainage systems. ➢ Recent cyclical drought conditions in some areas have hardened soils and predisposed areas to worse flooding.

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2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Landslide, Mudslide, &
Debris Flow
X
➢ Similar to heavy rain and storms, the overall vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area changes from year to year depending on the season. The heavy rains and storms events (6 Federal Disasters) since the last LHMPs had been significant, causing erosion, landslides and mudslides, and related impacts to the Tri-City Planning Area (in both development and more remote areas). ➢ Past landslide events in the Tri-City Planning Area have demonstrated the potential and magnitude for future landslide events, including historic slides in Niles Canyon and Mission Peak areas. ➢ Climate change brings renewed concern moving forward for heavy and more intense rains, storms and associated issues to the Tri-City Planning Area, which include a greater potential for landslides and mudslides.
2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Levee Failure X
➢ With more Tri-City Planning Area development in and around levees, the vulnerability to levee failure may increase.
➢ Recent storms since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs have overwhelmed leveed areas, such as along Agua Fria Creek in the Rancho Higuera Historical Park in Fremont, causing an increase in silt and debris and the ability of creeks and channels to convey water causing localized impacts. ➢ Ongoing and planned levee improvements (including any future levee certifications) will reduce the vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area to this hazard. 2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Severe Weather: Extreme
Cold and Freeze
X
➢ This hazard was added to the 2024 LHMP Update. It was noted that the vulnerable populations are at greatest risk to this hazard in the Tri-City Planning Area. Low income residents may not be able to afford heat. Seniors, the very young, and unhoused are not as resilient to this hazard. 2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Severe Weather: Extreme
Heat
X
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➢ According to the NWS, there has been an increase in severe heat days in recent years. 2021, 2022, and 2023 were some of the hottest years on record.
➢ Climate change issues will continue to increase heat related impacts and vulnerabilities. Air quality issues increase with more extreme heat days.
➢ Vulnerable populations are at the greatest risk to this hazard. Low income residents may not be able to afford air conditioning. Seniors, the very young, medically vulnerable, and unhoused are not as resilient to this hazard.
➢ The heat, combined with drought (tree die back) conditions, has increased the potential for wildfires and contributes to fire weather conditions triggering a PSPS. 2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Severe Weather: Heavy
Rains and Storms (Hail,
Lightning)
X
➢ Similar to other weather hazards, the overall vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area changes from year to year depending on the season. The heavy rains and storm events, 6 disaster declarations since the last plans, have been significant, causing flooding and other adverse impacts to the Tri-City Planning Area.
➢ Climate change brings renewed concern moving forward for heavy and more intense rains, storms, and associated issues to the Tri-City Planning Area.
➢ Atmospheric River events are increasing in the Tri-City Planning Area compounding flood issues and impacts. The intensity of these storms cause significant silting of creeks and channels, limiting the ability for these waterways to convey water causing backups and flooding. ➢ Lightning has caused fires that have led to smoke, air quality, and visibility issues since the previous Plans (e.g., the SCU Lightning Complex Fire, 2020).
2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Severe Weather: High
Winds and Tornadoes
X
➢ Similar to other weather hazards, the overall vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area changes from year to year depending on the season. While high winds are a documented concern, tornadoes while occurring infrequently in the Planning Area, are of low intensity and have not shown to cause significant damages in the past.
➢ High winds, including the Diablo Winds, exacerbate the spread and intensity of wildfires. ➢ High winds in recent years have contributed to PSPS events occurring in the Tri-City Planning Area.

The overall reliability of the electrical grid is also a concern during high wind events ➢ Tree fall issues increase during periods of high winds. This creates a treefall hazard and increases wildfire fuels. Eucalyptus trees in the area have shown to be particularly vulnerable to high wind events.

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2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Subsidence X
➢ While subsidence is an issue in the Tri-City Planning Area primarily to underground infrastructure, the groundwater recharge program conducted in the Tri-City Planning Area has been successful which may limit future subsidence issues related to groundwater pumping and drawdown. 2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Tsunami X
➢ This hazard has not changed since 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs. 2024 LHMP Update
Hazards
Decrease in Vulnerability No Change in
Vulnerability
Increase in Vulnerability
Wildfire X
➢ Compounded by recent drought conditions and climate change influences such as an increase in high temperatures, the wildfire hazard has substantially increased since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs and is no longer just a seasonal issue. The wildfire season, including the potential for a catastrophic wildfire, is now a year around concern.
➢ Climate change continues to affect the nature and intensity of wildfires. ➢ The vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area to a devastating wildfire has increased as exacerbated by the recent drought, increases in tree mortality, and overall increase in wildfire conditions and fire weather. However, this occurs intermittently with periods of heavy rains and storms, which temporarily lower the risk and vulnerability of wildfire, until drought and fire weather conditions return. ➢ Wind has been a major contributor to the potential for a catastrophic wildfire (e.g., 1991 Tunnel Fire).

When high winds are combined with extreme heat and low humidity, these fire weather conditions can trigger a PSPS which leaves the community at risk in other ways. ➢ With large wildfires occurring throughout California, the Tri-City Planning Area has seen a significant increase in air quality impacts from smoke resulting in more recorded bad air days. ➢ The wildfire issue and impacts in California is also compounded by the number of insurance companies that are not renewing policies or are pulling out of California altogether.

2.3 2016/2017/2022 LHMP Mitigation Strategy Successes and Status
The participating jurisdictions successfully implemented numerous mitigation actions identified in the 2016/2017/2022 LHMP mitigation strategies, thus working diligently towards meeting their 2016/2017/2022 goals and objectives, as follows:

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2016 City of Fremont LHMP Goals
The goal of the LHMP is to maintain and enhance a disaster-resistant City by reducing the potential for loss of life, property damage, and environmental degradation from natural disasters, while accelerating economic recovery from those disasters.
2017 Union City/Newark (and USD) Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan Goals ➢ Protect the public's health and safety and minimize the damage to essential services, structures, property, and infrastructure as a result of hazards.
➢ Promote hazard mitigation as an integrated public policy and as a standard business practice. ➢ Encourage the development and implementation of long-term, cost effective, and environmentally sound mitigation projects.
➢ Build and support local capacity to enable the public to prepare, respond, and recover from the impact of natural hazards.
➢ Provide increased safety through the provision of adequate infrastructure, public education, and outreach programs.
➢ Incorporate elements of hazard mitigation into cross functional planning and regulatory initiatives. ➢ Retrofit, purchase, or relocate structures in high hazard areas, especially those known to be repetitively damaged.
2022 Alameda Conty Water District Goals
➢ Protect the public’s health and safety and minimize damage to essential services, structures, property, and infrastructure as a result of hazards.
➢ Promote hazard mitigation as an integrated public policy and as a standard business practice. ➢ Encourage the development and implementation of long-term, cost effective, and environmentally sound mitigation projects.
➢ Build and support local capacity to enable the public to prepare, respond, and recover from the impact of natural hazards.
➢ Provide increased safety through the provision of adequate infrastructure, public education, and outreach programs.
➢ Incorporate elements of ACWD specific hazard mitigation into regional planning and regulatory initiatives.
➢ Continuously monitor the functions of ACWD infrastructure in high hazard areas, especially those known to be in areas of potential damage from identified events.

2.3.1. Success Stories
Since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs, progress has been made on the implementation of the mitigation strategies contained within those previous plans. Beyond the mitigation strategy implementation from these previous LHMPs, the participating jurisdictions also continue to implement additional hazard mitigation measures not contained within those previous plans. This section highlights key mitigation success stories for each participating jurisdiction since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs.

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City of Fremont
Vegetation Management and Wildfire Fuel Reduction in VHFHZs The 2016 City of Fremont LHMP included a strategy of utilizing “vegetation management to reduce risks in existing development”. Activities pursuant to this strategy included promoting “awareness of vegetation management standards for fire fuel reduction” and maintaining “fire abatement standards, especially in the hillside and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) areas.”
Since this time, the City maintained highly successful vegetation management and wildfire fuel reduction programs. As evidence of the success of these programs, more than 95% of vegetation fires in Fremont were contained to one acre or less.

VHFHZ
Under local ordinance, certain areas in Fremont – primarily in the Hill Area east of Mission Boulevard – are designated as Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VFHSZ). This designation applies stringent requirements for the hardening of buildings against wildfire, as well as requiring defensible space and other fuel reduction measures, in accordance with practices recognized by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE).

Private Property
In advance of Fire Season, the Fire Department’s Fire Prevention Division provides notice to residents in VFHSZs regarding defensible space and fuel reduction requirements and conducts inspections and any necessary follow-up enforcement. The department maintains a high level of compliance, thanks to the diligence and overwhelming cooperation of property owners.

Public Property
The City’s Community Services Department is responsible for vegetation management and fuel reduction on City-maintained property. The department’s Park Maintenance Division, which maintains parks and City-owned urban landscapes, completes annual vegetation management and fuel reduction work prior to each Fire Season. Work includes discing and mowing using tractors, hand work near property lines, selective tree pruning, and removal of dead or unhealthy trees. 57 zones are subject to this annual fuel reduction work.

The City uses prescribed grazing to reduce wildfire risk on public property in WUI areas. This includes seasonal goat grazing at Sabercat Historical Park, which is instituted on a seasonal basis by the Community Services Department’s Environmental Services Division. In addition, the Public Works Department leases approximately 2,500 acres of undeveloped City-owned properties in the Hill Area to ranchers who use the land for cattle and horse grazing.

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Figure 2-1 Prescribed grazing near Sabercat Creek Trail, using goats S0ource: City of Fremont (courtesy of Juan Barajas)
City of Newark
The City of Newark’s Public Works department partnered with a local non-profit organization, Urban Forest Friends, to help develop a tree planting program in the City. Reaching out to residents, the City has conducted 3 planting events at the Newark Community Center Park, Ash Street Park, and Byington Park.

The City plans to continue this action item in 2024 with its community partners and residents.

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Figure 2-2 City of Newark Tree Planting Event
Source: City of Newark
City of Union City
The City of Union City highlights two past action success stories:
➢ Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. In 2017 Union City Police Department (UCPD) identified the need to develop an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capability for hazard mitigation surveys and for use during post-disaster damage assessment. UCPD has completed the purchase of this UAV and implemented policies and procedures for use of this equipment during post-disaster events. ➢ City Employee Incident Command System Training. The City of Union City also identified foundational training of all employees on ICS-100, 700 and for supervisors and above they were also assigned ICS-200 & 800. As of the end of 2023, all City Disaster Service Workers had been assigned these trainings and the City has over 98% completion rate for this training.

Alameda County Water District
The City of Union City highlights two past action success stories:
➢ Vallacitos Maintenance Project. Built in 1965, the Vallecitos Channel had seen erosion of channel banks, damage to an access road, and sediment deposition and vegetation growth. This increased flood risk and reduced the channel capacity to 15 cfs from 40 cfs. Completed in the fall of 2021, the channel was brought back to capacity. Rock slope protection was added, sediment was excavated, vegetation management was completed, and roads regraded.
➢ Avalon Tank Protection. Avalon Tank site was construction by Avalon Heights developers in the 1990s. During initial construction, soil nails were installed to stabilize the colluvial soils on terraced cut slopes. Since construction, the exposed hillside has experienced surficial erosion during the rainy seasons. ACWD has been implementing temporary protection measures (tarps), and routinely cleaning up the hillside. After a major storm event in 2015, a major FEMA funded clean up was required.

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ACWD retained Kleinfelder to perform an alternative analysis to address the ongoing erosion issue.

Recommended alternative: Soil Nail Wall with a Shotcrete Facing. In 2020, ACWD Retained Cal Engineering & Geology to complete the design. Multiple repairs were completed.

Table 2-1 Avalon Tank Protection
Source: ACWD
Union Sanitary District
The Union Sanitary District highlights their Standby Power Generation Upgrade Project:

Standby Power Generation System Upgrade Project. In pursuit of enhancing the overall resilience of the Union Sanitary District Wastewater Treatment Plant and fortifying its capacity to withstand potential hazards, an important success mitigation action has been undertaken. This initiative revolves around the substantial improvement of the plant's stand-by power system, a critical component in ensuring continuous operations during emergencies and unforeseen disruptions to the electric grid.

The focal point of this project is the replacement of three power generators within the wastewater treatment facility. These generators have been selected and will soon to be installed to serve as a robust alternative power generation source, thereby mitigating the adverse impacts of potential electric grid failures. The planning and execution of this project are geared towards creating a resilient infrastructure that can seamlessly navigate through challenges, ensuring the uninterrupted functionality of the wastewater treatment plant even in the face of disaster and other major emergencies.

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plan and aligns with our commitment to environmental sustainability, as these generators are designed to operate efficiently and with reduced environmental impact.

Inclusion of this success mitigation action in the revised local hazard mitigation plan is a testament to Union Sanitary District’s dedication to community welfare and environmental stewardship. This strategic enhancement is a step forward in the ongoing efforts to create a robust and adaptable wastewater treatment facility that can continue to serve the community effectively, even in the most challenging circumstances.

Figure 2-3 Standby Generator
Source: USD

2.3.2. 2016/2017/2022 Mitigation Strategy Update
The 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs contained separate mitigation strategies for their respective jurisdictions.

These have been combined below. Collectively, the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs contained 140 separate mitigation actions for the jurisdictions. Of these, 10 are complete, 2 have portions that are complete and portions that are ongoing, 113 are ongoing, and 15 have not been started. 77 actions have been identified for inclusion in this LHMP Update and have been carried forward in Chapter 5. Table 2-2 provides a status summary of the mitigation action projects from the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs. Following the table is a description of the status of each project.

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Table 2-2 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs: Mitigation Action Status Summary Mitigation Action Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in Plan
Update
2016 City of Fremont Mitigation Actions
Perform appropriate seismic and fire safety analysis based on current and future use for all City-owned facilities and structures.

X Y
Strengthen, rehabilitate or replace City facilities and structures, based on the seismic and fire safety analysis, as funding is available.

X Y
Conduct ongoing training for first responders and City personnel to ensure they have the necessary training and equipment to deal with a hazard (including natural and man-made disasters).

X N
Reduce seismic and fire risk in existing development through building and fire code updates and enforcement.

X N
Explore local legislation to regulate the storage of hazardous materials to be protected from flood zones, rising sea levels and tsunami inundation areas.

X N
Coordinate disaster preparation and mitigation practices with private sector, public institutions and other public bodies.

X N
Protect vulnerable water facilities to ensure an adequate water supply during emergencies and disaster recovery.

X Y
Protect vulnerable electric systems and facilities and build resiliency so disruption to the system is minimized during and following disasters.

Ensure adequate redundancy and fuel is available to maintain critical facilities.

X Y
Improve the disaster-resistance of the natural gas delivery system to increase public safety and to minimize damage and service disruption following a disaster.

X Y
Protect vulnerable wastewater facilities to ensure wastewater is treated during emergencies and disaster recovery.

X N
Perform hazard vulnerability analysis for solid waste management facilities utilized by the City.

X N
Integrate Climate Action Plan goals and actions with the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan goals and actions, if determined feasible.

X Y
Integrate climate change research and adaptation planning into City operations and services.

X Y
Rehabilitate the City’s storm water system to reduce local flooding of nearby streets, utilities and buildings, caused by storm drainage during storms, high tides, sea level rise, seismic events and power outages.

X Y
Streamline the permitting process to rebuild residential and commercial structures following disasters.

X N
Provide outreach activities related to hazard mitigation and disaster preparedness.

X Y
Reduce hazard vulnerabilities for non-City-owned buildings throughout Fremont.

X Y
Utilize vegetation management to reduce risks in existing development X Y Packet Page No. 261
Tri-City 2-17
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in Plan
Update
The City’s Soft-Story Residential Building Program, Existing Tilt-Up Concrete and Reinforced Masonry Buildings Programs were to be completed by 2008. All known buildings have been retrofitted and removed from the list of buildings out of compliance. If additional buildings are found to be out of compliance, the City will continue to implement the programs.

X Y
Continue the City’s participation in the National Flood Insurance Program.

X Y
Establish cooling centers and encourage landscaping improvements to reduce Fremont resident’s vulnerability to extreme heat events, severe storms, and associated hazards.

X X N
Collaborate with ACWD, local, state, regional and federal partners to increase the security of Fremont’s water supply from climate change impacts.

X N
Mitigate the impacts of sea level rise in Fremont, by making shoreline and Bay lands facilities more resilient to earthquake, storm and high water elevation hazards in order to maintain functionality and protect inland facilities. Define any associated tsunami hazards and mitigation.

X Y
2017 Union City Mitigation Actions
Where appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase, or relocation of structures in hazard-prone areas to prevent future structure damage. Give priority to properties with exposure to repetitive losses.

X Y
Continue to support the Planning Area-wide actions identified in this plan.

X N
Actively participate in the plan maintenance strategy identified in this plan.

X N
Consider participation in incentive-based programs such as the Community Rating System, Tree City, and StormReady.

X Y
Maintain good standing under the National Flood Insurance Program by implementing programs that meet or exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. Such programs include enforcing an adopted flood damage prevention ordinance, participating in floodplain mapping updates, and providing public assistance and information on floodplain requirements and impacts.

X Y
Integrate the hazard mitigation plan into other plans, programs, or resources that dictate land use or redevelopment
X Y
Seek City Council approval and funding for a full-time Emergency Manager job classification.

X N
Update the citywide Continuity of Operations/Continuity of Government (COO/COG) Plan from the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP), and implement required COO/COG actions.

X N
Based on EOC staffing capabilities assessment, ensure that mandated training is provided to all employees in SEMS, FEMA ICS-100, ICS-200, IS-700, and IS-800; and ensure that employee training records are securely maintained.

X Y
Packet Page No. 262
Tri-City 2-18
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in Plan
Update
Based on EOC staffing capabilities assessment, ensure that mandated training is provided to employees who require advanced knowledge and application of the ICS, such as primary and alternate EOC Section Chiefs and senior field personnel, to include at least ICS-300, ICS-400, and the FEMA Professional Development Series; and ensure that employee training records are securely maintained.

X Y
Based on EOC staffing capabilities assessment, ensure that all Police Department staff who may be assigned the role of incident commander at an emergency/disaster scene have received Incident Commander training; and ensure that employee training records are securely maintained.

X N
Monitor local availability of upcoming training opportunities for city staff regarding incident staffing, disaster response, and recovery.

X N
Conduct EOC tabletop exercise(s) to evaluate capabilities and train employees in their assigned EOC role(s).

X N
Develop and exercise a Disaster Debris Management Plan. X Y Enhance public education and awareness of natural and manmade hazards in the community and public understanding of disaster preparedness, including foreign language translations.

X Y
Ensure all property address signage meets current Building and Fire Code standards.

X N
Develop improved capabilities to incorporate GIS technology by all departments into services provided to the public and for use during emergency/disaster incidents.

X N
Conduct a test of emergency communications and information systems interoperability, to establish baseline capabilities for employee call-back, communications between the EOC and incident command, and communications with the Operational Area and Mutual Aid resources.

X N
Implement Fire Department field inspection system using portable computers for engine company inspections and Fire Prevention inspections, to integrate inspections, re-inspections, invoicing, permits, CUPA and business license data.

X N
Review, revise, and update the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) – ACFD contract requirement
X N
Conduct a gap analysis of the Union City Emergency/Disaster preparedness and response program, to include a comprehensive review of employee training requirements and needs, plans and procedures, EOC equipment and staffing capabilities, and related analyses.

X N
Conduct a seismic and functional assessment of the CERT trailer behind Fire Station #31, for use as the designated Alternate EOC site.

X Y
Train appropriate staff in FEMA’s Hazards-US GIS extension and Benefit/Cost Analysis Tool for use in potential grant applications and post-disaster property assessments.

X N
Acquire handheld GPS trackers to develop an urban tree inventory for monitoring the health of trees and identifying potentially dangerous dead or dying trees.

X Y
Develop a long-term urban forest management plan to address adverse future impacts on the City’s natural resources.

X Y
Packet Page No. 263
Tri-City 2-19
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in Plan
Update
Develop and maintain a landscape design manual to provide general guidance and education to the public on water efficiency in landscaping and to serve as a resource for water efficient landscape design and installation, including lists of recommended site appropriate native and drought-tolerant plant species.

X Y
Integrate climate change and natural hazards planning in to current city plan revisions and future planning initiatives.

X Y
Work with ACWD to design and install seismically resilient backbone pipeline through liquefiable soils in Union City
X Y
Acquire emergency generators for the City’s critical facilities, specifically Fire Station 31, the Senior Center, and Corporation Yard.

X Y
Conduct a comprehensive structural seismic analysis of the City’s facilities.

X N
Establish a Broadband-WiFi10g network in the Station District. X Y Establish a Broadband-WiFi10g network backbone infrastructure along major thoroughfares throughout the City.

X Y
Conduct a Feasibly Study to review necessary improvements required to make Mark Green Sports Center a base camp for recovering families after crisis
X N
Conduct a Feasibility Study to identify temporary morgue facilities. X Y Conduct a Feasibility Study to review the highway overpass bridge of Alvarado Niles Road over I-880 , for any seismic upgrades X Y
Coordinate with the city of Hayward to conduct a Feasibility Study to review any seismic upgrades for the I-880 overpass over Whipple Road X Y
Construct grade separations on the Niles Subdivision and the Oakland Subdivision in the Decoto neighborhood, and on the Coast Subdivision on Union City Boulevard, Smith Street, Dyer Street, and Alvarado Boulevard.

X Y
Acquire two Mobile Emergency Operations Centers X Y
Acquire two 4-wheel drive emergency response vehicles capable of supporting emergency/disaster workers with enhanced safety when traveling into and out of disaster zones or dangerous locations.

X Y
Acquire four radio charging stations for spare radios. X Y Acquire two Mobile Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Base Units to communicate with deployed field radios.

X N
Acquire 100 portable beds/cots for use to support sheltering/mass care operations during a disaster.

X N
Acquire four satellite phones. X X N
Acquire two rescue boats X N
Establish redundant, offsite copies of crucial information and all City data to be able to maintain basic network functions.

X N
Establish a fully redundant data center with no outage if the main building fails.

X N
Acquire offsite battery backups to carry energy load until generators start. X N Packet Page No. 264
Tri-City 2-20
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in Plan
Update
Develop unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capability for hazard mitigation surveys and post-disaster damage assessments; and develop policies, procedures and staff training guidelines for UAV use.

X N
Develop multi-cultural training presentations and handouts in multiple languages, to expand participation in the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program.

X N
Establish a central paging system for all City locations to be expanded for SMS/cell phone alerts during major disasters.

X N
Establish a high speed link from all City facilities back to City Hall X N Establish a second location in the City to provide internet/email/external connections, as a backup to the existing City Hall systems that perform this function.

X N
Establish a portable unit or fixed location for use as a community preparedness training site, volunteer coordination point, and disaster first responder work station center with access to the City’s computer network, to supplement the Emergency Operations Center.

X N
Expansion of central lock system to all off sites and all doors. X N 2017 City of Newark Actions
Where appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase, or relocation of structures in hazard-prone areas to prevent future structure damage. Give priority to properties with exposure to repetitive losses.

X Y
Continue to support the Planning Area-wide actions identified in this plan.

X N
Actively participate in the plan maintenance strategy identified in this plan.

X N
Consider participation in incentive-based programs such as the Community Rating System, Tree City, and StormReady.

X Y
Maintain good standing under the National Flood Insurance Program by implementing programs that meet or exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. Such programs include enforcing an adopted flood damage prevention ordinance, participating in floodplain mapping updates, and providing public assistance and information on floodplain requirements and impacts.

X Y
Integrate the HMP into other plans, programs, or resources that dictate land use or redevelopment.

X N
Adopt the 2016 California Building Code. X Y
Update the city zoning code, including considerations for hazard mitigation.

X Y
Include elements of the HMP to inform future updates to the Newark Climate Action Plan.

X N
Complete Railroad overcrossing at Central Avenue to prevent isolation during seismic event.

X N
Replace Eucalyptus groves with non-hazardous tree species. X Y Conduct storm drainage improvements along Lindsay Tract Street X Y Packet Page No. 265
Tri-City 2-21
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in Plan
Update
Retrofit police administration building to essential services/critical facility standards.

X N
Retrofit Administration Building and Library to current seismic standards. X N Relocate current Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and update critical EOC equipment.

N
Develop a comprehensive post disaster recovery plan. X N Develop a comprehensive Continuity of Operations (COOP) Plan for Administration and templates for individual department COOP development.

X N
Retrofit and update the Fire Station Training Facility (Station 27). X Y Develop a jurisdiction-wide tree inventory and long-term tree management plan including an outreach initiative encouraging Newark residents to conduct tree maintenance on private property.

X Y
Developed a phased approach to citywide tree inspection and pruning. X N Develop a comprehensive public outreach campaign that informs residents of pipeline risks in the community and provides safety information on how to identify potential pipeline failure hazards.

X Y
2022 Alameda County Water District Actions
Develop and maintain an asset management program that tracks natural hazard events that impact the District and captures damages to District assets, service disruption and other perishable data (e.g., high water marks, preliminary damage estimates, damage photos) to support future mitigation efforts including the implementation and maintenance of the HMP). If feasible, review historic incident reports and jobs for information related to past hazard events.

X Y
Reevaluate standby generator needs and purchase and install as needed, such as at the desalinization plant and aquifer reclamation production wells.

X Y
Design and install a seismically resilient backbone pipeline through liquefiable soils, primarily in Union City.

X Y
Install emergency isolation valves into the distribution system with remote operation capability, as appropriate.

X Y
Retrofit and/or update District tanks and reservoirs to improve seismic resilience, including reservoir roof at the following: Alameda, Decoto, Middlefield, and Patterson.

X Y
Consider the purchase and installation of fuel cells as alternative emergency power backup systems at Newark Desalination Facility and the Blending Facility.

X Y
Conduct channel betterments on the Vallecitos Channel or install a pipeline adjacent to the channel to increase reliability of flows to facilitate groundwater recharge.

X N
Repair diversion capability through the Kaiser embankment to ensure post disaster groundwater recharge capabilities and to protect the natural and beneficial functions of the Kaiser Ponds.

X Y
Packet Page No. 266
Tri-City 2-22
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in Plan
Update
As needed, review, update and enhance intertie agreements with the City of Hayward and the City of Milpitas.

X Y
Consider identifying a sister jurisdiction and develop a protocol for exchanging post event Shakecast information.

X N
Study water supply reliability alternatives including recycled water, and Lake Del Valle and Los Vaqueros reservoir storage expansion projects to improve water supply capabilities from catastrophic losses of supply.

X Y
Continue to participate in local emergency response trainings and exercises.

X Y
Ensure appropriate staff is trained to support District functions when the Emergency Operations Center is activated.

X N
Continue to integrate the capital improvement program with the HMP. X Y Continue to prioritize and implement distribution system replacements and improvements to identified critical consumers and/or vulnerable areas.

X Y
Where appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase or relocation of structures located in high hazard areas and prioritize those structures that have experienced repetitive losses.

X N
Actively participate in the plan maintenance protocols outlined in Volume I of the HMP
X N
Continue implementing a comprehensive demand management program. X N Continue existing vegetation management program to minimize risk of wildfire and landslides.

X N
Consider a post-disaster recovery plan and coordinate with Tri Cities on their debris management plans.

X N
Review the City of Fremont’s HMP and coordinate with Fremont’s Emergency Planner to further develop HMP.

X N
Installing a second Deep Aquifer water well at the Mowry Wellfield which is not known to be impacted by PFAS and will prove to be beneficial for long term water supply reliability. As a portion of the groundwater supply is utilized by ACWD as dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve, it’s use is being limited by the detection of PFAS. A second well, will make a portion of the dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve available again, thereby alleviating impacts.

X Y
Construct a system to treat 6 MGD of well water at the blending facility for PFAS and increase the amount of water the facility can provide to our customers while maintaining PFAS levels below the Notification Levels.

As a portion of the groundwater supply is utilized by ACWD as dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve, it’s use is being limited by the detection of PFAS. Treatment will make the dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve available again, thereby alleviating impacts.

X Y
Complete a redesign of blending facility to allow low production and neat chemical feed.

X Y
Evaluation and preliminary design of an intertie with San Francisco InterBay Pipeline 1, 2 and/or 5.X Y Packet Page No. 267
Tri-City 2-23
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in Plan
Update
Complete desalinization facility reliability enhancements as indicated in the Integrated Resources Plan.

X Y
2017 Union Sanitary District Mitigation Actions
Build a new facilities maintenance shop – facility will meet seismic standards and built on a raised foundation to accommodate hazards of sea level rise and flooding
X Y
Equalization Storage Basin at Alvarado. Basin will temporarily hold waste water if discharge through the East Bay Dischargers Authority (EBDA) system is interrupted. This prevents discharge of treated waste into Alameda Creek.

X Y
Build Digester No. 7. With decreased liquid flow and increased solids management, increased digester operations are required to properly treat solid waste which will also generate additional bio-gas for co-generation of electricity.

X N
Rebuild East Aeration Tank Roof – The tank concrete roof has been identified as seismically unstable and has a weakened load capacity. Loss of this structure reduces our treatment capacity by 20%.

X Y
Seismic upgrade of Primary Clarifier 1-4 - The roof structure over the clarifiers has been identified as seismically unstable. Loss of this structure would reduce our treatment capacity by approximately 85 percent.

X Y
Upgrade Standby Power Generation System - Replace the current 6 standby diesel generators for the treatment plant with newer more reliable generators that produce fewer emissions.

X N
Emergency back-up data communications – provide redundant data communications for monitoring and operation of USD wastewater pumping and treatment equipment at the treatment plant and pump stations.

X N
Integrate the HMP into other plans and programs (e.g. CIP, District-Wide Master Plan)
X N
Develop and implement a program and process to capture historical and perishable data after any event to support future mitigation efforts.

X Y
Participate in the HMP maintenance and updating outlined in Volume I of this HMP.

X N
Improve Public Information and Public Outreach to include Hazard Mitigation Programs. Includes newsletter and educational video.

X Y
Seismic Retrofit of Concrete Structures - This is an ongoing project of improving concrete structures as we have other repairs or improvements of the structure. Planned actions and estimates are from our documented seismic assessments
X Y
Newark Pump Station Emergency Outfall – Establish an outfall from the Newark pump station to the SF bay. This will allow discharge of wastewater if the forcemain to the treatment plant is damaged or the treatment plant is damaged and prevent wastewater backup into communities and wetland areas causing a public health concern.

X N
Packet Page No. 268
Tri-City 2-24
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Mitigation Action Complete Ongoing Not
Started
Project
in Plan
Update
Forcemain Alameda creek crossing ground stabilization – The soil around the forcemain near Alameda creek has been identified as very unstable.

This will stabilize the soil and forcemain pipeline to prevent sewage leakage into Alameda creek and the wetland areas
X Y
Forcemain lining – Forcemain is constructed of segmented concrete pipe.

This project will line the pipeline to prevent leakage at joints if the pipeline moves or settles. Much of this pipeline is within protected wetland areas.

X Y
Admin Seismic Upgrade – This building was identified to be critical to life safety and restoring basic service. The building has seismic deficiencies and is vulnerable to damage from a seismic event.

X Y
Control Building Seismic Upgrade - This building was identified to be critical to life safety and restoring basic service. The building has seismic deficiencies and is vulnerable to damage from a seismic event.

X Y
Field Ops Building Seismic Upgrade – This building was identified to be critical to life safety and restoring basic service. The building has seismic deficiencies and is vulnerable to damage from a seismic event.

X Y
Packet Page No. 269
Tri-City 2-25
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
City of Fremont Mitigation Actions
Perform appropriate seismic and fire safety analysis based on current and future use for all City-owned facilities and structures.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Analysis and identification of structures supporting critical emergency Response functions is addressed in the Plan. This includes identification of Critical Facilities and Lifelines and scenario-based modelling of seismic impacts to facilities.

Prior to 2016, seismic retrofits were completed at all Fremont fire stations and the Fremont police campus.

Seismic improvements at the Fremont police campus begun Summer 2010, at a cost of approximately $5.25 million, and included the Police Department’s administrative office and police station, and the City’s 9-1- 1 public safety answering point, which is also police dispatch. Other improvements during this time included the jail and evidence building (built 2002, but currently not in use as jail). Since 2016, work was completed on a new emergency backup power generator providing full power to the police campus, except for the adjacent animal services building. Between 2005 and 2012, all Fremont fire stations were either replaced or seismically renovated. These improvements meet current standards for Essential Service facilities under California law (California Health and Safety Code, Chapter 2, §§ 16000 - 16022), which require that any fire station, police station, emergency communications dispatch center, or emergency operations center built July 1, 1986 or after “be designed and constructed to minimize fire hazards and to resist, insofar as practical, the forces generated by earthquakes, gravity, and winds.” Strengthen, rehabilitate or replace City facilities and structures, based on the seismic and fire safety analysis, as funding is available.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): No projects to strengthen, rehabilitate, or replace existing City of Fremont facilities and structures were completed, for the purposes of either seismic or fire safety.

Conduct ongoing training for first responders and City personnel to ensure they have the necessary training and equipment to deal with a hazard (including natural and man-made disasters).

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Police and Fire Departments conduct regular, ongoing training for uniformed emergency response personnel. The City of Fremont City Council authorized a new Emergency Services Coordinator position in the City’s FY 2022-23, increasing the staffing of the Fire Department’s Office of Emergency Services to 2.0 employees. The Fire Department anticipates the position will be used to support training of City of Fremont personnel in their capacity as Disaster Service Workers, among other duties.

Packet Page No. 270
Tri-City 2-26
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Reduce seismic and fire risk in existing development through building and fire code updates and enforcement.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The California Building and Fire Codes are updated once every three years and are adopted into the Fremont Municipal Code by Ordinance, except that the City opts to adopt more stringent standards than State law requires in certain cases. In June 2023, the City Council adopted new standards which meet or exceed the 2022 California Building and Fire Codes.

The Fire Department’s Prevention Bureau continues its efforts to reduce fire risk through regularly scheduled fire safety and hazardous materials inspections. The Bureau is increasingly responding to and supporting requests from the public neighborhood-based adoption of National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA) Firewise standards. Under the NFPA Firewise program, residents may accrue reduced fire insurance premiums. Attaining the NFPA Firewise designation requires a neighborhood inspection and evaluation of factors such as emergency vehicle access, defensible space, and home exterior construction.

Individual firefighting units of the Fire Department’s Operations Bureau conduct periodic field orientations and mapping of hazard prone areas, including evaluating access (e. g. gates, public and private roads, etc.).

During its evaluations, units use the department’s new Tablet Command software to maintain shared awareness of special hazards and conditions, and to evaluate emergency response route efficiencies.

Explore local legislation to regulate the storage of hazardous materials to be protected from flood zones, rising sea levels and tsunami inundation areas.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Fire Department’s Prevention Bureau, Hazardous Materials Division is the Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) certified by CalEPA to implement and enforce hazardous waste and hazardous materials regulatory oversight programs concerning Fremont businesses, in accordance with State law. The Hazardous Materials Division conducts regular inspections of facilities which store or handle hazardous materials, as required by law. These facilities are subject to the City’s Building and Fire Codes.

In 2023, the Hazardous Materials Division identified a list of the highest risk hazardous materials facilities.

This information is used in the Plan’s mapping of Vulnerable Facilities and local hazards.

Coordinate disaster preparation and mitigation practices with private sector, public institutions and other public bodies.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing and is carried forward in this LHMP Update.

Packet Page No. 271
Tri-City 2-27
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Protect vulnerable water facilities to ensure an adequate water supply during emergencies and disaster recovery.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): ACWD completed seismic upgrades in the Fremont area, including identification and update of critical mains. High priority mains along fault crossings have been retrofitted to facilitate above-ground bypasses in the event the mains rupture following an earthquake, due to ground displacement. The bypass system consists of street level manifolds and valves located on either side of fault, and special hose which is placed above ground, connecting to the manifolds on either side of the fault. These upgrades were completed:
➢ Near Shinn Street, Mowry Avenue, Peralta Boulevard, and the ACWD’s well fields ➢ At ACWD’s Ridley Drive production facility
➢ Union Street
➢ Osgood Road, between Blacow Road and Washington Boulevard ➢ In the area of Durham Road and I-680
Protect vulnerable electric systems and facilities and build resiliency so disruption to the system is minimized during and following disasters. Ensure adequate redundancy and fuel is available to maintain critical facilities.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Installation of a new generator at the Fremont Police Campus was completed in 2023. Currently, the City is in the process of replacing generators at Fire Stations 4 and 10, with anticipated completion in 2024.

Maintenance of emergency generators at fire and police stations, the Maintenance Center, the Development Center, and City Hall is prioritized for funding in the City of Fremont’s Capital Improvement Plan.

Most designated emergency shelters (i. e., for sheltering evacuees following natural disasters and other incidents) in the City of Fremont lack alternative sources of electrical power. In 2022 and 2023, the City of Fremont unsuccessfully pursued two separate grant opportunities to fund the purchase and installation of transfer switches at select designated emergency shelter facilities – to facilitate emergency power by means of large portable generators following an incident. Further coordination is needed to plan and program resiliency and redundancy for emergency shelters operated by other agencies Improve the disaster-resistance of the natural gas delivery system to increase public safety and to minimize damage and service disruption following a disaster.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): No known action on this.

Packet Page No. 272
Tri-City 2-28
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Protect vulnerable wastewater facilities to ensure wastewater is treated during emergencies and disaster recovery.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing.

Perform hazard vulnerability analysis for solid waste management facilities utilized by the City.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Not performed.

Integrate Climate Action Plan goals and actions with the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan goals and actions, if determined feasible.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The City Council adopted the City’s new Climate Action Plan, Climate Ready Fremont in October 2023.

Integrate climate change research and adaptation planning into City operations and services.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The City Council adopted the City’s new Climate Action Plan, Climate Ready Fremont in October 2023.

Rehabilitate the City’s storm water system to reduce local flooding of nearby streets, utilities and buildings, caused by storm drainage during storms, high tides, sea level rise, seismic events and power outages.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): During storm events, Street Maintenance staff are immediately dispatched to designated known “hot spots” for immediate action on storm flood, power outages and other related issues. Staff is also staff divided into 3 sections (north, central and south) to maximize coverage. Calls for flooding and power outages are dispatched through Street Field Supervisors during normal hours and calls after hours come through Police Department Dispatch. These calls are logged and plotted on a storm map until they are completed. Rehabilitation project for known "hot spots" are then programmed and funded through the 5-year Capital Improvement Program. This project has not yet been started due to funding. It is carried forward into this Plan Update.

Streamline the permitting process to rebuild residential and commercial structures following disasters.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project has not been started. It is not being carried forward in this Plan Update.

Packet Page No. 273
Tri-City 2-29
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
March 2024
Provide outreach activities related to hazard mitigation and disaster preparedness.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): In October 2023, the Fremont Fire Department, Office of Emergency Services launched new emergency preparedness online resources on Fremont.gov. In addition to content on how to prepare for various hazards, content includes information regarding natural hazards as well as guidance for home mitigation for earthquake, wildfire, flooding, and other hazards.

Mitigation-related content includes:
➢ Cal OES My Hazards (online natural hazard mapping)
➢ Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety (which includes home mitigation) ➢ Earthquake early warning
➢ Promotion of earthquake insurance, which is administered by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA) and available for purchase by property owners and renters through insurance providers. ➢ Promotion of the California Residential Mitigation Program’s (CRMP) Earthquake Brace + Bolt program. The program provides funding to perform seismic retrofits to the foundation of eligible older homes.
➢ Wildfire mitigation resources (including defensible space and wildfire prevention information) ➢ Flood mitigation resources (including NFIP flood mapping and promotion of the city’s the sandbag program for residents)
In 2023, the City’s Public Works Department distributed flood information by mail to all residents in designated floodplains. The flyer provides information and resources on what to do before, during, and following a flood. In addition to disseminating flood information to residents in the floodplain areas per the Community Rating System, Fremont has enhanced the communication efforts for residents citywide to include storm and flood preparation information through the Fremont Connect Newsletter and various City social media accounts. Communications are now regularly scheduled through the Public Works, OES, and Fremont Communications Team.

Reduce hazard vulnerabilities for non-City-owned buildings throughout Fremont.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): In 2018, the Washington Hospital Healthcare System (WHHS) completed construction on the Morris Hyman Critical Care Pavilion. In June 2022, Alameda County Healthcare Services Agency and WHHS jointly announced that Washington Hospital would become Alameda County’s newest Trauma Center, designated as a Level II Adult Trauma Center.

The hospital anticipates it will begin receiving adult trauma patients in Summer 2024, with official certification of its status as a trauma center to follow in 2025.

In compliance with the Alfred E. Alquist Hospital Facilities Seismic Safety Act (California Health and Safety Code, Chapter 1, §§ 129675-130070), the 2018 project is intended to allow the Morris Hyman Critical Care Pavilion to continue to operate following a major earthquake. A base isolation structural system allows the building to move three feet horizontally and/or allows for some vertical displacement of the building, while enabling the Hospital to continue to operate both during and after the earthquake.

Additional work is planned to upgrade other WHHS facilities. The next phase calls for construction of a Packet Page No. 274
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new seismically safe building and infill of the Morris Hyman Critical Care Pavilion shell space, which will be completed prior to the 2030 deadline for seismic improvements under the aforementioned law.

Fremont Unified School District (FUSD) completed construction of Lila Bringhurst Elementary School in 2021. In 2022, the school was added to the Fremont Fire Department, Office of Emergency Services’ roster of pre-planned emergency shelters. FUSD recently completed major renovations of each of its five middle schools. Each of these facilities meets California’s newest seismic standards for public schools.

In March 1998, a massive landslide occurred on Fremont’s Mission Peak. The City of Fremont’s Public Works Department conducts continuous monitoring of the landslide area.

Utilize vegetation management to reduce risks in existing development Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Fremont Fire Department’s Fire Prevention Bureau maintains a list of approximately 100 parcels in its Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (as designated by local ordinance). Mailers are sent in advance of Fire Season, providing residents approximately 30 to 45 days to comply with specified vegetation reduction standards. Following issuance of the mailers, the Fire Prevention Bureau’s Fire Prevention Inspectors inspect the properties. As necessary, follow-up mailers with Notice to Abate are issued. Citations may be issued for failure to comply. The Community Development Department’s Code Enforcement staff enforce residential nuisances, including violations concerning vegetation reduction (e. g. high, dry grass, etc.). The City maintains a high level of compliance.

The City of Fremont has a proactive weed abatement program for vegetation management of city-owned, undeveloped land that is adjacent to existing development. 57 zones are managed by contractors and city staff. The Weed Abatement program typically begins the first week of May, once the rain has subsided and grasses begin to decline. Procedures include discing or mowing all zones along with any necessary hand work along property lines where tractor access is limited, as a follow up procedure. Additionally, tree pruning and removal of excessive debris from terrain is conducted as well as removal of any dead or declining trees that may increase potential fire risk. The City of Fremon has agreements with various service providers to conduct prescribed grazing in open space areas. This may include the use of cattle, horses, and goats and includes both annual and seasonal contract agreements. Grazers are also responsible for fire breaks around property perimeters adjacent to roads or structures.

The Community Services Department, Park Maintenance Division – which maintains parks and Cityowned urban landscapes – is responsible for vegetation management on City property. The Parks Maintenance Division completes annual vegetation reduction prior to each Fire Season.

The City does not have jurisdiction regarding vegetation reduction on State property, such as Interstate and State highway rights-of-way. From time to time, the Fire Department submits vegetation reduction requests to Caltrans.

On Fremont.gov, the Fire Department provides information on wildfire safety and defensible space requirements.

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The City’s Soft-Story Residential Building Program, Existing Tilt-Up Concrete and Reinforced Masonry Buildings Programs were to be completed by 2008. All known buildings have been retrofitted and removed from the list of buildings out of compliance. If additional buildings are found to be out of compliance, the City will continue to implement the programs.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): By way of background, in 2008, the City of Fremont hired contracted services to complete an inventory of soft-story, tilt-up concrete, and unreinforced masonry buildings. This inventory was prepared based on windshield surveys. Owners were contacted and asked to comply by (1) substantiating the building is not subject to the ordinance, (2) filing a permit to perform a retrofit, or (3) demonstrating compliance.

Priorities were established for enforcement, based on number of units and stories. Property owners were given a number of years to comply, although the process can extend considerably in cases of noncompliance.

Since this time, the Community Development Department’s Code Enforcement unit has discovered additional such buildings in the course of its work, which were not identified in the initial windshield surveys).

Beginning in 2024, the Community Development Department plans to conduct an audit of all known buildings subject to the seismic ordinance. Additional follow-up enforcement is anticipated, which will likely require continuous monitoring and enforcement to achieve compliance.

Continue the City’s participation in the National Flood Insurance Program.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): NFIP mapping is posted to fremont.gov at:
https://www.fremont.gov/government/departments/engineering/flood-information. In 2023, the City participated in a CRS review. The Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management practices that exceed the minimum requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). In CRS communities, flood insurance premium rates are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from the community’s efforts that address the three goals of the program: reduce and avoid flood damage to insurable property; strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the National Flood Insurance Program; and foster comprehensive floodplain management. In 2023, Fremont participated in a CRS recertification review of the City's Floodplain Management Program and Fremont was designated a Class 8 community that qualifies for 10% flood insurance premium discounts for residents within the designated floodplain zone.

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Establish cooling centers and encourage landscaping improvements to reduce Fremont resident’s vulnerability to extreme heat events, severe storms, and associated hazards.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The 2024 Tri-Cities Multi-jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan will include discussion and analysis.

The Fremont Fire Department – OES monitors the weather forecast on a weekly basis from approximately May to November (late- meteorological Spring to mid- meteorological Fall) and advises when Cooling Centers will open based on established criteria. (See example Situation Reports, planning matrix with criteria, and https://www.fremont.gov/residents/emergency-preparedness/hot-weather-safety.

There are no local energy ordinances (regarding use or construction). In 2016, the City implemented a solar requirement for new low-rise residential construction, as well as provisions for E/V electric vehicle charging readiness. Solar batteries are not a requirement.

Collaborate with ACWD, local, state, regional and federal partners to increase the security of Fremont’s water supply from climate change impacts.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): ACWD adopted a water use efficiency master plan in 2021.

Mitigate the impacts of sea level rise in Fremont, by making shoreline and Bay lands facilities more resilient to earthquake, storm and high water elevation hazards in order to maintain functionality and protect inland facilities. Define any associated tsunami hazards and mitigation.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): In 2021, Cal OES released California Department of Conservation – California Geological Survey mapping of tsunami inundation for Alameda County, including Fremont. The City developed new online Emergency Preparedness resources in 2022 and 2023, including an Evacuation page. There is currently no posted signage regarding Tsunami Hazard Zones nor Tsunami Evacuation Routes.

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City of Newark Actions
Where appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase, or relocation of structures in hazard-prone areas to prevent future structure damage. Give priority to properties with exposure to repetitive losses.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing and will be included in this Plan Update.

Continue to support the Planning Area-wide actions identified in this plan.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing, but is not considered a mitigation action for this Plan Update (it is more of a policy).

Actively participate in the plan maintenance strategy identified in this plan.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing, but is not considered a mitigation action for this Plan Update (it is more of a policy).

Consider participation in incentive-based programs such as the Community Rating System, Tree City, and StormReady.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project hasn’t been started yet, due to funding and other issues. It is being considered as a mitigation action for this Plan Update.

Maintain good standing under the National Flood Insurance Program by implementing programs that meet or exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. Such programs include enforcing an adopted flood damage prevention ordinance, participating in floodplain mapping updates, and providing public assistance and information on floodplain requirements and impacts.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): As a member of the NFIP, this is always an ongoing project and will be part of this Plan Update.

Integrate the HMP into other plans, programs, or resources that dictate land use or redevelopment.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing and was undertaken in Packet Page No. 278
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part during this Plan Update. While not a mitigation action going forward, it is something the City will continue to do.

Adopt the 2016 California Building Code.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is complete.

Update the city zoning code, including considerations for hazard mitigation.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing and will be included in this Plan Update.

Include elements of the HMP to inform future updates to the Newark Climate Action Plan.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project has not been started, as the Climate Action Plan has not been updated. When it is updated, the LHMP will inform it.

Complete Railroad overcrossing at Central Avenue to prevent isolation during seismic event.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project has not been started and will not be carried forward in this Plan Update.

Replace Eucalyptus groves with non-hazardous tree species.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing and will be included in this Plan Update.

Conduct storm drainage improvements along Lindsay Tract Street Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is not started, but will be included in this Plan Update.

Retrofit police administration building to essential services/critical facility standards.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is complete.

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Retrofit Administration Building and Library to current seismic standards.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is complete.

Relocate current Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and update critical EOC equipment.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project has not been started due to lack of funding.

Develop a comprehensive post disaster recovery plan.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project was not started, and will not be carried forward in this Plan Update.

Develop a comprehensive Continuity of Operations (COOP) Plan for Administration and templates for individual department COOP development.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing, but will not be an action carried forward in this Plan Update.

Retrofit and update the Fire Station Training Facility (Station 27).

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project has not been started due to lack of funding, but will be carried forward in this Plan Update.

Develop a jurisdiction-wide tree inventory and long-term tree management plan including an outreach initiative encouraging Newark residents to conduct tree maintenance on private property.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing and will be included in this Plan Update.

Developed a phased approach to citywide tree inspection and pruning.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is completed.

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Develop a comprehensive public outreach campaign that informs residents of pipeline risks in the community and provides safety information on how to identify potential pipeline failure hazards.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing and will be included in this Plan Update.

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Union City Mitigation Actions
Where appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase, or relocation of structures in hazard-prone areas to prevent future structure damage. Give priority to properties with exposure to repetitive losses.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This is on-going voluntary CA Brace and Bolt Program - Building Division does not perform this action item.

Continue to support the Planning Area-wide actions identified in this plan.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This was completed during the life cycle of the 2017 LHMP.

Actively participate in the plan maintenance strategy identified in this plan.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This was completed during the life cycle of the 2017 LHMP.

Consider participation in incentive-based programs such as the Community Rating System, Tree City, and StormReady.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Did not have staff bandwidth to look into this program.

Maintain good standing under the National Flood Insurance Program by implementing programs that meet or exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. Such programs include enforcing an adopted flood damage prevention ordinance, participating in floodplain mapping updates, and providing public assistance and information on floodplain requirements and impacts.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Building Department requires FEMA Elevation Certificate from a Licensed Design Professional.

Integrate the hazard mitigation plan into other plans, programs, or resources that dictate land use or redevelopment
Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This was completed during the life cycle of the 2017 LHMP.

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Seek City Council approval and funding for a full-time Emergency Manager job classification.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Complete.

Update the citywide Continuity of Operations/Continuity of Government (COO/COG) Plan from the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP), and implement required COO/COG actions.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): On-going did not have the resources or funding to update.

Based on EOC staffing capabilities assessment, ensure that mandated training is provided to all employees in SEMS, FEMA ICS-100, ICS-200, IS-700, and IS-800; and ensure that employee training records are securely maintained.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This project is ongoing. New staff is trained as feasible.

Based on EOC staffing capabilities assessment, ensure that mandated training is provided to employees who require advanced knowledge and application of the ICS, such as primary and alternate EOC Section Chiefs and senior field personnel, to include at least ICS-300, ICS-400, and the FEMA Professional Development Series; and ensure that employee training records are securely maintained.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): On-Going we did not have these courses available to our staff during recent years.

Based on EOC staffing capabilities assessment, ensure that all Police Department staff who may be assigned the role of incident commander at an emergency/disaster scene have received Incident Commander training; and ensure that employee training records are securely maintained.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): On-going; Due to new managers, we need training on ICS 300 and 400. This is in progress now.

Monitor local availability of upcoming training opportunities for city staff regarding incident staffing, disaster response, and recovery.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This is ongoing.

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Conduct EOC tabletop exercise(s) to evaluate capabilities and train employees in their assigned EOC role(s).

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): These are ongoing.

Develop and exercise a Disaster Debris Management Plan.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This was not started as the City did not have staffing to work on this action item.

Enhance public education and awareness of natural and manmade hazards in the community and public understanding of disaster preparedness, including foreign language translations.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): on-going; we did not have funding for this item.

Ensure all property address signage meets current Building and Fire Code standards.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Develop improved capabilities to incorporate GIS technology by all departments into services provided to the public and for use during emergency/disaster incidents.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Conduct a test of emergency communications and information systems interoperability, to establish baseline capabilities for employee call-back, communications between the EOC and incident command, and communications with the Operational Area and Mutual Aid resources.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Implement Fire Department field inspection system using portable computers for engine company inspections and Fire Prevention inspections, to integrate inspections, reinspections, invoicing, permits, CUPA and business license data.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

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Review, revise, and update the Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) – ACFD contract requirement.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Complete.

Conduct a gap analysis of the Union City Emergency/Disaster preparedness and response program, to include a comprehensive review of employee training requirements and needs, plans and procedures, EOC equipment and staffing capabilities, and related analyses.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Open; we did not have staffing to work on this action item.

Conduct a seismic and functional assessment of the CERT trailer behind Fire Station #31, for use as the designated Alternate EOC site.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Train appropriate staff in FEMA’s Hazards-US GIS extension and Benefit/Cost Analysis Tool for use in potential grant applications and post-disaster property assessments.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Acquire handheld GPS trackers to develop an urban tree inventory for monitoring the health of trees and identifying potentially dangerous dead or dying trees.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Develop a long-term urban forest management plan to address adverse future impacts on the City’s natural resources.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Develop and maintain a landscape design manual to provide general guidance and education to the public on water efficiency in landscaping and to serve as a resource for water efficient landscape design and installation, including lists of recommended site appropriate native and drought-tolerant plant species.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

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Integrate climate change and natural hazards planning in to current city plan revisions and future planning initiatives.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Work with ACWD to design and install seismically resilient backbone pipeline through liquefiable soils in Union City
Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Acquire emergency generators for the City’s critical facilities, specifically Fire Station 31, the Senior Center, and Corporation Yard.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Conduct a comprehensive structural seismic analysis of the City’s facilities.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Establish a Broadband-WiFi10g network in the Station District.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Establish a Broadband-WiFi10g network backbone infrastructure along major thoroughfares throughout the City.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Conduct a Feasibly Study to review necessary improvements required to make Mark Green Sports Center a base camp for recovering families after crisis Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Conduct a Feasibility Study to identify temporary morgue facilities.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

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Conduct a Feasibility Study to review the highway overpass bridge of Alvarado Niles Road over I-880, for any seismic upgrades
Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Coordinate with the city of Hayward to conduct a Feasibility Study to review any seismic upgrades for the I-880 overpass over Whipple Road
Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Construct grade separations on the Niles Subdivision and the Oakland Subdivision in the Decoto neighborhood, and on the Coast Subdivision on Union City Boulevard, Smith Street, Dyer Street, and Alvarado Boulevard.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Acquire two Mobile Emergency Operations Centers
Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): On-going we have 1 currently and no timeline on a second
Acquire two 4-wheel drive emergency response vehicles capable of supporting emergency/disaster workers with enhanced safety when traveling into and out of disaster zones or dangerous locations.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): We currently have an Armored Response Vehicle.

Acquire four radio charging stations for spare radios.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): On-going we currently have two radio banks and no timeline for the additional 2 radio banks
Acquire two Mobile Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Base Units to communicate with deployed field radios.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

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Acquire 100 portable beds/cots for use to support sheltering/mass care operations during a disaster.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): On-Going not completed still in progress Acquire four satellite phone.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): On-going we have 2 no timeline on other 2.

Acquire two rescue boats
Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Establish redundant, offsite copies of crucial information and all City data to be able to maintain basic network functions.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Establish a fully redundant data center with no outage if the main building fails.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Acquire offsite battery backups to carry energy load until generators start.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Develop unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capability for hazard mitigation surveys and postdisaster damage assessments; and develop policies, procedures and staff training guidelines for UAV use.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Develop multi-cultural training presentations and handouts in multiple languages, to expand participation in the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

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Establish a central paging system for all City locations to be expanded for SMS/cell phone alerts during major disasters.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Establish a high speed link from all City facilities back to City Hall Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Establish a second location in the City to provide internet/email/external connections, as a backup to the existing City Hall systems that perform this function.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Establish a portable unit or fixed location for use as a community preparedness training site, volunteer coordination point, and disaster first responder work station center with access to the City’s computer network, to supplement the Emergency Operations Center.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

Expansion of central lock system to all off sites and all doors.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): Ongoing.

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Alameda County Water District Actions
Develop and maintain an asset management program that tracks natural hazard events that impact the District and captures damages to District assets, service disruption and other perishable data (e.g., high water marks, preliminary damage estimates, damage photos) to support future mitigation efforts including the implementation and maintenance of the HMP). If feasible, review historic incident reports and jobs for information related to past hazard events.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Reevaluate standby generator needs and purchase and install as needed, such as at the desalinization plant and aquifer reclamation production wells.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Design and install a seismically resilient backbone pipeline through liquefiable soils, primarily in Union City.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Install emergency isolation valves into the distribution system with remote operation capability, as appropriate.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Retrofit and/or update District tanks and reservoirs to improve seismic resilience, including reservoir roof at the following: Alameda, Decoto, Middlefield, and Patterson.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

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March 2024
Consider the purchase and installation of fuel cells as alternative emergency power backup systems at Newark Desalination Facility and the Blending Facility.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Conduct channel betterments on the Vallecitos Channel or install a pipeline adjacent to the channel to increase reliability of flows to facilitate groundwater recharge.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Repair diversion capability through the Kaiser embankment to ensure post disaster groundwater recharge capabilities and to protect the natural and beneficial functions of the Kaiser Ponds.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

As needed, review, update and enhance intertie agreements with the City of Hayward and the City of Milpitas.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Consider identifying a sister jurisdiction and develop a protocol for exchanging post event Shakecast information.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Study water supply reliability alternatives including recycled water, and Lake Del Valle and Los Vaqueros reservoir storage expansion projects to improve water supply capabilities from catastrophic losses of supply.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

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Continue to participate in local emergency response trainings and exercises.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Ensure appropriate staff is trained to support District functions when the Emergency Operations Center is activated.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Continue to integrate the capital improvement program with the HMP.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Continue to prioritize and implement distribution system replacements and improvements to identified critical consumers and/or vulnerable areas.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Where appropriate, support retrofitting, purchase or relocation of structures located in high hazard areas and prioritize those structures that have experienced repetitive losses.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Actively participate in the plan maintenance protocols outlined in Volume I of the HMP Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Continue implementing a comprehensive demand management program.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

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Continue existing vegetation management program to minimize risk of wildfire and landslides.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Consider a post-disaster recovery plan and coordinate with Tri Cities on their debris management plans.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Review the City of Fremont’s HMP and coordinate with Fremont’s Emergency Planner to further develop HMP.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This LHMP Update was the goal of this action.

This action is complete.

Installing a second Deep Aquifer water well at the Mowry Wellfield which is not known to be impacted by PFAS and will prove to be beneficial for long term water supply reliability. As a portion of the groundwater supply is utilized by ACWD as dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve, it’s use is being limited by the detection of PFAS. A second well, will make a portion of the dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve available again, thereby alleviating impacts.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Construct a system to treat 6 MGD of well water at the blending facility for PFAS and increase the amount of water the facility can provide to our customers while maintaining PFAS levels below the Notification Levels. As a portion of the groundwater supply is utilized by ACWD as dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve, it’s use is being limited by the detection of PFAS. Treatment will make the dry year and multi-year critical drought reserve available again, thereby alleviating impacts.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

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Complete a redesign of blending facility to allow low production and neat chemical feed.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Evaluation and preliminary design of an intertie with San Francisco Inter-Bay Pipeline 1, 2 and/or 5.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

Complete desalinization facility reliability enhancements as indicated in the Integrated Resources Plan.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): The Alameda County Water District put this action in place in early 2023. This is still an ongoing project.

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Union Sanitary District Mitigation Actions
Build a new facilities maintenance shop – facility will meet seismic standards and built on a raised foundation to accommodate hazards of sea level rise and flooding Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress as it is a planned construction phase of our Enhanced Treatment and Site Upgrade (ETSU) Phase 1A project. The projects will renew and replace aging infrastructure, improve water quality in the San Francisco Bay through enhanced wastewater treatment processes and nutrient removal, and increase the facility’s resiliency to extreme wet-weather events and climate change.

Equalization Storage Basin at Alvarado. Basin will temporarily hold waste water if discharge through the East Bay Dischargers Authority (EBDA) system is interrupted. This prevents discharge of treated waste into Alameda Creek.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress as it is a planned construction phase of our Enhanced Treatment and Site Upgrade (ETSU) Phase 1C project.. The project will retrofit existing secondary clarifiers to operate as primary effluent equalization basins. The construction phase of this project is estimated to begin in November 2027.

Build Digester No. 7. With decreased liquid flow and increased solids management, increased digester operations are required to properly treat solid waste which will also generate additional bio-gas for co-generation of electricity.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress as the construction of the Digester 7 is complete however the project closeout remains ongoing. The purpose of the project was to provide increased capacity with new infrastructure to reduce risk of damage of current aging infrastructure.

Rebuild East Aeration Tank Roof – The tank concrete roof has been identified as seismically unstable and has a weakened load capacity. Loss of this structure reduces our treatment capacity by 20%.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress as it is a planned construction phase of our Enhanced Treatment and Site Upgrade (ETSU) Phase 1A project. The project will retrofit existing aeration basins and construction of a new aeration basin that will provide flexibility to operate initially with an anaerobic selector during the implementation phase and transitioning to a biological nutrient removal process following completion of the ETSU Phase 1B project.

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Seismic upgrade of Primary Clarifier 1-4 - The roof structure over the clarifiers has been identified as seismically unstable. Loss of this structure would reduce our treatment capacity by approximately 85 percent.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress in the Capital Improvement Program (CIP). The design phase is estimated to begin in 2025.

Upgrade Standby Power Generation System - Replace the current 6 standby diesel generators for the treatment plant with newer more reliable generators that produce fewer emissions.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress as it is in the construction phase and documented in the Capital Improvement Program (CIP). Standby Power is critical in event we experience catastrophic failure and loss of power. It is essential that we have continuous power so that the treatment and discharge of wastewater is not interrupted.

Emergency back-up data communications – provide redundant data communications for monitoring and operation of USD wastewater pumping and treatment equipment at the treatment plant and pump stations.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress, but is nearing completion. It will not be carried over to the new plan.

Integrate the HMP into other plans and programs (e.g. CIP, District-Wide Master Plan) Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains ongoing as the District integrates the HMP (Hazard Mitigation Plan) into various initiatives and projects, including the CIP (Capital Improvement Program) and the District-Wide Master Plan, and will continue this practice.

Develop and implement a program and process to capture historical and perishable data after any event to support future mitigation efforts.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains ongoing as the District has systematic process for capturing historical and time-sensitive data following any event/occurrences. This data is referenced frequently in effort to apply information to current and future mitigations strategies or actions.

Participate in the HMP maintenance and updating outlined in Volume I of this HMP.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains ongoing as the Packet Page No. 296
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Vol 1- 2017 approved and published plan was utilized in 2017 and 2021 during declared emergencies with notice of intent (NOI) projects submitted to FEMA. Additionally, the District included this action in the next plan.

Improve Public Information and Public Outreach to include Hazard Mitigation Programs.

Includes newsletter and educational video.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains ongoing as the District has a comprehensive public outreach strategy that utilizes social media platforms, video, website, newsletters, event attendance, and council meetings to provide awareness information to not only protect the collection system (Fats, oil, greases and wipes) but also to share the purpose and benefits of our Enhanced Treatment and Site Upgrade construction projects and its overarching effort to respond to climate change and other hazards.

Seismic Retrofit of Concrete Structures - This is an ongoing project of improving concrete structures as we have other repairs or improvements of the structure. Planned actions and estimates are from our documented seismic assessments.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains ongoing as the District has systematic process for assessing structural integrity, through various studies and evaluations.

The identified items of improvements are considered and included in the Capital Improvement and Master Plan as appropriate. This remains and ongoing practice.

Newark Pump Station Emergency Outfall – Establish an outfall from the Newark pump station to the SF bay. This will allow discharge of wastewater if the forcemain to the treatment plant is damaged or the treatment plant is damaged and prevent wastewater backup into communities and wetland areas causing a public health concern.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action was never started, other projects took precedent. To be discussed if the project will be carried over in next LHMP Forcemain Alameda creek crossing ground stabilization – The soil around the forcemain near Alameda creek has been identified as very unstable. This will stabilize the soil and forcemain pipeline to prevent sewage leakage into Alameda creek and the wetland areas Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress in the Capital Improvement Program (CIP). The design phase is estimated to begin in 2023.

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Forcemain lining – Forcemain is constructed of segmented concrete pipe. This project will line the pipeline to prevent leakage at joints if the pipeline moves or settles. Much of this pipeline is within protected wetland areas.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress in the Capital Improvement Program (CIP). The design phase is estimated to begin in 2023.

Admin Seismic Upgrade – This building was identified to be critical to life safety and restoring basic service. The building has seismic deficiencies and is vulnerable to damage from a seismic event.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress as it is a planned construction phase of our Enhance Treatment and Site Upgrade (ETSU). The projects will renew and replace aging infrastructure, improve water quality in the San Francisco Bay through enhanced wastewater treatment processes and nutrient removal, and increase the facility’s resiliency to extreme wetweather events and climate change.

Control Building Seismic Upgrade - This building was identified to be critical to life safety and restoring basic service. The building has seismic deficiencies and is vulnerable to damage from a seismic event.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress as it is a planned construction phase of our Enhance Treatment and Site Upgrade (ETSU). The projects will renew and replace aging infrastructure, improve water quality in the San Francisco Bay through enhanced wastewater treatment processes and nutrient removal, and increase the facility’s resiliency to extreme wetweather events and climate change.

Field Ops Building Seismic Upgrade – This building was identified to be critical to life safety and restoring basic service. The building has seismic deficiencies and is vulnerable to damage from a seismic event.

Progress to Date (Consider: Was the project implemented – why or why not? Did the project reduce risks? Can you provide evidence of loss avoidance?): This mitigation action remains in progress as it is a planned construction phase of our Enhance Treatment and Site Upgrade (ETSU). The projects will renew and replace aging infrastructure, improve water quality in the San Francisco Bay through enhanced wastewater treatment processes and nutrient removal, and increase the facility’s resiliency to extreme wetweather events and climate change.

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Chapter 3 Planning Process
44 CFR §201.6(b) and §201.6(c)(1): An open public involvement process is essential to the development of an effective plan. In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of natural disasters, the planning process shall include:
1) An opportunity for the public to comment on the plan during the drafting stage and prior to plan approval;
2) An opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, and agencies that have the authority to regulate development, as well as businesses, academia, and other private and nonprofit interests to be involved in the planning process; and
3) Review and incorporation, if appropriate, of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information.
[The plan shall document] the planning process used to develop the plan, including how it was prepared, who was involved in the process, and how the public was involved.

The City of Fremont, as the project lead, and the other four participating jurisdictions to this 2024 Tri-City LHMP Update, recognized the need for and importance of the update process for their 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs and initiated its development. After receiving a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which served as the primary funding source for this LHMP Update, the City of Fremont contracted with Foster Morrison Consulting, Ltd. (Foster Morrison) to facilitate and develop the Plan.

Jeanine Foster, a professional planner with Foster Morrison, was the project manager and Community Rating System (CRS) lead in charge of overseeing the planning process and the development of this LHMP Update. Chris Morrison, also a professional planner with Foster Morrison, was the lead planner for the development of this LHMP Update. The Foster Morrison’s team’s role was to:
➢ Assist in establishing the Planning Committee as defined by the Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA); ➢ Meet the DMA requirements as established by federal regulations and following FEMA’s planning guidance;
➢ Support objectives under the National Flood Insurance Program’s (NFIP) CRS and the Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program;
➢ Facilitate the entire planning process;
➢ Identify the data requirements that Planning Committee participants could provide and conduct the research and documentation necessary to augment that data; ➢ Assist in facilitating the public input process;
➢ Produce the draft and final plan documents; and
➢ Coordinate with the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) and FEMA Region IX plan reviews.

3.1 Local Government Participation
The City of Fremont, as the sole participating NFIP CRS community, and the other four participating jurisdictions, cities of Newark and Union City, Alameda County Water District (ACWD), and the Union Sanitary District (USD), made a commitment to this 2024 Tri-City Multi-Jurisdictional LHMP Update.

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The DMA planning regulations and guidance stress that each local government (participating jurisdiction) seeking FEMA approval of their mitigation plan must participate in the planning effort in the following ways:
➢ Participate in the process as part of the Planning Committee; ➢ Detail where within the Tri-City Planning Area the risk differs from that facing the entire area; ➢ Identify potential mitigation actions; and
➢ Formally adopt the Plan.

For all participating jurisdictions, “participation” meant the following:
➢ Attending and participating in the Planning Committee meetings; ➢ Completing and returning the Data Collection Worksheets; ➢ Collecting and providing other requested data (as available); ➢ Coordinating information sharing between internal and external agencies; ➢ Managing administrative details;
➢ Making decisions on LHMP process and content;
➢ Identifying mitigation actions for the Plan;
➢ Reviewing and providing comments on Plan drafts;
➢ Providing Draft documents of the LHMP for public review; ➢ Informing the public, local officials, and other interested stakeholders about the planning process and providing opportunity for them to comment on the draft Plan; and ➢ Coordinating the formal adoption of the Plan by the governing boards for each jurisdiction.

The participating jurisdictions seeking FEMA approval of this LHMP Update met all of these participation requirements. Multiple representatives from participating jurisdictions attended the Planning Committee meetings described in Table 3-5 and also brought together an internal planning team to help collect data, identify mitigation actions and implementation strategies, and review and provide data on Plan drafts.

Appendix A provides additional information and documentation of the planning process.

In order to promote the integration of CRS into this planning process, the Planning Committee representatives from the City of Fremont, as the CRS community, and the cities of Newark and Union City, as eligible CRS communities, were selected based on their areas of expertise relative to the CRS mitigation categories as detailed in Table 3-1. In addition, the staff responsible for community land use and comprehensive planning for all three cities were active participants on the Planning Committee and provided data and information to support development of the Plan. Specifically, the planners for the three cities, in association with Foster Morrison planners, were involved in the development of this LHMP Update through attendance at meetings, providing data, future land use planning support, and help with other LHMP planning elements. In addition to attending meetings, providing draft text for inclusion in the Plan, and reviewing Plan documents, City planners also provided information on development since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs, mapping, text, and details on future development areas, input on current mitigation capabilities, and a variety of documents and information specific to their jurisdictions.

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Table 3-1 Tri-City Planning Area LHMP Staff Capability with Six Mitigation Categories Jurisdiction/Departments
PreventionProperty ProtectionNatural Resource ProtectionEmergency ServicesStructural Flood Control ProjectsPublic InformationOther City of Fremont
Alec Tune, Emergency Services Manager, City of
Fremont, Fire Department/OES

X X X X X
Homira Shafaq, Floodplain Manager, City of
Fremont, Public Works Department

X X X X X X
Joel Pullen, Planning Manager, City of Fremont,
Community Development Department

X X X X
City of Newark
Richard Martinez, Emergency Coordinator, City of
Newark, City Manager’s Office

X X X X X
Matthew Farrell, Chief Building Official / Floodplain
Manager, Public Works Department

X X X X X X
City of Union City
Richard Martinez, Emergency Coordinator, City of
Union City, City Manager’s Office

X X X X X
Farooq Azim, City Engineer, Public Works
Department

X X X X X X
Coleman Frick, Sr. Planner, Economic and
Community Development Department

X X X X
Individuals representing various departments and other representatives from the participating jurisdictions to this Tri-City LHMP Update were actively involved throughout the Plan Update process as identified in Appendix A in the sign-in sheets for the meetings and as evident through the data, information and input provided by Planning Committee representatives to the development of this LHMP Update. This Chapter 3 and Appendix A provides additional information and documentation of the planning process and participants to this LHMP Update, including members of the Planning Committee.

3.2 The 10-Step Planning Process
Foster Morrison established the planning process for updating the Tri-City LHMP using the DMA planning requirements and FEMA’s associated guidance. Specifically, the LHMP was developed pursuant to the requirements of DMA 2000, published at 44 CFR 201.6 and new LHMP guidance effective April 2023.

This guidance is structured around a four-phase process:

1. Organize Resources;

2. Assess Risks;
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3. Develop the Mitigation Plan; and

4. Implement the Plan and Monitor Progress.

Into this process, Foster Morrison integrated a more detailed 10-step planning process used for FEMA’s CRS and FMA programs. Thus, the modified 10-step process used for this Plan meets the requirements of six major programs: FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP); Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program; CRS program; FMA Program; Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) program; and new flood control projects authorized by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).

Table 3-2 shows how the modified 10-step process fits into FEMA’s four-phase process. The sections that follow describe each planning step in more detail.

Table 3-2 Mitigation Planning Processes Used to Develop the 2024 Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update
DMA Process Modified CRS Process
1) Organize Resources
201.6(c)(1) 1) Organize the Planning Effort
201.6(b)(1) 2) Involve the Public
201.6(b)(2) and (3) 3) Coordinate with Other Departments and Agencies 2) Assess Risks
201.6(c)(2)(i) 4) Identify the Hazards
201.6(c)(2)(ii) 5) Assess the Risks
3) Develop the Mitigation Plan
201.6(c)(3)(i) 6) Set Goals
201.6(c)(3)(ii) 7) Review Possible Activities
201.6(c)(3)(iii) 8) Draft an Action Plan
4) Implement the Plan and Monitor Progress
201.6(c)(5) 9) Adopt the Plan
201.6(c)(4) 10) Implement, Evaluate, and Revise the Plan The LHMP Update involved a comprehensive review and update of each section of the 2016/2017/20222 LHMPs and includes an assessment of the success of the participating jurisdictions in evaluating, monitoring and implementing the mitigation strategies outlined in these previous plans, as described in more detail in Chapter 2 and throughout Chapter 4 and Chapter 5.

The process followed to update the LHMP is detailed in the above table and the sections that follow and is in conformance with the latest DMA planning guidance, LHMP Policy Guide FP 206-21-0002 effective April 19, 2023, and the CRS 2017 Coordinator’s Manual, with 2021 Addendum. As part of this LHMP Update, all sections of the Plan were reviewed and updated to reflect new data, processes, and resulting mitigation strategies. Only the information and data still valid from the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs were carried forward as applicable into this 2024 LHMP Update.

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3.2.1. Phase 1: Organize Resources
Planning Step 1: Organize the Planning Effort
With each participating jurisdiction’s commitment to participate in the DMA planning process and the CRS program as applicable, Foster Morrison worked with the City of Fremont Fire Department, Office of Emergency Services (Fremont OES), as overall project lead, and the project leads from the other four participating jurisdictions to establish the framework and organization for development of the Plan. An initial meeting was held with key jurisdictional representatives to discuss the organizational and process aspects of this 2024 LHMP Update.

The initial kick-off meeting was held on May 23, 2023. Invitations to the kickoff meeting were extended to key City departments, the county, and special districts located within the Planning Area, as well as to other federal, state, and local stakeholders, including representatives from the public, which might have an interest in participating in the planning process. Representatives from the Planning Committee members to the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs and other identified stakeholders were used as a starting point for the invite list, with additional invitations extended as appropriate throughout the planning process. The list of invitees is included in Appendix A.

Planning Committee
The Planning Committee was established as a result of these initial meetings, as well as through interest generated through the initial public meeting and outreach conducted for this project as detailed later in this chapter. The Planning Committee, comprised of key city, special district, county, and other government and stakeholder representatives and the public, developed the Plan with leadership from the Fremont OES and project leads from other participating jurisdictions, and facilitation by Foster Morrison. This list includes all Planning Committee members that attended one or more Planning Committee meetings, as well as those who provided key input into the Plan development process. The following participated on the Planning Committee:

Table 3-3 Tri-City Planning Committee
Last Name First Name Jurisdiction Agency/Division Position Title City of Fremont
Fierro Rocio City of Fremont City Attorney's Office Senior Deputy City Attorney II
Schwarz Steven City of Fremont City Attorney's Office
- Risk Management
Risk Manager
Beranek Kim City of Fremont Community Services Deputy Director Morris Wayne City of Fremont Community
Development
Deputy Director
Pullen Joel City of Fremont Community
Development
Planning Manager
West Gary City of Fremont Community
Development
Building Official
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Last Name First Name Jurisdiction Agency/Division Position Title Kapur Kranit City of Fremont Community
Development
Sustainability
Coordinator
Lazaro Donovan City of Fremont Economic
Development
Economic
Development
Director
Ware Vanessa City of Fremont City Manager's Office Economic Development
Coordinator
Persselin David City of Fremont Finance Director
Diaz Zoraida City of Fremont Fire Fire Chief
Mozdean Heather City of Fremont Fire Deputy Fire Chief
Miller Greg City of Fremont Fire - Prevention Deputy Fire Marshall Tune Alec City of Fremont Fire - Office of
Emergency Services
Emergency Services
Manager
Leon John City of Fremont Information
Technology Services
GIS Manager
Chan Ron City of Fremont Information
Technology Services
GIS Specialist
Hayes Tim City of Fremont Information
Technology Services
Systems
Analyst/Programmer
(GIS)
Wun Ruby City of Fremont Information
Technology Services
Data Coordinator
Chew Ed City of Fremont Information
Technology Services
Mapping Specialist
Veloso Noe City of Fremont Public Works Assistant City
Engineer
Kishani Dilip City of Fremont Public Works Principal Engineer (CRS)
Shafaq Homira City of Fremont Public Works Floodplain Manager Washington Sean City of Fremont Police Police Chief
Brede Lance City of Fremont Police Deputy Chief
McCormick Paul City of Fremont Police Lieutenant
Gee Amy City of Fremont Police Public Affairs
Manager
Grimsich Karen City of Fremont Human Services Aging & Family Services
Administrator
Aguilar Mirabel City of Fremont Public Works Senior Civil Engineer Rivera Megan City of Fremont Fire Department Administrative Assist.

Venkan Ram Deepa City of Fremont Fire Executive Assistant Schoenholz Dan City of Fremont Community
Development
Director
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Last Name First Name Jurisdiction Agency/Division Position Title Chew Ed City of Fremont GIS Mapping Specialist
Campbell Corina City of Fremont Fremont Fire Business Manager Do Donna City of Fremont – –
City of Newark
Martinez Richard City of Newark City Manager's Office Emergency Coordinator
Hovorka Lenka City of Newark City Manager's Office Assistant City Manager
Farrell Matthew City of Newark Public Works Chief Building Official
Connolly Tonya City of Newark Public Works Maintenance
Superintendentsheeh
Macias Jolie City of Newark Police Captain
Turner Steven City of Newark Community
Development
Director
Fong Peter City of Newark IT IT Analyst
Lee Krysten City of Newark Finance Director
Del Rosario Gloria City of Newark Finance Accounting Manager Fredstrom Karl City of Newark Police Police Sergeant
Libby David City of Newark
(affiliated volunteer)
Fire Volunteer
Coordinator
Fajeau Soren City of Newark Public Works Director
Diana Cangco City of Newark Public Works Principal Civil Engineer
Havorka Lenka City of Newark – Assist. City Manager
Fajeau Soren City of Newark Public Works Director
City of Union City
Martinez Richard* City of Union City City Manager's Office Emergency Coordinator
Campbell Carmela City of Union City Economic
Development
Director
Block Andy City of Union City Economic &
Community
Development
Environmental
Manager
Mai Uyen City of Union City Economic &
Community
Development
Sustainability
Analystjose
Azim Farooq City of Union City Public Works City Engineer Tommy (Wai Chee) Cho City of Union City Public Works Principal Civil Engineer
Tran Trieu City of Union City Public Works Engineer II
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Last Name First Name Jurisdiction Agency/Division Position Title Frick Coleman City of Union City Economic &
Community
Development
Senior Planner
Venook Chuck City of Union City Economic &
Community
Development
Chief Building
Official
Vallejo Mario City of Union City IT Director
Valvokus Chris City of Union City Supervisor
Gutierrez Jose City of Union City Public Works Supervising Construction
Inspector
Alameda County Water District
Reed Jacob Alameda County
Water District
O&M - Emergency
and Security Services
Supervisor
Abellar Caroline Alameda County
Water District
Park Daniel Alameda County
Water District
Information
Technology Services
IT/GIS Analyst
Ippangunta Rekha Alameda County
Water District
ETS - Project
Engineering
Division Manager
Lai Linda Alameda County
Water District
Engineer Tech
Union Sanitary District
Terrazas Karoline Union Sanitary
District (USD)
Business Services Organizatonal
Performance
Manager**
Chau Raymond USD Technical Services Manager
Rodriguez Jose USD Collection Services Manager
Other Agencies, Stakeholders, and the Public
Cabrera DJ Alameda County
Sheriff's Office
Office of Emergency
Services
Senior Emergency
Services Coordinator
Casimere Lincoln Alameda County Fire
Department
Emergency Services Emergency
Preparedness
Manager
Rodgers Jason New Haven Unified
School District
Maintenance,
Operations,
Transportation &
Facilities
Director
Peralta Ben Ohlone Community
College District
Campus Police
Services
Police Officer
Sheehan Brian Alameda County Fire
Department
Battalion Chief
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Last Name First Name Jurisdiction Agency/Division Position Title Wade Clint California
Department of
Education
California Schools for
the Deaf & Blind
Chief of Facilities
Charles-Ellington Toshia California
Department of
Education
California Schools for
the Deaf & Blind
Business Manager
O'Connell Daniel Washington Hospital
Healthcare System
– Safety & Security
Director
Williams Dwight Washington Hospital
Healthcare System
– Safety & Security
Supervisordiana
Wong Kane American Red Cross – Coordinator
Garcia Brian National Weather
Service
National Weather
Service SF Bay
Area/Monterey
Warning
Coordination
Meteorologist
Wein Anne U. S. Geological
Survey
– –
Manalo Ramses ACFCWCD – Assistant Engineer
Airth Jeff Fremont Resident – Citizen
Ames Liz Union City Resident – BART Director
Harris Caroline Newark Resident – –
Sokale Jana Newark Resident – –
Stark David Bay East Association
of Realtors
Public Affairs –
Guio Lee Resident – CERT Coordinator
Union City
Jaclyn Mardoske San Francisco Bay
Conservation &
Development
Commission
Adapting to Rising
Tides Program
Senior Climate
Adaptation Planner
Jeanne Jones Fremont Resident – –
Bolaffi-Angst Mimi BART – Director of Security
Miller Wayne Resident
Lee John – Regional Center of
East Bay
Emergency
Coordinator
Zatarain Garry Resident Newark Cert Cert Team Lead
Ledesma Juan – Valley Water Program Supervisor
Medina Yamel – Fremont Cert Volunteer
Rawat Rishika Greenbelt Alliance – Resilience Fellow
Yen Sylvia Friends of Children
with Special Needs
– –
Dufour Francesca Alameda County Fire
Department
Fire ACFD Aide
Earthy John – Red Cross Preparedness Lead
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Last Name First Name Jurisdiction Agency/Division Position Title Consultant Team
Foster Jeanine Foster Morrison – Consultant
Morrison Chris Foster Morrison – Consultant
Guitierez Alejandro Foster Morrison – Consultant
Howell Brenna Foster Morrison – Consultant
Steering Committee
In addition to the Planning Committee, a Steering Committee to the Planning Committee was established to help guide LHMP development, including the CRS components of floodplain management planning and the overall development of the LHMP. The Steering Committee is comprised of key representatives from the City of Fremont, as the CRS community, and Cities of Newark and Union City, as CRS eligible communities, and includes non-local government and public representatives. The non-local government members of the Steering Committee (public citizens and other stakeholders) provide significant representation on the Steering Committee. See Table 3-4 and Appendix A for details on the makeup of the Steering Committee.

Table 3-4 Tri-City LHMP Steering Committee to the Planning Committee Representative Organization / Department City Public/
Resident
Stakeholder # Meetings*
Alec Tune, Emergency
Services Manager
City of Fremont, Fire
Department/OES
X 6
Homira Shafaq,
Floodplain Manager, City
of Fremont
City of Fremont, Public Works
Department
X 4
Richard Martinez,
Emergency Coordinator
City of Newark, City Manager’s
Office
City of Union City, City Manager’s
Office
X 6
Matthew Farrell, Chief
Building Official /
Floodplain Manager
City of Newark, Public Works
Department
X 4
Coleman Frick, Sr.

Planner
City of Union City, Economic and
Community Development
Department
X 3
Jeanne Jones Resident X 4
Liz Aimes Resident, TCEC, Bart X 3
Jana Sokale Resident/CCCR/BCDC X X 2
Daniel O’Conner Washington Hospital, Security X 2
Dwight Williams Washington Hospital, Security X 2
Toshia Ellington California School of Deaf X 2
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Representative Organization / Department City Public/
Resident
Stakeholder # Meetings*
Jeff Airth Resident, Fremont X 2
Kane Wong Red Cross X 2
Wayne Miller Resident, Newark/CCCR X X 2
David Stark Resident/ Bay East Association of
Realtors
X X 2
Ramses Manalo ACPWA/ACFC&WCD X 2
Mimi Baloffit-Amyst Bart Police Department, Security X 1 Clint Wade C.D.E. X 1
Garry Zatarain Resident/Newark CERT X 1
Jason Rodgers New Haven USD X 1
Brian Sheehan Alameda County Fire Department X 1
John Lee RCEB, Emergency Coordinator X 1
John Ledesma Valley Water X 1
Ben Peralta Ohone College PD X 1
Caroline Harris Resident X 1
Hiyamal Medina Resident, CERT Volunteer,
Fremont
X 1
John Earthy Red Cross X 1
Steve Skala Resident X 1
Carter Lake Resident/ Lake Research X 1
Meetings
The planning process officially began with a kick-off meeting held on May 23, 2023, followed by a public kick-off meeting held the same day at 6:00 pm. The meetings covered the scope of work and an introduction to the DMA, CRS, and FMA requirements. During the Planning Committee meetings, participants were provided with data collection worksheets to facilitate the collection of information necessary to support development of the Plan. Using FEMA guidance, these worksheets were designed to capture information on past hazard events, identify hazards of concern to each of the participating jurisdictions, identify values at risk to identified hazards, inventory existing capabilities, record possible mitigation actions, and to capture information on the status of mitigation action items from the 2016/2017/2022 Plans. A copy of the worksheets for this project are included in Appendix A. Each participating jurisdiction seeking FEMA approval of this LHMP Update completed and returned the worksheets to Foster Morrison for incorporation into this 2024 LHMP Update
During the planning process, the Planning Committee communicated through virtual Team and Zoom meetings, email, telephone conversations, Dropbox websites, and through a City developed webpage dedicated to the Plan development process. This later website was developed to provide information to the Planning Committee, the public and all other stakeholders on the LHMP process. Draft documents were Packet Page No. 309
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also posted on these websites so that the Planning Committee members, stakeholders, and the public could easily access and review them.

The Tri-City LHMP website (MyFremont as shown on Figure 3-1) can be accessed online at:
https://www.my.fremont.gov/tri-city-hazard-plan.

Figure 3-1 Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Website Source: City of Fremont
The Planning Committee met formally five times during the planning period (May 2023 – February 2024) which adequately covers the four phases of DMA and the 10-Step CRS planning process. An additional Steering Committee Meeting was also held during the Plan development process. Internal jurisdictional meetings were held throughout the planning process to further support Plan development. The formal meetings and topics discussed are described in Table 3-5. Agendas and sign-in sheets for each of the meetings are included in Appendix A.

Table 3-5 Planning / Steering Committee Meetings
Meeting
Type
Meeting Topic Meeting
Date(s)
Meeting Location(s)
Planning
Committee
#1 Kick-off
Meeting
1) Introduction to DMA and the planning process
2) Overview of current LHMP;
3) Organize Resources (CRS Steps 1,2&3): the role of the Planning Committee, planning for public involvement,
coordinating with other agencies/stakeholders
4) Introduction to Hazard Identification
May 23,
2023
Downtown Event Center
Capital Room
Fremont, CA
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Meeting
Type
Meeting Topic Meeting
Date(s)
Meeting Location(s)
Planning
Committee
#2
1) Risk assessment overview and work session
-CRS Step 4: Assess the Hazard
-CRS Step 5: Assess the Problem
August 17,
2023
Newark Library
Newark, CA
Planning
Committee
#3
1) Review of risk assessment summary
2) Review and update of mitigation goals
3) Intro to Mitigation Action Strategy
-CRS Step 6: Set Goals
-CRS Step 7: Review possible activities
September
19, 2023
Alameda County Water
District, Board Room,
Fremont, CA
Planning
Committee
#4
1) Review of mitigation alternatives
2) Review and update of mitigation actions from the
2016/2017/2022 LHMPs
3) Identify updated list of mitigation actions by hazard 4) Review of mitigation selection criteria
5) Update and prioritize mitigation actions
6) Mitigation Action Strategy Implementation and Draft
Action Development
-CRS Step 7: Review possible activities
-CRS Step 8: Draft an Action Plan
September
20, 2023
Alameda County Water
District, Board Room,
Fremont, CA
CRS Steering
Committee
1) Overview of the NFIP and CRS Programs
2) Open Discussion and Input on the Flood Hazard (CRS
Steps 4 & 5)
3) Open Discussion and Input on possible Flood Mitigation Actions and Projects (CRS Steps 7 & 8)
October
24, 2023
Fremont Fire Department
Administration – Large Fire
Classroom
Fremont, CA
Planning
Committee
#5
1) Review of final Planning Committee, jurisdictional and public comments and input to Plan
2) Review and documentation of changed conditions,
vulnerabilities, and mitigation priorities
3) CRS Step 8: Draft an Action Plan
4) CRS Step 9 & 10: Plan Maintenance and Implementation Procedures
January
25, 2023
Downtown Event Center
Capital Room
Fremont, CA
Planning Step 2: Involve the Public
Public stakeholders are generally defined as any stakeholders not attached to local government in the TriCity Planning Area. Up-front coordination discussions with the project leads from the five participating jurisdictions established the initial plan for public involvement. Public involvement activities for this LHMP Update included press releases, social media communications, stakeholder and public meetings, development of an LHMP webpage and associated website postings, the collection of public and stakeholder comments on the draft Plan through a variety of mechanisms, and other public outreach activities as further described below, as well as specific targeted outreach to different groups of people and other agencies throughout the Plan development process. The purpose of this outreach was to inform the public and other stakeholders of the Tri-City LHMP Update project and how they could get involved and how to provide comments on the draft LHMP prior to submittal to Cal OES/FEMA. The outreach also invited the public and stakeholders to the Planning Committee meetings for the project. Information on these outreach efforts can be seen in Appendix A to this LHMP.

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Early Public Meeting(s) #1: LHMP Kickoff
Public outreach for this LHMP Update began at the beginning of the Plan development process with an advertisement placed in the local newspaper, social media, and other local outreach methods (like the press release shown in Figure 3-2) announcing the two (2) informational public kickoff meetings and to inform the public of the purpose of DMA, CRS, and the hazard mitigation planning process for the Tri-City Planning Area. This included posting meeting details on the City of Fremont primary website, on the MyFremont LHMP, and on websites for the other participating jurisdictions. Members of the public were also invited to join the Planning Committee meetings.

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Figure 3-2 Public Invitation Press Release
Source: Tri-City
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Public Meeting #2: Risk Assessment
A second public meeting was held to provide an overview of the hazard risk assessment portion of the LHMP. This meeting was held in the City of Union City the evening of the Planning Committee risk assessment meeting. This meeting was advertised through the MyFremont website and through other public outreach efforts as previously described. This included posting the meeting on the City of Fremont primary website, posting meeting details on the MyFremont LHMP website and websites for the other participating jurisdictions, and through other social media outreach mechanisms.

Final Public Meeting #3: On the Draft LHMP
The first draft of the LHMP was provided to the Planning Committee in November 2023, with a public review draft provided in January 2023. A public meeting was held on January 24, 2023, to present the draft LHMP and to collect public comments on the public review draft prior to finalization and submittal to Cal OES/FEMA. The public meeting was advertised in a variety of ways to maximize outreach efforts to both targeted groups and to the public at large and included an advertisement in local newspapers inviting the public to attend either the formal public meeting or the Planning Committee meeting at their convenience.

The advertisement in the local newspapers included information on the date, location and time of the meeting, where the draft Plan could be accessed in the community, and how to provide comments on the draft LHMP Update. In addition to a copy of the public review draft being placed on the MyFremont website in advance of these meetings, hard copies of the draft Plan were made available at various public locations in the Tri-City area. These locations included the Fremont Main Library, the Newark Library, and the Union City, City Hall. Documentation to support the final public meeting, including meeting outreach, can be found in Appendix A.

In addition to the advertisement for public participation, notices of meetings were sent directly to all persons on the Planning Committee contact list and also to other agency and key stakeholders (including the public) with an interest in the Tri-City Planning Area. The majority of these people reside in the Tri-City Planning Area or in surrounding communities. Because this is a multi-jurisdictional planning effort, all public outreach activities for this LHMP Update were conducted in cooperation with and on behalf of the City of Fremont, as the project lead and CRS community, the Cities of Newark and Union City, as eligible CRS communities, as well as for the ACWD and USD, as the other two participating jurisdictions to this 2024 LHMP Update.

The formal public meetings for this project are summarized in Table 3-6.

Table 3-6 Schedule of Public and Stakeholder Meetings
Meeting Type Meeting Topic Meeting Date Meeting Locations Early Public Kickoff
Meeting #1
1) Intro to DMA, CRS and
mitigation planning
2) 2024 LHMP Update Process
May23, 2023 George M. Silliman,
Community Activity
Center, Newark
Early Public Kickoff
Meeting #1
1) Intro to DMA, CRS and
mitigation planning
2) 2024 LHMP Update Process
July 13, 2023 Age Well Center at
Lake Elizabeth,
Fremont
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Meeting Type Meeting Topic Meeting Date Meeting Locations Risk Assessment Public
Meeting
1) Overview of the Risk
Assessment Data and process
August 17, 2023 Kennedy Youth
Center, Union City
Final Public Meeting 1)Presentation of Draft LHMP
and solicitation of public and
stakeholder comments
January 24, 2024 Fremont Main
Library, Fremont
Where appropriate, stakeholder and public comments and recommendations were incorporated into the final Plan throughout the Plan development process, including the sections that address mitigation goals and strategies. Public comments were obtained throughout the planning process and prior to LHMP submittal to Cal OES and FEMA. A summary of public comments received is included in Appendix A.

Many of the public comments were addressed, as appropriate, in the final version of the LHMP prior to submittal to Cal OES; others were considered more high level policy comments preserved for later discussion. All press releases, newspaper advertisements and articles, website postings, and public outreach efforts are on file with Fremont OES and are included in Appendix A.

The draft Plan is currently available online on the MyFremont website at: https://www.my.fremont.gov/tricity-hazard-plan. In addition, links to this website were provided on the local websites of the Cities of Newark and Union City, the ACWD, and the USD.

Other Public Outreach Efforts
Beyond these more formal public involvement activities, the LHMP Update process also included the following public outreach activities included in Table 3-7 which are further documented and described in Appendix A. The public outreach activities described herein were conducted with participation from and on behalf of all jurisdictions participating in this LHMP Update, including City of Fremont as project lead and the CRS community, the Cities of Newark and Union City as eligible CRS communities, and the ACWD and the USD Water District as the two participating special districts.

Table 3-7 Other Public Outreach Efforts
Public Outreach Activity Description
MyFremont LHMP Update
Website May 2023 –
February 2024
MyFremont housed the official Tri-City 2024 LHMP Update webpage. Information on the Plan update process and location of documents, and all Planning Committee and public meeting locations were posted on the MyFremont website. This website also included a link to the Survey.

Public Outreach Flyer for
Kickoff Meeting
May 2023
An initial public outreach flyer was developed for the initial public and planning committee kick off meetings and updated throughout the project.

Public Outreach Flyer in
Newark Community Centers
May 2023
Public outreach flyer posted in the 3 Newark community centers. This included the Clark W. Redeker Newark Senior Center, the George M. Silliman Community Activity Center, and the Newark Community Center.

Union City Bike to Work
Day
May 18, 2023
In Union City held a bike to workday on 5/18/2023 - the City provided a handout, and the Public Outreach Flyer was included the flyer in the 150 bags that were distributed.

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Public Outreach Activity Description
Newark Swearing-In
Ceremony for new County
Supervisor Vasquez
May 2023
Richard Martinez attended the swearing in ceremony held in Newark for new County Supervisor Vasquez. As part of that ceremony, he did outreach for the LHMP Kickoff planning committee and public meetings and had the Public Outreach Flyers handed out.

ACWD posting of LHMP
Flyer in their Lobby
May/June 2023
The public outreach flyer was posted in late May/June 2023 in the ACWD lobby to let customers and visitors to the District know of the LHMP kickoff meeting and how they can be involved.

City of Fremont Website
Fremont.gov
July – February 2024
The City of Fremont Website has been providing coverage of the LHMP project. It is one of three highlighted initiatives on the City’s Main pagefremont.gov. Additionally, all upcoming Planning Committee and Public Meeting dates appear on the City’s calendar (at https://www.fremont.gov/residents/city-calendar), and are highlighted on the main page for the City Manager’s Office,
https://www.fremont.gov/government/departments/city-manager.

City of Newark Website The City of Newark developed a Tri-City 2024 LHMP webpage to keep their citizens informed on the LHMP plan development process and how to be involved. This website, Local Hazard Mitigation Plan - LHMP | Newark, CA, linked to the MyFremont LHMP webpage.

City of Union City Website The City of Union City developed a Tri-City 2024 LHMP webpage to keep their citizens informed on the LHMP plan development process and how to be involved.

This website, Tri-City Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 2024 | Union City, CA, linked to the MyFremont LHMP webpage.

Alameda County Water
District Website
Alameda County Water District posted information throughout the LHMP Update process on their website. The District also posted information on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram to outreach the LHMP.

Union Sanitary District
Website
The Union Sanitary District developed a Tri-City 2024 LHMP webpage to keep their citizens informed on the LHMP plan development process and how to be involved.

This website, Tri-City 2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan - Union Sanitary District, linked to the MyFremont LHMP webpage.

City of Newark
Facebook
May 20 & 23, 2023
The City of Newark posted on Facebook to remind everyone of the Tri-City 2024 LHMP kickoff meeting.

City of Union City
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram
May 19, 20, 33, & 23, 2023
The City of Union City posted on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to remind everyone of the Tri-City 2024 LHMP kickoff meeting.

Tri-City 2024 LHMP
Public Outreach Survey
August 2023 – January 2024
A public survey was posted on the MyFremont website inviting the public to comment on how concerned and prepared the five participating jurisdictions and individuals are for a possible natural disaster, including flood events. The Survey was advertised through a variety of mechanisms throughout the Plan development process. This included utilizing a QR code embedded in the Public Outreach Flyer. See https://www.my.fremont.gov/tri-city-hazard-plan
Union City CERT table at
the South Alameda Buddhist
Bizarre Event
June 25, 2023
The public outreach flyer was included at the Union City CERT table at the South Alameda Buddhist Bizarre Event promoting the LHMP and how the public can get involved.

Union Sanitary District
Public Outreach
July 2023
The Union Sanitary District placed the public outreach flyer at their permit counter promoting the LHMP and how the public can get involved.

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Public Outreach Activity Description
City of Newark
Social Media and City
Website LHMP Survey
Outreach
August 2023
The City of Newark promoted the LHMP Survey on both the City website and through social media.

City of Fremont
Social Media Posting
Facebook, August 8, 2023
The City of Fremont promoted the LHMP Public Meeting #2 on the Risk Assessment on both the City website and through social media outreach, including Facebook.

City of Fremont
Social Media Posting
Twitter, August 8, 2023
The City of Newark promoted the LHMP Public Meeting #2 on the Risk Assessment on both the City website and through social media, including Twitter.

City of Fremont
Social Media Posting
Nextdoor, August 9, 2023
The City of Newark promoted the LHMP Public Meeting #2 on the Risk Assessment on both the City website and through social media, including Nextdoor.

City of Newark
Social Media and City
Website LHMP Outreach
August 2023
The City of Newark promoted the LHMP Public Meeting #2 on the Risk Assessment on both the City website and through social media.

City of Union City
Social Media and City
Website LHMP Outreach
August 2023
The City of Union City promoted the LHMP Survey on both the City website and through social media.

City of Union City
Social Media and City
Website LHMP Outreach
August 2023
The City of Union City promoted the LHMP Public Meeting #2 on the Risk Assessment on both the City website and through social media.

Fremont’s Citywide weekly enewsletter to residents, The Fremont CONNECTION
August 18, 2023
Fremont’s Citywide weekly e-newsletter to residents, The Fremont CONNECTION August 18, 2023, promoted the LHMP survey.

City of Fremont, Facebook
LHMP Survey Promotion
August 18, 2023
The City of Fremont promoted the LHMP survey on Facebook.

City of Fremont, LinkedIn
LHMP Survey Promotion
August 18, 2023
The City of Fremont promoted the LHMP survey on LinkedIn.

Newark Days
September 14-17
The public outreach flyer was included at the Newark CERT table at Newark Days promoting the LHMP and how the public can get involved.

Union City Community
Outreach at Our Lady of the
Rosary on Saturday October
7, 2023
The public outreach flyer for the LHMP was developed into a sign and index size cards to hand out at the Union City Community Outreach at Our Lady of the Rosary on Saturday October 7, 2023
Public Outreach Survey
An integral element in hazard mitigation planning is broad public participation. Information provided by residents fosters a better understanding of local hazard concerns and can spawn innovative ideas to reduce Packet Page No. 317
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impacts of future hazard events. A public opinion survey was conducted to gather information from TriCity Planning Area residents concerning local hazards. The survey was located on the MyFremont’s LHMP website and survey participation was promoted through public and Planning Committee meetings and other public outreach efforts including social media platforms. Following is a summary of survey results:
➢ The survey was taken by 39 people.
➢ 26 lived in Fremont, 7 in Newark, and 5 in Union City. ➢ The top three hazards of concern were drought and water shortage, earthquake, and wildfire. ➢ 38.5% of respondents had experienced a natural disaster. ➢ 7.7% of respondents stated their home was in a floodplain. 51.3% did not know. ➢ 2.6% of people surveyed carried flood insurance.
➢ 30.8% stated they were insured for earthquakes.
➢ 7.7% of respondents were very prepared for a natural disaster. ➢ 71.5% of respondents were somewhat prepared for a natural disaster. ➢ The top three communications methods about natural disasters and preparedness were from direct mailings, e-newsletters, and social media.

Full survey results can be found in Appendix G.

Planning Step 3: Coordinate with Other Departments and Agencies Early in the planning process, the Planning Committee determined that data collection, mitigation strategy development, and LHMP review and approval would be greatly enhanced by inviting other local, state and federal agencies and organizations to participate in the process. Based on their involvement in hazard mitigation planning, their landowner status in the Tri-City Planning Area, and/or their interest as a neighboring jurisdiction, representatives from the following agencies were invited to participate on the Planning Committee:
➢ AC Transit
➢ ACFCWCD
➢ Alameda County
➢ Alameda County 2-1-1/Eden Information & Referral (Eden I&R) ➢ Alameda County Fire Department
➢ Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conservation District ➢ Alameda County Library
➢ Alameda County Public Works Agency
➢ Alameda County Sheriff's Office
➢ Alameda County Voluntary Organizations Active in Disasters (ALCO VOAD) ➢ Alameda County Water District
➢ American Red Cross
➢ Bay Area Community Health
➢ Bay Area Rapid Transit
➢ Cal DWR
➢ Cal Fire
➢ Cal OES
➢ Cal Trans
➢ California Department of Education
➢ California Department of Fish and Wildlife
➢ California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection
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➢ California Department of Water Resources
➢ California Earthquake Authority
➢ California Governor's Office of Emergency Services
➢ California Native Plant Society
➢ California Resiliency Alliance
➢ City of Fremont
➢ City of Newark
➢ City of Union City
➢ Diablo Fire Safe Council
➢ East Bay MUD
➢ East Bay Regional Park District
➢ Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region IX
➢ Fremont Unified School District
➢ Friends of Children with Special Needs
➢ Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Fremont
➢ Lam Research
➢ National Weather Service
➢ New Haven Unified School District
➢ Newark Unified School District
➢ Ohlone Community College District
➢ Pacific Gas & Electric
➢ PG&E
➢ San Francisco Bay Conservation & Development Commission ➢ San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
➢ Santa Clara Valley Water District
➢ SPUR
➢ U. S. Geological Survey
➢ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
➢ UC Berkely
➢ UCSF
➢ Union Sanitary District
➢ Washington Hospital Healthcare System
➢ United States Forest Service
Additional Agency Coordination
Coordination with key agencies, organizations, and advisory groups throughout the planning process allowed the Planning Committee to review common problems, development policies, and mitigation strategies as well as identifying any conflicts or inconsistencies with regional mitigation policies, plans, programs and regulations. Coordination involved contacting these agencies through a variety of mechanisms and informing them on how to participate in the LHMP Update process and if they had any expertise or assistance, they could lend to the planning process or specific mitigation strategies.

Coordination with these groups included holding face-to-face or virtual meetings, sending outreach e-mails, (some with follow up phone calls), and making phone calls alone to out of area agencies. All of these groups and agencies were solicited asking for their assistance and input, telling them how to become involved in the LHMP Update process, and inviting them to the Planning Committee meetings. This coordination with other agencies is documented in Appendix A and includes a summary table of who was contacted, the method of contact, and the purpose. Supporting documentation such as emails and meeting logs are also included.

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In addition, as part of the overall stakeholder and agency coordination effort, the Planning Committee coordinated with and utilized input to the LHMP Update from the following agencies:
➢ Cal-Adapt
➢ Cal Atlas
➢ Cal OES
➢ CAL FIRE
➢ Cal Trans
➢ California Department of Conservation
➢ California Department of Finance
➢ California Department of Fish and Wildlife
➢ California Department of Food and Agriculture
➢ California Department of Parks and Recreation
➢ California Department of Water Resources
➢ California Division of Mines and Geology
➢ California Employment Development Department
➢ California Geological Survey
➢ California Invasive Plant Council
➢ California Natural Resources Agency
➢ East Bay MUD
➢ East Bay Regional Park District
➢ FEMA Region IX
➢ Library of Congress
➢ National Drought Mitigation Center
➢ National Levee Database
➢ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association
➢ National Performance of Dams Program
➢ National Register of Historic Places
➢ National Resource Conservation Service
➢ National Response Center
➢ National Weather Service
➢ Pacific Gas and Electric
➢ Public Policy Institute of California
➢ United States Army Corps of Engineers
➢ United States Bureau of Land Management
➢ United States Bureau of Reclamation
➢ United States Department of Agriculture
➢ US Department of Transportation
➢ United States Forest Service
➢ United States Geological Survey
➢ United States Occupational Health and Safety Agency
➢ Western Regional Climate Center
Several opportunities were provided for the groups listed above to participate in the planning process. At the beginning of the planning process, invitations were extended to many of these groups to actively participate on the Planning Committee. Specific participants from these groups are detailed in Appendix A. Others assisted in the process by providing data directly as requested in the Data Worksheets or through data contained on their websites or as maintained by their offices. Further as part of the public outreach Packet Page No. 320
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process, all groups were invited to attend the public and Planning Committee meetings and to review and comment on the draft LHMP prior to submittal to CAL OES and FEMA.

Other Community Planning Efforts and Hazard Mitigation Activities Coordination with other community planning efforts is also paramount to the success of this LHMP Update.

Hazard mitigation planning involves identifying existing policies, tools, and actions that will reduce a community’s risk and vulnerability to hazards. The five participating jurisdictions to this Plan use a variety of comprehensive planning mechanisms, such as general plans and ordinances, to guide growth and development. Integrating existing planning efforts and mitigation policies and action strategies into this LHMP Update establishes a credible and comprehensive Plan that ties into and supports other community programs. The development of this LHMP Update incorporated information from the following existing plans, studies, reports, and initiatives as well as other relevant data from neighboring communities and other jurisdictions. This gives a general overall list of plans, studies, and reports. More can be found in Appendix B to this Plan Update.
➢ 2016 City of Fremont Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
➢ 2017 City of Fremont, Newark, Union City, Alameda County Water District, and Union Sanitary District Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
➢ 2022 Alameda County Water District Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update ➢ 2023 State of California Hazard Mitigation Plan
➢ 2021 Alameda County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Draft ➢ CAL FIRE Plans and data
➢ CAL OES plans and data
➢ California Department of Finance demographic documents ➢ California Department of Water Resources plans and information ➢ California DWR Division of Safety of Dams plans and information ➢ California Geological Survey Plans
➢ Capital Improvement Plans for each jurisdiction
➢ Climate Adaptation Plans
➢ Climate Change and Health Profile Report – Alameda and Contra Costa County ➢ CWPPs
➢ Dam Emergency Action Plans
➢ Emergency Operations Plans
➢ Evacuation Plans
➢ FEMA mitigation planning documents
➢ Flood Insurance Studies
➢ General Plans for each of the cities
➢ Housing Elements for each of the cities
➢ National Weather Service documents
➢ Stormwater Master Plans
➢ US Department of Agriculture Reports
➢ US Department of Interior Plans
➢ US Fish and Wildlife reports
➢ USGS Reports
Specific source documents are referenced at the beginning of each section of Chapter 4 and in Appendix B.

These and other documents were reviewed and considered, as appropriate, during the collection of data to Packet Page No. 321
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support Planning Steps 4 and 5, which include the hazard identification, vulnerability assessment, and capability assessment. Data from these plans and documents were incorporated into the hazard risk assessment sections of the LHMP. Where data and information from the existing studies and reports is used in this LHMP Update, the source document is referenced throughout this Plan. The information was also used to identify potential hazard mitigation strategies for inclusion in this LHMP Update and in assessing the capabilities of the participating jurisdictions in implementing the resulting mitigation strategy.

Appendix B, References, provides a detailed list of references used in the preparation of this LHMP Update.

Coordination with Underserved Communities and Socially Vulnerable Populations As detailed in FEMA’s new 2023 LHMP guidance, the LHMP development process should utilize the Whole Community approach to hazard mitigation planning. Engagement and coordination with a variety of community-based organizations that work directly with or provide support to underserved communities and socially vulnerable populations, including individuals with disabilities and access and functional needs, is a critical component in addressing equity in mitigation planning and implementation. For this LHMP project, significant efforts were made to identify and engage the appropriate community members and groups to support the Plan development process. The participating cities to this LHMP Update comprise three of the 14 cities within Alameda County, California. Similar to most County-City organizational structures, Alameda County provides numerous countywide services to cities that are often not duplicated at the city level. This often includes the County Public Health Department and associated organizations and groups that provide support and services to these underserved and vulnerable populations. Thus, reaching out to the broader county-level community in addition to the three Cities was required to best meet this element.

As part of the planning process, efforts made to identify and engage these groups in the Tri-City 2024 LHMP Update project included the following:
➢ Listos California – Anchored at the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) since 2019, Listos California engages a statewide network of community-based organizations, Tribal Governments, and Community Emergency Response Teams across the state to boost resiliency, provide accessible inlanguage information and advance a new culture of disaster preparedness. The managing director of Listos indicated that they are not allowed to give out any local names/subgrantees to anyone and to look at their website to see a list of participating groups. ➢ California School for the Deaf and the Blind – Several representatives from California Schools for the Deaf and Blind were invited to be part of the LHMP Planning Committee. ➢ Independent Living Resources of Solano and Contra Costa Counties (ILRSCC), Emergency Preparedness Coordinator – Independent Living Resources is a non-profit organization serving the Solano and Contra Costa Counties as well as Alameda County. Through educational empowerment and advocacy, Independent Living Resources’ main goal is to incorporate those with disabilities into the community- eliminating all institutional, social, and attitudinal barriers that hinder progress. A primary focus of ILRSCC is to assist with disaster planning and preparedness for those with disabilities and access and functional needs. Coordination with the Emergency Preparedness Coordinator occurred as part of the LHMP Update to encourage participation and input into the Plan development process.

The ILRSCC, Emergency Services Coordinator, was invited to be part of the LHMP Planning Committee. In addition, working through the ILRSCC Emergency Services Coordinator, additional Packet Page No. 322
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outreach and invitations to participate on the LHMP Planning Committee were extended to staff from the Community Resources for Independent Living (CRIL), Regional Center of the East Bay, Friends of Children with Special Needs, and the Developmental Disabilities Council of Alameda County. ➢ Eden I&R, Disaster Preparedness Coordinator – The mission of Eden I&R is to link people and resources by responding to the community’s changing needs. Eden I&R has become a critical resource for thousands of at-risk individuals, such as youth, non-English speakers, the economically disadvantaged, people living with HIV/AIDS, domestic violence survivors, the elderly, disabled, the homeless, and human service agencies seeking services or housing for their clients. As part of their mission, the organization has a Disaster Sources and Resources section to provide support and resources to groups and individuals before, during, and after a disaster. The Eden I&R Disaster Preparedness Coordinator was invited to be on the LHMP Planning Committee and participate in the Tri-City LHMP Update project.
➢ Alameda County Volunteer Organizations Active in Disasters (AlCo VOAD), Chair and Vice Chair – VOAD is a humanitarian association of independent voluntary organizations active in emergency disaster relief, National VOAD was founded in 1970 with the purpose of coordination relief efforts between voluntary agencies, faith-based groups, and government organizations involved in disaster response. The mission of VOAD is to provide efficient services to all disaster victims and eliminate the duplication of services. VOAD is organized on a national, state, and county basis to help meet emergency needs. AlCo VOAD is the Alameda County component of the VOAD movement. As part of the Tri-City LHMP Update, both the AlCo VOAD Chair and Vice Chair were invited to be on the Planning Committee and provide input into the Plan development process. ➢ Community Resources for Community Living (CRIL), Hayward – CRIL was organized in 1979.

CRIL’s main office is in Hayward with branch offices in Fremont and Livermore. There are 28 Independent Living Centers (ILCs) in California and over 400 in the US. CRIL advocates and provides resources for people with disabilities to improve lives and make communities fully accessible. The independent living philosophy promotes consumer control (people with disabilities involved in decision-making, service delivery and management, of the ILC); self-help and self-advocacy; development of peer relations and peer role models; and equal access to services, programs, activities, resources, and facilities in the community. As part of the Tri-City LHMP Update, several members of CRIL were invited to be on the Planning Committee and provide input into the Plan development process.
➢ Regional Center of East Bay (RCEB) – RCEB works in partnership with many individuals and agencies to plan and coordinate services and supports for people with developmental disabilities, family members and community leaders in the Alameda and Contra Costa counties. As part of the Tri-City LHMP Update, a representative from RCEB was invited to be on the Planning Committee and provide input into the Plan development process.
➢ Alameda County Public Health Department, Family Health Services (FHS) Division –The mission of the Family Health Services Division of the Alameda County Public Health Department is to improve the health and well-being of our diverse families with compassionate, comprehensive and collaborative services. As part of the Tri-City LHMP Update, a representative from FHS was invited to be on the Planning Committee and provide input into the Plan development process.

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3.2.2. Phase 2: Assess Risks
Planning Steps 4 and 5: Identify the Hazards and Assess the Risks Foster Morrison led the Planning Committee in a research effort to identify, document, and profile all the hazards that have, or could have, an impact to the Tri-City Planning Area. Starting with the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs, natural hazards of concern were added, deleted, and modified for this LHMP Update. Data collection worksheets were developed and used in this effort to aid in determining hazards and vulnerabilities and where the risk varies across the Tri-City Planning Area. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to display, analyze, and quantify hazards and vulnerabilities.

The Planning Committee also conducted a capability assessment to review and document the Tri-City Planning Area’s current capabilities to mitigate risk from and vulnerability to hazards. By collecting information about existing government programs, policies, regulations, ordinances, and emergency plans, the Planning Committee could assess those activities and measures already in place that contribute to mitigating some of the risks and vulnerabilities identified.

NFIP Participation
Also addressed in the risk assessment and mitigation strategy of this 2024 LHMP is an assessment of the three Cities’ floodplain management programs and participation in the NFIP, including a discussion of their continued compliance with NFIP requirements and the City of Fremont’s CRS program. However, it should be noted that this applies only to eligible NFIP communities. Participating special districts to this LHMP Update do not address their compliance with the NFIP as they are not eligible jurisdictions for purposes of the NFIP.

High Hazard Potential Dam (HHPD) Program
Dams are an aging infrastructure; the average age of dams in the US is 57 years. High hazard potential is a classification standard for any dam whose failure or mis-operation will cause loss of human life and significant property destruction. Many of these high hazard dams lack regular maintenance and improvements and present an ongoing risk to nearby communities. In response, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 appropriated millions for the HHPD program for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2026. The purpose of the HHPD program is to provide assistance for repair, removal or rehabilitation of HHPDs, and may include funding for technical, planning, design, and construction activities. The focus on this recent program is to provide funding for those dams that pose an unacceptable risk to the public. In order to be eligible for this grant program, all dam risks must be addressed in both state and local hazard mitigation plans, in addition to other eligibility requirements.

The ACWD, a participating jurisdiction seeking FEMA approval of the Tri-City 2024 LHMP, owns six dams located within the Tri-City Planning Area. This includes the DeCoto Reservoir, an Extremely High Hazard dam; the Middlefield Reservoir and Quarry Pits Dam, both High Hazard dams; and the Shinn Dam, Rubber Dam #3 and Patterson Dam, all Significant Hazard dams. Thus, this LHMP Update is being developed to establish eligibility and access of the ACWD to FEMA’s HHPD grant program.

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3.2.3. Phase 3: Develop the Mitigation Plan
Planning Steps 6 and 7: Set Goals and Review Possible Activities Foster Morrison facilitated brainstorming and discussion sessions with the Planning Committee that described the purpose and process of developing planning goals and objectives, a comprehensive range of mitigation alternatives, and a method of selecting and defending recommended mitigation actions using a series of selection criteria. This information is included in Chapter 5 Mitigation Strategy. Additional documentation on the process the Planning Committee used to develop the goals and mitigation strategy is in Appendix C.

Planning Step 8: Draft an Action Plan
Based on input from the Planning Committee regarding the draft risk assessment and the goals and activities identified in Planning Steps 6 and 7, a complete first draft of the LHMP Update was developed. This complete draft was provided for Planning Committee review and comment via a Dropbox web link. Other agencies and the Public Planning Committee and Steering Committee members were invited to comment on this draft as well. Planning Committee and agency comments were integrated into the second public review draft, which was advertised and distributed to collect public input and comments. The Planning Committee integrated comments and issues from the public, as appropriate, along with additional internal review comments and produced a final draft for CAL OES and FEMA Region IX to review and approve, contingent upon final adoption by governing boards of all participating jurisdictions.

3.2.4. Phase 4: Implement the Plan and Monitor Progress Planning Step 9: Adopt the Plan
In order to secure buy-in and officially implement the LHMP Update, the Plan was adopted by the governing boards of each participating jurisdiction using the sample resolutions contained in Appendix D.

Planning Step 10: Implement, Evaluate, and Revise the Plan The true worth of any mitigation plan is in the effectiveness of its implementation. Up to this point in the planning process, all of the Planning Committee’s efforts have been directed at researching data, coordinating input from participating entities, and developing appropriate mitigation actions and projects.

Each recommended action includes key descriptors, such as a lead manager and possible funding sources, to help initiate implementation. An overall implementation strategy is described in Chapter 7 Plan Implementation and Maintenance.

Finally, there are numerous organizations within the Tri-City Planning Area whose goals and interests interface with hazard mitigation. Coordination with these other planning efforts, as addressed in Planning Step 3, is paramount to the implementation and ongoing success of this plan and mitigation in the Tri-City Planning Area and is addressed further in Chapter 7.

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Implementation and Maintenance Process: 2016/2017/2022
The previous 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs included a process for Plan maintenance and implementation of the mitigation strategy as well as formal updates to the LHMP. The 2016/2017/2022 processes called for periodic reviews with the status of mitigation strategy implementation. In addition, the 2016/2017/2022 processes called for a formal plan update as required by DMA regulations every 5 years. With respect to Fremont, no formal process was followed for periodic reviews. For Newark and Union City, no formal process was utilized for periodic reviews. Each department that was assigned a mitigation action from the 2017 LHMP was responsible for implementing and maintaining those mitigation action items. Likewise, ACWD and USD did not follow a specific process for maintenance and implementation of their 2017 and 2022 LHMPs. ACWD indicated that while reviews are not regularly scheduled, they happened naturally as part of the ACWD’s Grant Team and as part of the Capital Improvement Program (CIP) process to ensure continuity between programs and to maximize mitigation opportunities. Similarly, USD regularly reviewed the 2017 LHMP as part of their CIP and other District programs to identify possible funding and program mechanisms for mitigation action implementation. This 2024 LHMP Update, once approved and adopted, will meet the DMA formal 5-year update requirement for all participating jurisdictions.

In addition, the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs were relied on and integrated into other planning mechanisms in the Tri-City Planning Area. Specific to each participating jurisdiction, the jurisdictional annexes identify the planning mechanisms the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs were integrated into.

The plan implementation and maintenance process as set forth in the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs has been updated for this LHMP Update. The revised implementation and maintenance process for the Tri-City 2024 LHMP Update is set forth in Section 7 of this Plan document. A strategy for continued public involvement for this update process is also included in Chapter 7.

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Chapter 4 Risk Assessment
44 CFR §201.6(c)(2): [The plan shall include] A risk assessment that provides the factual basis for activities proposed in the strategy to reduce losses from identified hazards. Local risk assessments must provide sufficient information to enable the jurisdiction to identify and prioritize appropriate mitigation actions to reduce losses from identified hazards.

As defined by FEMA, risk is a combination of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure. “It is the impact that a hazard would have on people, services, facilities, and structures in a community and refers to the likelihood of a hazard event resulting in an adverse condition that causes injury or damage.” The cities of Fremont, Newark, Union City, and the special districts of Alameda County Water District (referred to here as the Tri-City Planning Area) risk assessment process identifies and profiles relevant hazards and assesses the exposure of lives, property, and infrastructure to these hazards. The process allows for a better understanding of a jurisdiction’s potential risk to hazards and provides a framework for developing and prioritizing mitigation actions to reduce risk from future hazard events.

This risk assessment followed the methodology described in the FEMA publication Understanding Your Risks—Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses (FEMA 386-2, 2002), which breaks the assessment into a four-step process:

1. Identify hazards

2. Profile hazard events

3. Inventory assets

4. Estimate losses
This Chapter 4 of the Base LHMP covers the entire geographical extent of the Tri-City Planning Area and addresses the Tri-City Planning Area as a whole. The Jurisdictional Annexes provide additional risk assessment detail as to how the hazard risk differs across the Tri-City Planning Area and specific to each jurisdiction.

Data collected through this process has been incorporated into the following sections of this chapter:
➢ Section 4.1 Hazard Identification: Natural Hazards identifies the natural hazards that threaten the Tri-City Planning Area and describes why some hazards have been omitted from further consideration. ➢ Section 4.2 Tri-City Planning Area Assets Inventory and Growth and Development Trends identifies the property values; populations; critical facilities; and cultural, historical, and natural resources at risk. This information is not hazard specific and covers the entire Tri-City Planning Area.

It also identifies past growth in the Tri-City Planning Area and reviews future development trends. ➢ Section 4.3 Hazard Profiles and Vulnerability Assessment provides an overview of each hazard, its location and extent, and discusses the risk, vulnerability, and impacts of each natural hazard to the TriCity Planning Area. The hazard profile also describes previous occurrences of hazard events and the likelihood of future occurrences. The vulnerability assessment evaluates the Tri-City Planning Area’s exposure to natural hazards; considering assets at risk, populations at risk, critical facilities, future development trends, and, where possible, estimates potential hazard losses.

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➢ Section 4.4 Capability Assessment inventories existing mitigation activities and policies, regulations, and plans that pertain to mitigation in the Tri-City Planning Area and can affect net vulnerability.

This LHMP Update involved a comprehensive review and update of each section of the previous 2016/2017/2022 LHMP risk assessments. Information from the 2016 (for the City of Fremont), 2017 (for the cities of Newark and Union City, as well as the Alameda County Water District and the Union Sanitary District), and 2022 Alameda County Water District (update to 2017) LHMP was used in this Update where valid and applicable. As part of the risk assessment update, new data was used, where available, and new analyses were conducted. Where data from existing studies and reports was used, the source is referenced throughout this risk assessment. Refinements, changes, and new methodologies used in the development of this risk assessment update are summarized in Chapter 2 What’s New and are also detailed in this risk assessment portion of this Plan.

4.1 Hazard Identification: Natural Hazards
44 CFR §201.6(c)(2)(i): [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the type…of all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction.

The Planning Committee conducted a hazard identification study to determine the natural hazards that threaten the Tri-City Planning Area. This section details the methodology and results of this effort.

Data Sources
The following data sources were used for this Hazard Identification portion of the Plan:
➢ Planning Committee input
➢ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Climatic Data Center Storm Events Database
➢ 2016 City of Fremont Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
➢ 2017 City of Fremont, Newark, Union City, Alameda County Water District, and Union Sanitary District Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
➢ 2022 Alameda County Water District Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update ➢ 2023 Draft State of California Hazard Mitigation Plan ➢ 2021 Alameda County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Public Draft ➢ FEMA Disaster Declaration Database

4.1.1. Methodology and Results
Using existing natural hazards data and input gained through the kickoff planning meeting and other sources, the Planning Committee agreed upon a list of natural hazards that could affect the Tri-City Planning area. Hazards data from the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), FEMA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and many other sources were examined to assess the significance of these hazards to the Planning Area. Those hazards identified as a high or medium significance are considered priority hazards for mitigation planning. Those hazards that occur infrequently or have little or no impact on the Planning Area were determined to be of low significance and not considered a priority hazard. Significance of each identified hazard was measured in general terms and Packet Page No. 328
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focused on key criteria such as frequency and resulting damage, which includes deaths and injuries, as well as property and economic damage. The ability of a community to reduce losses through implementation of existing and new mitigation measures was also considered as to the significance of a hazard. The natural hazards evaluated as part of this Plan include those that have occurred historically and/or have the potential to cause significant human and/or monetary losses in the future. For this Chapter 4, all hazards are profiled.

The following hazards in Table 4-1, listed alphabetically, were identified and investigated for this LHMP Update. All hazards from the 2016/2017/2022 Plans were profiled in this LHMP Update. Localized flood and winds were broken out as standalone hazards. New hazards include levee failure.

Table 4-1 Tri-City Planning Area Hazard Identification and Comparison City of Fremont
2016 LHMP
2017 Union City and
Newark LHMP*
2021 Alameda
County Plan
2023 State of California
Plan Applicable Hazards*
Proposed 2023
Hazards*
Climate Change
(including
drought, extreme
heat, and sea
level rise)
As part of other
hazards.

Climate Change Climate Change and Related
Hazards
Climate Change (as a
standalone and as it
exacerbates other
hazards)
Floods
(1%/0.2%,
coastal flooding,
dam inundation
Dam Failure Dam Failure Dam Failure Dam Failure
Climate Change
(including
drought, extreme
heat, and sea
level rise)
Drought Drought Droughts and Water
Shortage
Drought & Water
Shortage
Earthquake
(including
liquefaction,
tsunami, and
seiche)
Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake (with Subsidence
as a separate hazard)
Earthquake (and
earthquake liquefaction)
Floods
(1%/0.2%,
coastal flooding,
dam inundation
Flood Flood Riverine, Stream, and Alluvial
Flood
Flood: 1%/0.2% annual
chance
– – Flood Riverine, Stream, and Alluvial
Flood
Flood:

Localized/Stormwater
Flooding
Landslides Landslide Landslide Landslide, Debris Flow, and other Mass Movements
Landslide
– – – Levee Failure Levee Failure
– – Infectious Disease Epidemic/Pandemic/VectorBorne Disease– – – Public Safety
Power Shutoff
–
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City of Fremont
2016 LHMP
2017 Union City and
Newark LHMP*
2021 Alameda
County Plan
2023 State of California
Plan Applicable Hazards*
Proposed 2023
Hazards*
Climate Change
(including
drought, extreme
heat, and sea
level rise)
Severe Weather – Extreme Heat Severe Weather:

Extreme Heat
– Severe Weather – Severe Wind, Weather, and
Storms
Severe Weather: Heavy
Rain and Storms
Earthquake
(including
liquefaction,
tsunami, and
seiche)
– Tsunami Tsunami and Seiche Tsunami
– Severe Weather – Severe Wind, Weather, and
Storms
Severe Weather: High
Winds
– – – Subsidence Subsidence
Fire Wildfire Wildfire Wildfire Wildfire (with smoke/ air quality)
*also included the Alameda County Water District and the Union Sanitary District Certain hazards were excluded from consideration for this Plan. They are shown in Table 4-2. The 2023 State of California Hazard Mitigation Plan includes multiple man-made hazards. Most of these were excluded, as shown in Table 4-3
Table 4-2 Tri-City Planning Area – Excluded Natural Hazards Hazard Excluded Why Excluded
Avalanches The Planning Area does not have measurable snowfall to have avalanche as a hazard.

Volcano Given the location of active or potentially active volcanoes relative to the Planning Area, it was felt this hazard was not of concern to the City.

Table 4-3 Tri-City Planning Area – Excluded Man-Made Hazards Hazard Excluded Why Excluded
Public Safety Power Shutoff This is included in multiple hazards, and was not considered a stand-alone hazard for this Plan, and was detailed in the Vulnerability section.

Terrorism This is a natural hazards focused plan, and as such was not included in this Plan.

Air Pollution This is discussed as part of the wildfire smoke issue and not as a standalone hazard.

Energy Shortage This is included as part of the PSPS discussion.

Cyber Threats This is a natural hazards focused plan, and as such was not included in this Plan.

Tree Mortality Discussed in the drought, extreme heat, and wildfire sections and not as a standalone hazard.

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Hazard Excluded Why Excluded
Invasive and Nuisance Species The Planning Committee felt this hazard was not of significant concern to the TriCity Planning Area.

Civil Disorder This is a natural hazards focused plan. Thus, this hazard was not included.

Well Stimulation This is a natural hazards focused plan. Thus, this hazard was not included.

Oil Spills This is a natural hazards focused plan. Thus, this hazard was not included.

Electromagnetic Pulse Attack This is a natural hazards focused plan. Thus, this hazard was not included.

Radiological Accidents This is a natural hazards focused plan. Thus, this hazard was not included.

Geomagnetic Storms This is a natural hazards focused plan. Thus, this hazard was not included.

The worksheet below was completed by the Tri-City Planning Area Planning Committee to identify, profile, and rate the significance of identified hazards.

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Table 4-4 Tri-City Planning Area Hazard Identification Assessment Hazard
Geographic
Extent
Likelihood of
Future
Occurrences
Magnitude/
Severity Significance
Climate
Change
Influence
Climate Change Extensive Highly Likely Critical High –
Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise Limited Highly Likely Limited Med-High High Dam Failure Sig – Ext. Unlikely Catastrophic High Medium Drought & Water Shortage Extensive Likely Limited Medium High Earthquake Extensive Occasional/
Highly Likely
Catastrophic High Low
Flood: 1%/0.2% annual chance Significant Occasional Critical High High Flood: Localized/Stormwater Flooding Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium Medium Landslide Limited Likely Limited Medium Medium
Levee Failure Limited Unlikely Limited Medium Medium
Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and
Freeze
Extensive Highly Likely Limited Low-Med Medium
Severe Weather: Extreme Heat Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium High Severe Weather: Heavy Rain and Storms Extensive Highly Likely Limited Medium Medium Severe Weather: High Winds and
Tornadoes
Extensive Highly Likely Negligible Low-Med Medium
Subsidence Limited Likely Negligible Low Medium
Tsunami Limited Unlikely Limited Low-Med Low
Wildfire Limited Highly Likely Critical Medium Medium
Geographic Extent
Limited: Less than 10% of planning
area
Significant: 10-50% of planning area
Extensive: 50-100% of planning area
Likelihood of Future Occurrences
Highly Likely: Near 100% chance of
occurrence in next year, or happens
every year.

Likely: Between 10 and 100% chance of
occurrence in next year, or has a
recurrence interval of 10 years or less.

Occasional: Between 1 and 10%
chance of occurrence in the next year, or
has a recurrence interval of 11 to 100
years.

Unlikely: Less than 1% chance of
occurrence in next 100 years, or has a
recurrence interval of greater than every
100 years.

Magnitude/Severity
Catastrophic: More than 50 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than 30 days; and/or multiple deaths Critical: 25-50 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for at least two weeks; and/or injuries and/or illnesses result in permanent disability
Limited: 10-25 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than a week; and/or injuries/illnesses treatable do not result in permanent disability
Negligible: Less than 10 percent of property severely damaged, shutdown of facilities and services for less than 24 hours; and/or injuries/illnesses treatable with first aid
Significance
Low: Minimal potential impact
Medium: Moderate potential impact
High: Widespread potential impact
Climate Change Influence
Low: Minimal potential impact
Medium: Moderate potential impact
High: Widespread potential impact
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4.1.2. Disaster Declaration History
One method to identify hazards based upon past occurrences is to look at what events triggered federal and/or state disaster declarations within the Tri-City Planning Area (although disaster declarations are generally declared on a county basis). Disaster declarations are granted when the severity and magnitude of the event’s impact surpass the ability of the local government to respond and recover. Disaster assistance is supplemental and sequential. When the local government’s capacity has been surpassed, a state disaster declaration may be issued, following the local agency’s declaration, allowing for the provision of state assistance. Should the disaster be so severe that both the local and state government’s capacity is exceeded, a federal disaster declaration may be issued allowing for the provision of federal disaster assistance.

The federal government may issue a disaster declaration through FEMA, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and/or the Small Business Administration (SBA). FEMA also issues emergency declarations, which are more limited in scope and without the long-term federal recovery programs of major disaster declarations. The quantity and types of damage are the determining factors. This section focuses on state and federal disaster and emergency declarations.

Alameda County has experienced 29 federal and 32 state declarations since 1950. 20 of the federal declarations were associated with flood events (including heavy rain and storms), 2 from freeze, 2 from pandemic, 2 from wildfire, 1 from drought, 1 from earthquake, and 1 for hurricane (for evacuations stemming from Hurricane Katrina in 2005). Regarding state disaster declarations, 19 of the state declarations were associated with flood (including heavy rain and storms), 3 were economic, 2 were associated with drought, 2 were associated with pandemic, 2 with freeze, 1 was agricultural, 1 for fire, 1 from road damage, and 1 from other (Bay Area oil spill). Details of each federal and state disaster declaration are detailed in Table 4-5. A summary of federal and state disaster declarations is shown in Table 4-6.

Table 4-5 Alameda County Disaster Declarations 1950-2023 Year Disaster Name Disaster Type Disaster
Cause
Disaster # State
Declaration #
Federal
Declaration #
2023 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Straight-line
Winds, Flooding,
Landslides, and
Mudslides
Flood Storms DR-4699 – 4/3/2023
2023 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding, and
Mudslides
Flood Storms DR-4683 – 1/14/2023
2023 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding, and
Mudslides
Flood Storms EM-3591 – 1/9/2023
2020 Covid-19 Pandemic Pandemic DR-4482 3/4/2020 1/20/2020 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic Pandemic EM-3428 3/4/2020 3/13/2020 Packet Page No. 333
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Year Disaster Name Disaster Type Disaster
Cause
Disaster # State
Declaration #
Federal
Declaration #
2017 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding,
Mudslides
Flood Storms DR-4308 3/7/2017 4/1/2017
2017 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding,
Mudslides
Flood Storms DR-4305 2/10/2017 3/16/2017
2017 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding,
Mudslides
Flood Storms DR-4301 – 2/14/2017
2014 California Drought Drought Drought GP 2014-13 1/17/2014 – 2008 2008 January
Storms
Flood Flood GP-2008-01 12/21/2007 –
2007 Bay Area Oils Spill Other Accident GP-2007-15 11/9/2007 – 2006 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding,
Landslides, Mud
Flows
Flood Storms DR-1646 – 6/5/2006
2005/2006 2005/06 Winter
Storms
Flood Storms DR‐1628 – 2/3/2006
2005 Hurricane Katrina
Evacuations
Economic Hurricane EM‐3248 2005 – 9/13/2005
2003 Road Damage Flood Storms GP 2003 1/1/2003 –
2001 Energy Emergency Economic Greed GP 2001 1/1/2001 – 1998 1998 El Nino
Floods
Flood Flood DR-1203 Proclaimed 2/19/1998
1997 1997 January
Floods
Flood Storms DR‐1155 1/2/97‐
1/31/97
1/4/1997
1995 California Severe
Winter Storms,
Flooding,
Landslides, Mud
Flows
Flood Storms DR-1046 Proclaimed 3/12/1995
1995 1995 Severe Winter
Storms
Flood Storms DR‐1044 1/6/95‐
3/14/95
1/13/1995
1991 Oakland Hills Fire Wildfire Wildfire DR-919 – 10/22/1991 1990 Freeze Freeze Freeze DR-894 12/19/1990-
1/18/1991
2/11/1991
1989 Loma Prieta
Earthquake
Earthquake Earthquake DR-845 – 9/18/1989
1986 1986 Storms Flood Storms DR‐758 2/18‐86-
3/12/86
2/18/1986
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Year Disaster Name Disaster Type Disaster
Cause
Disaster # State
Declaration #
Federal
Declaration #
1983 Bradford Levee
Failure
Flood Storms GP 83-05 12/9/1983
1/18/1984
–
1983 1982-1983 Winter
Storms
Flood Storms DR-677 12/8/1982‐
3/21/1983
2/9/1983
1982 California Severe
Storms, Flood,
Mudslides, High
Tide
Flood Storms DR-651 1/5/1982 1/7/1982
1981 Mediterranean
Fruit Fly
Infestation
Agricultural Insect Pests GP-1980
Medfly
12/1/1980 –
1979 Gasoline Shortage Economic OPEC – 5/8/1979 –
1977 1976 Drought Drought Drought EM-3023 2/9/1976,
2/13/1976,
2/24/1976,
3/26/1976,
7/6/1976
1/20/1977
1974 Gasoline Shortage Economic OPEC – 2/28/1974
3/4/1974
3/10/1974
–
1973 Eucalyptus Tree
Freeze
Freeze Freeze DR-373 4/4/1973 5/25/1973
1970 Forest and Brush
Fires
Wildfire Wildfire DR-295 9/24/1970
9/28/1970
10/1/1970
10/2/1970
10/20/1970
11/14/1970
8/29/1970
1970 1970 Northern
California Flooding
Flood Flood DR 283 1/27/1970 -
3/2/1970
2/16/1970
1963 1963 Floods Flood Storms – 2/14/1964 –
1962 Flood and
Rainstorm
Flood Storms – 10/17/1962,
10/25/1962,
10/30/1962,
11/4/1962
10/24/1962
1962 Floods and Rains Floods Storms – 10/17/1962
10/25/1962
10/30/1962
11/4/1962
10/24/1962
1958 1958 April Storms
and Floods
Flood Storms DR-52 4/5/1958 4/4/1958
1958 1958 February
Storms and Floods
Flood Storms CDO 58-03 2/26/1958 –
1957 Unseasonal and
Heavy Rainfall
Flood Severe Storm,
Economic
– 5/20/1957
(Cherryproducing)
–
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Year Disaster Name Disaster Type Disaster
Cause
Disaster # State
Declaration #
Federal
Declaration #
1955 1955 Floods Flood Flood DR-47 12/22/1955 12/23/1955 1950 1950 Floods Flood Flood OCD 50-01 11/21/1950 –
Source: Cal OES, FEMA
Table 4-6 Alameda County Disaster Declarations 1950-2023 Summarized by Disaster Type Disaster Type State Declarations Federal Declarations
Count Years Count Years
Agricultural 1 1981 0 –
Drought 2 1976, 2014 1 1976
Earthquake 0 – 1 1989
Economic 3 1974, 1979, 2001 0 –
Freeze 2 1973, 1990 2 1973, 1990
Flood (including heavy
rains and storms)
19 1950, 1955, 1957, 1958 (twice),
1962, 1963, 1970, 1982, 1983
(twice), 1986, 1995 (twice),
1997, 1998, 2008, 2017 (twice)
20 1955, 1958, 1962 (twice), 1970,
1982, 1983, 1986, 1995 (twice),
1997, 1998, 2005, 2006, 2017
(three), 2023 (three)
Hurricane 0 – 1 2005
Other 1 2007 0 –
Pandemic 2 2020 2 2020
Road Damage 1 2003 0 –
Wildfire 1 1970 2 1970, 1991
Totals 32 – 29 –
Source: Cal OES, FEMA
Alameda County Disasters since 2016/2017/2022 Plans
➢ 2017 Floods (three federal and two state)
➢ 2020 Pandemic (two federal and two state)
➢ 2023 Floods (three federal)
EOC Activations
In addition to the disaster declarations listed above, there are times where disasters occur that do not rise to the level of requiring a state or federal disaster declaration. The jurisdictions were asked when their emergency operations centers (EOC) were activated due to hazard events. This is provided below:

City of Fremont
Since 2016, the EOC has been activated for the following events:
➢ 2022-23 Winter Storms (DR-4683) – at Level 2 (Partial EOC Activation): January 5 and 9, 2023 Packet Page No. 336
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➢ 2022-23 Winter Storms (DR-4683 & DR-4699) – at Level 3 (Monitoring): December 30, 22 – March 29, 2023 (extending beyond the FEMA designated Incident Periods) ➢ 2020 SCU Lightning Complex Fires – the EOC was not activated, most interagency coordination took place at the CAL FIRE Command Post.

City of Newark
The City has activated its EOC since the 2017 LHMP. The EOC has been activated for the following:
➢ January 4, 2023 – Level 2 (winter storm)
➢ March 17, 2020 – Level 2 (COVID-19 response)
Union City
The City has activated its EOC since the 2017 LHMP. The EOC has been activated for the following:
➢ March 17, 2020 – Level 2 (COVID-19 response)
➢ January 4, 2023 – Level 2 (Winter storm)
➢ March 9, 2023 – Level 2 (Winter storm)
Alameda County Water District
The District has not activated the EOC since the 2022 LHMP, but activations between 2017 and 2022 include:
➢ August 2020 – EOC had been activated for Covid-19 and was additionally kept open during the SCU Lightning Complex fires.

Union Sanitary District
The District has activated its EOC since the 2017 LHMP. The EOC has been activated for the following:
➢ USD activated its EOC in April of 2020 at a monitoring level in response to COVID19 Pandemic.

4.2 Tri-City Planning Area Assets Inventory and Growth and Development Trends
As a starting point for analyzing the Tri-City Planning Area’s vulnerability to identified hazards, a variety of data was used to define a baseline against which all disaster impacts could be compared. If a catastrophic disaster was to occur in the Tri-City Planning Area, this section describes significant lands, assets, and other resources at risk. This section is broken into two parts:
➢ Asset Inventory – The assets inventory identifies the Tri-City Planning Area’s total assets, including the people and populations: structures; critical facilities and infrastructure, and community lifelines; natural, historic, and cultural resources; and economic assets and community activities of value. This data is not hazard specific, but is representative of total assets within the Tri-City Planning Area, potentially at risk to identified hazards as discussed in Section 4.3 Hazard Profiles and Vulnerability Assessment.

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➢ Growth and Development Trends – A discussion of growth and development trends in the Tri-City Planning Area, both current and future, is presented.

Data Sources
➢ 2023 Alameda County Assessor’s data/Parcel data
➢ ACWD
➢ Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
➢ Alameda County
➢ Cal DWR Disadvantaged Communities
➢ CalAtlas
➢ CalEPA
➢ California Department of Finance
➢ California Department of Fish and Wildlife
➢ California Department of Parks and Recreation Office of Historic Preservation ➢ California Department of Water Resources (CA DWR) Special Populations and Disadvantaged Community Mapping
➢ California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal EPA) Disadvantaged Communities ➢ California Environmental Quality Act
➢ California Natural Diversity Database
➢ CDC Social Vulnerability Index
➢ Center for Disease Control (CDC) Social Vulnerability Index ➢ City of Fremont GIS
➢ City of Fremont GIS
➢ FEMA Community Disaster Resilience Zones
➢ Geospatial Research, Analysis & Services Program
➢ Hazus 6.0
➢ Local Input
➢ National Environmental Policy Act
➢ Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
➢ State of California Department of Conservation
➢ Community Disaster Resilience Zones Act
➢ US Census Bureau
➢ USD

4.2.1. Assets Inventory
If a catastrophic disaster was to occur in the Tri-City Planning Area, this section describes populations, structures, critical facilities and infrastructure, and other key assets and resources at risk that comprise the existing built environment. Assets inventoried in this baseline assessment include:
➢ People and Populations
➢ Structures
➢ Critical Facilities and Infrastructure, and Community Lifelines ➢ Natural, Historic, and Cultural Resources
➢ Economic Assets and Community Activities of Value
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Populations
Life safety is a priority issue for hazard mitigation planning. The people that work and recreate in the TriCity Planning Area, and those that live and work in surrounding communities are also potentially at risk during a natural hazard event. Populations potentially at risk are described in the Table 4-7.

Table 4-7 Tri-City Planning Area – Populations
Jurisdiction Population
City of Fremont 229,467
City of Newark 47,459
City of Union City 66,754
Alameda County Water District (Service Territory) 357,000 Union Sanitary District (Service Territory) 343,680
Source: Cal DOF E-1, ACWD, USD
Vulnerable and Underserved Populations
Vulnerable populations are those who may need additional help or accommodation during a hazard event.

It should be noted that this is based on the vulnerable or underserved populations of the Tri-City Planning Area. The vulnerable and underserved populations discussion is based on the following five sources:
➢ California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal EPA) Disadvantaged Communities ➢ Center for Disease Control (CDC) Social Vulnerability Index ➢ California Department of Water Resources (CA DWR) Special Populations and Disadvantaged Community Mapping
➢ FEMA Community Disaster Resilience Zones
➢ Local Input
Cal EPA Disadvantaged Communities
Disadvantaged communities are defined by CalEPA as the top 25 percent of communities experiencing disproportionate amounts of pollution, environmental degradation, and socioeconomic and public health conditions according to the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment’s CalEnviroScreen tool.

CalEPA is responsible for identifying disadvantaged communities for the purposes of the Cap-and-Trade funding program. This uses the CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Tool. Maps showing these areas in the Planning Area are shown on Figure 4-1.

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Figure 4-1 Tri-City Planning Area – Cal EPA Disadvantaged Communities Source: Cal EPA, map retrieved 4/26/2023
CDC Social Vulnerability Index
Every community must prepare for and respond to hazardous events, whether a natural disaster like a tornado or disease outbreak, or a human-made event such as a harmful chemical spill. A number of factors, including poverty, lack of access to transportation, and crowded housing may weaken a community’s ability to prevent human suffering and financial loss in a disaster. These factors are known as social vulnerability.

Social vulnerability refers to the potential negative effects on communities caused by external stresses on human health. Such stresses include natural or human-caused disasters, or disease outbreaks. Reducing social vulnerability can decrease both human suffering and economic loss. CDC Social Vulnerability Index (CDC SVI) uses 15 U.S. census variables to help local officials identify communities that may need support before, during, or after disasters.

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) Geospatial Research, Analysis & Services Program (GRASP) created databases to help emergency response planners and public health officials identify and map communities that will most likely need support before, during, and after a hazardous event. CDC SVI uses U.S. Census data to determine the social vulnerability of every census tract. Census tracts are subdivisions of counties for which the Census collects statistical data. The CDC SVI ranks each tract on 15 social factors, including poverty, lack of vehicle access, and crowded housing, and groups them into four related themes. Each tract receives a separate ranking for each of the four themes, as well as an overall ranking. Maps of the four themes are shown in the figure below. The overall SVI map is shown in Figure 4-2; the socioeconomic SVI for the Planning Area is shown in Figure 4-3; the Packet Page No. 340
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household composition SVI is shown in Figure 4-4; the minority and language SVI is shown in Figure 4-5; and the housing and transportation SVI is shown in Figure 4-6.

Figure 4-2 Tri-City Planning Area – Overall Social Vulnerability Source: CDC Social Vulnerability Index – map retrieved 4/26/2023 Packet Page No. 341
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Figure 4-3 Tri-City Planning Area – Socioeconomic Status Vulnerability Source: CDC Social Vulnerability Index – map retrieved 4/26/2023 Packet Page No. 342
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Figure 4-4 Tri-City Planning Area – Household Composition and Disabilities Social Vulnerability
Source: CDC Social Vulnerability Index – map retrieved 4/26/2023 Packet Page No. 343
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Figure 4-5 Tri-City Planning Area – Minority/Language Social Vulnerability Source: CDC Social Vulnerability Index – map retrieved 4/26/2023 Packet Page No. 344
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Figure 4-6 Tri-City Planning Area – Housing/Transportation Social Vulnerability Source: CDC Social Vulnerability Index – map retrieved 4/26/2023 California DWR Disadvantaged Community Mapping Tool
The State of California’s Proposition 1 Disadvantaged Community (DAC) Involvement Program is designated to ensure the involvement of DACs as well as Economically Distressed Areas and Underrepresented Communities, which DWR collectively refers to as DACs. The Cal DWR definition for a Disadvantaged Community is a community with an annual median household income (MHI) that is less than 80% of the Statewide annual MHI (PRC Section 75005(g)), and those census geographies with an annual MHI less than 60% of the Statewide annual MHI are considered “Severely Disadvantaged Communities”. Those areas in the Planning Area considered disadvantaged are shown in Figure 4-7.

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Figure 4-7 Tri-City Planning Area – Disadvantaged Areas Source: Cal DWR DAC Mapping Tool – retrieved 4/26/2023
FEMA Community Disaster Resilience Zones
Community Disaster Resilience Zones aim to build and strengthen community resilience across the nation by driving federal, public, and private resources to the most at-risk and in-need communities. The Community Disaster Resilience Zones Act uses FEMA’s National Risk Index to identify the most at-risk and in-need communities to identify resilience zones. Designated zones will be prioritized for targeted federal support, such as increased cost-share for resilience and mitigation projects, lessening the financial burden on communities to perform resilience-related activities. On September 6, 2023, FEMA announced the initial 483 designations in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Figure 4-8 shows these zones in teal green.

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Figure 4-8 Tri-City Planning Area – FEMA Community Disaster Resilience Zones Source: FEMA. Map retrieved 10/4/2023.

Local Input
A stakeholder attended Planning Committee meetings that represented an organization that coordinates lifelong services and support for individuals with developmental disabilities and their families in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties. This organization serves all ages and income groups, covering all the diagnoses and severities therein that constitute developmental disability in California, including but not limited to intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and traumatic brain injury sustained before age 18. The organization noted that clients have a wide range of needs and functionalities: On one end of the spectrum, many high functioning folks may need minimal assistance from independent living service providers; others may have severe medical needs requiring specialized care or living situations. Currently (as of late 2023), in the catchment of Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, the organization serves a total of 24,564 clients, partners with 932 vendors, and employs 469 staff. In the Tri-Cities operational area of Fremont, Union City and Newark this organization has:
➢ 2,710 clients residing
➢ 131 vendors operating
➢ 18 staff residing
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While this is not wholly representative of the area, it does give an indication of the available resources and additional needs in this area during times of emergencies or evacuations.

Structures
Structures include buildings used for a variety of purposes and reflect the Tri-City Planning Area’s existing built environment. Depending on the nature and extent of a hazard event or disaster, all structures may be exposed to some level of risk, where certain buildings or concentrations of buildings are more vulnerable.

This section captures the structures, and associated land and contents values, which comprise the Tri-City Planning Area’s existing built environment.

Parcel and Structure Inventory and Assessed Values
An inventory of structures located within the Tri-City Planning Area was developed utilizing data from the Alameda County Assessor’s Office is based on the 2023 Assessor’s data/Parcel layer provided by the City of Fremont GIS. This data provided by Fremont represents best available data.

While conducting an inventory of structure assets within the Tri-City Planning Area is a key element of this asset inventory, understanding the total assessed value of structures and built environment is a starting point to understanding the overall value of identified assets in the Tri-City Planning Area. When the total assessed values are combined with potential values associated with other community assets such as area populations, public and private critical infrastructure, historic and cultural resources, and natural resources, and other identified assets, the big picture emerges as to what is potentially at risk and vulnerable to the damaging effects of natural hazards within the Tri-City Planning Area.

Methodology
Data from the Alameda County Assessor’s Office is based on the 2023 Assessor’s data provided by the City of Fremont GIS (including the associated parcel layer) as the basis for the inventory of assessed values for both improved and unimproved parcels within the Tri-City Planning Area. This data provides the land and improved values assessed for each parcel, along with key information such as property use. Other GIS data, such as jurisdictional boundaries, roads, streams, and area features, was also obtained from Alameda County and CalAtlas to support mapping and analysis of values at risk.

Data Limitations & Notations
Although based on best available data, the resulting information should only be used as an initial guide to overall values in the Tri-City Planning Area. In the event of a disaster, structures and other infrastructure improvements are at the greatest risk of damage. Depending on the type of hazard and resulting damages, the land itself may not suffer a significant loss. For that reason, the values of structures and other improvements are of greatest concern. Also, it is critical to note a specific limitation to the assessed values data within the Tri-City Planning Area, created by Proposition 13. Instead of adjusting property values annually, no adjustments are made until a property transfer occurs. As a result, overall property value information is likely significantly low and does not reflect current market, replacement, or true potential loss values for properties within the Tri-City Planning Area.

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Property Use Categories
The Tri-City Planning Area used the Alameda County property use code which provides detailed descriptive information about how each property is generally used, such as residential, commercial, or industrial. The property use codes were refined and categorized into the following land use categories and linked back to the Assessor data. The final property use categories for the Tri-City Planning Area include:
➢ Agricultural
➢ Commercial
➢ Government/ Institutional
➢ Industrial
➢ Recreational
➢ Residential
➢ Unknown
➢ Utilities
➢ Vacant
Once property uses were grouped into categories, the number of total and improved parcels and land and improved values were inventoried for the Tri-City Planning Area by property use.

Estimated Content Replacement Values
The Tri-City Planning Area assigned property use categories were used to develop estimated content replacement values (CRVs) that are potentially at loss from hazards. FEMA’s standard CRV factors, derived from Hazus, were utilized to develop more accurate loss estimates for the total assets inventory and for all mapped hazard analyses. FEMA’s CRV factors estimate content values as a percent of improved structure value by property use. Table 4-8 shows the breakdown of the different property uses in the TriCity Planning Area and their estimated CRV factors.

Table 4-8 Tri-City Planning Area – Content Replacement Factors by Land Use Tri-City Planning Area Property Use Categories Hazus Property Use Categories
Hazus Content
Replacement Values
Agricultural Agricultural 100%
Commercial Commercial 100%
Government/ Institutional Government / Institutional 100% Industrial Industrial 150%
Recreational Recreational 100%
Residential Residential 50%
Unknown Land Use code not provided 0%
Utilities Utilities 100%
Vacant Vacant 0%
Source: Hazus 6.0
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Parcel and Structure Asset Inventory with Values Results Table 4-9 shows the total number of parcels with land and improved structure values in the Tri-City Planning Area, and also includes estimated CRVs (using CRV multipliers from Table 4-8). Inclusion of contents values are important as potential losses to the Tri-City Planning Area include the value of land, structures, and their contents. Table 4-10 breaks down Table 4-9, and shows structures and values by property use type.

Table 4-9 Tri-City Planning Area – Total Parcels (and Structures) by City Jurisdiction Total
Parcel
Count
Improved
Parcel
Count
Total Land
Value
Improved
Structure
Value
Estimated
Contents
Value
Total Value
Fremont 84,266 78,131 $22,712,502,142 $45,456,642,623 $28,195,564,652 $96,364,709,417 Newark 17,158 15,386 $4,189,904,213 $8,224,263,130 $5,492,729,099 $17,906,896,442 Union City 18,602 17,489 $3,996,792,589 $8,661,754,456 $5,431,407,191 $18,089,954,236 Source: Alameda County Parcel/Assessor Data (Source: City of Fremont, May 2023) Table 4-10 Tri-City Planning Area – Parcels (and Structures) by City and Property Use Jurisdiction/
Property Use
Total
Parcel
Count
Improved
Parcel
Count
Total Land
Value
Improved
Structure
Value
Estimated
Contents
Value
Total Value
City of Fremont
Agricultural 91 24 $39,564,089 $12,931,362 $12,931,362 $65,426,813 Commercial 2,062 1,340 $2,520,330,754 $4,584,208,161 $4,584,208,161 $11,688,747,076 Government/
Institutional
1,857 123 $120,781,680 $304,124,550 $304,124,550 $729,030,780 Industrial 719 690 $1,890,435,012 $3,165,127,004 $4,747,690,484 $9,803,252,500 Recreational 19 19 $41,635,310 $68,889,487 $68,889,487 $179,414,284 Residential 78,001 75,760 $17,362,070,930 $36,955,440,288 $18,477,720,608 $72,795,231,826 Unknown 40 2 $18,802,053 $200,468 $0 $19,002,521
Utilities 215 0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Vacant 1,262 173 $718,882,314 $365,721,303 $0 $1,084,603,617 Fremont
Total
84,266 78,131 $22,712,502,142 $45,456,642,623 $28,195,564,652 $96,364,709,417 Newark
Agricultural 28 1 $2,768,344 $3,339,480 $3,339,480 $9,447,304 Commercial 419 317 $581,449,066 $1,048,313,365 $1,048,313,365 $2,678,075,796 Government/
Institutional
343 17 $13,310,796 $15,447,837 $15,447,837 $44,206,470
Industrial 109 96 $393,851,894 $854,367,320 $1,281,550,982 $2,529,770,196 Recreational 3 3 $1,480,029 $1,214,920 $1,214,920 $3,909,869 Packet Page No. 350
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Jurisdiction/
Property Use
Total
Parcel
Count
Improved
Parcel
Count
Total Land
Value
Improved
Structure
Value
Estimated
Contents
Value
Total Value
Residential 15,596 14,928 $2,936,444,332 $6,285,725,093 $3,142,862,515 $12,365,031,940 Unknown 21 1 $24,055,983 $42,970 $0 $24,098,953
Utilities 87 0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Vacant 552 23 $236,543,769 $15,812,145 $0 $252,355,914
Newark
Total
17,158 15,386 $4,189,904,213 $8,224,263,130 $5,492,729,099 $17,906,896,442 Union City
Agricultural 34 2 $6,794,825 $820,905 $820,905 $8,436,635 Commercial 519 376 $675,368,003 $1,418,642,264 $1,418,642,264 $3,512,652,531 Government/
Institutional
492 26 $9,738,397 $35,289,834 $35,289,834 $80,318,065
Industrial 115 102 $219,186,383 $374,055,166 $561,082,747 $1,154,324,296 Recreational 0 0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Residential 17,162 16,971 $2,943,598,549 $6,831,142,968 $3,415,571,441 $13,190,312,958 Unknown 21 0 $28,325,088 $0 $0 $28,325,088
Utilities 108 0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Vacant 151 12 $113,781,344 $1,803,319 $0 $115,584,663
Union City
Total
18,602 17,489 $3,996,792,589 $8,661,754,456 $5,431,407,191 $18,089,954,236 Grand Total 120,026 111,006 $30,899,198,944 $62,342,660,209 $39,119,700,942 $132,361,560,095 Source: Alameda County Parcel/Assessor Data (Source: City of Fremont, May 2023) In addition to the tables above broken out by city, an analysis was done on the Alameda County Water District and Union Sanitary District. Each District has a discrete Service Territory. While the Districts do not own or control these parcels, the tables below represent the values served by each District.

Table 4-11 shows the total number of parcels with land and improved structure values in the Tri-City Planning Area Special District Service Territories, and also includes estimated CRVs (using CRV multipliers from Table 4-8). Inclusion of contents values are important as potential losses to the Tri-City Planning Area include the value of land, structures, and their contents. Table 4-12 breaks down Table 4-11, and shows structures and values by property use type.

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Table 4-11 Tri-City Planning Area Special Districts – Total Parcels (and Structures) by District Service Territory
Jurisdiction Total
Parcel
Count
Improved
Parcel
Count
Total Land
Value
Improved
Structure
Value
Estimated
Contents
Value
Total Value
Alameda
County Water
District
119,877 111,009 $30,901,173,264 $62,418,322,230 $39,244,143,037 $132,563,638,531 Union
Sanitary
District
119,360 110,959 $30,745,200,592 $62,302,924,296 $39,102,836,096 $132,150,960,984 Source: Alameda County Parcel/Assessor Data (Source: City of Fremont, May 2023) Table 4-12 Tri-City Planning Area Special Districts – Parcels (and Structures) by District Service Territory and Property Use
Jurisdiction/
Property Use
Total
Parcel
Count
Improved
Parcel
Count
Total Land
Value
Improved
Structure
Value
Estimated
Contents
Value
Total Value
Alameda County Water District
Agricultural 53 7 $16,442,387 $7,438,417 $7,438,417 $31,319,221 Commercial 3,056 2,081 $3,828,036,456 $7,120,221,091 $7,120,221,091 $18,068,478,638 Government/
Institutional
2,661 153 $142,695,179 $332,087,624 $332,087,624 $806,870,427 Industrial 962 906 $2,538,777,927 $4,461,824,810 $6,692,737,190 $13,693,339,927 Recreational 22 22 $43,115,339 $70,104,407 $70,104,407 $183,324,153 Residential 110,730 107,631 $23,218,640,593 $50,043,107,838 $25,021,554,308 $98,283,302,739 Unknown 74 3 $56,368,859 $243,438 $0 $56,612,297
Utilities 401 0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Vacant 1,918 206 $1,057,096,524 $383,294,605 $0 $1,440,391,129 Alameda
County
Water
District
Total
119,877 111,009 $30,901,173,264 $62,418,322,230 $39,244,143,037 $132,563,638,531 Union Sanitary District
Agricultural 29 7 $8,869,831 $4,301,506 $4,301,506 $17,472,843 Commercial 3,022 2,062 $3,791,992,287 $7,084,172,903 $7,084,172,903 $17,960,338,093 Government/
Institutional
2,403 163 $143,596,513 $343,413,315 $343,413,315 $830,423,143 Industrial 939 888 $2,494,986,453 $4,392,125,050 $6,588,187,553 $13,475,299,056 Recreational 22 22 $43,115,339 $70,104,407 $70,104,407 $183,324,153 Residential 110,644 107,609 $23,191,476,225 $50,025,312,042 $25,012,656,412 $98,229,444,679 Unknown 74 2 $47,127,141 $200,468 $0 $47,327,609
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Jurisdiction/
Property Use
Total
Parcel
Count
Improved
Parcel
Count
Total Land
Value
Improved
Structure
Value
Estimated
Contents
Value
Total Value
Utilities 393 0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Vacant 1,834 206 $1,024,036,803 $383,294,605 $0 $1,407,331,408 Union
Sanitary
District
Total
119,360 110,959 $30,745,200,592 $62,302,924,296 $39,102,836,096 $132,150,960,984 Source: Alameda County Parcel/Assessor Data (Source: City of Fremont, May 2023) Critical Facilities and Infrastructure and Community Lifelines Beyond just structures, it is important to identify the critical facilities and infrastructure, and community lifelines that are critical for life safety and the economy. This is done for the Tri-City Planning Area in the below sections.

Critical Facilities and Infrastructure
Critical facilities commonly include all public and private facilities that a community considers essential for the delivery of vital services and for the protection of the community. These usually include emergency response facilities (fire stations, police stations, rescue squads, and emergency operation centers [EOCs]), custodial facilities (jails and other detention centers, long-term care facilities, hospitals, and other health care facilities), schools, emergency shelters, utilities (water supply, wastewater treatment facilities, and power), communications facilities, and any other assets determined by the community to be of critical importance for the protection of the health and safety of the population.

For purposes of this LHMP two definitions were used, one for the City of Fremont and one for the other four jurisdictions. Those definitions, as well as maps and tables showing locations of critical facilities, can be found in each participating jurisdiction’s respective annex to this LHMP Update.

Community Lifelines
Assessing the vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area to natural hazards and disasters also involves reviewing and inventorying the community lifelines in place that could be affected. It is important to include these items in hazard discussions as the continuous operation of critical government and business functions is essential to human health and safety and/or economic security. Information on community lifelines include:
➢ Lifelines are the most fundamental services in the community that, when stabilized, enable all other aspects of society to function.
➢ FEMA has developed a construct for objectives-based response that prioritizes the rapid stabilization of Community Lifelines after a disaster.
➢ The integrated network of assets, services, and capabilities that provide lifeline services are used dayto-day to support the recurring needs of the community and enable all other aspects of society to function.

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➢ When disrupted, decisive intervention (e.g., rapid re-establishment or employment of contingency response solutions) is required to stabilize the incident.

For this Plan, Community Lifelines includes the following (as defined by FEMA):
➢ Safety and Security – Law Enforcement/Security, Fire Service, Search and Rescue, Government Service, Community Safety
➢ Food, Hydration, Shelter – Food, Water, Shelter, Agriculture ➢ Health and Medical – Medical Care, Public Health, Patient Movement, Medical Supply Chain, Fatality Management
➢ Energy – Power Grid, Fuel
➢ Communications – Infrastructure, Responder Communications, Alerts Warnings and Messages, Finance, 911 and Dispatch
➢ Transportation – Highway/Roadway/Motor Vehicle, Mass Transit, Railway, Aviation, Maritime ➢ Hazardous Material – Facilities, HAZMAT, Pollutants, Contaminants ➢ Water Systems – Potable Water Infrastructure, Wastewater Management In the Tri-City Planning Area, these community lifelines are all in place and functional as part of regular government operations. It should also be noted that these community lifelines collectively include many of the individual components of other community assets inventoried for this LHMP including structures and critical facilities and infrastructure.

Specific information on these community lifelines in the Tri-City Planning Area and how they may be affected by a hazard event or disaster are discussed in more detail in each hazard section below as well as in each jurisdictional annex to this Base Plan.

Natural, Historical, and Cultural Resources
Assessing the vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area to disaster also involves inventorying the natural, historic, and cultural assets of the area. This step is important for the following reasons:
➢ The community may decide that these types of resources warrant a greater degree of protection due to their unique and irreplaceable nature and contribution to the overall economy. ➢ If these resources are impacted by a disaster, knowing so ahead of time allows for more prudent care in the immediate aftermath, when the potential for additional impacts are higher. ➢ The rules for reconstruction, restoration, rehabilitation, and/or replacement are often different for these types of designated resources.
➢ Natural resources can have beneficial functions that reduce the impacts of natural hazards, such as wetlands and riparian habitat, which help absorb and attenuate floodwaters.

Natural Resources
The Tri-City Planning Area contains a variety of natural resources. The sections below discuss key natural resources that fall within the Tri-City Planning Area that are potentially at risk to a hazard event. More information on natural resources specific to each jurisdiction can be found in their respective annexes to this LHMP Update.

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Wetlands and their Natural and Beneficial Functions
Wetlands are habitats in which soils are intermittently or permanently saturated or inundated. Wetland habitats vary from rivers to seasonal ponding of alkaline flats and include swamps, bogs, marshes, vernal pools, and riparian woodlands. Wetlands are considered to be waters of the United States and are subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as well as the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). Where the waters provide habitat for federally endangered species, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service may also have authority.

Wetlands are a valuable natural resource for communities providing beneficial impact to water quality, wildlife protection, recreation, and education, and play an important role in hazard mitigation. Wetlands provide drought relief in water-scarce areas where the relationship between water storage and streamflow regulation is vital, and reduce flood peaks and slowly release floodwaters to downstream areas. When surface runoff is dampened, the erosive powers of the water are greatly diminished. Furthermore, the reduction in the velocity of inflowing water as it passes through a wetland helps remove sediment being transported by the water.

Wetlands are often found in floodplains and depressional areas of a watershed. Many wetlands receive and store floodwaters, thus slowing and reducing downstream flow. Wetlands perform a variety of ecosystem functions including food web support, habitat for insects and other invertebrates, fish and wildlife habitat, filtering of waterborne and dry-deposited anthropogenic pollutants, carbon storage, water flow regulation (e.g., flood abatement), groundwater recharge, and other human and economic benefits.

Wetlands, and other riparian and sensitive areas, provide habitat for insects and other invertebrates that are critical food sources to a variety of wildlife species, particularly birds. There are species that depend on these areas during all parts of their lifecycle for food, overwintering, and reproductive habitat. Other species use wetlands and riparian areas for one or two specific functions or parts of the lifecycle, most commonly for food resources. In addition, these areas produce substantial plant growth that serves as a food source to herbivores (wild and domesticated) and a secondary food source to carnivores.

Wetlands slow the flow of water through the vegetation and soil, and pollutants are often held in the soil.

In addition, because the water is slowed, sediments tend to fall out, thus improving water quality and reducing turbidity downstream.

These natural floodplain functions associated with the natural or relatively undisturbed floodplain that moderates flooding, such as wetland areas, are critical for maintaining water quality, recharging groundwater, reducing erosion, redistributing sand and sediment, and providing fish and wildlife habitat.

Preserving and protecting these areas and associated functions are a vital component of sound floodplain management practices for the Planning Area.

Wetlands in the Tri-City Planning Area are shown in Figure 4-9. Tables of wetlands are shown in the respective jurisdictional annexes to this Plan Update.

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Figure 4-9 Tri-City Planning Area – Wetland Areas
Critical Species
To further understand natural resources that may be particularly vulnerable to a hazard event, as well as those that need consideration when implementing mitigation activities, it is important to identify at-risk species (i.e., endangered species) in the Tri-City Planning Area. An endangered species is any species of fish, plant life, or wildlife that is in danger of extinction throughout all or most of its range. A threatened species is a species that is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. Both endangered and threatened species are protected by law and any future hazard mitigation projects are subject to these laws. Candidate species are plants and animals that have been proposed as endangered or threatened but are not currently listed. There are many federal endangered, threatened, or candidate species in or near the Planning Area. The California Natural Diversity Database was searched for listed species. The Tri-City Planning Area contained 237 species in Alameda County. These species are listed in Table 4-13. Additional specific information for the Planning Area is included in Appendix E.

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Table 4-13 Tri-City Planning Area – Threatened and Endangered Species in Alameda County Type Number
Animals - Amphibians 3
Animals - Birds 54
Animals – Crustaceans 6
Animals - Fish 18
Animals - Insects 21
Animals - Mammals 17
Animals – Mollusks 3
Animals – Reptiles 7
Community – Terrestrial 12
Plants – Bryophytes 3
Plants – Vascular 93
Source: California Natural Diversity Database
Historical and Cultural Resources
To inventory these resources, information was collected from the California Department of Parks and Recreation Office of Historic Preservation (OHP).

OHP Historical Resources
The California OHP is responsible for the administration of federally and state mandated historic preservation programs to further the identification, evaluation, registration, and protection of California’s irreplaceable archaeological and historical resources. OHP administers the National Register of Historic Places, the California Register of Historical Resources, California Historical Landmarks, and the California Points of Historical Interest programs. Each program has different eligibility criteria and procedural requirements.
➢ The National Register of Historic Places is the nation’s official list of cultural resources worthy of preservation. The National Register is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect historic and archeological resources. Properties listed include districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that are significant in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture. The National Register is administered by the National Park Service, which is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior. ➢ The California Register of Historical Resources program encourages public recognition and protection of resources of architectural, historical, archeological, and cultural significance and identifies historical resources for state and local planning purposes; determines eligibility for state historic preservation grant funding; and affords certain protections under the California Environmental Quality Act. The Register is the authoritative guide to the state’s significant historical and archeological resources.
➢ California Historical Landmarks are sites, buildings, features, or events that are of statewide significance and have anthropological, cultural, military, political, architectural, economic, scientific Packet Page No. 357
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or technical, religious, experimental, or other value. Landmarks #770 and above are automatically listed in the California Register of Historical Resources. ➢ California Points of Historical Interest are sites, buildings, features, or events that are of local (city or county) significance and have anthropological, cultural, military, political, architectural, economic, scientific or technical, religious, experimental, or other value. Points designated after December 1997 and recommended by the State Historical Resources Commission are also listed in the California Register.

Based on these sources, there are nine historic properties in the Tri-City Planning Area. This is shown in Table 4-14. More information on historic properties in each jurisdiction can be found in their respective annexes to this LHMP Update.

Table 4-14 Tri-City Planning Area – Historical Resources Resource Name (Plaque Number)
National
Register
State
Landmark
California
Register
Point of
Interest Date Listed City
Alvarado School (P504) X 7/27/1977 Union City
California Nursery Co. Guest House
(N73)
X 5/6/1971 Fremont
Leland Stanford Winery (642) X 4/28/1958 Fremont
Mission San Jose (334) X X 8/8/1939 Fremont
Patterson, George Washington, Ranch-
-Ardenwood (N1405)
X 11/29/1985 Fremont
Site Of First County Courthouse (503) X 7/31/1953 Union City Site Of Nation's First Successful Beet
Sugar Factory (768)
X 11/3/1961 Union City
Vallejo Flour Mill (46) X 12/6/1932 Fremont
Washington Union High School
(N975)
X 10/5/1981 Fremont
Source: California Department of Parks and Recreation Office of Historic Preservation, http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/ It should be noted that these lists may not be complete, as they may not include those currently in the nomination process and not yet listed. Additionally, as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), any property over 50 years of age is considered a historic resource and is potentially eligible for the National Register. Thus, in the event that the property is to be altered, or has been altered, as the result of a major federal action, the property must be evaluated under the guidelines set forth by CEQA and NEPA. Structural mitigation projects are considered alterations for the purpose of this regulation.

Economic Assets and Community Activities of Value
Assessing the vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area to natural hazards and disasters also involves inventorying the economic assets and community activities of value to the Tri-City Planning Area.

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Economic Assets
After a disaster, economic resiliency is one of the major drivers of a speedy recovery. Each community has specific economic drivers. These include:
➢ Primary Economic Sectors
➢ Major employers
➢ Commercial Centers
More information on economic assets can be found in the respective jurisdictional annexes to this Base Plan.

Community Activities of Value
Inventorying economic assets in the Tri-City Planning Area and their vulnerability to natural hazards and disasters also involves inventorying activities that have value to the community. This includes activities that are important to a community, like long-standing traditions such as a festival or fair. Some areas rely on seasonal industries to sustain them throughout the year. Many of these activities provide economic benefits to the Planning Area. A hazard event that cancels or shortens these can affect a community’s livelihood and can make disaster recovery more difficult or prolonged. This includes activities such as:
➢ Festivals and Fairs
➢ Sporting Events
➢ Tourism
More information on community activities of value assets can be found in the respective jurisdictional annexes to this Base Plan.

4.2.2. Growth and Development Trends
Growth and development trends in each jurisdiction in the Tri-City Planning area is discussed in each TriCity jurisdiction’s annex to this LHMP Update.

Development since 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs
Development since the 2016/2017/2022 LHMPs is discussed in each Tri-City jurisdiction’s annex to this LHMP Update.

Future Development
Future development is discussed in each Tri-City jurisdiction’s annex to this LHMP Update.

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4.3 Hazard Profiles and Vulnerability Assessment
44 CFR §201.6(c)(2)(i): [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the…location and extent of all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction. The plan shall include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events. 44 CFR §201.6(c)(2)(ii): [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the jurisdiction’s vulnerability to the hazards described in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section. This description shall include an overall summary of each hazard and its impact on the community. 44 CFR §201.6(c)(2)(ii)(A): The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of the types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in the identified hazard areas.
44 CFR §201.6(c)(2)(ii)(B): [The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of an] estimate of the potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures identified in paragraph (c)(2)(i)(A) of this section and a description of the methodology used to prepare the estimate. 44 CFR §201.6(c)(2)(ii)(C): [The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of] providing a general description of land uses and development trends within the community so that mitigation options can be considered in future land use decisions.

The hazards identified in Section 4.1 Hazard Identification, are profiled individually in this section. The Hazard Profiles set the stage for the Vulnerability Assessment, where the vulnerability is quantified, as data allows, for each of the identified hazards.

Hazard Profiles Methodology
Each hazard is profiled in the following format:
➢ Hazard/Problem Description—This section gives a description of the hazard and associated issues followed by details on the hazard specific to the Tri-City Planning Area. Where known, this includes information on the hazard extent, location, seasonal patterns, speed of onset/duration, and magnitude and/or any secondary effects.
➢ Past Occurrences—This section contains information on historical incidents, including impacts where known. Hazard research, historical incident worksheets and other input from the Planning Committee were used to capture information on past occurrences.
➢ Likelihood of Future Occurrence—The frequency of past events is used in this section to gauge the likelihood of future occurrences. Where possible, frequency was calculated based on existing data. It was determined by dividing the number of events observed by the number of years on record and multiplying by 100. This gives the percent chance of the event happening in any given year (e.g., three droughts over a 30-year period equates to a 10 percent chance of a experiencing a drought in any given year). The likelihood of future occurrences is categorized into one of the following classifications:
✓ Highly Likely—Near 100 percent chance of occurrence in next year or happens every year. ✓ Likely—Between 10 and 100 percent chance of occurrence in next year or has a recurrence interval of 10 years or less.

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✓ Occasional—Between 1 and 10 percent chance of occurrence in the next year or has a recurrence interval of 11 to 100 years.
✓ Unlikely—Less than 1 percent chance of occurrence in next 100 years or has a recurrence interval of greater than every 100 years.
➢ Climate Change—This section contains the effects of climate change (as applicable). The possible influence of climate change on the hazard is discussed.

Vulnerability Assessment Methodology
With the Tri-City’s hazards identified and profiled, a vulnerability assessment was conducted to describe the vulnerability and impact that each hazard would have on the Tri-City Planning Area. The vulnerability assessment quantifies, to the extent feasible using best available data, assets at risk to identified hazards and estimates potential losses. This section focuses on the vulnerabilities of the Tri-City Planning Area as a whole.

As part of the vulnerability assessment, an estimate of the vulnerability of the Tri-City Planning Area to each identified hazard, in addition to the estimate of risk of future occurrence, is provided in each of the hazard-specific sections that follow. Vulnerability is measured in general, qualitative terms and is a summary of the potential impact based on past occurrences, spatial extent, and damage and casualty potential. It is categorized into the following classifications:
➢ Extremely Low—The occurrence and potential cost of damage to life and property is very minimal to nonexistent.
➢ Low—Minimal potential impact. The occurrence and potential cost of damage to life and property is minimal.
➢ Medium—Moderate potential impact. This ranking carries a moderate threat level to the general population and/or built environment. Here the potential damage is more isolated and less costly than a more widespread disaster.
➢ High—Widespread potential impact. This ranking carries a high threat to the general population and/or built environment. The potential for damage is widespread. Hazards in this category may have occurred in the past.
➢ Extremely High—Very widespread with catastrophic impact.

Existing Built Environment and Assets at Risk
Vulnerability can be quantified in those instances where there is a known, identified hazard area, such as a mapped floodplain. In these instances, the numbers and types of assets subject to the identified hazard can be counted and their values tabulated. Other information can be collected in regard to the hazard area, such as the location of critical facilities, historic structures, and valued natural resources. Together, this information conveys the impact, or vulnerability, of the Tri-City Planning Area to that hazard.

The vulnerability assessment identified eight hazards in the Tri-City Planning Area for which specific geographical hazard areas have been defined and for which sufficient data exists to support a quantifiable vulnerability analysis. These eight hazards are:
➢ Coastal Flooding and Sea Level Rise
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➢ Dam Failure
➢ Earthquake (Liquefaction and Earthquake-Induced Landslide) ➢ Flood
➢ Landslide
➢ Levee Failure
➢ Tsunami
➢ Wildfire
These hazards were analyzed using GIS and Tri-City data.

The vulnerability and potential impacts from the seven priority hazards that do not have specific mapped areas nor the data to support additional vulnerability analysis are discussed in more general terms. These include:
➢ Climate Change
➢ Drought and Water Shortage
➢ Flood: Localized/Stormwater
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze
➢ Severe Weather: Extreme Heat
➢ Severe Weather: Heavy Rain and Storms
➢ Severe Weather: High Winds and Tornadoes
➢ Subsidence
Power Outages/Failure: A Common Vulnerability of all Hazards An additional impact or vulnerability common to most all hazards is power outage or power failure. The US power grid crisscrosses the country, bringing electricity to homes, offices, factories, warehouses, farms, traffic lights and even campgrounds. According to statistics gathered by the Department of Energy, major blackouts are on the upswing. Over the past two decades, blackouts impacting at least 50,000 customers have increased 124 percent. The electric power industry does not have a universal agreement for classifying disruptions. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that different types of outages are possible so that plans may be made to handle them effectively. Electric power disruptions can be generally grouped into two categories: intentional and unintentional.

Intentional Disruptions
There are four types of intentional disruptions:
➢ Planned: Some disruptions are intentional and can be scheduled based maintenance or upgrading needs.
➢ Unscheduled: Some intentional disruptions must be done "on the spot." in response to an emergency. ➢ Demand-Side Management: Some customers (i.e., on the demand side) have entered into an agreement with their utility provider to curtail their demand for electricity during periods of peak system loads.
➢ Load Shedding: When the power system is under extreme stress due to heavy demand and/or failure of critical components, it is sometimes necessary to intentionally interrupt the service to selected customers to prevent the entire system from collapsing, resulting in rolling blackouts.

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The California Independent System Operator (CAISO) is tasked with managing the power distribution grid that supplies most of California, except in areas served by municipal utilities. CAISO is thus the entity that coordinates statewide flow of electrical supply. CAISO uses a series of stage alerts to the media based on system conditions. The alerts are:
➢ Stage 1 – reserve margin falls below 7 percent
➢ Stage 2 – reserve margin falls below 5 percent
➢ Stage 3 – reserve margin falls below 1.5 percent
Rotating blackouts become a possibility when Stage 3 is reached. Rotating outages and/or blackouts such as those experienced in 2000/2001 and 2006 can occur due to losses in transmission or generation and/or extremely severe temperatures that lead to heavy electric power consumption. Key California events include the following:

On January 17, 2001, CAISO declared a Stage 3 Emergency and notified the then Governor’s Office of Emergency Services that PG&E was dropping firm load of 500 megawatts (MW) in Northern California leading to rolling blackouts. Cal OES, in turn, issued an Electrical Emergency Message to all Emergency Services Agencies to prepare for rolling blackouts. This scenario was repeated the following day, January 18, 2001, and again on March 19, 2001.

A July 2006 heat storm event affected the entire state as well as most of the West, producing record energy demand levels in California. The State was able to avoid rotating outages due to a combination of favorable factors that included no major transmission outages, lower than typical generator outages, significant customer response to pleas for energy conservation, high imports from the Pacific Northwest despite unusually high loads, outstanding cooperation among western control area operators, and prompt response to fires that potentially threatened major interties. However, the event brought to light the vulnerability of the electric distribution system, as over 3,500 distribution transformers failed, leaving over two million customers without power at various times over the ten-day event, many for several hours and a small minority for up to three days.

In 2020, the state battled both extreme heat and wildfires. As a result of extreme heat, the CAISO declared a Stage 3 emergency. PG&E initiated rotating outages in August at the request of California's grid operator.

The outages, which impacted 220,000 customers, occurred during periods of high heat. These rolling blackouts lasted less than a week.

Unintentional Disruptions
Unintentional or unplanned disruptions are outages that come with essentially no advance notice. This type of disruption can be the most problematic. The following are categories of unplanned disruptions:
➢ Accident by the utility, utility contractor, or others ➢ Malfunction or equipment failure
➢ Equipment overload (utility company or customer)
➢ Reduced capability (equipment that cannot operate within its design criteria) ➢ Tree contact other than from storms
➢ Vandalism or intentional damage
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➢ Wildfire that damages transmission lines
Public Safety Power Shutoff
A new intentional disruption type of power shortage/failure event has recently occurred in California. In recent years, several wildfires have started as a result of downed power lines or electrical equipment. This was the case for the Camp Fire in 2018. As a result, California’s three largest energy companies (including PG&E), at the direction of the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), coordinated to prepare all Californians for the threat of wildfires and power outages during times of extreme weather. To help protect customers and communities during extreme weather events, electric power may be shut off for public safety in an effort to prevent a wildfire. This is called a Public Safety Power Shutoff (PSPS).

Public Safety Power Shutoff Criteria
The Wildfire Safety Operations Center (WSOC) monitors fire danger conditions across PG&E’s service area, including PSPS conditions. These factors include:
➢ A Red Flag Warning declared by the National Weather Service ➢ Low humidity levels generally 20% and below
➢ Forecasted sustained winds generally above 25 mph and wind gusts in excess of approximately 45 mph, depending on location and site-specific conditions such as temperature, terrain and local climate ➢ Condition of dry fuel on the ground and live vegetation (moisture content) ➢ On-the-ground, real time observations from PG&E’s WSOC and field observations from PG&E crews The most likely electric lines to be considered for shutting off for safety will be those that pass through areas that have been designated by the CPUC as at elevated (Tier 2) or extreme (Tier 3) risk for wildfire (seen on Figure 4-11). This includes both distribution and transmission lines. The specific area and number of affected customers will depend on forecasted weather conditions and which circuits PG&E needs to turn off for public safety. Although a customer may not live or work in a high fire-threat area, their power may also be shut off if their community relies upon a line that passes through an area experiencing extreme fire danger conditions. This means that any customer who receives electric service from PG&E should be prepared for a possible PSPS. PSPS events, while preventative in nature, can cause a variety of issues related to the lack of power to those impacted by the PSPS. For the Tri-City Planning Area, a significant concern is the impact to their communication systems as well as on other critical infrastructure and services.

PSPS events also cause concerns for certain vulnerable populations. As seen on Figure 4-11, the Tri-City has areas inside the Tier 2 and Tier 3 areas, as well as areas outside of them.

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Figure 4-10 State of California Tier 2 and 3 Areas
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PG&E noted that extreme weather threats can change quickly. When possible, PG&E will provide customers with advance notice prior to turning off the power, as well as updates until power is restored.

Timing of notifications (when possible) are:
➢ Approximately 48 hours before power is turned off
➢ Approximately 24 hours before power is turned off
➢ Just before power is turned off
➢ During the public safety outage
➢ Once power has been restored
According to records provided by jurisdictions in the Tri-City Planning Area, there have been past PSPS events. These are discussed in each jurisdiction’s respective annex to this Base Plan.

It was noted that PG&E is working to enhance its power network with Enhanced Powerline Safety Settings (EPSS) capable lines. EPSS are advanced safety settings. They allow PG&E powerlines to automatically turn off power within one-tenth of a second. This can happen when there is a hazard, like a tree branch falling into a powerline, which can cause a fire. These settings are in high fire-risk and surrounding areas.

These have not yet been installed in and near the Tri-City area, as PG&E focuses on other very high fire hazard areas in its service territory first. It is thought these EPSS capable lines will eventually come to the Tri-City Planning Area.

Climate Change and Power Outages/Failures (Energy Shortage) Changing climate is expected to bring more frequent and intense natural disasters. Key climate parameters are starting to move outside of historically observed variability at a rate that makes historical data a poor predictor of future climate. For example, the warmest years on record in California occurred in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2019. 2023 was a remarkably hot year as well. In addition, the 2016-2017 year broke the record as the wettest ever recorded in the northern Sierra Nevada Mountains.

Changes in temperatures, precipitation patterns, extreme events, and sea level rise have the potential to decrease the efficiency of thermal power plants and substations, decrease the capacity of transmission lines, render hydropower less reliable, spur an increase in electricity demand, and put energy infrastructure at risk of flooding.

With climate warming, higher costs from increased demand for cooling in the summer are expected to outweigh the decreases in heating costs in the cooler seasons. Hotter temperatures in California will mean more energy (typically measured in “cooling‐degree days”) needed to cool homes and businesses both during heat waves and on a daily basis, during the daytime peak of the diurnal temperature cycle. During future heat waves, historically cooler coastal cities (e.g., San Francisco and Los Angeles) are projected to experience greater relative increases in temperature, such that areas that never before relied on air conditioning will experience new cooling demands.

Secondary impacts of energy shortages are most often felt by vulnerable populations. For example, those who rely on electric power for life-saving medical equipment, such as respirators, are extremely vulnerable to power outages. Also, during periods of extreme heat emergencies, the elderly and the very young are more vulnerable to the loss of cooling systems requiring power sources.

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Additional impacts from a power disruption can also affect remote areas. This can affect evacuation messaging and coordination difficulties, and a reduction in firefighting capabilities due to lack of water access in more remote areas (especially for those on wells).

Hazard Profiles and Vulnerability Assessment by Hazard
The following sections provide the hazard profile and vulnerability assessments for each of the hazards identified in Section 4.1 Hazard Identification. The severe weather hazards are discussed first to paint the picture of the Tri-City’s Planning Area’s climate and hazard environment which often lead to other hazards such as flood and wildfire. The remainder of the hazards follow alphabetically.

Data Sources
The following data sources formed the basis for this Hazard Profile and Vulnerability Assessment portion of the Plan Update:
➢ 2018 and 2023 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan ➢ 2020 California Climate Adaptation Study
➢ 2023 Draft State Plan
➢ Alameda County Water District GIS
➢ Alameda County Water District staff
➢ ArkStorm at Tahoe – Stakeholder Perspectives on Vulnerabilities and Preparedness for an Extreme Storm Event in the Greater Lake Tahoe, Reno and Carson City Region. 2014. ➢ Bureau of Land Management
➢ CA DWR Best Available Maps
➢ CAL FIRE GIS datasets
➢ Cal OES
➢ Cal-Adapt
➢ Cal-Adapt – Annual Average of Acres Burned
➢ Cal-Adapt – Extended Drought Scenarios
➢ Cal-Adapt – Number of Extreme Heat Days by Year
➢ Cal-Adapt – Precipitation: Decadal Averages Map
➢ California Adaptation Planning Guide
➢ California Climate Adaptation Strategy (CAS) – 2021
➢ California Department of Water Resources
➢ California Department of Water Resources Best Available Maps ➢ California Department of Water Resources Division of Safety of Dams ➢ California Division of Mines and Geology
➢ California Geological Survey
➢ California Independent System Operator
➢ California Natural Resources Report in 2014
➢ California Office of Emergency Services – Dam Inundation Data ➢ California Public Utilities Commission
➢ California’s Drought of 2007-2009, An Overview. State of California Natural Resources Agency, California Department of Water Resources.
➢ City of Fremont GIS
➢ City of Fremont staff
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➢ City of Newark GIS
➢ City of Newark staff
➢ City of Union City GIS
➢ City of Union City staff
➢ Climate Change and Health Profile Report – Alameda County ➢ Climate Change and Health Profile Report (CCHPR) – Alameda County (2017) ➢ Department of Energy
➢ Existing plans and studies
➢ FEMA
➢ FEMA: Building Performance Assessment: Oklahoma and Kansas Tornadoes ➢ FEMA’s HAZUS-MH 6.0 GIS-based inventory data
➢ Integrated Regional Water Management Plan
➢ IPCC Fifth Assessment Synthesis Report (2014)
➢ Kenward, Alyson PhD, Adams-Smith, Dennis, and Raja, Urooj. Wildfires and Air Pollution – The Hidden Health Hazards of Climate Change. Climate Central. 2013. ➢ Levees in History: The Levee Challenge. Dr. Gerald E. Galloway, Jr., P.E., Ph.D., Water Policy Collaborative, University of Maryland, Visiting Scholar, USACE, IWR. ➢ Liu, J.C., Mickley, L.J., Sulprizio, M.P. et al. Climatic Change. 138: 655. doi:10.1007/s10584-016- 1762-6. 2016.
➢ Multi-Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, FEMA 1997 ➢ National Drought Mitigation Center
➢ National Drought Mitigation Center – Drought Impact Reporter ➢ National Integrated Drought Information System
➢ National Levee Database
➢ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Climatic Data Center ➢ National Weather Service
➢ National Weather Service XMAC site
➢ Natural Resource and Conservation Service
➢ NCDC
➢ NOAA Storm Prediction Center
➢ NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center
➢ Pacific Gas and Electric Company
➢ Personal interviews with planning team members and staff from each jurisdiction ➢ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
➢ Public Health Alliance of Southern California
➢ Public Policy Institute of California
➢ Scawthorn, C. 2018. "Fire following the Mw 7.05 HayWired earthquake scenario." Pp. 367-400 in The HayWired Earthquake Scenario --Engineering Implications, edited by Shane T. Detweiler and Anne M. Wein. Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017 -5013 -I -Q. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20175013
➢ Science Magazine
➢ Statewide GIS datasets from other agencies such as Cal OES, FEMA, USGS, CGS, Cal Atlas, and others
➢ U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Household Population Estimates ➢ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
➢ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s National Wetlands Inventory maps ➢ U.S. Geological Survey
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➢ U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
➢ United States Geological Survey Open File Report 2015‐3009 ➢ University of California
➢ US Army Corps of Engineers
➢ US Census Data from the American Housing Survey
➢ US Center for Disease Control
➢ USDA Forest Service Region 5
➢ USGS Bulletin 1847
➢ USGS National Earthquake Information Center
➢ USGS Publication 2014-3120
➢ Vaisala National Lightning Detection Network
➢ Western Regional Climate Center
➢ Wildfire Safety Operations Center
➢ Written descriptions of inventory and risks provided by staff from the Tri-City Planning Area jurisdictions

4.3.1. Severe Weather: General
Severe weather is generally any destructive weather event, but usually occurs throughout the Tri-City Planning Area as localized storms that bring heavy rain, lightning, and strong winds. The NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) has been tracking severe weather since 1950. Their Storm Events Database contains data on the following events shown on Figure 4-11.

Figure 4-11 NCDC Storm Events Database Period of Record Source: NCDC
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This database contains severe weather events that occurred in Alameda County between January 1, 1950, and December 31, 2022. These events affected the Tri-City Planning Area (as located in Alameda County) as a whole, and most likely affected the five participating jurisdictions as well. Table 4-15 summarizes these events for Alameda County.

Table 4-15 Alameda County NCDC Storm Events 1/1/1950-12/31/2022* Event Type Number
of Events
Deaths Deaths
(indirect)
Injuries Injuries
(indirect)
Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
Coastal Flood 3 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Debris Flow 16 0 0 0 0 $12,874,000 $0
Dense Fog 19 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Dense Smoke 8 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Excessive Heat 6 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Flash Flood 12 0 0 0 0 $100,000 $0
Flood 43 0 0 0 0 $44,325,500 $0
Frost/Freeze 4 0 0 0 0 $20,000 $400,000
Hail 14 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Heat 19 1 1 13 0 $30,000 $0
Heavy Rain 5 0 2 0 1 $60,000 $30,000
High Surf 1 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Heavy Snow 1 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
High Wind 88 1 0 1 0 $3,210,000 $0
Strong Wind 263 4 0 8 0 $3,753,800 $0
Thunderstorm Wind 2 0 0 0 0 $50,000 $0
Tornado 5 0 0 0 0 $275,000 $0
Tsunami 1 0 0 0 0 $50,000 $0
Wildfire 18 0 0 6 1 $10,000 $0
Winter Storm 6 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Total 534 6 3 28 2 $64,758,300 $430,000
Source: NCDC
*Note: Losses reflect totals for all impacted areas, some of which fell outside of the Planning Area and outside of Alameda County.

The NCDC table above summarizes severe weather events that occurred in greater Alameda County. Only a few of the events actually resulted in state and federal disaster declarations. It is interesting to note that different data sources capture different events during the same time period, and often display different information specific to the same events. While the Planning Committee recognizes these inconsistencies, they see the value this data provides in depicting the Planning Area’s “big picture” hazard environment.

As previously mentioned, many of Alameda County’s state and federal disaster declarations have been a result of severe weather. For this LHMP Update, severe weather is discussed in the following subsections:

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➢ Extreme Cold and Freeze
➢ Extreme Heat
➢ Heavy Rains and Storms
➢ High Winds and Tornadoes
The remainder of the hazards follow alphabetically.

4.3.2. Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze
Hazard Profile
This hazard profile contains multiple sections that detail how this hazard can affect the Tri-City Planning Area. These sections include a hazard/problem description; description of location and extent; past occurrences of this hazard; and how climate change can affect or influence this hazard.

It should be noted that this hazard was not initially identified by the Tri-City Planning Committee as a hazard of concern, but was added during the kickoff meeting to recognize the impact this hazard has on vulnerable and underserved populations, such as the homeless, low income, and other groups who often experience increased challenges during extreme cold and freeze events.

Hazard/Problem Description
According to the National Weather Service (NWS) and the Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), extreme cold often accompanies a winter storm or is left in its wake. In 2001, the NWS implemented an updated Wind Chill Temperature index (shown in Figure 4-12), which is reproduced below. This index was developed to describe the relative discomfort/danger resulting from the combination of wind and temperature. Wind chill is based on the rate of heat loss from exposed skin caused by wind and cold. As the wind increases, it draws heat from the body, driving down skin temperature and eventually the internal body temperature.

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Figure 4-12 Wind Chill Temperature Chart
Source: National Weather Service
Information on extreme cold and freeze from the WRCC coop station nearest the Tri-City Planning Area is shown below, as well as from the nearest NWS station. WRCC data goes further back in time (with a period of record from 1906 to 2016), while the NWS data is more recent (with a period of record from 1991 to 2022). The use of both datasets gives a more comprehensive look at weather normal and extremes.

Newark WRCC Weather Station, Period of Record 1906 to 2016 According to the WRCC, monthly average maximum temperatures in the coldest months (November through March) range from the low-40s to the mid-50s. The lowest recorded daily extreme was 21°F on December 22, 1922. In a typical year, maximum temperatures fall below 32°F on 6.5 days. Figure 4-13 shows the average daily high temperatures and extremes for the Tri-City Planning Area. Table 4-16 shows the record low temperatures by month for the Planning Area.

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Figure 4-13Tri-City Planning Area— Daily Temperature Averages and Extremes Source: Western Regional Climate Center, www.wrcc.dri.edu/. Retrieved 4/26/2023.

Table 4-16 Tri-City Planning Area – Record Low Temperatures 1906 to 2016 Month Record Low Date Month Record Low Date
January 22 1/5/1950 July 44 7/13/1942
February 26 2/1/1950 August 41 8/29/1942
March 25 3/2/1953 September 40 9/27/1948
April 32 4/10/1945 October 33 10/29/1946
May 35 5/1/1942 November 26 11/11/1946
June 41 6/26/1943 December 21 12/22/1990
Source: Western Regional Climate Center
Tri-City Planning Area – Oakland Museum NWS Station
According to the NWS, monthly average minimum temperatures in the coldest months (November through March) range from the low-40s to the mid-50s. The lowest recorded daily extreme was 26°F on December 9, 1972. Figure 4-14 shows the average daily low temperatures and extremes for the Planning Area. Table 4-17 shows the record low temperatures for the Planning Area.

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Figure 4-14 Tri-City Planning Area— Daily Temperature Averages and Extremes, 1991-2022 Source: National Weather Service XMAC site. Retrieved 4/26/2023.

Table 4-17 Tri-City Planning Area – Record Low Temperatures (Ascending) 1970 to 2021 Temperature Date

26.0° 9/12/1972

27.0° 12/22/1990

28.0° 12/11/1972

29.0° 2/5/1976

29.0° 12/10/1972

30.0° 12/23/1990

30.0° 1/30/1975

31.0° 12/21/1990

31.0° 1/2/1976

31.0° 12/13/1972
Source: National Weather Service XMAC site.

Location and Extent
Extreme cold and freeze events occur on a regional basis. Extreme cold can occur in any location of the Tri-City Planning Area. All portions of the Planning Area are at risk to extreme cold. While there is no scale (i.e. Richter, Enhanced Fujita) to measure the effects of freeze, temperature data from the Planning Area from the WRCC indicates that there are 8.4 days that fall below 32F. Freeze has a slow onset and can generally be predicted in advance for the Planning Area. Freeze events can last for hours (in a cold overnight), or for days to weeks at a time. Figure 4-15 and Figure 4-16 show the probabilities in the Planning Area of freeze for both spring and fall.

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Figure 4-15 Tri-City Planning Area – Spring Freeze Probabilities Source: Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved 4/26/2023.

Figure 4-16 Tri-City Planning Area – Fall Freeze Probabilities Source: Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved 4/26/2023.

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Past Occurrences
Disaster Declaration History
Alameda County has had no past federal and no state disaster declarations for extreme cold and freeze, as shown on Table 4-5
NCDC Events
The NCDC reports 11 events of past extreme cold and freeze for Alameda County since 1996 as shown on Table 4-18.

Table 4-18 Alameda County NCDC Storm Events 1/1/1950-12/31/2022* Event Type Number
of Events
Deaths Deaths
(indirect)
Injuries Injuries
(indirect)
Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
Frost/Freeze 4 0 0 0 0 $20,000 $400,000
Heavy Snow 1 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Winter Storm 6 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Total 11 0 0 0 0 $20,000 $400,000
Source: NCDC
*Note: Losses reflect totals for all impacted areas, some of which fell outside of the Planning Area and outside of Alameda County.

Planning Committee Events
The Planning Committee noted that while extreme cold and freeze are regional and annual events, dates where specific damages, injuries, or deaths occurred could not be recalled.

Likelihood of Future Occurrence
Highly Likely—Extreme cold and freeze will continue to occur annually in the Tri-City Planning Area. In a typical year, minimum temperatures fall below 32°F on 6.5 days in the Planning Area. This equates to a likelihood of future occurrences being considered highly likely.

Climate Change and Freeze
According to the 2020 California Climate Adaptation Study (CAS), freezing spells are likely to become less frequent in California as climate temperatures increase; if emissions increase, freezing events could occur only once per decade in large portion of the State by the second half of the 21st century. According to a California Natural Resources Report in 2014, it was determined that while fewer freezing spells would decrease cold related health effects; too few freezes could lead to increased incidence of disease as vectors and pathogens do not die off.

Vulnerability Assessment
Vulnerability—Medium
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Extreme cold and freeze events happen in the Tri-City Planning Area each year. It can impact both structures and populations in the Planning Area. The whole of the Planning Area has some measure of vulnerability to extreme cold and freeze. Vulnerability of the community is discussed in multiple sections that detail how this hazard can affect the Planning Area. These sections include assets at risk, impacts, and how future development can be affected by this hazard.

Assets at Risk
Assets at risk from extreme cold and freeze include people and populations; structures; critical facilities and infrastructure, and community lifelines; natural, historic, and cultural resources; and economic assets and community activities of value. These are discussed in the following sections.

It should be noted for all sections below that more specific information may be found in each participating jurisdiction’s annex to this Base Plan.

People and Populations
All populations within the Tri-City Planning Area are vulnerable to extreme cold and freeze, but this hazard generally affects people spending large amounts of time outside. Prolonged exposure to cold can cause frostbite or hypothermia and can be life-threatening. Vulnerable populations to cold and freeze include the unhoused; individuals who exercise or train outdoors; outdoor workers; individuals that lack the resources to afford heat; and the young, old, or medically fragile individuals that are more susceptible to cold related impacts. In addition to vulnerable populations, pets and livestock are at risk to freeze and cold.

Structures
Structures in the Tri-City Planning Area have some measure of risk from extreme cold and freeze. While it is rare for buildings to be affected directly by freeze, pipes that feed buildings can be damaged during periods of extreme cold and cause water damage and other related impacts to a structure.

Critical Facilities and Infrastructure and Community Lifelines Depending on the facility type and function, critical facilities and infrastructure may be affected directly by freeze. Damage to pipes that feed buildings can be damaged during periods of extreme cold. Other equipment may also be affected. Infrastructure such as roads, highways, and bridges can become slippery, causing accidents and road closures.

Community lifelines are likely to be affected to some degree by extreme heat events. Impacts to these lifelines include:
➢ Safety and Security – Police and fire personnel may see additional demand during periods of extreme cold.
➢ Food, Hydration, Shelter – Warming centers and other public shelters will need to be open and staffed. ➢ Health and Medical – Though rare, hypothermia may cause additional strains on medical facilities in the area.

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➢ Energy – Though rare, freezing rain can cause power outages as power lines get heavy from the additional weight of ice.
➢ Water Systems – Water lines (both fresh and wastewater) above ground can freeze, causing burst pipes. This is true when temperatures are below freezing for a longer period of time.

Due to the limited nature of extreme cold and freeze in the Tri-City Planning Area, community lifelines are unlikely to be overwhelmed.

Natural, Historic, and Cultural Resources
Depending on how low the temperatures go and the duration of an extreme cold and freeze event, natural resources in the Tri-City Planning Area may be affected. During periods of freeze, trees in the Tri-City Planning Area may be damaged. This is especially true if a freeze occurs during a winter storm with winds and precipitation. Other natural resources like wildlife may be at risk during a period of freeze. While it is rare for buildings to be affected directly by freeze, damages to pipes that feed historic buildings can be damaged during periods of extreme cold and cause additional impacts to the structures.

Economic Assets and Community Activities of Value
Most economic assets within the Tri-City Planning Area are not highly vulnerable to extreme cold events.

However, during periods of extreme cold and freeze, the economy may slow as people stay home or inside.

Commercial business revenue, including taxable shopping revenue may be reduced during periods of extreme cold. Additionally, extreme cold and freeze causes power costs borne by individuals and businesses in the Tri-City Planning Area to increase, which reduces the amount of money available to circulate inside the local economy. Community activities of value may see a reduction in attendance, impacting revenues associated with these events, especially those that occur outdoors.

Impacts from Severe Weather: Extreme Cold and Freeze
Extreme cold and freeze can affect critical facilities and infrastructure, down trees, break pipes, and can be a life safety issue. Transportation networks, communications, and utilities infrastructure are often the most vulnerable physical assets in the Tri-City Planning Area. Infrastructure such as roads and utilities are at risk to freezing temperatures, causing failures and hazardous road conditions. When extreme cold is coupled with high winds and freezing storms, power lines may be downed, resulting in power outages and an interruption of utilities and critical services. During periods of extremely low or prolonged cold temperatures, other impacts to the Planning Area include can include interruption in business and school activities.

The elderly, the young, and those experiencing medical issues are often more vulnerable to temperature extremes, but anyone can be affected. Exposure to cold temperatures can cause hypothermia and frostbite.

Those exercising or recreating outdoors, outdoor workers, and the unhoused may be at a higher risk.

Future Development
Future development built to code should be able to withstand extreme cold and freeze. Current building codes provide such provisions for new construction. Vulnerability to extreme cold will increase as the Packet Page No. 378
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average age of the population in the Tri-City Planning Area shifts resulting in a larger number of senior citizens in the Planning Area. More specific information on future development and its effect on extreme cold and freeze can be found in each jurisdiction’s annex to this Base Plan.

4.3.3. Severe Weather: Extreme Heat
Hazard Profile
This hazard profile contains multiple sections that detail how this hazard can affect the Tri-City Planning Area. These sections include a hazard/problem description; description of location and extent; past occurrences of this hazard; and how climate change can affect this hazard.

Hazard/Problem Description
According to information provided by FEMA, extreme heat is defined as temperatures that hover 10 degrees or more above the average high temperature for the region and last for several weeks. Heat kills by taxing the human body beyond its abilities. According to the CDC, in a normal year, about 658 Americans succumb to the demands of summer heat. In the 40-year period from 1936 through 1975, nearly 20,000 people were killed in the United States by the effects of heat and solar radiation. In the heat wave of 1980, more than 1,250 people died. Recently in California, records were set across the state during a September 2022 heat event. 2023 was considered the hottest on record. Extreme heat can also affect the agricultural industry, significantly impact natural resources, and can increase the risk of wildfires.

Heat disorders generally have to do with a reduction or collapse of the body’s ability to shed heat by circulatory changes and sweating or a chemical (salt) imbalance caused by too much sweating. When heat gain exceeds a level at which the body can remove it, or when the body cannot compensate for fluids and salt lost through perspiration, the temperature of the body’s inner core begins to rise, and heat-related illness may develop. Elderly persons, small children, low income households, individuals with chronic medical issues, outdoor workers, and even athletes are particularly susceptible to heat issues.

Location and Extent
Extreme heat events occur on a regional basis. All portions of the Tri-City Planning Area are at risk to extreme heat. Extreme heat can occur in any location of the Planning Area. The WRCC and NWS maintain data on weather normal and extremes in the western United States. WRCC and NWS data for the Planning Area is summarized below for the stations closest to the Tri-City Planning Area. WRCC data goes further back in time (with a period of record from 1906 to 2016), while the NWS data is more recent (with a period of record from 1991 to 2022). The use of both datasets gives a more comprehensive look at weather normal and extremes.

Newark WRCC Weather Station, Period of Record 1906 to 2016 According to the WRCC, monthly average maximum temperatures in the warmest months (June through September) range from the upper-60s to the mid-70s. The highest recorded daily extreme was 107°F on June 15, 1961. In a typical year, maximum temperatures exceed 90°F on 8.4 days. Figure 4-17 shows the Packet Page No. 379
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average daily high temperatures and extremes for the Planning Area. Table 4-19 shows the record high temperatures by month for the Planning Area.

Figure 4-17Tri-City Planning Area— Daily Temperature Averages and Extremes Source: Western Regional Climate Center, www.wrcc.dri.edu/. Retrieved 4/26/2023.

Table 4-19 Tri-City Planning Area – Record High Temperatures 1906 to 2016 Month Record High Date Month Record High Date
January 74 1/10/1962 July 105 7/11/1961
February 78 2/15/1943 August 102 8/2/1993
March 84 3/12/2005 September 103 9/14/1971
April 92 4/30/1981 October 96 10/3/1980
May 98 5/18/1997 November 84 11/4/1950
June 107 6/15/1961 December 75 12/9/1943
Source: Western Regional Climate Center
Tri-City Planning Area – Oakland Museum NWS Station
According to the NWS, monthly average maximum temperatures in the warmest months (June through September) range from the upper-60s to the low 70s. The highest recorded daily extreme was 109°F on September 4, 1971. Figure 4-18 shows the average daily high temperatures and extremes for the Planning Area. Table 4-20 shows the record high temperatures for the Planning Area.

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Figure 4-18 Tri-City Planning Area— Daily Temperature Averages and Extremes, 1991-2020 Source: National Weather Service XMAC site. Retrieved 4/26/2023.

Table 4-20 Tri-City Planning Area – Record High Temperatures (Descending) 1970 to 2021 Temperature Date
102.3° 9/16/1971
101.0° 9/4/2017
101.0° 6/17/1961
100.7° 7/25/2006
100.0° 9/3/2017

99.7° 7/12/1961

99.3° 7/24/2006

99.3° 9/15/1971

98.3° 9/7/2020

98.3° 8/3/1993
Source: National Weather Service XMAC site. Retrieved 4/26/2023.

Heat emergencies are often slower to develop, taking several days of continuous, oppressive heat before a significant or quantifiable impact is seen. The NWS has in place a system to initiate alert procedures (advisories or warnings) when extreme heat is expected to have a significant impact on public safety. The expected severity of the heat determines whether advisories or warnings are issued. The NWS HeatRisk forecast provides a quick view of heat risk potential over the upcoming seven days. The heat risk is portrayed in a numeric (0-4) and color (green/yellow/orange/red/magenta) scale which is similar in approach to the Air Quality Index (AQI) or the UV Index. This can be seen in Table 4-21.

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Table 4-21 National Weather Service HeatRisk Categories Category Level Meaning
Green 0 No Elevated Risk
Yellow 1 Low Risk for those extremely sensitive to heat, especially those without effective cooling and/or adequate hydration
Orange 2 Moderate Risk for those who are sensitive to heat, especially those without effective cooling and/or adequate hydration
Red 3 High Risk for much of the population, especially those who are heat sensitive and those without effective cooling and/or adequate hydration
Magenta 4 Very High Risk for entire population due to long duration heat, with little to no relief overnight Source: National Weather Service
The NWS office in San Francisco can issue the following heat-related advisory as conditions warrant. ➢ Heat Advisories are issued during events where the HeatRisk is on the Orange/Red threshold (Orange will not always trigger an advisory)
➢ Excessive Heat Watches/Warnings are issued during events where the HeatRisk is in the Red/Magenta output
Extreme heat is made worse when it is experienced over a longer duration of time.

Past Occurrences
Disaster Declaration History
There have been no FEMA or Cal OES disaster declarations in Alameda County related to extreme heat, as shown in Table 4-5.

NCDC Events
The NCDC has tracked heat and extreme heat events since 1996 for Alameda County. 25 events were recorded for the County, as shown in Table 4-22. More events have likely occurred, without being reported to the NCDC database. Specifics on damages that occurred in jurisdictions in the Planning Area were not included in the database.

Table 4-22 Alameda County Heat Events 1/1/1996-12/31/2022* Event Type Date Deaths Deaths
(indirect)
Injuries Injuries
(indirect)
Property
Damage
Crop
Damage
Excessive Heat 6 0 0 0 0 $0 $0
Heat 19 1 1 13 0 $30,000 $0
Total 25 1 1 13 0 $30,000 $0
Source: NCDC
*Deaths, injuries, and damages are for the entire event, and may not be exclusive to the County.

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Planning Committee Events
The Planning Committee noted that extreme heat is an annual occurrence in sections of the Tri-City Planning Area. It was noted that other effects can be felt during times of drought (discussed in Section

4.3.9) that can contribute to the wildfire hazard (discussed in Section 4.3.17) and PSPS events. Specific events identified by Planning Committee members for each jurisdiction can be found in their respective annexes to this LHMP Update.

Likelihood of Future Occurrences
Highly Likely—Temperature extremes will continue to occur annually in the Tri-City Planning Area.

According to the WRCC, temperatures at or above 90°F occur on 8.4 summer days in the Planning Area each year.

Climate Change and Extreme Heat
Climate change and its effect on extreme heat in and around the Tri-City Planning Area is discussed by three sources:
➢ California Climate Adaptation Strategy (CAS) – 2021
➢ Climate Change and Health Profile Report (CCHPR) – Alameda County (2017) ➢ Cal-Adapt
Climate Adaptation Strategy
The 2021 CAS, citing a California Energy Commission study, states that “over the past 15 years, heat waves have claimed more lives in California than all other declared disaster events combined.” This study shows that California is getting warmer, leading to an increased frequency, magnitude, and duration of heat waves.

These factors may lead to increased mortality from excessive heat, as shown in Figure 4-19.

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Figure 4-19 California Historical and Projected Temperature Increases – 1961 to 2099 Source: Dan Cayan; California Climate Adaptation Strategy As temperatures increase, populations in California and the Tri-City Planning Area will likely face increased risk of death from dehydration, heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heart attack, stroke and respiratory distress caused by extreme heat. According to the 2021 CAS report and the 2023 Draft State Plan, by 2100, hotter temperatures are expected throughout the State, with projected increases of 3-5.5°F (under a lower emissions scenario) to 8-10.5°F (under a higher emissions scenario). These changes could lead to an increase in health issues and deaths related to extreme heat in the Planning area.

Climate Change and Health Profile Report – Alameda County The CCHPR noted that for Alameda County and the Tri-City Planning Area that increased temperatures manifested as heat waves and sustained high heat days directly harm human health through heat-related illnesses (mild heat stress to fatal heat stroke) and the exacerbation of pre-existing conditions in the medically fragile, chronically ill, and vulnerable. Increased heat also intensifies the photochemical reactions that produce smog and ground level ozone and fine particulates (PM2.5), which contribute to and exacerbate respiratory disease in children and adults. Increased heat and carbon dioxide enhance the growth of plants that produce pollen, which are associated with allergies. Increased temperatures add to the heat load of buildings in urban areas and exacerbate existing urban heat islands adding to the risk of high ambient temperatures.

Cal-Adapt
Cal Adapt also noted that overall temperatures are expected to rise substantially throughout this century.

During the next few decades, scenarios project average temperature to rise between 1 and 2.3°F; however, the projected temperature increases begin to diverge at mid-century so that, by the end of the century, the temperature increases projected in the higher emissions scenario (RCP 8.5) are approximately twice as high as those projected in the lower emissions scenario (RCP 4.5).

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These projections also differ depending on the time of year and the type of measurement (highs vs. lows), all of which have different potential effects to the state's ecosystem health, agricultural production, water use and availability, and energy demand. Future temperature estimates from Cal-Adapt for the Planning Area are shown in Figure 4-20 for Alameda County. The figure shows the following:
➢ The upper chart shows the number of days in a year when daily maximum temperature is above the extreme heat threshold of 90.0°F. Data is shown for the Planning Area under the RCP 8.5 scenario in which emissions continue to rise strongly through 2050 and plateau around 2100. ➢ The lower chart shows the number of days in a year when daily maximum temperature is above the extreme heat threshold of 90.0 °F. Data is shown for the Planning Area under the RCP 4.5 scenario in which emissions peak around 2040, then decline.

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Figure 4-20 Tri-City Planning Area Future Temperature Estimates in High and Low Emission Scenarios
Source: Cal-Adapt – Temperature: Decadal Averages Map. Retrieved on 4/27/2023 Packet Page No. 386
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Vulnerability Assessment
Vulnerability—Medium
Extreme heat is becoming more frequent, intense, longer lasting and geographically widespread. Extreme heat occurs on an annual basis in the Tri-City Planning Area. In recent years, compounded by climate change conditions, summer months continue to get a bit hotter. The whole of the Tri-City Planning Area is at some measure of vulnerability to extreme heat.

US Census Data from the American Housing Survey tracks people in the San Francisco Metropolitan Statistical Area (which includes the Tri-City Planning Area). According to their data, as of 2021 around 44% of all housing units have air conditioning in them. This is an increase from 2011 when just under 9% did. The elderly and individuals below the poverty level are often the most vulnerable to extreme temperatures, even when inside. Nursing homes and elder care facilities are especially vulnerable to extreme heat events if power outages occur and air conditioning is not available. In addition, individuals below the poverty level may be at increased risk to extreme heat if use of air conditioning is not affordable.

This is especially true of the unhoused and/or transient populations.

An assessment of a community’s vulnerability to extreme heat begins with an understanding of local exposure to extreme heat. This is included in the discussion of the Tri-City Planning Area’s Assets at Risk to this hazard.

Assets at Risk
Assets at risk from extreme heat include people and populations; structures; critical facilities and infrastructure, and community lifelines; natural, historic, and cultural resources; and economic assets and community activities of value. These are discussed in the following sections.

It should be noted for all sections below that more specific information may be found in each participating jurisdiction’s annex to this Base Plan.

People and Populations
All populations within the Tri-City Planning Area are vulnerable to extreme heat, but it generally affects people spending large amounts of time outside or without means of cooling indoor structures. During extended periods of high temperatures, extreme heat may overload the demands for electricity to run air conditioners and can present health concerns to individuals. When interruptions in power occur during extreme heat, the risk of heat related illnesses and deaths increase. Extreme heat is a significant concern to vulnerable populations. The unhoused; individuals who exercise or train outdoors; outdoor workers; individuals that lack the resources to afford heat; and the young, old, or medically fragile individuals that are more susceptible to heat related impacts. In addition to vulnerable populations, pets and livestock are at risk to extreme heat conditions.

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Structures
Extreme heat normally does not generally impact structures, but individuals working in structures may be affected during periods of extended heat, especially in structures that might not be equipped with air conditioning or other means of cooling. In the Tri-City Planning Area, extreme heat has caused interruptions to power in the past. Also depending on the structure, sensitive contents such as IT equipment can be impacted, especially if a power outage occurs.

Critical Facilities and Infrastructure and Community Lifelines Depending on their type and function, critical facilities and infrastructure can also be affected by extreme heat. Interruptions in power caused by extreme heat can lead to system failures. Schools without air conditioning may have to close or operate on a reduced schedule.

Community lifelines are likely to be affected to some degree by extreme heat events. Impacts to these lifelines include:
➢ Safety and Security – Police and fire personnel may see additional demand during periods of extreme heat. This may also cause emergency responders to be exposed to the effects of higher heat. ➢ Food, Hydration, Shelter – Water distribution may need to occur during extreme heat events. Cooling centers and other public shelters will need to be open and staffed. ➢ Health and Medical – Heat stroke and exhaustion may occur with greater frequency. This can cause EMS and medical personnel to have a large influx of those needing medical attention. ➢ Energy – Power outages can occur in extreme heat situations. Power outages during extreme heat can cause air conditioning systems to go offline, causing injuries or deaths. PSPS events can also occur during times of extreme heat, causing the electric grid to temporarily go offline. ➢ Communications – Communication infrastructure may be impacted during extreme heat events. Alert warnings and messages may need to be given to the general public. These systems can be temporarily overloaded during emergency events. They also could be affected during related power outages.

Communications and IT equipment located inside these facilities may also be at risk to extreme heat. ➢ Water Systems – Water and wastewater systems can be taxed during extreme heat events.

While community lifelines can be affected by extreme heat events, they are not likely to be overwhelmed with the exception of the power grid. As discussed above, extreme heat can contribute to power interruptions and outages that can lead to additional impacts and concerns. Backup power sources should be in place to keep critical facilities and community lifelines online and functioning.

Natural, Historic, and Cultural Resources
Park areas and natural resource assets in the Tri-City Planning Area may be vulnerable during periods of extreme heat. These include turfed areas; landscapes, trees, wildlife and habitat areas, and wetlands and marsh lands. Recently, trees were lost in areas of the Tri-City Planning Area that were weakened by drought and extreme heat. Extreme heat may also cause drought-like conditions, contributing to other issues. For example, several weeks of extreme heat increases evapotranspiration and reduces moisture content in vegetation, leading to higher wildfire vulnerability in the region for that time period, even if the rest of the season is relatively moist. Historic and cultural resources are not expected to be affected by extreme heat.

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Economic Assets and Community Activities of Value
Most economic assets within the Tri-City Planning Area are not vulnerable to extreme heat events.

However, during periods of extreme heat, the economy may slow as people stay home or inside.

Commercial business revenue, including taxable shopping revenue may be lost during periods of extreme heat. Additionally, extreme heat causes power costs borne by individuals and businesses in the Planning Area to increase, which reduces the amount of money available to circulate inside the local economy.

Community activities of value may see a reduction in attendance, impacting revenues associated with these events, especially those that occur outdoors.

Impacts from Severe Weather: Extreme Heat
The Tri-City Planning Area experiences temperatures in excess of 100°F during the summer and fall months. The temperature moves to 105-110°F in rather extreme situations. During these times, drought conditions may worsen and the Planning Area may see an increase in dry fuels contributing to wildfires.

Also, power outage and PSPS events may occur during these times as well. Health issues are the primary concern with this hazard with vulnerable populations at greater risk, although economic impacts can also be an issue. Air quality can also be an issue during extreme heat.

Extreme heat may also cause drought-like conditions. For example, several weeks of extreme heat increases evapotranspiration and reduces moisture content in vegetation, leading to higher wildfire vulnerability for that time period even if the rest of the season is relatively moist. Drought is discussed further in Section

4.3.9 and wildfire in Section 4.3.17. Extreme heat can also contribute to initiation of PSPS events.

Future Development
How extreme heat is taken into account in future development in each of the jurisdictions of the Tri-City Planning area will differ. Information on future development by jurisdiction can be found in each jurisdiction’s annex to this Base Plan.

4.3.4. Severe Weather: Heavy Rains and Storms
Hazard Profile
This hazard profile contains multiple sections that detail how this hazard can affect the Tri-City Planning Area. These sections include a hazard/problem description; description of location and extent; past occurrences of this hazard; and how climate change can affect this hazard.

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