County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 74 | Section 2The City has one hospital and the only trauma center for the Coachella Valley, Desert Regional Medical Center. The Medical Center is a 385-bed full service acute care facility that includes a Level II trauma center. There are four public full service elementary schools, one middle school, one high school, and one alternative school within the City of Palm Springs that are administered by the Palm Springs Unified School District. The city has a regional airport (Palm Springs International Airport), numerous large and small hotels, shopping centers, and commercial/industrial zones. Interstate 10 and State Highway 111 traverse the City as well as several main arterial roadways. The City operates its own police and fire departments and also relies on local volunteer organizations for assistance in emergency response, communications, and other necessary emergency services. 2.6.23 Perris The Jurisdiction is a corporate city in Riverside County in the Coachella Valley of California. The City of Perris is 35 Square Miles in size with a population of 77,000 people and is 10 miles southeast of the County seat, the City of Riverside. Jurisdiction sits directly adjacent to San Bernardino County on its southern boundaries, and San Bernardino County is ten miles to the north. The Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Railroad and California State Highway 215 both run through the middle of the City. State Highway 74 is runs through 4th Street, continues as part of CA State Highway 215 then continues along Pincante Rd through Romoland on the west. Lake Perris is located on the northeast outside City of Perris. Perris Valley Airport is privately owned. It lies in the lower center of the city off Goetz Road. March Air Force Base is located just north of the city and its jurisdiction connects to City of Perris. Jurisdiction’s climate can be described as sunny, mild Mediterranean climate. On average, Perris gets only 10 inches of rain per year. The humidity is quite low all year. The July high temperatures average 97 degrees, while January low temperatures average 35 degrees. There are 275 sunny days per year. City of Perris was incorporated in 1911. The California Southern Railroad connected through the city in the 1880s to build a rail connection between the present-day cities of Barstow and San Diego. This is how the City of Perris began to form. While the railroad had played an important part in establishing the new town, the people now turned to agriculture for their future development. Because of limited groundwater, dry grain farming was the main crop before water was brought to the valley by the Eastern Municipal Water district in the early 1950's. Alfalfa, the King potato (which would produce two crops a year), and still later, sugar beets became the mainstay of farming the Perris Valley.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 75 | Section 2With the construction of Lake Perris in the late 60's and early 70's - Perris once again became attractive - this time as a recreational area. In addition to the lake's activities Perris' hot air ballooning, Orange Empire Railway Museum and skydiving activities attract international recognition. 2.6.24 Rancho Mirage The City of Rancho Mirage is located in Riverside County in the Coachella Valley of California. Rancho Mirage is approximately 24.8 square miles in area and is 70 miles east of the County seat, the City of Riverside. Riverside County covers 7,208 square miles (approximately the same size as the state of New Jersey) and stretches from Orange County to the Colorado River which forms the border with the state of Arizona. Adjacent counties include San Bernardino County to the north, La Paz County Arizona to the east, Imperial and San Diego counties to the south and Orange County to the west. Rancho Mirage is located within the Coachella Valley, which extends for approximately 45 miles (72 km) in Riverside County southeast from the San Bernardino Mountains to the saltwater Salton Sea, the largest lake in California. The Valley is approximately 15 miles (24 km) wide along most of its length, bounded on the west by the San Jacinto Mountains, the south by the Santa Rosa Mountains and on the north and east by the Little San Bernardino Mountains. These mountains peak at around 11,000 feet (3,400 m) and tend to average between three to five thousand feet. This effectively blocks the marine layer familiar to most other Southern Californian areas. The Salton Sea is located to the southeast of the Coachella Valley with a surface elevation of 227 feet below sea level. Regional geomorphology is largely due to the San Andreas Fault which enters the valley at the Chocolate Mountains and Salton Sea in the southeast corner and then follows the centerline of the Little San Bernardino Mountains on the north side of the Coachella Valley. The fault is easily visible along its northern length as a strip of intermittent green against an otherwise bare mountain. Geographically, the county is mostly desert in the central and eastern portions of the county which includes the Coachella Valley and the City of Rancho Mirage. The Coachella Valley is considered the northwestern portion of the Sonoran Desert. In the summer months daytime temperatures range from 104 °F (40 °C) to 118 °F (48 °C) and nighttime lows from 77 °F (25 °C) to 86 °F (30 °C). During winter, the daytime temperatures range from 70 °F (21 °C) to 90 °F (32 °C) and corresponding nights range from 46 °F (8 °C) to 68 °F (20 °C) making it a popular winter resort destination. Due to its warm year-round climate, the region is well known to produce tropical fruits such as mangoes, figs and dates. According to the Coachella Valley Water District, average annual rainfall is approximately three inches. The mountains that flank the west and south County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 76 | Section 2sides of the Valley are often covered in snow during the winter months, and it is not uncommon for snow levels to dip to 2000’.The primary arterial to the Coachella Valley is Interstate 10, which runs east-west, while State Route 111 runs for about 30 miles along the southwestern rim of the valley and serves as the main arterial highway between almost all Coachella Valley cities. A fourlane expressway, State Highway 86S opened in the early 1990s as a "special" bypass (hence the "S" designation) of two-lane Highway 86 and connects with Imperial and San Diego counties. The rail right-of-way that parallels the I-10 freeway between San Bernardino and Indio is operated by the Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR). There are no surface roads crossing the railroad tracks within the City. One older two-lane bridge (Ramon Road) and one newly constructed six lane bridge crosses the railroad and Interstate 10. Currently Amtrak’s Sunset Limited train is the only passenger rail service that runs through the Coachella Valley three times per week between Los Angeles and New Orleans. The Sunset Limited train operates through this area in the very early hours of the morning in both directions and primarily serves the leisure and tourism market. The Riverside County Transportation Commission (RCTC) and the State of California have been evaluating the feasibility of establishing an intercity passenger rail route between Los Angeles, Fullerton, Riverside, Palm Springs, and Indio. The Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) continues its firm opposition to any new passenger service on its tracks through this area. Notwithstanding this opposition, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) continues to propose such service in the California State Rail Plan. Caltrans has no unilateral powers to compel the UPRR to permit the operation of this train. Nevertheless, for intercity trains (as opposed to a commuter or Metrolink train), there are certain federal processes in place that can ultimately lead to an order compelling the railroad to operate the service. The public agencies requesting the intercity service may be required to invest large sums in the physical infrastructure of the railroad. Some estimates place the capital investment requirement at a minimum of $500 million for a new set of tracks. RCTC is working closely with the Coachella Valley and the Pass Areas on this issue and supports the expansion of rail service to additional areas of Riverside County. Public transportation in the valley, including Rancho Mirage, is provided by the SunLine Transit Agency based in Thousand Palms, which was among the country's first transit agencies to totally convert to alternate fuel vehicles, including full-sized buses powered by fuel cells. Aviation in the area is served by the Palm Springs International Airport in Palm Springs, Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport in Thermal and Bermuda Dunes Municipal Airport County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 77 | Section 2in Bermuda Dunes. Palm Springs International airport (PSP) is currently served by ten airlines. In 2015, there were a total of 1,888,657 passengers embarking or disembarking at PSP. Although Alaska, SkyWest and American have the largest share of passenger travel; WestJet has grown significantly with the influx of Canadians purchasing vacation homes in the valley. Currently, WestJet serves Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg and Toronto (seasonally). Seasonal flights from PSP to New York (Virgin), San Jose (Horizon), Stockton (Allegiant), Denver (Frontier) and Houston (Continental). The City of Rancho Mirage is a well-known desert resort and residential community in the Coachella Valley. With major regional medical facilities, the Valley’s most vibrant and attractive commercial centers, and world-class resort hotels, Rancho Mirage is a desirable destination for residents and visitors alike. The City has taken shape in a beautiful valley setting surrounded by dramatic views of the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains to the south and west and the Little San Bernardino Mountains to the north. Lushly landscaped golf course communities and broad arterial streets on the Coachella Valley floor have created a “garden in the desert”.
The City of Rancho Mirage was incorporated on August 3, 1973, bringing autonomy to residents and businesses over land use and development on approximately 15.6 square miles of land. Since City incorporation, expansion has occurred without sacrificing the quality of life that originally attracted residents and the City now comprises approximately 16,070 acres or 25 square miles. Its Sphere of Influence (SOI) – County managed lands over which the City has an advisory role – total another 1,202 acres or 1.9 square miles. The City of Rancho Mirage has a Council/Manager form of government and became a Charter City in 1997. From the beginning, Rancho Mirage was primarily a residential community. Succeeding decades brought new assets and resources. In the 1960s, commercial businesses expanded and “Restaurant Row” developed. The 1970s saw the introduction of the Eisenhower Medical Center as well as five of the City’s country clubs. Residential construction boomed in the 1970s and 1980s and that period also saw the addition of world class destination resorts – Marriott’s Rancho Las Palmas (now KSL’s Rancho Las Palmas Resort & Spa), the Westin Mission Hills and The Lodge (now the Ritz Carlton Rancho Mirage). Development in past years has focused along Highway 111 with the majority of future development expected to be near Interstate 10. From the 1990s to present day, the City has added entertainment and shopping venues such as The River (a 250,000 square foot mixed use entertainment/commercial development) and Monterey Marketplace (a 400,000 square foot “big box” retail center); worked with the Annenberg Trust to transform the Sunnylands Estate and Visitors Center into a world class educational/conference County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 78 | Section 2facility and completed the state-of-the-art Rancho Mirage Public Library. In addition, the recent completion of the Section 19 Specific Plan will permit a large-scale mixed-use development adjacent to the 16 story Agua Caliente Casino Resort and proposed multimodal transit station. 2.6.25 Riverside The City of Riverside is located in Riverside County, California, United States, and is the county seat. Named for its location beside the Santa Ana River, it is located at the center of the Inland Empire and is the largest city in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area of Southern California, the 4th largest inland California City and is located approximately 60 miles (97 km) east of Los Angeles. Riverside is the 59th most populous City in the United States and the 12th most populous city in California. The City of Riverside is currently 81 square miles according to the 2015 U.S. Census Quick Facts and has an estimated population of 322,424. 2.6.26 San Jacinto The City of San Jacinto is a corporate city in Riverside County in the San Jacinto Valley of California. It is approximately 27 square miles in area and is approximately 30 miles east of the County seat, the City of Riverside. San Jacinto is approximately 90 miles east of the City of Los Angeles and approximately 90 miles north of San Diego. The City of San Jacinto sits directly north of City of Hemet on its southern boundary and approximately 10 miles southeasterly of City of Moreno Valley. California State Highway 79 runs north and south through the City. The San Jacinto River, normally a dry riverbed that begins in the San Jacinto Mountains, runs through the northern part of the San Jacinto Valley in a north westerly direction, sitting on the north-easterly boundary of the City. The Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians Tribe is also located northeasterly and adjacent to the City of San Jacinto. The climate in San Jacinto is considered moderate. Summers are warm and winters are mild. You can usually count on a nice sunny day since San Jacinto averages 342 days of sunshine each year and are typical of that of the rest of Riverside County. Winter weather is mild averaging 70-75 degrees daytime, and summers are typically warm with highs averaging 90-95 degrees. The average rainfall is approx. 12.5 inches per year. Founded in 1870, and incorporated in April 1888, San Jacinto is one of Riverside County's oldest communities, with roots that stretch back to the earliest days of California. Because of its mild climate and fertile land, the region became home to Native Peoples, Spaniards, Mexicans, and Americans - all of whom have made a unique and indelible imprint on the character of the valley. Tourism also had an impact on the Valley, beginning around 1900.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 79 | Section 2Natural hot springs along the north side of the Valley stimulated the development of several tourist resorts with hotels, guest cabins and bath houses. Gilman Hot Springs was the best-known resort. It was originally developed in the 1880s, and was acquired in 1913 by the Gilman family, who ran the resort for 65 years. Soboba Hot Springs was also popular, with its Indian-style cottages scattered along the hillside. Further west was Eden Hot Springs. The Estudillo Mansion is currently owned by the City of San Jacinto. The City of San Jacinto successfully completed the interior and exterior Estudillo Mansion Restoration project. There has also been the addition of a Water Conservation Garden, parking lot and landscape improvements with a dedication event on May 16, 2009 The City of San Jacinto is a general-law form of government with Council-Manager administration. Council members are elected, with the City Manager appointed by the five councilmembers elected at-large. The City of San Jacinto is not a participant in the Riverside County Operational Area Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. The city has an estimated population of 45,563. 2.6.27 Temecula The City of Temecula is an incorporated city in Riverside County in the Southwestern portion of the County. It has a population of approximately 106,780. Since incorporation in 1989, as a General Law City, Temecula has created a desirable community with exceptional public safety, community services, recreational amenities, and a robust commerce. It is 30.17 square miles and is 30 miles south of the County seat, the City of Riverside. Temecula sits north of and adjacent to San Diego County. The City’s eastern and western boundaries are with Riverside County Jurisdictions and to the north is the City of Murrieta. Interstate Highway 15 travels north and south through the western portion of the City. State Highway 79 travels east from the City on both the southern and northern portions of the city. Murrieta Creek which is a pathway from Lake Skinner Reservoir is on the western portion of the City and Temecula Creek which is a pathway from the Vail Lake Reservoir is on the southern portion of the City. They combine to form the Santa Margarita River in the extreme southwest portion of the jurisdiction. The Santa Margarita Mountains run along the western portion of the jurisdiction. The City of Temecula’s mean yearly temperature 64.7°F with an average high temperature of 76.5°F and an average low of 52.9°F. The average annual rainfall is 11.11 inches.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 80 | Section 22.6.28 Wildomar The City of Wildomar is a corporate city in Riverside County in the Southwest County of California. It is approximately 24 square miles in area and is 41 miles south of the County seat, the City of Riverside. City of Wildomar sits directly adjacent to the City of Murrieta on the south, City of Menifee on the east, and the City of Lake Elsinore on the northern boundaries. The 15 freeway runs through the middle of the City. The Santa Margarita Watershed runs through the southwest portion of the City. Stormwater runoff from portions of Lake Elsinore and Wildomar collects in the Murrieta & Temecula creeks and forms the Santa Margarita River south of the City. City of Wildomar’s climate in winter is almost never extreme, low temperatures rarely go below freezing. In the summer the high temperatures will hover in the 90's, but some days may go over 100 during heat waves. Rainfall for City of Wildomar is typical of that of the rest of Riverside County. Wildomar is a community of old and new, more mature homes and acreages with horses and other animals mixed with more modern housing tracts. Nestled between the cities of Murrieta and Lake Elsinore, Wildomar officially became a city on July 1, 2008, at that time home to about 28,000 residents. The name Wildomar was coined from the names of its three founders -- the WIL from William Collier, the DO from Donald Graham and the MAR from Margaret Collier Graham.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 81 | Section 22.7 Tribes of Riverside County Riverside County has 12 Indian Tribes within or bordering the County. 2.7.1 Agua Caliente Indian Reservation The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is a federally recognized Indian Tribe located in Palm Springs, Calif., with 32,000 acres of reservation lands that spread across Palm Springs, Cathedral City, Rancho Mirage, and into the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto mountains. The Tribe’s developments include two Palm Springs golf courses, the Spa Resort Casino in downtown Palm Springs, and the Agua Caliente Casino Resort Spa in Rancho Mirage, which includes the 2,000-seat concert venue, The Show. It also operates the Indian Canyon and Tahquitz Canyon parks, both open to the public. The Tribal Government employs approximately 200 employees, in addition to over 2,000 employees directly associated with its gaming and hospitality operations. The majority of these employees do not live on the Reservation, but commute from outlying communities, such as, Banning, Palm Desert, Desert Hot Springs, and the high desert mountains, increasing the population on the Reservation during the normal business hours. Tribal employees work in Tribal offices or in the field. Normal business hours are between the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. It is common for certain employees (Rangers, Maintenance Crew) to work in remote areas of the Reservation where communications may prove difficult. 2.7.2 Augustine Indian Reservation The Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians (Tribe) is a federally recognized Indian tribe located in the County of Riverside, California. It was established by Executive Order in 1891. The Augustine Reservation is part of an area occupied for the last 1,000 years by the Cahuilla Indians. The Reservation consists of approximately 602 acres located in the Coachella Valley in southern California, adjacent to the City of Coachella and approximately thirty miles from the City of Palm Springs. 2.7.3 Cabazon Indian Reservation The members of the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians (Tribe), a federally recognized Native American Indian tribe, are descendants of the Cahuilla Indians who have occupied the desert region of southern California for 2,500 to 3,000 years. As one of approximately a dozen independent clans of the Cahuilla, the Tribe claims its own name, territory and common ancestry. Although the Tribe numbered 600 in the mid-1800s, the population had dwindled to less than 50 by the start of the 1980’s. Since that time, under a reorganized tribal government, the Tribe had increased their economic base by taking advantage of opportunities in the “Desert Resorts” area of California’s Coachella Valley. The Tribe is a sovereign nation under the laws of the United States of America and is operated under a democratic form of government. As a sovereign nation, the entire County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 82 | Section 2Cabazon community consists of tribal members. Tribal authority resides in the General Council, which meets every three months to confer and make decisions on tribal issues. All tribal members, age eighteen or older, sit on the General Council, which elects a Business Committee every four years. The Business Committee manages the day-to-day operations of the tribe, including making decisions about new business ventures. As Cabazon is a relatively small tribe, this organizational strategy assures that all viewpoints of the tribal community are considered and that the skills and resources of all community members are incorporated into all facets of formulation and implementation of tribal decision making. The Cabazon Band of Mission Indians’ Reservation was established by an act of Congress in 1876 and occupies three separate areas of land consisting of 1,701 acres in the eastern end of the Coachella Valley. This land is held in trust by the federal government for the benefit of the tribe under the jurisdiction of the tribal government. 2.7.4 Cahuilla Indian Reservation The Cahuilla Reservation is located in Riverside County near the town of Anza. It is 18,884 acres in total, but 16,884 acres of the reservation belongs to individual members of the tribe. 2,000 acres belong to the entire tribe in common. It was founded in 1875. The Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians is headquartered in Anza, California. They are governed by a democratically elected tribal council. Their current tribal chairman is Daniel Salgado and the Vice-Chairwoman is Andrea Candelaria. 2.7.5 Colorado River Indian Reservation The Colorado River Indian Tribes include four distinct Tribes - the Mohave, Chemehuevi, Hopi and Navajo. There are currently about 4,277 active Tribal members. The CRIT Reservation was created in 1865 by the Federal Government for “Indians of the Colorado River and its tributaries,” originally for the Mohave and Chemehuevi, who had inhabited the area for centuries. People of the Hopi and Navajo Tribes were relocated to the reservation in later years. The reservation stretches along the Colorado River on both the Arizona and California side. It includes almost 300,000 acres of land, with the river serving as the focal point and lifeblood of the area. The primary community in the CRIT Reservation is Parker, Arizona, which is located on a combination of Tribal land, leased land that is owned by CRIT and land owned by nonNative Americans. There are other, smaller communities on the reservation, including Poston, located 10 miles south of Parker. 2.7.6 Morongo The Morongo Reservation is located in the northern and western half of Riverside County, California, approximately 90 miles east of Los Angeles. The Reservation, with an area of approximately 54 square miles, covers portions of the southern flank of the San Gorgonio County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 83 | Section 2Mountains, the northern flank of the San Jacinto Mountains, and the valley floor of the San Gorgonio River. It has contiguous boundaries with the City of Banning and the unincorporated community of Cabazon (the only city in California to unincorporated) in the San Gorgonio Pass Area. The Tribe is one of 107 federally recognized Indian tribes in California. The Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan (THMP) addresses all the property, infrastructure, and natural environment of the Reservation and under the authority and control of the Tribe. The plan is purposely exclusive of specific sites in its address to protected historical, religious, and cultural resources outside of the Reservation, as the interest in their protection is greater than the potential benefit of identifying their location in this plan. The Morongo Tribal Council functions as legislative body of the Tribe and additionally manages tribal economic enterprise functions that are normally outside the scope of other governmental agencies. The Tribe provides full municipal like services to its residents including, security, fire, public work functions, water and wastewater treatment, environmental protection, waste management and recycling, natural and cultural resource preservation, emergency management, and other functions typical of a functioning community. According to the United States Census Bureau’s “Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 the population on the Reservation is 1,353 persons. 2.7.7 Pechanga Indian Reservation The Pechanga Indian Reservation borders the City of Temecula to the northwest, the Town of Rainbow to the southwest, and the Cleveland National Forest to the south and east. The General Council of the Tribe is made up of the adult voting members of the band and elects the Pechanga Tribal Council. The Pechanga Indian Reservation encompasses over 6,700 acres with the most recent lands added in 2008. The current land use is mostly rural residential, with homes generally located along the central portion of the reservation along Pechanga Creek. 2.7.8 Ramona Band of Cahuilla The Ramona Band of Cahuilla is a southern California Indian tribe whose reservation is located approximately thirty miles east of Temecula and four miles north of the unincorporated town of Anza, off Highway 371 in Riverside County. The Ramona Reservation was set aside by Executive Order in 1891 and a trust patent for the Reservation was issued in 1893. The Ramona Reservation encompasses approximately 560 acres. The Reservation is situated at the southwestern base of Thomas Mountain in the southern San Jacinto Mountains. Hog Lake Road provides the only access to the Ramona Reservation. There are 3 homes on the Reservation and seven residents. There are also several additional buildings, including a maintenance yard, a powerhouse and 5 yurts associated with the Band’s Eco-tourism project. All electricity for the homes/buildings is provided by County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 84 | Section 2hybrid electrical systems consisting of solar and wind generation with generator backups. None of the homes/buildings on the reservation are connected to the “grid”. In early 2017, approximately 82 acres of land were transferred from fee simple into trust status by the Ramona Band of Cahuilla. Thus, the lands are now tribal lands under the jurisdiction of the Ramona Band of Cahuilla. The lands transferred include approximately 75 acres along Bautista Road just south of the Ramona Reservation and approximately 6.73 acres along SR 371 in Anza. There are three (3) buildings located on the lands in Anza. The buildings included the Ramona Band’s administrative offices and library. Each of the buildings has access to the power grid. Water is provided to the buildings via wells located on the property, and each of the buildings has a septic system. Moreover, a tiger tank of 5000 gallons provides water storage for use, if needed, for fire suppression. The lands located along Bautista Road are all unimproved. One of the parcels lies at the junction of Bautista Road and Hog Lake Road and is the access point to the Ramona Reservation. The other parcels are covered with vegetation. 2.7.9 Santa Rosa Indian Reservation The Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians Reservation is part of an area, which has been occupied by the Cahuilla for the past 1,000 years. The Reservation consists of 11,021 acres in four separate parcels and is located in the Santa Rosa Mountains near the community of Anza in Riverside California. They are descendants from the Mountain Cahuilla Band, which historically occupied the mountains south of San Jacinto Peak. The largest parcel is called the Santa Rosa Parcel and is located 1.25 miles east of the junction of SR –74 and SR – 371. Three separate parcels completely occupy Sections 32, 34, and 36 of T7S, R5E and are one mile southeast of the main Santa Rosa Parcel. The parcel in Section 34 is called the Old Village Parcel, where their ancestors first settled and the parcel in section 36 is called the Toro Parcel, which is leased out as a microwave relay communications site. The Santa Rosa Reservation was established on February 2, 1907, under authority of the Act of 1891 as amended. The Act of April 17, 1937, authorized the Secretary of the interior to purchase 640 acres to be held in trust for the Tribe. All reservation land is tribally owned and un-allotted, though some of the land is under assignment and has been passed from generation to generation. Currently there are approximately 70 people living on the reservation. They are a customs and traditions tribe with a total of 118 members. A tribal council governs with members elected to two-year terms. Because of the very limited size of the band, the Tribal Council also acts as the Planning Committee.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 85 | Section 22.7.10 Soboba Band of Mission Indians The Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians ancestral home is the Soboba Reservation located on the San Jacinto River at the base of the western foothills of the San Jacinto Mountains in Riverside County, California. The Tribal trust lands consist of approximately 7,877 acres of reservation including a large parcel of adjoining undeveloped property called the “Jones Ranch”. The current population on the Soboba Reservation is approximately 1,200. 2.7.11 Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation (partly in Imperial County, California) The Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians (Tribe) is a Sovereign Indian Nation and a federally recognized Indian Tribe located in Southern California. Its Tribal land base was established by Executive Order of the United States Federal government on May 15, 1876, as the Torres Martinez Reservation. The Tribal land base consists of 24,822 acres of harsh rugged desert terrain in a checkerboard pattern located in the most rural parts of the Coachella Valley in Southern California. A portion of the Tribal area is submerged under the Salton Sea. The Reservation lands straddle Imperial and Riverside Counties and lie about 50 miles north of the US – Mexico International Border. Temperatures reach 120 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer. The majority of those living on the reservation live in the Tribe’s housing development project which was funded by HUD (36 homes) located about 6 miles away from the Tribe’s headquarters (boundaries: Avenue 62 North, Avenue 64 South, Monroe St./Wilma Jean Way West, and Jackson St. East). The Tribal school-age children who live on the reservation for primarily attend public schools (Grades K-12th) administered by the Coachella Valley School Unified District (CVUSD) or the Desert Sands Unified School District (DSUSD). Several public schools are located within or near the reservation boundaries of the Tribe. 2.7.12 Twenty-Nine Palms Indian Reservation (partly in San Bernardino County) The Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians is a United States federally recognized Tribe located in Southern California. The Tribe’s members are descendants of the Chemehuevi, who are indigenous people that migrated from the Colorado River area. Geographically, the Tribe has two Reservation sections located near the City of Twentynine Palms in San Bernardino County and near the City of Coachella in Riverside County. The San Bernardino County section contains 150 acres of undeveloped land which is adjacent to the Joshua Tree National Park. The Riverside County section contains 242 acres, which has rights-of-way for the Interstate 10 freeway and State Highway 86. On this section, the Tribe has an operating Class 3 Gaming Facility, Tribal Administrative Offices, and Tribal Environmental Protection Agency, which accounts for more than 700 employees. Currently, there is no residential development on either Reservation section.
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County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 87 | Section 3Section 3.0 - The Planning Process While the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (“DMA 2000”) requires that local communities address only natural hazards, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recommends that local comprehensive mitigation plans address human created and technological hazards as much as possible. The Riverside County Operational Area 2018 Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan addressed an expansive set of hazards that include human created and technological hazards. The 2023 Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update review process started in March 2022. 3.1 Planning Process Overview EMD formed a planning team and continued to utilize the Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) as the Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP) Steering Committee. The planning team was comprised of various EMD personnel who engaged Riverside County department representatives, MJLHMP participants, and key personnel to discuss, and review the MJLHMP for the 2023 update. A LHMP annex template and other various tools were developed and sent to participants to assist them with updating their LHMPs. EMD held multiple meetings, workshops, and conference calls to assist participants with drafting or updating LHMPs. (See Appendix B for Participants).
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 88 | Section 33.2 Hazard Mitigation 2023 Planning EMD staff recognize the importance of involving stakeholders using the following planning methodologies:
x Reviewed the process of assessing risks and identifying hazards with all participants
x Reviewed mitigation actions that are proposed, pending, and completed x Encouraged participation with the planning process by providing updates at advisory meetings, workshops, jurisdictional meetings, and community meetings x Identified and provided information and resources to MJLHMP participants to assist them with the development of their LHMPs
x Posted information on the EMD website for public access and feedback on the MJLHMP
x Email upcoming mitigation training information to Riverside County OA participants Project Pre-Plan Research:
x Reviewed the 2018 MJLHMP and the FEMA Plan Review Tool and feedback x Reviewed the 2013 FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook x Reviewed the 2011 Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide x Reviewed the 2022 Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide x Reviewed the 2018 State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan x Identified gaps with previous plan and discussed findings with management team x Determined resolutions for gaps and discuss what updates are necessary Project Plan Ongoing Maintenance Strategies:
x Continually update the MJLHMP x Engage participants through outreach x Submittal of participant documents needed to keep plan current x Review mitigation projections and actions at OAPC x Perform annual and post disaster declaration reviews
3.3 2023 MJLHMP Update Process / LHMP Tools The MJLHMP Steering Committee determined the best approach for the 2023 MJLHMP update was to use the same tools used for the 2018 MJLMP. The following worksheets, tools, and resources were utilized as a reference for each jurisdiction to evaluate its hazards, capabilities, and to assist in developing goals and strategies:
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 89 | Section 3 x Local Jurisdiction Contact Information worksheet x Hazard Identification Questionnaire x Specific Hazards Summary Worksheet x Jurisdiction Vulnerability Worksheet/ Severity Table x Local Jurisdiction Proposed Mitigation Action and Strategy Proposal x Local Development Trends Questionnaire x Mitigation Project Tracking and Ranking Spreadsheet x Website links to obtain applicable risk assessment information such as:
x https://www.myplan.caloes.ca.govx https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/practitioners/resilience-analysis-andplanning-toolx https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/mapx https://hazards.fema.gov/hll/library x EMD facilitated and hosted plan development workshops x FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide x Assistance with completing LHMPs provided by EMD Staff x Assistance for jurisdictions to obtain/create maps x Mitigation trainings and educational resources x 2023 Update Timeline The 2023 MJLHMP has a variety of participants within Riverside County that includes cities, educational districts, and special districts. The participant’s list is found in Section 1.4 or Appendix B: Participants. EMD and the MJLHMP Steering Committee intends for the MJLHMP to be comprehensive, easy to understand, and easy to implement. The final 2023 County of Riverside Operational Area MJLHMP consists of a Base Plan with annexes that are LHMPs from participating jurisdictions and districts. Participating jurisdictional and district LHMPs require separate approval from Cal OES and FEMA and adoption from their respective governing bodies for mitigation projects to be eligible for receiving funding from Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) and other FEMA grant programs. This Base Plan indicates linkages to other plans (e.g., County General Plan and the State Hazard Mitigation Plan). (See Annexes). Outreach presentations were given in various community meetings, four (4) MJLHMP / LHMP workshops and various sessions were held with individual jurisdictions (See Appendix C).
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 90 | Section 3The review process of the draft annexes is outlined as follows:
x Participants submitted draft LHMPs via email to EMD for review and comments x EMD Planning team held standing meetings with Cal OES planning review staff to troubleshoot challenges and enhance the update process
x Checklists were utilized to document all components of the plans were complete and accompanied with all attachments referenced in the plan x Acknowledgement and checklists were sent back to the participants noting identified gap findings and comments
x After revisions were completed by participants, the draft was resubmitted to EMD for incorporation into the MJLHMP
x All correspondence, meetings, and conference calls were recorded to track ongoing development of annexes
3.4 Operational Area Planning Process EMD’s MJLHMP planning team began the update planning efforts by notifying jurisdictions of a regional planning process and assisted OAPC in forming an OA MJLHMP Steering Committee to provide feedback into the 2023 plan update. The April 2022 kickoff meeting started the 2023 MJLHMP update process. The OA MJLHMP Steering Committee included representatives from EMD and OAPC. OAPC membership includes representatives from the County departments and political subdivisions within Riverside County. The initial MJLHMP update process was presented to the OAPC attendees and a survey of intent to participate was distributed at the January 13, 2022, meeting. Letters of commitment were requested from jurisdictional and district representatives indicating their intent to participate. The quarterly Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) meetings are intended to provide a forum for discussion of emergency management issues to the following:
x local jurisdictions x non-profit organizations x faith-based organizations x governmental agencies x tribal communities x special districts x educational districts and institutions x utility companies x public transportation x healthcare facilities County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 91 | Section 3All participants of OAPC were invited and encouraged to participate in the 2023 MJLHMP update. Outreach to these agencies was done both during meetings as well as through follow up email to ensure the county was inviting all stakeholders to participate in the planning process. For a list of specific individuals who were invited to the OAPC meetings and received information about the planning process, see the OAPC contact list identified in appendix B of this plan. The Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) Mission is:
x To foster communications and to coordinate OA planning activities for emergency and disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. x To utilize the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS), California Government Code 8550 et. Seq., the National Incident Management System (NIMS), and Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD-5) OAPC has several subcommittees who are responsible for determining the use and distribution of funds from grants channeled directly through the Operational Area, i.e., Anti-Terrorism Approval Authority (ATAA), Training and Exercise subcommittee, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Program Managers subcommittee, Communications subcommittee, Plans Review subcommittee. 3.5 EMD Planning Team The EMD Planning Team consists of the EMD personnel with the following job classifications:
x Program Director x Emergency Services Manager x Emergency Management Program Supervisor x Emergency Services Coordinator x Senior Emergency Medical Services Specialist x Administrative Services Analyst II x Office Assistant III x Senior Geographic Information Systems Specialist x Supervisor Research Specialist x Business Process Analyst The following figure shows the EMD Planning Team Organizational Chart.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 92 | Section 3Figure 9: County of Riverside Emergency Management Department Planning Team Organizational Chart
MJLHMP UPDATE STEERING COMMITTEE
Plan Writing/Development
Mary Valterria
Clerical Support
Marlene Lopez
HAZUS/GIS & Other Data
Catherine Farrokhi
Moses Martinez
Alejandro Gonzalez
Jurisdictional Outreach
West County
Michael Ornelas
East County
Eric Cadden
Public Outreach
Shane Reichardt
EMD Program Director
Brian MacGavin
EMD Planning Committee Leads
Jennifer Smith and William Luna
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 93 | Section 33.6 MJLHMP Steering Committee The Steering Committee meetings provide a forum for discussing the progress of the plan update, identify, and refine hazards, goals, strategies, timelines, and potential mitigation projects. In addition, the Committee identifies new resources, opportunities for trainings, and recommendations to refine the plan update process. Information discussed during steering committee meetings include:
x Review information provided and identified necessary corrections for updates x Review definitions for the hazards to ensure accuracy x Updating additional incidents relating to hazards x Provide supporting documentation with credible sources including but not limited to, studies (planning, safety, mitigation, etc.) maps, charts, tables, photos, surveys, cost-benefit analysis, or technical guidance x Hazard prioritization, and tracking and ranking of mitigation actions x Strategies for participating jurisdictions to develop and use their internal planning teams to review and update their LHMPs
x Provide updated maps upon availability
The EMD GIS Specialist provided updated countywide maps that had been included in the 2023 MJLHMP. As part of the planning process, a review of the unincorporated area was conducted to assess existing and new hazards through utilization of MyPlan assessment tool, the Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) and the National Risk Index (NRI). 3.7 Public Outreach Public notice for the MJLHMP update was posted on the Emergency Management Department Website (RivCoEMD.org), various social media platforms including Twitter and announced at various community and advisory meetings throughout the County. Feedback on the MJLHMP was open to the public and made available online. Members of the public were requested to provide insight into concerns and mitigation activities regarding the hazards affecting their specific communities. Comments received focused on identifying highest hazards concerns and mitigation activities to be addressed in the MJLHMP. (Please see Appendix C for all outreach and meeting information) County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 94 | Section 3Emergency Services Coordinators (ESCs) solicited public comment on the MJLHMP and dispersed personal preparedness materials including National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) information throughout the County. The educational outreach was also presented at county facilitated Community Emergency Response Team training (CERT) events as well as at community events. In addition, the county sent post cards with information on National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to county owed fire stations. Every year during National Preparedness Month, ESCs will continue to seek comments throughout the planning cycle. English and Spanish versions of the survey and handouts were made available. Please see Appendix C for a list of 2022 National Preparedness Month outreach dates and locations. Figure 10: EMD LHMP Website LHMP URL: https://rivcoready.org/about-emd/plans/local-hazard-mitigation-plan County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 95 | Section 3Figure 11: Twitter Post Twitter URL: https://twitter.com/RivCoReady?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Eembeddedtimeline%7Ctwterm%5Escreen-name%3ARivCoReady%7Ctwcon%5Es2 County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 96 | Section 3Figure 12: LHMP English Postcard Side 1 Figure 13: LHMP English Postcard Side 2 County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 97 | Section 3Figure 14: LHMP Spanish Postcard Side 1 Figure 15: LHMP Spanish Postcard Side 2
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 98 | Section 3Figure 16: Outreach Public Comment Flyer County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 99 | Section 33.7.1 Hazard Mitigation Meetings Internal EMD Planning meetings were held to discuss review findings and the process was planned as explained in Section 3.1. The EMD MJLHMP Planning Team met regularly to discuss plan progress, participant status and any other matters as necessary. Organizational efforts were initiated with the County and participating jurisdictions to inform and educate the participants of the purpose and need for updating the MJLHMP. The MJLHMP update process was initially discussed with OAPC during their January 12, 2022, meeting. The MJLHMP kick-off meeting was held on June 15, 2022. In August of 2022, four (4) workshops were then held for OA participants, two focused on the participants on the eastern side of the county and two focused on the participants on the western side of the county. MJLHMP participants were informed of training and educational webinar opportunities via email as they were identified by EMD planning staff. Table 8: Presentations and Meetings The following table documents public outreach efforts and community meetings:
Outreach Presentations and Updates
Date Name of Meeting Type of Presentation 1/13/2022 Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) Meeting
Informed OA on upcoming plan to update
1/27/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Managers Association (RCEMA)
MJLHMP status update
3/24/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update 4/13/2022 OA Steering Committee Review of hazards, goals, objectives and strategies 5/12/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 5/26/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update 6/15/2022 OA Update Kickoff Meeting LHMP discussion, Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update process, encouraged participation and Public Outreach
7/28/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 100 | Section 3 8/3/2022 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Update mitigation strategies and finalize hazard profile definitions
8/17/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements and timelines
8/18/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Management Health Care Coalition (RCEMHCC)
MJLHMP status update and outreach for participation
8/24/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements timeline 10/5/2022 OA MJHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting 11/3/2022 Operational Area Planning
Committee (OAPC) & Disaster Council Meeting
MJLHMP status update
11/10/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 1/4/2023 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting 1/12/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 3/9/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 3/23/2023 OAPC MJLHMP status update 4/3/2023 OA MJHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines MLHMP & LHMP status updates County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 101 | Section 3Table 9: Participant Meetings The following table documents participant & Informational meetings:
Date Meeting Purpose 2/17/2022 Initial EMD MJLHMP leadership team development / discuss MJLHMP update strategies 3/22/2022 EMD MJLHMP team discuss assignments and responsibilities 6/6/2022 Initial weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 6/13/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 6/20/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 6/27/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 7/6/2022 RCIT Mitigation project tracking and ranking 7/11/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 7/18/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 7/25/2022 GIS and HAZUS requirements & needs with EMD staff 7/27/2022 RCIT hazard mitigation project identification 8/1/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/8/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/9/2022 LHMP update guidance Moreno Valley EM 8/15/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/22/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/29/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/30/2022 Planning risk assessments for County Departments 9/5/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/12/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/19/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/22/2022 Cyber Terrorism risk assessment with RCIT 9/22/2022 Risk assessment assignment and information planning X2 9/26/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/28/2022 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance for Beaumont City 10/3/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 10/17/2022 City of Beaumont EMD and Cal OES clarification & assistance 10/20/2022 Risk and capabilities assessment with County Departments 10/20/2022 Follow up risk and capabilities assessment with County Flood Department 10/24/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 10/31/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 102 | Section 3 10/31/2022 MJLHMP next steps planning meeting EMD Planning team 11/08/2022 IID LHMP review, update process and clarification assistance 11/14/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 11/21/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 11/30/2022 GIS capabilities update with Cal OES and EMD 12/5/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 12/12/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 12/13/2022 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Eastvale 1/4/2023 GIS mapping meeting EMD staff 1/5/2023 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Riverside 1/9/2023 Peer review Norco LHMP 1/10/2023 Peer review Calimesa LHMP 1/11/2023 Follow up meeting with County Flood Department 1/16/2023 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 1/18/2023 IID Peer review of LHMP 1/18/2023 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Indian Wells 2/7/2023 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Indio 3/13/2023 Desert Healthcare District & Foundation (DHCD) was unaware of the workshops & meetings. This meeting was with Conrado Barzarga, Chris Christensen, and Kevin Moore to discuss what needs to be done for them to be a participant and submit a LHMP annex 3/21/23 Follow up Zoom meeting with DHCD representatives: Conrado Barzarga, Chris Christensen, and Kevin Moore
See Appendix C for a list of meetings. Many meetings were held virtually and supporting documentation will be provided upon request. Public outreach for the MJLHMP process was conducted through multiple forums including in-person meetings, community event booths and online via survey. The forums and facilitators outlined a brief history of previous hazards, mitigation actions, and the benefits of a multi-jurisdictional hazard mitigation plan in Riverside County to interested parties. As part of the public outreach and planning, participating members of the public were asked if they were concerned with any hazards or problems occurring in their living or working areas relevant to the identified hazards.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 103 | Section 3The top hazards participants identified as having the highest potential threat to their communities was as follows:
x Earthquake x Wildland Fire x Pandemic x Floods x Emerging Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Additional actions requested by the public for local government to take to reduce or eliminate the risk of future hazard damages were summarized as follows:
x Monitor community development relevant to hazards x Providing personal preparedness training and education for hazards x Improve community infrastructure to be resilient to disasters x Improve community education on hazards within communities x Ensure climate change is incorporated for applicable hazard profiles The MJLHMP planning team reviewed the public input (comments, suggestions, and general feedback) and adjusted the hazard profiles accordingly. Hazard profiles are located in Section 5, and / or mitigation actions tables within this plan. The public input identified actions that need improvement relating to personal preparedness, and community education as noted above. The MJLHMP planning team identified that this can be improved by expanding our mitigation outreach capabilities as identified in section 7.5.1 of this plan. A specific improvement within 7.5.1 titled Improvement to Outreach in disadvantaged communities was developed to improve our mitigation outreach capability by assigning staff to conduct community education throughout the lifecycle of this plan. The purpose of the assigned activities will be to educate the public and specifically vulnerable populations on the different community hazards and educate the public on steps to take to be resilient to community hazards. The public input also identified the need for continued personal preparedness training. The MJLHMP Planning Team leveraged this input and identified CERT Training and retention as a high priority project that must continue to be implemented as a mitigation project. This project is identified within Table 12 of this document, the 2023 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions Table.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 104 | Section 33.8 Existing Plans and Studies Coordination with other community planning efforts is paramount to the success of the MJLHMP. Hazard mitigation planning involves identifying existing policies, tools, and actions that will reduce a community’s risk and vulnerability to hazards. Riverside County uses a variety of comprehensive planning mechanisms, such as general plans and ordinances, to guide growth and development. Integrating existing planning efforts, mitigation policies, and action strategies into the MJLHMP establishes a credible and comprehensive way to tie into and support other community programs. This MJLHMP incorporates information from the following existing plans, ordinances, studies, reports, initiatives, and other relevant data from neighboring communities and other jurisdictions. x General Plan
o Safety Element
x Zoning Ordinances x Subdivision Ordinances x Water Conservation x Wildfire Ordinance x California Building Codes x Riverside County Flood Control Master Drainage Plan x Community Wildfire Protection Plan(s) x Riverside County Flood Insurance Studies x Riverside County Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan x State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 105 This page intentionally left blank.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 106 | Section 4Section 4.0 – Updates and Mitigation Actions 4.1 Updates to 2023 MJLHMP Plan During the 2023 MJLHMP update, Riverside County OA identified additional revisions to hazard definitions, Flu Pandemic was changed to Pandemic and Aqueduct was changed to Aqueduct Failure. These revisions clarify and/or expand upon the profile of each updated hazard definition. In the 2023 MJLHMP pandemic ranked within our top identified hazards with earthquakes, wildland fires, floods, emerging /re-emerging infectious diseases. The MJLHMP Steering Committee determined that communications failure should be added to the hazards in the 2018 MJLHMP because of its potential to affect response capabilities. Communication failures can have a detrimental effect on the operation of the County Emergency Operation Center (EOC) ultimately hindering the OA’s ability to return to normal operations. The maps that are in the 2023 MJLHMP plan are current maps from EMD GIS Specialist and Cal OES’s MyPlan Program.Some revisions to the 2023 plan mitigation actions included:
x Revised Risk Assessment, concerning updated hazard information x Changed jurisdictional and Special Districts participants. x Incorporation of existing plans, ordinances, and studies. There have been no changes in the priorities such as hazards to be mitigated or type of mitigation actions pursued. For a list of mitigation priorities, see Table 10 of this plan.
The goals, objectives and mitigation strategies reflect our top ten (10) hazards and risks for Riverside County.
1. Earthquake 2. Wildland Fire 3. Emerging/Re-emerging
Infectious Diseases
4. Pandemic 5. Floods 6. Electrical Failure 7. Extreme Weather
8. Drought 9. Hazardous Material Incident 10. Cyber Attack / Cyber Terrorism
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 107 | Section 44.2 Hazard Updates The hazards identified in the 2023 update MJLHMP remain similar to the 2018 MJLHMP. However, OAPC changed flu pandemic to pandemic and aqueduct to aqueduct failure at their January 13, 2022, meeting for the 2023 MJLHMP update. Table 10: Hazard Identification Hazard Reason Hazard Identified
Earthquake
x History of events x Presence of fault lines and geologic activity Pandemic x Due to viruses constantly mutating and becoming more contiguous Wildland Fire x History of events x Presence of a large amount of timber and brush
Electrical Failure x History of events Emerging / Re-emerging Infectious Diseases x History of events
Cyber Attack x History of events and danger to sensitive security information for Health Care Facilities Terrorist Event x Heightened sense of awareness since September 2001 x History of event in December 2015
Communications Failure x History of events
x Impact level of events
Flood x History of events Civil Disorder x Vulnerability due to number of public venues Drought x History of events x Potential to drastically increase wildfire hazard
Nuclear/Radiological Incident
x Vulnerability due to hazardous material incidents, dirty bombs or improvised explosive devices
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 108 | Section 4 Extreme Weather x History of events Transportation Failure x History of events and the presence of many transportation corridors and airport flight paths Dam Failure x Vulnerability of dams Aqueduct Failure x Presence of aqueducts serving multiple counties Tornado x History of events Insect Infestation x History of events Jail/Prison Event x Vulnerability from events at correctional facilities Pipeline Disruption x History of events x Multiple pipelines within the OA
Landslide x History of events HazMat Incident
x History of events x Many transportation corridors and hazardous materials facilities
Water Supply Disruption/Contamination
x History of events x Potential disruption to the OA
Non-Profiled Hazards The MJLHMP planning team reviewed data and discussed several other hazards, which were eliminated from further discussion because they occur rarely and/or their impacts pose little to no risk. The list below details these hazards and provides a brief explanation for their omission from further profiling. x Avalanche – Snowfall is an isolated problem to our mountain communities such as Idyllwild, the frequency of this hazard impacting those communities is very limited. x Coastal Erosion/Storm – This hazard is very unlikely to impact the County due to the distance from coast and the ocean.
x Hurricane - This hazard is unlikely to impact the County due to its geographic location. x Tsunami -This hazard is very unlikely to impact the County due its distance from ocean.
x Volcano - This hazard is unlikely to impact the County due to its proximity to active volcanos.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 109 | Section 44.3 Mitigation Actions and Updates
4.3.1 2018 Plan Mitigation Actions (Historical Reference) 2018 mitigation strategies and projects are summarized in the following table: Table 11: 2018 Plan Mitigation Actions 2018 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions Table
Type of
Hazard Mitigation Actions Departments/ Jurisdictions Status Update/Timeframe Potential
Funding
Source
Status of
moving to
2023
MJLHMP
All Hazards
CERT Training and retention
County of
Riverside
Emergency
Management
Department
(EMD)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). There will be one yearly training in each county district to ensure members of the community get the opportunity to refresh and reinforce CERT skills. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
State
Homeland
Security
Program
(SHSP)
Yes
All Hazards
Continue to utilize the Safety Element of the Riverside County General Plan and the Riverside County FD Master Plan as base documents to implement goals, objectives and mitigation actions All Riverside
County
Departments
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). The Safety Element in the General Plan is updated as new information and changes arise. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Earthquake
Working with CalOES and FEMA to revise the Southern California Catastrophic Earthquake Response Plan All Cities in
Riverside
County
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Riverside County will continue to collaborate with Cal OES/ FEMA to improve this plan. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 110 | Section 4 Earthquake
Reviewed Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD), Structural Performance Categories and Nonstructural Performance Categories (SPC/NPC) Ratings of Acute Care Hospital Buildings and reported the findings at EM Healthcare Coalition EMD &
Hospitals
within
Riverside
County
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). These reports will continuously be reviewed to ensure updates and consistencies with any changes. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
Hospital
Preparedness
Program
(HPP) Grant
Yes
Earthquake
Worked with local City Emergency Manager (EM) to address ’08 Golden Guardian Riverside County Shake Out Scenario/Assumptions EMD Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). County will continuously work with City EM to update, inform and improve the annual Shake Out Scenario and help the community increase their preparedness skills. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Earthquake
Mitigate potential seismic hazards through adoption and strict enforcement of current building codes County of
Riverside
Transportation
Land
Management
Agency
(TLMA)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). The codes will be revised and updated to be consistent with emergency measures that can help prevent earthquake impacts in county buildings. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Pandemic
Flu
Provide training on immunization techniques
Riverside
University
Health
System-Public
Health
(RUHS-PH)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue training to teach any new techniques, strategies, and to ensure all staff are proficient. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
Public Health Emergency Preparedness Grant (PHEP)
Yes
Pandemic
Flu
Participated and conducted a Non-Medical Intervention
Tabletop Exercise
EMD &
RUHS-PH
Completed on 09/28/2015 Pan Flu
Grant
PHEP Grant
No
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 111 | Section 4 Pandemic
Flu
Participated and conducted a Flu vaccination exercise
EMD &
RUHS-PH
Completed on 11/10/2016 Pan Flu
Grant
PHEP Grant
No
Pandemic
Flu
Generate a draft Crisis Care Plan
EMD &
RUHS-PH
Completed 08/30/2016 Pan Flu
Grant
PHEP Grant
HPP Grant
No
Pandemic
Flu
Training Medical Reserve Corp (MRC) in hospital surge exercises EMD Started in 2011 and is on-going
for the life of the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue training to keep updating and informing volunteers to increase their skills. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
HPP Grant
State
and
SHSP
No
Pandemic
Flu
Training Medical Reserve Corp. (MRC) volunteers in Alternate Care Site EMD Completed in 2014 HPP Grant
SHSP
Pan Flu
Grant
No
Wildland
Fire
Create wildfire protection zones that reduce the risks to citizens and firefighters from fire dangers Riverside
County Fire
Department &
CAL FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously update and develop protection zones that can help decrease wildfire risks in the community. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Strengthen defensible space inspections in fire prone areas Riverside
County Fire
Department &
CAL FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue inspections in locations that are susceptible to fires. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
State/County
General
Funds &
Structural
Fire Taxes
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Continue maintenance of existing fire roads throughout the county to provide fire department access Riverside
County Fire
Department &
CAL FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue keeping the roads well paved and easy to have fire trucks be able to drive on. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Combined
into one
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 112 | Section 4 Wildland
Fire
Fuel reduction projects throughout the county to reduce fire potential Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously improve and develop projects to lower the impact of fires in the county. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Develop and enforce construction and design standards that ensure the development incorporates fire prevention features Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously enforce and update measures to prevent fire hazards. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
Developer
Fees
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Conduct and implement long range fire safe planning through code adoption/policies consistent with the Safety Element of the General Plan Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
& TLMA
(Planning
Division)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously implement code policies to integrate them into the Safety Element as they are developed/updated and approved. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
and Fire
Marshal Fees
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Ben Clark Training Center to provide wildland fire protection related classes to fire personnel Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously make sure that this center is available to provide wildland fire protection classes to fire staff to improve their skills on fire mitigation and preparedness. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General
Fund, private
colleges fees,
and State
Mission
Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Continue wildland fire suppression/preparedness to maintain a state of readiness throughout the year Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously provide skills training to the community to be prepared for disasters. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention, identification, and mitigation of Goldspot Oak Bore Beetle (GSOB) trees at various infestation levels on State Responsibility Area (SRA)
CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Monitor infestation levels of GSOB trees to continue removing infested trees if necessary. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 113 | Section 4 lands throughout the county. Herbicide or tree removal if necessary and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention, identification and mitigation of Pine Bark Beetle infestation, epidemic during times of drought. Removal of trees that are symptomatic or the use of pesticide when applicable
CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Monitor infestation levels of Pine Bark Beetle to continue removing infested trees or to continue using pesticides if necessary. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Continue Truck Trail and road maintenance to provide access for fire suppression vehicles and personnel.
CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously preserve and improve Truck Trail and roads, if needed, for rapid available access to fire suppression vehicles. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
combined
into one
Wildland
Fire
Continue Fire Road maintenance of culverts and road prisms in open space areas on SRA land to allow for adequate drainage.
CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously preserve and improve culverts and road prisms, if needed, for sufficient drainage. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
combined
into one for
2023
MJLHMP
Electrical
Failure
Coordinated with Southern California Edison to be included in their power outage notifications EMD Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). EMD joined SoCal
Edison’s recipient list as of Dec. 2016 to continuously be informed of any emergency notifications to help prevent electrical failure impacts. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Drafted a Region VI Highly Contagious Disease Transportation Plan EMD Completed on 12/08/2016. HPP Grant
Ebola Grant
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 114 | Section 4 Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Facilitated a Region VI Highly Contagious Disease Transportation Tabletop Exercise EMD Completed on 09/29/2016
The situation manual for this was completed on 11/14/2016 HPP Grant
Ebola Grant
No
Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Drafted a Riverside County Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Preparedness and Response Plan (VHF Plan) EMD &
RUHS-PH
Completed on 11/2016 HPP Grant
Ebola Grant
No
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Intrusion
Prevention System (IPS)
Protects the county network from Internet-based threats and attacks (~140,000 attacks/day on average)
Riverside
County
Technology Information
(RCIT)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue to update/ maintain IPS network to protect the county from cyber-attacks or threats. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Breach Detection
System
Inspects all internal/lateral county network traffic for indicators of compromise (IOC) enabling ISO to detect, respond to, contain, prevent cyber-attacks, network reconnaissance, malware outbreaks, data exfiltration, and C2 (command & control) and botnet activities RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously inspect
the county network to detect forms of threats or attacks. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Albert Sensor
Monitors/reports to the Center for Internet Security (CIS) Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) all Domain Name
System (DNS) and NetFlow traffic for correlation with the Department of Homeland Security’s threat intelligence database for real-time alerting of malicious network connections to blacklisted IP address on the Internet RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously maintain the Albert Sensor in order keep having the association with the Department of Homeland Security’s database on alerting network threats for the county. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 115 | Section 4 Cyber
Attack
Countywide Security
Awareness Training
SANS Securing The human information security and privacy training modules deployed on county learning management system (LMS) Educates our workforce on how to be extra vigilant and things to look out for to avoid falling victim to a targeted attack RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously provide training to the county’s workforce on signs of cyberattacks and prevent them from being a victim of these attacks. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Security
Information Event
Management (SIEM)
Serves as the county’s centralized security event log management repository and correlation engine RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continue to maintain
the SIEM to monitor and prevent security threats. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Internet Proxy
(Web Filter)
Prevents county employees and malware from accessing malicious / compromised command & control (C2) websites and servers, in addition to non-county authorized websites based on category/content filtration policies/rules RCIT May 2017 – December 2018
Product (Blue Coat Proxy Advance Secure Gateway (ASG)) has been procured and is in the process of being deployed.
County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Governance, Risk, &
Compliance (GRC)
Software Suite
Platform on which our security operations (active network monitoring, breach detection, incident response, business impact analysis, threat containment / eradication, alerting/reporting, process workflow automation, security audits, risk assessments / register, regulatory compliance checks) will be carried out RCIT Implementation estimated to
begin in June 2017 – July 2018.
Product (RSA Archer GRC) has been procured and is in the process of being deployed.
County
General Fund
No
Not longer
viable
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 116 | Section 4 Cyber
Attack
Security Operations Center
(SOC)
Planning phase completed. Construction estimated to begin in September 2017 RCIT September 2017 – September
2018.The County’s Cyber Security Operations Center (SOC) is under construction.
County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Information Security
Forum (ISF)
Convene on a quarterly basis with department information security officers/liaisons to discuss key security topics, risk trends, and other related matters, including: Formation of a Critical Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT)Conducting security incident/breach simulations and tabletop exercises RCIT October 2018 – ongoing
This forum will be on-going for
the life of the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Will continue to conduct constant security incident/breach simulations and tabletop exercises that can help prevent cyber-attacks in the future. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.The ISO is in the process of identifying members to serve on the Critical Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT). Estimated timeline for formation and initial kickoff meeting is October 2018.
County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
SWAT team trained to respond to terrorism events
Riverside
County
Sheriff
(RSO)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously provide training to reflect personnel attrition and train on new tactics. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Hazard Device Team trained to respond to terrorism events RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously provide training to reflect personnel attrition and train on new tactics and trends. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 117 | Section 4 Terrorist
Event
Sheriff Emergency Response Team trained to respond to terrorism events RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously provide training to reflect personnel attrition and train on new trends. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Sheriff personnel are assigned to the Joint Terrorism Task Force RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously integrate new sheriff personnel to improve this group’s structure and capabilities. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Ben Clark Training Center provides terrorism related classes for Law Enforcement and First Responders.
RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Classes are funded
each year through the State Homeland Security Program (SHSP) to continuously educate and train personnel on new skills and improve their abilities. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Tactical response training RSO &
Riverside
County Fire
Department
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously train and improve on tactical response. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Communicat
ions Failure
County of Riverside
Network (CORNET)
Redundant Internet connections
Backbone links are configured with a mesh topology to provide full redundancy RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously configure links to prevent the termination of internet connections. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 118 | Section 4 Communicat
ions Failure
Enterprise Voice Network
(VoIP)
Centralized SIP trunking for ingress/egress PSTN access via 8 geographically separated locationsCarrier failover protection for inbound voice trafficEnterprise call processing for VoIP Endpoints are logically and physically separated into 3 datacenters ensuring a HighAvailability solutionRemote site routers configured for SRST; in times of WAN outages, local IP Phones will re-register to local equipment, providing inter-site calling and
access to the PSAP via carrier provided analog circuits RCIT Ongoing for the life of the
current plan (yrs. 2018-2023).
Continuously provide accessibility to phone carrier connection and call processing. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
Communicat
ions Failure
Enterprise Best Practices
Internal escalation contact list for all essential personal readily available 24x7 On-Call staffing availability for both Voice and Data NetworksVendor support available at 24x7x4 for all critical Network and Voice equipmentRegular professional staff training on emerging technologiesFrequent equipment configuration backups to SAN Critical Enterprise level equipment is located at facilities with full battery and generator backup power RCIT Ongoing for the current plan
(yrs. 2018-2023). Continue to
update contact list when staff support is needed in case of emergencies. Continue to train staff on technologies that arise and equip facilities with power backup supplies. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Yes
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 119 | Section 4 Communicat
ions Failure
Enterprise Emergency
Notification System
InformaCast Advanced onpremise notification solution for immediate reach to the County’s 20,000+ VoIP endpointsInformaCast Mobile cloudbased notification solution to extend the County’s reach offnetwork to mobile devices such as cellular phones and tablets RCIT On Premise solution has been
rolled out to all County VoIP endpoints. Mobile Solution was rolled out to EMD. Mobile solution is ready to be rolled out to other departments as requested. Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue to have a notification system that connects with off-network devices in case of communication failure, including Wi-Fi. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Department
Funds;
departments who wish to
use this
service will
be billed
back to the
departments
based on how
many users
Yes
Communicat
ions Failure
Network Connectivity
Use of Cellular based redundant WAN links for critical county locations.
Introduction of MPLS technologies to provide alternate network paths for County locations RCIT Several locations have purchased
a Cellular based redundant WAN link. Solution can be purchased by other departments. Installation can take up to 6 weeks to install, based on availability.Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue to provide alternate network paths for County locations during a communication failure. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
Department
Funds;
billable by
the cellular
carrier to
requesting
departments
Yes
Flood
University Wash Channel,
Stage 3 Project No. 221-1-8-
00120-03-12
This project will increase public safety/improve local
economics by retrofitting an older, built-out commercial/ industrial area with drainage infrastructure to alleviate flood damage to existing businesses.
Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (RCFCWCD) Notice To Proceed 2/21/17 Completed 11/14/17
Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$3,044,500
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 120 | Section 4 The project will address street and intersection flooding Flood
Monroe MDP – Monroe
Channel Project No. 1-8-
00071 Stage 4
Replacement of City’s existing open channel with underground reinforced concrete box with 10-year storm capacity at request of the City of Riverside. Project limits are from California Avenue upstream to Magnolia Avenue RCFCWCD Expected to be advertise in 4th
Quarter 2016 Notice to Proceed 8/30/17Completed 5/01/18 Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$2,489,067
No
Flood
Jurupa – Pyrite MDP Line
A-2 Project No. 1-8-00234
Stage 1
Master planned lateral stormdrain to Jurupa Channel. Project is east-west drain crossing Agate Street about 1,000 feet south of Jurupa Road. Outlet point at Jurupa Channel is unimproved and likely to remain so.
RCFCWCD 30 percent Plans & R/W
Acquisition as of 1/10/17Projected Start: 9/2018Projected End: during the life of the plan (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$338,332
No
Flood
University MDP Line 3
Project No. 1-8-09020 Stage
1 approximately 2,900 ft of 30” RCP east in Blaine St. then northeast to Blaine St. Retention Basin, located 600 ft. north of Blaine St. between Valencia Hill Dr. and Mt. Vernon Ave. Budgeted for scoping study and evaluation of FEMA map floodplain limits only RCFCWCD Pending approval
Projected Start: 12/2020Projected End: during the timeframe of the MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$2,926,028
No
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 121 | Section 4 Flood
Santa Ana River StabilizationProject No. 1-8-00010 Stg. 90 USACE is expected to initiate restoration of the federally constructed reach of the Santa Ana River Levee system downstream of San Bernardino County line to Tequesquite. Work will likely include repair of groins and toe protection RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end: during the timeframe of the MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$10,685,000
No
Flood
Sycamore Dam – Outlet Structure Modifications
Project No. 1-8-00042
This project will upgrade the level of safety and serviceability. Initial project components include the repair/reinforcement of the existing outlet channel; construction of a new debris rack structure; erosion control on the embankment of the dam; construction of a safer access road into the facility; design for a safer routing of flood waters from the emergency spillway to Central Avenue; and the installation of a control section to measure outflow from the outlet pipe of the dam. Completion of this project is planned to follow the Woodcrest Dam Outlet Modification project.
RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete 5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during the timeframe of the MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$1,854,991
No
Flood
Box Springs Dam – Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1-8-00041
Reconstruct outlet structure to prevent blockage from sediment accumulation RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete 5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start /end: during the MJLHMP timeframe (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$981,842
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 122 | Section 4 Flood
Alessandro Dam Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1-8-00043
Reconstruct outlet structure to prevent blockage from sediment accumulation RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete 5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$907,682
No
Flood
Prenda Dam Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1-8-00044
Reconstruct outlet structure to prevent blockage from sediment accumulation RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete. 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$1,238,312
No
Flood
Woodcrest Dam Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1-8-00045
This project will upgrade the level of safety/serviceability. The approved Project Charter identifies the primary scope of work for the project as follows: design/construction of a new inlet structure to reduce potential for clogging of the outlet works; rehabilitation of existing outlet gate assembly and control stem; implementation of automated gate control system; rehabilitation of the outlet pipe; restoration of outlet channel; and install of surficial erosion controls on the surface of the dam embankment. This project will serve as an example for performing similar upgrades to the remaining Riverside Reservoirs
RCFCWCD Development of design plans
and specifications on hold until latest Geotechnical investigation is completeProjected Start: March 2019Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$2,216,529
No
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 123 | Section 4 Flood
Corona MDP 5 Stage 1 Project No. 2-8-00280 This project includes the construction of an underground storm drain beginning in Sherman Ave. south of Railroad St. and extending down Railroad Street westerly to Smith St. The City is willing to use District funding for the design/construction of this project RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$1,397,201
No
Flood
Corona MDP Line 52 Stage 1 Project No. 2-8-00350 An underground storm drain extending north from Third St. along E. Grand Blvd. then under the 91 Freeway to Temescal Creek Channel City Of Corona
Notice to Proceed 7/29/17 Expected Completion: Summer 2018 Riverside
County Flood Control funds
City of Corona Funds
Cost:
$4,522,000
No
Flood
Coldwater Canyon
Structural Improvements
Project 2-8-00505
Proposed conceptual improvements include 1) reducing flood risk andnuisance to traveling public on Temescal Canyon Rd. at the intersection of Glen Ivy Rd.; and 2) an armored berm along the east bank of Coldwater Wash down stream of the intersection of Temescal Canyon Rd. and Glen Ivy Rd. The armored berm would prevent the migration of the active Coldwater Wash Channel, thereby protecting the west side of the Mountain Cove Development. Conceptual improvements are pending friendly acquisition of the underlying parcels needed for the project RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$6,005,806
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 124 | Section 4 Flood
Coldwater Canyon
Floodplain Acquisition
Project No. 2-8-00505
Funded portion of project includes a hydrologic and
geomorphologic assessment of Coldwater Canyon Wash from Glen Ivy Road to Temescal Wash. Study will evaluate the stability of Coldwater Canyon Wash and recommend potential minimalist interventions to protect Squaw Mountain Bridge and prevent erosion of Painted Hills development canyon slopes along Coldwater Canyon Wash. Balance of funds would support potential interventions recommended by the report including floodplain buyout RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside County Flood Control funds Cost: included in the $6,005,806 amount for Coldwater Canyon Structural Improvement project listed above No
Flood
Southeast Compton Wash
at Corona Sanitary landfill
Project No. 2-8-09054
Riverside County Waste Mgmt District has requested assistance in solving ongoing flooding/erosion issues along southeast side of the landfill Riverside
County
Waste
Managemen
t District**
Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$500,000
No
Flood
Lake Mathews Estates Water Quality Pond Project 2-8-09058 Proposed in the “Drainage Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Matthews Watershed”, this roughly 10-acre project shall be located on the south side of Cajalco Rd. about ¾-mile west of WoodRd. The project will capture first flush runoff from Cajalco Creek and carry it to an off-channel pond to be treated and/or infiltrated RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$2,794,983
No
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 125 | Section 4 Flood
LITTLE LAKE MDP LINE
B, STG 1 STETSON AVE
CHANNEL, STG 7 aka
HEMET MDP LINE D
Project #s 224-4-8-00265-01-12
224-4-8-00211-07-12
RCFCWCD constructed a segment of the District’s Little Lake MOP Line B. The infrastructure will diminish floods and damage to private property /businesses, improve safety of traveling public during storm events. The new drain will reduce flood related repair /maintenance costs for streets in the City of Hemet. Little Lake MDP Line B Stg 1 is located in the City of Hemet and extends into the City of
San Jacinto/unincorporated
Riverside County at approx. 300 feet north of Berkley Ave and terminating at 200 feet south of Florida RCFCWCD Stage 1 Completed 06/21/16
Stage 2 Pending approvalProjected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost: $6,398,777
No
Flood
Temescal Wash Floodplain
Project No. 2-8-00052
Acquisition of floodplain area for flood protection, water conservation and habitat mitigation banking RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$23,534,000
No
Flood
Ortega Channel Retrofit
Project No. 3-8-00070
Project will replace a portion of the clog-prone storm drain with a more accessible/ maintainable open channel
RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$1,628,761
No
Flood
Little Lake MDP Line B
Stage 2
Project No. 4-8-00265
An underground storm drain from just south of Florida Ave., southerly in Meridian Street to Whittier Ave.
RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$6,804,257
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 126 | Section 4 Flood
San Jacinto River Stage 3
Project No. 4-8-00020
“Stage 3” covers the nearly 10-mile river reach beginning at the entrance to Railroad Canyon and ending upstream at the Ramona Expressway crossing near the Bernasconi Hills. This environmentally and fiscally challenged project has seen several evolutions and has been essentially dormant for a decade. Funding shown is for intensive planning / engineering study of options for managing future development. Goal is to develop a viable project for the San Jacinto River from Ramona Expressway to Railroad Canyon considering flood management, transportation, environmental and other opportunities and constraints RCFCWCD Pending approval
Projected Start: 11/2019Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
ADP (Area
Drainage
Plan) Funds
Cost:
$70,000,000
No
Flood
Beaumont MDP Line 16
Stage 1
Project No. 5-8-00201
Project would build MDP Line 16 in Grand Avenue from Beaumont Cherry Valley Water District (BCVWD) infiltration ponds easterly to Bellflower Avenue as an element of a cooperative project with the BCVWD to provide both flood control and storm water capture to recharge groundwater
RCFCWCD Pending approval
Projected Start: 12/2020Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$5,353,074
No
Flood
Murrieta Creek Channel
(Phase II & III) Project No.
7-8-00021
Murrieta Creek Flood Control Project from Old Town Temecula to Elm Street in Murrieta RCFCWCD /United States Army Corps of Engineers*
Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$82,000,000
No
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 127 | Section 4 Flood
Whitewater River Levee
Restoration Project No. 6-8-
00250
Restoration work to increase freeboard and bring levee adjacent to Cimarron Golf Resort into compliance with FEMA certification guidelines RCFCWCD Pending – Full scope
of restoration work not yet established but funding figure shown is based on preliminary engineer’s estimate5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:1,260,0
00 No
Flood
Palm Canyon Wash –
Cherley Creek Levee
Restoration Stage 90 Project
No. 6-8-00040
Major construction to bring levee serving small tributary upstream of South Palm Canyon Wash into compliance with FEMA certification guidelines. Project will be combination of RSP and soilcement lined channel and levee RCFCWCD Expected Advertise Date: 2nd
Quarter 2018Projected Start: 08/2019Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$6,187,021
No
Flood
Banning MDP Line D-2
Stage 1
Project No. 5-8-00169
This project is over one mile of underground storm drain that connects to the existing Ramsey Street Storm Drain at the intersection of Hargrave Street and Ramsey Street. It includes Line D-2, Stage 1 which will continue northerly along Hargrave Street for approximately 5,250 feet before terminating at Indian School Lane. Line D-2A, Stage 1 will tie into Line D-2 at the intersection of Hargrave Street and Theodore Street. Line D-2A will continue westerly along Theodore Street for approximately 600 feet before terminating at Florida Street.
RCFCWCD /City of Banning
Notice to Proceed: 5/15/17 Completed: 2/27/18
Riverside
County Flood Control funds
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 128 | Section 4 Civil
Disorder
Trained and equipped Mobile Field Force Teams throughout the county RSO Ongoing for the current plan
(yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously
provide training to reflect personnel attrition; Less-lethal equipment acquired. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.
County
General Fund
No
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 129 | Section 44.3.2 Prioritization Process Once the mitigation actions were identified, the Steering Committee was provided with FEMA’s recommended STAPLEE prioritization criteria for deciding ranking of mitigation actions. STAPLEE stands for the following: • Social: Does the action treat people fairly? (e.g., different groups, different generations) Does it consider social equity, disadvantaged communities, or vulnerable populations? • Technical: Will it work? (Is the action technically feasible? Does it solve the problem?)• Administrative: Is there capacity to implement and manage the project? (adequate staffing, funding, and other capabilities to implement the project?) • Political: Who are the stakeholders? Did they get to participate? Will there be adequate political and public support for the project? • Legal: Does the jurisdiction have the legal authority to implement the action? Is it legal? Are the reliability implications? • Economic: Is the action cost-beneficial? Is there funding available? Will the action contribute to the local economy? • Environmental: Does the action comply with environmental regulations? Will there be negative environmental consequences from the action? In accordance with the Disaster Mitigation Act requirements, an emphasis was placed on the importance of a benefit-cost analysis in determining action priority. Other criteria used to assist in evaluating the benefit-cost of a mitigation action included: •Does the action address the hazards or areas with the highest risk?•Does the action protect lives?•Does the action protect infrastructure, community assets or critical facilities?•Does the action meet multiple objectives (Multiple Objective Management)?•What will the action cost?•What is the timing of available funding? County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 130 | Section 4The mitigation categories, multi-hazard actions, and criteria are included in Appendix C. The 2023 MJLHMP Steering Committee reviewed and discussed the STAPLEE criteria to determine which 2023 mitigation actions scored the highest after comparing them to the STAPLEE criteria. Actions identified in the 2018 MJLHMP that were carried over into the updated 2023 MJLHMP were prioritized and ranked with the new mitigation actions. STAPLEE scores 40 and greater were prioritized as high, scores between 30 and 39 were periodized as medium and scores below 30 were prioritized as low based on the established goals in Section 8. Table 12: 2023 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions 2023 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions Table
Type of
Hazard
Mitigation Actions Lead Dept/
Jurisdiction
Status / Timeframes From
2018
MJLHMP
Estimate
Cost and
Funding
Priority
Multiple
Continue using Riverside County General Plan, its Safety Element, and the MJLHMP to implement goals, objectives, and mitigation actions County
departments
Ongoing 2023-2028.
The Safety Element in General Plan was updated on 9/28/21. This action will be reassessed during MJLHMP maintenance
Yes Cost is
negligible
County
General
Fund
High
Multiple
CERT Training and retention
Emergency
Management
Department
(EMD)
Ongoing 2023-2028.
CERT volunteers are directed to opportunities such as RACES, General Volunteers, and Medical Reserve Corps Yes $50,000 /yr.
SHSP
High
Earthquake
Conduct annual Great Shakeout earthquake drills and collaborate with city emergency managers to increase community earthquake preparedness EMD Ongoing 2023-2028 Yes Cost is
negligible
BRIC
HMGP
Low
Earthquake
Update the 2010 Southern California Catastrophic Earthquake Response Plan EMD &
Cities within
Riverside
County
2023-2025. Riverside
County will continue to collaborate with Cal OES/ FEMA to update this plan. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the MJLHMP Yes $100,000
BRIC
HMGP
County
General
Fund
High
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 131 | Section 4 Earthquake
Seismic compliance for acute care hospitals
EMD &
Riverside
County
Hospitals
2023-2028. Riverside
County will continue to collaborate with California Department of Health Care Access and Information and hospital representatives to seek hospital compliance with seismic requirements.
Yes 50 million
BRIC
HMGP HPP
High
Wildland
Fire &
Electrical
Failure
Coordinate notifications of power outages with Southern California Edison EMD 2023-2028, This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes $50,000
County General Fund
High
Multiple
Outdoor Alert & Warning Project for the Mt San Jacinto Region EMD 2023-2024. Ongoing
once project is completed. Completion timeframe is based on the availability of funding No 10 million
HMGP Evac Grant
High
Multiple
Outdoor Alert & Warning Project for the Santa Ana River bottom EMD 2023-2028, Project is in
the concept phase. A feasibility study is to be conducted during the MJLHMP 2023-2028 timeframe
No 15 million
BRIC HMGP
Medium
Earthquake
Mitigate potential seismic hazards through adoption and strict enforcement of current building codes for new and existing building TLMA /
Facilities
Management
2023-2028. Ongoing.
Codes will be revised and updated to be consistent with emergency measures that can help prevent earthquake impacts in county buildings. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. County General Fund Yes $50,000
County General Fund BRIC HMGP
Medium
Pandemic
Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Immunization technique trainings
Riverside
University
Health
SystemPublic Health
2023-2028. Trainings
for new techniques, strategies, and ensuring all staff are proficient Yes $50,000
PHEP HPP
High
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 132 | Section 4 Wildland
Fire
Create wildfire protection zones that reduce the risks to citizens and firefighters from fire dangers RCFD &
CAL FIRE
2023-2028.
Continuously update and develop wildfire protection zones to decrease wildfire risks in the community. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
State Mission BRIC HMGP
High
Wildland
Fire
Strengthen defensible space inspections in fire prone areas RCFD &
CAL FIRE
2023-2028. Continue
inspections in locations susceptible to fires. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. State and County General Funds & Structural Fire Taxes Yes >$100K
State & County General Funds BRIC
HMGP
High
Wildland
Fire
Continue maintenance of existing fire roads throughout the county to provide fire department access RCFD &
CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes
Combined duplicated
projects
>$100K State Mission Funds BRIC
HMGP
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Fuel reduction projects throughout the county to reduce fire potential RCFD &
CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
State Mission Funds BRIC
HMGP
High
Wildland
Fire
Develop and enforce construction and design standards that ensure the development incorporates fire prevention features RCFD &
CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. Developer fees Yes >50K
Developer Fees
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Conduct and implement long range fire safe planning through code adoption/policies consistent with the General Plan Safety Element RCFD &
CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. County General Fund and Fire Marshal Fees Yes >50K
County General Fire Marshal fees Fund BRIC HMGP
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Continue wildland fire suppression/preparedness to maintain a state of RCFD &
CAL FIRE
2023-2028.
Continuously provide skills training to the
community to prepare
Yes >$100K
County General
Medium
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 133 | Section 4 readiness throughout the year
for disasters. This action to be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP
Fund BRIC HMGP
Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention, identification, and mitigation of Goldspot Oak Bore Beetle trees (GSOB) at various infestation levels on State Responsibility Area (SRA) lands throughout the county. Herbicide or tree removal if necessary RCFD &
CAL FIRE
2023-2028.
Continuously monitor infestation levels of GSOB trees to continue removing infested trees if necessary. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
State Mission Funds BRIC
HMGP
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention, identification and mitigation of Bark Beetle infestation, epidemic during times of drought. Removal of symptomatic trees or the use of pesticides
RCFD &
CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
State Mission Funds BRIC
HMGP
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Intrusion
Prevention System (IPS)
Protects the county
network from Internetbased threats/attacks
(~140,000 day on avg)
RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Breach
Detection System
Inspects all internal/ lateral county network traffic for indicators of compromise (IOCs) enabling the ISO to rapidly detect, respond to, contain, and prevent cyberattacks, malware outbreaks, network reconnaissance, data exfiltration, C2 (command & control) and botnet activities RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
Medium
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 134 | Section 4 Cyber
Attack
Albert Sensor
Monitors and reports to the Center for Internet Security (CIS) Multi-State Information
Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) all
Domain Name System (DNS) and NetFlow traffic for correlation with the Department of Homeland Security’s threat intelligence database for real-time alerting of malicious network connections to blacklisted IP address on the Internet RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Countywide Security
Awareness Training
SANS Securing The human information security and privacy training modules deployed on county learning management system (LMS) Educates our workforce on how to be extra vigilant and things to look out for to avoid falling victim to a targeted attack RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Security
Information Event
Management (SIEM)
Serves as the county’s centralized security event log management repository and correlation engine RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 135 | Section 4 Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Internet
Proxy (Web Filter)
Prevents county employees and malware from accessing compromised/malicious websites and C2 (command & control) servers, in addition to non-county authorized websites based on category/content filtration policies/rules RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
Governance, Risk, &
Compliance (GRC)
Software Suite
Platform on which security operations (active network monitoring, breach detection, incident response, business impact analysis, threat containment, eradication, alerting/reporting, process workflow automation, security audits, risk assessments/register, regulatory compliance checks) will be carried out. Abandoned Project in 2018 no longer viable RCIT N/A No longer
viable
N/A
Cyber
Attack
Security Operations
Center (SOC)
Completed and ongoing
RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 136 | Section 4 Cyber
Attack
Information Security
Forum (ISF)
Convene on a quarterly basis with department information security officers/ liaisons to discuss key security topics, risk trends, and other related matters, including formation of a Critical Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT), and conducting security incident/breach simulations and tabletop exercises RCIT 2023-2028. – Ongoing
This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes <25K
County General Fund
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Tabletop Crisis SimulatorWill allow the county to perform tabletop exercises with realistic scenarios that are relevant to our industry and regularly updated. Exercises will allow staff to test incident response plans and record results to track progress over time RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
Breach Attack and SimulationA platform that simulates automated attack scenarios and tests the efficacy of our current Cyber Security Tools and how we respond to events RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
KnowBe4 Phishing SimulationAllows county employees to receive monthly phishing tests as part of our Security Awareness Training RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
Medium
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 137 | Section 4 Com Failure
Enterprise Voice Network (VoIP) Centralized SIP trunksCentralized SIP trunking for ingress/ egress PSTN access via 3 geographically separated locations. Expected completion for circuit migration Feb 2023. Carrier failover protection for inbound voice traffic expected completion end of Q2 2023. Enterprise callprocessing for VoIP. Endpoints are logically and physically separated into 3 datacenters ensuring a High- Availability solution. Remote site routers configured for SRST; in times of WAN outages, local IP Phones will re-register to local equipment, providing inter-site
calling and access to the PSAP via carrier provided analog circuits RCIT Expected completion
end of 2qrt 2023
Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Com Failure
Enterprise Availability Best PracticesInternal escalation contact list for all essential personal readily available 24-7. On-Call staffing availability for both Voice and Data Networks. Vendor support is available 24-7 for all critical RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. County General Fund Yes >$100K
County General Fund
Low
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 138 | Section 4 Network and Voice equipment. Ongoing staff training on emerging technologies. Frequent equipment configuration backups to a storage area network (SAN). Full battery and generator backup power for Critical Enterprise level equipment Com Failure
InformaCast Advanced onpremises notification Enterprise Emergency Notification System solution for immediate reach to the County’s 20,000+ VoIP endpoints. InformaCast Mobile cloud-based notification solution to extend the County’s reach off-network to mobile devices such as cellular phones and tablets. Being used at the department level for in building paging solutions at some locations. This solution has the potential to perform advanced notification to phones, laptops, cellphones but needs further development. No plans to be used as a widespread mitigation action throughout the County RCIT 2023-2024.This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund & Dept funds
Low
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 139 | Section 4 Com Failure
Network Connectivity Use of Cellular based redundant WAN links for critical county locations. Introduction of MPLS technologies starting Q2 2022 that enables higher bandwidth by pushing multiple signals through our fiber optic lines. In additional the technology can create segregated networks between County departments RCIT MPLS technology
estimated completion Q4 2025. Purchased by departments requesting this service. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund Dept funds
High
Com Failure
County of Riverside Network (CORNET) Redundant Internet connectionsCORNET’s network architecture is built as a Hub and Spoke design. Included in this design are six Hub locations interconnected via a Mesh Design with multiple 10GPS Backbone links. This provides redundancy at all hub sites RCIT 2023-2028. Ongoing.
This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. County General Fund Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
SWAT team trained to respond to terrorism events
Riverside
County
Sheriff
(RSO)
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
Hazard Device Team trained to respond to terrorism events. Continuously provide training for personnel attrition and for new tactics and procedures RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 140 | Section 4 Terrorist
Event
Sheriff Emergency Response Team trained to respond to terrorism events. Continuously provide training for personnel attrition and for new tactics and procedures RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
Sheriff personnel assigned to the Joint Terrorism Task Force are integrated to improve structure and capabilities RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
Ben Clark Training Center provides terrorism related classes for law enforcement and first responders.
RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. County Classes are funded each year through the State Homeland Security Program (SHSP) Yes >$100K
SHSP
High
Terrorist
Event
Tactical response training
RSO &
RCFD
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Civil
Disorder
Train and equip Mobile Field Force Teams throughout the county. Continuously provide training for personnel attrition, new tactics, and procedures and equipment RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 1: Eastvale, Day Creek, San Sevaine Channel, Glen Avon, Jurupa-Pyrite, Paramount Estates, Rubidoux, Norco, Home Gardens, La Sierra, Monroe, Central Riverside, Box Springs, University, Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (RCFCWCD) 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 141 | Section 4 Sunnymead, Reche Canyon, Moreno, SW Riverside, Monroe System B Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 2: Eastvale, Day Creek, Norco, Home Gardens, SW Riverside, Lake Mathews DWQMP, Monroe System B, Mead Valley, Perris Valley RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 3: West Elsinore, Lakeland Village, Sedco, Wildomar RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 4: Moreno Valley West End, Moreno, Mead Valley, Perris Valley, San Jacinto River Basin, Lakeview-Nuevo, San Jacinto Valley, Little Lake, Romoland, Homeland, Green Acres, West Hemet, Hemet, Winchester, SW Hemet, Salt Creek, Murrieta Creek, AnzaWilson RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 5: Reche Canyon, Moreno, Beaumont, Banning RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 142 | Section 4 Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 6: Garnet Wash, East Wide, Canyon, Long Canyon, & Tributaries, Desert Hot Springs, Palm Springs RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 7: Wildomar, Murrieta Creek, AnzaWilson RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes Cost:
$82,000,000 RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Surveying efforts of all current and future facilities
RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Installation of cameras and data collection from videos around existing facilities RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Installation of rain gauges and data collection throughout the county RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Regular Maintenance for critical drainage infrastructure RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Participation in CRS Program. Community outreach efforts RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD fundsBRICHMGPFMA
High
Flood
Installation of Dam Automation and Telemetry
RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
No >100K
RCRCWCD fundsFMA
High
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 143 | Section 4 maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP
Flood
Ongoing studies to outline flood hazard areas outside of master Drainage Plan RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD fundsFMA
High
Multiple
Operational Area Emergency Management and Emergency Operations Center Training EMD 2025-2028 No $100K
funds EMPG
High
Multiple
Conduct a gap analysis of OA water districts' ability to distribute water during the time of disaster EMD 2025-2028 No $10K
Funds EMPG
High
Note: Please refer to individual annexes for a full listing of jurisdictional Mitigation Actions County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 144 | Section 4Figure 17: Riverside County FY Capital AssetsCapital asset activity for the year ended June 30, 2021 was as follows (in thousands) Source: (Riverside County Comprehensive Annual Financial Report 2021) County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 145 | Section 44.4 Critical Facilities and Infrastructures Critical facilities are facilities that pose unacceptable risks if severely damaged or become non-operational. In Riverside County, critical facilities include schools, hospitals, fire stations, police stations, jails, emergency operation centers, communication centers, dams, and industrial sites that use or store explosives, toxic materials. It is essential that critical facilities have no structural weaknesses that can lead to collapse. Usefulness of critical facilities is limited if they become structurally unsafe or utilities are disrupted. Seismic hazard mitigation for critical structures is complex due to the diverse use of these facilities. Earthquake ground motion could affect a variety of critical structures such as the control tower in an airport or buildings with computers and telephone circuits used for communications networks. Strong ground motion can also result in damage to freeway interchanges and bridges essential for the transportation of goods and services. Buried pipelines are generally not damaged by ground motion but can be severely disrupted in areas of surface rupture, liquefaction, or landslides. Table 13: Critical Facilities FACILITY TYPE UNICORPORATED INCORPORATED CITIES TOTAL FACILITIES REPLACEMENT VALUE Airports 4 12 16 $4,718,671 Correctional Facilities (Jails/Prisons) 4 4 8 $316,591,306
Educational Institutions - - 641 $1,688,809,964 Fire Stations 37 94 135 $539,834,410 Law Enforcement Facilities 10 24 28 $647,199,000
Medical Facilities 1 17 18 $331,174,000
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 146 | Section 4 Animal Shelters** 3 7 10 CHP Stations** 1 7 8 Communication Infrastructure** Facilities: 1Server sites: 8
facilities: 60Server sites: 892
facilities: 61Server sites: 900
Dams/Debris Basins** 12 59 71 Emergency Operations Centers** 2 54 56Department Operations Centers** 0 7 7 Fairgrounds** 1 2 3 Federal Military Installations** 2 0 2 Hazmat Facilities** 1,872 6,117 7,989 National Guard Armories** 0 4 4 Public Utilities/Public Works** 9 56 65 Rail Yards/Train Stations** 1 8 9 Shelters (Mass Care)* ** - - ~ 252 Note: These figures may be an estimate, based upon the information provided. About 90 percent of server sites will be consolidated under one department by June 2018. *The number of shelters is an estimate of what the Red Cross Association has in their database, but any facility that the county considers is necessary to use as potential mass care shelter in case of a disaster can be added to the list, meaning there is no specific number of shelters. **Facilities unable to give replacement values.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 147 | Section 4Table 14: Riverside County Capital Asset
COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE
Capital Asset Statistics by Function
Last Five Years
June 30, 2022
Fiscal year ending June 30
Function/Program 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 County Libraries Branch libraries Book mobiles Books in collection Museum 35 -
1,319,861
1 35
2 1,082,227
1 35
2 1,062,203
1 35
2 829,893
1 36
2 1,337,332
-
Riverside University Health System-Medical Center
Major clinics Routine and specialty clinics Bed licensed 4 44
439
4 44
439
4 44
439
4 44
439
4 44
439
Fire Department
Stations Trucks
37 167
37 167
37 164
37 162
37 158
Parks and Recreation
Regional parks Historic sites Nature centers Archaeological sites Wildlife reserves RV and mobile home parks Managed areas Recreational facilities Community centers 9 4 3 6 9 2 9 1
-
9 4 3 6 9 2 9 1
-
9 4 3 6 9 2 9 1
-
11 5 4 6 9 2 5 1
-
11 5 4 6 9 2 5 1
-
County Sheriff Department
Patrol stations Patrol vehicles
10 961
10 993
10 905
10 977
10 966
Waste Resources
Landfills Capacity in tons
5 45,376,689
6 62,713,411
6 62,713,411
6 62,713,411
6 62,668,370
Source: County of Riverside Annual Comperhensive Financial Report, 2022Retreived from the internet on 2/3/2023 Note: this data reflects the asset statistics for the unincorporated portions of Riverside County. Please refer to individual annexes for participating jurisdiction data.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 148 | Section 4Table 15: Riverside County Communications Infrastructure Facilities Repeater Location Latitude Longitude
Strawberry Peak San Bernardino National Forest 34°13'55.02"N 117°14'4.15"W Carbon Canyon Chino Hills State Park 33°51'45.84"N 117°41'13.46"W Santiago Peak Cleveland National Forest 33°42'37.07"N 117°32'3.17"W El Cariso Cleveland National Forest 33°40'33.28"N 117°30'56.52"W Elsinore Peak Cleveland National Forest 33°36'9.00"N 117°20'36.00"W Pine Cove San Bernardino National Forest 33°44'44.00"N 116°42'58.00"W Red Mountain Moreno valley 33°37'48.09"N 116°50'52.08"W Red Mountain Sage 33°37'48.02"N 116°50'52.66"W Box Springs Box Springs Mountain 33°57'42.06"N 117°16'49.15"W Mt David Beaumont 33°54'50.87"N 117° 0'3.25"W
Mt Edna San Bernardino National Forest 33°52'44.06"N 116°52'53.08"W Whitewater Whitewater 33°55'28.56"N 116°36'53.74"W
Thomas Mountain San Bernardino National Forest 33°37'11.09"N 116°40'49.07"W Santa Rosa Peak San Bernardino National Forest 33°32'42.33"N 116°28'9.77"W Cactus City Cactus City 33°40'40.31"N 115°57'54.19"W
Oasis Bureau of Land Management 33°37'7.58"N 115°56'18.78"W Chuckawalla Chuckawalla 33°36'19.76"N 114°54'8.02"W
Black Rock Black Rock Mountain 33°36'37.09"N 114°45'34.86"W Big Maria Big Maria Mountains 33°52'4.00"N 114°40'9.00"W County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 149 | Section 4Table 16: Riverside County Public Safety Enterprise Communications System Radio Locations PSEC - Site Information
# Site Name City ZIP Building ID
1 Alessandro Riverside 92506 RV0908 2 Billy Goat Aguanga 92536 AZ4704 3 Box Canyon Desert Center
92239 DC2918
4 Arlington Riverside 92503 RV1055 5 Avocado Flats Fallbrook 92028 SND6000 6 Banning Banning 92220 BA102 7 Big Maria (No Equip)
Blythe 92225 BL328
8 Quail Mesa Parker ARZ6102 9 Black Eagle Desert
Center
92239 DC2905
10 Black Jack Desert
Center
92239 DC2906
11 Black Rock Blythe 92225 BL307 12 Blue Mountain Colton 92313 New # CTN6500 13 Blythe Blythe 92225 BL327 14 Box Springs Riverside 92557 MV1201 15 Brookside Beaumont 92223 BE1607 16 Cactus City Indio 92203 IN736 17 Cajalco Corona 92881 CR410 18 Chuckwalla Desert Center
92239 DC2917
19 Clinton Keith Murrieta 92562 MU1320 20 Corn Springs Desert Center
92239 DC2907
21 Corona Corona 91720 CR403 22 Corona\Buena
Vista
Corona 92882 CR411
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 150 | Section 4 23 Edom Hill Desert Hot
Springs
92241 NEW# DH1704
OLD-IN065 (DH065)
24 El Cariso Lake
Elsinore
92530 LE513
25 Elsinore Peak Lake
Elsinore
92530 LE515
26 Elsinore Peak Lake
Elsinore
LE516
27 Elsinore Peak
Generator Building
Lake Elsinore
LE517
28 Estelle Mountain Perris 92570 PR818 29 Glen Avon Riverside 92509 New # JV5945 (Old # RV1049)
30 Gold Crown
(Pinto)Eliminated
Eliminated Eliminated Eliminated
31 Green River Corona 92880 CR412 32 Hemet Hemet 92543 HM605 33 Hidden Valley Parker 85371 ARZ6101 34 Homeland Homeland 92548 HL4902 35 Indio Indio 92201 IN706 36 Indio Hill Indio 92201 IN064 NEW# IN737
37 Iron Mountain Earp 92242 DC2909 38 Joshua Tree Joshua Tree 92277 DC2910 39 JTNP - Belle Joshua Tree National Park
92239 DC2904
40 JTNP -
CottonwoodEliminated
Desert Center
92239 DC2908
41 JTNP - Lost Horse
Eliminated
Eliminated Eliminated Eliminated
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 151 | Section 4 42 Lake Hemet Mountain
Center
92561 MC3603
43 Lake Matthews Riverside 92504 RV1048 44 Lake Riverside Aguanga 92536 AZ4703 45 Leona Perris 92570 PR819 46 Line Mecca 92254 ME2008 47 Margarita Temecula 92592 TM1510 48 Marion Ridge Idyllwild 92549 ID2503 49 Marshall Perris 92570 PR820 50 Mead Valley Perris 92570 PR821 51 Mecca Landfill Desert Center
92239 DC2911
52 Menifee Menifee 92584 MN2104 53 Morongo Cabazon 92230 CB3107 54 Mt. David Beaumont 92223 BE1601 55 North Mt. San Jacinto 92583 SJ1404 56 Palen/McCoy Desert Center
92239 DC2920
57 Beacon Hill Norco 92860 NR3703 58 Perris Perris 92570 PR805 59 Pleasants Peak
ELIMINATED
Corona 92879 CR004
ELIMINATED
60 Quail Valley Quail
Valley
92587 QV5102
61 Ranger Peak Idyllwild 92549 BA180 62 Red Mountain Hemet 92544 HM612 63 Redondo Mesa Murrieta 92562 MU1321 64 Rice Desert Center
92239 DC2912
65 Ridge Road Lake
Elsinore
92530 LE512
66 Riverside CAC Riverside 90501 RV0905 67 Road 62 Desert Center
92239 DC2921
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 152 | Section 4 68 Road 177 Desert
Center
92239 DC2913
68 Santa Rosa Peak Mountain
Center
92561 CO201
70 Santiago Peak Corona 92883 CR413 71 Snow Peak Morongo Valley
92339 MGV6201
72 Sunnyslope Riverside 92509 New #JV5939
(Old #RV1050)
73 Temescal Corona 92883 CR414 74 Timoteo Moreno
Valley
92555 MV1228
75 Toro Peak Mountain
Center
92561 MC3604
76 Vaquero Temecula 92590 TM1509 77 Vidal Junction Earp 92242 DC2915 78 Whitewater Banning 92282 BA184 79 Grape Hill Corona N/A N/A 80 Hollingsworth Murrieta N/A N/A County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 153 | Section 44.4.1 Mitigation Goals and Strategies Relating to Critical FacilitiesOn September 28, 2021, the Safety Element including a description of the Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan was adopted into the 2015 General Plan. The General Plan identified the following policies relating to critical facilities. S 6.15 * Strengthen the project permit and review process to ensure that proper actions are taken to reduce hazard impacts and encourage structural and nonstructural design and construction. Damage must be minimized for critical facilities, and susceptibility to structural collapse must be minimized, if not eliminated. (AI 104.2, 152, 155) a) Ensure that special development standards, designs, and construction practices reduce risk to tolerable levels for projects involving critical facilities, large-scale residential development, and major commercial or industrial development through conditional use permits and the subdivision review process. If appropriate, impact fees should be assessed to finance required actions. b) Require mitigation measures to reduce potential damage caused by ground failure for sites determined to have potential for liquefaction to the extent feasible and appropriate. Such measures shall apply to critical facilities, utilities, and large commercial and industrial projects as a condition of project approval. c) Require that planned lifeline utilities, as a condition of project approval and as feasible and appropriate, be designed, located, structurally upgraded, fit with safety shutoff valves, designed for easy maintenance, and have redundant backup lines where unstable slopes, earth cracks, active faults, or areas of liquefaction cannot be avoided. d) Review proposed uses of fault setback areas closely to ensure that county infrastructure (roads, utilities, drains) is not unduly placed at risk by the developer. Insurance, bonding, or compensation plans should be used to compensate the County of Riverside for the potential costs of repair.
S 6.16 * Promote strengthening of planned and existing utilities and lifelines, the retrofit and rehabilitation of existing weak structures, and the relocation of certain critical facilities. (AI 100, 101, 148, 152, 155, 156) S 6.17 * Identify critical facilities in hazard-prone areas and work to relocate or harden these facilities to reduce risk of damage and loss of service. (AI 87, 101) County of Riverside General Plan S-26 September 28, 2021 County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 154 | Section 4S 6.18 * Prohibit development of critical facilities that are proposed in dam failure inundation areas unless no feasible alternative exists and apply hazardous materials safety guidelines within such zones. S 6.19 * Coordinate with the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) and/or use the Capital Improvement Program, to strengthen, relocate, or take other appropriate measures to safeguard high-voltage lines, water, sewer, natural gas and petroleum pipelines, and trunk electrical and telephone conduits that (AI 4, 152, 155): • Extend through areas of high liquefaction potential. • Cross active faults. • Traverse earth cracks or landslides. S 6.20 * Require additional design considerations as appropriate for lifelines within subsidence areas. S 6.21 Communicate climate risks to energy utilities and request they ensure that new and upgraded infrastructure is climate resilient. (AI 152, 155) S 6.22 * During the development review process, when developing alternatives and adaptation projects for consideration, the County shall require applicants to identify natural infrastructure that may be used through the conservation, preservation, or sustainable management of open space to reduce climate change hazards, where feasible. S 6.23 Establish a network of equitably located resilience centers throughout unincorporated Riverside County and ensure that resilience centers are situated outside of areas at risk from hazard impacts to the extent possible, offer refuge from extreme heat and extreme weather events, and are equipped with renewable energy generation and backup power supplies. Such facilities should be in easily accessible locations and be available to all community members as needed. (AI 151) S 6.24 Collaborate with utility companies to support and enhance grid reliability during regular operations and extreme conditions. (AI 152, 155) Source: (All from Safety Element S6.15-S6.24: Critical Facilities and Lifelines) Note: The Mitigation Goals and Strategies related to each hazard are found in Section 5 of the 2023 LHMP.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 155 | Section 44.4.2 Loss Factors The loss estimates provided in this MJLHMP are based on data currently available resulting in an approximation of the relative risk from the various hazards and potential losses. There are uncertainties inherent in any loss estimation methodology, in part from incomplete knowledge available concerning the different hazards, as well as approximations and simplifications used in the analysis. Nevertheless, it can be determined by the map below that Riverside County is in a region in California having the highest number of declared disasters since 1950. Map 2: 2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, Primary Sources of Disaster Losses EMD 5.1.25 156 | Section 4Table 4.F from the 2018 SHMP Chapter 4, identifies disaster incidents, casualties, and Cal OES costs by type. Cal OES has revised the database during the preparation of the 2018 SHMP. Table 17: Disaster Incidents, Casualties, and Cost by Type Table 4.F above from the SHMP, which shows the pattern of statewide emergencies, disasters, and associated losses by hazard types since 1950, when coupled with seismic knowledge, suggests the following findings:
x Earthquakes occur less frequently than the other primary hazards causing disasters but account for the greatest combined losses (deaths, injuries, and damage costs). x Wildfires are the most frequent source of declared disasters and account for the third highest combined losses.
x Floods are the second most frequent disaster source and account for the second highest combined losses.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 157 | Section 4 x Earthquake costs exceeded wildfire costs by more than two times, using limited measures identified in these tables.
x Although floods have resulted in a greater number of total deaths during this period, earthquakes have accounted for the highest number of combined deaths and injuries. x Earthquakes represent by far the greatest long term catastrophic disaster threat.
Earthquakes, fires, and floods are the predominant disasters in California since 1950 as determined by this analysis. For this reason, these hazards are being addressed in the 2023 Mitigation Strategies and are among the top ten hazards for the County. Continued climate change and drought conditions will relate to high incidents of wildfire and flood declarations. The high number of earthquake declarations for Riverside County is contributed to having three (3) major faults traversing Riverside County: The San Andreas Fault, the Elsinore Fault, and the San Jacinto Fault. Earthquake hazard mitigation is particularly relevant to SHMP Goal 1 (Significantly reduce life loss and injuries) and SHMP Goal 2 (Minimize damage to structures and property), set forth in Chapter 2 of the SHMP. Considering both the social and economic disruption caused by moderate-sized earthquakes, together with the significant potential for catastrophic earthquakes greater in magnitude than those experienced since 1950, heightened attention is needed for mitigation strategies relating to this hazard. Earthquake mitigation actions often involve expensive projects that will be considered as funding becomes available. The 2018 SHMP is the data source contained in Figure 19 “2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, Primary Sources of Disaster Losses” and Table 15 “Disaster Incidents, Casualties, and Cost by Type.” Once the 2023 SHMP is completed and approved, Figures and Tables will be updated to include the most recent maps and new information. 4.4.3 2015 General Plan Policies on High-Risk FacilitiesMany Riverside County essential public facilities and hazardous materials sites are located within the 100-year flood zones making them high-risk facilities. These facilities include: 14 of Riverside County’s 39 airports; 4 of 18 hospitals; 47 of 109 law enforcement stations, fire stations and emergency operation centers; 92 of 380 schools; 446 of 1,306 highway bridges; and 695 of 1,978 hazardous materials sites. Riverside County has adopted the following policies related to high-risk facilities to mitigate future damages:
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 158 | Section 4S 3.12 * Public facilities and other facilities essential for emergencies and large public assembly within the County Regulatory Floodplain as mapped by the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall not be approved unless the project is adequately protected from flood hazards, incorporates all required flood protection specific to that area in accordance with County ordinances and guidelines, as feasible, and will not result in any increase in flood levels during the occurrence of a flood event. Such facilities that are new shall have at least two routes for emergency egress and ingress, and the project design shall minimize the potential for debris or flooding to block emergency routes, either through the construction of dikes, bridges, or large-diameter storm drains under roads used for primary access. (AI 25) S-15 S 3.13 * Existing essential, dependent-care, and high-risk facilities not in conformance with provisions of the County of Riverside zoning should upgrade or modify building use to a level of safety consistent with the inundation risk. (AI 25, 88, 148) S 3.14 * Development using, storing, or otherwise involved with substantial quantities of on-site hazardous materials should not be permitted within a 100-year floodplain or dam inundation zone, unless all standards for evaluation, anchoring, and floodproofing have been satisfied. Hazardous materials should be stored in watertight containers, not capable of floating, to the extent required by state and federal laws and regulations. Facilities storing substantial quantities of hazardous materials within inundation zones should be adequately flood-proofed and hazardous materials containers shall be anchored and secured to prevent flotation and contamination. (AI 25) S 3.15 * Dependent-care facilities should have all flood-vulnerable electrical circuitry flood-proofed. (AI 25)
S 3.16 * High-risk facilities should be required to maintain and rehearse inundation response plans. (AI 25)
Source: (All from Safety Element S-4: High Risk Facilities) 4.4.4 Critical Infrastructures Maps The following maps show Riverside County’s Critical Infrastructures.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 159 | Section 4Map 3: Riverside County Fire Facilities Map County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 160 | Section 4Map 4: Riverside County Law Enforcement Facilities Map County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 161 | Section 4Map 5: Hospital Locations in Riverside County Map County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 162 | Section 4Map 6: Riverside County Communication Facilities and Ground Shaking Map County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 163 | Section 4Map 7: Riverside County Hazardous Materials Locations Map County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 164 | Section 4Map 8: Riverside County School Inventory Map County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 165 | Section 44.5 Estimated Property Loss Table 18: Riverside County Property Values by City County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 166 | Section 4Table 19: Unincorporated Riverside County Property Values EMD 5.1.25 167
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EMD 5.1.25 168 | Section 5Section 5.0 – Risk Assessment 5.1 Overview and Risk Assessment Process The risk assessment process identifies and profiles relevant hazards and assesses the exposure of lives, property, and infrastructure to these hazards. The Risk is measured by hazard, vulnerability, and exposure probability. The Riverside County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan’s risk assessment follows the methodology described in the FEMA publication Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, which breaks the assessment down to a four-step process:
x Identify Hazards x Profile Hazard Events x Inventory Assets x Estimate Losses This risk assessment covers the entire geographical extent of Riverside County, including the incorporated communities and other participating jurisdictions. Since this plan is a multi-jurisdictional plan, participating jurisdictions completed their own hazard analysis and risk assessment and many have ranked their hazards differently than the County to match the needs of their jurisdiction. The MJLHMP Steering Committee has evaluated how these identified hazards and risks vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. These individual hazards and assessments are briefly outlined in this chapter with more details found in each jurisdictional annex. If no additional data is provided in an annex, it should be assumed that the risk and potential impacts to the affected jurisdiction are the same as those described in this Riverside County Operational Area MJLHMP. The Riverside County Operational Area MJLHMP update involved a comprehensive review and update of each section of the risk assessment with new data, where available, and new analyses.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 169 | Section 55.1.1 Results and Methodology The MJLHMP Steering Committee utilized the existing 2023 MJLHMP identified hazards. Using existing hazard data and input gained through planning meetings, the MJLHMP Steering Committee agreed upon a list of natural, human caused and technological hazards that could affect Riverside County. Hazard data from the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), FEMA, and many other sources were examined to assess the significance of these hazards to the planning area. Significance was measured in general terms and focused on key criteria such as frequency and resulting damage, which includes deaths and injuries, as well as property and economic damage. The natural hazards evaluated as part of this plan include those that have occurred historically or have the potential to cause significant human and/or monetary losses in the future. Human caused and technological hazards were evaluated in the same manner. During the assessment of the identified County hazards the Steering Committee realized the need to adjust the definitions for Pandemic Flu and Aqueduct to Pandemic and Aqueduct Failure to incorporate the expanded scope and impact of these hazards. The Committee based this decision from the history of events and probability of future occurrences. Please see Table 10 Hazard Identification Table for justification of each hazards ranking.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 170 | Section 55.2 Consequence Analysis All participants were asked to evaluate the potential for an event to occur in their jurisdiction by hazard and the potential impact on the following:
1. Public (loss of life and injuries) 2. Responders 3. Continuity of operations for continued delivery of services 4. Property, facilities, and infrastructure 5. Environment 6. Economic condition of the jurisdiction 7. Ability to recover from the event and return to normal daily activities
8. Public confidence in the jurisdiction’s governance
The participants were then asked to rate the potential and severity using a scale of between 0 and 4 (4 being the most severe). The jurisdictions were also asked to rank the listed hazards as they relate to their jurisdiction from 1 to 20 (1 being the highest overall threat to their jurisdiction). The following table was given to participants during the 2018 MJLHMP update and again for the 2023 MJLHMP update.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 171 | Section 5Table 20: 2018 and 2023 MJLHMP Update Participant Ranking Chart Template Note: Please refer to the individual Local Hazard Mitigation Plans for participating jurisdiction Please See Appendix D for the Inventory Worksheet template provided to participants. The County used a similar format for the probability and severity ranking for potential hazards but also included information on healthcare impact and mitigation capabilities. The following chart was used by the MJLHMP Steering Committee for ranking the 2023 Hazards.
HAZARDS LOCAL JURISDICTION
NATURAL DISASTER / CLIMATE
SEVERITY
0 - 4
PROBABILITY
0 - 4
RANKING
1-24
EARTHQUAKE FIRE FLOOD AQUEDUCT FAILURE DROUGHT INSECT INFESTATION LANDSLIDE TORNADO EXTREME WEATHER ANTHOPOGENIC / TECHNOLOGICAL CIVIL DISORDER COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE CYBER ATTACK/ CYBER TERRORISM DAM FAILURE ELECTRICAL FAILURE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT JAIL/PRISON EVENT NUCLEAR INCIDENT PIPELINE DISRUPTION RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENT TERRORIST EVENT TRANSPORTATION FAILURE WATER SUPPLY DISRUPTION / CONTAMINATION MEDICAL
EMERGING / RE-EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
PANDEMIC
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 172 | Section 5Table 21: Vulnerability Worksheet
NATURAL DISASTER / CLIMATE
SEVERITY
0 - 4
PROBABILITY
0 - 4
HISTORIC
FREQUENCY
PRIORTY RANKING
1-24
EARTHQUAKE 4 2 Medium High 2 FIRE 4 4 Very High High 1 FLOOD 3 3 High High 5 AQUEDUCT FAILURE 2 3 Low Low 19 DROUGHT 3 3 High Medium 8 EXTREME WEATHER 3 3 High High 7 INSECT INFESTATION 2 3 High Medium 15 LANDSLIDE 3 3 Medium Medium 14 TORNADO 2 1 Low Low 22 ANTHOPOGENIC / CIVIL DISORDER 3 2 Low High 17 COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE 3 2 Medium High 11 CYBER ATTACK/ CYBER TERRORISM 4 1 High High 10 DAM FAILURE 1 3 Low Medium 13 ELECTRICAL FAILURE 4 4 Very High High 6 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT 3 4 Very High Medium 9 JAIL/PRISON EVENT 2 1 Low Low 20 NUCLEAR INCIDENT 4 1 Low Low 23 PIPELINE DISRUPTION 3 2 Low Low 21 RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENT 4 1 Low Low 24 TERRORIST EVENT 3 1 Low High 12 TRANSPORTATION FAILURE 3 2 Low Medium 16 WATER SUPPLY DISRUPTION / 2 3 Medium Medium 18 MEDICAL EMERGING / RE-EMERGING 4 4 High High 3
PANDEMIC 4 2 Low High 4
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 173 | Section 5Table 22: 2023 MJLHMP Top Five Identified Hazards Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Risk Assessment Chart
Jurisdiction Priority Risk/ Hazards
Riverside OA
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 Earthquake Wildland Fire Emerging / Reemerging Infectious Diseases
Pandemic Flood
Cities Banning Earthquake Fire Transportation HazMat Flood Beaumont Earthquake Fire Flood HazMat Transportation Blythe Extreme Weather
Wind Power Failure Transportati
on
HazMat
Calimesa Fire Earthquake Flood Extreme
Weather
Drought
Canyon Lake Flood Earthquake Fire Transportat
ion
Nuclear Incident
Cathedral City
Earthquake Flood Wind Landslide Extreme
Weather
Coachella Earthquake Extreme
Weather
HazMat Power
Failure
Wind
Corona Earthquake Fire Power Failure Terrorism Flood Desert Hot Springs Earthquake Flood Fire Extreme
Weather
Wind
Eastvale Earth Flood Fire Pipeline Insect
Infestation
Hemet Earthquake Pan Flu Fire Electrical
Failure
Emerging / Reemerging Diseases
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 174 | Section 5 Indian Wells Earthquake Flood Extreme Weather Power
Failure
Wind
Indio Earthquake Extreme
Weather
Emerging / Reemerging Diseases Pandemic Drought
Jurupa Valley Earthquake Pan Flu Fire Power
Failure
Emergency Disease
La Quinta Earthquake Flood Power Failure Extreme
Weather
Drought
Lake Elsinore Fire Flood Power Failure Extreme
Weather
Drought
Murrieta Earthquake Pan Flu Fire Power
Failure
Emerging / Reemerging Diseases
Norco Flood Fire Earthquake Extreme
Weather
Agricultural Hazard
Palm Desert Earthquake Flood Extreme Weather Power
Failure
Drought
Palm Springs Earthquake Power Failure Transportation Extreme Weather
Wind
Perris Fire Flood Earthquake HazMat Power Failure Rancho Mirage Earthquake Flood Fire Drought Civil Unrest
Riverside Earthquake Flood Drought Terrorism Fire San Jacinto Earthquake Extreme Weather
Flood Landslide Drought
Temecula Transportation Earthquake Flood Terrorism Fire Wildomar Earthquake Fire Drought Flood Extreme Weather
Tribes Morongo Wildfire Severe Wind
Event
Earthquake Electrical
Failure
Transportation
Special Districts Eastern Municipal Water
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
High Valleys Water
Extreme Weather
Drought Fire Wind Power Failure
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 175 | Section 5 Idyllwild Fire Protection
Fire Drought Insect Infestation Earthquake Pandemic
Imperial Irrigation District
Earthquake Extreme
Weather
Terrorism N/A N/A
Kaiser Earthquake Fire Extreme Weather Drought Wind Rancho California Water Earthquake Drought Flood Fire N/A
Santa Ana Watershed
Earthquake Wind N/A N/A N/A
Western Municipal Water
Pipeline Power Extreme Weather Drought Wind
School Districts Beaumont Unified
Earthquake Wind Drought Fire Flood
Desert Sands Unified
Earthquake Flood Extreme Weather HazMat Drought
Hemet Unified
Civil Disorder Extreme
Weather
Wind Flood Fire
Lake Elsinore Unified
Earthquake Pan Flu Extreme Weather Flood Nuclear
Moreno Valley Unified
Earthquake Fire Extreme Weather Power
Failure
Wind
Perris Union High School
Earthquake Fire Wind Pandemic Flood
Riverside Community College
Insect Infestation
Jail/Prison Event
Civil Disorder Nuclear Terrorism
Riverside County Office of Education
Earthquake Wildland Fire Pandemic Flood Severe Wind
Riverside Unified
Earthquake Power Failure Pipeline HazMat Extreme
Weather
San Jacinto Unified
Earthquake Fire Flood Wind Extreme
Weather
Please refer to individual annexes for additional hazard priorities for participating jurisdictions.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 176 | Section 55.3 Hazard Profiles and Descriptions Hazard Assessment and IdentificationThe County utilized the tools described in Section 3.3 for the hazard identification process and provided them to participating cities and special districts. Cal OES MyPlan was used for information about floods, earthquake, fire, and some critical facilities locations. All participating jurisdictions and districts conducted a risk assessment and identified hazards specific to their jurisdiction, document the impact of those hazards, and develop specific goals and strategies to address the risks and hazards. The probability of each hazard in Riverside County was determined by rating their occurrence level from 0 - 4, in which each level or number represented a specific descriptor. For example, improbable = (0), remote = (1), occasional = (2), probable = (3), and frequent = (4). Each descriptor was defined according to how often each hazard occurs in Riverside County. x Improbable means it is not likely to happen in more than ten years x Remote means it happens once in ten years x Occasional means it happens once in five years x Probable means it happens once every two years (biannual) x Frequent means it happens at least once a year (annually) This rating scale was developed by the county and is based off the existing risk assessment process utilized for previous revisions of this plan. It was developed to interpret the standard probability assessment process discussed in section 5-4 of the FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook (Version 2013) and met the needs of the OA jurisdictions participating in the MJLHMP update. Identification of HazardsRiverside County Operational Area is vulnerable to potential negative impacts from a broad range of hazards and threats due to its vast geography, mix of urban and rural areas, and rapidly growing populations. Below are three broad categories of hazards that threaten the OA:
x Natural hazards x Technological hazards
x Human caused hazards
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 177 | Section 55.3.1 Earthquake Severity: 4 Probability: 2 Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Earthquakes ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the ground caused by a sudden shift on a fault. For hundreds of millions of years, the forces of plate tectonics have shaped the Earth as the huge plates that form the Earth’s surface move slowly over, under, and past each other. Sometimes the movement is gradual. At other times, the plates are locked together, unable to release the accumulating energy. When the accumulated energy grows strong enough, the plates break free causing the ground to shake. Most earthquakes occur at the boundaries where the plates meet; however, some earthquakes occur in the middle of plates. Where earthquakes have struck before, they can strike again, often without warning. The major form of direct damage from most earthquakes is damage to building construction. Bridges are vulnerable to collapse and dam failure may generate major downstream flooding. Buildings vary in susceptibility depending on their construction and the types of soils on which they are built. Earthquakes destroy utility infrastructure which, in turn, may set off fires, hinder rescue efforts, and impact normal functions for an extended period. The hazard of earthquakes varies from place to place depending on the regional and local geology. Ground shaking may occur 65 miles or more from the epicenter (the point on the ground surface above the focus). Ground shaking can change the mechanical properties of some fine grained, saturated soils, where upon the soils liquefy and act as a fluid (liquefaction). Most earthquake related injuries result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects resulting from shaking ground and structures.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 178 | Section 5Table 23: Historical Earthquakes in California - 5.0 and above that may have impacted Riverside County Year
Richter Scale
Magnitude Location
1812 7.5 Wrightwood/ San Bernardino County 1812 7.2 Santa Barbara Channel/ Santa Barbara County 1857 7.9 Fort Tejon/ Kern County 1868 6.8 Hayward/ Alameda County 1872 7.4 Owens Valley/ Inyo County 1892 7.0 Laguna Salada/ Baja California 1892 6.4 Vacaville-Winters/ Solano County/ Yolo County 1899 5.7 Cajon Pass/ San Bernardino County 1899 6.5 San Jacinto/ Riverside County 1906 7.9 San Francisco/ San Francisco County 1910 6.0 Lake Elsinore/ Riverside County 1915 6.1 Imperial Valley/ El Centro/ Imperial County 1915 6.3 Imperial Valley/ El Centro/ Imperial County 1918 6.8 San Jacinto/ Riverside County 1923 7.1 Humboldt/ Humboldt County 1923 6.3 North San Jacinto/ Riverside County 1925 6.8 Santa Barbara/ Santa Barbara County 1927 7.1 Lompoc/ Santa Barbara County 1932 6.4 Eureka/ Humboldt County 1933 6.4 Long Beach/ Los Angeles County 1940 6.9 Imperial Valley/ Imperial County 1941 5.5 Santa Barbara/ Santa Barbara County 1942 6.6 Fish Creek Mountains/ San Diego County/ Imperial County 1947 6.5 Manix/ San Bernardino County 1948 6.0 Desert Hot Springs/ Riverside County 1952 7.5 Kern County 1954 6.4 Arroyo Salada/ Imperial County 1954 6.5 Eureka/ Humboldt County 1957 5.3 Daly City/ San Mateo County County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 179 | Section 5 1966 6.0 Parkfield/ Monterey County 1966 5.9 Truckee/ Nevada County 1968 6.5 Borrego Mountain/ San Diego County 1971 6.5 San Fernando/ Los Angeles County 1975 5.7 Oroville-Thermalito/ Butte County 1978 5.1 Santa Barbara/ Santa Barbara County 1979 5.7 Coyote Lake/ Santa Clara County 1979 6.4 Imperial Valley/ Imperial County 1980 5.5 Whitewash/ San Diego County 1980 6.0 Mammoth Lakes/ Mono County 1980 7.0 Humboldt/ Humboldt County 1983 6.7 Coalinga/ Fresno County 1984 6.2 Morgan Hill/ Santa Clara County 1986 5.6 North Palm Springs/ Riverside County 1986 5.4 Oceanside/ San Diego County 1986 6.5 Chalfant Valley/ Mono County 1987 5.9 Whittier Narrows/ Los Angeles County 1989 6.9 Loma Prieta/ Santa Clara County 1991 5.8 Sierra Madre/ Los Angeles County 1992 6.1 Joshua Tree/ San Bernardino County 1992 7.2 Cape Mendocino/ Humboldt County 1992 7.3 Landers/ San Bernardino County 1992 6.5 Big Bear/ San Bernardino County 1994 6.7 Northridge/ Los Angeles County 1995 5.4 Ridgecrest/ Kern County 1995 5.8 Ridgecrest/ Kern County 1996 5.3 Coso/ Inyo County 1998 5.4 San Juan Bautista/ San Benito County 1998 5.2 Redding/ Shasta County 1999 7.1 Mojave Desert/ Kern County 2000 5.0 Yountville/ Napa County 2001 5.5 Portola/ Plumas County 2003 6.5 San Simeon/ San Luis Obispo County County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 180 | Section 5 2004 6.0 Parkfield/ Monterey County 2007 5.6 Alum Rock/ Santa Clara County 2008 5.4 Chino Hills/ San Bernardino County 2010 6.5 Eureka/ Humboldt County 2010 7.2 Baja California/ Mexico 2012 5.4 Brawley/ Imperial County 2013 5.7 Canyondam/ Plumas County 2014 6.8 Ferndale/ Humboldt County 2014 5.1 La Habra/ Orange County 2014 6.0 American Canyon (South Napa)/ Napa County 2016 5.2 Borrego Springs/ San Diego County 2019 6.4 Ridgecrest/ Kern County 2019 7.1 Ridgecrest/ Kern County 2020 5.5 Searles Valley/ San Bernardino County 2020 5.8 Lone Pine/ Inyo County 2021 6.0 Antelope Valley/ Los Angeles County 2022 6.4 Ferndale/ Humboldt County Source: https://www.earthquakeauthority.com/California-Earthquake-Risk/CaliforniaEarthquake-History-Timeline#recent-earthquakes-in-californiaProbability of future events: Located within Riverside County are several known active and potentially active earthquake faults, including the San Andreas Fault, San Jacinto Fault, and Elsinore Fault In the event of an earthquake, the location of the epicenter, as well as the time of day and season of the year, would have a profound effect on the number of deaths and casualties, as well as property damage. Research organization, such as the California Institute of Technology Seismological Laboratory and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), are devoted to the detection and logging of earthquake events in Riverside County. Earthquakes represent the most destructive source of hazards, risk, and vulnerability, both in terms of recent state overall history and the probability of future destruction of greater magnitudes than previously recorded. The San Andreas, San Jacinto, and Elsinore Faults are all capable of producing significant earthquakes, with a magnitude of 6.7 or greater. The table below shows the probability of a major earthquake on these three faults within unincorporated Riverside County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 181 | Section 5County by 2045, according to the Third California Earthquake Rupture Forecast. Other faults, both in and outside unincorporated Riverside County may also be capable of generating significant earthquakes with damaging effects. Table 24: Chances of Significant Earthquakes on Major Faults in Riverside County Fault Mean Chance by 2045 M6.7 or greater M7.0 or greater M7.5 or greater M8.0 or greater San Andreas 24.21% 21.29% 11.62% 3.15% San Jacinto 6.71% 6.43% 5.29% 2.75% Elsinore 3.66% 1.82% 0.95% <0.01% Source: Third California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdfExtent (Magnitude/Severity) Catastrophic – For extent, the severity of an earthquake, or the amount of energy released during an earthquake is usually expressed in terms of intensity or magnitude as discussed below. Intensity – Intensity represents the observed effects of ground shaking at any specified location and earthquake shaking decreases with distance from the epicenter of the earthquake. Intensity is an expression of the amount of shaking at any given location on the ground surface based on felt or observed effects, Seismic shaking is typically the greatest cause of losses to structures during earthquakes. Intensity is measured with the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale. The intensity of ground shaking at any site or structure is a function of several factors such as:
1) magnitude of earthquake 2) distance from the epicenter 3) duration of strong ground motion 4) local geologic conditions 5) fundamental period of structure A brief description of those factors and the MMI scale are summarized below along with the effects associated with the MMI scale. Damage typically occurs in MMI of scale VII or above.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 182 | Section 5Table 25: Earthquake Magnitude, Intensity Measurements, and Intensity Characteristics Magnitude Mercalli
Intensity
Effects Frequency
Less than 2.0
I Microearthquakes, not felt or rarely felt; recorded by seismographs.
Continual
2.0-2.9 I to II Felt slightly by some people, damages to buildings. Over 1M per year 3.0-3.9 II to IV Often felt by people; rarely causes damage; shaking of indoor objects noticeable.
Over 100,000 per year
4.0-4.9 IV to VI Noticeable shaking of indoor objects and rattling noises; felt by most people in the affected area; slightly felt outside; generally, no to minimal damage. 10K to 15K per year
5.0-5.9 VI to VIII Can cause damage of varying severity to poorly constructed buildings; at most, none to slight damage to all other buildings. Felt by everyone. 1K to 1,500 per year
6.0-6.9 VII to X Damage to a moderate number of well-built structures in populated areas; earthquake-resistant structures survive with slight to moderate damage; poorly designed structures receive moderate to severe damage; felt in wider areas; up to hundreds of miles/kilometers from the epicenter; strong to violent shaking in epicentral area. 100 to 150 per year
7.0-7.9 VIII< Causes damage to most buildings, some to partially or completely collapse or receive severe damage; welldesigned structures are likely to receive damage; felt across great distances with major damage mostly limited to 250 km from epicenter. 10 to 20 per year
8.0-8.9 VIII< Major damage to buildings, structures likely to be destroyed; will cause moderate to heavy damage to sturdy or earthquake-resistant buildings; damaging in large areas; felt in extremely large regions.
One per year 10 – 50 years
Source: USGS Magnitude – Magnitude represents the amount of seismic energy released at the hypocenter of an earthquake. It is based on the amplitude of the earthquake waves recorded. Seismologists have developed several magnitude scales; one of the first was the Richter Scale, developed in 1932 by the late Dr. Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology. The Richter Scale is numeric and has a logarithmic relationship between scale factors, so that a difference of one scale number represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude, which in turn corresponds to an approximate 31x energy release difference when compared to the next whole number value. The Moment Magnitude scale (Mw, or M), which is a measurement of energy released by the movement of a fault and is the modern method used by seismologists to measure earthquakes. Overall, as the amount of energy released by an earthquake increases, the potential for ground shaking impacts also increases. Distance from Epicenter – Earthquake energy generally dissipates (or attenuates) with distance from a fault. Over long distances, this loss of energy can be significant, resulting in a significant decrease in ground shaking with increased distance from the epicenter.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 183 | Section 5Duration of Strong Shaking – The duration of the strong ground shaking constitutes a major role in determining the amount of structural damage and the potential for ground failure that can result from an earthquake. Larger magnitude earthquakes have longer durations than smaller earthquakes. Local Geologic Conditions – The geologic and soil conditions at a particular site have the potential to substantially increase the effects of ground shaking. The thickness, density, and consistency of the soil, as well as shallow ground water levels, have the potential to amplify the effects of ground shaking depending on the characteristics of the earthquake. In general, the presence of unconsolidated soils above the bedrock surface can amplify the ground shaking caused by an earthquake. Fundamental Periods – Every structure has its own fundamental period or natural vibration. If the vibration of ground shaking coincides with the natural vibration period of a structure, damage to the structure can be greatly increased. The extent of damage suffered during an earthquake can also depend on non-geologic factors. The type of building and its structural integrity will influence the severity of the damage suffered. Generally, small, well-constructed, one- and two-story wood and steel frame buildings have performed well in earthquakes because of their light weight and flexibility. Reinforced concrete structures will also usually perform well. Buildings constructed from non-flexible materials, such as unreinforced brick and concrete, hollow concrete block, clay tile, or adobe, are more vulnerable to earthquake damage. Effects of Ground Shaking – The primary effect of ground shaking is the damage or destruction of buildings, infrastructure, and possible injury or loss of life. Building damage can range from minor cracking of plaster to total collapse. Disruption of infrastructure facilities can include damage to utilities, pipelines, roads, and bridges. Ruptured gas and water lines can result in fire and produce scour/inundation damage, respectively, to structures, as can fire from other causes, such as electrical damages. Secondary effects can include geologic impacts such as co-seismic fault movement along nearby faults, seismically induced slope instability, liquefaction, lateral spreading, and other forms of ground failure and seismic response. As identified previously the determinants of that damage will occur following an earthquake depend on multiple variables, such as: the infrastructure’s distance from the epicenter, type of soil, building construction, etc. Research indicates that damage usually does not occur unless an earthquake magnitude is somewhere above 4 or 5. Earthquake magnitude is the size measured in amplitude on a seismograph. The intensity is a measure of the shaking and damaged which varies based on distance from the epicenter, type of surface material, and other factors. A magnitude above 5.3 is considered a moderate earthquake, and a magnitude above 6.3 is considered a strong earthquake. A moderate earthquake occurring in or near Riverside County could result in deaths, casualties, property damage, environmental damage, and disruption of normal County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 184 | Section 5government and community services. The effects could be aggravated by collateral emergencies such as fires, flooding, hazardous material spills, utility disruptions, landslides, transportation emergencies, and the possible failure of dams in Riverside County. The community needs would most likely exceed the response capability of the County’s first responder and emergency management organizations, requiring mutual assistance from volunteer and private agencies, the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), and the Federal Emergency Support Functions. A strong earthquake can be catastrophic for Riverside County and could cause thousands of casualties, property damage, disruption in communications and utility systems, disruption in supply and distribution systems, and general panic. An earthquake of this magnitude could directly affect all Riverside County and most of Southern California, causing a critical demand on mutual aid resources and competition for relief support. Source:https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-magnitude-does-damage-begin-occurearthquake#:~:text=There%20is%20not%20one%20magnitude,somewhere%20above%204%20or%205) Key effects and response considerations: x Effects on people and housing. In the event of an earthquake, the primary consideration is saving lives. Time and effort must also provide for mental health, reuniting families, shelters, and restoring basic needs and basic services. Major efforts will be required to remove debris and clear roadways, demolish unsafe structures, assist in re-establishing public services and utilities, provide continuing care and temporary housing for affected citizens. Local government emergency plans indicate that although there is a general capacity to respond to injuries and damage caused by minor to moderate earthquakes, it is unlikely that local agencies will be able to cope with the immediate impact of a strong earthquake. The public must realize the assistance they have been accustomed to expecting will not be immediately available. The damage caused by earthquakes can affect all aspects of a community, from government services to private enterprise to civic activities. These events: Severely restrict or overwhelm our response resources, communications, transportation, and utilities; and Leave many individuals and neighborhoods cut off from outside support. Damaged roads and disrupted communications systems may restrict the access of emergency response agencies into critically affected areas. Thus, for the initial period County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 185 | Section 5 immediately following a disaster—often up to three days or longer—individuals, households, and neighborhoods may need to rely on their own resources for food, water, shelter, and first aid. Individual preparedness, planning, survival skills, and mutual aid within neighborhoods and worksites during this initial period are essential measures in managing in the aftermath of a disaster. Actions taken in advance will impact the quality of survival and ability to help others safely and effectively. Learning about community hazards, community plans, understanding hazard-specific protective actions, assembling important emergency supplies, and mitigating potential hazards in the home are all essential emergency preparedness activities that citizens can take. In the event of a major earthquake citizens must be prepared to wait for up to 72 hours or more for any type of organized response.
Source: https://www.ready.gov/sites/default/files/2019.CERT_.Basic_.PM_FINAL_508c.pdf Impacts on population: Table 24 provides a summary of HAZUS Estimated Impacts on Riverside County. That summary identifies over 19,000 households that could be displaces and over 25,000 homes that could be in a complete damage state. This would require large scale mass care and sheltering services. Loss of utility service would have major impacts on the people in the County. Table 24 noted that 99% of all households could be without water. Social Vulnerability: Populations most vulnerable to earthquake hazards would be those that rely on specific services or electrical power, which may not be available during or after an earthquake, or those which are homeless, would have a difficult time evacuating due to age or disability, cannot communicate easily due to speaking English less than well, for example.Effects on commercial and industrial structures. After any earthquake, individuals are likely to lose wages due to the inability of businesses to function because of damaged goods, facilities and/or infrastructure. With business losses, the County of Riverside and the cities in the Riverside County Operational Area will lose revenue. Economic recovery from damaging earthquakes will be critical to the communities involved. If essential services are not restored, many businesses could close. About 25 percent of businesses do not reopen after disasters. Having an emergency disaster plan and a continuity of operations plan in place can reduce that risk and help the business recover faster.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 186 | Section 5Source:https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210318/stay-business-after-disasterplanning-ahead x Effects on infrastructure. The damage caused by an earthquake can lead to affecting the availability of law enforcement, fire service, and other essential governmental services. Additionally, impacts to water, gas, communication, and electrical services could be interrupted for residents in the OA leaving essential services to be unavailable until alternative options can be provided. Much of the roadways and freeways experience damage, leading to traffic gridlock. x Effects on Critical Facilities. Many critical facilities have been identified as being adjacent to the various faults in the County which includes hospitals, fire stations, law enforcement facilities, and schools. Depending on the location of the earthquake epicenter, facilities that are not seismically retrofitted or built to sufficient earthquake resilience standards could potentially be damaged beyond reasonable repair forcing services to be relocated or have services suspended. x Effects on agriculture. Earthquakes can cause loss of human life, loss of animal life, and property damage to structures and land dedicated to agricultural uses. The most significant long-term impacts on agriculture from earthquakes are those that arise from the cascading effects of fire and flood.
Note: Please refer to Section 4.4 Critical Facilities for additional maps. Historically, the San Andreas Fault is the most active among the fault network that cuts through rocks of the California coastal region. The entire San Andreas Fault system is more than 800 miles long and extends to depths of at least 10 miles below the earth’s crust. The San Andreas Fault in California forms a continuous, narrow break in the earth’s crust that extends from northern California southward to the Cajon Pass near San Bernardino City. Several branching faults, including the San Jacinto and Banning faults, share the movement of the crustal plates as the fault continues southeast to the Salton Sea and to Baja California Sea of Cortez. Studies of the San Andreas near San Gorgonio Pass reveal that this area is more advanced in the cycle of strain accumulation than the western area at the Cajon Pass. Earthquake activity around the Southern San Andreas, including the June 1992 LandersBig Bear earthquakes, had previously prompted scientists to increase their studies of this area.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 187 | Section 5The San Jacinto fault has had a higher level of moderate to strong earthquakes during the past 50 to 100 years, although the slip rate is not as high. Geodetic data indicates an appreciable strain accumulation across both faults, implying that either one may be primed for release. The Casa Loma Fault is one of the larger and more active fault segments of the San Jacinto fault. It extends from near the Perris Reservoir to just north of the community of Anza. Clark Fault is another large and active segment which extends near Hemet to just nine (9) miles southwest of the shore of the Salton Sea. This section of the San Jacinto Fault produced a series of large earthquakes starting in 1899 on average every 14 years, with the longest interval being 19 years. In 2015, the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) estimated 30-year probabilities of 19 percent for an M 6.7 and larger event on the Southern San Jacinto Fault. Map 9: Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3) Source: http://wgcep.org/UCERF3Date retrieved from the internet: October 2022 County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 188 | Section 5A third major fault zone that traverses Riverside County is the Elsinore Fault. The Elsinore Fault Zone is one of the largest in southern California. The main trace of the Elsinore fault zone has only seen one historical event greater than magnitude 5.2 – the earthquake of 1910 which had a magnitude 6.0 and erupted near Temescal Valley. Risk Assessment Conclusion Riverside County is at risk for significant earthquakes causing catastrophic damage and strains on response and mitigation resources. Both property and human life are at high risk. The County experiences hundreds of minor quakes each month from the faults in the area. Studies indicate that stress is building up in major faults like the San Andreas. A major quake could happen at any time. Earthquake risk is very high in Riverside County's most heavily populated western region and in the Coachella Valley, due to the presence of two of California's most active faults: the San Andreas Fault and San Jacinto Fault. The risk is also high in Riverside County’s less populated region east of the Coachella Valley. All scenarios reviewed of a strong earthquake rated at a 7.0 or higher within the OA could have devastating effects overall, leaving emergency response capabilities overwhelmed with service requests, downtime of essential community services for extended periods, deaths, injuries, and mass displacement of community members. The maps below provide additional context to the potential hazard earthquakes can be to the OA. The maps have been developed using the following sources of information:
x Cal OES MyPlan website
x USGS Quaternary Faults websitex 2021 Riverside County General Plan - Safety Element County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section 5 EMD 5.1.25 189 |
Safety Element – Map 10: Riverside County Faults and Zones According to County General Plan plan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/gen Source:
Retrieved from the internet on: December 2022
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section 5 EMD 5.1.25 190 |
Map 11: Riverside County Faults and Zones
ndex.html?id=5a6038b3a1684561a9b0aadf88412fcf https://usgs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/i Source:
Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section 5 EMD 5.1.25 191 |
Map 12: Fault Activity
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section 5 EMD 5.1.25 192 |
Map 13: Ground Shaking Potential
earthquakes within Riverside County and depicts expected The map provided above shows ground shaking potential from intermediate periods (1s or 1hz) ground motions with 2% exceedance probability in 50 years. The colors change tude of the ground motion). As the shaking at a location according to the maximum (peak) intensity of shaking (ampli peaking at a violent shaking level derate (yellow), and strong shaking (pink), progresses from no shaking (green), mo (purple).
Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022 https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/ Source:
Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022 https://myplan.caloes.ca.gov/ Source:
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 193 | Section 5Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading EffectsEarthquakes can cause many cascading effects such as fires, flooding, hazardous material spills, utility disruptions, landslides, transportation emergencies, electrical failure, and failure of dams in Riverside County. HAZUS AssessmentThe HAZUS Loss Library and previously generated scenarios were used to compile general building stock and loss estimates with available earthquake hazard scenarios. Several scenarios around a large earthquake occurring in the OA were used in the assessment. The scenario chosen for analysis were a M7.1 San Andreas Fault Scenario Earthquake centered in the Coachella Valley, and two M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenarios on the Southern San Andreas Fault centered in western Riverside County. One M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenario San Andreas report was generated in 2008 and another was generated in 2021. The MJLHMP planning team did not have the capability to produce its own custom HAZUS reports for the 2023 plan update. The team leveraged the most recent and available prebuilt scenarios in the FEMA HAZUS Loss Library in conjunction with the M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenario from 2008 to understand impacts. While the 2021 generated data utilized a baseline inventory, it did not provide additional information for essential facilities, transportation, and utility systems. The planning team decided upon review of the 2008 “Shakeout” scenario that the previous data relating the scenario that wasn’t addressed in the new modeling should be kept in the assessment. These dated scenario details provide an understanding of potential impacts with an assumption that the impacts stated in the 2008 “Shakeout” Scenario will be exacerbated if they were modeled for today’s community profile. Risk assessment results leveraged from the HAZUS -MH analysis included: General Buildings o Ground Motion o Damage State Probabilities o Damage o Direct Economic Loss Essential Facilities
o Medical Care o Police Stations o Fire Stations o Emergency Response o Schools County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 194 | Section 5 Transportation Systems o Highways o Railways o Light Rail o Bus System o Port and Harbor o Ferry System o Airport Transportation Utility Systems
o Potable Water o Wastewater o Oil o Natural Gas o Electric Power o Communication Induced Physical Damage
o Fire following o Debris
Direct Social Losses
o Casualties o Shelter
Tables 26 (ES-2) and Table 27 provide a summary of HAZUS-MH-estimated impacts for Riverside County for the earthquake scenarios reviewed by the MJLHMP Planning Team. As shown in the table 18.0, the total estimated direct economic loss related to building damage could reach $9.8B in the 2008 “Shakeout” scenario events. The 2021 scenarios showed that a M7.8 along San Andreas Fault in Western Riverside County present day could have an economic loss as high as $12.5 Billion and a M7.1 along the San Andreas fault centered in Coachella could have an economic loss $3.88 Billion. It should be noted that these totals are for Riverside County only. The earthquake scenarios have the potential to cause additional damage in adjacent counties as referenced in Tables 26 and 27.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 195 | Section 5Table 26: Summary of HAZUS Estimated Impacts on Riverside County for the Earthquake Scenario from 2008 (Table ES-2) Impact Category (2008) M 7.8 "Shakeout" San Andreas
Economic loss due to building damage $6.9 Billion Total building-related direct economic loss $9.8 Billion Number of buildings in complete damage state 25,000* Debris generated (million tons) 3.5 Displaced households 19,000 Households* People needing short-term shelter 8,600 People* Fatalities (2am, 2 pm, 5 pm) 60 buildings (70 all causes) * Total injuries (2 am, 2 pm, 5 pm) 11,600 buildings (11,900 all causes) * Percentage of households without water 99% Number of highway bridges with at least moderate damage (potentially closed) 100 *Note: selected custom estimates for the "Shakeout" scenario have been taken from the full USGS technical report, "The Shakeout Scenario". https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1150/Tables 26 and 27 summarize expected essential facility impacts in the 2008 “Shakeout” earthquake events. Estimated building damages to essential facilities in Riverside County ranges could exceed $351 Million. These loss totals should not be considered allinclusive, as replacement cost data was unavailable for many hospitals, and a small number of schools, and police facilities at the time this scenario data was utilized. While this data is from 2008, it allows our planning team to understand the potential severity of a larger earthquake impacting the essential facilities.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 196 | Section 5Table 27: Summary of HAZUS – Estimated Impacts for Riverside County Essential Facilities in Two Earthquake Scenarios Essential
Facility Category
(2008) M7.8 "Shakeout" San Andreas
Mean Damage Economic Loss ($1,000)
Hospitals Medium 14% $3,842
Large 26% $5,180
Schools K-12 (default data) 2% $3,708
K-12 (providing data) 6% $314,182 CCD (providing data) 5% $24,465 EOCs 6% $20 Police Stations 7% $35 Fire Stations 4% $14 Total $351,446 *Note: In Riverside County at the time of this assessment, there are no hospitals which would be categorized by HAZUS as "Small" (<50 licensed acute care beds) County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 197 | Section 5Figure 18: Summary of HAZUS – estimated Impacts for Riverside County in 2021 7.8 Shakeout Full Scenario County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 198 | Section 5Figure 19: Summary of HAZUS – estimated Impacts for Riverside in 2021 7.1 San Andreas (Coachella) Scenario County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 199 | Section 57.1 San Andreas (Coachella) Earthquake Scenario –OA ImpactsThe 7.1 San Andreas (Coachella) scenario will impact the eastern most communities and infrastructure of Riverside County. A summary of the regional impacts is provided in Table 17.2. The MJLHMP Planning team leveraged the scenario and extracted data from census tracks within Riverside County to understand the OA impacts. These impacts are described below: Of the 686,260 households modeled within the OA specific scenario data, up to 65,095 households could be affected, up to 6,799 homes could have major damage and up to 2,668 homes could be destroyed. The Major Damage and homes destroyed could be considered “red tagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy. With displaced households, we could see up to 1,597 displaced households and up to 1,474 households would need shelter assistance. As much as 328,400 tons of brick, wood, and other “light” debris and up to 380,277 tons of concrete and steel “heavy” debris may result from damaged buildings totaling 708,717 tons that would need to be removed in accordance with applicable debris removal standards. The number of people killed because of the scenario damage is expected to be as high as 127 people. Total injuries are expected to be as high as 1,945 individuals. The economic loss as stated previously could be as high as $3.8 billion. 2008 “Shakeout” San Andreas Earthquake Scenario OA ImpactsThe M7.8 “Shakeout” San Andreas scenario earthquake from 2008 shows that an earthquake of this magnitude will impact most of the populated portions of Riverside County. A summary of impacts is provided in Table 26. It should be noted that impact estimates have been taken from the improved estimates developed by the extensive community modeling effort (Jones, et al., 2008) conducted for the “Shakeout” exercise. The use of these estimates is noted where appropriate due to lack of updated modeling available to the MJLHMP planning team at the time of 2023 plan update.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 200 | Section 5Table 28: Summary of HAZUS – Estimated Impacts for Riverside County Due to an M7.8 Scenario Earthquake on the Shakeout San Andreas Fault Source http://pubs.usqs.gov/of/2008/1150In the M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenario earthquake on the San Andreas Fault, dollar losses related to the shaking-induced building damage are estimated to reach $6.9 billion, while total direct economic losses are expected to be approximately $9.8 billion.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 201 | Section 5Figure 20: Direct Economic Loss in Riverside County Resulting from an M7.8 Scenario Earthquake on the “Shakeout” San Andreas FaultAccording to the published “Shakeout” scenario (Jones, et al., 2008), approximately 25,000 buildings would be expected to suffer “Complete” damage in the scenario earthquake. These buildings, predominantly residential mobile homes, would be considered “red-tagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy. A small percentage of these buildings (15% or less) have the potential for collapse, suggesting the need for Urban Search & Rescue. More than 18,000 buildings are expected to suffer “Extensive” damage in this scenario earthquake and would be considered “yellow-tagged”, with restrictions on continued use. While the remainder of buildings would be considered “green-tagged” (safe for occupancy, although some damage may have occurred), approximately 63,000 would be expected to suffer “Moderate” damage, and an additional 137,000 would suffer “Slight” damage.Almost 3.5 million tons of debris may result from these damaged buildings – 58 percent is expected to be heavy debris (concrete and steel), requiring heavy equipment to break County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 202 | Section 5down and remove, while 42 percent is expected to be light debris (wood, brick, and other debris). In the “Shakeout” scenario (Jones, et al., 2008), damage to single family and multi-family dwellings is expected to result in the displacement of approximately 19,000 households. Immediately after the earthquake, significant disruption to the water supply and distribution system is expected, essentially impacting the entire county. While many of the displaced may find shelter with friends and family, or in available hotels, approximately 8,600 people are expected to seek public shelter. The number of people killed because of shaking buildings, transportation system damage, and post-earthquake fire may be on the order of 60 to 70 people. Total injuries, including the range of injuries from minor injuries, treated with basic medical care, to mortal injuries (deaths) from all causes, are estimated to reach 11,900 within the County. Transportation of the injured for treatment could be impacted by transportation system damage with as many as 100 bridges in the County suffering at least “Moderate” damage.2021 “Shakeout” San Andreas Earthquake Scenario OA ImpactsThe 2021 7.8 San Andreas Scenario earthquake centered in Western Riverside County shows that an earthquake of this magnitude will impact most of the populated portions of Riverside County. A summary of impacts is provided in Table 18.2. The MJLHMP Planning team leveraged the scenario and extracted data from census tracks within Riverside County to understand the OA impacts. These impacts are described below: Of the 686,260 households modeled within the OA specific scenario data, up to 145,214 households could be affected, up to 17,416 homes could have major damage and up to 13,558 homes could be destroyed. The Major Damage and homes destroyed could be considered “red tagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy. With displaced households, we could see up to 6,178 displaced households and up to 5,412 households would need shelter assistance. As much as 1,073,464 tons of brick, wood, and other “light” debris and up to 1,517,408 tons of concrete and steel “heavy” debris may result from damaged buildings totaling 2,590,873 tons of debris that would need to be removed in accordance with applicable debris removal standards. The number of people killed because of the scenario damage is expected to be as high as 645 people. Total injuries are expected to be as high as 3,158 individuals. The economic loss as stated previously, could be as high as $12.5 billion.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 203 | Section 5Essential Facility ImpactsTable 27 provides an overview of essential facility performance in the “Shakeout” San Andreas Scenario earthquake. The table lists the number of essential facility sites and buildings (these numbers will differ for multi-building campuses, such as schools and hospitals). The table also provides the total building replacement value and the number of buildings for which value data was available. As can be seen in the table, replacement cost data for hospitals was generally not available, unlike most other essential facility types. Expected building performance in this earthquake event is on the order of 7 percent damage or less for EOCs, fire stations, police stations, and schools, but as much as 26 percent damage to large hospitals. The total economic loss for essential facilities has been estimated to exceed $351 million, with 97 percent of the total loss occurring in schools. It should be noted that although cost data is only available for 31 hospital buildings (out of 77), these 31 buildings suffer more than $9 million in loss, indicating that the actual total economic loss for hospitals would be significant, but can’t be estimated at this time because of the lack of replacement value data. All scenarios reviewed of a major earthquake rated at a M7.0 or higher within the OA could have devastating effects overall, leaving emergency response capabilities overwhelmed with service requests, downtime of essential community services for extended periods, deaths, injuries, and mass displacement of community members.
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M7.8 “Shakeout” San Andreas Fault Scenario – Table 29: Riverside County Essential Facility Loss Estimates Earthquake
Map of California, California Geologic Survey, Data Map The following three maps are from the Fault Activity County of Riverside Operational Area
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lifornia, Western Riverside County Map 14: Fault Activity Map of Ca Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022
https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/ Source:
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Map 15: Fault Activity Map of California, Central Riverside County Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022
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lifornia, Eastern Riverside County Map 16: Fault Activity Map of Ca Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022
https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/ Source:
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 209 | Section 55.3.2 Pandemic Severity: 4 Probability: 2 Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Pandemic and Epidemic ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition A disease outbreak can cause illness and result in significant casualties. Since 1900, there have been four influenza pandemics that killed approximately 600,000 people in the United States. Most recently, COVID-19 was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It is very contagious and has quickly spread around the world. Due to the nature of this virus (Novel to humans), there was little to no immunity among the population, and it took approximately one year to produce a vaccine that could combat the virus. Hospitalizations and deaths were most pronounced in those 65 and older, and those with underlying medical conditions. History 2020 - COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2.
It is part of the coronavirus family, which include common viruses that cause a variety of diseases from head or chest colds to more severe (but rarer) diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). COVID-19 most often causes respiratory symptoms that can feel much like a cold, a flu, or pneumonia. With the introduction of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccinations the numbers of deaths and hospitalizations have decreased. However, the threat of shifts and drifts of this virus continues to be monitored by the CDC. 2009 - Rise of H1N1, popularly referred to as the Swine Flu. According to the California Center for Infectious Diseases, the H1N1 flu (2009 H1N1 influenza virus) is a type of influenza virus that causes respiratory disease that can spread between people. While most people who have been sick have recovered without needing medical treatment, hospitalizations, and deaths from infection with this virus has occurred. The spread of H1N1 flu occurs in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with influenza. As a result of preparation and mitigation strategies such as County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 210 | Section 5 vaccinations and public education, the threat of a full-blown H1N1 pandemic in the U.S. is receding. However, the possibility of another pandemic still exists. 2003 - A previous pandemic flu threat that still looms is the avian flu. Birds can contract avian flu and pass it along to humans. Some strains of the avian flu are more virulent than others. Public health experts continue to be alert to the risk of a possible re-emergence of a 2003 epidemic of avian flu among people primarily in Asia. People who had been very close contact with infected birds (for example, people who lived with chickens in their houses) contracted a virulent form of avian flu and there was a significant death rate from this disease. Thus far, the avian flu virus has not mutated and has not demonstrated easy transmission from person to person. However, were the virus to mutate in a highly virulent form and become easily transmissible from person to person, the public health community would be very concerned about the potential for a pandemic influenza outbreak. Such a pandemic could disrupt all aspects of society and severely affect the economy.
Risk Assessment Influenza, also known as the flu, is a disease that attacks the respiratory system (nose, throat, and lungs) in humans. Although mild cases may be similar to a viral “cold,” influenza is typically much more severe. It usually comes on suddenly; may include fever, headache, tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and body aches; and more often results in complications such as pneumonia. Seasonal influenza is a yearly occurrence that causes serious flu-related complications primarily for persons aged 65 and older and those with chronic health conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), pregnant women, and young children. Those who are exposed but do not succumb develop immunity to the strain circulating that year. Worldwide pandemics of influenza occur when a novel virus emerges to which the population has little immunity. The 20th century saw three such pandemics, the most notable of which was the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic that was responsible for 20 million deaths throughout the world. Secondary impacts include significant economic disruption that can occur due to loss of employee work time and costs of treating or preventing spread of the flu. Source: https://archive.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Influenza(Flu).aspx COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus named SARS-CoV2 and was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It is very contagious and has quickly spread around the world. COVID-19 most often causes respiratory symptoms that can feel much like a cold, a flu, or pneumonia. COVID-19 may attack more than your lungs and respiratory system. Other parts of your body may also be affected by the disease.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 211 | Section 5 x Most people with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, but some people become severely ill.
x Some people including those with minor or no symptoms may suffer from postCOVID conditions — or “long COVID”. x Older adults and people who have certain underlying medical conditions are at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19.
x Hundreds of thousands of people have died from COVID-19 in the United States. x Vaccines against COVID-19 are safe and effective. Vaccines teach our immune system to fight the virus that causes COVID-19.
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/about-covid-19/basicscovid-19.html#:~:text=with%20updated%20guidance.- ,About%20COVID%2D19,%2C%20a%20flu%2C%20or%20pneumonia. California Department of Public Health The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) monitors flu conditions on an annual basis, including all virologic, case based and syndromic surveillance. CDPH works with Riverside County to help the community prepare and mitigate the effects of Pandemic Flu. x Effects on people and housing. The risk to people can be severe, leading to hospitalization and potential loss of life. Damage to housing because of Pandemic Flu is not likely. Depending on the severity of impact, the public’s confidence for jurisdictional governance may be challenged if coordinated efforts are not effective and uniformed with best practices identified by subject matter experts such as the Centers for Disease Control. x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The risks are minimal to structures. Economic impacts for the OA can be apparent in a pandemic. If staff are infected and unable to work, this can limit the ability for industries that require in-person work to be constrained to the limitation of staffing and resources to augment potential quarantine and isolation of employees. x Effects on infrastructure. The risks are minimal, but if there is a pandemic, the risk will decrease the numbers of workers that go to work, which can have economic and functional effects to the organizations in a community. Continuity of Business and Continuity of Government planning goes into action in these cases. x Effects on agriculture. The risk of animals borne disease can be great in a pandemic, depending on the disease. The impact to agriculture can be great, again depending on the disease. The risk to the environment overall will be minimal.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 212 | Section 5The following charts are from the COVID19.CA.GOV website Figure 21: California COVID-19 Update for December 8, 2022 County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 213 | Section 5Figure 21 Continued County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 214 | Section 55.3.3 Wildland Fire Severity: 4 Probability: 4 Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Wildfire ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Cities in which CAL FIRE has made recommendations on Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ) in Riverside County ¾ Banning ¾ Beaumont ¾ Calimesa ¾ Canyon Lake ¾ Cathedral City ¾ Corona ¾ Desert Hot Springs ¾ Hemet ¾ Jurupa Valley ¾ Lake Elsinore ¾ Menifee ¾ Moreno Valley ¾ Murrieta ¾ Norco ¾ Palm Desert ¾ Palm Springs ¾ Perris ¾ Rancho Mirage ¾ Riverside ¾ San Jacinto ¾ Temecula ¾ Wildomar County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 215 | Section 5Map 17: Riverside County Wildland Fire Threat Source: https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/uk1pvwva/fhsz_county_sra_11x17_2022_riverside_ada.pdf County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 216 | Section 5Map 18: Wildland-Urban Interface Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 217 | Section 5Hazard Definition An unplanned, unwanted wildland fire including unauthorized human-caused fires, escaped wildland fire use events, escaped prescribed fire projects, and all other wildland fires where the objective is to put the fire out. Source: https://community.fema.gov/ProtectiveActions/s/article/Wildfire-WhatPublic Resources Code §4114 and §4130 authorize the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection (Board) to establish a fire plan which, among other things, establishes the levels of statewide fire protection services for State Responsibility Area (SRA) lands. These levels of service recognize other fire protection resources at the federal and local level that collectively provide a regional and statewide emergency response capability. In addition, California’s integrated mutual aid fire protection system provides fire protection services through mutual aid agreements for fire incidents across all ownerships where structures and other human development are more concentrated. The California Fire Plan is the state's road map for reducing the risk of wildfire. The Fire Plan is a cooperative effort between the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. By placing the emphasis on what needs to be done long before a fire starts, the Fire Plan looks to reduce firefighting costs and property losses, increase firefighter safety, and to contribute to ecosystem health. State Responsibility Areas (SRAs) State Responsibility Areas (SRAs) are those lands within California that meet specific geographic and environmental criteria. These are areas where CAL FIRE has legal and financial responsibility for wildland fire protection and where CAL FIRE administers fire hazard classifications and building standard regulations. SRAs are defined as lands that 1) are county unincorporated areas, 2) are not federally owned, 3) have wildland vegetation cover rather than agricultural or ornamental plants, 4) have watershed and/or range/forage value, and 5) have housing densities not exceeding three units per acre.60 Similar to the Federal Responsibility Areas (FRAs), where SRAs contain built environment or development, the responsibility for fire protection of those improvements (non-wildland) is that of a local government agency. Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs) Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs) include land within incorporated cities, cultivated agriculture lands and non-flammable areas in unincorporated areas and those lands that County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 218 | Section 5do not meet the criteria for SRA or FRA. LRA fire protection is typically provided by city fire departments, fire protection districts, and counties, and by CAL FIRE under contract to local governments. LRAs may include flammable vegetation and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) areas where the financial and jurisdictional responsibility for improvement and wildland fire protection is that of a local government agency. Homes in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Areas Wildfire poses a significant risk to the people of California and their homes, as evidenced by an increasing trend in structural losses from wildland fires. The risk is predominantly associated with wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas. WUI is a general term that applies to development interspersed within or adjacent to landscapes that support wildland fire. Housing Unit Density Classes: Class Description:
x Rural/Outlying: From one housing unit per five acres to one housing unit per twenty acres.
x Urban: Dwelling unit density of 2 to 8 units per acre. x Wildland Urban Interface: The line, area, or zone where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels. x Wildland Intermix Interface is a condition where homes and other structures are scattered throughout a wildland area.
Managing the human/wildfire conflict requires a commitment of resources and a focused mitigation plan over the long term. The approach must be system-wide and include the following:
x An informed, educated public that takes responsibility for its own decisions relating to wildfire protection
x An effective wildfire suppression program x An aggressive hazardous fuels management program x Land use policies and standards that protect life, property, and natural resources County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 219 | Section 5 x Building and fire codes that reduce structural ignitions from windblown embers and flame contact from WUI fires and impede or halt fire spread within the structure once ignited x Construction and property standards that provide defensible space While some wildfires start by natural causes, humans cause four out of every five wildfires. Historically Between 2001-2010, 85 percent of fires in the United States were caused by humans. Wildfires started by humans are usually the result of debris burns, arson, or carelessness. As a natural hazard, a wildfire is often the direct result of a lightning strike that may destroy personal property and public land areas, especially on state and national forest lands. The predominate dangers from wildfires are:
1. Injury or loss of life to people living in the affected area or using the area for recreational facilities.
2. Injury or loss of life to first responders. 3. The destruction of the environment. Source: https://community.fema.gov/ProtectiveActions/s/article/Wildfire-What Magnitude factors: Generally, there are three major factors that sustain wildfires and predict a given area’s potential to burn and increate the potential magnitude of an incident. These factors are fuel, topography, and weather. • Fuel – Fuel is the material that feeds a fire and is a key factor in wildfire behavior. Fuel is generally classified by type and by volume. Fuel sources are diverse and include everything from dead tree leaves, twigs, and branches to dead standing trees, live trees, brush, and cured grasses. Also, to be considered as a fuel source are manmade structures, such as homes and other associated combustibles. The type of prevalent fuel directly influences the behavior of wildfire. Fuel is the only factor that can be modified by humans. The main fuel types in Stanislaus County are crops and grasses, while there are also brush and pine fuels present in some areas in the western portion of the County. • Topography – An area’s terrain and slopes affect its susceptibility to wildfire spread. Both fire intensity and rate of spread increase as slope increases due to the tendency of County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 220 | Section 5heat from a fire to rise via convection. The arrangement and types of vegetation throughout a hillside can also contribute to increased fire activity on slopes. • Weather – Weather components such as temperature, relative humidity, wind, and lightning affect the potential for wildfire. High temperatures and low relative humidity dry out fuels that feed wildfires, creating a situation where fuel will more readily ignite and burn more intensely. Thus, during periods of drought, the threat of wildfire increases. Wind is the most influential weather factor of the three and its influence can increase rates of spread regardless of temperature and relative humidity. History of Previous Occurrences History There is a long history of wildfires in Riverside County. The next table represents Wildland Fires of 500 acres or greater from 2008 to 2019.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 221 | Section 5Table 30: Riverside County Large Fires 500 Acres and Greater (2008-2019) Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 222 | Section 5Additional Incidents have occurred since 2019 that are not listed on the table above. Available information on those incidents is listed below for fire incidents greater than 500 acres: Table 31: Large Wildland Incidents within Riverside to include Local and State Incidents
YEAR NUMBER OF LARGE
FIRES
Fire Name(s) Acres Burned
2023 0 (as of January 2023) - N/A 2022 2 Fairview
Lost Lake
28,307
5,856
2021 1 Chaparral 1,427 2020 4 Airport
Apple
Sanderson
Snow
1,087
33,424
1,954 6,254
Source: https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/Probability of future events: As noted, as the beginning of this hazard profile, Wildfires probability was ranked as a 4 meaning it is a frequent rating of occurrence. Looking at the history of large wildfire incidents, Riverside County has had at least one large wildfire incident nearly every year since 2008. This ongoing historical trend is likely to continue to occur annually. The preceding Riverside County Wildland Fire Threat maps points out the distinct bilateral character of Riverside County. The western end of the County is more urban, densely populated, and covered with vegetation that is susceptible to wildfires. The eastern end of the County is primarily desert, with far less population and far less vegetation than the western end of the County. We anticipate that future events will occur County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 223 | Section 5more frequently on the western end of the county, and this assessment reflects the amount of high severity zones seen on the western end of the County as seen on the following Hazard Severity Maps. The categories of fire severity maps are:
x Little or No Threat x Moderate x High x Very High x Extreme The following two maps are maps of Fire Hazard Severity Zones. They show the wildfire susceptibility Risks and the local responsibility area, and the state or federal responsibility areas.
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Map 19: Riverside County Wildfire Susceptibility Risks Map plan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/gen Source:
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Map 20: Fire Hazard Severity Zones (West County) and Emergency Service Facilities plan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/gen Source:
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Map 21: Eastern Riverside County Wildfire Susceptibility Risks Map County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 227 | Section 5Risk Assessment Fire is a continuous threat in Southern California, particularly in Riverside County. According to the National Risk Index as of January 2023, Riverside County has a very high-Risk Index Score of 100.00 out of 100.00. A chart that demonstrates the distribution of hazard type Risk Score is available below to convey the severity of this potential hazard. Major areas of concern lie within the wildland and urban interfaces. Hundreds of homes now border major forests and brush areas. With thousands of people living near and visiting wildland areas, the probability of human-caused fires is growing. Although occurring with less frequency, the threat of fire from lightning strikes also exists. The Idyllwild area, San Jacinto Mountains is heavily forested and high hazard area. Figure 22: National Risk Index Score distribution Source: https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 228 | Section 5Generally, the dry seasons are a major time for an increase in the number of forest fires and structure fires. The standard "shake roof" is a particular hazard, as is the poor control of flammable growth around structures. During times of the strong "Santa Ana" winds, fire danger is particularly high. The increase of industrial complexes, transportation networks, and utility networks pose a threat that is not seasonal, but rather year-round. Associated with industry and transportation networks is the ever-present problem of hazardous materials. Although not necessarily a wildland threat, a fire occurring in an urban area involving hazardous materials could have serious consequences. Due to the undeveloped and rugged terrain in parts of Riverside County, highly flammable brush- covered land, and long, dry summers, many portions of the County have experienced numerous wildland fires in the recent past. x Effects on people and structures. The effects on people and housing can be significant. Many fires shown in the table above resulted in the evacuation of homes. Wildfires have the potential to destroy residential and commercial buildings, as well as critical infrastructure. To convey the potential financial annual impact on the OA, the National Risk Index provides an estimated Annual Loss Value for Riverside County. Estimated damage value in total could be as high as $135,750,440 with a population equivalence of $162,227. Source: https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map Depending on the severity of the incident the public’s confidence in the OA’s ability to govern could be impacted. x Effects on infrastructure. Due to destroyed powerlines, wildfires often result in power outages. These outages can be extensive in geographic area and numbers of persons affected. x Effects on Critical Facilities. There are approximately 15 fire stations that are in potential direct risk from wildland fires. There are additional critical locations within County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 229 | Section 5 the Idyllwild area that are at a high danger risk from wildland fires. In many cases (i.e., fire stations and schools) these facilities cannot be relocated into a safer area. x Effects on agriculture. Effects on agriculture can be devastating. In addition to the obvious impacts on animals and crops, wildfire can have disastrous effects on soil and water that will affect agriculture for an extended period of time. The economic impacts of wildfire include loss of property, direct agricultural sector job loss, secondary economic losses to businesses in or near wildland resources like parks and national forests, and loss of public access to recreational resources. Fire suppression may also require increased cost to local and state government for water acquisition and delivery, especially during periods of drought when water resources are scarce. Effects on agriculture can be significant. x Effects on the environment. It should be noted that large scale wildfires can have devastating effects on the environment that can take months to years to grown back and return to similar states prior to the incident.
Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Major wildfires can completely destroy ground cover causing flooding and erosion. If heavy rains follow a major fire, flash floods, heavy erosion, landslides and mudflows can occur. These cascading effects can have impacts on people, structures, infrastructure, agriculture, and the environment. Risk Assessment Conclusion. The western end of Riverside County is more susceptible to wildfire than the eastern end of the County. The effects can be far-reaching in terms of the number of acres involved, the toll on human life, and the economic consequences. Wildfire will continue to be a highrisk hazard for Riverside County and is a mitigation priority for the OA.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 230 | Section 55.3.4 Electrical Failure – Power Outage Severity: 4 Probability: 4 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Power Outage Incidents ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition Identifying Energy Shortage Hazards California continues to experience both population growth and weather cycles that contribute to a heavy demand for power. Climate change may also increase California’s vulnerability to energy shortage hazards, as frequency and severity of natural hazards such as Extreme Weather in the form of Extreme Heat become more frequent, this could challenge the National Grids ability to provide power through extended heatwaves when demands for climate-controlled environments are needed by the public. Predicted increases in heat waves, as well as increasingly severe winter storms, will put ever greater strain on California’s electricity system. The frequency and intensity of heat waves are expected to increase globally, threatening human and animal health, especially among the elderly, poor, chronically ill, homeless populations, individuals with access and functional needs (AFN), and other vulnerable populations as noted by the Cal-OES Extreme Temperature Response Plan. Source: https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wpcontent/uploads/Preparedness/Documents/Extreme-Temperature-Response-Plan2022-v3.pdf Hydro-generation provides approximately 20 percent of California’s electric power, with the balance coming from fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewable sources. Rotating outages and/or blackouts such as those experienced in August of 2020 can occur due to losses in transmission or generation and/or extremely severe temperatures that lead to heavy electric power consumption. The electric power industry does not have a universal agreement for classifying disruptions.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 231 | Section 5Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that different types of outages are possible so that plans may be made to handle them effectively. Electric power disruptions can be generally grouped into two categories: intentional and unintentional. There are four types of intentional disruptions:
1. Planned [Maintenance/ Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS)]: Some disruptions are intentional and can be scheduled. For example, a disruption may be necessary when components of the power system are taken out of service for maintenance or upgrading. Scheduled intentional disruptions can last from several minutes to several hours, and customers are usually notified in advance. In recent years, power utility companies such as SoCal Edison have begun initiating Public Safety Power Shutoffs for grid areas that show high risk of fire ignition from downed and damaged powerlines. Source: https://www.sce.com/outage-center/outage-information/psps
2. Unscheduled (Repair): Some intentional disruptions must be done "on the spot." As a result, advance notice cannot be provided. For example, a fire department or a police department may request a disruption in service during a fire or an accident.
3. Demand-Side Management: Some customers (i.e., on the demand side) have entered into an agreement with their utility provider to curtail their demand for electricity during periods of peak system loads. In return for agreeing to these disruptions, these customers receive a lower electric rate and/or a rebate.
4. Load Shedding (Rotating): When the power system is under extreme stress due to heavy demand and/or failure of critical components, it is sometimes necessary to intentionally interrupt the service to selected customers to prevent the entire system from collapsing. In such cases, customer service (or load) is cut, sometimes with little or no warning. One form of load shedding called a "rotating blackout" involves cutting service to selected customers for a predetermined period (usually not more than two hours). As power is restored to one block of customers, the power to another block of customers is interrupted to reduce the overall load on the system.
Unintentional or unplanned disruptions are outages that come with essentially no advance notice. This type of disruption is the most problematic. The following are categories of unplanned disruptions:
• Accident by the utility, utility contractor, or others.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 232 | Section 5 • Malfunction or equipment failure due, for example, to age, improper operation, excessive operation, or manufacturing defect; special subcategories cover broken fuse links and underground cable, joint, or termination failures. • Equipment overload (utility company or customer).• Reduced capability (equipment that cannot operate within its design criteria).• Tree contact other than from storms.• Vandalism or intentional damage.• Weather, including ice/snow, lightning, wind, earthquake, flood, and broken tree limbs taking down power lines.
• A wildfire that damages transmission lines.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 233 | Section 5Table 32: Riverside County Power Outages (1993-2021) Location Date Incident Description
Riverside County 10/28/1993
Variety of fires. 129 structures destroyed. Power outages. 6 injuries.
Greater Jurupa
Area
1/6/1996
Property damage, power disruption, road damage.
Beaumont 2/17/1999
60mph winds damaged roofs, downed trees and power lines, and created a dense dust storm. A plume of dust penetrated homes and covered all surfaces and filled
closets and cupboards. Yards had 3" to 6" of silt. 1128 homes damaged. 27 vehicles.
Hector Mine Earthquake 10/16/1999
Minor damage to buildings, power interruption, communication interruption, gas line break causing a leak.
Blythe 8/23/2000 Power outage from storms. Provided shelter for 24 people. Desert Cities 8/27/2000 Thunderstorm and wildfires caused power interruption. 2,800 customers without power.
Eastern Coachella
Valley 7/3/2001
Power failure. Several thousand people affected.
Riverside County 2/9/2002
High wind. Damage throughout the County. Roof damage, structure fires, wildfires started but were contained before 15-acre point. Power outages from the wind.
Moreno Valley 7/22/2002
51 home blackout. Transformer fire. Illegal dumping of used motor oil into the transformer vault.
Mira Loma, Jurupa, Rubidoux,
Pedley, Sky Country
1/6/2003
High wind caused road closures, downed trees and power lines. Semi-truck overturns. Power outages affecting 10,000. Fire.
Riverside County 1/14/2003
Power lines down with 936,569 people affected, trees felled, homes damaged, fire triggered from downed lines, Elsinore, Hemet,
Moreno Valley,
Perris, San Jacinto
and Temecula in the
southeastern area of
Riverside County
4/23/2009 Substation load interruption led to loss of power to 280.000 residents.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 234 | Section 5 Riverside County,
Orange County,
parts of Arizona and
Mexico
9/8/2011 Cascading outages led to approximately 2.7 million customers without power due to an 11-minute system disturbance. Power loss lasted as long as 12 hours for some affected. Riverside County’s Imperial Irrigation District was directly affected.
Thousand Palms,
Indio and Desert Hot
Springs
4/30/2014 A cut fiber ring led to communication failure for 261 residents. Power outages for 10,500 residents due to windy conditions.
Riverside 3/11/2016 Micro-burst caused down powerlines and power outages, 3,000 people affected.
Riverside 4/29/2016 Power outage led to 20,020 SoCal Edison customers affected.
Moreno Valley 2/10/2017 8,137 residents lost power due to substation malfunction Riverside University
Health System
5/11/2017 Scheduled maintenance required the hospital to switch to partial generator power for 16 hours.
Desert Reginal
Hospital
5/17/2017 Experience power outage and ran off generators, Riverside 10/26/2017 Load shedding caused loss of power to 104,000 residents Jurupa Valley 10/27/2020 Scheduled maintenance for 8 hours. 926 residents were affected.
San Jacinto, Hemet,
and South of Juniper
Flats
12/2/2020 Public Safety Power Shutoffs due to Santa Ana winds affected 1762 customers for over 24 hours.
Beaumont, Cherry
Valley, Riverside
County
1/19/2021 Power outage caused 100 percent of customers (1411) to lose power for 13 hours.
Banning, Idyllwild,
Palm Springs,
Cabazon, Eastvale,
Jurupa Valley,
Riverside County
11/25/2021 Public Safety Power Shutoffs due to Santa Ana winds caused power outage for over 24 hours.
Note: Table is not inclusive of all power shutoffs that occur throughout the county.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 235 | Section 5Risk Assessment Catastrophic damage to property or loss of life due directly to power failure is possible members of the public who meet the criterial of Critical Care Patients such as those require the use of electrically powered medical devices are particularly vulnerable to this hazard. If services are interrupted for those individuals and they do not plan accordingly could require the assistance of first responders or public services such as Cooling and/or Warming Centers to weather the impacts until they subside. An individual could lose their life if they come into contact with a downed power line. Although the risk of a power outage is high, the direct damage potential is low. Source: https://www.sce.com/outage-center/customer-resources-and-support/criticalcare-backup-battery-programPower outages or interrupted service often occur during electrical storms and high winds. Wildfires also cause power outages in Riverside County. There is a very real possibility of a widespread blackout due to the earthquake. x Effects on people and housing. Impacts due directly to power failure are slight.
Those who require electric powered medical equipment will be at greater risk. In areas of the county that are impacted by high temperatures, or very cold temperatures, a power outage can have an impact on the heating or cooling abilities. The potential impact on the public’s confidence in the OA’s ability to govern will be minimal. x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Impacts due directly to power failure are slight. If an outage lasts many days, the impact would be of greater severity. x Effects on infrastructure. Impacts to the ability of infrastructure in the area of failure to support emergency response may be significant, although not permanent. x Effect on Critical Facilities. Most critical facilities are required to have a back- up generator. Depending on the facility, the power outage can have strong effects on parts of the population that need medical devices, also for cooling and heating purposes. Extended periods of power outage can strain back-up generator equipment and the service providers for fuel to run those generators if they are to exceed 72 hours of interruption. x Effects on agriculture & the environment. Impacts due directly to power failure are slight.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 236 | Section 5Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects As noted, other hazards such as an earthquake, wildfire, electrical storms, and high winds may be causes of blackouts. Risk Assessment Conclusion The County needs to be prepared to coordinate with utility companies on prioritized power restoration should there be a failure due to downed lines caused by another hazardous condition or intentional disruptions made in the form of a PSPS.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 237 | Section 55.3.5 Emerging Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Severity: 4 Probability: 4 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Emerging / Re-emerging Infectious Diseases ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition According to the Center for Disease Control, the term "emerging infectious diseases" refers to diseases of infectious origin whose incidence in humans has either increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future. Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are new, new to the area, reappearing in the area after being fairly dormant, or a strain has become resistant to antibiotics. These illnesses are caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi that have entered into the body and began to multiply. Infectious diseases can be spread throughout the County population in a number of different ways:
• Vector (Bug bites) • Person to person • Contaminated food water or soil Zika Zika is a virus that is predominantly transmitted through the vector. Female Aedes ageypti are more dangerous than males. This is due to the fact that females have blood meals and males do not. They also spread the infection through laying eggs in standing water. Riverside County has detected Aedes ageypti, however, the ones that have been tested do not carry the virus. The reported cases in Riverside County have all been travel related illnesses. The threat of transmission is still present due to the potential sexual transmission of the virus.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 238 | Section 5Map 22: Aedes Distribution Map by County Source: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/AedesDistributionMap.pdfEbola Ebola is dominant in African countries, though with the ease of travel it has the potential to make its way to California. It is transmitted through blood, bodily fluids, direct contact with broken skin, contaminated needles, and infected primates. When infected it can be fatal. Ebola can spread rapidly within Health Care Facilities when staff are not properly trained of not wearing adequate personal protective gear.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 239 | Section 5Dengue Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bite of an infected Aedes species (Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus) mosquito. Dengue is caused by one of any of four related viruses: Dengue virus 1, 2, 3, and 4. For this reason, a person can be infected with a dengue virus as many as four times in his or her lifetime. The same mosquitos that can spread Zika can spread Dengue. Almost half of the world’s population, about 4 billion people, live in areas with a risk of dengue. Prevent dengue by avoiding mosquito bites. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/areaswithrisk/index.htmlAvian InfluenzaAvian influenza or bird flu refers to the disease caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Type A viruses. These viruses naturally spread among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species. Bird flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with bird flu viruses have occurred. Infected birds can shed avian influenza A viruses in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. Susceptible birds become infected when they have contact with the virus as it is shed by infected birds. They also can become infected through contact with surfaces that are contaminated with virus from infected birds. Avian influenza A viruses are classified into the following two categories: low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) A viruses, and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A viruses. Both HPAI and LPAI viruses can spread rapidly through poultry flocks. HPAI and LPAI designations do not refer to or correlate with the severity of illness in cases of human infection with these viruses; both LPAI and HPAI A viruses have caused mild to severe illness in infected humans.
Respiratory Illnesses (RSV, COVID-19)
Respiratory syncytial (sin-SISH-uhl) virus, or RSV, is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. Most people recover in a week or two, but RSV can be serious, especially for infants and older adults. RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs) in children younger than 1 year of age in the United States.
COVID-19 is caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. It is part of the coronavirus family, which include common viruses that cause a variety of diseases from head or chest colds to more severe (but rarer) diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). COVID-19 may cause mild symptoms in people, but others may have severe disease or require hospitalization. Older people and those with moderate to severe immunocompromise may suffer more with COVID-19 infection. Long COVID, or post COVID conditions, may cause lingering morbidity or complication, even with minor COVID-19 infection.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 240 | Section 5Respiratory illnesses can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes; you get virus droplets from a cough or sneeze in your eyes, nose, or mouth; you have direct contact with the virus, like kissing the face of a child with RSV; you touch a surface that has the virus on it, like a doorknob, and then touch your face before washing your hands.
Risk Assessment
x Effects on people and housing. The risk to people can be severe, leading to hospitalization and possibly loss of life. Damages to housing as a result of an emerging / re-emerging infectious disease is not likely. The impact on the public’s confidence in the OA’s ability to govern is very low.
x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The risks are minimal to structures.
x Effects on infrastructure. The risks are minimal, but if there is an emerging or reemerging infectious disease outbreak the risk to people will lessen the numbers of workers that can go to their regular employment, which can strain the maintaining the infrastructure. Continuity of Business and of Government may become an issue. Outbreaks also but a strain on schools, hospitals, doctor offices and businesses. x Effects on agriculture & environment: Agriculture can be devastatingly affected by emerging / re-emerging infectious diseases. There are a number of vector borne illnesses that can affect livestock such as Lyme disease, Salmonella and rabies. Plant pests or viruses can cause huge losses in crops that can threaten food safety and farmer livelihood stability. This can also impact local fauna can also be impacted depending on the ability of each disease to transmit to animals and plants.
History of Events 2015/17 – Zika was confirmed in Riverside County in 2015 with 14 infections. In 2017, there were 2 confirmed cases. All cases were travel related. Report accuracy reflects confirmed cases. Due to the symptoms mirroring a cold, the number could be higher but the mortality rate for this disease is very low. Its greatest impact is on a pregnant woman. 153 cases were reported within the state of California as of August 2016. Sexual transmission is a possibility with this virus. Transmitting mosquitos, Aedes ageypti, are present within the County.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 241 | Section 52014/16 – Riverside County was alerted of the 2014 West Africa Ebola Outbreak in West African countries. Worldwide, a total of 1,975 cases were confirmed and 1,069 deaths were reported in August 2014. In 2016 the numbers had grown to 15,261 confirmed cases and 11,325 fatalities; it was the largest outbreak in history. Infection Control Measures were released from the Riverside Department of Public Health to first responders and EMS professionals. Though Riverside did not experience an outbreak or confirm a case, they were on high alert of the potential spread of the disease. 2015 – West Nile was contracted by 737 people within the county and there were 45 reported deaths.
2013 – Large scale Tuberculosis testing. 2 cases were confirmed and 72 were treated for latent TB infections.
2004 – Botulism Type A was detected in four inmates within Riverside County. 2003 – West Nile Virus was detected in birds in the City of Riverside and the Coachella Valley. There was one reported human case within the County. Imperial and Los Angeles Counties also reported human cases.
Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects This hazard has the potential to impact EMS first responders and Health Care Facilities. In the event that the timing of an outbreak coincided with another hazard, the healthcare impact could be extensive. Risk Assessment Conclusion Public Health Departments for the County, State, nation and the world constantly monitor all emerging / re-emerging infectious diseases. This gives medical personnel the necessary time to prepare or mitigate possible effects of emerging / re-emerging infectious diseases. As a result of the Ebola and Zika outbreaks, Riverside County EMS Agency released Policy 2102, Emerging Infectious Diseases Screening. Its purpose is to specify procedures to be followed when highly pathogenic emerging viruses are suspected during emergency call taking and response or confirmed prior to interfaculty transport.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 242 | Section 55.3.6 Cyber Attack Severity: 4 Probability: 1 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Cyber Attack ¾ Riverside County Jurisdiction ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County Hazard Definition Cyber-terrorism is the use of computer network tools to shut down critical government infrastructures such as energy, transportation, and government operations, or to coerce or intimidate a government or civilian population. The premise of cyber terrorism is that as nations and critical infrastructure became more dependent on computer networks for their operation, new vulnerabilities are created. A hostile nation or group could exploit these vulnerabilities to penetrate a poorly secured computer network and disrupt or even shut down critical public or business operations. The goal of cyber terrorism is believed to be aimed at hurting the economy of a region or country, and to amplify the effects of a traditional physical terrorist attack by causing additional confusion and panic. Cyber-terrorism. Recent incidents illustrate the County’s vulnerability to cyber- terrorism. x Effects on people and housing. If a Cyber-attack were to happen at a Healthcare Facility the effects could be detrimental to patients and their care. Sensitive Security Information could be obtained, and the hackers could release patient files, payment information and other personal data that could harm individuals and employees. Impacts on a Computer Aided Dispatch System (CAD) from cyber terrorism could also cause impacts on the residents of the community as interruption of this service could delay 9-1-1 response times. This hazard could negatively impact the public’s confidence in the OA’s ability to govern if the incident is severe enough to impact the publics life, safety, or personally identifiable information (PII). x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Depending on levels of contamination and exposure, effects could range from minimal to devastating.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 243 | Section 5 x Effects on infrastructure. Cyber-terrorism can have profound effects on infrastructure. If an attack were to happen in a critical facility it could potentially make it inoperable. As critical infrastructure continues to leverage supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) applications, unpatched software and/or unprotected ports connected to the internet could allow threat actors to compromise critical infrastructure operations leading to potential impacts on the general public’s essential services such as delivery of water, power and/or other resources. x Effects on agriculture & the environment. Depending on levels of contamination and exposure, effects could range from minimal to devastating. The impacts to the environment would be minimal.
History of Events In 2016 the County of Riverside Emergency Management Department was targeted for a ransomware attack that resulted in a disruption of work. It also affected the Department Operations Center (DOC) shared drive, which could have hindered response to a disaster. We have not identified any events that would be identified as cyber-terrorism since 2016. However, it should be noted that all jurisdictions in the OA face cyber threats every day that do coming in the form of: Ransomware, Business Email Compromise, Insider Threat, Phishing, Denial-of-Service Attacks, and Cross site Scripting. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Cyber-attacks have the ability to shut down entire facilities. If an attack were to happen during a disaster it could greatly affect the response of first responders and EOC personnel. If Personally Identifiable Information (PII) or data categorized protected under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is compromised, the county could be impacted by reputational damage and significant financial penalties. Risk Assessment ConclusionCyber-attacks happen within the County on a daily basis. The Riverside County Information Technology Department (RCIT) has multiple prevention systems in place that protect County servers and network systems. RCIT monitors County systems 24 hours a day and has the Albert Sensor that will report to the Center for Internet Security (CIS), Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) all Domain Name System County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 244 | Section 5(DNS) and NetFlow traffic for correlation with the Department of Homeland Security’s threat intelligence database for alerting of malicious network connections to blacklisted IP address and Domains on the Internet. Another implemented system is the Enterprise Breach Detection System that inspects all internal/lateral county network traffic for indicators of compromise (IOCs) enabling the Information Security Office to rapidly detect, respond to, contain, and prevent cyber-attacks, malware outbreaks, network reconnaissance, data exfiltration, and C2 (command & control) and botnet activities. Recent investments to protect the county against Cyber-terrorism and Cyber-attacks include:
x 2018 - The creation of a dedicated Security Operations Center. x 2018 – The County purchased a Security Orchestration Automation and Response (SOAR) platform to automate and standardize the response to cyber security incidents. x 2019 – The county invested in KnowBe4 to perform phishing simulation/awareness x 2021 – The County changed its policy to require every employee to take cyber security awareness training annually.
x 2022 – The County is currently in the process of purchasing a Breach Attack and Simulation Platform that will allow the County to test the configuration of security tools. This will allow us test against the specific Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) used specific Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) actors.
RCIT is also in the process of implementing more programs for the safety of the County’s networks. Due to the level of security, the threat of a Cyber-attack is fairly low, but the potential dangers could be very damaging.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 245 | Section 55.3.7 Terrorist Event Severity: 3 Probability: 1 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Terrorism ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition The unlawful use or threatened use of violence committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. Terrorism can be defined and segmented into two categories.
International terrorism: Violent, criminal acts committed by individuals and/or groups who are inspired by, or associated with, designated foreign terrorist organizations or nations (state-sponsored). Domestic terrorism: Violent, criminal acts committed by individuals and/or groups to further ideological goals stemming from domestic influences, such as those of a political, religious, social, racial, or environmental nature. Source: https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/terrorismHistory Riverside County has experienced some incidents throughout the years. However, threats and incidents have been on the rise. Riverside County has experienced a few incidents of terrorism throughout county history since terrorism is politically based. The risk of terrorism fluctuates with uncertainty.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 246 | Section 5Risk Assessment The following risks and tactics associated with terrorism are defined broadly below to add context: Chemical. A terrorist would not have to build a complicated chemical release device. During favorable weather conditions, an already existing chemical plant could be sabotaged or bombed releasing a toxic cloud to drift into a populated area. The result could be just as dangerous as having placed a smaller chemical device in a more confined space. This type of incident would cause the maximum amount of fear, trepidation, and potential panic among the civilian population, and thus achieve a major terrorist objective. Biological. The agents are cheap, easy to make, and simple to conceal. Even small amounts, if effectively deployed, could cause massive injuries, and overwhelm emergency rooms. The production of biological weapons can be carried out virtually anywhere — in simple laboratories, on a farm, or even in a home. However, experts say it remains very difficult to transform a deadly virus or bacterium into a weapon that can be effectively dispersed. A bomb carrying a biological agent would likely destroy the germ as it explodes. Dispersing the agents with aerosols is challenging because biomaterials are often wet and can clog sprayers. Most agree that, while a biological attack could be devastating in theory, in reality, the logistical challenges of developing effective agents and then dispersing them makes it less likely a terrorist could carry out a successful widespread assault. Radiological/Nuclear. Under extreme circumstances an accident or intentional explosion involving radiological materials can cause very serious problems. Consequences may include death, severe health risks to the public, damage to the environment, and an extraordinary loss of, or damage to, property. Explosive. While generally more limited in the extent of the damage inflicted, explosive terrorist attacks may have consequences including death and damage to property. Targets would include county fairs, music festivals, critical facilities, and sporting events. Active shooters: The increase of violent crimes throughout the nation has increased awareness within Riverside County. The possibility of an attack has increased. Though the threat to infrastructure is fairly limited this hazard could result in loss of life, injury, and economic disruption. Targets could include public events, government facilities, schools, and shopping centers.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 247 | Section 5Vehicle Ramming: This terrorist tactic has been increasing over the last five years. Riverside County has a very low history of this event but moderate probabilities of it happening again. This tactic is very hard to detect, and mitigation is extremely difficult to carry out. Riverside County Sheriff’s Department has increased their awareness of this terrorist style in an attempt to foil any attempted ramming incident. Extremists, especially in European countries have moved towards filling the vehicles with explosives to increase the number of fatalities in an attack. Though this approach has not yet made it to Riverside County, the potential threat has increased. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Terrorism may lead to a fire, destruction of property, disruption of power, injury to persons, and even loss of life. The potential to affect public safety response to other public safety calls. Risk Assessment Conclusion Riverside County has a large population within proximity of critical infrastructure. The effects can be far-reaching in terms of the number of buildings involved, the toll on human life, and the economic consequences.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 248 | Section 55.3.8 Communications Failure Severity: 3 Probability: 2 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Network Communications Failure ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition CoRNet The County of Riverside Network (CoRNet) provides Voice and Data communication for most County departments and facilities. CoRNet is a distributed design consisting of Regional Hub locations to which sites in each region have their point-to-point circuits connected. Each of these Hub locations is then connected to its adjacent Hub locations via high bandwidth circuits. Voice Services are built to be fully redundant, residing within 3 geographically diverse data centers: RC3, Regency Tower, and RUHS Main Campus. CoRNet has been providing transport for Voice, Video, and Data systems within the same network infrastructure since its redesign was completed in 2016. The global pandemic in 2019/2020 brought the need for business continuity via a remote workforce. The County architecture was scaled up significantly to support this need through Virtual Private Network (VPN) and Mobile Remote Access (MRA) solutions. The County has adopted a partially remote workforce in this post-pandemic era. A loss of Network connectivity would impact both Voice and Data. In the event of a communications failure and its location, the impact could range from a single department to geographical areas or possibly the entire County. Multiple hazards could result in a “Network” failure such as earthquakes, power outages, and other natural disasters.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 249 | Section 5Figure 23: Lumen Internet, ATT Hub Image Indio Hub Failure x Sites impacted
o All CoRNet directly connected Desert locations
x Services impacted
o All Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi services for this region.
Murrieta (SWJC) Hub Failure
x Sites impacted
o All CoRNet directly connected South County locations
x Services impacted
o All Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi services for this region.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 250 | Section 5Hemet Hub Failure x Sites impacted
o All CoRNet directly connected Hemet area County locations x Services impacted
o All Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi services for this region.
Riverside Hub Failure
x Sites impacted
o All Central Riverside locations (Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi) x Services impacted
o All Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi services directly connected to the Riverside hub PSECThe Riverside County Sheriff’s Department/Public Safety Enterprise Communications (RSO/PSEC) Division provides public safety communications for all participating City and County law enforcement, fire service, public works, and allied agencies in Riverside County. In January of 2014, PSEC replaced an aging countywide Enhanced Digital Access Communications System (EDACS) system with a Motorola 7.x APCO P25 Phase 2 high availability and Dynamic System Resilience voice radio system. PSEC provides and manages all aspects of Public Safety Radio Services for participating agencies which include almost all County agencies and the city police departments of Banning, Murrieta, Menifee, Riverside, and Corona. Beaumont, Blythe, Indio, Cathedral City, Indio, and Palm Springs are estimated to be on PSEC by end of 2023. Thirty plus full-time staff provide 24/7/365 Public Safety Communications for over 6,800 voice and data mobile users who operate over a 7,303 square mile area. The PSEC radio system provides all levels of government communications for the 2,189,641* residents of Riverside County including first responder dispatch for Law Enforcement 9-1-1 Dispatch Centers. The staff maintains:
x 78 radio and microwave remote sites x 77 PSEC radio Voice and Data transmitter Sites x 1 – Primary Motorola (M)- Core Site x 1 Motorola (M) Core Dynamic System Resilience (DSR) Site x 88 licensed Microwave Hops x Approximately 8500 Voice Users x 16 Dispatch Centers The PSEC Division of RCIT processed 30,045,205 Public Safety Transmissions for FY21/22 County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 251 | Section 5Figure 24: PSEC System Architecture County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 252 | Section 5Map 3: PSEC Sites and Microwave Interconnectivity across 7200 Square miles of Riverside County, CA System Redundancy A significant and material attribute of the System is how it performs during various failure conditions. The PSEC ASTRO 25 Radio System is designed with multiple levels of redundancy and the ability to provide continued communications should failures occur. Because the System can be a lifeline to County users and citizens, there is no tolerance for System failure. The System can withstand multiple failures and still provide fullfeatured trunked communications. At each remote site, dispatch location and Master site, components that have the potential to interrupt communications have been backed up with redundant components. The system is designed such that multiple component failures must occur before users will notice a degradation in performance (other than a brief period during the switch over to a redundant component). Master Sites There are two Master sites, one in Riverside on Alessandro Street and one in Blythe. In the event of a catastrophic failure of the Alessandro Master site, the Blythe Master site will take over operation of the entire system. In the event of a loss of microwave communications links between the east side and the west side of the county, the Blythe Master site can take over system operations in the east county, while Alessandro will continue to control the west county. In this scenario, dispatchers at Alessandro or Palm County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 253 | Section 5Desert would not be able to reach units operating on the east side of the county, nor would Blythe dispatchers be able to reach units operating in the west. History of Events CoRNet Riverside County has not experienced a large-scale Communication Failure with CoRNet. PSEC In early 2017 the PSEC radio system had a technical issue that led to the temporary disruption of 911 services in the Indio/Palm Springs area.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 254 | Section 5Risk Assessment Conclusion CoRNet As RCIT continues working toward redundancy in many areas (Data Center, MPLS, Redundant Internet Connections etc.), it is important to understand the scope of an outage depending on where it occurs on CoRNet under the current design. A single Hub failure would only impact the locations serviced through that Hub. Other hub locations would not be affected. PSEC The RSO/PSEC Division has developed hardened sites to maintain Public Safety twoway communications to support first responders during natural disasters and civil disturbance. All of the microwave and core sites are hardened with towers that are rated to either 85 or 120 mph wind, Seismic Zone 4, and are maintained by professionals dedicated to Public Safety Communications. The PSEC system is highly redundant with several layers of fault tolerance. There are multiple routing paths for routers, switches, trunked repeaters, overlapping coverage and core roaming services. Although individual sites may be affected by a major earthquake or another disaster, the PSEC system has been designed to offer a high level of operability overall. Restoration of downed infrastructure could take hours to a month(s) depending on the severity of the damage with the worst case being a loss of physical infrastructure. The PSEC system has already performed well in minor earthquakes and major fires. The system has also been highly available on a day-to-day basis. The probability of the system working to support first responders is high if the PSEC Division properly maintains the system and is funded to do so. The Core and Radio Network Interface (RNI) has intrusion detection and is isolated from the outside with multiple layers of firewalls to protected from Cyber Attacks. A comprehensive assessment by RCIT ISO and the manufacturer Motorola was performed when the PSEC radio system was deployed. RCIT ISO can be contacted to provide more details on how the RCIT network is protected. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 255 | Section 5Any loss of the RSO/PSEC Public Safety Voice system would affect first responder performance during emergencies of all types in Riverside County for Law, Fire, EMS and local government entities like Public Works.5.3.9 Flood Severity: 3 Probability: 3 Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Flooding
¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section 5 EMD 5.1.25 256 |
Map 24: Riverside County 100 Year Flood Plain Risks
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 257 | Section 5Hazard Definition A flood is defined as an overflowing of water onto an area of land that is normally dry. Floods generally occur from natural causes, usually weather-related, often in conjunction with a prolonged period of seasonal precipitation or with sudden and very heavy rain falls. Floods can, however, result from human causes as a dam impoundment bursting. Dam break floods are usually associated with intense rainfall or prolonged flood conditions. In the Riverside County area, a major earthquake could cause a dam failure. In a dam failure scenario, the greatest threat to life and property typically occurs in those areas located immediately below the dam since flood depths and discharges generally decrease as the flood wave moves downstream. Floods are generally classed as either slow-rise or flash floods. Slow-rise floods may be preceded by a warning time lasting from hours to days, or possibly weeks. Evacuation and sandbagging for a slow rise flood may lessen the flood-related damage. Conversely, flash floods are characterized by extremely short warning times. Hydrologic Regions Although Riverside County occasionally experiences periods of significant drought, the County can also experience periods of substantial rainfall. When Riverside County does experience heavy rain, or rain over a period of days or weeks, many areas of the County are subject to flooding. Runoff from rain drains either naturally into rivers, washes, and creeks or into flood control facilities. Flash flooding is also a common problem, especially in the Coachella Valley and the easterly portions of the county. Flash flooding is typically associated with short duration, high-intensity precipitation events often associated with summer thunderstorms. Such events can occur even during a drought. The topography of the County varies from mountainous areas several thousand feet above sea level to low desert areas that are below sea level. Riverside County falls within two distinct Natural Hydrologic Regions as described in the State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP): South Coast Region The South Coast hydrologic region extends north from the U.S. - Mexico border to the Tehachapi, San Bernardino, San Gabriel, and San Jacinto mountains. Nearly one-third of the area is coastal plain. This region contains major urban centers, including the counties of Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego. Much of the flooding is sudden and severe, resulting in massive slides, debris flows, and mudflows. The western portion of Riverside County falls within the South Coast Region and contains portions of the Santa Ana River, San Jacinto River, and Santa Margarita River watersheds.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 258 | Section 5Colorado River – Desert Region The dominant hydrologic features of this region are the Colorado River, which forms its eastern boundary, and the Salton Sea, which lies just shy of its western boundary. The region is marked by the San Bernardino and San Jacinto mountains. The region is also bounded by the U.S.- Mexico border to the south and the South Lahontan region to the north. This is generally a sparsely populated agricultural region that experiences sporadic flooding; however, the upper Coachella Valley has a much higher population density. Both common winter storm events and summertime monsoonal flows from Mexico’s Pacific Coast can spawn massive rainstorms, general flooding and flash floods. The Eastern portion of Riverside County falls within the Desert Region and contains portions of the Whitewater River and Colorado River watersheds. Characteristic Weather Patterns In Riverside County, various weather patterns are associated with flood events such as El Niño conditions, La Niña conditions, Summer Monsoons, and “Pineapple Express”. Floods that affect Riverside County can be attributed to three different types of storm events:
1. A general winter storm that combines high-intensity rainfall and a rapid melting of the mountain snowpack.
2. A tropical storm out of the southern Pacific Ocean. 3. A summer thunderstorm, particularly in the desert areas.
There are three principal types of flood hazards:
1. Stream flooding (including bridge scour and stream erosion) 2. Flash flooding (including debris and mud flows) 3. Sheet flow flooding (including alluvial fan flooding) The major rivers in the South Coast hydrologic region of Riverside County are dry most of the year and pose flood threats to developments within the floodplain during general storms of long duration. When a major storm moves into the area, the excess precipitation becomes surface runoff. Resultant flood flows have predominantly short durations and sharp peaks. Increased urbanization increases flood potential by increasing the percentage of impervious surfaces. In the Desert hydrologic region, high-intensity rainfall from the period of July to August can produce severe flash flooding. Winter rains are generally more widespread in the desert County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 259 | Section 5and flash flood potential is less due to the lower intensity of rainfall. Winter rains are nonetheless capable of producing flooding but are somewhat more predictable. There is a severe danger to motorists who may attempt to drive through flooded washes which are typically dry. Storms with high volumes of precipitation in a short period of time have occurred in the County causing flash floods, contaminated drinking water, disrupted electrical service, and damaged homes and contents. In addition, land that has been denuded of foliage and trees due to fire or human activity has experienced serious erosion from the rainfall. Excessive precipitation can inundate soil in slopes causing mudslides and landslides. These events can destroy homes, block highways, and destroy power lines. The County is vulnerable to this type of flood damage. Heavy storms also can strand individuals playing near or crossing streams, rivers, flood control channels and intersections. Riverside County has several major river systems, f, and reservoirs. Excessive rainfall can stress these systems causing serious damage to property and potential loss of life. Rivers can overflow their banks, destroying bridges and washing out roads and highways during major flood events. Dam failure is discussed in a separate section of this LHMP on that specific hazard.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 260 | Section 5History of previous occurrences: Table 33: Riverside County Flood History Location Date of Incident Reported Damage Number Injured Incident Description Riverside County 1/17/1993 $12,629,191 0 Flooding
Idyllwild 3/5/1995 $1,000,000 Not Avail.
Flooding caused by rains. 3,000 acres of farmland flooded. Portions of Highway 74 washed away Mecca 3/6/1995 $1,000,000 2 Flooding caused by rains.
Riverside County 2/6/1998 12,629,191 0 El Nino storms flooding, debris, road damage water damage to homes Cherry Valley,
Calimesa, YucaipaOak Glen
Conservation Camp,
Banning
7/11-12/1999 $750,000 3 Flash flood. Camp and property damaged.
Desert Hot
3/5/2000 $300,000 1 Flooding caused by rain and snow Springs Moreno Valley 3/7/2000 $1,500,000 Not Avail. Flooding caused by rain. Mudslides. Homes and property destroyed.
Eastern Riverside
8/29/2000 Not Avail. 0 Flash flood due to severe thunderstorm, hail, heavy rain. County Eastern Riverside
7/6/2001 $3,383,000 0 Flash flood. Road damage, farmland damage, crop damage. County County Areas &
Riverside City 11/24/2001 Not Avail. Not Avail. Flood channel blocked. Homes flooded.
Moreno Valley,
Cathedral City 8/18/2003 $500,000 Not Avail. Flash flood Government buildings flooded Anza, Banning 9/4/2003 $150,000 Not Avail. Flash flood.
Corona, Palm
11/12/2003 $10,000 0 Flash flood. Springs
Mira Loma, Moreno
Valley 2/2/2004 $10,000 Not Avail. Flash flood.
Temecula,
Riverside, Mira
Loma
2/18/2004 $55,000 Not Avail. Flash flood.
Mira Loma,
10/20/2004 $500,000 0 Flash flood. Moreno Valley,
Perris, Sun City,
Lake Elsinore
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 261 | Section 5 Riverside County
FEMA DR -1577 12/27/2004 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides Riverside County
FEMA DR -1585 2/16/2005 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides Riverside County
FEMA DR -1884 3/8/2010 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides Riverside County
FEMA DR -1952 12/17/2010 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides Hemet, Coachella
Valley and
Thousand Palms
9/7-8/2014 Not Avail Not Avail
Flash flooding in Coachella Valley. Mud
and water closed roads and stranded
vehicles in La Quinta, Palm Desert, and
Thousand Palms. Homes in La Quinta
were surrounded by water. Moving water
was 3 feet deep on roads and 4 to 5 feet of
standing water submerged vehicles.
Throughout County 12/3-4/2014 Not Avail 1
Flooding resulted, with mud, debris and
water closing several roadways and
stranding vehicles. Mud with debris 10 feet
high piled up on Soboba Rd. north of San
Jacinto. A swift water rescue was needed.
Throughout County 7/19/2015 Not Avail 1
Flooding in the county lead to the need for
a swift water rescue, the washout of
Interstate-10 near Desert Center, and
neighborhood in and near Moreno Valley
flooded causing damage to resident’s
homes and property.
Menifee 9/8/2015 Not Avail Not Avail Flooding
Temecula 1/5-7/2016 Not Avail Not Avail Flooding
Throughout County 2/27/2017 Not Avail 1
Flooding resulted from the storm. A swift
water rescue was needed in Temecula.
Heavy road damage disrupted traffic.
Throughout County 2/14/2019 $8,353,800 1
Flooding resulted from storm event. 30
water rescues in western Riverside County
and Coachella Valley. Significant road
damage and public infrastructure damage.
Source: https://www.weather.gov/media/sgx/documents/weatherhistory.pdf http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/storm_summaries/dec2010storms.php http://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/wsp.2499.sumca0193.html http://www.floodcontrol.co.riverside.ca.us/Downloads/AnnualReports/DistrictAnnualReport15-16.pdf County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 262 | Section 5Flood Hazard Mapping For floodplain management purposes, the following discussion describes the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) definition of “100-year flood.” The term "100- year flood" is misleading. It is not a flood that will occur once every 100 years. Rather, the flood elevation has a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded each year. Thus, a 100-year flood could occur more than once in a relatively short period of time. The one percent chance flood is used by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) as the minimum standard for floodplain management regulation and, in most cases, triggers the need for mandatory flood insurance coverage. A structure located within a FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area has a 26 percent chance of suffering flood damage during the term of a 30-year mortgage. Riverside County utilizes several sources to determine local flood hazards: FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps, DWR Awareness Maps, and local flood zone delineation maps as identified in Riverside County Ordinance 458 (last updated January 25, 2022). For floodplain management purposes, the County regulates unincorporated development within each of the above-mentioned maps. Each of the incorporated Cities administers its own floodplain management program and may or may not utilize floodplain information beyond that provided by FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Riverside County residents who live in FEMA mapped floodplains that have a federally backed mortgage loan are required to pay flood insurance. The Riverside County Flood Control District has been working towards getting a premium rate discount for these residents by participating in the Community Rating System (CRS). Currently, unincorporated Riverside County residents receive a 20 percent discount on their flood insurance premiums. Participating in the CRS Program has multiple secondary benefits, such as enhanced public safety, a reduction in damage to property and public infrastructure, avoidance of economic disruption and losses, reduction of human suffering, and protection of the environment. Through the CRS, a community can evaluate the effectiveness of its flood program against a nationally recognized benchmark. Implementing CRS activities, such as floodplain management, help a community qualify for federal assistance programs. Probability of Future Occurrences: As noted, as the beginning of this hazard profile, Flood probability was ranked as a 3, meaning it is a semi-frequent rating of occurrence. Looking at the history of flooding incidents, Riverside County has had at least one flood incident nearly every three years. This ongoing historical trend is likely to continue to occur.
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 263 | Section 5FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Mapping FEMA updated the Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMS) effective range from August 28, 2008, to March 3, 2022, depending on when jurisdictions requested maps to be updated. The DFIRMS are available for public viewing from FEMA’s website:Source: http://msc.fema.gov/portal/advanceSearch#searchresultsanchor Map 4: FEMA FIRM Map 2022 – West CountySource: http://msc.fema.gov/portal/advanceSearch#searchresultsanchor County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 264 | Section 5Map 26: FEMA FIRM Map 2022 – East County Source: http://msc.fema.gov/portal/advanceSearch#searchresultsanchor County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 265 | Section 5Table 34: FIRM Flood Zones Table 34: FIRM Flood Zones Zone Description
A Area with a 1 percent annual chance of flooding. No depths or Base Flood Elevations (BFEs) are shown.
AE Base floodplain where BFEs are provided. AE Zones are now used on digital FIRMs instead of A1 - A30 Zones.
A1 through 30 Known as numbered A Zones, these are the base floodplains in the old FIRM format where a BFE is shown.
AH Area with a 1 percent annual chance of shallow flooding with an average depth ranging from 1 to 3 feet. BFEs are shown at selected intervals.
AO River or stream flood hazard area, or area with a 1 percent or greater chance of shallow flooding each year, usually in the form of sheet flow with an average depth ranging from 1 to 3 feet. Average flood depths derived from detailed analyses are shown.
AR Area with a temporarily increased flood risk due to the building or restoration of a flood control system (such as a levee or a dam).
A99 Area with a 1 percent annual chance of flooding protected by a federal flood control system where construction has reached specified legal requirements. No depths or BFEs are shown.
V Coastal area with a 1 percent or greater chance of flooding and an additional hazard associated with storm waves. No BFEs are shown within these zones.
VE or V1
through 30
Coastal area with a 1 percent or greater chance of flooding and an additional hazard associated with storm waves. BFEs are shown at selected intervals.
B, C, X Zones considered having moderate to low risk of flooding, although flood insurance is available to property owners and renters in communities that participate in the NFIP.
D Area with possible but undetermined flood hazards, where no flood hazard analysis has been conducted.
FEMA also conducted a Flood Insurance Study and determined that the following areas have the potential to flood.
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 266 | Section 5Table 35: Flood Insurance Study Areas Water Source Studied Water Source Studied Water Source Studied Acacia Creek Drain Lincoln Avenue Drain Sheet Flow along Ocotillo Road Alessandro Wash Little Morongo Wash Smith Creek All American Canal Long Canyon Wash Smith Creek West Tributary Arlington Canal Macomber Palms Channel South Norco Arenas Canyon Creek Magnesia Falls Road South Norco Tributary A Arenas Canyon Creek Tributary Magnesia Springs Channel South Norco Tributary B Arroyo Del Toro Main Street Drain Spring Brook Bear Creek Mangular Channel Spring Brook Wash Beaumont Channel Marshall Creek Stetson Ave Channel Bedford Canyon Wash McVicker Canyon Wash Stovepipe Canyon Creek Big Morongo Wash Metz Road Basin Stream A (Vicinity of Desert Hit Springs) Biskra Palms Channel Mirage Indian Trail Wash Sun City Channel A-A Blind Canyon Channel Mission Creek Sun City Channel C-C Bly Channel Mockingbird Canyon Wash Sun City Channel H-H Box Springs Wash Montgomery Creek Sun City Channel X-X Calimesa Channel Mountain Avenue Wash Sun City Southeast Tributary Carrizo Alluvial Fan Murrieta Creek Sunny Slope Channel Channel B North Cathedral Channel Sunnymead Storm Channel Channel C North Norco Channel Tahquitz Creek Channel H North Norco Channel Tributary A Taylor Avenue Drain Cherry Avenue Channel North Norco Channel Tributary B Temecula Creek Chino Canyon Creek North Norco Channel Tributary C Temescal Wash Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel North Palm Springs Wash Tequesquite Arroyo County Club Creek and North Tributary North Side Wolf Valley Creek The Veldt Day Creek Santa Ana River Oak Street Channel Third Street Basin Dead Indian Alluvial Fan Ocotillo Drive Wash Thousand Palms Canyon Wash Deep Canyon Alluvial Fan Orange Lateral Thousand Palms Main Channel Deep Canyon Storm Water Channel Ortega Wash Thousand Palms Tributary A Desert Hot Springs Channel Ortega Channel Thousand Palms Tributary B Dunes View Road Channel Palm Canyon Wash Thousand Palms Tributary C Dry Morongo Wash Palm Valley Drain Thunderbird Wash East Cathedral Channel Paloma Valley Channel Tramview Wash East Gilman Home Channel Park Hill Drain Tramview Wash Tributary East Rancho Mirage Storm Channel Pechanga Creek University Wash Edgemont A Perris Valley Storm Drain Warm Spring Creek Edgemont B Pigeon Pass Channel Wash G El Cerrito Channel Prenda Wash Wash I Elsinore Spillway Channel Pushwalla Canyon Wash Wasson Canyon Creek Garden Air Gold Course Wash Pyrite Wash West Cathedral Channel Gilman Home Channel Rache Channel West Norco Channel Harrison Wash Ramsey Street Drain West Pershing Channel Hemet Storm Channel Rice Canyon Wash Whitewater River Highland Springs Channel Salt Creek Whitewater River (C.V.S.C) Interstate-10 Wash Salt Creek Tributary Whittier Avenue Channel Kalmia Street Wash Salt Creek Overflow Woodcrest Wash Lake Elsinore San Gorgonio River Unnamed Stream A Lakeland Village Channel San Jacinto River Unnamed Stream B Lakeview Wash San Jacinto Lateral Unnamed Street C Leach Canyon Channel San Sevaine Channel 1001 Ranch Drain Lime Street Channel Santa Ava River 1001 Ranch Drain West Tributary County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 267 | Section 5DWR Awareness Floodplain Mapping The intent of the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Awareness Floodplain Mapping project was to identify all pertinent flood hazard areas by 2015 for areas that are not mapped under the FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and to provide the community and residents an additional tool in understanding potential flood hazards currently not mapped as a regulated floodplain. The awareness maps identify the 100-year flood hazard areas using approximate assessment procedures. These floodplains are shown as flood-prone areas without specific depths and other flood hazard data. Awareness Floodplain Maps were incorporated into County Ordinance 458 in 2008. The maps that were originally adopted are available on the DWR website. DWR will not be modifying these maps since it was a one-time project. As development occurs and the floodplains change due to channelization, the floodplain limits of the Awareness floodplains are being updated by Riverside County Flood Control (RCFC) and will be reflected on the RCFC interactive maps found at:
https://content.rcflood.org/floodplainmap/
California Department of Water Resources Awareness Floodplain Maps can be found at https://gis.bam.water.ca.gov/bam/ County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section 5 EMD 5.1.25 268 |
Map 5: FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map
Map Current as of December 2022
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section 5 EMD 5.1.25 269 |
Map 28: DWR Awareness Floodplain Map
Map Current as of December 2022
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section 5 EMD 5.1.25 270 |
Map 6: Local Studies Floodplain Map
Map Current as of December 2022
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 271 | Section 5Leveraging Technology As technology progresses, Riverside County Flood Control continues to utilize this growing field to help better assist during large storm events that threaten the community. A few items that we have implemented and continue to implement is the use of gate automation and telemetry for our dams and outlet structures. This data provides real time information about storage and ponding volume behind our dams. We can also manage flow from our outlet structure to prevent inundation to the downstream system. Additionally, the District has installed high resolution cameras that operate with solar power to remotely monitor high debris yielding watersheds. Another area of technology Riverside County Flood Control continues to take advantage of is the use of aerial mapping via drones to quickly produce burn scar topographic mapping within days of a fire containment. This mapping is vital when calculating theoretical debris yields from a burn scar. Additionally, we can use topographic mapping to identify structures that could be susceptible to debris flows. Risk Assessment As stated in the State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, Riverside County has 34 state-proclaimed flood emergencies and 15 federally declared flood disasters 27 declared flood disasters from the period of 1950 – December 2018. The State’s plan also shows Riverside County has a population of 295,081 living within FIRM-Designated Floodplains (based on 2000 Census Data). According to the 2020 Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Unincorporated Area of Riverside County Report, the number of residents living in the unincorporated area has increased to 385,386. Source: https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/unincorporated-riversidecounty-he-0421.pdf?1620756635In 2017 HAZUS was used to generate general building stock and essential facility loss estimates for three different floods in the County – a 1 percent annual chance flood event (100-year flood) with the existing certified levee system in the County intact, a 1 percent annual chance flood event without consideration of these levees, and a 500-year (0.2% chance per year) flood. Flood hazard data from DFIRM maps available at FEMA’s Map Service Center were used to develop the flood scenarios. During the 2023 update, the MJLHMP Planning team did not have the capability to run additional scenarios through HAZUS or leverage the FEMA HAZUS library to further assess alternative scenario impacts. Upon review of the existing scenarios, the team County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 272 | Section 5determined to keep the established scenarios in this plan to understand and re-assess the current impacts flooring may present as it is the most recent and comprehensive scenario available to the planning team. Additionally, alternative resources were utilized to further understand the impacts from major flooding. Resources used included:
x The FEMA National Risk Index website x The Riverside County General Plan Safety Element x Inland Southern California Climate Collaborative x Riverside County Flood Control Department Representatives.
Table 36: Summary of HAZUS – Estimated Impacts on Riverside County for Three Flood Scenarios Impact Category 100-Year 100-Year w/o Levee 500-Year
Economic Loss due to
Building Damage, Total
Building-related Direct
$0.81 B
$1.7 B
$2.3 B$4.9 B
$3.6 B$7.8 B
# Buildings in Complete
Damage State 1,356 3,655 6,262
Debris Generated
(Million tons) 0.20 0.50 0.78
Displaced Households,
People Needing
Short- term Shelter
16,896 41,846
79,078
223,787
125,887 357,092
# Highway Bridges with at
least Moderate Damage
(potentially closed)
0 (of 4 damaged) 0 (of 4 damaged) 0 (of 4 damaged)
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 273 | Section 5Table 37: Summary of HAZUS – Estimated Impacts for Riverside County Essential Facilities in Three Flood Scenarios Essential
Facility
Category 100-Year 100-Year w/o Levee 500-Year
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Hospitals* Medium 0 $0 540 $0 540 $0
Large 0 $0 540 $0 360-540 $0
Schools K-12 (default data) 480 $115 480 $865 480 $2,232 K-12 (providing data) 360-720 $12,482 360-720 $38,838 360-720 $66,911 CCD (providing data) 0 $0 360-480 $6,285 360-480 $6,285 EOCs 0 $0 480 $560 360-480 $5,113
Police
Stations
480 $0 360-480 $0 360-480 $796
Fire Stations 480 $692 360-480 $692 360-630 $1,994
TOTALS 360-720 $13,289 360-720 $47,240 360-720 $83,331
*Note: In Riverside County, there are no hospitals which would be categorized by HAZUS as “Small” (<50 licensed acute care beds) Vulnerability Assessment:
x Effects on People and Housing: Of the approximately 647,000 buildings modeled within the general building stock for Riverside County, about 1 percent (6,262) are expected to suffer “complete” damage in the 0.2 percent annual chance flood event (500-year flood) scenario. These building would be considered “redtagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy. About 94 percent of the 6,262 buildings are manufactured housing (i.e., mobile homes). Approximately 43,000 buildings (6.6%) are expected to suffer more than 20 percent damage or more while about 18,000 buildings are estimated to suffer flood damage of less than 20 percent. As much as 0.78 million tons of debris may result from these damaged County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 274 | Section 5 buildings – 21 percent is expected to be heavy debris (concrete and steel), requiring heavy equipment to break down and remove, while 79 percent is expected to be light debris (wood, brick, drywall and other debris). Damage to single family and multi-family dwellings is expected to result in the displacement of almost 126,000 households. While many of the displaced may find shelter with friends and family, or in available hotels, as many as 357,000 people are expected to seek short-term public shelter. This large number of people would likely overwhelm the emergency sheltering capacity of the county. The displaced populace should be able to move to safe locations without too much difficulty. While four (4) bridges in the county’s transportation system are expected to suffer minor flood damage, the bridges are expected to remain functional. Extended impacts as described in the scenarios presented could negatively impact the public’s confidence in the OA’s governance during and after a major incident. x Essential Facility Impacts: Table 36 provides an overview of essential facility performance in the 0.2 percent annual chance flood event (500-year flood) with levees scenario. The table lists the number of essential facility sites and buildings (these numbers will differ for multi-building campuses, such as schools and hospitals). The table also provides the total building replacement value, and the number of buildings for which value data was available. As can be seen in the table, replacement cost data for hospitals was generally not available, unlike most other essential facility types. Expected building damage in this flooding event ranges from 0 percent damage for numerous essential facility types with some, but minimal, flooding, to as much as 7.1 percent mean damage for one school district. The total economic loss for essential facilities has been estimated to reach about $83 million, almost 91 percent of which ($75 million) will occur in schools and about 6 percent of which will occur in EOCs ($5.1 million). It should be noted that no hospital losses were estimated since all hospitals impacted by this flooding scenario did not provide replacement value data. (The full economic impact on hospitals can’t be estimated at this time because of the lack of comprehensive replacement value data).
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 275 | Section 5Table 38: Riverside County Essential Facilities Loss Estimates – 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario Essential
Facility Category
No. of
Facilitie
s/Sites
No. of
Buildings
No. of
Beds
Replacement
Cost ($1,000)
# Buildings
w/
replacement
# NonFunctional
Buildings
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Hospitals*
Medium 8 28 793 $162,827 21 0 540 $0
Large 8 49 2,467 $200,792 10 0 360-540 $0
Schools
K-12
(default
data)
152 152 $219,600 152 31 480 $2,232
K-12
(providing
data)
689 9,981 $6,049,534 9,213 1,111 360-720 $66,911
CCD
(providing
data)
12 258 $356,708 257 92 360-480 $6,285
EOCs 43 43 $310,273 43 4 360-480 $5,113
Police
Stations 51 51 $675,299 48 2 360-480 $796
Fire
Stations 156 156 $366,493 156 8 360-630 $1,994
TOTALS 1,119 10,718 3,260 $8,341,525 9,900 1,248 360-720 $83,331 Note: In Riverside County, there are no hospitals which would be categorized by HAZUS as “Small” (<50 licensed acute care beds) County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 276 | Section 5Table 39: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County Fire Stations in a 1 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario Agency
Number of
Buildings
Cost Replacement
($1,000)
# Buildings w/
cost eplacement
r
data
No. NonFunctional
Buildings
Time Restoration
(Days)
Building Mean
Damage
ss Economic Lo
($1,000)
Cathedral City FD 3 $10,500 3 0 360-480 0.0% $0
Corona FD 7 $23,170 7 2 480 7.0% $385
Hemet FD 5 $15,360 5 1 480-630 6.2% $604
Murrieta FD 4 $9,530 4 0 0 0.0% $0
Norco FD 2 $4,750 2 0 480 0.0% $0
Palm Springs FD 5 $6,115 5 0 360-480 0.0% $0
Pechanga FD 2 $5,430 2 0 0 0.0% $0
Riverside County FD 95 $249,411 95 3 360-480 1.0% $740
Riverside FD 17 $11,875 17 1 480 4.5% $60
Other Agencies 4 $10,600 4 0 0 0.0% $0
USFS 12 $19,752 12 1 480 4.4% $205
TOTALS 156 $366,493 156 8 360-630 2.9% $1,994
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 277 | Section 5Table 40: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County EOCs in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood (Levees Intact) Scenario County
No. of
Buildings
Replacement
Cost ($1,000)
No. NonFunctional
Buildings
Restoration
Time (Days)
Mean
Damage
Economic Loss
($1,000)
Riverside 43 $310,273 4 360-480 1.7% $5,113
Table 41: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County Police Facilities in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood (Levees Intact) Scenario Agency
Number of
Buildings
Replacement
Cost ($1,000)
# NonFunctional
Buildings
Time to
Restore (Days)
Mean
Damage
Economic
Loss ($1,000)
Riverside County
Sheriff 30 $491,973 2 360-480 1.2% $796
Other
Agencies
21 $183,326 0 360-480 0.0% $0
TOTALS 51 $675,299 2 360-480 0.2% $796
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 278 | Section 5Table 42: Estimated Impacts on Riverside School Districts in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario Category District Name
Number of
Facilities/ Sites*
No. of Buildings
Cost Replacement
($1,000)
# Buildings w/
replacement cost
data
ional # Non-Funct
Buildings
Restoration Time
(Days)
Mean Damage
Economic Loss
($1,000)
K-12 (default data) 151 152 $219,600 152 31 480 5.2% $2,232 K-12 (providing data)
Alvord USD 26 525 $274,026 525 8 360-480 1.4% $583
Banning USD 11 186 $92,169 180 30 360-480 2.7% $892
Beaumont USD 20 209 $179,231 208 36 360-480 4.7% $6,424 Coachella Valley USD 30 707 $271,777 691 128 360-480 2.3% $4,392 Corona-Norco USD 49 855 $718,384 855 128 360-480 2.0% $6,792 Desert Center USD 2 25 $13,438 25 0 0 0.0% $0
Desert Sands USD 33 681 $519,732 655 212 360-480 2.0% $16,475 Hemet USD 29 621 $294,809 620 81 360-480 2.0% $5,681
Jurupa USD 29 547 $285,015 547 8 360-480 1.3% $330
Lake Elsinore USD 29 539 $0 0 116 360-720 7.1% $0
Menifee Union SD 13 213 $116,628 211 0 0 0.0% $0
Moreno Valley USD 36 639 $361,250 639 31 480 6.0% $1,451 Murrieta Valley USD 18 470 $299,250 470 0 0 0.0% $0
Nuview Union SD 5 79 $38,186 79 7 360-480 1.2% $901
Palm Springs USD 31 493 $414,806 492 150 360-360 3.3% $7,922 Palo Verde USD 9 121 $83,907 121 0 0 0.0% $0
Perris SD 12 175 $98,885 174 13 360-480 3.1% $1,315
Perris Union High SD 13 226 $202,431 221 12 360-480 2.6% $5,405 Riverside Co Office of 167 326 $149,923 159 66 360-480 4.4% $2,013 Riverside USD 47 1,015 $497,272 1,015 22 360-480 1.8% $941 Romoland SD 5 63 $46,793 63 0 0 0.0% $0
San Jacinto USD 16 213 $130,375 213 62 360-480 1.6% $5,380 San Jacinto Valley 1 13 $1,105 13 1 360-480 0.4% $14
Temecula Valley USD 32 643 $548,085 642 0 0 0.0% $0
Val Verde USD 25 386 $388,179 384 0 0 0.0% $0
Yucaipa-Calimesa 1 11 $23,878 11 0 0 0.0% $0
CCD (providing
data)
Desert CCD 1 75 $84,687 74 62 360-480 4.1% $4,130
Mt. San Jacinto CCD 2 73 $96,439 73 30 360-480 4.5% $2,155 Palo Verde CCD 5 12 $37,440 12 0 0 0.0% $0
Riverside CCD 4 98 $138,142 98 0 0 0.0% $0
TOTALS 852 10,39 $6,625,842 9,622 1,234 360-720 3.3% $75,428 County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 279 | Section 5Table 43: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County Hospitals in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario Hospital
Size20
Supervisorial
District
Sites ital No. of Hosp
Number of
Buildings
Number of
Beds Licensed
Cost ent Replacem
($1,000)
w/ No. Buildings
replacement cost
data
# Non-Functional
Buildings
ime Restoration T
(Days)
mage Mean Da
Economic Loss
($1,000)
Medium
1st
1 7 122 $36,575 7 0 0 0.0% $0
Large 2 5 406 $0 0 0 360-540 0.0% $0
Medium
2nd
0 Large 2 8 533 $0 0 0 0 0.0% $0
Medium
3rd
3 5 297 $98,000 5 0 540 0.0% $0
Large 1 10 433 $200,792 10 0 0 0.0% $0
Medium
4th
2 11 196 $7,474 5 0 540 0.0% $0
Large 2 25 656 $0 0 0 540 0.0% $0
Medium
5th
2 5 178 $20,778 4 0 0 0.0% $0
Large 1 1 439 $0 0 0 0 0.0% $0
TOTALS 16 77 3,260 $363,619 31 0 360-540 0.0% $0
Note: In Riverside County, there are no hospitals which would be categorized by HAZUS as “Small” (<50 Licensed acute care beds) Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 280 | Section5 x Effects on Infrastructure: A slow-rising flood situation will progress through a series of stages, beginning with minor rainfall and evolving to a major event such as substantial flooding. Once flooding begins, personnel will be needed to assist in rescuing persons trapped by floodwaters, securing utilities, cordoning off flood areas, and controlling traffic. These actions may overtax local agencies, and additional personnel and resources may be required. It is anticipated that existing mutual aid resources would be used as necessary to augment local resources. Many essential public and quasi-public facilities and hazardous materials sites are located within the 100- or 500-year flood zones of Riverside County. As of the writing of the Safety Element of the County’s General Plan, these included 14 of the County's 39 airports; 4 of 18 hospitals; 47 of 109 police stations, fire stations, and emergency operation centers; 92 of 380 schools; 446 of 1,306 highway bridges; and 695 of 1,978 hazardous materials sites. x Effects on Agriculture & the Environment: As the historical events in Riverside County show, effects on agriculture can be devastating. Flooding can damage crops, livestock, and dairy stock. In addition to the obvious impacts on animals and crops, flooding can have deleterious effects on soil and the ability to reinvigorate the agricultural activities affected once the flood waters recede. The environment and its fauna could be washed away if residing within the listed scenarios. The return of the ecosystems that inhabit those areas would take months to years to return to pre-disaster levels. x Climate Change and Flooding: Floods are among the most damaging natural hazards in unincorporated Riverside County, and climate change is expected to make flood events worse. Although climate change may not change average precipitation levels significantly, scientists expect that it will cause more years with extreme precipitation events. This means that more years are likely to see particularly intense storm systems that drop enough precipitation over a short enough period to cause flooding. Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts that cause soil to dry out and become hard. When precipitation does return, more water runs off the surface rather than being absorbed into the ground, which can lead to floods. Some recent studies indicate that atmospheric rivers may strengthen as a result of climate change. This is expected to lead to an increase in the number of storms caused by atmospheric rivers (Dettinger 2018; Gershon et al. 2013). Additionally, there is some indication that the most powerful Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 281 | Section5 atmospheric river storms will increase in intensity (Dettinger, Das, and Cayan, n.d.). x Source:
https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf x Source 2: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-RiversideAdaptation-and-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-Assessment Risk Assessment Conclusion Flooding due to heavy precipitation or dam failure is a potential hazard in Riverside County, with the resultant possibilities for damage to property and loss of life. Severe flooding can be particularly costly. In a relative sense, flooding due to precipitation does not present the degree of danger posed by other hazards such as major earthquakes. If there is flooding due to dam failure, the danger could be cataclysmic. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Fire can breakout because of dysfunctional electrical goods. Hazardous materials can also get into floodways, causing health concerns and polluted water supplies.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 282 | Section55.3.10 Civil Disorder Severity: 3 Probability: 2 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Civil Disorder ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County
Hazard Definition Civil disorder or unrest is usually triggered by dramatic political or social events. Every major metropolitan area in California has experienced and is at risk for, civil disorder. The most significant civil unrest incident in the State was the 1992 Los Angeles Civil Disturbance that resulted in 53 deaths, over 2,300 injuries and over $800 million in damages. This event also precipitated simultaneous, but smaller, incidents throughout California and the country. Civil disorder is an incident intended to disrupt community affairs and threaten the public safety. Civil disorder includes riots, mob violence, and any unlawful demonstration resulting in police intervention and arrests. Civil Unrest is generally associated with controversial political, judicial, and/or economic issues and events. History Riverside County is not a place where there has been a lot of historic civil disturbance events of noticeable magnitude. There are locations within Riverside County where large public gatherings take place. These locations have the potential for unstable conditions, possibly affecting the ability of a jurisdiction in the County to provide sufficient law enforcement and fire protective services. History of Significant Events:
June 1-20, 2020 – George Floyd Protest-protest against police brutality July 2020 – Roe v Wade protest 2017- Protest President Trump and rally for Woman’s Rights2016- Protest Donald Trump at UC Riverside and rallies supporting Donald Trump in Temecula Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 283 | Section52012 – Rallies against violent crimes at the Riverside Public Library and Union Strikes at Riverside County.
2011 – Protests 2004 - A demonstration at county administrative buildings that were part of a nationwide protest sponsored by the American Family Rights Association.
Risk Assessment During a Civil Unrest incident that affects Riverside County, there are certain critical facilities within the County that may be more at risk than others. These critical facilities include venues for musical concerts and sporting events, facilities where legal and illegal demonstrations are held, and any other facilities with events that attract large numbers of people. All of these situations create significant traffic congestion and the potential for disruptive behavior. x Effects on people and housing. The effects of a Civil Unrest are varied and usually based on the type, severity, scope, and duration of the disturbance. Effects may include illegal assemblies, injuries, and even loss of life. x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Effects may include traffic congestion or gridlock, illegal assemblies, disruption of utility service, and property damage. x Effects on infrastructure. Effects may include traffic congestion or gridlock, disruption of utility service, and property damage.
x Effects on agriculture. Effects may include traffic congestion or gridlock, disruption of goods transportation services, and property damage.
Risk Assessment Conclusion The overall risk of civil unrest in Riverside County is low, however, this is based on the political community environment which can change drastically due to significant social or political events occurring worldwide. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Civil Unrest may lead to a fire, destruction of property, disruption of power, injury to persons, and even loss of life. The potential to affect public safety response to other public safety calls.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 284 | Section55.3.11 Drought Severity: 3 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Drought ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition A drought is a long period of extremely dry weather when there is not enough rain for the successful growing of crops or the replenishment of water supplies. Drought is a gradual phenomenon. Normally, one dry year does not constitute a drought in California but rather serves as a reminder of the need to plan for droughts. California's extensive system of water supply infrastructure (reservoirs, groundwater basins, and interregional conveyance facilities) generally mitigates the effects of short-term dry periods for most water users. Drought can have secondary impacts. For example, drought is a major determinant of wildfire hazard, in that it creates greater propensity for fire starts and larger, more prolonged conflagrations fueled by excessively dry vegetation, along with reduced water supply for firefighting purposes. Drought is also an economic hazard. Significant economic impacts on California’s agriculture industry can occur as a result of short- and long-term drought conditions; these include hardships to farmers, farm workers, packers, and shippers of agricultural products. In some cases, droughts can also cause significant increases in food prices to the consumer due to shortages. Past experience with California droughts tells us that drought impacts are felt first by those most dependent on or affected by annual rainfall – agencies fighting forest fires, ranchers engaged in dryland grazing, rural residents relying on wells in low yield rock formations, or small water systems lacking a reliable water source. The driest single year in California's measured hydrologic history is 1977. 1977 was characterized as a "year with no water," but 2020-2021 was a "hotter year with no water," because of the combination of low precipitation with extremely high temperatures.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 285 | Section5California Water Resources noted that the dry year is part of a larger California drought trend that has spanned the past three years. In May 2021, Governor Gavin Newsom expanded the state's drought emergency to cover 30 percent of the population, citing extreme "water shortages." Climate scientists studying California weather patterns find that drought conditions are likely to become more frequent and persistent over the 21st century due to climate change. The experiences of California during recent years underscore the need to examine more closely the state’s water storage, distribution, management, conservation, and use policies. California Water Conservation Efforts as of 2022: In April 2021, Governor Newsom signed an emergency proclamation directing state agencies to take immediate action to bolster drought resilience across the state and declaring a State of Emergency in several counties due to severe drought conditions. In October 2021, following the second driest year on record and with near record low storage in California’s largest reservoirs, Governor Gavin Newsom issued a proclamation extending the drought emergency statewide and further urging Californians to step up their water conservation efforts as the western U.S. faces a potential third dry year. The proclamation requires local water suppliers to implement water shortage contingency plans that are responsive to local conditions and prepare for the possibility of a third dry year. An executive order was signed in March 2022, the Governor ordered the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) to evaluate the adoption of regulations banning irrigation of “non-functional” turf (or grass), such as decorative grass adjacent to large industrial and commercial buildings. The ban would not include residential lawns or grass used for recreation, such as school fields, sports fields, and parks. The Department of Water Resources estimates this ban alone will result in potential water savings of several hundred thousand acre-feet. An acre-foot of water serves the needs of approximately three households for a year. To further conserve water and strengthen drought resiliency, Governor Newsom is encouraging suppliers, where appropriate, to consider going above and beyond the Level 2 of their water shortage contingency plans, activating more ambitious measures. The Governor has also ordered state agencies to submit funding proposals to support the state’s short- and long-term drought response, including emergency assistance to communities and households facing drought-related water shortages, facilitating groundwater recharge and wastewater recycling, improvements in water use efficiency, protecting fish and wildlife, and minimizing drought-related economic disruption. Five levels of drought response are identified. These range from Level 1, representing an: Abnormally Dry period (calling for raising awareness), to Level 3, a Severe Drought (requiring mandatory conservation in some communities and emergency Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 286 | Section5actions), to Level 5, an Exceptional Drought (water supplies may be cut off and maximum response). A Governor’s emergency drought proclamation may be initiated at Level 3.Drought can be defined according to meteorological, hydrological, or agricultural criteria. Meteorological drought is usually based on long-term precipitation departures from normal, but there is no consensus regarding the threshold of the deficit or the minimum duration of the lack of precipitation that makes a dry spell an official drought. Hydrological drought refers to deficiencies in surface and subsurface water supplies. It is measured as stream flow, as well as lake, reservoir, and ground water levels. Agricultural drought occurs when there is insufficient soil moisture to meet the needs of a particular crop at a particular time. A deficit of rainfall over cropped areas during critical periods of the growth cycle can result in destroyed or underdeveloped crops with greatly depleted yields. Agricultural drought is typically evident after meteorological drought but before a hydrological drought. Socioeconomic drought associates the supply and demand of economic goods or services with elements of meteorological, hydrologic, and agricultural drought. Socioeconomic drought occurs when the demand for water exceeds the supply as a result of weather- related supply shortfall. This may also be called a water management drought. History Riverside County chronically experiences drought cycles. Drought causes stress on the County’s ability to provide water to the community. In addition, drought conditions can cause extensive weakening of trees in forested areas causing them to become highly vulnerable to disease and insect infestation. Many trees have weakened and died, creating a severe fire hazard. Furthermore, wildland brush areas were dry, presenting wildfire risk.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 287 | Section5Figure 25: California’s drought level the month of November 2017-2020Figure 26: California’s drought level November 2021-2022 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 288 | Section5Drought Risk Assessment The Department of Water Resources produces a California Water Plan every five years that not only includes a statewide water budget but also regional watershed water budgets. These water budgets are based on California Department of Finance population projections and indicate clearly that demand for water will exceed supply in 2020 whether or not a drought condition exists at that time. The largest average-year shortages are forecasted for the South Coast Region, which heavily relies on imported water. Future average-year shortages in the South Coast Region reflect forecasted population growth plus lower Colorado River supplies as California reduces its use of Colorado River water to the State’s basic apportionment.Although a drought in and of itself is not a direct threat to property and life, the impact on the County's agricultural industry and home development can be monumental. The costs to the County for the current drought in terms of fire damage and forest management have been in the millions. This is a chronic problem for Riverside County and accounts for significant indirect costs, loss of property and threat to human life.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 289 | Section5Drought Hazards and the relationship to climate change: The OA contains numerous water agencies and municipal departments that supply water to customers from local and imported sources. From a local government standpoint, the mix of water agencies presents a challenge to implementing jurisdictional water conservation strategies, as some jurisdictions have multiple providers within their boundaries, and some water suppliers function as sub-agencies to others. Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD) and Western Municipal Water District (WMWD), which account for the majority of residential and commercial water accounts in the subregion, import roughly 75 percent of their water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay Delta via the State Water Project and from the Colorado River (EMWD 2011; WMWD 2011). The imported sources rely on winter snowpack to deliver supplies year-round. Other parts of the subregion depend on groundwater resources. Aquifer recharge occurs when local rainwater percolates through the ground. Most of the imported water used in the WRCOG subregion comes from the Sierra Nevada range. Reduced winter precipitation levels and warmer temperatures have greatly decreased the size of the Sierra Nevada snowpack (the volume of accumulated snow), which in turn makes less fresh water available for communities throughout California. An example of this change can be seen in the figure below, which shows historic and projected April snow water equivalence from 1950 to 2099. Source: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-Riverside-Adaptationand-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-AssessmentAs seen in Figure 38, Climate Change can greatly impact the polarization of extreme wet and dry intermittent periods. When comparing November 2022 data with January 2023 data, clear distinctive extreme periods of drought or extreme weather in the form of storms can be seen and potentially can occur more frequently.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 290 | Section5Figure 27: April Snow Water Equivalence in the Southern Sierra 1950-2099 Source: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-Riverside-Adaptationand-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-Assessment x Effects on people and housing. The effects of a Drought are varied and usually based on the duration of the disturbance. Effects may impact the general public in the form of water conservation measures mandated by jurisdictions with constrained water availability. The general public’s confidence in jurisdictional governance during a drought emergency would be minimal. Drought can also cause long-term public health problems, including shortages of drinking water and poor-quality drinking water. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/drought/implications.htm#:~:text=Drought%20can%20 also%20cause%20long,mosquitoes%20breeding%20in%20stagnant%20water x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Effects may include limitation and increase regulation of water use. The impact to structures is minimal.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 291 | Section5 x Effects on infrastructure. Effects may include demand on interagency cooperation between water providers.
x Effects on agriculture & the environment. Effects may include limitation of water available for farming purposes which could impact the general tax revenue being received by jurisdictions. The environment could also have large scale impacts from extended drought periods leading to potential death of flora and fauna not acclimated to extreme drought conditions.
Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Drought can increase the severity of other hazards. For example, drought can lead to an increase in dead vegetation when can increase fire hazards. It can also lead to increased insect infestations.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 292 | Section5Figure 28: U.S Drought Monitor – California Compared - November 2022 and January 2023 Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 293 | Section5Figure 28 continuedSource: https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 294 | Section55.3.12 Nuclear/Radiological Incident Severity: 5 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Nuclear Incidents ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition Radiological Accidents Radioactive materials are routinely transported in California. These materials include the medical and industrial sources described below, as well as wastes that have radioactive components. Many of the radioactive waste shipments come from research and cleanup efforts at national laboratories. Radiological accidents that result in the release of radioactive materials may result in long-term health risks and contamination of the state resources, including air, water supply, groundwater, and agricultural lands. Profiling Radiological Accident HazardsDue to strict regulation of nuclear power plants in the United States, significant nuclear power incidents that can cause harm to the public have a low probability of occurrence, and none have occurred in California. Even though the probability of a catastrophic event involving a nuclear power plant is extremely low and these plants are extremely well protected, the consequences of a severe accident or a successful terrorist attack on a nuclear power plant that results in a release of radioactive materials could be very significant. State and local governments having jurisdiction within ten miles of an operating nuclear power plant must plan, train, and conduct emergency exercises annually in accordance with federal regulations. Detailed emergency plans are maintained by each affected agency. Four Emergency Classification Levels (ECLs) have been established in federal regulations to characterize the severity of the emergency and the response actions required. The ECLs must be used as the foundation for emergency response planning, training and exercises.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 295 | Section5Planning Zones A series of zones have been established around each nuclear power plant to clearly identify the required activities in the event of an accident. Although three specific zones are identified, efforts to protect public health and safety and the environment are made without regard to whether these areas are inside or outside of these zones: 2 The Emergency Planning Zone is an approximate 10-mile radius around the plants.
Plans for this zone are in place to protect people, property, and the environment from the effects of exposure to a radioactively contaminated plume. 3 The Ingestion Pathway Zone covers an approximate 50-mile radius around the plant.
In this zone, plans are in place to mitigate the effects of radioactive contamination to agriculture, and food processing and distribution.
Two general situations that could affect Riverside County are:
x A situation involving nuclear weapons, which is discussed in the Terrorism section of this MJLHMP (Section 5.3.7)
x A situation involving the transportation of nuclear materials As will be discussed in the Terrorism section of this LHMP, the possibility exists that a terrorist organization might acquire the capability of creating a small nuclear detonation. A single nuclear detonation in the United States would likely produce fallout affecting an area many times greater than that of the blast itself. There is also the possibility that a terrorist will construct a “dirty bomb”, a bomb that is used to distribute nuclearcontaminated materials. It would have less of an effect than a “traditional” nuclear bomb, but the terror effect on the population would be great. A nuclear incident could be initiated by a transportation emergency, either accidental or intentional. See the Transportation Emergencies section of this LHMP (Section 5.3.14). SONGS is located on the Pacific Coast in northwestern San Diego County, approximately 4 miles southeast of the City of San Clemente. Surrounding San Onofre is a Basic Emergency Planning Zone, approximately 10 miles in radius within which certain precautionary actions must be taken and specific precautionary plans must be prepared. This zone does not include any portion of Riverside County. Beyond this zone is an area that could be affected by radioactive fallout being deposited in such a manner as to detrimentally affect the human food chain, which includes all of Riverside County. This area is identified as the Ingestion Pathway Zone. Specifically, the primary threat is that of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 296 | Section5radioactive iodine 131 being deposited upon fodder consumed by dairy cows and subsequently appearing in milk in the public marketplace. History of Events Riverside County has not experienced a nuclear accident. Risk Assessment Transportation of nuclear and/or irradiated materials is of growing concern. A severe transportation incident could require the evacuation of a large number of people, major rerouting of traffic systems, and an expensive decontamination process for the area involved. Ancillary problems associated with such an incident are discussed in the sections of this LHMP dealing with Hazardous Materials and with Transportation Incidents.Radiological Waste Transportation Since 1989, the staff of the Energy Commission has represented California on two western state groups: the Western Governors' Association WIPP Transportation Advisory Group and the Western Interstate Energy Board's High-Level Radioactive Waste Committee. Both groups work with the U.S. Department of Energy and other state regional groups to develop accident prevention and emergency response plans for major federal non-classified shipments of radioactive waste. Staff also coordinates the California Nuclear Transport Working Group that develops and updates accident prevention and emergency response plans for federal shipments of transuranic waste to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. To mitigate disaster, federal regulations require that:
x radiological materials transported by train use special packaging based on the hazard of the shipment
x there are extensive worker training and documentation x vehicle and packages of radioactive materials are inspected x The waste travels via specific, controlled routes.
More information about radiological waste transportation can be found on Cal OES’s radiological transportation website.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 297 | Section5A detailed discussion of radiation hazards and their effects on humans along with a description of the operation of a nuclear power generating facility and the hazards posed thereby are contained in the State of California Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Response Plan and in other documents. The State Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Response Plan assigns to the County of Riverside responsibility for certain actions to protect the public and the environment within Riverside County from the effects of an accident. The plan also lists the support and assistance available from various State and Federal organizations. x Effects on people and housing. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating. An impact of an incident of this magnitude could greatly impact the public’s confidence in jurisdictional governance during an incident. x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating. x Effects on infrastructure. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating.
x Effects on agriculture & environment. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating.
Risk Assessment Conclusion The nearest plant to Riverside County is San Onofre, which is a three-tower facility in San Diego County. In 1992 the site retired Tower 1. Towers 2 and 3 remained operational until 2012. In March of 2015 SoCal Edison was granted permission to decommission towers 2 and 3 and permanently close the site. The estimated date for full closure of the power plan is December 31, 2031. The County is far enough away from nuclear power plants that cataclysmic exposure is not likely. There is the possibility of Riverside County being used as a major evacuation route from a nuclear plant accident. This would tax the County’s response resources. The radiation from an accident would, of course, negatively affect the area. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Cascading effects of a nuclear incident could include contaminated water, air, and soil. It could also impact first responders and the 911 system.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 298 | Section55.3.13 Extreme Weather Severity: 3 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Extreme Weather ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
Extreme weather hazards in Riverside County include:
x Extreme Heat x Severe Cold x Wind Event x Fog Event x Agricultural Event Climate Change can impact weather patterns within the County. Climate changes can increase or change effects of weather. Some changes may include reduced water supply, increased temperatures, decreased precipitation and increased wildfire risks. The National Climate Data Center (NCDC) receives Storm Data from the National Weather Service. The National Weather service receives their information from a variety of sources, which include but are not limited to county, state and federal emergency management officials, local law enforcement officials, SKYWARN spotters, NWS damage surveys, newspaper clipping services, the insurance industry and the general public. Storm Data Disclaimer: Storm Data is an official publication of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) which documents the occurrence of storms and other significant weather phenomena having sufficient intensity to cause loss of life, injuries, significant property damage, and/or disruption to commerce. In addition, it is a partial record of other significant meteorological events, such as record maximum or minimum temperatures or precipitation that occurs in connection with another event. Some information appearing in Storm Data may be provided by or gathered from sources outside the National Weather Service (NWS), such as the media, law enforcement and/or other government agencies, Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 299 | Section5private companies, individuals, etc. An effort is made to use the best available information but due to time/resource constraints, information from these sources may be unverified by the NWS. Therefore, when using information from Storm Data, customers should be cautious as the NWS does not guarantee the accuracy or validity of the information. Table 44: Storm Data (4/30/1950 to 8/31/2022) Type # of Events Property Loss Crop Loss Deaths Injuries Drought 26 N/A N/A N/A N/ADust Storm 41 645 K 100 K 0 77Flood 355 195.463 M 5.217 M 8 31Fog 27 25K 0 0 21Funnel Cloud 26 0 0 0 0 Hail 30 131.5 K 10 K 0 2High Winds 410 66.186 M 36.716 M 8 71Lightning 37 279.5 K 17.1K 1 6Precipitation 25 40.400 M 0 0 26Snow and Ice 67 1.426 M 0 4 102Strong Winds 53 3.115 M 47 K 1 2Temp Extremes 25 1.330 M 1.175 M 31 39Thunderstorm Winds 154 13.480 M 16 K 0 0 Tornado 26 21.537 M 0 0 4Wild and Forest Fire 201 209.322 M 1.247 M 1 131Totals 1,329 2.229 B 174.429 M 53 507 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 300 | Section5Note: Figures in the chart above were gathered from NOAA’s Storm Event Database and may not be a complete listing of previous hazard occurrences. Riverside County's weather has a history of extremes. There are essentially three weather regions in the County, each with its own type of weather and each with a different impact on the County. In some cases, the high temperatures in the desert are harmful to the public, but beneficial to agriculture. In other cases, a steady rainfall that raises the water table can be good for the County, yet too much rain will cause flooding and a disruption in the production of agricultural goods. Average Climates across the County The Weather Tables display the average climate for several areas across the County of Riverside. The cities included are Riverside, Idyllwild and Blythe. These cover the Desert, Mountain, and Valley Regions, and are clear examples of the weather extremes within the county.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 301 | Section5Table 45: Riverside Climate Source: http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/riverside/california/united-states/usca1695 Table 46: Idyllwild Climate
Source: http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/idyllwild/california/united-states/usca0506 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 302 | Section5Table 47: Blythe Climate Source: http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/blythe/california/united-states/usca05065.3.13.1 Extreme Heat Overview Extreme heat can be described as overly hot temperatures that are sustained to the extent that human and animal overexposure can cause heat illness and death. Heat illness is a major cause of preventable morbidity in regions characterized by high ambient temperatures. Riverside County has a wide range of temperatures, from freezing in some areas during the winter months to extremely hot temperatures for long periods of time during the summer in the deserts and other areas. Impacts happen almost annually. In September 2022, Riverside County and several other counties were threatened by rolling power outages during a period of high temperatures. The State Hazard Mitigation Plan addresses the issue of Extreme Heat Hazards, and this information has been included in this LHMP. The figure on the next page illustrates the Heat Index (HI) as a function of heat and relative humidity. The Heat Index describes how hot the heat-humidity combination makes the air feel. As relative humidity increases, the air seems warmer than it is because the body is less able to cool itself via evaporation of perspiration. As the Heat Index rises, so do health risks.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 303 | Section5 Specifically:
• When the Heat Index is 90°F, heat exhaustion is possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity.
• When it is 90° to 105°F, heat exhaustion is probable with the possibility of sunstroke or heat cramps with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. • When it is 105° to 129°F, sunstroke, heat cramps or heat exhaustion is likely, and heatstroke is possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. • When it is 130°F and higher, heatstroke and sunstroke are extremely likely with continued exposure. Physical activity and prolonged exposure to the heat increase the risks.
Table 48: The National Weather Service (NWS) Heat Index Source: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/heat/heat_index.shtmlThe National Weather Service (NWS) will initiate its Heat Index Program Alert procedures when the high temperature is expected to exceed 105° to 110° (depending on local climate) for at least two consecutive days.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 304 | Section5 Extreme Heat and Climate Change Climate change is expected to increase overall global temperatures (IPCC 2013). The subregion will experience this increase in average annual heat in a variety of ways, including an increased number of extreme heat days and heat waves, warmer summer evenings, and warmer average annual temperatures (CEC 2013). In addition to the direct physical threat posed by extreme heat, elevated temperatures impose air quality hazards and can increase the rate of ground-level ozone (smog) formation (EPA 2013). The number of extreme heat days is projected to rise through 2050, where the average year could include 15 extreme heat dates, and 30 extreme heat days per year by 2099 (CEC 2019).
Figure 29: Historic and Projected Extreme Heat Days, 1950 to 2099 Additional data from the Cal-Adapt database also helps to further this profile of potential increasing number of heat days by showing the annual maximum temperatures for riverside will continue to increase. See figure below for a trend of increase. Source: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-Riverside-Adaptationand-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-Assessment Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 305 | Section5Figure 30: Average Annual Maximum Temperatures in Riverside County Source: https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-change-snapshot/ Profiling Extreme Heat Hazards (from the 2018 SHMP)
Heat waves do not cause damage or elicit the immediate response that floods, fires, earthquakes, and other disasters do. For example, the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake resulted in 63 deaths while the 1992 Northridge Earthquake was responsible for the loss of 55 lives. The catastrophic 2003 Southern California Firestorms resulted in 24 deaths. Heat waves, however, can be detrimental and have claimed many lives in comparison to other disasters. According to the 2018 SHMP, the worst single heat wave event in California occurred in Southern California in 1955, when an eight-day heat wave is said to have resulted in 946 deaths. The 2018 SHMP also states that the July 2006 heat wave in California caused the deaths of at least 650 people over a 13- Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 306 | Section5 day period. Accordingly, to recent data, from 2000 to 2019 there have been 1,241 fatalities related to extreme heat events within California. Source: https://www.trackingcalifornia.org/heat-related-illness/heat-related-deathssummary-tablesSource: https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/002-2018-SHMP_FINAL_ENTIRE-PLAN.pdfAdditional sources such as the National Risk Index (NRI), provide additional profile details such as a hazard risk index for Heat Waves. Riverside County has a risk index of relatively high, measuring 21.47 out of 100.00 and is profiled as the fourth highest hazard within the available NRI hazard list. It also provides some additional potential expectations for annual loss within the OA. The estimation shows a total annual value of $815,258 with a majority being tied to agricultural values and an annual frequency value of 8.6 events per year. The California Climate Adaptation Strategy (CAS), citing a California Energy Commission study, states that “over the past 15 years, heat waves have claimed more lives in California than all other declared disaster events combined.” Despite this history, however, not a single heat emergency was formally proclaimed at the state level or declared as a federal disaster between 1960 and 2008. California is on the frontlines of the climate crisis. To combat this all levels of government are taking steps to address climate changed. In 2021, CAS updated a statewide strategy to adapt to the impacts of climate change. The updates include: x Organization of the state’s climate adaptation efforts around six outcome-based resilience priorities and increases our ability to measure progress. These priorities reflect and reinforce regional climate resilience priorities; were developed through robust public engagement and in consultation with California Native American tribes; and specify timeframes and metrics to drive progress and enable accountability. x Breaking down silos and unifies collective climate adaptation efforts across all sectors and regions. An outcome-based approach sets strategic direction, supports coordinated, integrated efforts, recognizes how climate adaptation is implemented on the ground, and reflects our commitment to integrating climate resilience into the work of all state agencies. x Make it easier for Californians to understand and contribute to California’s climate resilience agenda. Presented as an interactive website, the Strategy provides a central hub for information on the state’s climate resilience actions. The website Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 307 | Section5 will stay updated to track progress and adjustments and integrate emerging best available science.
Treating Heat as a “Legitimate Disaster” (from the 2018 SHMP) Historic losses due to extreme heat events raise several issues. First, since the primary goal of the SHMP is to significantly reduce the loss of life and injuries in California, heat is considered a legitimate disaster type. The number of people killed by extreme heat underscores the importance of mitigating its impacts. Second, heat events highlight the importance of thoughtful social vulnerability analyses. While changes to the built environment can greatly alter vulnerability to different hazards, social vulnerability and resiliency are especially important during heat events. For example, socially isolated elderly persons are especially vulnerable. Any mitigation efforts aimed at reducing heat losses will focus on ways to reduce social isolation, as well as changes to the built environment. Third, heat events illustrate how seemingly unrelated phenomena combine to create disaster. For example, the increased use of air conditioners during heat waves can lead to power outages, which makes extreme heat events even more deadly. Upgrading water and power infrastructure, then, is a form of extreme heat disaster mitigation. Situational and physical characteristics help to identify vulnerable populations that may not comfortably or safely gain access to and use disaster resources. Specifically, when discussing heat-related emergency preparedness, the following groups could be considered vulnerable or at greater risk in a heat emergency:
x People with a developmental/intellectual disability, i.e., a severe and chronic disability that is attributable to amental or physical impairment that begins before an individual reaches adulthood. These disabilities include cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and autism. x People who are blind or have low vision. x People who are deaf or hard of hearing. x People with limited mobility. x People with injuries from auto accidents, falls, sports, and/or war. These injuries can cause damage to the brain, spinal cord, hearing, and sight, and limit mobility. x People with chronic conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, dialysis, asthma, and epilepsy.
x Older adults who have age-related limitations (e.g., slow movement, sight, and hearing limitations, etc.).
x Children who may be dependent on others, not only for care, but for decisionmaking. Because children process information and trauma differently than Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 308 | Section5 adults, they may be unable to articulate their needs and, may decompensate faster than adults. They are also generally more susceptible to thirst, hunger, and temperature than adults.
Animals, including domestic pets, livestock, and poultry, are also susceptible to extreme heat. For example, dogs and cats are in danger of heat stroke in temperatures of 110°F. The heat wave of 2006 resulted in 15 reported pet deaths and more than 25,000 cattle and 700,000 fowl heat-related deaths. Heat wave impacts on livestock can lead to financial losses in California’s agricultural economy. Source: https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/002-2018- SHMP_FINAL_ENTIRE-PLAN.pdf
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 309 | Section5Table 49: 1991 - 2020 Heat Deaths in California < 1 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-44 45-64 65-84 85+ Total 1991 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 5 5 0 17 1992 0 0 0 1 2 0 8 3 2 1 17 1993 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 6 0 12 1994 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 9 0 23 1995 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 5 3 2 17 1996 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 8 7 0 21 1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 1 7 1998 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 2 0 9 1999 0 2 0 0 0 0 5 3 8 1 19 2000 2 0 1 0 0 2 10 9 8 3 35 2001 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 8 4 1 19 2002 2 1 0 0 0 1 12 4 3 1 24 2003 1 0 0 0 1 3 12 6 6 0 29 2004 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 8 6 1 28 2005 0 1 1 2 0 2 13 7 5 5 36 2006 1 0 0 0 0 3 22 48 38 10 122 2007 2 1 0 0 2 2 14 13 4 4 42 2008 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 15 3 4 29 2009 1 0 0 0 1 2 8 15 7 5 39 2010 1 0 0 0 1 1 5 9 4 1 22 2011 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 4 1 17 2012 0 0 0 0 1 2 17 13 7 4 44 2013 1 0 0 1 2 2 10 14 11 2 43 2014 2 2 1 0 4 1 3 11 6 4 34 2015 2 2 0 0 1 4 5 16 7 2 39 2016 1 0 0 0 1 1 10 14 16 2 45 2017 0 1 0 0 0 1 9 21 22 8 62 2018 1 1 0 0 0 3 6 26 13 3 53 2019 0 1 0 0 0 2 9 6 10 1 29 2020 0 2 0 1 4 4 24 22 17 4 78 Total 18 21 3 5 21 44 253 329 246 71 1,011
*Current as of November 2022 Source: CDPH Vital Statistics Death Statistical Master Files Prepared by: California Department of Public Health, Injury and Violence Prevention Branch Report generated from http://epicenter.cdph.ca.gov on: November 07, 2022 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 310 | Section55.3.13.2 Severe Cold Overview Riverside County generally experiences a Mediterranean or Desert climate. When temperatures suddenly drop, it can potentially lead to loss of life in humans and livestock, as well as severely damage crops. The NRI classifies Winter Weather for Riverside County as a relatively low risk hazard scoring 9.26 out of 100.00 on the risk index with an annualized frequency value of 1 event occurring per year. When temperatures drop below freezing that is the most dangerous time for crops. When water freezes it expands, this effect causes damage to a plants structure and may cause it to die. Identifying Freeze Hazards (2018 SHMP) Sustained temperatures below freezing in California’s generally mild weather regions can cause life loss and health risks to vulnerable populations. Although infrequent, freezes can severely affect California agriculture. Freezing temperatures occurring during winter and spring growing seasons can cause extensive crop damage. Secondary impacts of freeze disasters can include major economic impacts on farmers, farm workers, packers, and shippers of agricultural products. Freezes can also cause significant increases in food prices to the consumer due to shortages. Freezing spells are likely to become less frequent in California as climate temperatures increase. If emissions follow higher pathways, freezing events could occur only once per decade in a sizable portion of the state by the second half of the 21st century. While fewer freezing spells would decrease cold-related health effects, too few freezes could lead to increased incidence of disease as vectors and pathogens do not die off (CNRA 2009). Climate Change and Severe Cold Similar to other severe weather profiles when discussing climate change impacts, we can see an increase in events of extreme cold periods below freezing and variance of events. While the global average temperature is rising, the increase in variance means that extreme events at the lower end of the historic temperature range remain a possibility. Freezing temperatures can disrupt agricultural productivity, as some products are sensitive to freezing temperatures.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 311 | Section5History of Events: Riverside County has experienced Declared Freeze Disasters such as the1993 Winter Storms, the 1995 Winter Storms and the 1998 El Nino Winter Storms. They are also referenced in the 2018 SHMP table identified below. Map 30: State and Federal Declared Freeze Disasters, 1950- February 2017 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 312 | Section55.3.13.3 Wind Event Overview Windstorms are a hazard for many of the participating jurisdictions. Santa Ana Winds have caused large amounts of damage and increased the fire damage level dramatically. Santa Ana Winds are generally defined as warm, dry winds that blow from the east or northeast (offshore). These winds occur below the passes and canyons of the coastal ranges of Southern California and in the Los Angeles basin. Santa Ana winds often blow with exceptional speed in the Santa Ana Canyon (the canyon from which it derives its name). Forecasters at the NWS in Oxnard and San Diego usually place speed minimums on these winds and reserve the use of "Santa Ana" for winds greater than 25 knots. The complex topography of Southern California combined with various atmospheric conditions creates numerous scenarios that may cause widespread or isolated Santa Ana events. Commonly, Santa Ana winds develop when a region of high pressure builds over the Great Basin (the high plateau east of the Sierra Mountains and west of the Rocky Mountains including most of Nevada and Utah). The clockwise circulation around the center of this high-pressure area forces air downslope from the high plateau. The air warms as it descends toward the California coast at the rate of 5 degrees F per 1000 feet due to compressional heating. Thus, compressional heating provides the primary source of warming. The air is dry since it originated in the desert, and it dries out even more as it is heated. Santa Ana winds commonly occur between October and February with December having the highest frequency of events. Summer events are rare. Wind speeds are typically north to east at 35 knots through and below passes and canyons with gusts to 50 knots. Stronger Santa Ana winds can have gusts greater than 60 knots over widespread areas and gusts greater than 100 knots in favored areas. Frequently, the strongest winds in the basin occur during the night and morning hours due to the absence of a sea breeze. The sea breeze which typically blows onshore daily can moderate the Santa Ana winds during the late morning and afternoon hours. The following maps and photos show the direction of the Santa Ana winds as they travel from the stable, high-pressure weather system called the Great Basin High through the canyons and towards the low-pressure system off the Pacific. Riverside County is in the direct path of the ocean-bound Santa Ana winds.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 313 | Section5Map 31: Direction of Santa Ana Wind Patterns Source: http://www.theweatherprediction.com/weatherpapers/049/ Risk Assessment The Santa Ana Winds pose several different types of threats.
1. By themselves, the winds pose a threat to the health of the people and to structures in the County.
a. Health risks relate primarily to breathing problems caused by the blowing dust and plant pollen.
b. Structural issues relating to the winds range from roofs being blown off to trees falling onto buildings.
2. The winds increase the threat and/or severity of fires in the urban areas Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 314 | Section5 a. Wind-blown flames will spread more rapidly when pushed by high Santa Ana Winds.
3. Santa Ana Winds dry out brush and forest areas and increase the speed of a fire. 4. Santa Ana Winds cause power lines to arc, resulting in fires 5. Santa Ana Winds can either cause trees to fall on power lines or power lines to break, causing power outages.
6. Santa Ana Winds can also cause Public Safety Power Shutoffs initialized by utility providers to mitigate the potential of wildfires caused by utility company infrastructure.
Wind Erosion Soil erosion is also a natural on-going process that transports, erodes and displaces soil particles through a transport mechanism, such as flowing water or the wind. Loose texture and steep slopes primarily result in high wind erosion potential in soils. Wind erosion is most severe in arid regions, where sandy or loamy sediments are unvegetated and exposed to severe wind conditions. In addition to the problems caused by the Santa Ana Winds, wind erosion is a serious environmental problem attracting global attention. Soil movement is initiated as a result of wind forces exerted against the surface of the ground. Dust particles in the air create major health problems. Atmospheric dust causes respiratory discomfort, may carry pathogens that cause eye infections and skin disorders and reduces highway and air traffic visibility. Dust storms can cause additional problems. Buildings, fences, roads, crops, trees, and shrubs can all be damaged by abrasive blowing soil. The wind and wind-blown sand are an environmentally limiting factor throughout much of Riverside County. Approximately 20 percent of the land area of Riverside County is vulnerable to "high" and "very high" wind erosion susceptibility. The Coachella Valley, the Santa Ana River Channel in northwestern Riverside County, and areas in and around the Cities of Hemet and San Jacinto are zones of high wind erosion susceptibility. Human intervention can accelerate the natural erosion process. For instance, typical consequences of development increase erosion potential from the removal of vegetative cover and reduction of overall permeable area. These activities can lead to increased water runoff rates and concentrated flows that have greater potential to erode exposed soils. The effects of excessive erosion range from nuisance Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 315 | Section5 problems that require additional maintenance, such as increased siltation in storm drains, to instances of more severe damage, where water courses are down cut, and gullies develop. These processes can eventually undermine adjacent structures or topography. Human activities that disturb soils in arid regions increase wind erosion potential. Many of the desert areas are also susceptible to blowing sand, a severe form of wind erosion that damages property and accumulates soil on roadways. The majority of the soils within the district exhibit moderate to high erosion potential, which can be compounded by development. Wind and wind-blown sand are an environmentally limiting factor throughout much of Riverside County. Approximately 20 percent of the land area of Riverside County is vulnerable to “high” and “very high” wind erosion susceptibility. The Coachella Valley, the Santa Ana River Channel in northwestern Riverside County, and areas in and around the cities of Hemet and San Jacinto are zones of high wind erosion susceptibility. Wind-blown sand is a well-recognized hazard for developments in the Coachella Valley. It has forced abandonment of dwellings and subdivided tracts in the central Coachella Valley. Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2019/elements/Ch06_Safety_080619.pdf#page=33&zoom=100,93,169 Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section5 | EMD 5.1.25 316
Map 32: Riverside County Wind Erosion Map
plan/2019/elements/Ch06_Safety_080619.pdf https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/gen Source:
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 317 | Section55.3.13.4 Fog Event OverviewFog forms from air being cooled to the point where it can no longer hold all of the water vapor it contains. For example, rain can cool and moisten the air near the surface until fog forms. A cloud-free, humid air mass at night can lead to fog formation, where land and water surfaces that have warmed up during the summer are still evaporating water into the atmosphere. This is called radiation fog. A warm moist air mass blowing over a cold surface also can cause fog to form, called advection fog. Fog can have a devastating effect on transportation. Nighttime driving in the fog is dangerous and multi-car pileups have resulted from drivers using excessive speed for the conditions and visibility. Fog contributes to transportation accidents and is a life safety hazard. These accidents can cause multiple injuries and deaths and could have serious implications for human health and the environment if a hazardous or nuclear waste shipment were involved. Dense fog may also delay emergency response vehicles. This hazard does not occur regularly but has had an impact on the highways within the OA.
5.3.13.5 Agricultural Event
Overview Agriculture in Riverside County must be considered from two standpoints, namely, both as a product producer/exporter and a major economic provider to the County of Riverside. According to the Riverside County Agricultural Commissioner’s Office Production Report, in 2020, Riverside County ranked in the top fourteen leading agricultural counties in California, with an agricultural production value of over $1.32 billion. Major agricultural industries include milk, nursery products, citrus and avocado, table grapes, vegetables, and dates. Riverside County can be evaluated by two areas: Western Riverside encompassing Riverside, Corona, San Jacinto and Temecula Valley areas and Eastern Riverside encompassing the Coachella Valley and Palo Verde Valley. Eastern Riverside - Coachella Valley & Palo Verde Valley Agriculture is the second largest industry in the Desert Valleys and is primarily crop- related. The annual 2020 report shows these two districts agricultural crops Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 318 | Section5 are valued at around $900 million and the Coachella Valley is seen as the second largest agricultural region in the state. Over 60 percent of Riverside County's crop production is grown in the Coachella and Palo Verde Valleys. In addition to crop production, many supporting industries, such as packing and distribution, are located in the desert area. The Coachella Valley produces 95 percent of all dates grown in the United States and the annual fruit crop exceeds 40 million pounds. The Desert’s list of agriculture-related products includes:
x Vegetable & Melon Crops (Bell Peppers, Lettuce, Corn, Watermelon, etc.) x Nursery Stock x Turf/Sod Producers x Field Crops (Hay, Cotton, Wheat, etc.) x Citrus x Tree & Vine Crops (Table Grapes, Dates) Western Riverside County (WR) Agriculture in the Western Riverside County region is an ever-changing industry. With the large increase in housing in this area of the County over the past few years, there has been a reduction of several agriculture-related industries. This reduction is primarily in the poultry and dairy industries. The Western Riverside County list of agriculture-related products includes:
x Dairy Cattle x Nursery Stock x Beef Cattle x Poultry and Eggs x Citrus Crops x Tree and Vine Crops (Avocado, Wine Grapes) x Field Crops (Wheat, Hay, Green Chop) x Vegetable Crops (Potatoes, etc.) x Fish Hatcheries (for domestic and international distribution) The Riverside County Agricultural Commission, Agriculture Projection Report listed the following as the Top commodities in 2020.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 319 | Section5Figure 31: Top Commodities Source: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/e4a55c77740c47bdabd6170a3914d583 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 320 | Section5 History
Table 50: Agriculture-related disasters in Riverside County Riverside County Agriculture Disasters
Year Disaster Commodity Damages Region
1979-80 Wind Avocado and Citrus
C
$40,000.00
1979-80
Rain/Floods (El Nino)
Olive Trees (4,200) $319,494.00 WR.
1979-80 Rain/Floods Sugar beets, Barley &
Alf lf
$182,711.00 WR.
1979-80
Rain/Floods Potato Crop $2,000,000.00 WR.
1979-80 Rain/Floods Dairy and Livestock $211,900.00 WR. 1982-1983 Rain/Floods (El Nino)
All agriculture Countywide
1990 *
Insect InfestationMed- fly Fruit Countywide
1990-91
Freezing temperatures
Citrus, avocados,
t bl
$15,450,000.00 Countywide
1990-91
Drought WR
1991
Insect Infestationwhite fly
Melons, squash,
cucumbers,
WR, Desert
1992-93
Rain/Flood
1993-94
Insect InfestationMed- Fly Fruit WR
1996 Plant disease- Karnel Blunt Wheat WR/Blythe 1997-98 Rain/Flood (El Nino) Wheat $167,000.00 WR
1997-98
Rain/Flood (El Nino)
Livestock & Dairy $4,100,000.00 WR
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 321 | Section5 1999 Freezing temperatures Citrus $1,630,000.00 Countywide 1999-2002 * Insect spread disease - (Pierce’s Disease)
Wine Grapes $16,000,000.00 WR
2001-July *
Rain/FloodsDesert Storm Misc. land & irrigation damage ~ $1,000,000.00 CV 2002-2003 Drought
Dairy farms, dry land crops, etc.
Countywide
2002 High Winds/Freeze Avocado & Citrus Crops $8,586,000.00 WR2002-03 Animal Disease-END
Poultry -300,000 birds in So. Calif.
WR
2003-04 Wildfire Nursery, various WR2004-05
Severe Storms –
Excessive Moisture
All
Agricultural Commodities
Countywide
2005
Severe Storms –
Excessive Moisture
All
Agricultural Commodities
Countywide
2006 Excessive
H
Livestock WR
2007 Winter Storms All Agricultural
C diti
Countywide
2007 Wildfires Avocados WR 2007
Below Normal Temperatures, Winter Storms
All Agricultural Commodities
Countywide
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 322 | Section5 2007 Hail All Agricultural
C diti
Countywide
2007 Drought Grain Crops, Livestock $3.8 Million + WR2008 Wildfires All Agricultural C diti
WR
2009 Drought Grain Crops, Livestock $5.0 Million + WR2010 Earthquake Agricultural Buildings Coachella Valley 2010 Winter Storms – Flooding,
Debris Flow,
Mud Flows
All Agricultural Commodities
Countywide
2013-2016 Drought
Crops damaged due to stressed water supplies
County
Wide
*Denotes a locally declared disaster Risk Assessment When considering Agriculture, the County factored in both crops and animals/livestock. Both groups have a three-day window before serious damages occur (aside from physical damages that may happen due to earthquake or floods). Animals Most beef and dairy ranches, chicken ranches, swine farms, and other agricultural animal facilities usually only have a 2-to-3-day supply of feed on-site. Most of the large feed providers in the County do not have more than a 3-to-5-day supply. Restocking of feed supplies is done primarily by rail to the feed providers and then by truck to the local ranches. In addition to providing feed for the animals, the impact on the dairy farms would be immense. The time factor for the dairy farms would be almost immediate. Not being able to move milk to the milk house was a major concern. Dairy cows must be milked and without the ability to transport the milk off property, that milk must Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 323 | Section5 be disposed of in some way so as not to contaminate the soil or create a positive host for insects. Crops Although many crops are time sensitive and there is a limited amount of storage space in local packing houses, transportation issues vary based on the time of year and crop season. Water Related HazardsMany crops are not as water dependent as animals are, though some ground and vine crops have a very short lifespan without an adequate supply. Short-term water supplies can be provided to animals using water trucks; however, water trucks cannot support large crop areas with an adequate level of water. Water-related issues included:
1. Local water supply (wells, holding ponds, etc.) contamination occurring either naturally or from human causes
2. Loss of water supply due to pipeline or aqueduct damage from an earthquake.
Hazmat Incidents – On-Property and Off-Property The definition for an On-Property Hazmat incident relates to the improper use of chemicals, crop-dusting accidents or errors, accidental chemical spills into the ground, and other similar incidents. Off-Property Hazmat events relate to the typical transportation Hazmat incident. Both groups (animal-related and croprelated) were very concerned about the impact of an On-Property event. There was a higher level of concern about the impact of an Off-Property event for animals than for crops. Both groups rated the probability of either type of event occurring as low. Transportation Events Transportation events were listed as either short-term (less than 3 days) or longterm (over 3 days) and included:
1. Railroad accidents interrupting the delivery of products into the County; Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 324 | Section5
2. Railroad accidents interrupting the movement of products out of the County;
3. A railroad or trucking strike; and 4. A disruption in transportation lines due to an earthquake, flood, fire, or another event.
Both animals and crops viewed the 3-day point as critical from both an economic and operational standpoint, with the crop group indicating that the 3-day window could be reduced based on whether it was picking season. Insect infestation and Disease to Crops and Vines There is an ever-changing potential for damage to local crops and vines from disease and insect infestation. The County has been attacked by a wide variety of pests, insects, and diseases, and because of the diversity of the types of crops in the County, maintaining a pro-active approach has been difficult. Studies and history show that should there be a disease outbreak or contamination of crops/vines, the economic impact would be enormous. Recent events in other states have shown the potential for bans on importation of cattle/dairy products from affected states. One of the primary concerns of the producers in the County is the illegal or uninspected importation of plants into this region. The majority of insect, pest, and disease issues in the County can be attributed to this problem.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 325 | Section5Table 51: Primary Crop-related Insect Infestations for Riverside County The table below shows the primary crop-related insect infestations in the County over the past twenty years:
NAME AFRICANIZED HONEYBEE BARK BEETLE CITRUS LEAFMINER GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER GYPSY MOTH HONEYBEE TRACHEAL MITE JAPANESE BEETLE LESSER SNOW SCALE MAGNOLIA WHITE SCALE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY PIERCE'S DISEASE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT STING NEMATODE TROPICAL PALM SCALE VARROA MITE/HONEYBEE ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY POLYPHAGOUS SHOT-HOLE BORER Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 326 | Section5Figure 32: 2020 Pest Interceptions Chart Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 327 | Section5Figure 32 Continued Source: https://www.rivcoawm.org/Portals/0/PDF/2020-Crop%20Report.pdf Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 328 | Section5 Animal Diseases
There have not been recent incidents of catastrophic outbreaks of disease in the cattle/dairy industry. This is due in part to excellent precluding efforts on behalf of the cattle/dairy industry. Studies and history show that if there is an outbreak of cattle/dairy- related disease, the economic impact would be enormous. Recent events in other states have shown the potential for bans on importation of cattle/dairy products from affected states. In a short period of time, the inability to export products from the County would have wide-ranging economic effects. The poultry industry is particularly vulnerable to the spread of disease because many fowl are kept in residential back yards and are therefore hard to monitor. Diseases can be spread by mosquitoes and/or ranch service operations that often serve more than one farm, increasing the odds of infection being spread. Outbreaks of the Exotic Newcastle Disease in the poultry industry in 2003 have resulted in the necessary depopulation of 3.16 million chickens in the County. This disease required the quarantine of a large area of Southern California, including all of Riverside County. The economic loss to the ranchers and County as a whole was estimated to be 161 million. Diseases of primary concern to the area are:
x Avian Influenza x Exotic Newcastle Disease x Fowl Pox x Hoof-and-Mouth Disease x Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Loss of Electrical Power
The loss of electrical power is becoming more of a concern to all areas of agriculture. Depending on the season, the loss of electrical supply to a poultry ranch can be devastating within 2-to-4 hours because of the inability to keep the chickens cool. The loss of electrical power for over a 12-hour period can be devastating to a dairy farmer who cannot milk dairy cows.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 329 | Section55.3.14 Transportation Failure Severity: 3 Probability: 2 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Transportation Hazard Incidents ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition Transportation hazards are incidents involving air, rail, or highway transport of goods or passenger travel resulting in property damage, death, or serious injury. The incidents can be caused by transportation of hazardous materials, earthquake, hazardous weather, or other hazardous conditions affecting the uninterrupted flow of transportation and/or public safety. Five major transportation systems operate within Riverside County.
1. Highways 2. Railroads 3. Air traffic 4. High-pressure petroleum and gas lines 5. Aqueducts.
Pipelines and aqueducts are treated separately in following sections of this LHMP. History Highways. The traffic density on the freeway and highway systems in the western part of the County is of particular concern. The population and economic growth in this area have caused increased demand on these networks.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 330 | Section5Although the seasons do not have a large impact on Riverside County, there is the threat of poor visibility due to winter fog. Adding to this problem is the fact that according to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), more than 800,000 trucks carry hazardous materials across the U.S every day, and each year about 5,000 of those trucks are involved in nonfatal crashes, and 200 result in catastrophic death. Rail Lines. Major rail transport lines through Riverside County include Union Pacific and the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Railway Companies. Rails, cars, supporting bridges, overpasses, and electrically operated switching mechanisms are susceptible to damage. Union Pacific and the BNSF Railway Companies lines enter the Coachella Valley from Imperial County along the eastern shore of the Salton Sea. Major population centers affected by railroad transportation are vulnerable to the impact of a wide variety of hazardous materials transported by these carriers. Additionally, there are lines running east and west that carry significant tonnage daily. Some of these lines are in remote areas, but that does not lessen the overall seriousness of their impact. Airlines / Airports The western part of Riverside County has some of the busiest air traffic areas in the United States. Commercial, as well as military traffic, is very heavy. The number of near misses reported by pilots underscores the increasing possibility of a mid-air collision over the County. There are two major airports in Riverside County: March Air Reserve Base and Palm Springs International. There are also numerous smaller municipal and commercial airports and private air strips:
x Banning Airport x Bermuda Dunes Airport x Blythe Airport x Chiriaco Summit Airport x Corona Municipal Airport x Desert Center Airport Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 331 | Section5 x Flabob Airport x French Valley Airport x Hemet- Ryan Airport x Lake Elsinore/Skylark Airport x Perris Valley Airport x Rancho California Airport x Riverside Municipal Airport x Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport In addition, there are five major out-of-county airports operating in the vicinity of Riverside County with significant flightpaths over the County:
1. John Wayne Airport (Orange County) 2. Long Beach Airport (Los Angeles County) 3. Los Angeles International (LAX) Airport 4. Ontario Airport (San Bernardino County) 5. Chino Airport (Airport Influence Area extends into Riverside County)
6. San Diego International Airport (SAN) San Diego County
7. San Bernardino International Airport (SBI) San Bernardino County Risk Assessment The possibility for a transportation hazard to occur is ongoing. There have been railway incidents in the recent past, although they have not been numerous and have not caused extensive damage. Semi-trucking incidents are not uncommon and could result in a hazardous spill at any time, although notable events have not occurred in recent history. There has not been a serious airline accident in the area in the recent past.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 332 | Section5 x Effects on people and housing. As the historical events in Riverside County show, people may be evacuated when a transportation emergency occurs. Relative to some of the other natural hazards assessed earlier in this LHMP, the numbers of people affected by transportation emergencies are usually less. However, a transportation accident on Interstate 10 during a period of high heat can result in hundreds (or more) of commuters being stranded on the highway with little resources for an extended period of time. When considering the impacts to the public’s confidence in a jurisdictions ability to govern following a transportation incident. The impact is very low. x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. There may be economic consequences due to transportation emergencies, but the damage is generally limited to clean-up of facilities and grounds or simply interruption of business due to evacuation. x Effects on infrastructure. Transportation emergencies may result in downed power lines. Also, Hazmat materials released in a transportation emergency may impact waterways and drainage systems, and incidents can lead to the evacuation of schools, business districts, and residential areas. Effects on agriculture & the environment. Transportation is essential to the agricultural industry. For all elements of agriculture other than those that are dairyrelated, any incident that affects transportation for more than three days is “major.” For the dairy segment of the agricultural industry, any incident that affects the ability to transport product by more than 12 hours is considered “major.” When considering the impact on the environment, transportation incidents can have longterm impacts to the plants and animals that live there if they are not mitigated and removed.
Risk Assessment Conclusion In general, transportation hazards are not cataclysmic in terms of widespread property damage and loss of life. Existing emergency operations should be equipped to handle almost of any transportation hazard that may occur. However, because Riverside County has an agricultural production value of over $1 billion, any transportation emergency that affects the ability of agriculture to conduct its routine business (importing supplies and exporting production) can have severe economic consequences for the County.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 333 | Section5Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Depending on the location of the incident, the cascading effects of transportation emergencies are generally limited to those of Hazmat incidents, Fires or Extreme Weather. Recent examples in Riverside County of how transportation events can turn into large scale concerns for public safety can be seen during the Oleander Incident when a railcar in the City of Perris had an unidentified leak prompting evacuations, shelter operations, and interagency cooperation to protect the immediate life and property in that area. Source: https://www.rvcfire.org/incidents/fact-sheets/OLEANDER%2008-11-2022 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 334 | Section55.3.15 Dam Failure Severity: 1 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Dam Failure ¾ Norco ¾ Eastvale ¾ Corona ¾ Lake Elsinore ¾ Wildomar ¾ Murrieta ¾ Temecula ¾ Perris ¾ Menifee ¾ Riverside ¾ Jurupa Valley ¾ Hemet ¾ Moreno Valley ¾ San Jacinto ¾ Various Portions of unincorporated areas in the West County
Hazard Definition The term “dam failure” encompasses a wide variety of circumstances. Potential causes of a dam failure are numerous and can be attributed to deficiencies in the original design of the dam, the quality of construction, the maintenance of the dam and operation of the appurtenances while the dam is in operation and acts of nature including precipitation in excess of the design, flood, and damage from earthquakes. Water over topping the dam crest is a common cause of failure in earth dams. Overtopping will cause erosion of the dam crest and eventual dam breach. Piping of earth dams is another common form of failure. Piping is a form of erosion that occurs underground caused by rodent burrowing and the presence of extensive root systems from vegetation growing on and around the dam.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 335 | Section5Flooding of the area below the dam may occur as the result of structural failure of the dam, overtopping, or a seiche. The primary danger associated with a dam failure is the swift, unpredictable flooding of those areas immediately downstream of the dam. There are three general types of dams: earth and rock fill, concrete arch or hydraulic fill, and concrete gravity. Each of these types of dams has different failure characteristics. The earth/rock fill dam will fail gradually due to the erosion of the breach; a flood wave will build gradually to a peak and then decline until the reservoir is empty. A concrete arch or hydraulic fill dam will fail almost instantaneously, with a very rapid build-up to a peak and then a gradual decline. A concrete gravity dam will fail somewhere in between instantaneous and gradual, with the corresponding build-up of flood wave. History Historically, Riverside County has not experienced any significant dam failure incidents, although there are several major dams in the County of both the earthen and steel reinforced concrete type. Risk Assessment The County of Riverside is subject to potential flooding from several local dams, reservoirs, streams, rivers, and washes. These include but are not limited to, Lake Elsinore, the Colorado River, and the San Jacinto River. Seasonal flooding with the failure of run-off storage reservoirs, canals, and levees could seriously compound the situation, particularly in or near urban population centers. From the time of complete failure to inundation could be as little as 5-to-10 minutes. Portions of Riverside County along the Colorado River corridor could suffer from a catastrophic failure of dams that are located far outside the borders of Riverside County. These dams include Palo Verde Diversion Dam, Headgate Rock Dam, Parker Dam, Davis Dam, and Hoover Dam. If there were a catastrophic dam failure, it is estimated that it would take a minimum of 23 hours before the flood waters reach the City of Blythe. With major disruptions in power and communications systems, a warning may not be received from dam or reservoir sites in time to initiate an organized evacuation or broadcast warnings via emergency radio stations. If a credible prediction is initiated, then preparation for a damaging earthquake could begin and residents and business owners within dam inundation areas could be directed to assembly areas to wait for official word regarding safe re-entry. This method of direction and control could substantially reduce potential loss of life if enough warning were available.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 336 | Section5 x Effects on Agriculture & the Environment can be catastrophic, both for crops, plants and for animals. Loss of property is a real risk, as well.
Risk Assessment Conclusion Although dam failure incidents have not historically been a problem in Riverside County, the County’s location with respect to earthquake fault lines presents the very real danger of dam failure due to quakes. If this were to occur, the effects could be catastrophic. Also, as noted above, seasonal flooding with the failure of run-off storage reservoirs, canals, and levees could seriously compound the risks of dam failure and additional flooding. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Dam failure causes downstream flooding. It may also lead to power failures and disruption of essential services. The secondary effects of dam failure can include the disruption of the local and state economies by damage to buildings and roads, the severance of communications, the disruption of supply and delivery mechanisms, additional welfare, and emergency aid to the recovering economy.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 337 | Section5Table 52: Dams within the County of Riverside Listed Alphabetically by Name Dam
No.
National
ID No. Name Owner County Stream Year Built Capacity Res. Area Drainage Area Crest Elev. (Ac-ft) (Acres) (mi2) (ft)
1003-003
CA00798 Alessandro
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Alessandro Cr 1956 370 17 4.63 1146
1003-007
CA00802 Boxsprings
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Box Springs Cr 1960 405 29 4 1139
35-021 CA01441 Cajalco Creek Metropolitan Water Dist Riverside Cajalco Creek 2001 889 74.4 22.7 1512 87-008 CA01204 Declez Retention
San Bernardino County Flood Control District
Riverside San Sevaine Cr 1984 331 21 10.7 849
35-018 CA01410
Diamond Valley Lake
Metropolitan Water District
Riverside Domenigoni Valley
Cr
2000 800000 4860 13 1769
35-019 CA01413
Diamond Valley Lake Forebay
Metropolitan Water District
Riverside Domenigoni Val Can 1999 500 31 0.13 1497.5
1812-000
CA01302 Dunn Ranch Agri-Empire,A Calif Corp Riverside Hamilton Cr 1987 90 7 0.2 142.5 1003.02 CA10503 Eagle Canyon Debris Basin
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Eagle Canyon 2015 222 7.1 - 405
822-000 CA00767 El Casco Riverside Land
Conservancy
Riverside San Timoteo Creek 1879 143 15 0.09 116
81-000 CA00304
Fairmount Park
City Of Riverside Riverside Santa Ana River 1923 200 40 22 793 827-000 CA00769 Foster Idyllwild
Water District
Riverside Lily Creek 1945 56 6 0.85 5812
35-020 CA01424
Goodhart Canyon Detention Basin
Metropolitan Water Dist
Riverside Goodhart Canyon 1999 1026 98 3.8 1627.2
1003 CA00787
Harrison Street
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Harrison Creek 1954 208 14 2.03 1123.5
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 338 | Section5 35-016 CA01349 Henry J Mills
No 2
Metropolitan Water Dist
Riverside Off stream 1996 92 5 0.1 1651.2
35-014 CA01085 Henry J Mills
Reservoir
Metropolitan Water Dist
Riverside Off stream 1979 83 6 0 1651
35-017 CA01374
H Mills Reclamation
Metropolitan Water District
Riverside Off stream 1996 98 16 0.03 1593
1003-014
CA01212 Jurupa Basin
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Jurupa Wash 1983 167 17 1.69 855
817-000 CA00763 Lake Hemet
Lake Hemet Municipal Water District
Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1895 14000 470 67 4341.5
1003-016
CA01392 Lakeview
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1994 530 39 7.6 1621
818-002 CA00766 Lee Lake
Elsinore Valley Mun Wd
Riverside Temescal Creek 1919 1100 70 53 1153
1003-009
CA01103 Mabey
Canyon
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Mabey Creek 1974 68 5 1.5 1146
1003-011
CA01211 Mary Street
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Alessandro Wash 1981 320 19 6.7 1009
35-000 CA00212 Mathews
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
Riverside Cajalco Creek 1938 182000 2750 40 1404
1003-015
CA01197
Metz Road Debris Basin
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1981 88 20 1 1470.5
81-003 CA00305 Mockingbird
Canyon
City Of Riverside Riverside Mockingbird Can 1914 1250 64 13.13 1015 1003-010
CA01179 Oak Street
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Oak Street Cr 1979 138 36 6.02 1034
1-068 CA00054 Perris
California Department Of Water Resources
Riverside Bernasconi Pass 1973 131452 2340 10 1600
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 339 | Section5 1003-006
CA00801 Pigeon Pass
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Pigeon Pass 1958 900 86 8.71 1702.5
1003-004
CA00799 Prenda
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Prenda Creek 1954 192 15 1.93 1242
829-000 CA00771 Quail Valley Forecast Homes Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1959 103 10 1.6 1490 818-000 CA00765 Railroad Canyon
Elsinore Valley Mun Wd
Riverside San Jacinto River 1928 11586 525 664 1410
35-012 CA00223
Robert A Skinner
Metropolitan Water Dist
Riverside Tucalota Creek 1973 43800 860 51.5 1493
35-015 CA01271
Skinner Clearwell
Metropolitan Water District
Riverside Offstream 1991 356 14 0 1433
1811-000
CA01237 Sunnymead Ranch Sunnymead Ranch Comm
Assoc
Riverside Reche Canyon 1985 400 35 2 1770
1003-005
CA00800 Sycamore
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Sycamore Canyon 1956 860 57 10.7 1013
1003-013
CA01170 Tahchevah
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Tachevah Creek 1964 650 60 3.2 582
1003-012
CA01242 Tahquitz Creek Debris
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Tahquitz Creek 1991 75 5 18 562
2028-000
CA00770 Vail Rancho Calif
Water District
Riverside Temecula Creek 1949 51000 1078 306 1482.6
1003-008
CA00803 Wide Canyon
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside West Wide Canyon 1968 1490 57 33.5 1560
1003-000
CA00796 Woodcrest
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Woodcrest Creek 1954 420 24 5.32 1122.5
The most recent dam built was Eagle Canyon Debris Basin in 2015 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 340 | Section5Descriptions of the dams, their inundation impact on the County, and a delineation of response efforts are outlined in the Flood and Dam Inundation Plan, maintained by Riverside County Transportation and Land Management Agency and on the California Department of Water Resources Division of Safety of Dams website. Source: https://fmds.water.ca.gov/maps/damim/ Continue to the Next Page.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section5 | EMD 5.1.25 341
Map 34: Riverside County Dam Inundation Risks
Source: County of Riverside General Plan
September 28, 2021
https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 342 | Section55.3.16 Aqueduct Failure Severity: 2 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Aqueduct Failure ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition An Aqueducts is an artificial channel to transport water. There are two major Aqueducts that traverse Riverside County:
x California Aqueduct x Colorado River Aqueduct.
The California Aqueduct is a 444-mile long, artificially river shaped facility that is a crucial component of the State Water Project. The California Department of Water Resources states that the Project includes 34 storage facilities, reservoirs and lakes; 20 pumping plants; 4 pumping-generating plants; 5 hydroelectric power plants; and about 701 miles of open canals and pipelines. It travels from Sacramento into San Bernardino County and finally ends in western Riverside County. The East Branch is the portion of the Aqueduct that transports water for storage into Lake Perris. The Colorado River Aqueduct stretches 242 miles across Arizona and California. According to the American Society of Civil Engineers, it consists of more than 90 miles of tunnels, nearly 55 miles of cut-and-cover conduit, almost 30 miles of siphons, and five pumping stations. More than a billion gallons of water travel through it a day. It travels from Arizona into San Bernardino County, enters the eastern portion of Riverside County and travels the length of the County until it ends near the City of Riverside. It was built and is currently maintained by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 343 | Section5Map 35: California Aqueducts Source: 2018 (SHMP) Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 344 | Section5History of Events Riverside County has not experienced a large-scale Aqueduct incident. Risk Assessment An earthquake or landslide could severely damage the two main aqueducts that travel through the county, possibly rendering them out of service. In this event, the water supply to the OA would be greatly affected. Long periods of droughts have been known to damage aqueduct infrastructure. Wells have needed to work harder to pump low levels of water. This has resulted in many irrigation districts to raise the sides of canals to encourage gravitational water flow. However, this tactic can negatively affect bridges. x Effects on people and housing. There is a low impact on housing unless the aqueduct was to flood a residential area. The impact to people can range from minor to disastrous. A failure could greatly impact the County’s water supply leaving the County to source water elsewhere until the damages to the aqueduct can be remedied. It can also impact the economy in the event that crops are damaged, and farmers lose valuable product. If a significant failure were to occur the governing jurisdiction may have a large impact on the public’s confidence to govern following a failure that has extended consequences such as disruption of essential services for extended periods of time. x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. There is a low impact on commercial and industrial structures.
x Effects on infrastructure. There is a low impact on infrastructure. x Effects on agriculture & the environment. In the event of an aqueduct failure crops and dependent plant life could be devastatingly impacted.
Risk Assessment Conclusion This hazard has a low probability but has the potential to have catastrophic impacts to the county. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects An Aqueduct failure could lead to water supply contamination or disruption and flooding. It could also increase the effects of a drought.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 345 | Section55.3.17 Tornado Severity: 2 Probability: 1 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Tornados
¾ Hemet ¾ Perris ¾ Desert Center ¾ Coachella Valley ¾ Mecca ¾ Homeland Hazard Definition Tornados Tornadoes are spawned when there is warm, moist air near the ground, cool air aloft, and winds that speed up and change direction. An obstruction, such as a house, in the path of the wind, causes it to change direction. This change increases pressure on parts of the house, and the combination of increased pressures and fluctuating wind speeds creates stresses that frequently cause structural failures. In order to measure the intensity and wind strength of a tornado, Dr. T. Theodore Fujita developed the Fujita Tornado Damage Scale. This scale compares the estimated wind velocity with the corresponding amount of suspected damage. The scale measures six classifications of tornadoes with increasing magnitude from an “F0” tornado to an “F6+” tornado. Tornados, like those that occur every year in the Midwest and Southeast parts of the United States, are a rare phenomenon in most of California, with most tornado-like activity coming from micro-bursts.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 346 | Section5 The chart below depicts the Fujita Tornado Damage Scale:
Table 53: Fujita Tornado Damage Scale
Scale
Wind
Estimate
(mph)
Typical Damage
F0 < 73
Light damage. Some damage to chimneys and TV antennas; breaks twigs off trees; pushes over shallow-rooted trees.
F1 73-112
Moderate damage. Peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos blown off roads.
F2 113-157
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars overturned; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground.
F3 158-206
Severe damage. Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown.
F4 207-260
Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance; cars thrown, and large missiles generated.
F5 261-318
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and swept away; automobile-sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 meters (109 yds); trees debarked; incredible phenomena will occur.
Source: https://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f-scale.html Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 347 | Section5Microbursts Unlike tornados, microbursts are strong, damaging winds that strike the ground and often give the impression a tornado has struck. They frequently occur during intense thunderstorms. The origin of a microburst is downward moving air from a thunderstorm's core. But unlike a tornado, they affect only a rather small area. University of Chicago storm researcher Dr. Ted Fujita first coined the term “downburst” to describe strong, downdraft winds flowing out of a thunderstorm cell that he believed were responsible for the crash of Eastern Airlines Flight 66 in June of 1975. A downburst is a straight-direction surface wind in excess of 39 mph caused by a smallscale, strong downdraft from the base of convective thundershowers and thunderstorms. In later investigations into the phenomena, he defined two sub-categories of downbursts: the larger macro bursts and small microbursts. Macro bursts are downbursts with winds up to 117 mph that spread across a path greater than 2.5 miles wide at the surface and which last from 5 to 30 minutes. The microburst, on the other hand, is confined to an even smaller area, less than 2.5 miles in diameter from the initial point of downdraft impact. An intense microburst can result in damaging winds near 270 km/hr. (170 mph) and often last for less than five minutes. “Downbursts of all sizes descend from the upper regions of severe thunderstorms when the air accelerates downward through either exceptionally strong evaporative cooling or by very heavy rain which drags dry air down with it. When the rapidly descending air strikes the ground, it spreads outward in all directions, like a fast-running faucet stream hitting the sink bottom. When the microburst wind hits an object on the ground such as a house, garage, or tree, it can flatten the buildings and strip limbs and branches from the tree. After striking the ground, the powerful outward running gust can wreak further havoc along its path. Damage associated with a microburst is often mistaken for the work of a tornado, particularly directly under the microburst. However, damage patterns away from the impact area are characteristic of straight-line winds rather than the twisted pattern of tornado damage.”History The history table demonstrates the number of tornados and microbursts that have occurred in the County.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 348 | Section5Table 54: Historical Tornados Statistics for Riverside Date Force Injuries Death(s) 1955-04-06 0 0 0 1973-08-16 3 0 0 1974-07-20 1 1 0 1978-02-09 3 6 0 1982-01-20 0 0 0 1985-09-18 0 0 0 1991-03-20 0 0 0 1996-12-22 1 0 0 1994-08-12 0 0 0 1998-05-13 0 0 0 2005-01-09 0 0 0 2005-02-19 1 0 0 2005-02-26 0 0 0 2005-07-23 0 0 0 2006-07-23 0 0 0 2008-05-22 0 0 0 2008-05-22 2 1 0 2008-05-22 0 0 0 2008-05-22 0 0 0 2010-01-21 0 0 0 2012-08-12 0 0 0 2012-09-09 0 0 0 2015-04-21 0 0 0 2015-10-17 0 0 0 2015-08-06 1 2 0 2018-08-16 0 0 0 Source: https://countyofriverside.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=0db253f3e83a4c5f9f5ab9577f2dcb49 Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 349 | Section5Map 36: Past Riverside County Tornadoes Riverside County Tornado Tracks and Damage Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 350 | Section5Risk Assessment x Effects on people and housing. Tornadoes are very dangerous and can destroy homes and injure or kill Riverside County residents. The county has been fortunate in the past because we have not experienced loss of life and very few injuries caused by tornadoes or airborne debris. The public’s confidence will be minimally impacted after one of these incidents. x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Industrial structures could house Hazardous Materials that have to potential to be released if the facility is damaged. Workers could be trapped under debris if the tornado hits during business hours. x Effects on infrastructure. Infrastructures could be damaged by high winds at building failure points such as rook joist or wall stud- bottom plate intersections. Flying debris can also cause damages. x Effects on agriculture and the environment. Tornadoes have the power to destroy crops or tools/structures needed by the farmer to tend his crops. It can also lead to the death of livestock. The impact on the environment overall is low.
Risk Assessment Conclusion Riverside County’s “Tornado Alley” spans from the 15 Corridor to desert center and is highly susceptible to microburst and tornados that result in high dollar recovery costs.
While these incidents occur, they are low impact when compared to other natural hazards identified within this plan. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Tornados can destroy critical infrastructure causing disruption in essential services to residents and commercial properties. Widespread damage can also be exacerbated by fires caused from the damage. Tornados can damage critical facilities and devastate homes.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 351 | Section55.3.18 Insect Infestation Severity: 2 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Insect Infestation ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County (Bark Beetle)
• Idyllwild Fire Protection District
(Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine)
• Alvord Unified School District • Cathedral City • City of Banning • City of Blythe • City of Calimesa • City of Canyon Lake • City of Coachella • City of Corona • City of Desert Hot Springs • City of Hemet • City of Indian Wells • City of Indio -- only portions of the city are within the boundaries of the Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area • City of La Quinta • City of Lake Elsinore • City of Moreno Valley – only portions of the city are within the boundaries of the Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area • City of Murrieta • City of Norco • City of Palm Desert -- only portions of the city are within the boundaries of the Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area • City of Palm Springs -- only portions of
the city are within the boundaries of the Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area • City of Perris • City of Rancho Mirage -- only portions of the city are within the boundaries of the Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area • City of Riverside • City of Temecula • Home Gardens County Water District • Idyllwild Water District • Lake Elsinore Unified School District • Menifee Unified School District • Moreno Valley Unified School District
• Rancho California Water District • Riverside Community Hospital • Riverside County Office of Education, Children, and Family Services
• Riverside County Transportation and
Land Management Agency
• Riverside Unified School District • San Gorgonio Pass Water Agency • Valley Sanitation District • Western Municipal Water District Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 352 | Section5Hazard Definition Insect infestation occurs when an undesirable type of insect inhabits an area in a manner that causes serious harm to cash crops, livestock, or poultry; wild land trees, plants, or animals; or humans. Countless insects live on, in, and around plants, animals, and humans in all environments. Many are harmless, while others can cause fatal damage. Under some conditions, insects that have been present and relatively harmless can become hazardous. For example, severe drought conditions can weaken trees and make them more susceptible to destruction from insect attacks. The major forms of insects are:
x Chewing insects are defoliating insects. They generally strip plants of green matter such as leaves. Caterpillars and beetles make up the largest proportion of chewing insects. Under normal conditions, trees can usually bounce back from an attack of these defoliators, though repeat infestation will weaken a tree and can eventually kill it by starving it of energy. x Boring, or tunneling, insects cause damage by boring into the stem, roots, or twigs of a tree. Some lay eggs that then hatch and the larvae burrow more deeply into the wood, blocking off the water-conducting tissues of the tree. Boring insects generally feed on the vascular tissues of the tree. If the infestation is serious, the upper leaves are starved of nutrients and moisture, and the tree can die. Signs of borer infestation include entry/exit holes in the bark, small mounds of sawdust at the base, and sections of the crown wilting and dying. x Sucking insects do their damage by sucking out the liquid from leaves and twigs.
Many sucking insects are relatively immobile, living on the outside of a plant and forming a hard protective outer coating while they feed on the plant’s juices. Quite often they will excrete a sweet, sticky substance known as honeydew which contains unprocessed plant material. Honeydew can cause sooty mold to form on leaves and can become a nuisance. Signs of infestation include scaly formations on branches, dieback of leaves, and honeydew production.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 353 | Section5Table 55: Example Insect Species NAME
AFRICANIZED HONEYBEE
BARK BEETLE
CITRUS LEAFMINER
GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER
GYPSY MOTH
HONEYBEE TRACHEAL MITE
JAPANESE BEETLE
LESSER SNOW SCALE
MAGNOLIA WHITE SCALE
MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY
ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY
RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT
STING NEMATODE
TROPICAL PALM SCALE
VARROA MITE/HONEYBEE
ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID
SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY
POLYPHAGOUS SHOT-HOLE BORER
ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID
GOLDSPOT OAK BORE BEETLE, (GSOB)
PINE BARK BEETLE
SHOT HOLE BORER BEETLE
KUROSHIO SHOT HOLE BORERS
SPOTTED LANTERNFLY
In conjunction with the above outlined problems, insects can carry and spread or vector disease to plants, animals, and people. Definition of Vector Control Vector Control Programs are responsible for providing services that reduce the risk of illness caused by any organism transporting a pathogen. Some examples of these organisms and some of the pathogens they can carry are:
• Mosquito - West Nile Virus, St. Louis Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 354 | Section5 • Rodent Fleas - Plague • Western Black Legged Tick - Lyme Disease • Rodents - Hantavirus Riverside County actually has three vector control agencies. There are two Vector Control Districts and the County Vector Control Program operating through the Department of Environmental Health. The Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District manages these services for a portion of the desert community around the Coachella Valley. The Northwest Mosquito and Vector Control District provides services in the northwest portion of the county. The County Vector Control program covers the unincorporated areas of the County and other areas such as contracted cities that may fall outside of the two other vector district boundaries. History 2020 - The county confirmed that mosquitoes collected from the unincorporated area of Nuevo tested positive for West Nile virus.
2017 - Parts of Riverside County (Moreno Valley, Indio, Rancho Mirage, Palm Desert, Bermuda Dunes, and Palm Springs) were under quarantine by state and federal officials to stop the spread of Red Imported Fire Ants. The quarantine limits the movement of plants and soil and requires commercial nursery growers to take steps to ensure their products are free of Red Imported Fire Ants. It is believed that the infestations in Southern California may stem from the shipment of infested nursery stock from the southeastern states. 2012 - Polyphagous Shot-Hole Borer, an insect pest that attacks over 200 types of agricultural and landscape trees, became widespread in Southern California. By 2015, this insect pest was established in Western Riverside County. This insect pest is detrimental to the avocado industry and landscape ornamental trees in California. 2009 - A portion of Riverside County (Coachella Valley) was placed under quarantine for Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP). In 2011, the quarantine area was expanded to include Western Riverside County. The quarantine limits the movement of nursery stock and citrus from the quarantine area. Growers must take steps to ensure their products are free from ACP prior to movement. 2003 -Governor Gray Davis proclaimed a State of Emergency in Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego Counties where hundreds of thousands of trees were dead and dying after being weakened by drought and attacked by an infestation of bark beetles. Trees on more than 150,000 acres died and an estimated 75,000 Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 355 | Section5 residents were threatened by catastrophic wildfire, injury, and property damage from falling trees. 1999-2000 - an insect-spread disease (Pierce’s Disease spread by Glassy-winged Sharpshooter) caused over $16 million damage to wine grapes in the west County area. Riverside County is under quarantine by state officials to stop the spread of Glassy-winged Sharpshooter and Pierce’s Disease. The quarantine limits the movement of nursery stock, bulk grapes, bulk citrus and requires inspection and certification of these commodities by the local Agricultural Commissioner prior to movement from the infested area. 1991-1994 - Africanized Honeybees entered California near Blythe. Since 1994, they have spread to all counties in Southern California (Imperial, San Diego, Orange, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, and Kern). In 1993-94 and 1990, Med-fly infestations damaged fruit Countywide. In 1991, a whitefly infestation damaged melons, squash, and cucumbers Countywide.
Risk Assessment Riverside County has a demonstrated vulnerability to insect infestation. The climate makes it possible for insects to reproduce with little natural hindrance to their proliferation. Programs for monitoring Encephalitis in Riverside County have been in effect for more than two decades in a cooperative effort with the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), the University of California, the Mosquito and Vector Control Association of California, and the Riverside County Public Health Department. Since its introduction to Southern California in 2003, West Nile Virus surveillance has been a primary focus. This type of surveillance is driven by live mosquito trapping and processing for virus detection. The dead bird surveillance program is also headed up by CDPH where the public can report dead birds via their website (www.westnile.ca.gov) or a telephone hotline (1-877-WNV-BIRD). If CDPH staff determines that a dead bird is deemed acceptable for testing, Vector Control offices are notified for collection and testing. Another aspect of this program consists of sentinel chicken flocks being placed in areas where high populations of Culex tarsalis, the western encephalitis mosquito, are known to exist and where such areas infringe on local communities. Blood samples are sent to the CDPH Viral & Rickettsial Disease Laboratory where they are analyzed for the antibodies to the viruses. All of these disease indicators allow programs to focus their vector control efforts. Since 2006, at least 73 cases of West Nile virus human infections have been reported within Riverside County with ten fatalities. Horses have also been infected and succumbed to this disease.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 356 | Section5In Riverside County, Plague is associated with animal disease outbreaks in populations of California Ground Squirrels. The vector is the Squirrel Flea. In 1979 during a disease outbreak among California ground squirrels in Silent Valley, located south of the City of Banning, a boy contracted Plague. It was properly diagnosed, and he recovered. This incident provided impetus to start the Plague Surveillance Program and eventually establish the County’s Vector Control Program. Over the course of the past several decades surveillance activities have isolated Plague endemic areas in the San Jacinto Mountain range. x Effects on people and housing. In the case of the Bark Beetle, the fire hazard it creates can cause the loss of homes and life as demonstrated in the fall fires of 2003. In the case of certain mosquitoes, West Nile Virus has infected humans and horses. x Effects on agriculture, environment, and commercial and industrial structures. If a given insect is particularly hazardous to forests, crops, or property, it can cost the County millions of dollars in lost revenue and eradication and replacement.
Risk Assessment Conclusion Insect infestation is an ongoing threat to agriculture and public health in Riverside County. The effects on people and property can be disastrous and costly. The County and independent vector control special districts have aggressive programs utilizing:
• Disease surveillance such as certified personnel, insect/rodent traps, lab testing capacities, and Sentinel chicken flocks.
• Vector control equipment and approved pesticides. • Public outreach.
Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects The Bark Beetle infestation is a classic example of cascading effects. The insect killed hundreds of thousands of trees, increasing the wildfire hazard, which resulted in the unfortunate devastation of the fall fires of 2003.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 357 | Section55.3.19 Jail/Prison Event Severity: 2 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Jail or Prison Events ¾ Blythe ¾ Riverside ¾ Norco ¾ Banning ¾ Indio ¾ Murrieta Hazard Definition There are numerous State of California Correctional Institutions and County correctional facilities in Riverside County. Law enforcement is tasked with maintaining order in the facilities and preventing inmates from escaping into the community. Chuckawalla Valley State Prison in Blythe provides long-term housing and services for male felons classified as medium and low-medium custody inmates. Ironwood State Prison in Blythe provides services for minimum and medium custody inmates through academic education, vocational instruction, and support services. The prison also has the Institutional Hearing Program (IHP) which prepares inmates who are illegal immigrants for release to United States Immigration and Naturalization Service custody and the return to their native country. The California Rehabilitation Center (CRC) in Norco is a medium Level II correctional facility and that only accommodates male inmates since April 2007. The CRC inmate population consists of felon commitments as well as Civil Addicts. The California Institution for Woman (CIW) in Chino accommodates all custody levels of female inmates and functions as a reception/processing center for incoming female inmates. In addition to its large general population, CIW houses inmates with special needs such as pregnancy, psychiatric care, methadone, and medical problems such as HIV infection.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 358 | Section5The California Institution for Men in Chino consists of four separate facilities under the administration of one warden. Located three miles south of the city of Chino, the facilities provide housing for minimum through medium custody inmates. The reception centers receive and process newly committed male felons from several southern California counties. The California Youth Authority operates a facility in Chino. While all of these facilities are in the County of San Bernardino, their close proximity to Riverside County and the City of Corona necessitate their inclusion here as facilities of concern to Riverside County. In addition, there are five correctional facilities within the County, namely:
1. Robert Pressley Detention Center 2. Blythe Jail 3. John Benoit Detention Center 4. Cois M. Byrd Detention Center 5. Larry D. Smith Correctional Facility History Historically, the threat to society has been low. Law enforcement has demonstrated an overall capability to maintain the incarcerated population in a manner that does not pose an immediate threat to the general population. Risk Assessment Law enforcement must remain in a state of readiness for any incidents that could precipitate a threatening situation. The passing of Assembly Bill 109 (2011) has shifted state prison populations back into the county jail populations to stop state prison overcrowding. The effects of this change are just now being seen. Time will tell what the overall impact on Riverside County and its citizens will be. Riots within the facilities generally do not pose a direct threat to the public on the outside. Occasionally an inmate has escaped correctional facilities. The danger involved in their escape is predicated on the escapee’s criminal characteristics.Riverside County Regional Medical Center provides medical care to both state and local inmates in an area designated as a prison ward, which could have a severe impact on Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 359 | Section5health care delivery at the facility during and immediately after a prison ward incident. The degree of disruption would, of course, depend on the extent of the incident. x Effects on people and housing. Violent offenders escaping custody in a disaster could lead to residents in surrounding areas being at risk of harm. Risks are high. x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The risks are minimal. x Effects on infrastructure. The risks are minimal. x Effects on agriculture and the environment. The risks are minimal.
Risk Assessment Conclusion Relatively speaking, the risks of jail and prison incidents will remain a minimal threat to the County when compared to other hazards. It is important that law enforcement remains in a state of readiness for any incidents that could precipitate a threatening situation. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects In the event that Interstate 10 becomes damaged, it could affect evaluation routes and essential supplies from getting into the prison or jail. Risks are minimal but have the potential to decrease responder availability during disasters if a facility is damaged. Another possible drain on resources would be in the event of inmate relocation due to damaged facilities or the potential damage to a facility.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 360 | Section55.3.20 Pipeline Disruption Severity:3 Probability: 2 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Pipeline Incidents ¾ Desert Water Agency ¾ Western Municipal Water District ¾ City of Banning ¾ City of Beaumont ¾ City of Corona ¾ City of Palm Springs ¾ City of Temecula ¾ Riverside Community College District
¾ San Gorgonio Memorial Hospital
Hazard Definition There are many pipeline distribution systems that transit Riverside County, including systems for water, natural gas, and petroleum products. Identifying Natural Gas Pipeline Hazards (SHMP) The U.S. is heavily dependent on transmission pipelines to distribute energy and fuel sources. Virtually all-natural gas, which accounts for about 32 percent of the energy consumed annually, is transported by transmission pipelines. Energy demand in the U.S. continues to increase. Although California is a leader in exploring and implementing alternative energy sources such as wind and solar, the expansion of traditional energy sources continues. Increased urbanization is resulting in people living and working close to existing gas transmission pipelines that were placed prior to government agencies adopting and implementing land use and other pipeline safety regulations. Compounding the potential risk is the age and gradual deteriorating of the gas transmission system due to natural causes. Significant failure, including pipe breaks and explosions, can result in loss of life, injury, property damage, and environmental impacts. Causes of and contributors to pipeline failures include construction errors, material defects, internal and external corrosion, operational errors, control system malfunctions, outside force damage, subsidence, and seismicity. Growth in population, urbanization, and land development near transmission pipelines, together with the addition of new facilities to meet new demands, may increase the likelihood of pipeline damage due to human activity and the exposure of people and property to pipeline failures.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 361 | Section5Figure 33: California Gas Lines Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 362 | Section5Figure 33 ContinuedSource: https://energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/Natural_Gas_Pipelines_ADA.pdf Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 363 | Section5Major water conveyance systems consist of the Colorado River Aqueduct operated by Metropolitan Water District (MWD) of Southern California, the California Aqueduct operated by the State Department of Water Resources (DWR), and water distribution lines operated by MWD. A major pipeline carrying natural gas parallels Interstate 10 and Highway 60 throughout the County. This pipeline brings gas from the southwestern states into Southern California. Petroleum products are stored and distributed at many major areas throughout the County. Of particular interest are the aviation fuel tanks and pipelines located at March Air Reserve Base. Although under the control of the U.S. Government, their potential for impact on the surrounding area is of interest to the County. History Riverside County has not experienced a large-scale pipeline disruption. However, there are multiple small incidents on a yearly basis that are handled by the respective resource provider. Risk Assessment A rupture of the main line with a major release could have serious effects in terms of flooding and property damage. A gas line rupture could explode causing serious property damage and loss of life. x Effects on people and housing. The consequences to people and housing from pipeline disruption can range from flooding to explosion, both could be quite severe. This can impact the public’s confidence in the jurisdictions ability to govern following an incident. x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Similarly, the effects on commercial and industrial structures from flooding or explosion could be severe. x Effects on agriculture and the environment. In the same way, the effects on agriculture and the environment from flooding or explosion could be severe.
Risk Assessment Conclusion Pipelines are vulnerable to especially with the possibility of an earthquake, causing significant breakage. The degree of damage county-wide for a given rupture would be minimal, even though there might be significant injuries, loss of life and property in the Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 364 | Section5immediate area of the incident, depending on what kind of pipe ruptures and where the rupture occurs. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Pipeline incidents may lead to flooding, fires and contamination by air, water, and land. Incidents with natural gas or petroleum product pipelines may lead to explosion and fire.5.3.21 Landslide Severity: 3 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Landslide Incidents ¾ Most mountain areas within the County
Hazard Definition Like its earthquake-generating faults, California’s mountainous terrain is also a consequence of dynamic geologic processes in operation as the North American Plate grinds past the Pacific Plate. More than one-third of California is mountainous terrain that generally trends parallel to the coast, forming a barrier that captures moisture from offshore storms originating in the Gulf of Alaska and Mexico. Steep topography, weak rocks, heavy winter rains, and occasional earthquakes all lead to slope failures more frequently than would otherwise occur under gravity alone. A landslide is the breaking away and gravity-driven downward movement of hill slope materials, which can travel at speeds ranging from fractions of an inch per year to tens of miles per hour depending on the slope steepness and water content of the rock/soil mass. Landslides range from the size of an automobile to a mile or more in length and width and, due to their sheer weight and speed, can cause serious damage and loss of life. Their secondary effects can be far reaching; for example, catastrophic flooding can result from the sudden release of river water impounded by landslide debris or slope failure of an earthen dam. Although the area affected by a single landslide is less than that of earthquakes, landslides are pervasive in California’s mountainous terrain and occur far more often, resulting in cumulative losses approaching $200 million in a given year. Average annual landslide losses in California are estimated at about $100 million. Because landslides Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 365 | Section5occur as isolated events in both time and location, and there is presently no systematic means in place for documenting their losses, landslide hazard is often underestimated or goes unrecognized in the policy arena, even though landslides continue to cause millions of dollars in cumulative damage to California’s homes, businesses, and infrastructure.A landslide is a geologic hazard where the force of gravity combines with other factors to cause earth material to move or slide down an incline. Some landslides move slowly and cause damage gradually, whereas others move so rapidly that they can destroy property and take lives suddenly and unexpectedly. Slopes with the greatest potential for sliding are between 34 degrees and 37 degrees. Although steep slopes are commonly present where landslides occur, it is not necessary for the slopes to be long. Landslides, rock falls, and debris flows occur continuously on all slopes; some processes act very slowly, while others occur very suddenly, often with disastrous results. As human populations expand over more of the land surface, these processes become an increasing concern. The most common types of landslides are (U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 2004-3072, July 2004): Slides - Although many types of mass movements are included in the general term "landslide," the more restrictive use of the term refers only to mass movements, where there is a distinct zone of weakness that separates the slide material from the more stable underlying material. Falls - Abrupt movements of masses of geologic materials, such as rocks and boulders that become detached from steep slopes or cliffs. Topples - Toppling failures are distinguished by the forward rotation of a unit or units about some pivotal point, below or low in the unit, under the actions of gravity and forces exerted by adjacent units or by fluids in cracks. Flows – There are five basic categories of flows that differ from one another in fundamental ways. a. Debris flows: A debris flow is a form of rapid mass movement in which a combination of loose soil, rock, organic matter, air, and water mobilize as a slurry that flows downslope. b. Debris avalanche: This is a variety of very rapid to extremely rapid debris flow. c. Earthflow: The slope material liquefies and runs out, forming a bowl or depression at the head. The flow itself is elongate and usually occurs in fine-grained materials Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 366 | Section5 or clay-bearing rocks on moderate slopes and under saturated conditions. However, dry flows of granular material are also possible. d. Mudflow: A mudflow is an earthflow consisting of material that is wet enough to flow rapidly and that contains at least 50 percent sand-, silt-, and clay-sized particles. In some instances, for example in many newspaper reports, mudflows and debris flows are commonly referred to as "mudslides." e. Creep: Creep is the imperceptibly slow, steady, downward movement of slopeforming soil or rock.
Lateral Spreads - Lateral spreads are distinctive because they usually occur on very gentle slopes or flat terrain. The dominant mode of movement is lateral extension accompanied by shear or tensile fractures. The failure is caused by liquefaction, the process whereby saturated, loose, cohesionless sediments (usually sands and silts) are transformed from a solid into a liquefied state. The geologic setting of southern California locally is conducive to slope failures and slopefailure deposits (landslides) that can be a hazard to human life and property. These hazards are created when geologic materials are displaced down a topographic slope under the influence of gravity. Factors that determine slope-failure occurrence include:
1. Slope angle 2. Geologic materials (substrate) 3. Climatic conditions 4. Earthquake shaking 5. Debris Flows Sudden "mudslides" gushing down rain-sodden slopes and gullies are widely recognized by geologists as a hazard to human life and property. Most "mudslides" are localized in small gullies, threatening only those buildings and roadways in their direct path. They can burst out of the soil on almost any rain-saturated hill when rainfall is heavy enough. Often, they occur without warning in localities where they have never been seen before. There are predictable relationships between local geology and landslides, rockfalls and debris flows. Knowledge of these relationships can improve planning and reduce vulnerability. Slope stability is dependent on many factors and their interrelationships, including rock type, pore water pressure, slope steepness, and natural or human-caused undercutting. Slope and geologic conditions are identified in Map 37 & 38.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 367 | Section5Riverside County has a history of landslides during seasons of high precipitation. History January 2023 – Landslides reported in Western Riverside due to an Atmospheric River October 2022- Landslide on Highway 74 in Hemet February 2019 – Mud and debris flows resulting from heavy rains on the Holy Fire Burn Scar around Lake Elsinore November 2018 – Mud and debris flows occurred in the Temescal Valley due to rainstorms July 2017 – Mud and debris Flows resulting from a thunderstorm in Mecca January 2016 – Landslides near Banning resulted from a low 4.3 magnitude earthquake December 2014 – Mud Flow in Gilman Springs, San Jacinto 2002 – Landslide on Highway 60 in San Timoteo Badlands Risk Assessment There is a continuing risk of landslides during seasons of high precipitation. In addition, earthquakes could also cause significant landslides. The County has a great deal of hilly and mountainous terrain increasing the likelihood of a landslide incident. x Effects on people and structures. Landslides constitute a threat to property, road safety, and life. Small landslides would not pose a serious risk. However, there is a possibility that a severe landslide in a populated area could cause significant damage and risk to life. The impact in the public’s confidence in the jurisdictions ability to govern following one of these incidents would be low due to pre identified plans and resources available to the County and OA in these events. x Effects on infrastructure. Landslides can cause disruptions in power supply pipelines, power and telephone poles, and County roads and highways. x Effect on Critical Facilities. An initial review of known landslide locations and the location of critical facilities indicates that there does not appear to be any of these facilities in close proximity to a Landslide Management Zone. x Effects on agriculture & the environment. Similar to the threats to people and structures, small landslides would not pose a serious risk. However, there is the Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 368 | Section5 possibility that a severe landslide could cause significant damage and risk of life to elements of the agricultural industry. The environment could be impacted somewhat due to debris flows however most areas where this is prone to occurring would align with burn scars where the environment has already been impacted. The debris flows would delay the regrowth of local plants.
Risk Assessment Conclusion Landslides are a continuing risk in Riverside County, especially during seasons of high precipitation. History has shown also that many landslides occur in areas where landslides have not been predicted. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects As noted, landslides can be the result of an earthquake or severe weather. The starting mechanism for a landslide will determine some of the cascading events. The end result is if a landslide occurs in a populated area, or area used by people, earth materials can cover or impede the area as described above. If a landslide were to impact power lines or other utility systems a cascading effect could be power, utility or sewer loss.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section5 | EMD 5.1.25 369
Map 7: Riverside County Surface Materials
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section5 | EMD 5.1.25 370
Slope Instability Map Map 8: Riverside County
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 371 | Section55.3.22 Hazardous Materials Incident Severity: 3 Probability: 4 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Hazardous Materials Incidents ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition Hazardous materials (Hazmat), consist of substances that by their nature, lack of containment, and reactivity, have the capability for inflicting harm. Hazmat poses a threat to health and the environment when improperly managed. Hazmat can be toxic, corrosive, flammable, explosive, reactive, an irritant, or a strong sensitizer. Hazmat substances also include certain infectious agents, radiological materials, oxidizers, oil, used oil, petroleum products, and industrial solid waste substances. Hazardous materials can pose a threat where they are manufactured, stored, transported, or used. They are used in almost every manufacturing operation and by retailers, service industries, and homeowners. Hazardous material incidents are one of the most common threats to public health and the environment. Incidents may occur as the result of natural disasters, human error, terrorism, and/or accident. Hazmat incidents typically take five forms:
1. Fixed facility incidents
x Laws require those facilities to notify state and local authorities about what is being used or produced there and incidents with the materials can be planned for.
2. Transportation incidents
x Transportation incidents are more difficult to prepare for because it is impossible to know what material(s) could be involved until an accident occurs.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 372 | Section5
3. Pipeline incidents
x Pipelines carry natural gas and petroleum. Breakages in pipelines carry differing amounts of danger, depending on where and how the break occurs, and what is in the pipe.
4. Terrorism incidents (or suspected Terrorism)
x Intentional acts involving violence and/ or the threat of violence. Similar to transportation incidents, these occurrences are more difficult to prepare for due to unknown locations and substances.
5. Illegal Disposal / Abandonment
x Similar to transportation incidents, these occurrences are more difficult to prepare for due to unknown locations and substances.
History Many forms of hazardous materials are present in both the rural and urban areas of Riverside County. They are present in permanent storage locations, roadway and railway transport mediums, long-distance pipelines, and at various industrial and agricultural application sites. The County’s location, with its rail and highway transportation routes, and various industries, has a growing potential for serious hazardous materials incidents. Interstates 10, 15 and 215, and State Highways 60 and 91 are all heavily traveled by trucks. Those trucks carry a wide variety of hazardous materials including gasoline, corrosives, oxidizers, pesticides, and radioactive materials. The railroad lines traveling throughout the County also carry some extremely hazardous cargoes. Fortunately, the railroads have a good safety record with regard to the transportation of hazardous materials. Traffic on railroads is not as prevalent as on truck routes in Riverside County but poses a much greater problem when an accident is involved due to the volumes of hazardous materials on board. There is a great deal of air traffic along the airways above Riverside County with the March Air Reserve Base Palm Springs International Airport, French Valley Airport, Hemet-Ryan Airport, Riverside Municipal Airport, Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport and Bermuda Dunes Airport all operating within the County. The potential for a hazardous materials incident exists, especially with respect to military operations. There are many pipeline distribution systems that traverse the County. These are discussed in Section 5.3.20.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 373 | Section5Table 56: History of Hazmat Incidents in 2021/2022 The Riverside County Department of Environmental Health Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Program handled over 977 incidents in fiscal year (FY21/22) often in conjunction with Cal Fire countywide except for a few cities that handled Haz Mat incidents within their jurisdiction. The incidents cover all areas described in the definition section.The administering agencies within Riverside County are responsible for the control of fixed hazardous materials facilities, including the Participating Agencies of Riverside Fire Department and Corona Fire Department.
EMD 5.1.25 374 | Section 5Risk Assessment The number of hazardous materials transported over rail and roadways on a daily basis is unknown, but estimated to be steadily increasing as our economy grows. There is the potential for a hazardous materials incident almost anywhere on the numerous highways and roads that crisscross Riverside County. The greatest concern focuses on the 10, 15, 60, 91, and 215 freeways. The most vulnerable areas along these routes are considered to be the on/off ramps and interchanges. A major concern with the trucking industry is the safe operation of their trucks. With the deregulation of the trucking industry, spot checks of trucks in many states, including California, have shown that a large percentage of trucks currently in service are not in safe enough condition to be operated on public highways. Many industries are moving into the County. Many facilities exist today, with more construction forecast. To support these industries, the County is likely to realize a large increase in the transportation of toxic, flammable, and corrosive materials into and out ofthe County. With the increased use of hazardous materials, there is an increased need for safe hazardous waste management and disposal. There will be the increased transportation of hazardous materials waste to proper disposal sites located outside of Riverside County. Illegal dumping and clandestine drug labs are also a hazardous materials problem. Although not exclusive to Riverside County, the County is a target for these activities due to its accessibility in the outlying areas and the open living conditions in the mountain and desert areas. No Class I landfills are operated in Riverside County. Seven Class III landfills are active in Riverside County. All accept only non-hazardous solid wastes and are located in unincorporated areas. Six of these landfills are operated by the Riverside County Waste Resources Department, while one (El Sobrante) is privately owned and operated. The El Sobrante, Badlands, Lamb Canyon, and Blythe landfills currently accept waste from outside of Riverside County. Blythe, however, only takes small loads or may refuse to accept waste because it is a relatively small facility. Hazardous waste generators include food and beverage processors as well as battery, semi- conductor, and metal container manufacturers, as well as automobile repair facilities, munition manufacturers, utility districts, and other industries. Although hazardous waste generators are scattered throughout Riverside County, most of the large generators of hazardous waste are located in the western portion of the County, including in the cities of Corona, Jurupa Valley, Riverside, and Temecula.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 375 | Section 5Nearly all of Riverside County residents have some type of hazardous materials in their homes. Examples include motor oil, paints, cleaners, aerosols, and pesticides. Household hazardous materials pose serious health issues for people who improperly use or dispose of these materials. Adverse environmental impacts can occur when household hazardous materials are disposed of in unlined sanitary landfills, where these materials may leach through the soil and contaminate groundwater. Medical facilities, including clinics, hospitals, professional offices, blood and plasma centers, and medical research facilities generate a wide variety of hazardous substances. These substances may include contaminated medical equipment or supplies, infectious biological matter, prescription medicines, and radioactive materials used in medical procedures. The disposal of medical waste is achieved by on-site autoclaving of redbagged waste (any medical waste that could possibly transmit a pathogen) and subsequently transported to a Class III landfill, or to a permitted incinerator. The Riverside County Department of Environmental Health has regulatory control over the disposal of medical and biological waste. x Effects on people and housing. Historical events in Riverside County have necessitated evacuations when a Hazmat incident occurs. Relative to some of the other natural hazards assessed earlier in this LHMP, the numbers of people affected by Hazmat incidents are usually less. The impact on the public’s confidence in a jurisdictions ability to govern would be minimal. x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. There may be economic consequences due to Hazmat incidents, but the damage is generally limited to clean-up of facilities and grounds, or simply an interruption of business due to evacuation. x Effects on infrastructure. Hazmat incidents involving transportation may result in downed power lines. Also, Hazmat materials may impact waterways and drainage systems, and incidents can lead to the evacuation of schools, business districts, and residential areas. x Effects on agriculture & the environment. As noted previously, there is a long history of agricultural production in Riverside County. Agricultural activities typically include the storage and periodic application of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, as well as the storage and use of toxic fuels and solvents. The infiltration of these substances may leach into local groundwater supplies, presenting an elevated risk of groundwater contamination.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 376 | Section 5Risk Assessment Conclusion Although Hazmat incidents can have serious property damage and even loss of life, Hazmat accidents do not generally affect extremely large areas. Hazmat incidents present a real danger and are highly unpredictable in terms of determining when or where they will occur, but generally do not pose a serious threat to the ability of Riverside County to respond. Reasonable preparation by law enforcement, fire department, and medical community enables the County to deal with the majority of likely events. Many emergency workers prepare for Hazmat events as part of their ongoing training. Agencies and facilities are also routinely equipped to deal with most events that might occur. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Besides the immediate effect of a hazardous materials incident at the scene of the emergency, there are ancillary effects as well. For instance, there may be impacts on waterways and drainage systems, and the evacuation of schools, business districts, and residential areas. Map 39: Hazardous Material Facilities within the OA Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 377 | Section 55.3.23 Water Supply Disruption/Contamination Severity: 2 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Hazardous Materials Incidents ¾ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ¾ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition People exposed to water supply disruption or toxic pollutants caused by contaminations may be threatened by a number of health risks:
x Dehydration, hepatitis, and cancer x Eating contaminated food products, such as fish from contaminated waters; meat, milk, or eggs from animals that fed on contaminated plants; and fruits and vegetables grown in contaminated soil x Drinking water contaminated by toxic pollutants x Ingesting contaminated soil. Young children are especially vulnerable because they often ingest soil from their hands or from objects, they place in their mouths x Touching (making skin contact with) contaminated soil, dust, or water (for example, during recreational use of contaminated water bodies)
Risk Assessment According to the Environmental Protection Agency, there are four major types of drinking water contamination: physical, chemical, biological, and radiological. Physical contaminants primarily impact the physical appearance or other physical properties of water. Examples of physical contaminants are sediment or organic material suspended in the water of lakes, rivers, and streams from soil erosion. Chemical contaminants are elements or compounds. These contaminants may be naturally occurring or human-caused. Examples of chemical contaminants include nitrogen, bleach, salts, pesticides, metals, toxins produced by bacteria, and human or animal drugs.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 378 | Section 5Biological contaminants are organisms in water. They are also referred to as microbes or microbiological contaminants. Examples of biological or microbial contaminants include bacteria, viruses, protozoan, and parasites. Radiological contaminants are chemical elements with an unbalanced number of protons and neutrons resulting in unstable atoms that can emit ionizing radiation. Examples of radiological contaminants include cesium, plutonium, and uranium. Source: https://www.epa.gov/ccl/types-drinking-water-contaminantsGround water contamination is also a major threat because of its use for drinking water and irrigation. Potential groundwater contaminants include storage tanks, septic systems, hazardous waste, landfills, chemicals and road salts, and littering. Map 40: Water Systems in Riverside County Source: waterboards.maps.arcgis.com Map illustrated water systems in Riverside County. Blue stars represent in compliance water systems, red stars are systems out of compliance. x Effects on people and housing. The effect on housing is relatively low, but the effect on people may be devastating. Though the County encourages residents to store at least 72 hours of water for their household, the reality is only a small percentage actual partake in that practice. This means that in the event of disruption or contamination that renders usable water sources limited, people may become dehydrated and suffer from other serious health issues such as cancer. In the event that contamination happens during the summer months when temperatures reach 90-105, the population is at an even higher risk. The impact Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 379 | Section 5 on the public’s confidence in the jurisdictions ability to govern following an incident would be minimal. x Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The effect to structures is relatively low.
x Effects on infrastructure. The effect to structures is relatively low. x Effects on agriculture and the environment. Water contamination could devastate agriculture in Riverside County. The contaminant could be poisonous to crops and livestock. Depending on the level of exposure, entire field could be damaged to the point of total loss. This can impact the Environment overall as pollutants could kill off plants leading to death of animals reliant upon the effected plant life.
History March 2, 2017 – 198 residents were exposed to water contaminated with uranium in the unincorporated area of Pinyon Pines.
Risk Assessment Conclusion Due to high levels of monitoring and preparedness within water agencies, the threat of water contamination is fairly low. However, it could greatly impact the county if it is caused by a cascading event such as an earthquake. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects The loss of water could drastically affect other human-caused and natural hazards. In the event of an earthquake where pipelines are damaged, it could greatly reduce the amount of water available to fight fires. The amount of water available to residents would also be drastically reduced.
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EMD 5.1.25 381 | Section 6
Section 6.0 National Flood Insurance Program Public Law 90-448 of 1968, known as the National Flood Insurance Act, established the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) which provides for federal government underwriting of flood insurance policies sold by private companies. Supported by a national mapping system showing boundaries for 100- and 500-year floodplains, the NFIP encourages local governments to direct development away from floodplain areas or mitigate flood risks through local floodplain management regulations. Through the Community Rating Service (CRS), the NFIP provides for financial incentives in the form of lower insurance rates for local communities encouraging mitigation of flood hazards in a manner parallel to rate incentives related to private fire insurance and enforced by the mortgage industry. The National Flood Insurance Act was modified in 1994 to provide for flood hazard mitigation planning and project grants. The unincorporated community of Riverside County joined the NFIP on April 15, 1980. Currently, unincorporated Riverside County is one of 30 local communities that participate in the NFIP. Please refer to the table on the following page for participating jurisdictions.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 382 | Section 6Table 57: Jurisdictions and Authorities Participating with National Flood Insurance Program
CID COMMUNITY
NAME
INIT FHBM INIT FIRM
IDENTIFIED
CURR EFF MAP DATE
REG-EMER DATE
IDENTIFIED TRIBAL
060763E AGUA CALIENTE
BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS TRIBE
06/21/74 03/02/83 04/19/17 06/21/96 Yes
060246# BANNING 03/15/74 10/17/78 08/28/08 10/17/78 No 060247# BEAUMONT 04/05/74 10/17/78 08/18/14 10/17/78 No 060248# BLYTHE 05/10/74 06/30/76 (NSFHA) 06/30/76 No 060740# CALIMESA - 08/28/08 08/28/08 05/01/91 No 060753E CANYON LAKE - 05/15/80 04/19/17 09/15/98 No 060704# CATHEDRAL CITY - 05/01/85 08/28/08 11/12/82 No 060249H COACHELLA, 05/17/74 09/30/80 03/06/18 03/07/18 (S) No 060250# CORONA 05/24/74 05/15/78 08/28/08 05/15/78 No 060251# DESERT HOT
SPRINGS
05/24/74 04/02/79 08/28/08 04/02/79 No
060155# EASTVALE - 08/28/08 08/28/08 06/05/13 No 060253E HEMET 05/24/74 09/29/78 04/19/17 09/29/78 No 060254E INDIAN WELLS 06/28/74 09/14/79 04/19/17 09/14/79 No 060255E INDIO 05/31/74 09/14/79 03/06/18 09/14/79 No Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 383 | Section 6 060286# JURUPA VALLEY - 08/18/14 08/18/14 09/23/13 No 060709E LA QUINTA - 06/19/85 04/19/17 07/01/85 No 060636E LAKE ELSINORE 06/28/74 09/17/80 04/19/17 09/17/80 No 060176E MENIFEE - 08/28/08 04/19/17- 05/03/12 No 065074# MORENO VALLEY - 06/18/87 08/18/14 06/18/87 No 060751# MURRIETA - 04/15/80 08/28/08 06/09/93 No 060256# NORCO 05/17/74 02/15/79 08/28/08 02/15/79 No 060629E PALM DESERT 06/14/77 04/15/80 04/19/17 04/15/80 No 060257E PALM SPRINGS 06/21/74 03/02/83 04/19/17 03/02/83 No 060258# PERRIS 09/06/74 04/16/79 08/18/14 04/16/79 No 060259E RANCHO MIRAGE - 09/14/79 04/19/17 09/14/79 No 060245E RIVERSIDE COUNTY
- 04/15/80 03/22/22 04/15/80 No
060260# RIVERSIDE 07/19/74 01/06/83 08/28/08 01/06/83 No 065056E SAN JACINTO - 09/28/73 04/19/17 09/28/73 No 060742# TEMECULA - 09/02/93 08/28/08 08/28/91 No 060221# WILDOMAR - 08/28/08 08/28/08 01/20/11 No (E) Indicates Entry in Emergency Program (S) Indicates Suspended Community NSFHA: No Special Flood Hazard Area 6.1 Community Rating System The County of Riverside and all cities within the County participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Riverside County Ordinance NO. 458 Regulating Special Flood Hazard Areas and Implementing the National Flood Insurance Program was last updated on January 25, 2022.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 384 | Section 6Riverside County also participates in the Community Rating System (CRS). The rating system is a voluntary NFIP program that aims to reduce flood damages to insurable property, strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the NFIP, and encourage a comprehensive approach to floodplain management. In addition to the county, several cities participate in CRS including Lake Elsinore, Moreno Valley, Murrieta, and Palm Springs. The most active in the Community Rating System within the County is Riverside County and the City of Palm Springs. Their high scores in the system allow residents within their communities to receive a 20 percent discount on their flood insurance premium which is the highest discount off of flood insurance (Class 6). Table 58: Community Rating System Eligible Communities Community
Number
Community
Name
CRS
Entry
Date
Current
Effective
Date
Current
Class
%
Discount
for SFHA
Status
060245
Riverside
County 10/01/10 04/01/22 6 20 C
060636
Lake
Elsinore 10/01/09 05/01/14 8 10 C
065074
Moreno
Valley 10/01/91 10/01/96 8 10 C
060751 Murrieta 10/01/97 05/01/18 9 5 C 060257
Palm
Springs 10/01/92 05/01/11 6 20 C
Note: SFHA, Special Flood Hazard Areas Source https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema-crs-eligiblecommunities_apr-2022.pdf Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 385 | Section 66.2 Repetitive Loss Properties Areas which have flooded in the past are highly likely to experience recurring flooding. The repetitive nature of flood damage is cause for concern. FEMA, in coordination with the state, identifies California’s top Repetitive Loss (RL) Communities. Riverside County is not a top Repetitive Loss community. Riverside County unincorporated areas only have eleven identified repetitive loss properties. That is an increase of four properties since the 2012 plan. Two of the eleven repetitive loss properties have been mitigated and the Riverside County Flood Control District is investigating ways to mitigate the remaining nine properties so as to avoid future flooding incidents. Options being considered are both structural and non-structural mitigation measures. Table 59: Riverside County Repetitive Loss Properties City Mitigated? Insured? Date of Loss Date of Loss Total Paid LAKE ELSINORE YES NO 02/14/1980 01/05/1979 $91,618.83 LAKE ELSINORE NO NO 12/04/1982 03/15/1980 $21,052.64 LAKE ELSINORE NO NO 04/15/1983 08/11/1980 $ 6,436.09 HEMET YES NO 03/02/1983 09/06/1981 $ 2,684.06 RIPLEY NO NO 09/23/1983 07/23/1983 $ 6,602.15 CORONA NO NO 01/04/1995 12/04/1987 $ 70,282.69 THOUSAND PALMS NO NO 12/22/2010 10/17/2005 $ 26,331.18 THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 02/25/2005 $ 44,272.25THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 12/22/2010 $ 29,896.05THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 12/22/2010 $ 33,345.35 THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 01/22/2010 $ 119,638.09 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 386 | Section 6 This page intentionally left blank.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 387 | Section 7Section 7.0 – Capabilities Assessment 7.1 Regulatory Mitigation Table Table 60: Regulatory Tools Regulatory Tool Yes/No Comments
General Plan Yes General Plan updated 2021Zoning Ordinance Yes Amended through Ordinance No. 348.4978 on January 25, 2022: Providing for Land Use Planning
And Zoning Regulations andRelated Functions of theCounty of Riverside effective 02/24/22 Subdivision Ordinance Yes Amended through Ordinance No. 460.154 on September 19, 2017: Subdivision Regulations Site Plan Review Requirements Yes Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015, Building and Safety Department submission requirements Growth Management Ordinance Yes Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015, Floodplain Ordinance Yes Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015, Riverside County Ordinance No. 458: Regulating Flood Hazards and Implementing the National Flood Insurance Program, last amended 8/28/08 Other special purpose ordinance (storm water, water conservation, wildfire) Yes
Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015, Riverside County Ordinance No. 754: Establishing Stormwater/Urban Runoff Management and Discharge Controls, Ordinance No. 859: The Water Efficient Landscaping Requirements, Ordinance No, 787: Adopting the 2016 California Fire Code as Amended 1/1/17.
Building Code Yes
Riverside County Ordinance 457: Building Codes and Fees, California Building Code, 2022 Fire Department ISO rating Yes Rating: 4 (Under reevaluation, expected update in October 2017) Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 388 | Section 7 Erosion or sediment control program Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015Storm Water Management Program Yes Riverside County Ordinance No. 754: Establishing Stormwater/Urban Runoff Management and Discharge Controls, Riverside County Flood Control Storm Water Protection Program Capital Improvements Plan Yes CIP Budget and proposals updated in November 2015Economic Development Plan Yes Riverside County Economic Development Strategic Action Plan – 2013-2016, Riverside County Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) 2015/2016 Annual Update Local Emergency Operations Plan Yes Riverside County Emergency Operations Plan updated in February 2006Flood Insurance Study or other engineering study for streams Yes County of Riverside Environmental Impact Report No. 521, Section 4.11 March 2014, Riverside County Unincorporated Areas Flood Insurance Study, 2008 Master Drainage Plan Yes
EMD 5.1.25 389 | Section 7
7.2 Administrative/Technical Mitigation Table
Table 61: Administrative/Technical Mitigation Tools
Department/Position Yes/No Personnel/Resources
Agricultural Commissioner’s Office Yes Agricultural Biologist, EOC Responders Assessor’s Office Yes Parcels information, Loss Estimates, Planners
Environmental Health Yes Program Chief, Hazmat and Environmental Specialist, EOC Responder’s
Public Health Yes Nurses, Program Managers, EOC
Responder’s, Behavioral Health programs that provide resources and information for community members and mentally ill individuals.
Emergency Management Department Yes Division Chiefs, Program Coordinators, Emergency Services Coordinators, Administrative Services Personnel Emergency Medical Yes EMS Specialist, Agency Chief, EOC Responder’s
Animal Services Yes Chief Operations, Executive Management, Animal Control Officers, Administrative Personnel, EOC Responder’s, Riverside Emergency Animal Rescue System (R.E.A.R.S.) Riverside County Fire Yes Firefighters I/II, Engineers, Captains, Battalion Chiefs, Division Chiefs, Deputy Chiefs, County Fire Chief, Prevention Specialists, Forester’s, Emergency Services Coordinators, Emergency Services program Supervisor, Deputy Director, Incident Management Teams, AdministrativeServices Personnel Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 390 | Section 7 Flood Control Yes Flood Control Specialist and Managers, Engineers, GIS Specialists, EOC Responders
Sheriff’s Office Yes Sherriff’s Emergency Response Team (SERT) members, EOC Responders
Roads Yes Engineers, EOC Responder’s, Highway
Operations Superintendent
Building and Safety Planning Dept. Yes Planners, Principal Building Inspectors, Engineers, EOC Responders
Geographic Information System Yes GIS Specialist, CIS Supervisors, GIS Analysts, EOC Responders
Information Technology Yes Chief Information Officer, IT Officers, EOC Responders, Communication, Field assets, IT Support
Air Quality Management District Yes Air Monitoring Waste Management Yes Operations Supervisor, Hazardous Waste Supervisor, Specialist, Engineers
Disaster Corps Yes Trained Volunteers, Deployment Capabilities both in the Operational Area and Statewide.
Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services (R.A.C.E.S.)
Yes Radio Operators, EOC Responders
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 391 | Section 77.3 Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities Table 62: Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities
Financial Resources Accessible/Eligible
to Use (Yes/No)
Comments
Community Development Block Grants
Yes Must meet eligibility
requirements
Capital improvements project funding
Yes Funds set aside every
fiscal year for each Board of Supervisor’s district
Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes
Yes With voter approval
Impact fees for new development Yes Planning, Fire, Building & Safety
Incur debt through general obligation bonds
Yes With voter approval
Incur debt through special tax bonds Yes With voter approval Pre-Hazard Mitigation Grants Yes Post-Mitigation Grants Yes Riverside Operational Area
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7.4 Funding Opportunities
Table 63: Grant Funding Opportunities for Mitigation
Purpose Agency Grant Name Contact
Resilience Grant
(BRIC)
U.S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To support states, local communities,
tribes and territories as they undertake
hazard mitigation projects, reducing the
risks they face from disasters and natural
hazards.
FEMA
500 C. Street, SW
Washington, DC 20472
-4621 Phone: (202) 646
www.fema.gov
Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program
U.S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To prevent future losses of lives property
due to disasters; to implement State of
plans; to enable local hazard mitigation
to be implemented mitigation measures
during immediate recovery from a
disaster; and to provide funding for
previously identified mitigation measures
to benefit the disaster area.
FEMA
500 C Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20472
-4621 Phone (202) 646
www.fema.gov
Flood Mitigation Assistance
U.S. Department of (FMA)
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To help States and communities plan
and carry out activities designed to
reduce the risk of flood damage to
structures insurable under the NFIP.
FEMA
500 C Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20472
-4621 Phone (202) 646
www.fema.gov
Riverside Operational Area
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Section 7 | EMD 5.1.25 393
Emergency Management
Performance Grants (EMPG)
U. S. Department of
Homeland Security;
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To encourage the development of
comprehensive emergency management
and to improve s at State and local level
emergency management planning,
on, response and preparedness, mitigati
recovery capabilities.
FEMA
500 C Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20472
-4621 Phone (202) 646
www.fema.gov
Community Development
Grant Program (CDBG)
U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban
Development
To develop viable urban communities by
providing decent housing and a suitable
living environment. Principally for low-toindividuals. moderate income HUD
451 7th Street, S. W.
Washington, DC 20410-
7000
-3587 Phone: (202) 708
www.hud.gov
Public Assistance Program
(PA)
U.S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To provide supplemental assistance to
States, local governments, and certain
private nonprofit organizations to
hardship resulting from / alleviate suffering
major disasters or emergencies declared
by the President. Under Section 406,
Public Assistance funds may be used to
mitigate the impact of future disasters.
FEMA
500 C Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20472
-4621 Phone (202) 646
www.fema.gov
Emergency Watershed
Protection
U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural
Resource
Conservation Service
financial / To provide emergency technical
assistance to install or repair structures
prevent soil that reduce runoff and
erosion to safeguard life and property.
NRCS
PO BOX 2890
Washington, DC 20013
-3527 Phone: (202) 720
www.nrcs.usda.gov
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Land and Water Conservation
Fund Grants
U. S. Department of
the Interior, National
Park Service
To acquire and develop outdoor
recreation areas and facilities for the
general public, to meet current and
future needs.
NPS
PO Box 37217
- Washington DC 20013
7127
-1200 Phone: (202) 565
www.nps.gov
Disaster Mitigation and
Technical Assistance Grants
U.S. Department of
Economic Commerce,
Development
Administration
To help States and localities to develop
and /or implement a variety of disaster
mitigation strategies.
EDA
Herbert C. Hoover Building
Washington, DC 20230
-1222 Phone: (800) 345
www.eda.gov
Watershed Surveys and
Planning
U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural
Resource
Conservation Service
To provide planning assistance to
cal agencies for the Federal, State, and lo
development of coordination water and
related land resources programs in
watersheds and river basins
NRCS
PO Box 2890
Washington, DC 20013
-3527 Phone: (202) 720
www.nrcs.usda.gov
National Earthquake Hazards
Reduction Program (NEHRP)
U.S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To mitigate earthquake losses that can
occur in many parts of the nation
providing earth science data and
assessments essential for warning of
earthquakes, land- imminent damaging
use planning, engineering design, and
emergency preparedness decisions.
FEMA
500 C Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20472
-4621 Phone (202) 646
www.fema.gov
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Section 7 | EMD 5.1.25 395
Assistance to Firefighters
Grant
U. S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Competitively awarded project grants to
provide direct assistance, on a
fire departments for competitive basis, to
the purpose of protecting the health and
safety of the public and firefighting
related - personnel against fire and fire
hazards.
FEMA
500 C Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20472
-4621 Phone (202) 646
www.fema.gov
Fire Management Assistance
Grants
U. S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To provide project grants and the
provision of specialized services for the
nt, and control of mitigation, manageme
fires that would constitute a major
disaster.
FEMA
500 C Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20472
-4621 Phone (202) 646
www.fema.gov
Engineering for Natural
Hazards
National Science
Foundation
Supports fundamental research that
advances knowledge for understanding and
mitigating the impact of natural hazards on
. constructed civil infrastructure
National Science
Foundation
-7024 Phone: (703) 292
https://www.nsf.gov
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 396 | Section 77.5 Mitigation Outreach and Partnerships In addition to the capabilities and funding sources listed in sections 7.1 – 7.4, Riverside County provides training, exercises, workshops and volunteer management to non-profit organizations, faith-based organizations, businesses, and other local municipalities and programs to better accomplish mitigation. Various communities as well as County of Riverside Emergency Management Department provides Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training to the public and county employees. Following a major disaster, first responders who provide fire and medical assistance will not be able to immediately meet all of the demands for their services. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Program provides for community and employee self-sufficiency in order to meet the general public's urgent life-saving and sustenance needs until emergency personnel arrive. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Program educates people about disaster preparedness and trains them in basic response skills, such as fire safety, light search and rescue, and disaster medial operations. CERT members assist their fellow citizens/coworkers in their community or workplace following a disaster. CERT members take an active role in their community by preparing for a disaster, thus reducing their own impact risk.There are various jurisdictions that support CERT Programs within the County, including Riverside County EMD, Beaumont, Corona, Indio, La Quinta, Lake Elsinore, Cathedral City, Moreno Valley, Murrieta, Palm Springs, Perris, Riverside, Temecula, San Jacinto, Menifee, Wildomar, Canyon Lake, Rancho Mirage, Desert Hot Springs, Palm Desert, Blythe and the town of Idyllwild. In addition to the volunteer program, EMD coordinates the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES), a group of licensed radio amateurs who operate during declared emergencies. Once activated by local, county or State jurisdictions, RACES may assist any agency to provide emergency communications support as requested by the County of Riverside. RACES members trains volunteers how to operate amateur radios to mitigate communication failures. RACES members conduct radio tests to ensure critical facilities, including hospitals, maintain redundant communications in case of a failure. The County manages the Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) which coordinates the skills of practicing and retired physicians, nurses and other health professionals as well as other citizens interested in health issues. MRC focuses on these specific personnel who are eager to volunteer in order to address their community's ongoing public health needs and to help their community during large-scale emergency situations. MRC volunteers may also serve a vital role by assisting their communities with ongoing public Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 397 | Section 7health needs through public awareness of disease outbreaks, immunizations, screenings, health and nutrition education and volunteering in community health centers and local hospitals. EMD joins forces with the Riverside University Health System – Public Health (RUHSPH) by providing a flu clinic for community members to receive their flu shot free of charge. This clinic provides a means for the County to mitigate pandemic flu as a hazard by vaccinating more people, reducing the impact or risk of a pandemic flu outbreak. EMD coordinates with RUHS-PH, the Riverside Emergency Medical Services Agency (REMSA), hospitals, local health care facilities, and other disciplines to develop the annual Statewide Medical Health Exercise (SWMHE). Each year the state selects a scenario focusing on testing objectives designed to improve understanding of response procedures, building collaborative relationships, and identify areas of improvement. The SWMHE plays a critical role in the on-going support to Public Health and Medical preparedness and mitigation efforts by local, regional, and State agencies. Participation in the exercise allows hospitals, ambulance providers, law enforcement, and fire to test and validate policies, plans, procedures, training, equipment, and agreements. In addition, it helps clarify and train personnel in roles and responsibilities, improve interagency coordination, identify gaps in resources and response plans, strengthen relationships among all participating agencies, meet various requirements from regulatory and accreditation agencies. EMD provides a Healthcare Operations Decontamination (HCO-D) course to train hospital staff and county first responders to improve their abilities, mitigating hazmat incidents. This course allows healthcare workers to improve their response capabilities, reducing the impact of the hazmat incident on patients, community members and their facilities. Workshops and trainings on plan developing are offered by EMD staff to assist jurisdictions create plans that can address mitigation actions for affecting hazards. For example, Point of Dispensing (POD) trainings and workshops are provided to cities and other disciplines in Riverside County to allow them to be prepared and diminish the effect of a disease outbreak. With the help of EMD, the jurisdictions can create an approved plan that will list some of the actions they have or would like to have in place to prevent their community members from being affected by emerging / re-emergency infectious diseases. EMD administers the Hospital Preparedness Program (HPP) grant. The grant provides funds to purchase emergency equipment, ensuring hospitals, clinics, and long-term facilities throughout the county are equipped with the proper supplies to help prevent and Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 398 | Section 7mitigate the effects of disasters. The grant also funds training for healthcare workers to increase their skills and abilities in mitigating hazards. Citizen Corps Councils have additionally been established in the Temecula, Lake Elsinore, Wildomar and Jurupa Valley. These provide a cadre of credentialed volunteers for the jurisdiction to utilize during a disaster response. Riverside County has an established General Plan that was updated and adopted in December 2021. According to the County’s Transportation & Land Management Agency (TLMA), the plan is designed to ensure that the County retains its core identity by guiding future growth. This growth should respect the diversity of the region and configure development in relation to the land it occupies and ensures that its various parts relate. Itis the County's over-arching policy to document for land use matters. It also determines housing needs, need for roads, and locations for commercial and industrial use will be better suited throughout the County for the next 20 years and beyond. The overall implementation process of the MJLHMP can be supported by the General Plan through the incorporation of mitigation actions, goals, or polices. The Zoning Ordinance for Riverside County administers the County’s General Plan. TLMA states that while the General Plan identifies land use designations in the long-term, the Zoning Ordinance identifies specific and immediate uses for land. The General Plan’s successful implementation can only occur if the County of Riverside Zoning Ordinance is updated and consistent with the plan as state law mandates General Plan-Zoning consistency and is able to implement the long-term intent of the Plan. Implementation of mitigation actions that include improving structures can be accomplished by adopting them into this Ordinance. The Subdivision Ordinance for Riverside County is mandated by State law to conduct a local approval of land subdivision via the Subdivision Map Act. TLMA implies that local review of proposed subdivisions and parcel maps includes assessment of consistency with, and implementation of, the County’s General Plan. This ordinance can have the ability to support the implementation of mitigation objectives and policies stated in the MJLHMP. 7.5.1 Opportunities for Enhancement to Capabilities The 2021 MJLHMP update provided the County and the participating jurisdictions an opportunity to review and update the capabilities currently in place to mitigate hazards. This also provided an opportunity to identify where capabilities could be improved or enhanced. Specific opportunities include:
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 399 | Section 7Safety Plan Update: Riverside County should pursue AB2104 compliance. AB 2140 was passed in 2006, this legislation allows California counties and cities to adopt their current, FEMA-approved local hazard mitigation plans (LHMPs) into the Safety Element of their General Plans. This adoption makes the county eligible to be considered for part or all of its local-share costs on eligible Public Assistance funding to be provided by the state through the California Disaster Assistance Act (CDAA). While Riverside County does identify the MJLHMP within the General Plan Safety Element, the county should incorporate the 2023 MJLHMP to become eligible for CDAA funding in the event of a disaster; this process also ensures further consistency of each plan and provides an opportunity to reference the MJLHMP and enhance the capabilities for implementation of goals and objectives of each plan. A comprehensive update of the Safety Element to include hazards and mitigation strategies addressed in the MJLHMP update will align and integrate the general plan.Safety Plan Outreach: Riverside County sees opportunity to increase OA emergency manager awareness of the General Plan Safety Element to enhance an understanding of potential impacts from hazards and further develop applicable plans to incorporate all efforts to mitigate threats within the County. Specific actions to improve this include:
x Expanding knowledge of the MJLHMP and the General Plan Safety Element to the OA jurisdictional Emergency Managers and County departments who have responsibilities tied to public safety and community development. x Further developing relationships with public safety and community development representatives to create an improved multijurisdictional approach to hazard mitigation. x Hold additional working sessions with the County Planning Department, the MLJHMP Steering Committee and the Emergency Management Department during updates to the General Planning Safety Element to ensure the capabilities and hazards are addressed effectively.
Training: Provide training opportunities to help inform County staff and OA jurisdictional representatives on how best to integrate hazard information and mitigation projects into their programs. Riverside County has identified an Integrated Preparedness Plan which will incorporates multiple jurisdictions. There are also several financial resources that the County could leverage in the future for funding mitigation training efforts. County EMD staff can attend additional workshops and training regarding grant funding application process and how to develop successful grant applications under applicable hazard mitigation grants. Understanding the types of projects that can be funded, and the components of a successful application will enhance the chances of a successful grant award.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 400 | Section 7Hazard Assessment and Project Development Tool Training and Technical Assistance: Providing technical assistance and training for hazard assessment tools and mitigation project development tools such as HAZUS and a Business Cost Analysis (BCA) will allow the County and OA Jurisdictions to improve hazard mitigation overall. County subject matter experts are available to discuss these topics so the OA can improve on these efforts by expanding the number of trained staff within the County. Hazard Mitigation Specialist: The County could appoint or assign someone in EMD to oversee hazard mitigation grant opportunities. This could be a follow-up goal to the Cal OES grant training. This specialist can notify the County departments and OA jurisdictions of upcoming grant cycles, and support tracking and completing the Notice of Intent (NOI) applications, grant applications, and final grant management reporting requirements. Related financial opportunities for enhancement should include applying for HMA grants, such as BRIC and HMGP funding as it becomes available. The Hazard Mitigation Specialist should also focus on funding mitigation actions that mitigate critical infrastructure, provide protection for those most vulnerable in the community, address climate change, public health hazards, extreme heat, flooding, other climate-related hazards and needed and related climate adaptation strategies. Improvement Outreach to disadvantaged communities: The county recently hired additional Emergency Services Coordinators (ESC) with specific tasks of improving community outreach. These ESCs can improve Hazard Mitigation Awareness in targeted communities of the County that are identified as vulnerable or disadvantaged in the Healthy Places Index (HPI) created by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California. These communities may necessitate more targeted outreach and engagement. Efforts to improve this could include:
x Establishment of focus groups composed for community members identified in the HPI to advise on mitigation efforts and provide feedback on future plan revisions. x Additional integration with Community Based Organizations and Faith Based programs that serve those HPI disadvantaged communities to create hazard mitigation awareness. x Participation at additional community events within disadvantaged communities to educate the public and solicit public feedback on projects/future plan revisions.
Increased public enrollment of AlertRivCo: Alert RivCo allows emergency managers and public safety-first responders to rapidly alert and warn the public in the event of emergencies. Increasing the public’s awareness in the Alert RivCo through the use of Outreach ESC’s and improving the enrollment process for this system will enhance the Counties ability to reach a larger population in the event of an emergency.
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Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 402 | Section 8Section 8.0 – Goals and Strategies 8.1 Goals and Objectives Goal 1: Reduce Loss of Life and Injuries Objective 1.1: Provide timely notification and direction to the public in preparation for imminent and potential hazards.
Objective 1.2: Protect public health and safety through mitigation, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the effects of natural, technological or human-caused disasters.
Objective 1.3: Reduce hazard impacts and protect life, property and the environment from damages.
Objective 1.4: Improve understanding of the type, location and effects of hazards and vulnerabilities, as well as measures needed to protect life.
Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.1: Encourage new development to occur in locations that avoid or minimize exposure to hazards. Continue to utilize County Ordinance 458, in concerns to NFIP and flood hazard areas and County Ordinance 460, in concerns to land use.
Objective 2.2: Reduce hazard related property losses by enforcing strong building codes.
Objective 2.3: Reduce repetitive losses for fire, flood, and earthquakes by encouraging protective measures and by anticipating future events.
Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities and services through the implementation of low-cost mitigation strategies.
Objective 2.5: Continue to strengthen land use regulations in high hazard areas.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 403 | Section 8Goal 3: Protect the Environment Objective 3.1: Mitigate the impact of recurring drought conditions that impact both ground water supply and the agricultural industry.
Objective 3.2: Reduce hazards that adversely impact habitats, especially in regions with endangered species.
Goal 4: Maintain Coordination of Disaster Planning and Integrated Public Policy Objective 4.1: Incorporate changes within Cal OES and FEMA that may affect public policy and planning.
Objective 4.2: Incorporate mitigation related activities into other disaster planning mechanisms, such as the Riverside County General Plan and Capital Improvement Plan.
Goal 5: Improve Community and Agency Awareness
Objective 5.1: Increase public threat awareness in concerns to the nature and extent of hazards they may be exposed to and where they can occur.
Objective 5.2: Improve mitigation and hazard related outreach to businesses, county departments, and stakeholders to increase their understanding of the threats within the county and actions they can take to reduce those hazard impacts.
8.2 Prioritizing Strategies For the 2023 MJLHMP, the County assessed each strategy based on the goals and objectives in the MJLHMP and the General Plan. The process used by the County to prioritize goals and their respective objectives consisted of an evaluation of the hazards and their threat from the 2023 LHMP reviewing any events that occurred 2017 to 2023 and evaluating these against potential impacts. The participating Cities and Special Districts have identified their mitigation strategies in their stand-alone Annexes that are specific to their area of authority or jurisdiction. 8.3 Future and Current Mitigation Strategies The Riverside County General Plan, adopted in December 2021, includes the following policies and recommendations for new construction and proposals in Safety Element 4:
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 404 | Section 8Earthquake Hazards: S 2.1 * Minimize fault rupture hazards through enforcement of Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act provisions and the following: (AI 80, 91, 152). a) Require geologic studies or analyses for critical structures, lifelines, highoccupancy, schools, and high-risk structures, within 0.5 miles of all Quaternary to historic faults shown on the Earthquake Fault Studies Zones map. The County geologist shall review and make recommendations based on the results to reduce the potential risk. County of Riverside General Plan S-10 September 28, 2021 b) Request geologic trenching studies within all designated Earthquake Fault Studies Zones, unless adequate evidence, as determined by the Riverside County Geologist, is accepted. The County of Riverside may request geologic trenching of nonzoned faults for especially critical or vulnerable structures or lifelines. c) Require that infrastructure systems, such as energy, communications, and transportation infrastructure be designed to resist, without failure to the extent feasible, their crossing of a fault, should fault rupture occur. d) Support efforts by the California Department of Conservation, California Geological Survey, to develop geologic and engineering solutions in areas of ground deformation due to faulting and seismic activity, in those areas where a fault cannot be reliably located. e) Encourage and support efforts by the geologic research community to define better the locations and risks of Riverside County faults. Such efforts could include data sharing and database development with regional entities, other local governments, private organizations, utility agencies or companies, and local universities. Flood Hazards: S 3.1 * All residential, commercial, and industrial structures should be flood-proofed, to the maximum extent possible and as required by law, from the mapped 100-year storm flow, or to an appropriate level determined by site-specific hydrological studies for areas not mapped by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. This may require that the finished floor elevation be constructed at such a height as to meet this requirement. Nonresidential (commercial or industrial) structures may be allowed with a “flood-proofed” finished floor below the Base Flood Elevation (i.e., 100- year flood surface) to the extent permitted by state, federal, and local regulations. New critical facilities should be constructed above-grade to the satisfaction of the Building Official, based on federal, state, or other reliable hydrologic studies. Residential commercial, and industrial structures shall meet these standards as a condition of approval. (AI 25, 59, 60, 88) Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 405 | Section 8S 3.2 * Agricultural, recreational, or other low-intensity uses may be allowable within a 100-year floodplain if flood control and groundwater recharge functions are maintained. (AI 25, 59, 60) S 3.3 * Prohibit alteration of floodways and channelization unless alternative methods of flood control are not technically feasible or alternative methods are used to the maximum extent practicable. The intent is to balance floodway protection with prudent land use solutions, recreational needs, and habitat requirements, and as applicable to provide incentives for natural watercourse preservation. (AI 25, 59, 60) a) Prohibit the construction, location, or substantial improvement of structures in areas designated as floodways, except upon approval of a plan which provides that the proposed development will not result in any significant increase in flood levels during the occurrence of a 100-year flood discharge. b) Prohibit the filling or grading of land for nonagricultural purposes and for non-authorized flood control purposes in areas designated as floodways, except upon approval of a plan which provides that the proposed development will not result in any significant increase in flood levels during the occurrence of a 100-year flood discharge. County of Riverside General Plan S-14 September 28, 2021 S 3.4 * Prohibit substantial modification to watercourses, unless the modification does not adversely affect adjacent wetlands or riparian habitat or become detrimental to adjacent property as a result of increased erosion, sedimentation, or water velocity. Substantial modifications to watercourses shall be done in the least environmentally damaging manner practicable and shall restore natural conditions to the greatest extent possible, to maintain adequate wildlife corridors and linkages and maximize groundwater recharge. (AI 25, 59, 60, 61) S 3.5 * Development within the floodway fringe should only be allowed if the proposed structures can be adequately flood-proofed and will not contribute to property damage or risks to public safety, as required by law. Such developments shall be required to be capable of withstanding flooding and minimize the use of fill. Compatible uses shall not, however, obstruct flows or adversely affect upstream or downstream properties with increased velocities, erosion backwater effects, or concentrations of flows. (AI 25, 59, 60, 61) S 3.6 * All projects in unincorporated Riverside County should address and mitigate where applicable, adverse impacts to the carrying capacity of local and regional storm drain systems.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 406 | Section 8S 3.7 Collaborate with neighboring jurisdictions to mitigate the impacts of new development in unincorporated Riverside County that could increase runoff onto parcels downstream in a neighboring jurisdiction and encourage neighboring jurisdictions to require development occurring adjacent to the county to consider the impact of flooding and flood-control measures on properties within unincorporated Riverside County. (AI 62) S 3.8 * Update stormwater infrastructure design requirements as needed to maintain consistency with federal, state, and local regulatory requirements. (AI 25) S 3.9 * Ensure that new development projects and retrofits to existing large-scale projects incorporate design strategies and features to reduce the area of impervious surfaces. (AI 4, 25, 100, 101, 156) S 3.10 Collaborate with the Rancho California Municipal Water District, Eastern Municipal Water District, and other dam owners to maintain all dams in Riverside County to a high degree of structural stability.
S 3.11 Consider identifying areas of poor drainage and installing new or upgrade existing drainage systems to accommodate drainage needs. Use natural infrastructure to the extent possible. (AI 148) Fire Hazards: S 4.1 * All development and construction within Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall be reviewed by the Riverside County Fire Department and Building and Safety Department for consistency with the following requirements before the issuance of any building permits: (AI 25, 81.1, 81.2, 104.1) a) All proposed development and construction shall meet minimum state, county, and local standards and other legal requirements for fire safety, as defined in the Riverside County Building or Fire Codes, or by County zoning, or as dictated by the Building Official or the Transportation Land Management Agency, based on building type, design, occupancy, and use. b) In addition to the standards and guidelines of the California Building Code, California Fire Code, the Riverside County Code of Ordinances, Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations, and other appropriate fire safety provisions, developments shall incorporate additional standards for high-risk, highoccupancy, and dependent facilities where appropriate under the Riverside County Fire Code (Ordinance No. 787) Ordinance. These shall include assurance that structural and nonstructural architectural elements of the building will not impede Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 407 | Section 8 emergency egress for fire safety staffing/personnel, equipment, and apparatus; nor hinder evacuation from fire, including potential blockage of stairways or fire doors. c) Proposed development and construction in Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall provide secondary public access, in accordance with Riverside County ordinances, where required. There shall be multiple points of ingress and egress that allow for emergency response vehicle access. Points of access shall also include visible street addresses and signs and sufficient water supplies, infrastructure for structural fire suppression, and other applicable local and state requirements. d) Proposed development and construction in Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall use single loaded roads to enhance fuel modification areas, unless otherwise determined by the Riverside County Fire Chief. e) Proposed development and construction in Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall provide a defensible space or fuel modification zones to be located, designed, constructed, and maintained to provide adequate defensibility from wildfires. f) Prior to the approval of all parcel maps and tentative maps, the County shall require, as a condition of approval and as feasible and appropriate, the developer meet or exceed the State Responsibility Area Fire Safe Regulations and the Fire Hazard Reduction Around Buildings and Structures Regulations, particularly those regarding road standards for ingress, egress, and fire equipment access (see Gov. Code, Section 66474.02.) g) Proposed development and construction of more than four residential units or more than 10,000 square feet of nonresidential space located in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones, or other appropriate zones as determined by the Riverside County Fire Department, shall submit and implement a fire protection plan as feasible and appropriate. This plan shall include provisions for roadways and access, firefighting infrastructure, signage, vegetation management, construction materials, and evacuations. County of Riverside General Plan S-18 September 28, 2021 S 4.2 Require continued long-term operation and maintenance of fuel breaks, brush management, controlled burning, revegetation, and fire roads by Riverside County and private landowners. (AI 25) S 4.3 Monitor fire-prevention measures (e.g., fuel reduction) through a site-specific fireprevention plan to reduce long-term fire risks in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones. (AI 25, 88)
S 4.4 * Discourage development and activities in areas with limited water and access roads, unless adequate measures are implemented. (AI 60) Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 408 | Section 8S 4.5 * Require proposed development in High or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones be located where fire and emergency services are available or will be constructed as part of the proposed development activities, to the extent such locations are available. These services should meet the minimum response times as established by the Riverside County Fire Department. (AI 60, 61) S 4.6 * Request that conceptual landscaping plans for development in Fire Hazard Severity Zones be reviewed by TLMA and Fire Department prior to the issuance of development permits. The conceptual landscaping plan of the proposed development should, at a minimum, include: (AI 25) a) Plant palette suitable for high fire hazard areas to reduce the risk of fire hazards. b) Retention of existing natural vegetation to the maximum extent feasible. c) Removal of on-site combustible plants.
S 4.7 * Site design for development in Fire Hazard Severity Zones should be required to account for topographical conditions and reduce the increased risk for sites located near ridgelines, plateau escarpments, saddles, hillsides, peaks, or other areas where the terrain or topography affect its susceptibility to wildfires by: (AI 60, 81.2, 91) a) Providing fuel modification zones with removal of combustible vegetation while minimizing visual impacts and limiting soil erosion. b) Replacing combustible vegetation with fire resistant vegetation to stabilize slopes. c) Submitting topographic map with site-specific slope analysis. d) Submitting erosion and sedimentation control plans. e) Providing a setback from the edge of the fuel modification zones as deemed appropriate by the Fire Department. f) Minimizing disturbance of 25 percent or greater natural slopes. g) Or enacting other efforts as appropriate to provide comparable protection.
S 4.8 * Locate new critical public facilities outside of High or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones or other areas facing elevated risk of wildfire events. Critical facilities include emergency shelters, emergency command and communication facilities, and hospital and healthcare centers. If no feasible alternative site exists, ensure that these facilities incorporate all necessary protections to allow them to continue to serve community needs during and after disaster events. (AI 25, 60) County of Riverside General Plan September 28, 2021, S-19 S 4.9 * Site all new public facilities in areas outside of identified fire hazard severity zones and wildland urban interface or fire threat areas, as feasible. (AI 60) Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 409 | Section 8 S 4.10 * Establish neighborhood and building design standards that minimize fire hazards in high fire hazard severity zones, as feasible.
S 4.11 Collaborate with local governments to establish fire fuel management practices in local and regional parks and open spaces, as feasible
S 4.12 Identify existing public and private roadways in fire hazard areas not in compliance with contemporary fire-safe standards, including road standards, vegetation clearance, and other requirements of Sections 1273 and 1274 of the California Code of Regulations to the extent resources are available. Work at retrofitting County-owned roadways as needed to meet current standards and require private property owners to do the same, to the extent feasible and given the absence of other site constraints. (AI 25, 81.1, 88, 101, 148, 156) S 4.13 Use ongoing brush clearance fire inspections to educate homeowners on fire prevention tips by implementing annual countywide weed abatement program. (AI 25, 96, 97) S 4.14 Coordinate with local fire agencies to develop high-visibility fire prevention programs, including those offering voluntary home inspections and promoting awareness of home fire prevention measures. (AI 96, 97, 98) General and LongRange Fire Safety Planning S 4.15 * Seek to conduct and implement long-range fire safety planning, including stringent building, fire, subdivision, and municipal code standards, improved infrastructure, and improved mutual aid agreements with the private and public sector. (AI 88, 93) S 4.16 Continue to work cooperatively with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection and Tribal government fire departments to strengthen fire-fighting capabilities and successfully respond to multiple fires. (AI 4, 88, 150) S 4.17 Consider developing a program to use existing reservoirs, tanks, and water wells in the county for emergency fire suppression water sources. County of Riverside General Plan S-20 September 28, 2021 S 4.18 When updating the Safety Element, the Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, or at other times as appropriate, review inter-jurisdictional fire response agreements and improve firefighting resources as recommended in the Riverside County Fire Department Fire Protection Plan and Emergency Medical Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 410 | Section 8 Services (EMS) Strategic Master Plan. Ensure that fire response agreements and firefighting resources are able to meet current and future needs, including increased demand from new development and changing fire regimes. Ensure that: (AI 4, AI 88, 104, 104.1): • Fire reporting and response times do not exceed the goals listed in the Riverside County Fire Department Fire Protection Plan and EMS Strategic Master Plan identified for each of the development densities described in these plans. • Fire flow requirements (e.g., water for fire protection) are consistent with Riverside County Ordinance 787, including requirements for fire hydrant size and outlets, sprinklers, and other water supply needs. • The planned deployment and height of aerial ladders and other specialized equipment and apparatus are sufficient for future development types. • County firefighting agencies have access to water supplies that are regular, reliable, and sufficient to meet long-term needs, including accounting for changes in water supply availability.
S 4.19 Continue to use the Riverside County Fire Department Fire Protection Plan and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Strategic Master Plan as the foundational document to implement the Safety Element’s goals and objectives. (AI 59, 60, 104.1, 104.4) S 4.20 * Encourage property owners to use clustering and Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) program when developing lands within Fire Hazard Severity Zones, as appropriate, by: (AI 59, 61) • Exploring restricting the development of a property through placement of conservation easement. • Considering acquiring the conservation easements similar to that of the Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP).
S 4.21 Identify, map, and update Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps on an as-needed continual basis. (AI 25, 91)
S 4.22 Ensure that the Riverside County Fire Department has appropriate municipal staffing and Office of the Fire Marshall staff to address development pressure and adequately respond to expected future fire protection needs. (AI 59) S 4.23 * Implement a coordination program with fire protection and emergency service providers to reassess fire hazards after wildfire events and adjust fire prevention and suppression needs, including needs for new or revised development and reconstruction standards. (AI 104.6) Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 411 | Section 8 S 4.24 Implement a regional coordination program to increase support for coordination among fire protection and emergency service providers. County of Riverside General Plan September 28, 2021, S-21 S 4.25 Implement a long-term fire protection training and education program for government agencies and communities. (AI 93)
S 4.26 Require as feasible automatic natural gas shutoff earthquake sensors in highoccupancy industrial and commercial facilities and encourage these sensors for all residences.
Wind Hazards: S 3.11 Require studies that address the potential of this hazard on proposed development within “High” and “Very High” wind erosion hazard zones as shown on Figure S-8, Wind Erosion Susceptibility Map.
S 3.12 Include a disclosure about wind erosion susceptibility on property title for those properties located within “High” and “Very High” wind erosion hazard zones as shown on Figure S-8, Wind Erosion Susceptibility Map.
S 3.13 Require buildings to be designed to resist wind loads. S 3.14 Educate builders about the wind environment and encourage them to design projects accordingly
8.4 On-going Mitigation Strategies 8.4.1 Earthquake Strategies Retrofitting Against Earthquake: Earthquake retrofitting measures include removing masonry overhangs that will fall onto the street during shaking. Bracing the building provides structural stability but can be very expensive. Less expensive approaches may be more cost effective for an area like that faces a relatively low earthquake threat. These include tying down appliances, water heaters, bookcases and fragile furniture so they won’t fall over during a quake and installing flexible utility connections that will not break when shaken.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 412 | Section 88.4.2 Flood Strategies Generally, natural, human-caused, and technological hazards impact people and improved property the most. Vacant space may incur damages as well, but the threat to life and property is greatly decreased. In some cases, properties can be modified so the hazard does not reach the damage-prone improvements. Flooding is the one of those hazards that can be kept away from a structure. There are five common methods to do this:
x Retrofit the building x Create a barrier between the building and the source of flooding x Move the building out of the flood-prone area x Elevate the building above the flood level x Demolish the building Retrofitting Against Flooding: Flood retrofitting measures include dry flood proofing where all areas below the flood protection level are made watertight. Walls are coated with waterproofing compounds or plastic sheeting. Openings (doors, windows, and vents) are closed, either permanently, with removable shields, or with sandbags. Dry flood proofing of new and existing nonresidential buildings in the regulatory floodplain is permitted under State, FEMA and local regulations. Dry flood proofing of existing residential buildings in the floodplain is also permitted as long as the building is not substantially damaged or being substantially improved. Owners of buildings located outside the regulatory floodplain can always use dry flood proofing techniques. The alternative to dry flood proofing is wet flood proofing: water is let in and everything that could be damaged by a flood is removed or elevated above the flood level. Structural components below the flood level are replaced with materials that are not subject to water damage. This is the approach used for the first floor of the elevated homes. For example, concrete block walls are used instead of wooden studs and gypsum wallboard. The furnace, water heater, and laundry facilities are permanently relocated to a higher floor. Where the flooding is not deep, these appliances can be raised on blocks or platforms. Barriers: An effective way of keeping flood water away from a structure is to construct a barrier. This barrier can be built of dirt or soil, berms, concrete, steel, a floodwall or through a simple sand-bagging operation. In areas subject to flash flooding, deep waters, or other high hazard, relocation and evacuation is often the only safe and responsible approach.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 413 | Section 8Careful design is needed so as not to create flooding or drainage problems on neighboring properties. Depending on how porous the ground is, if floodwaters will stay up for more than an hour or two, the design needs to account for leaks, seepage of water underneath, and rainwater that falls inside the perimeter. This is usually done with a sump and/or drain to collect the internal groundwater and surface water and a pump and pipe to pump the internal drainage over the barrier. Barriers can only be built so high. They can be overtopped by higher-than-expected flood waters. Barriers made of earth are susceptible to erosion from rain and floodwaters if not properly sloped, covered with grass, and maintained. A berm can settle over time, lowering its protection level. A floodwall can crack, weaken, and lose its watertight seal. Therefore, barriers need careful design and maintenance (and insurance on the building, in case of failure). Relocation: Moving a structure to higher ground is the surest and safest way to protect it from flooding. While almost any building can be moved, the cost goes up for heavier structures, such as those with exterior brick and stone walls, and for large or irregularly shaped buildings. However, experienced building movers can handle most job. In areas subject to flash flooding, deep waters, or other high hazard, relocation is often the only safe approach. Relocation is also preferred for large lots that include buildable areas outside the floodplain or where the owner has a new flood-free lot (or portion of the existing lot) available. Elevation: Raising a building above the flood level can be almost as effective as moving it out of the floodplain. Water flows under the building, causing little or no damage to the structure or its contents. Raising a building above the flood level is cheaper than moving it and can be less disruptive to a neighborhood. Elevation has proven to be an acceptable and reasonable means of complying with floodplain regulations that require new, substantially improved, and substantially damaged buildings to be elevated above the base flood elevation. One concern with elevation is that it may expose the structure to greater impacts from other hazards. If not braced and anchored properly, an elevated building may have less resistance to the shaking of an earthquake and the pressures of high winds.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 414 | Section 8Demolition: Some buildings, especially heavily damaged or repetitively flooded ones, are not worth the expense to protect them from future damage. It is cheaper to demolish them and either replace them with new, flood protected structures (“pilot reconstruction”), or relocate the occupants to a safer site. Demolition is also appropriate for buildings that are difficult to move—such as larger, slab foundation, or masonry structures—and for dilapidated structures that are not worth protecting. Generally, demolition projects are undertaken by a government agency, so the cost is not borne by the property owner, and the land is converted to public open space use, such as a park. One potential problem is sometimes an acquisition and demolition project is a “checkerboard” pattern in which nonadjacent properties are acquired. This can occur when some owners, especially those who have and prefer a waterfront location, prove reluctant to leave. Creating such an acquisition pattern in a community simply adds to the maintenance costs that taxpayers must support. 8.4.3 Fire Strategies Wildfire: One way to lessen the threat of a fire is by keeping fuel away from buildings. This is called the concept of “defensible space.” Defensible space involves providing sufficient space between the structure and flammable vegetation. Within this space, the fire service has room to battle the wildfire before it reaches the structure or to stop a structural fire before it ignites the wildland vegetation. With sufficient defensible space, the structure even has a chance to survive on its own when fire service personnel and equipment are not available, as often happens during a significant wildfire. The 2003 Fire Siege was perhaps the worst fire disaster in Southern California history. The firestorm that raged through the region consisted of 14 major fires that quickly exhausted resources and lasted for multiple weeks. The lessons from that fire season served as a warning for everyone living in areas prone to fire danger and resulted in stronger fire prevention and mitigation efforts. In January 2005 a new state law became effective that extended the defensible space clearance around homes and structures from 30 feet to 100 feet. Proper clearance to 100 feet dramatically increases the chance of your house surviving a wildfire. This defensible space also provides for firefighter safety when protecting homes during a wildland fire. Riverside County Ordinance No. 859 Water Efficient Landscape Requirements mentions the use of defensible space and avoiding the use of fire-prone plant materials. Ordinance Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 415 | Section 8No. 695 Abatement of Hazardous Vegetation effective July 16, 2009, states “a one hundred (100) foot wide strip of land around structure(s) located on an adjacent improved parcel.”Riverside County has a Fire Protection contract with Cal Fire and utilizes many of their materials to educate individuals on why they should maintain a proper defensible space. Public Fire Education: Family Escape Plan: In a County as fire prone as Riverside, you can never be too fire safe. Throughout Southern California, wildfire danger is a year-around threat. The goal is to make each and every home more fire safe. Residents are asked to make sure they have a fire escape plan, and that they practice what to do in an emergency. Smoke Alarms: Over ninety-three percent of all homes in the United States have at least one smoke alarm. The bad news is that one third of them are not working. The County encourages residents to make sure their smoke alarms are operating correctly by testing them regularly. 8.4.4 All Hazard Strategies Facility Audits: Audit recommendations should provide information that can identify measures for protecting the property from hazards. Property protection measures and approaches can include the following:
x Modify the site to keep the hazard from reaching the building x Modify the building so it can withstand the impacts of the hazard x Insure the property owner receives the opportunity for financial relief after the damage has occurred, this is usually received under the owner’s insurance policies or technical and financial assistance can be provided by a government agency x Burying utility lines is a retrofitting measure that addresses earthquakes, winds from tornadoes, thunderstorms, and the ice that accompanies winter storms. x Installing or incorporating backup power supplies minimizes the effects of power losses caused by downed lines.
x Roofs can be replaced with materials less susceptible to damage by hazards, such as modified asphalt or formed steel shingles and other fireproof materials Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 416 | Section 8 x Wildfire mitigation in residential properties can include installing spark arrestors on chimneys.
x Winter storm retrofitting measures include improving insulation on older buildings, relocating water lines from outside walls to interior spaces, and insulating water lines in crawlspaces and under elevated buildings. x Windows can be sealed or covered with an extra layer of glass (storm windows) or plastic sheeting.
8.5 Mitigation Actions
The Agency Inventory Document and Mitigation Strategies and Actions were used by the County and each participating city and districts to review the possible mitigation actions that would be appropriate for each jurisdiction. This is based on how the Riverside County planning area can reduce the vulnerability of people, property, infrastructure, natural, and cultural resources to future disaster losses. Only those actions where the County is the lead jurisdiction are detailed further in Section 4.3. Actions specific to other participating jurisdictions are detailed in the jurisdictional annexes. It is important to note that Riverside County and the participating jurisdictions have numerous existing, detailed action descriptions, which include benefit-cost estimates, in other planning documents, such as the General Plan, community wildfire protection plans and capital improvement budgets and reports. These actions are part of this plan, and the details, to avoid duplication, should be referenced in their original source annex / LHMP. The Riverside County planning area also realizes that new needs and priorities may arise resulting from a disaster or other circumstances and reserves the right to support new actions, as necessary conforming with the overall goals of this plan.
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Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 418 | Section 9Section 9.0 Plan Implementation and Maintenance Process Implementation and maintenance of the plan is critical to the overall success of hazard mitigation planning. This section provides an overview of the overall strategy for plan implementation and maintenance. It also outlines the method and proposed schedule for monitoring, updating, and evaluating the plan. The chapter will discusses incorporating the plan into existing planning mechanisms and how to address continued public involvement. 9.1 Implementation The Riverside County Operational Area Multi-Jurisdiction Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is a partnership between the jurisdictions involved. Implementation prioritization is determined during the planning process and after taking funding into consideration. Economic constraints make low or no-cost actions most easily accomplished in plan implementation. A highly effective and low-cost implementation mechanism is the incorporation of our hazard mitigation plan recommendations into Operational Area and other planning efforts discussed in more detail below. Another strategy is for participating jurisdictions to assimilate mitigation strategies into their day-to-day functions and priorities. This effort will be achieved by monitoring agenda, attending stakeholder meetings, and review of programs and policies for coordination and opportunities to implement mitigation strategies. Riverside County Operational Area will also monitor funding opportunities to facilitate the implementation of more costly recommended actions. The County will assist in the identification of specialized pre- and post- disaster funds, state and federal earmarked funds, and other grant programs for opportunities to implement mitigation actions and identified projects. The primary duty of the participating jurisdictions is to participate in reporting to their community governing boards and the public on the status of their plan implantation and mitigation opportunities and keep the County of Riverside EMD updated of changes to the status of their recommended actions or priorities. The primary duty of the County will be to promote mitigation action funding opportunities, organize Steering Committee Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 419 | Section 9meetings for plan evaluation and potential updates on a yearly basis and post any relevant information on the County website and others as appropriate. 9.2 Role of MJLHMP Steering Committee With the adoption of this plan, the participating jurisdictions will be responsible for the plan implementation and maintenance. The participating jurisdictions, led by County of Riverside Emergency Management Department will work to maintain a MJLHMP Steering Committee to:
x Disseminate hazard mitigation activities and opportunities to all participants; x Encourage the implementation of high-priority, low-cost mitigation actions; x Monitor and identify cost-share and funding opportunities to support the community and recommended actions;
x Monitor and assist in implementation and evaluate updates of this plan; x Support and assist jurisdictions not included in the Multi-Jurisdictional Plan to develop their own local hazard mitigation plans;
x Report on plan progress and changes to participating jurisdictions.
9.3 Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms Incorporation of the hazard mitigation plan recommendations into other County and jurisdictional plans and policies is part of our implementation plan. Where possible the planning team will use existing plans and/or programs to implement hazard mitigation actions. This plan should also be cross-referenced when related planning mechanisms are updated. Mitigation is most successful when it is incorporated into the day-to-day functions and priorities of government and development. As described in this plan’s capability assessment and jurisdictional annexes, the County and participating jurisdictions already implement policies and programs to reduce losses to life and property from hazards. This plan builds upon the momentum developed through previous and related planning efforts and mitigation programs and recommends implementing actions, where possible, through these other program mechanisms.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 420 | Section 9Plans include:
x County and City General Plans x County and City Emergency Operations Plans x County and City Ordinances x Flood and Storm-water Management Master Plans x Wildfire Protection Plans x Capital Improvement Plans and Budgets x Other plans and policies outlined in the capability assessments in the jurisdictional annexes
x Other plans, regulation, and practices with a mitigation focus The Mitigation Planning Team involved in the updates to the planning mechanisms will be responsible for integrating the findings and recommendations of this plan with these other plans, programs, etc., as appropriate. As an action step to ensure integration with other planning mechanisms, an EMD designee will discuss this topic at the Operational Areas Planning Committee (OAPC) and/or Disaster Councils annually. The designee will discuss where there are opportunities to incorporate the plan into other planning mechanisms and who would be responsible for leveraging those opportunities. Jurisdictions participating in this plan will work with their Planning Committees to integrate their identified mitigation actions into their local plans and programs. Efforts to integrate the LHMP into local plans, programs, and policies will be reported on at OAPC annually. Efforts should continuously be made to monitor the progress of mitigation actions integrated into other planning mechanisms and, where appropriate, their priority actions should be incorporated into updates of this hazard mitigation plan. The process for incorporation of the 2018 MJLHMP into specific existing planning mechanisms include identifying hazards, goals, and strategies from the MJLHMP into the following documents:
x The Riverside County Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan x The County of Riverside Emergency Management Department Strategic Plan x The County of Riverside Emergency Management Department Program Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP) Plan
x The Riverside County General Plan Safety Element x The County of Riverside Operational Area Recovery Plan Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 421 | Section 99.4 Maintenance Updates and Record of Changes Plan maintenance will be an annual process by both the County and participating jurisdictions to monitor and evaluate the plans’ implementation and to update the plan as progress, changes in actions or priorities, or changing circumstances are recognized. The County will notify Cal OES and FEMA with plan updates to ensure they have the most current version of a participating jurisdiction’s plan. County of Riverside Emergency Management Department, Planning Division, is responsible for initiating plan reviews, consulting and organizing a Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee Meeting and facilitating coordination with participating jurisdictions. In order to evaluate progress and update mitigation strategies, the County of Riverside EMD and the participating jurisdictions will review the plan annually and/or following a declared emergency or disaster. County of Riverside EMD and participating jurisdictions will submit a five-year written update to Cal OES and FEMA Region IX, unless disaster or other circumstance (e.g., changing regulations) require a change to this schedule. A record of changes is included in this plan. See chart following the Update Process at end of the section. Maintenance Evaluation Process The yearly review of the plan will be presented and discussed at the Operational Area Planning Committee and/or the Disaster Council Meeting. The assessment will address:
x The goals and objectives and expected conditions such as the nature, magnitude, and/or type of risks have changed
x EMD report on any resources needed/changes to resources to implement the plan
x The EMD report will address the changes needed to implement the plan due to technical, political, legal, or coordination issues x A report on the progress on mitigation actions
Update Process Update strategies will be consistent with FEMA and CalOES requirements. Updates to this plan will:
x Consider changes in vulnerability due to action implementation; x Document and highlight instances where mitigation efforts have proven effective;
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 422 | Section 9 x Document new hazards and identify any hazards that were previously overlooked;
x Incorporate any new data or studies on identified hazards and risks; x Incorporate growth and development-related changes to infrastructure inventories; and
x Incorporate any new action recommendations or changes in action or risk prioritization.
County of Riverside Emergency Management Department, Planning Division, will conduct a plan update at least 18 months prior to plan expiration. In addition, Riverside County EMD will seek grant funding to support the coordination and development of the plan update. After plan adoption, the MJLHMP Steering Committee in coordination with the EMD Planning team will conduct an annual review of the plan, identifying any sections in the plan that will require further updates. The sections identified for revision will be included in the next MJLHMP update. The EMD Planning team can hold additional meetings throughout the five-year cycle to address plan reviews and updates. Changes will be made to the plan to accommodate for actions that are no longer relevant due to shifting agendas, funding or no longer considered feasible. Record of Changes Chart DATE DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE NAME 8/7/23 Update contact information Brian MacGavin 8/7/23 Correct typos and formatting issues Brian MacGavin 4/28/25 Rankings and contact information changed, mitigation actions table updated
Branden Boyd
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Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 424 | Section 1010.0 Continued Public Involvement The Riverside County Operational Area Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan update process has provided an opportunity to solicit participation from new and existing stakeholders, publicize successful mitigation strategies and actions, and seek public comments. The County will continue its efforts to involve the public during the annual maintenance process and after any major events that lead to revisions in the plan. The Riverside County Emergency Management Department and participating jurisdictions will be responsible for facilitating continued public and stakeholder involvement for their plan updates. They will do this through input from the Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee, public outreach meetings, web and social media postings, press releases and public hearings for the plan’s maintenance. There are also opportunities for participating jurisdictions to obtain and share information with their stakeholders by participating in the Operational Area Planning Committee and the Disaster Council meetings.
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Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 426 | Appendix AAPPENDIX A – Resolution Draft Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 427 | Appendix A EMD 5.1.25 428 | Section 7
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Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 429 | Appendix BAPPENDIX B – Participating Jurisdictions Contact Information Provided Upon Request Continue to Next Page.
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EMD 5.1.25 578 | Appendix C
APPENDIX C – Public Outreach Presentations and Meetings Because many meetings were held virtually supporting documentation will be provided upon request.
Continue to Next Page.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 579 | Appendix CPublic Outreach Outreach Presentations and Updates
Meetings listed here were open to and attended by the public Date Name of Meeting Type of Presentation 1/13/2022 Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) Meeting
Informed OA on upcoming plan to update
1/27/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Managers Association (RCEMA)
MJLHMP status update
3/24/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update 4/13/2022 OA Steering Committee Review of hazards, goals, objectives and strategies 5/12/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 5/26/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update 6/15/2022 OA Update Kickoff Meeting LHMP discussion, Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update process, encouraged participation and Public Outreach
7/28/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update 8/3/2022 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Update mitigation strategies and finalize hazard profile definitions
8/17/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements and timelines
8/18/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Management Health Care Coalition (RCEMHCC)
MJLHMP status update and outreach for participation
8/24/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements timeline 10/5/2022 OA MJHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting 11/3/2022 Operational Area Planning
Committee (OAPC) & Disaster Council Meeting
MJLHMP status update
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 580 | Appendix C 11/10/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 1/4/2023 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting 1/12/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 3/9/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 3/23/2023 OAPC MJLHMP status update 4/3/2023 OA MJHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines MLHMP & LHMP status updates Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 581 | Appendix CPlanning Process Participation by Jurisdiction Cities/ Districts
Agency Type Point of Contact
Planning Participant
Annex
Status
Kickoff
Mtg
Attended
Workshop
Attended
Email
Commu
nication
Phone/Zo
om/ in
person
Communi
cation
Planning Process Activities
Beaumont Unified School District
School District/ Education
Serenity Junge, Dir. of Risk Mgmt Yes Submitted 6/15/22 City of Banning City
Matthew Hamner, Chief of Police Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Beaumont City
Adrian Cardenas, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Blythe City
Kelly Thomas, CSO Yes Submitted
12/19/2
2 City of Calimesa City
Bonnie Johnson, City Manager Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Coachella City
MC Aguirre, ESC Yes Submitted 8/24/22
City of Corona City
Gina M McGough, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Desert Hot Springs City
Doria Wilms, Deputy City Manager Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 City of Eastvale City
Eva Terekhova, Em. Mgmt. Spec. Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/17/22 City of Hemet City Robert Gomez, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/17/22 City of Indian Wells City Michael Ornelas, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Jurupa Valley City
David French, Public Works Op. Mgr Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 City of La Quinta City
Dana Lagunas, Sr. Em. Mgmt. Coord. Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 City of Lake Elsinore City Rick DeSantiago, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 City of Menifee City Vanessa Barerra, EMA Yes See App. J 6/15/22
City of Moreno Valley City
Raquel Ortega, Sr. Admin Asst. Yes Submitted 8/17/22
City of Murrieta City
Rachel Hollinger, Dis. Prep. Coord. Yes Submitted 6/15/22 Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 582 | Appendix C City of Norco City Jeff Veik, Fire Chief Yes Submitted 6/15/22 City of Palm Desert City Michael Ornelas, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Palm Springs City
Daniel Deselms, EMC Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Perris City
David Martinez, Fire Marshall Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Rancho Mirage City Brian Kephart, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 City of San Jacinto City Caleb Hargis, Mgmt. Analyst Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 City of Temecula City
Mikel Alford, Emergency Manager Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Wildomar City
Daniel Torres, Comm. Svcs. Director Yes Submitted 6/15/22 Hemet USD
Special District/ Healthcare
Lucy Dressel, Safety, Risk Mgr Ben. Dir. Yes Submitted 6/15/22 Imperial Irrigation District Utilities
Robert Placido, ESC II Yes Submitted 6/15/22
Morongo Band of Mission Indians Tribe
David Ellsworth, EOC Manager Yes Submitted 7/14/22
Perris Union High School District
Special District/ Healthcare
Judy Miller, Dir. of Risk Mgmt Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 Rancho California Water District Utilities
Tom Marcoux, Safety and Risk Mgr Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 Riverside County Office of Education
County/ Education
Michael D'Amico, Safety/Em. Prep Yes Submitted 8/17/22
San Jacinto Unified School District
School District/ Education
Dawn Lawrence, Safety Officer Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Canyon Lake City
Mike Borja, Admin. Services Manager Yes
Submissio
n Pending 1/10/23 2/7/23 ip
City of Indio City
Dennis Day, EOC Mgr Yes
Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22
City of Riverside City Mike Annas, EOC Yes
Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22 8/17/22
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 583 | Appendix C Desert Healthcare District & Foundation
Special District/ Healthcare
Chris Christensen, Chief Admin Officer Yes
Submissio
n Pending
3/3/233/6/233/7/23
3/3/23 ph
3/13/23 zm 3/21/23 zm
Idyllwild Fire District Fire District Mark LaMont, Chief Yes Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22 8/24/22
Moreno Valley Unified School District
Special District/ Healthcare
Julissa Barragan, Secretary III Yes
Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Cathedral City
Craig Sanborn, Battalion Chief Yes
Dropped
Out 3/22
Metropolitan Water District Utilities
Ian White, Em. Mgmt Program Mgr Yes N/A 8/24/22
Pechanga Tribe Edward Chacon Yes
Dropped
Out 6/15/22
29 Palms Tribe Ana Gutierrez Yes Submitted 5/15/22 8/24/22 Coachella Valley Water District Utilities Greg Papazian Yes Dropped
Out 6/15/22 8/24/22
Riverside County Flood Control/Water
County/ Special District Guirguis, Iad Yes
County
Dept N/A 6/15/22
Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribe
Samantha Byrd, ESC No N/A
Desert Sands Unified
School District/ Education
Eduard Nacua, Director of Safety No N/A
Eastern Municipal WD Utilities
Zuzzette Bricker, Tech Insul. Em. Mgmt No N/A
Kaiser Hospital Riverside
Special District/ Healthcare
Corrie Sankey, Dir. Env. Health Svcs. No N/A
Lake Elsinore USD
Special District/ Healthcare
James Judziewicz, Risk Sup. No N/A
March AFB
Special District
Marvin Tucker, Chief Em. Mgmt. No N/A
Ramona Band of Indians Tribe
J Gomez, Project Mgr No N/A
Riverside Community College District
Special District/ Healthcare
Tu Beiwei, Dir. Of Risk Mgmt No N/A
EMD 5.1.25 578
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Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 753 | Appendix DAPPENDIX D – Inventory Template
RIVERSIDE COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION AGENCY
2023 INVENTORY WORKSHEETS
Insert Jurisdiction/Agency Name
Insert Date
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 754 | Appendix DIntroduction: The completed documents will be reviewed by a planning team to determine their compliance with Cal OES and FEMA requirements. The Participation by a wide range of stakeholders in identifying and implementing mitigation actions is required. SPECIAL CONCERNS: Has the completed Letter of Commitment been returned to EMD? EMD must forward this completed Letter of Commitment to CAL OES.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Appendix E Section:
Local Jurisdiction Contact Information…………………………………....Section 1 Hazard Identification Questionnaire………………………………………Section 2 Specific Hazards Summary………………………………………………. Section 3 Jurisdiction Vulnerability Worksheet………………………………………Section 4 Jurisdiction Mitigation Strategies and Goals…………………………….Section 5 Local Jurisdiction Proposed Mitigation Action & Strategy Proposal…...Section 6 Local Jurisdiction Development Trends………………………………….Section 7 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Tool……………………………….Section 8 The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Tool is used by Cal OES and FEMA to verify all required information is in the submitted. Please refer to the document for information.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 755 | Appendix D SECTION 1. LOCAL JURISDICTION CONTACT INFORMATION The information on this page identifies:
x Jurisdiction and the contact person x Jurisdiction's service area size and population x EOP Plan and a Safety Element of their General Plan PLEASE PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:
Agency/Jurisdiction: Type Agency/Jurisdiction: Contact Person: Title: First Name: Last Name: Agency Address: Street:
City: State: Zip:
Contact Phone FAX E-mail Population Served Square Miles Served Does your organization have a general plan? Does your organization have a safety component to the general plan? What year was your plan last updated? Does your organization have a disaster/emergency operations plan? What year was your plan last updated? Do you have a recovery annex or section in your plan? Do you have a terrorism/WMD annex or section in your plan? Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 756 | Appendix DSECTION 2. Hazard Identification Questionnaire The purpose of the questionnaire is to help identify the hazards within your service area. The list was developed from the first round of meetings with the various working groups in the 2012 plan creation, and from the hazards listed in the County's General Plan. Each hazard is discussed in detail in the 2012 LHMP. The information will be used as the basis for each jurisdiction to evaluate its capabilities, determine its needs, and to assist in developing goals and strategies. The information identifies:
a) What hazards can be identified within or adjacent to the service area of the jurisdiction.
b) Which of those hazards have had reoccurring events? c) What specific hazards and risks are considered by the jurisdiction to be a threat specifically to the jurisdiction? ( These locations should be identified by name and location for inclusion in the Specific Hazard Summary Table). a. Specific types of facilities owned and operated by the jurisdiction. b. Locations damaged from prior disasters or hazard causing events. d) Information about the jurisdiction's EOC
With your Multi-Disciplinary Planning Team:
a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions, with your planning team: Review your old Questionnaire for accuracy and relevance, mark changes. b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts, with your planning team, meet and go over the questionnaire. Fill in YES, NO or NA on the Questionnaire.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 757 | Appendix D DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE:
AIRPORT IN JURISDICTION AIRPORT NEXT TO JURISDICTION DAIRY INDUSTRY POULTRY INDUSTRY CROPS/ORCHARDS DAMS IN JURISDICTION DAMS NEXT TO JURISDICTION LAKE/RESERVOIR IN JURISDICTION LAKE/RESERVOIR NEAR JURISDICTION JURISDICTION IN FLOOD PLAIN CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL EARTHQUAKE FAULTS IN JURISDICTION EARTHQUAKE FAULTS NEXT TO JURISDICTION MOBILE HOME PARKS NON-REINFORCED FREEWAY BRIDGES NON-REINFORCED BRIDGES BRIDGES IN FLOOD PLAIN BRIDGES OVER OR ACROSS RIVER/STREAM ROADWAY CROSSING RIVER/STREAM NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS FREEWAY/MAJOR HIGHWAY IN JURISDICTION FREEWAY/MAJOR HIGHWAY NEXT TO JURISDICTION FOREST AREA IN JURISDICTION FOREST AREA NEXT TO JURISDICTION WITHIN THE 50 MILES SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINES IN JURISDICTION MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINES NEXT TO JURISDICTION RAILROAD TRACKS IN JURISDICTION RAILROAD TRACKS NEXT TO JURISDICTION HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITIES IN JURISDICTION HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITIES NEXT TO JURISDICTION HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITIES IN JURISDICTION HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITIES NEXT TO JURISDICTION
DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION OWN OR OPERATE A FACILITY
IN A FLOOD PLAIN NEAR FLOOD PLAIN NEAR RAILROAD TRACKS NEAR A DAM UPSTREAM FROM A DAM DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM DOWNSTREAM OF A LAKE DOWNSTREAM FROM A RESERVOIR NEAR A CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL NEAR UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL ON AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT NEAR AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT WITHIN THE 50 MILE SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE IN A FOREST AREA NEAR A FOREST AREA Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 758 | Appendix D
NEAR A MAJOR HIGHWAY A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY NEAR A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY NEAR A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE NEAR A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE ANY LOCATIONS THAT:
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY EARTHQUAKE AND NOT REPAIRED HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FLOOD HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FLOOD MORE THAN ONCE HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FOREST FIRE HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FOREST FIRE MORE THAN ONCE HAVE BEEN IMPACTED BY A TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENT HAVE BEEN IMPACTED BY A PIPELINE EVENT
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS INFORMATION
DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE AN EOC IS YOUR EOC LOCATED IN A FLOOD PLAIN NEAR FLOOD PLAIN NEAR RAILROAD TRACKS NEAR A DAM UPSTREAM FROM A DAM DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM DOWNSTREAM OF A LAKE DOWNSTREAM FROM A RESERVOIR NEAR A CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL NEAR UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL ON AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT NEAR AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT WITHIN THE 50 MILE SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE IN A FOREST AREA NEAR A FOREST AREA NEAR A MAJOR HIGHWAY A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY NEAR A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY NEAR A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE NEAR A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE
OTHER FACILITY INFORMATION
ARE THERE LOCATIONS WITHIN YOUR JURISDICTION THAT:
COULD BE CONSIDERED A TERRORIST TARGET COULD BE CONSIDERED A BIO-HAZARD RISK With your planning team, list the “Yes” answers and discuss. Use the information as a group to summarize your jurisdiction’s hazards and vulnerabilities.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Appendix D EMD 5.1.25 733 |
SECTION 3. SPECIFIC HAZARDS SUMMARY
table helps to identify the information (name, owner, location, etc.) about the specific hazards identified in the This Questionnaire. Hazard
Identification jurisdiction in the Hazard hazards identified by the of the Summary Table, list the basic information In the maps, as a potential threat. These specific hazards were used in the development of response plans, Questionnaire other analysis data. and
planning team, review the “Yes” answers Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your a. Instructions for Updating erence from the 2018. arize why there is a diff and see if there were any changes, if so, summ planning team, review the “Yes” answers and Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your b. Instructions for New your jurisdiction’s hazards and vulnerabilities. discuss. Use the information as a group to summarize
SPECIFIC HAZARDS SUMMARY
Adjacent to In Jurisdiction? Hazard Name Hazard Type Jurisdiction Jurisdiction?
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Appendix D EMD 5.1.25 734 |
SECTION 4. JURISDICTION VULNERABILITY WORKSHEET
cur in their ipants were asked to evaluate the potential for an event to oc This table is a listing of the primary hazards identified. Partic jurisdiction by hazard and the potential impact on the following:
1. Public (loss of life and injuries)
2. Responders
3. Continuity of operations for continued delivery of services
4. Property, facilities, and infrastructure
5. Environment
6. Economic condition of the jurisdiction
7. Ability to recover from the event and return to normal daily activities
8. Public confidence in the jurisdiction’s governance
ing a scale of between 0 and 4 (4 being the most severe). The The jurisdictions were asked to rate the potential and severity us to overall threat relate to their jurisdiction from 1 to 20 (1 being the highest jurisdictions were also asked to rank the listed hazards as they their jurisdiction).
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Appendix D EMD 5.1.25 735 |
DATE: AGENCY: NAME:
LOCAL JURISDICTION COUNTY
HAZARD
SEVERITY
0 - 4
PROBABILITY
0 - 4
SEVERITY
0 - 4
PROBABILITY
0 - 4
RANKING
1 - 20
1. EARTHQUAKE
2. WILDLAND FIRE
3. FLOOD
OTHER NATURAL HAZARDS
4. DROUGHT
5. LANDSLIDES
6. INSECT INFESTATION
7. EXTREME SUMMER/WINTER
WEATHER
8. SEVERE WIND EVENT
AGRICULTURAL
9. DISEASE/CONTAMINATION
10. TERRORISM
OTHER HUMAN-CAUSED
11. PIPELINE
12. AQUEDUCT
13. TRANSPORTATION
14. POWER OUTAGE
15. HAZMAT ACCIDENTS
16. NUCLEAR ACCIDENT
17. TERRORISM
18. CIVIL UNREST
19. JAIL/PRISON EVENT
MEDICAL
20. EMERGING / RE-EMERGING
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
21. PANDEMIC
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 736 | Appendix D
SECTION 5. JURISDICTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND GOALS This comprehensive table is a listing of the various mitigation strategies, goals, and objectives developed by the 2023 MJLHMP Steering Committee. The jurisdictions were also given the opportunity to list additional, strategies, goals, and objectives specific to either their jurisdiction or their workgroup (i.e., hospitals, agriculture, etc.). LOCAL JURISDICTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND GOALS with your panning team Instructions for updating jurisdictional and district LHMPs: Please review the table to determine the ranking from the 2018 MJLHMP. Instructions for new jurisdictions and districts: Please evaluate the priority level for each listed mitigation goal identified below as it relates to your jurisdiction / district. Please list any additional mitigation goals or recommendations at the end of this document. For mitigation activities priority levels use H for high, M for medium, L for low and N/A for not applicable.
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 737 | Appendix D
EARTHQUAKE
Aggressive public education campaign based on predictions Generate new literature for dissemination to:
◊ Government employees
◊ Businesses ◊ Hotel/motel literature ◊ Local radio stations for education ◊ Public education via utilities ◊ Identify/create television documentary content Improve the Emergency Alert System (EAS)
◊ Consider integration with radio notification systems ◊ Upgrade alerting and warning systems for hearing impaired ◊ Training and maintenance Procure earthquake-warning devices for critical facilities Reinforce emergency response facilities Provide training to hospital staffs Require earthquake gas shutoffs on remodels/new construction Evaluate re-enforcing reservoir concrete bases Evaluate EOCs for seismic stability Install earthquake cutoffs at reservoirs Install earthquake-warning devices at critical facilities Develop a dam inundation plan for new Diamond Valley Reservoir Earthquake retrofitting ◊ Bridges/dams/pipelines ◊ Government buildings/schools ◊ Mobile home parks Develop educational materials on structural reinforcement and home inspections (ALREADY DEVELOPED)Ensure Uniform Building Code compliance ◊ Update to current compliance when retrofitting
Insurance coverage on public facilities Funding for non-structural abatement (Earthquake kits, etc.) Pre - identify empty commercial space for seismic re-location Electrical co-generation facilities need retrofitting/reinforcement (Palm Springs, others?) Mapping of liquefaction zones Incorporate County geologist data into planning Backup water supplies for hospitals Evaluate pipeline seismic resiliency Pre-positioning of temporary response structures Fire sprinkler ordinance for all structures Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 738 | Appendix D
Evaluate adequacy of reservoir capacity for sprinkler systems Training/standardization for contractors performing retrofitting Website with mitigation/contractor/retrofitting information ◊ Links to jurisdictions ◊ Alerting information ◊ Volunteer information Evaluate depths of aquifers/wells for adequacy during quakes Evaluate hazmat storage regulations near faults
COMMUNICATIONS IN DISASTER ISSUES
Communications Interoperability Harden repeater sites Continue existing interoperability project Strengthen/harden Relocate Redundancy Mobile repeaters FLOODS
Update development policies for flood plains Public education on locations of flood plains Develop multi-jurisdictional working group on floodplain management Develop greenbelt requirements in new developments Update weather pattern/flood plain maps Conduct countywide study of flood barriers/channels/gates/water dispersal systems Required water flow/runoff plans for new development Perform GIS mapping of flood channels, etc. Install vehicular crossing gates/physical barriers for road closure Maintenance of storm sewers/flood channels Create map of flood channels/diversions/water systems etc. Require digital floor plans on new non-residential construction Upgrade dirt embankments to concrete Conduct countywide needs study on drainage capabilities Increase number of pumping stations Increase sandbag distribution capacities Develop pre-planned response plan for floods ◊ Evacuation documentation ◊ Re-examine historical flooding data for potential street re-design Training for city/county PIOs about flood issues Warning systems - ensure accurate information provided ◊ Publicize flood plain information (website?) ◊ Install warning/water level signage Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 739 | Appendix D
◊ Enhanced public information ◊ Road closure compliance ◊ Shelter locations ◊ Pre-event communications Look at County requirements for neighborhood access
◊ Secondary means of ingress/egress
Vegetation restoration programs Ensure critical facilities are hardened/backed up Hardening water towers Terrorism Surveillance - cameras at reservoirs/dams Riverbed maintenance Evaluate existing lift stations for adequacy Acquisition of property for on-site retention Evaluate regulations on roof drainage mechanism Erosion-resistant plants Traffic light protection Upkeep of diversionary devices Install more turn-off valves on pipelines Backup generation facilities Identify swift water rescue capabilities across County
WILDFIRES
Aggressive weed abatement program
◊ Networking of agencies for weed abatement
Develop strategic plan for forest management Public education on wildfire defense Encourage citizen surveillance and reporting Identify hydrants with equipment ownership information Enhanced firefighting equipment Fire spotter program/red flag program ◊ Expand to other utilities
Research on insect/pest mitigation technologies Volunteer home inspection program Public education program ◊ Weather reporting/alerting ◊ Building protection ◊ Respiration Pre-identify shelters/recovery centers/other resources Roofing materials/defensive spacing regulations Community task forces for planning and education Fuel/dead tree removal Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 740 | Appendix D
Strategic pre-placement of firefighting equipment Establish FEMA coordination processes based on ICS Brush clearings around repeaters Research new technologies for identifying/tracking fires Procure/deploy backup communications equipment "Red Tag" homes in advance of event Provide fire-resistant gel to homeowners Involve insurance agencies in mitigation programs Clear out abandoned vehicles from oases Code enforcement Codes prohibiting fireworks Fuel modification/removal Evaluate building codes Maintaining catch basins
OTHER HAZARDS
Improve pipeline maintenance Wetlands mosquito mitigation (West Nile Virus) Insect control study Increase County Vector Control capacities General public drought awareness ◊ Lawn watering rotation
Develop County drought plan Mitigation of landslide-prone areas Develop winter storm sheltering plan Ease permitting process for building transmission lines Evaluate restrictions on dust/dirt/generating activities during wind seasons Rotational crop planning/soil stabilization Enhance agricultural checkpoint enforcement Agriculture - funding of detection programs Communications of pipeline maps (based on need to know) Improved notification plan on runaway trains Improve/maintain blackout notification plan. Support business continuity planning for utility outages Terrorism training/equipment for first responders ◊ Terrorism planning/coordination ◊ Staffing for terrorism mitigation Create a SONGS regional planning group
◊ Include dirty bomb planning
Cooling stations - MOUs in place Fire Ant eradication program Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 741 | Appendix D
White Fly infestation abatement/eradication program Develop plan for supplemental water sources Public education on low water landscaping Salton Sea desalinization Establish agriculture security standards (focus on water supply) ID mutual aid agreements Vulnerability assessment on fiber-optic cable Upgrade valves on California aqueduct Public education ◊ Bi-lingual signs ◊ Power Outage information
Notification system for rail traffic - container contents Control and release of terrorism intelligence Develop prison evacuation plan (shelter in place?) Use the list and rankings to narrow down or identify “your” strategies. The mitigation strategy serves as the long-term blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation strategy includes the development of goals, objectives, and prioritized mitigation actions. Goals are general guidelines that explain what you want to achieve. They are broad policy statements and are usually long-term and represent global visions, such as “Protect Existing Property.”Objectives define strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals. Unlike goals, objectives are specific, measurable, and may have a defined completion date. Objectives are more specific, such as “Increase the number of buildings protected from flooding.”The development of effective goals and objectives enables the planning team to evaluate the merits of alternative mitigation actions and the local conditions in which these activities would be pursued. A potential mitigation action that would support the goal and objective goal example above is “Acquire repetitive flood loss properties in the Acadia Woods Subdivision.” In the 2018 MJLHMP, each jurisdiction was required to develop a Mitigation Strategy Proposal based on one of the following:
1. The strategy, goal, or objective rating of “High Priority” on the Local Jurisdiction Mitigation Strategies and Goals using the above worksheet
2. A specifically identified strategy, goal, or objective that was developed as part of one of the working groups planning sessions such as the hospitals or agriculture
3. A specifically identified strategy, goal, or objective that was developed as part of one of the jurisdiction’s internal working group planning sessions Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 742 | Appendix D
SECTION 6. LOCAL JURISDICTION PROPOSED MITIGATION ACTION AND STRATEGY PROPOSAL a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, please review the table from # 5, and determine your ranking.
Review the chosen Mitigation Strategy that your jurisdiction submitted. The updated plan must identify the completed, deleted, or deferred actions or activities from the previously approved plan as a benchmark for progress. If the mitigation actions or activities remain unchanged from the previously approved plan, the updated plan must indicate why changes are not necessary. Further, the updated plan shall include in its prioritization any new mitigation actions identified since the previous plan was approved or through the plan update process. b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, use the “High Priority” rated strategy, goal or objective as a starting point to determine your Mitigation Strategy Proposal.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Appendix D EMD 5.1.25 743 |
LOCAL JURISDICTION PROPOSED MITIGATION ACTION AND STRATEGY PROPOSAL Jurisdiction:
Contact:
Phone:
MITIGATION STRATEGY INFORMATION
Proposal Name:
: Proposal Location
Proposal Type
strategy (one or more may apply) Place an "X" by the type of mitigation Flood and mud flow mitigation
Fire mitigation
structures or structures in high hazard areas Elevation or acquisition of repetitively damaged Mitigation Planning (i.e., update building codes, planning develop guidelines, etc.) Development and implementation of mitigation education programs Development or improvement of warning systems
Additional Hazard identification and analysis in support of the local hazard mitigation plan tion water mitigation Drinking and/or irriga
Earthquake mitigation
Agriculture - crop related mitigation
Agriculture - animal related mitigation
Flood inundation/Dam failure
Weather/Temperature event mitigation
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED MITIGATION STRATEGY
Proposal/Event
History
List any previous disaster related events (dates, costs, etc.) Description of
Mitigation Goal
Narrative:
oposal, any history related to the proposal. List Give a detailed description of the need for the pr the activities necessary for its completion in the narrative section below, including estimated timeline (how long will it take).
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
Appendix D EMD 5.1.25 744 |
y for the proposal? If not, what agency does? Does your jurisdiction have primary responsibilit Responsible Agency: No X Yes
FUNDING INFORMATION
Place an "X" by the proposed source of funding for this proposal ble for the proposal at this time Unfunded proposal - funds are not availa Local jurisdiction General Fund
Local jurisdiction Special Fund (road tax, assessment fees, etc.) Non-FEMA Hazard Mitigation Funds
ant Funds - Future Request Local Hazard Mitigation Gr
Hazard Mitigation Funds
on strategy to determine its cost benefits? Has your jurisdiction evaluated this mitigati proposal been determined to be beneficial in relationship to the potential (i.e., has the cost of the mitigation r internal method) Analysis Sheet or anothe damage or loss using the attached Cost/Benefit wer the question at ed to perform a cost-benefit analysis. They were required to ans As part of this process, each Submitting Jurisdiction is requir some type. This analysis was conducted either by asks if they had conducted a Cost-Benefit Analysis of page that the bottom of the Proposal roach outlined in od. Many of the jurisdictions used the cost-effective analysis app completing a Cost Benefit form or by some other approved meth This cost-benefit analysis was not restricted to natural hazards. Cost and Benefits of Natural Hazards Mitigation. the FEMA publication, safety issue over a standard hazard proposal. This oposal that highlighted a life- In some cases, the jurisdiction or working group identified a pr be emphasized or s of information indicating that the life-safety issue needed to was done when there was either historical data or other source attention. blic’s brought to the pu
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 745 | Appendix D
SECTION 7. LOCAL JURISDICTION DEVELOPMENT TRENDS QUESTIONNAIRE LAND USE ISSUES - COMPLETE THE INFORMATION BELOW This questionnaire identifies a comparison of specific land use issues between 2012, 2017 and 2022. The questionnaire also identifies the specific threat potential to the jurisdiction in relationship to residential and commercial structures along with critical facilities. This threat potential is focused on structural loss rather than dollar-value loss as it relates to the three main natural hazards – earthquakes, floods, and wildland fires. The determination of dollar-value loss relating to commercial and critical facilities was found to be very limited and a difficult task to establish. This issue will be addressed in future updates of the Plan.
The questionnaire also requires the jurisdiction to identify the process it will use to maintain their portion of the Plan.
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April 2023
Appendix D | EMD 5.1.25 746
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 748 | Appendix D
SECTION 8. LOCAL MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL
The Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool demonstrates how the Local Mitigation Plan meets the regulation in 44 CFR §201.6 and offers States and FEMA Mitigation Planners an opportunity to provide feedback to the community. • The Regulation Checklist provides a summary of FEMA’s evaluation of whether the Plan has addressed all requirements.
• The Plan Assessment identifies the plan’s strengths as well as documents areas for future improvement.
• The Multi-jurisdiction Summary Sheet is an optional worksheet that can be used to document how each jurisdiction met the requirements of each Element of the Plan (Planning Process; Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment; Mitigation Strategy; Plan Review, Evaluation, and Implementation; and Plan Adoption).
The FEMA Mitigation Planner must reference this Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide when completing the Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool.
Jurisdiction: Title of Plan:
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
Date of Plan:
Local Point of Contact: Address: Title: Agency: Phone Number: E-Mail: State Reviewer: Title: Date: FEMA Reviewer: Title: Date: Date Received in FEMA Region (insert #)Plan Not Approved Plan Approvable Pending Adoption Plan Approved Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 749 | Appendix DSECTION 1: REGULATION CHECKLIST INSTRUCTIONS: The Regulation Checklist must be completed by FEMA. The purpose of the Checklist is to identify the location of relevant or applicable content in the Plan by Element/sub-element and to determine if each requirement has been ‘Met’ or ‘Not Met.’ The ‘Required Revisions’ summary at the bottom of each Element must be completed by FEMA to provide a clear explanation of the revisions that are required for plan approval. Required revisions must be explained for each plan sub-element that is ‘Not Met.’ Sub-elements should be referenced in each summary by using the appropriate numbers (A1, B3, etc.), where applicable. Requirements for each Element and sub-element are described in detail in this Plan Review Guide in Section 4, Regulation Checklist.
1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(section and/or
b)
Met
Not
Met Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans)
ELEMENT A. PLANNING PROCESS A1. Does the Plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared and who was involved in the process for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1)) A2. Does the Plan document an opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, agencies that have the authority to regulate development as well as other interests to be involved in the planning process? (Requirement §201.6(b)(2)) A3. Does the Plan document how the public was involved in the planning process during the drafting stage? (Requirement §201.6(b)(1)) A4. Does the Plan describe the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information? (Requirement §201.6(b)(3)) A5. Is there discussion of how the community(ies) will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(iii)) Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 750 | Appendix D
1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(section and/or
b)
Met
Not
Met Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans)
A6. Is there a description of the method and schedule for keeping the plan current (monitoring, evaluating and updating the mitigation plan within a 5-year cycle)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i)) ELEMENT A: REQUIRED REVISIONS ELEMENT B. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT B1. Does the Plan include a description of the type, location, and extent of all natural hazards that can affect each jurisdiction(s)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i)) B2. Does the Plan include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i)) B3. Is there a description of each identified hazard’s impact on the community as well as an overall summary of the community’s vulnerability for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) B4. Does the Plan address NFIP insured structures within the jurisdiction that have been repetitively damaged by floods? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) ELEMENT B: REQUIRED REVISIONS ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGYC1. Does the plan document each jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)) C2. Does the Plan address each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii)) C3. Does the Plan include goals to reduce/avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(i)) Riverside Operational Area
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April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 751 | Appendix D
1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(section and/or
b)
Met
Not
Met Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans)
C4. Does the Plan identify and analyze a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects for each jurisdiction being considered to reduce the effects of hazards, with emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii)) C5. Does the Plan contain an action plan that describes how the actions identified will be prioritized (including cost benefit review), implemented, and administered by each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iv)); (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii)) C6. Does the Plan describe a process by which local governments will integrate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms, such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, when appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii)) ELEMENT C: REQUIRED REVISIONS ELEMENT D. PLAN REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION (applicable to plan updates only)D1. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in development? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) D2. Was the plan revised to reflect progress in local mitigation efforts? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) D3. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in priorities? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) ELEMENT D: REQUIRED REVISIONS ELEMENT E. PLAN ADOPTIONE1. Does the Plan include documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval? (Requirement §201.6(c)(5)) Plan Adoption/ Resolution Page 4 all plans
E2. For multi-jurisdictional plans, has each jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan documented formal plan adoption? (Requirement §201.6(c)(5)) Plan Adoption/ Resolution Page 4 all plans
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 752 | Appendix D
1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(section and/or
b)
Met
Not
Met Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans)
ELEMENT E: REQUIRED REVISIONS ELEMENT F. ADDITIONAL STATE REQUIREMENTS (OPTIONAL FOR STATE REVIEWERS ONLY; NOT TO BE COMPLETED BY FEMA)F1. F2. ELEMENT F: REQUIRED REVISIONS Riverside Operational Area
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April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 753 | Appendix D
SECTION 2: PLAN ASSESSMENT INSTRUCTIONS: The purpose of the Plan Assessment is to offer the local community more comprehensive feedback to the community on the quality and utility of the plan in a narrative format. The audience for the Plan Assessment is not only the plan developer/local community planner, but also elected officials, local departments and agencies, and others involved in implementing the Local Mitigation Plan. The Plan Assessment must be completed by FEMA. The Assessment is an opportunity for FEMA to provide feedback and information to the community on: 1) suggested improvements to the Plan; 2) specific sections in the Plan where the community has gone above and beyond minimum requirements; 3) recommendations for plan implementation; and 4) ongoing partnership(s) and information on other FEMA programs, specifically RiskMAP and Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs. The Plan Assessment is divided into two sections:
1. Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement 2. Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement is organized according to the plan Elements listed in the Regulation Checklist. Each Element includes a series of italicized bulleted items that are suggested topics for consideration while evaluating plans, but it is not intended to be a comprehensive list. FEMA Mitigation Planners are not required to answer each bullet item and should use them as a guide to paraphrase their own written assessment (2-3 sentences) of each Element. The Plan Assessment must not reiterate the required revisions from the Regulation Checklist or be regulatory in nature and should be open-ended and to provide the community with suggestions for improvements or recommended revisions. The recommended revisions are suggestions for improvement and are not required to be made for the Plan to meet Federal regulatory requirements. The italicized text should be deleted once FEMA has added comments regarding strengths of the plan and potential improvements for future plan revisions. It is recommended that the Plan Assessment be a short synopsis of the overall strengths and weaknesses of the Plan (no longer than two pages), rather than a complete recap section by section. Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan provides a place for FEMA to offer information, data sources and general suggestions on the overall plan implementation and maintenance process. Information on other possible sources of assistance including, but not limited to, existing publications, grant funding or training opportunities, can be provided. States may add state and local resources, if available.
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EMD 5.1.25 754 | Appendix D
A. Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement This section provides a discussion of the strengths of the plan document and identifies areas where these could be improved beyond minimum requirements. Element A: Planning Process How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the planning process with respect to: x Involvement of stakeholders (elected officials/decision makers, plan implementers, business owners, academic institutions, utility companies, water/sanitation districts, etc.). x Involvement of Planning, Emergency Management, Public Works Departments or other planning agencies (i.e., regional planning councils);
x Diverse methods of participation (meetings, surveys, online, etc.); and x Reflective of an open and inclusive public involvement process. Element B: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment In addition to the requirements listed in the Regulation Checklist, 44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans identifies additional elements that should be included as part of a plan’s risk assessment. The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of: 1) A general description of land uses and future development trends within the community so that mitigation options can be considered in future land use decisions. 2) The types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in the identified hazard areas; and
3) A description of potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures, and a description of the methodology used to prepare the estimate.
How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment with respect to: x Use of best available data (flood maps, HAZUS, flood studies) to describe significant hazards;
x Communication of risk on people, property, and infrastructure to the public (through tables, charts, maps, photos, etc.);
x Incorporation of techniques and methodologies to estimate dollar losses to vulnerable structures;
x Incorporation of Risk MAP products (i.e., depth grids, Flood Risk Report, Changes Since Last FIRM, Areas of Mitigation Interest, etc.); and
x Identification of any data gaps that can be filled as new data became available.
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 755 | Appendix D
Element C: Mitigation Strategy How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the Mitigation Strategy with respect to: x Key problems identified in, and linkages to, the vulnerability assessment; x Serving as a blueprint for reducing potential losses identified in the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment;
x Plan content flow from the risk assessment (problem identification) to goal setting to mitigation action development;
x An understanding of mitigation principles (diversity of actions that include structural projects, preventative measures, outreach activities, property protection measures, postdisaster actions, etc.); x Specific mitigation actions for each participating jurisdictions that reflects their unique risks and capabilities;
x Integration of mitigation actions with existing local authorities, policies, programs, and resources; and
x Discussion of existing programs (including the NFIP), plans, and policies that could be used to implement mitigation, as well as document past projects.