Wildomar City Council
December 9, 2024

Coast AQMD through permitting and would be subject to further study and health risk assessment prior to the issuance of any necessary air quality permits under South Coast AQMD Rule 1401, which would ensure less than significant impacts.

Industrial Land Uses
Warehousing or industrial operations generate substantial DPM emissions from off-road equipment use, truck idling, and/or use of TRUs for cold storage. The Proposed General Plan would result in net increase of 1,393,616 square feet of industrial land use at buildout under the Light Industrial (LI) and Business Park (BP) land use designations, primarily on the north side of Clinton Keith Road and west of Elizabeth Lane, as shown in Figure 3-4, Proposed Land Use Plan. However, Policy OS-2.3 in the Open Space and Conservation Element and Policy LU-11.1 in the Land Use Element would ensure proposed industrial development to be compatible with surrounding land uses to reduce environmental effects on sensitive receptors.

Though stationary sources associated with the Proposed General Plan would be required to comply with South Coast AQMD Rule 1401, truck idling does not fall under the purview of the air district. Therefore, health risk impacts from development of industrial warehousing are considered potentially significant.

Level of Significance Before Mitigation: Impact 5.3-4 would be potentially significant.

Mitigation Measures
AQ-3 Industrial and Warehouse Development Health Risk Assessments. Prior to discretionary approval by the City of Wildomar, project applicants for new industrial or warehousing development projects that 1) have the potential to generate 100 or more diesel truck trips per day or have 40 or more trucks with operating diesel-powered transport refrigeration units, and 2) are within 1,000 feet of a sensitive land use (e.g., residential, schools, hospitals, nursing homes), as measured from the property line of the project to the property line of the nearest sensitive use, shall submit a health risk assessment (HRA) to the City of Wildomar Planning Department for review and approval. The HRA shall be prepared in accordance with policies and procedures of the state Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment and the South Coast AQMD. If the HRA shows that the incremental cancer risk and/or noncancer hazard index exceeds the respective threshold, as established by the South Coast AQMD at the time a project is considered, the project applicant will be required to identify best available control technologies for toxics (T-BACTs) and appropriate enforcement mechanisms and demonstrate that they are capable of reducing potential cancer and noncancer risks to an acceptable level. T-BACTs may include but are not limited to restricting idling on-site or electrifying warehousing docks to reduce diesel particulate matter, or requiring use of newer equipment and/or vehicles. T-BACTs identified in the HRA shall be identified as mitigation measures in the environmental document and/or incorporated into the site plan.

Level of Significance After Mitigation: Impact 5.3-4 would be significant and unavoidable. 231

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Impact 5.3-5: The proposed project would not result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people. [Threshold AQ-4] Growth within the City under the proposed project could generate new sources of odors. Nuisance odors from land uses in the SoCAB are regulated under South Coast AQMD Rule 402, Nuisance, which states:

A person shall not discharge from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause injury or damage to business or property. The provisions of this rule shall not apply to odors emanating from agricultural operations necessary for the growing of crops or the raising of fowl or animals.

Industrial Land Uses
Compost facilities, landfills, solid-waste transfer stations, fiberglass manufacturing facilities, paint/coating operations (e.g., auto body shops), asphalt batch manufacturing plants, chemical manufacturing, and food manufacturing facilities are typical sources of odors from industrial land uses. As identified above, the Proposed General Plan would result in a net increase in new industrial or warehousing in Wildomar. The Proposed General Plan would result in a net increase of 1,393,616 square feet of industrial land use at buildout under the Light Industrial (LI) and Business Park (BP) land use designations.

Industrial land uses are required to comply with South Coast AQMD Rule 402 and future environmental review, which would ensure that sensitive land uses are not exposed to objectionable odors. Therefore, impacts from potential odors generated from industrial land uses associated with the proposed project are considered less than significant.

Residential and Other Retail/Commercial Land Uses
Residential and other nonresidential, nonindustrial land uses that would be accommodated by the proposed project could result in the generation of odors such as exhaust from landscaping equipment and from cooking. As stated above, buildout of the Proposed General Plan would also result in a net increase of retail (4,179 acres) and commercial (385 acres) land use. Unlike industrial land uses, these are not considered potential generators of odor that could affect a substantial number of people. Nuisance odors are regulated under South Coast AQMD Rule 402, which requires abatement of any nuisance generating a verified odor complaint. Therefore, impacts from potential odors generated from residential and other nonresidential land uses associated with the proposed project are considered less than significant.

Construction
During construction activities of development projects that would be accommodated by the proposed project, construction equipment exhaust and application of asphalt and architectural coatings would temporarily generate odors. Any construction-related odor emissions would be temporary and intermittent.

Noxious odors would be confined to the immediate vicinity of the construction equipment in use. By the time such emissions reached any sensitive receptor sites, they would be diluted to well below any level of air 232

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quality concern. Short-term construction-related odors are expected to cease upon the drying or hardening of odor-producing materials. Therefore, impacts associated with construction-generated odors are considered less than significant.

Level of Significance Before Mitigation: Impact 5.3-5 would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
No mitigation measures are required.

Level of Significance After Mitigation: Impact 5.3-5 would be less than significant.

5.3.5 Cumulative Impacts
The cumulative setting for air quality is the SoCAB. In accordance with the South Coast AQMD methodology, any project that produces a significant project-level regional air quality impact in an area that is in nonattainment, contributes to the cumulative impact. Cumulative projects include new development and general growth within the SoCAB. The SoCAB is nonattainment for O3, PM10, and PM2.5. Due to the extent of the area potentially impacted from cumulative project emissions, South Coast AQMD considers a project cumulatively significant when project-related emissions exceed the regional emissions thresholds. As identified in Impact 5.3-2 (construction) and Impact 5.3-3 (operation), implementation of the proposed project would cumulatively contribute to the nonattainment designations of the air basins, and cumulative impacts are significant.

Construction
The SoCAB is designated nonattainment for O3, PM2.5, PM10, and lead (Los Angeles County only) under the California and/or National AAQS. Construction of cumulative projects would further degrade the regional and local air quality. Air quality would be temporarily impacted during construction activities and use of offroad equipment could elevate concentrations of TACs in the vicinity of sensitive land uses.

Implementation of mitigation measures for related projects would reduce cumulative impacts. However, project-related construction emissions could still potentially exceed the South Coast AQMD significance thresholds on a project and cumulative basis. Consequently, the Proposed General Plan’s contribution to cumulative air quality impacts would be cumulatively considerable and would therefore be significant.

Operation
For operational air quality emissions, any project that does not exceed or can be mitigated to less than the daily regional threshold values are not considered by South Coast AQMD to be a substantial source of air pollution and does not add significantly to a cumulative impact. Operation of development allowed under the Proposed General Plan could result in emissions in excess of the South Coast AQMD regional emissions thresholds for long-term operation. Additionally, the net increase in industrial land use development under Proposed General Plan would generate TACs that would contribute to elevated levels of risk in the air basin.

Therefore, the Proposed General Plan’s air pollutant emissions would be cumulatively considerable and therefore significant.
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5.3.6 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements and standard conditions of approval, some impacts would be less than significant: 5.3-5.

Without mitigation, these impacts would be potentially significant:
 Impact 5.3-1 The Proposed General Plan would provide more efficient land use than existing conditions to meet the first South Coast AQMD's AQMP criterion. However, buildout of the Proposed General Plan would result in cumulative emissions which would exceed South Coast AQMD's regional and localized thresholds. Therefore, the associated emissions from the Proposed General Plan would cumulatively contribute to the nonattainment designation in the SoCAB and would not be consistent with the assumptions of the South Coast AQMD’s AQMP.  Impact 5.3-2 Construction activities associated with future development that would be accommodated under the proposed project could generate short-term emissions in exceedance of the South Coast AQMD’s threshold criteria.  Impact 5.3-3 Implementation of the Proposed General Plan would generate additional, long-term emissions in exceedance of South Coast AQMD’s threshold criteria and cumulatively contribute to the South Coast Air Basin’s nonattainment designations.  Impact 5.3-4 Operation of industrial and warehousing land uses accommodated under the Proposed General Plan could expose sensitive receptors to substantial toxic air contaminant concentrations.

5.3.7 Mitigation Measures
Impact 5.3-1
AQ-1 Prior to discretionary approval by the City of Wildomar for development projects subject to CEQA (California Environmental Quality Act) review (i.e., nonexempt projects), project applicants shall prepare and submit a technical assessment evaluating potential project construction-related air quality impacts to the City of Wildomar Planning Department for review and approval. The evaluation shall be prepared in conformance with South Coast Air Quality Management District (South Coast AQMD) methodology for assessing air quality impacts. If construction-related criteria air pollutants are determined to have the potential to exceed the South Coast AQMD–adopted thresholds of significance, the City of Wildomar Building & Safety department shall require feasible mitigation measures to reduce air quality emissions. Potential measures shall be incorporated as conditions of approval for a project and may include:
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 Require fugitive dust control measures that exceed South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Rule 403, such as:
 Requiring use of nontoxic soil stabilizers to reduce wind erosion.  Applying water every four hours to active soil disturbing activities.  Tarping and/or maintaining a minimum of 24 inches of freeboard on trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials.
 Using construction equipment rated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as having Tier 4 interim or higher exhaust emission limits.  Ensuring construction equipment is properly serviced and maintained to the manufacturer’s standards.
 Limiting nonessential idling of construction equipment to no more than five consecutive minutes.
 Using Super-Compliant VOC paints for coating of architectural surfaces whenever possible. A list of Super-Compliant architectural coating manufactures can be found on the South Coast Air Quality Management District’s website at:
https://www.aqmd.gov/home/rules-compliance/compliance/vocs/architectural -coatings/super-compliant-coatings.

These identified measures shall be incorporated into all appropriate construction documents (e.g., construction management plans) submitted to the City and shall be verified by the City’s Planning Department.

AQ-2 Prior to discretionary approval by the City of Wildomar for development projects subject to CEQA (California Environmental Quality Act) review (i.e., nonexempt projects), project applicants shall prepare and submit a technical assessment evaluating potential project operation-phase-related air quality impacts to the City of Wildomar Planning Department for review and approval. The evaluation shall be prepared in conformance with South Coast Air Quality Management District (South Coast AQMD) methodology in assessing air quality impacts. If operation-related air pollutants are determined to have the potential to exceed the South Coast AQMD–adopted thresholds of significance, the City of Wildomar Planning Department shall require that applicants for new development projects incorporate mitigation measures to reduce air pollutant emissions during operational activities. The identified measures shall be included as part of the conditions of approval. Possible mitigation measures to reduce long-term emissions could include, but are not limited to the following:
 For site-specific development that requires refrigerated vehicles, the construction documents shall demonstrate an adequate number of electrical service connections at loading docks for plug-in of the anticipated number of refrigerated trailers to reduce idling time and emissions.
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 Applicants for manufacturing and light industrial uses shall consider energy storage and combined heat and power in appropriate applications to optimize renewable energy generation systems and avoid peak energy use.
 Site-specific developments with truck delivery and loading areas and truck parking spaces shall include signage as a reminder to limit idling of vehicles while parked for loading/unloading in accordance with California Air Resources Board Rule 2845 (13 CCR Chapter 10 § 2485).
 Provide bicycle parking facilities per the Nonresidential Voluntary Measures and Residential Voluntary Measures of CALGreen.
 Provide facilities to support electric charging infrastructure per the Nonresidential Voluntary Measures and Residential Voluntary Measures of CALGreen.  Applicant-provided appliances shall be Energy Star–certified appliances or appliances of equivalent energy efficiency (e.g., dishwashers, refrigerators, clothes washers, and dryers).

Installation of Energy Star–certified or equivalent appliances shall be verified by the City during plan check.

Impact 5.3-2
Implementation of Mitigation Measure AQ-1.

Impact 5.3-3
Implementation of Mitigation Measure AQ-2.

Impact 5.3-4
AQ-3 Industrial and Warehouse Development Health Risk Assessments. Prior to discretionary approval by the City of Wildomar, project applicants for new industrial or warehousing development projects that 1) have the potential to generate 100 or more diesel truck trips per day or have 40 or more trucks with operating diesel-powered transport refrigeration units, and 2) are within 1,000 feet of a sensitive land use (e.g., residential, schools, hospitals, nursing homes), as measured from the property line of the project to the property line of the nearest sensitive use, shall submit a health risk assessment (HRA) to the City of Wildomar Planning Department for review and approval. The HRA shall be prepared in accordance with policies and procedures of the state Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment and the South Coast AQMD. If the HRA shows that the incremental cancer risk and/or noncancer hazard index exceeds the respective threshold, as established by the South Coast AQMD at the time a project is considered, the project applicant will be required to identify best available control technologies for toxics (T-BACTs) and appropriate enforcement mechanisms and demonstrate that they are capable of reducing potential cancer and noncancer risks to an acceptable level. T-BACTs may include but are not limited to restricting idling on-site or electrifying warehousing docks to reduce 236

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diesel particulate matter, or requiring use of newer equipment and/or vehicles. T-BACTs identified in the HRA shall be identified as mitigation measures in the environmental document and/or incorporated into the site plan.

5.3.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation
Impact 5.3-1
The proposed project would be inconsistent with the South Coast AQMD’s AQMP because buildout under the Proposed General Plan would cumulatively contribute to the nonattainment designations of the SoCAB.

Incorporation of Mitigation Measures AQ-1 through AQ-2 into future development projects for the operation phase would reduce criteria air pollutant emissions associated with buildout of the Proposed General Plan. Additionally, goals and policies in the Proposed General Plan would promote increased capacity for alternative transportation modes. However, Impact 5.3-1 would remain significant and unavoidable.

Impact 5.3-2
Buildout in accordance with the proposed project would generate short-term emissions that would exceed South Coast AQMD’s regional significance thresholds and cumulatively contribute to the nonattainment designations of the SoCAB. Mitigation Measure AQ-1 and the goals and policies of the Proposed General Plan would reduce construction-related air pollutant emissions to the extent feasible. However, individual projects accommodated under the proposed project may exceed the South Coast AQMD regional significance thresholds. Therefore, construction-related regional air quality impacts of developments that would be accommodated by the proposed project under Impact 5.3-2 would remain significant and unavoidable.

Impact 5.3-3
Buildout in accordance with the proposed project would generate long-term emissions that would exceed South Coast AQMD’s regional significance thresholds and cumulatively contribute to the nonattainment designations of the SoCAB. Mitigation Measure AQ-2, in addition to the goals and policies of the proposed project, would reduce air pollutant emissions to the extent feasible. The measures and policies covering topics such as expansion of the pedestrian and bicycle networks, promotion of public and active transit, and support to increase building energy efficiency and energy conservation would also reduce criteria air pollutants within the city. Further, as shown in Table 5.3-11, City of Wildomar Regional Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions Forecast Compared to Existing Conditions, compared to existing baseline year conditions, emissions of NOX are projected to decrease from current levels despite growth associated with the Proposed General Plan.

However, Impact 5.3-3 would remain significant and unavoidable due to the increase in VOCs from residential development and consumer product use associated with the proposed project. 237

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Table 5.3-11 City of Wildomar Regional Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions Forecast Compared to Existing Conditions
Sector
Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions
(pounds per day)
VOC NOX CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
Existing – 2019 Emission Rates
Transportation 70 780 2,559 8 61 28
Energy 7 127 61 1 10 10
Area –Offroad Equipment 115 219 1,793 <1 11 10
Area – Consumer Products 496 ― ― ― ― ―
Existing Total 687 1,125 4,413 9 82 48
Proposed Project
Transportation 18 268 1,493 9 82 29
Energy 13 227 110 1 18 18
Area –Offroad Equipment 185 225 3,205 <1 11 10
Area – Consumer Products 931 ― ― ― ― ―
Proposed Project Total 1,148 719 4,808 11 111 57
Change
Transportation -52 -512 -1,066 1 21 1
Energy 6 99 49 1 8 8
Area –Offroad Equipment 71 7 1,412 <1 <1 <1
Area – Consumer Products 436 ― ― ― ― ―
Total 461 -406 395 2 29 9
South Coast AQMD Regional
Significance Threshold 55 55 550 150 150 55
Significant? Yes No No No No No
Sources. See Appendix 5.3-1.

Contributing to the nonattainment status would also contribute to elevating health effects associated to these criteria air pollutants. Known health effects related to ozone include worsening of bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema and a decrease in lung function. Health effects associated with particulate matter include premature death of people with heart or lung disease, nonfatal heart attacks, irregular heartbeat, decreased lung function, and increased respiratory symptoms. Reducing emissions would further contribute to reducing possible health effects related to criteria air pollutants.

It is speculative for this broad-based policy plan to determine how exceeding the regional thresholds would affect the number of days the region is in nonattainment since mass emissions are not correlated with concentrations of emissions, or how many additional individuals in the air basin would be affected by the 238

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health effects cited above. This EIR quantifies the increase in criteria air pollutants emissions in the City.

However, at a programmatic level analysis, it is not feasible to quantify the increase in TACs from stationary sources associated with the proposed project or meaningfully correlate how regional criteria air pollutant emissions above the South Coast AQMD significance thresholds correlate with basin-wide health impacts.

To determine cancer and noncancer health risk, the location, velocity of emissions, meteorology and topography of the area, and locations of receptors are equally important as model parameters as the quantity of TAC emissions. The white paper in Appendix 5.3-1 “We Can Model Regional Emissions but Are the Results Meaningful for CEQA” describe several of the challenges of quantifying local effects—particularly health risks—for large-scale, regional projects, and these are applicable to both criteria air pollutants and TACs. Similarly, the two amicus briefs filed by the air districts on the Friant Ranch case (see Appendix 5.3-1) describe two positions regarding CEQA requirements, modeling feasibility, variables, and reliability of results for determining specific health risks associated with criteria air pollutants. The discussions also include the distinction between criteria air pollutant emissions and TACs with respect to health risks. Additionally, the South Coast AQMD’s Significance Thresholds and Monitoring demonstrate the infeasibility based on the current guidance/methodologies. The following summarizes major points about the infeasibility of assessing health risks of criteria air pollutant emissions and TACs associated with implementation of a general plan.

To achieve and maintain air quality standards, the South Coast AQMD has established numerical emission indicators of significance for regional and localized air quality impacts for both construction and operational phases of a local plan or project. The South Coast AQMD has established the thresholds based on “scientific and factual data that is contained in the federal and state Clean Air Acts” and recommends “that these thresholds be used by lead agencies in making a determination of significance.” The numerical emission indicators are based on the recognition that the air basin is a distinct geographic area with a critical air pollution problem for which ambient air quality standards have been promulgated to protect public health.

The thresholds represent the maximum emissions from a plan or project that are expected not to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the most stringent applicable national or state ambient air quality standard. By analyzing the plan’s emissions against the thresholds, an EIR assesses whether these emissions directly contribute to any regional or local exceedances of the applicable ambient air quality standards and exposure levels.

South Coast AQMD currently does not have methodologies that would provide the City with a consistent, reliable, and meaningful analysis to correlate specific health impacts that may result from a proposed project’s mass emissions.15 For criteria air pollutants, exceedance of the regional significance thresholds cannot be used to correlate a project to quantifiable health impacts unless emissions are sufficiently high to use a regional 15 In April 2019, the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD) published an Interim Recommendation on implementing Sierra Club v. County of Fresno (2018) 6 Cal.5th 502 (“Friant Ranch”) in the review and analysis of proposed projects under CEQA in Sacramento County. Consistent with the expert opinions submitted to the court in Friant Ranch by the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD) and South Coast AQMD, the SMAQMD guidance confirms the absence of an acceptable or reliable quantitative methodology that would correlate the expected criteria air pollutant emissions of projects to likely health consequences for people from project-generated criteria air pollutant emissions. The SMAQMD guidance explains that while it is in the process of developing a methodology to assess these impacts, lead agencies should follow the Friant Court’s advice to explain in meaningful detail why this analysis is not yet feasible. Since this interim memorandum SMAQMD has provided methodology to address health impacts. However, a similar analysis is not available for projects within the South Coast AQMD region.
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model. South Coast AQMD has not provided methodology to assess the specific correlation between mass emissions generated and their effect on health (see Appendix 5.3-1: San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District’s amicus brief, and South Coast AQMD’s amicus brief).

Ozone concentrations depend on a variety of complex factors, including the presence of sunlight and precursor pollutants, natural topography, nearby structures that cause building downwash, atmospheric stability, and wind patterns. Secondary formation of particulate matter (PM) and ozone can occur far from sources as a result of regional transport due to wind and topography (e.g., low-level jet stream).

Photochemical modeling depends on all emission sources in the entire domain (i.e., modeling grid). Low resolution and spatial averaging produce “noise” and modeling errors that usually exceed individual source contributions. Because of the complexities of predicting ground-level ozone concentrations in relation to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) and California AAQS, it is not possible to link health risks to the magnitude of emissions exceeding the significance thresholds.

Current models used in CEQA air quality analyses are designed to estimate potential project construction and operation emissions for defined projects. The estimated emissions are compared to significance thresholds, which are keyed to reducing emissions to levels that will not interfere with the region’s ability to attain the health-based standards. This serves to protect public health in the overall region, but there is currently no CEQA methodology to determine the impact of emissions (e.g., pounds per day) on future concentration levels (e.g., parts per million or micrograms per cubic meter) in specific geographic areas. CEQA thresholds, therefore, are not specifically tied to potential health outcomes in the region.

The EIR must provide an analysis that is understandable for decision making and public disclosure. Regionalscale modeling may provide a technical method for this type of analysis, but it does not necessarily provide a meaningful way to connect the magnitude of a project’s criteria pollutant emissions to health effects without speculation. Additionally, this type of analysis is not feasible at a general plan level because the location of emissions sources and quantity of emissions are not known. However, because cumulative development within the City would exceed the regional significance thresholds, the proposed project could contribute to an increase in health effects in the basin until the attainment standards are met in the SoCAB.

Impact 5.3-4
Buildout of Proposed General Plan could result in new sources of criteria air pollutant emissions and/or TACs near existing or planned sensitive receptors. Review of development projects by South Coast AQMD for permitted sources of air toxics (e.g., industrial facilities, dry cleaners, and gasoline dispensing facilities) would ensure that health risks are minimized. Mitigation Measure AQ-3, would require HRAs for applicable industrial development projects to ensure that T-BACTs are utilized to reduce potential cancer and noncancer risks to an acceptable level. Individual development projects would be required to achieve the incremental risk thresholds established by South Coast AQMD, and TACs would be less than significant.

However, the net increase in industrial land use allowed under the Proposed General Plan would generate TACs that could contribute to elevated levels in the air basin. While individual projects would achieve the project-level risk threshold of 10 per million, they would nonetheless contribute to the higher levels of cancer 240

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risk in the SoCAB; and therefore, result in a cumulatively considerable impact. Therefore, the Proposed General Plan’s cumulative contribution to health risk is considered significant and unavoidable.

5.3.9 References
Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD). 2023, April. 2022 California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Chapters. https://www.baaqmd.gov/plans-and-climate/california-environmental-quality-act -ceqa/updated-ceqa-guidelines.

California Air Pollution Control Officer’s Association (CAPCOA). 2022, April. CalEEMod, California Emissions Estimator Model User Guide, Version 2022.1. https://www.caleemod.com/user-guide.

California Air Resources Board (CARB). 1998, April 22. The Report on Diesel Exhaust. http://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/dieseltac/de-fnds.htm.
———. 1999. Final Staff Report: Update to the Toxic Air Contaminant List. ———. 2005, April. Air Quality and Land Use Handbook: A Community Health Perspective. https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/california-air-resources-board-air -quality-and-land-use-handbook-a-community-health-perspective.pdf. ———. 2016, May 4. Ambient Air Quality Standards. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020 -07/aaqs2.pdf.
———. 2017, April 27. Strategies to Reduce Air Pollution Exposure Near High-Volume Roadways. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/strategies-reduce-air-pollution-exposure-near-high -volume-roadways.
———. 2019, February 21. Final Statement of Reasons for Rulemaking, Including Summary of Comments and Agency Response. Public Hearing to Consider the Proposed 2018 Amendment to Area Designations for State Ambient Air Quality Standards. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/ barcu/regact/2019/stateareadesignations/fsor.pdf?_ga=2.56310120.293950539.1643666080 -480168846.1633624542.
———. 2021a, December 9. Staff Report, CARB Review of the South Coast 2021 Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/ Staff_Report_for_the_South_Coast_PM2.5_Redesignation_Request_and_Maintenance_Plan.pdf. ———. 2021b, December 14. Title 17. California Air Resources Board Notice of Public Hearing to Consider Proposed 2021 Amendments to Area Designations for State Ambient Air Quality Standards. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/regact/2022/sad2022/notice.pdf?utm_medium=e mail&utm_source=govdelivery.
———. 2023a, September 21 (Accessed). Maps of State and Federal Area Designations. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/maps-state-and-federal-area-designations. 241

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———. 2023b, September 21 (accessed). Common Air Pollutants. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/common-air-pollutants. ———. 2023c, September 22 (accessed). Air Pollution Data Monitoring Cards (2022, 2021, and 2020). http://www.arb.ca.gov/adam/topfour/topfour1.php.
———. 2023d, September 21 (accessed). Overview: Diesel Exhaust & Health. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/overview-diesel-exhaust-and-health California Energy Commission (CEC). 2021, May 19. Environmental Impact Report: Amendments to the Building Energy Efficiency Standards (2022 Energy Code). CEC-400-2021-077. ———. CEC. 2024, March 26 (generated). Amendments to the Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Regulations Rulemaking. https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/Lists/DocketLog.aspx?docketnumber=20-AAER-01.

California Environmental Protection Agency and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (CalEPA). 2023, May 1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0.
https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40.

Chen Ryan Associates. 2023, December. Wildomar General Plan Transportation Impact Study.

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). 2021, October 13. CalEnviroScreen (CES)

4.0 Report. https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen40re portf2021.pdf.
———. 2023, November 28 (accessed). CalEnviroScreen (CES) 4.0 Indicator Map. https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/ed5953d89038431dbf4f22ab9abfe40d/.

South Coast Air Quality Management District (South Coast AQMD). 1992. Federal Attainment Plan for Carbon Monoxide.
———. 1993. California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Handbook. ———. 2003, August. 2003 Air Quality Management Plan. Appendix V. https://www.aqmd.gov/home/ air-quality/clean-air-plans/air-quality-mgt-plan/2003-aqmp. ———. 2005, May. Guidance Document for Addressing Air Quality Issues in General Plans and Local Planning. http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/planning/air-quality-guidance/complete -guidance-document.pdf.
———. 2012, May 4. Final 2012 Lead State Implementation Plan: Los Angeles County. http://www3.aqmd.gov/hb/attachments/2011-2015/2012May/2012-May4-030.pdf. ———. 2013, February. 2012 Final Air Quality Management Plan. https://www.aqmd.gov/home/air -quality/clean-air-plans/air-quality-mgt-plan/final-2012-air-quality-management-plan. ———. 2015a. Health Effects of Air Pollution. http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/ default-source/publications/brochures/the-health-effects-of-air-pollution-brochure.pdf. 242

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———. 2015b, October. “Blueprint for Clean Air: 2016 AQMP White Paper.” 2016 AQMP White Papers web page. http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/Agendas/aqmp/white-paper-working -groups/wp-blueprint-final.pdf.
———. 2021a, October. Draft Final 2021 Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the 2006 and 1997 24-Hour PM2.5 Standards for South Coast Air Basin. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/ default/files/2021-10/draft-final-pm2-5-redesignation-request-and-maintenance-plan.pdf. ———. 2021b, August. Final Report, Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study V (MATES V). http://www.aqmd.gov/home/air-quality/air-quality-studies/health-studies/mates-v. ———. 2022, December. 2022 Air Quality Management Plan. https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ clean-air-plans/air-quality-management-plans/2022-air-quality-management-plan/final-2022-aqmp/ final-2022-aqmp.pdf?sfvrsn=16.
———. 2023, March. South Coast AQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds. https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/south-coast-aqmd-air-quality -significance-thresholds.pdf?sfvrsn=25.

US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). 2002, May. Health Assessment Document for Diesel Engine Exhaust. EPA/600/8-90/057F. Prepared by the National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, for the Office of Transportation and Air Quality. ———. 2023a, September 21 (accessed). Criteria Air Pollutants. https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants. ———. 2023b, March 27 (last updated). Health and Environmental Effects of Hazardous Air Pollutants. https://www.epa.gov/haps/health-and-environmental-effects-hazardous-air-pollutants. 243

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5.4 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
This section of the DEIR evaluates the potential for implementation of the Wildomar Proposed General Plan to impact biological resources in the City of Wildomar.

The analysis in this section is based in part on the following technical report(s):
 Biological Resources Assessment: City of Wildomar General Plan Update, ECORP Consulting, Inc., March 2024 A complete copy of this study is included as Appendix 5.4-1 to this Draft EIR.

FOCAL POINT
Though Wildomar is mostly urbanized, portions of the City and its surroundings may include biological resources in open space areas, Murrieta Creek, and the foothills of the Cleveland National Forest and the Santa Margarita and Elsinore Mountains. Specific information for development projects allowed by the General Plan is unknown at the time of this broad, program-level analysis, so impacts to sensitive plant and wildlife species would conservatively be considered significant and unavoidable. Impacts to sensitive natural communities such as wetlands and riparian habitats and wildlife corridors would be reduced to less than significant with the implementation of mitigation measures and the Proposed General Plan policies. All development in the City must comply with local, state, and federal regulations, which would reduce other impacts to biological resources to less than significant.

5.4.1 Environmental Setting

5.4.1.1 REGULATORY BACKGROUND
Federal Regulations
Federal Endangered Species Act
The federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) protects plants and animals that are listed as endangered or threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).

Section 9 of the FESA prohibits the taking of endangered wildlife, where taking is defined as “harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect, or attempt to engage in such conduct” (50 CFR [Code of Federal Regulations] § 17.3). For plants, this statute governs removing, possessing, maliciously damaging, or destroying any endangered plant on federal land and removing, cutting, digging up, damaging, or destroying any endangered plant on nonfederal land in knowing violation of state law (16 US Code § 1538). Under Section 7 of the FESA, federal agencies are required to consult with the USFWS if their actions, including permit approvals or funding, could adversely affect a listed (or proposed) species (including plants) or its critical habitat. Through consultation and the issuance of a biological opinion, the USFWS may issue an incidental take statement allowing take of the species that is incidental to an otherwise authorized activity provided the activity will not jeopardize the continued existence of the species. Section 10 of the FESA provides for issuance of incidental take permits where no other federal actions are necessary provided a habitat conservation plan is developed.
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The FESA establishes critical habitat as a means to contain essential features for threatened or endangered species. Critical habitat requires special management and protection. When designating critical habitat, areas are assessed for if the species occupies the area and if there is space for the individual or population to grow and exhibit normal behavior; the space provides shelter and food resources; the space is adequate for breeding and offspring rearing; and the space contains habitat that can be protected from disturbances and is representative of the species’ geographical range and distribution.

Migratory Bird Treaty Act
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) implements international treaties between the U.S. and other nations devised to protect migratory birds and any of their parts, eggs, and nests from activities such as hunting, pursuing, capturing, killing, selling, and shipping, unless expressly authorized in the regulations or by permit.

As authorized by the MBTA, the USFWS issues permits to qualified applicants for the following types of activities: falconry, raptor propagation, scientific collecting, special purposes (e.g., rehabilitation, education, migratory game bird propagation, and salvage), take of depredating birds, taxidermy, and waterfowl sale and disposal. The regulations governing migratory bird permits are in 50 CFR Part 13, General Permit Procedures, and 50 CFR Part 21, Migratory Bird Permits. The State of California has incorporated the protection of birds in Sections 3503, 3503.5, 3513, and 3800 of the Fish and Game Code.

Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act
The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act was enacted in 1940 and prohibits anyone without a permit from “taking” bald or golden eagles, including their parts, nests, or eggs. Take is defined as pursue, shoot, shoot at, poison, wound, kill, capture, trap, collect, molest, or disturb. In addition to these protections, the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act provides protection for nesting sites. Nesting sites are protected not only when active but also when previously used in case an eagle returns to the same nesting site.

Clean Water Act, Section 404
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) regulates discharge of dredged or fill material into “waters of the United States.”1 Any filling or dredging within waters of the United States requires a permit, which entails assessment of potential adverse impacts to USACE wetlands and jurisdictional waters and any mitigation measures that the USACE requires. Section 7 consultation with USFWS may be required for impacts to a federally listed species. If cultural resources may be present, Section 106 review may also be required. When a Section 404 permit is required, a Section 401 Water Quality Certification is also required from the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB).
1 "Waters of the United States," as applied to the jurisdictional limits of the USACE under the Clean Water Act, includes all waters that are currently used, were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters that are subject to the tide; all interstate waters, including interstate wetlands; and all other waters, such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds whose use, degradation, or destruction could affect interstate or foreign commerce; water impoundments; tributaries of waters; territorial seas; and wetlands adjacent to waters. The terminology used by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act includes “navigable waters,” which is defined at Section 502(7) of the act as “waters of the United States, including the territorial seas.”
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Clean Water Act, Section 401 and 402
Section 401(a)(1) of the CWA specifies that any applicant for a federal license or permit to conduct any activity that may result in any discharge into navigable waters shall provide the federal permitting agency with a certification, issued by the state in which the discharge originates, that any such discharge will comply with the applicable provisions of the CWA. In California, the applicable RWQCB must certify that the project will comply with water quality standards. Permits requiring Section 401 certification include USACE Section 404 permits and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under Section 402 of the CWA. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits are issued by the applicable RWQCB. The City of Wildomar is in the jurisdictions of the Santa Ana RWQCB (Region 8) and the San Diego RWQCB (Region 9).

Executive Order 11990: Protection of Wetlands
President Carter signed EO 11990 on May 24, 1977, requiring federal agencies to avoid, to the extent possible, the long- and short-term adverse impacts associated with the destruction or modification of wetlands and to avoid direct or indirect support of new construction in wetlands wherever there is a practicable alternative. The term “wetlands” refers to areas that are inundated by surface or ground water with a frequency sufficient to support—and under normal circumstances does or would support—a prevalence of vegetative or aquatic life that needs saturated or seasonally saturated soil conditions for growth and reproduction. Examples of wetlands include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas, such as sloughs, potholes, wet meadows, river overflows, mud flats, and natural ponds. An Individual EO 11990 “Wetlands Only Practicable Alternative Finding” is required from the Federal Highway Administration if a state project is federally aided and involves fill in wetlands requiring a USACE Section 404 Individual or Nationwide Permit. An additional requirement is to provide early public involvement in projects affecting wetlands.

Executive Order 13112: Invasive Species Protection
President Clinton signed EO 13112 on February 3, 1999, requiring federal agencies to combat the introduction or spread of invasive species in the United States. The order defines invasive species as “…any species, including its seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material capable of propagating that species, that is not native to that ecosystem whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.” Federal Highway Administration guidance issued August 10, 1999, directs the use of the state’s noxious weed list to define the invasive plants that must be considered as part of California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) analysis for a proposed project.

State Regulations
California Endangered Species Act
The California Endangered Species Act (CESA) generally parallels the main provisions of the FESA and is administered by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). It prohibits take and protects statelisted endangered and threatened species of fish, wildlife, and plants. Unlike its federal counterpart, CESA also applies the take prohibitions to species petitioned for listing (state candidates). Candidate species may be 246

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afforded temporary protection as though they were already listed as threatened or endangered at the discretion of the Fish and Game Commission. Unlike the FESA, CESA does not include listing provisions for invertebrate species. Under certain conditions, CESA has provisions for take through a 2081 permit or memorandum of understanding. In addition, some sensitive mammals and birds are protected by the state as “fully protected species” (see separate discussion below). California “species of special concern” are species designated as vulnerable to extinction due to declining population levels, limited ranges, and/or continuing threats. This list is primarily a working document for the CDFW’s California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB), which maintains a record of known and recorded occurrences of sensitive species. Informally listed taxa are not protected per se, but warrant consideration in the preparation of biological resources assessments.

Native Plant Protection Act
The Native Plant Protection Act (NPPA) of 1977 (California Fish and Game Code Sections 1900–1913) was created with the intent to “preserve, protect and enhance rare and endangered plants in this State.” The NPPA is administered by CDFW. The California Fish and Game Commission has the authority to designate native plants as “endangered” or “rare” and to protect endangered and rare plants from take. The CESA (California Fish and Game Code Sections 2050–2116) provided further protection for rare and endangered plant species, but the NPPA remains part of the California Fish and Game Code.

California Fish and Game Code
Fully Protected Species
The State of California first began to designate species as “fully protected” before the creation of the FESA or the CESA. Lists of fully protected species were initially developed to provide protection to animals that were rare or faced possible extinction, and included fish, amphibians and reptiles, birds, and mammals. Fully protected species are identified in the California Fish and Game Code (CFGC) Section 4700 for mammals, Section 3511 for birds, Section 5050 for reptiles and amphibians, and Section 5515 for fish. Most fully protected species have since been listed as threatened or endangered under the FESA and/or the CESA. The regulations that implement the Fully Protected Species Statute (CFGC Section 4700) provide that fully protected species may not be taken or possessed at any time. Furthermore, CDFW prohibits any state agency from issuing permits for fully protected species, except for necessary scientific research.

On July 10, 2023, Governor Gavin Newsom signed Senate Bill 147, amending California’s statutes for fully protected species. The amendments create a temporary, 10-year permitting regime that allows proponents of a limited, defined set of projects to pursue authorization from CDFW to proceed even where there could be take of one or more fully protected species. Activities for which project proponents may seek a permit are:
 A maintenance, repair, or improvement project to the State Water Project undertaken by the Department of Water Resources.
 A maintenance, repair, or improvement project to critical regional or local water agency infrastructure.  A transportation project undertaken by a state, regional, or local agency that does not increase highway or street capacity for automobile or truck travel.
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 A wind project and any appurtenant infrastructure improvement.  A solar photovoltaic project and any appurtenant infrastructure improvement.

Sections 86, 2000, and 3007
CFGC Section 86 defines “take” as hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, or attempt to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill. Section 2000 states that it is unlawful to take a bird, mammal, fish, reptile, or amphibian. Section 3007 states that it is unlawful to take a bird or mammal without a license or entitlement to do so.

Section 1600
CFGC Section 1600 requires a project proponent to notify CDFW of any proposed alteration of streambeds, rivers, and lakes. The intent is to protect habitats that are important to fish and wildlife. CDFW may review and place conditions on the project as part of a Streambed Alteration Agreement (SAA) that addresses potentially significant adverse impacts within CDFW’s jurisdictional limits.

Section 1602
Section 1602 requires any person, state, local government agency, or public utility proposing a project that may affect a river, stream, or lake to notify CDFW before beginning the project. A Lake or Streambed Alteration Agreement is required if activities will result in the diversion or obstruction of the natural flow of a stream; substantially alter its bed, channel, or bank; impact riparian vegetation; or adversely affect existing fish and wildlife resources. In Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), Section 1.72, the CDFW defines a stream (including creeks and rivers) as “a body of water that flows at least periodically or intermittently through a bed or channel having banks and supports fish or other aquatic life. This includes watercourses having a surface or subsurface flow that support or has supported riparian vegetation.” CDFW jurisdiction includes drainages with a definable bed, bank, or channel, with the jurisdictional limit being the top of bank. It also includes areas that support intermittent, perennial, or subsurface flows; support fish or other aquatic life; or support riparian or hydrophytic vegetation.

CDFW reviews the proposed actions and, if necessary, submits to the applicant a proposal for measures to protect affected fish and wildlife resources. The final proposal that is mutually agreed upon by CDFW and the applicant is the SAA. Often, projects that require an SAA also require a permit from USACE under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. In these instances, the conditions of the Section 404 permit and the SAA may overlap.

Section 2014
CFGC Section 2014 states that it is the policy of the State to conserve its natural resources and prevent the willful or negligent destruction of birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, or amphibia. The section further explains that the State may recover damages if destruction is caused to these resources and outlines how damages are measured, actions to recover damages, persons or agencies that are excluded from coverage of this section, and a definition of local agency.
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Section 4150
Section 4150 prohibits incidental or deliberate “take” of nongame mammals, including bats. Disturbance (e.g., noise, lighting) and displacement of bats from roosts and important foraging areas can potentially result in increased susceptibility to predation, reduced quality of thermal and social environments, reduced foraging efficiencies, and reduced reproductive success of maternity roosts.

Special Protection for Birds
In addition to protections in the CESA, the CFGC includes several sections that specifically protect certain birds:
 Section 3800 states that it is unlawful to take nongame birds, such as those occurring naturally in California that are not resident game birds, migratory game birds, or fully protected birds, except when in accordance with regulations of the Fish and Game Commission or a mitigation plan approved by CDFW for mining operations.
 Section 3503 prohibits the take, possession, or needless destruction of the nest or eggs of any bird.  Section 3503.5 protects birds of prey (which includes eagles, hawks, falcons, kites, ospreys, and owls) and prohibits the take, possession, or destruction of any birds and their nests.  Section 3505 makes it unlawful to take, sell, or purchase egrets, ospreys, and several exotic non-native species, or any part of these birds.
 Section 3513 specifically prohibits the take or possession of any migratory nongame bird as designated in the MBTA.

Poter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act
The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act requires “any person discharging waste, or proposing to discharge waste, within any region that could affect the waters of the State to file a report of discharge” with the RWQCB through State Wetland Definition and Procedures for Discharges of Dredged or Fill Material to Waters of the State (Procedures) (23 CCR § 3855) (SWRCB 2021). Waters of the State is defined as any surface water or groundwater, including saline waters, within the boundaries of the state (California Water Code § 13050[e]). Pollution is defined as an alteration of the quality of the waters of the State by waste to a degree that unreasonably affects its beneficial uses (California Water Code § 13050) and includes filling in waters of the State. Note that 23 CCR Section 3855 applies only to individual water quality certifications, but the new Procedures extend the application of Section 3855 to individual waste discharge requirements for discharges of dredged or fill material to waters of the State and waivers thereof.

California Environmental Quality Act
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the species meets certain criteria specified in the CEQA Guidelines. These criteria parallel the definitions used in the FESA, CESA, and NPPA. Section 15380 was included in the CEQA Guidelines primarily to address situations in which a project under review may have a significant effect on a species that has not been listed under the FESA, CESA, or NPPA, but that may meet the definition of endangered, rare, or threatened. Animal species identified as Species of Special Concern (SSC) by CDFW, birds identified as Birds of Conservation Concern by USFWS, and plants identified by the California Native Plant Society (CNPS) as rare, threatened, or endangered may meet the CEQA definition of rare or endangered.

Species of Special Concern
CDFW defines a species of special concern (SSC) as a species, subspecies, or distinct population of an animal native to California that is not legally protected under FESA, CESA, or the CFGC but currently satisfies one or more of the following criteria:
 The species has been completely extirpated from the state or, as in the case of birds, it has been extirpated from its primary seasonal or breeding role.
 The species is federally (but not state) listed as threatened or endangered or meets the state definition of threatened or endangered but has not been formally listed.  The species has or is experiencing serious (noncyclical) population declines or range retractions (not reversed) that, if continued or resumed, could qualify it for state threatened or endangered status.  The species has naturally small populations that exhibit high susceptibility to risk from any factor that, if realized, could lead to declines that would qualify it for state threatened or endangered status.  An SSC is typically associated with habitats that are threatened.

Depending on the policy of the lead agency, projects that result in substantial impacts to SSC may be considered to have a potentially significant impact under CEQA.

California Rare Plant Ranks
The CNPS maintains the Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California, a list of plant species native to California that are threatened with extinction, have limited distributions, or have low populations. Plant species meeting one of these criteria are assigned to one of six California Rare Plant Ranks (CRPR). The ranking system was developed in collaboration with government, academia, non-governmental organizations, and private sector botanists, and is jointly managed by CDFW and the CNPS. The CRPRs are currently recognized in the CNDDB. The following are definitions of the CRPRs:
 Rare Plant Rank 1A: Presumed extirpated in California and either rare or extinct elsewhere.  Rare Plant Rank 1B: Rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere.  Rare Plant Rank 2A: Presumed extirpated in California, but more common elsewhere.  Rare Plant Rank 2B: Rare, threatened, or endangered in California but more common elsewhere. 250

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 Rare Plant Rank 3: A review list of plants about which more information is needed.  Rare Plant Rank 4: A watch list of plants of limited distribution.

Additionally, CNPS has defined “threat ranks” that are added to the CRPR as an extension. Threat ranks designate the level of threat on a scale of 1 through 3, with 1 being the most threatened and 3 being the least threatened. Threat ranks are generally present for all plants ranked 1B, 2B, or 4, and for the majority of plants ranked 3. Plant species ranked 1A and 2A (presumed extirpated in California) and some species ranked 3, which lack threat information, do not typically have a threat rank extension. The following are definitions of the CNPS threat ranks:
 Threat Rank 0.1: Seriously threatened in California (more than 80 percent of occurrences threatened/high degree and immediacy of threat).
 Threat Rank 0.2: Moderately threatened in California (20 to 80 percent occurrences threatened/moderate degree and immediacy of threat).
 Threat Rank 0.3: Not very threatened in California (less than 20 percent of occurrences threatened/low degree and immediacy of threat or no current threats known).

Factors such as habitat vulnerability and specificity, distribution, and condition of occurrences are considered in setting the threat rank; differences in threat ranks do not constitute additional or different protection (ECORP 2024).

Depending on the policy of the lead agency, substantial impacts to plants ranked 1A, 1B, 2, and 3 are typically considered significant under CEQA Guidelines Section 15380. Significance under CEQA is typically evaluated on a case-by-case basis for plants ranked 4 and at the discretion of the CEQA lead agency.

Sensitive Natural Communities
The CDFW maintains the California Natural Community List of vegetation alliances, associations, and special stands, as defined in The Manual of California Vegetation, along with their respective state and global rarity ranks.

Natural communities with a state rarity rank of S1, S2, or S3 are considered sensitive natural communities.

Depending on the policy of the lead agency, impacts to sensitive natural communities may be considered significant under CEQA.

California Oak Woodlands Conservation Act
The California Oak Woodlands Conservation Act was passed in 2001 and provides funding for conservation and protection of California oak woodlands. This act mandates the California Wildlife Conservation Board to establish a grant program designed to protect and restore oak woodlands using conservation easements, costshare and long-term agreements, technical assistance, and public education and outreach. The grant program provides incentives designed to foster the voluntary conservation of oak woodlands.

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landowners that participate in the Oak Woodlands Conservation Program and must certify that individual proposals are consistent with the county or city oak woodlands management plan.

Regional Regulations
Riverside County Oak Tree Management Guidelines
The Countywide guidelines presented in this section are meant to “address the treatment of oak woodlands in areas where zoning and/or general plan density restrictions will allow the effective use of clustering.” These guidelines are meant to reduce project impacts to oak trees to a level to a low level of significance, however they do not exempt a project from being reviewed pursuant to CEQA.

Below is a summary of the guidelines:
 A biological study will be required for all applications on properties that contain oak trees. This will include an inventory of vegetation including the location and size of individual oak trees that are two inches diameter-at-breast-height or larger. This includes the evaluation of dead or dying trees for their potential value to cavity nesting birds.
 Impacts of the proposed development identified and quantified.  Options for mitigation measures if impacts cannot be avoided.  A biological report including mitigation, consistent with CEQA and applicable State or County codes and ordinances. (ECORP 2024)
Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan The City of Wildomar is located within the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP). The Western Riverside County MSHCP is a plan to conserve species and their habitats in western Riverside County. It covers 146 species, of which 118 are considered to be adequately conserved. The goal of the MSHCP is to maintain biological diversity while improving future economic development in the county.

The MSHCP allows signatories to issue "take" authorizations for all species covered by the MSHCP, including state- and federally listed species, as well as other identified sensitive species and/or their habitats. Each city or local jurisdiction will impose a Development Mitigation Fee for projects within their jurisdiction. With payment of the mitigation fee to the county and compliance with the survey requirements and Section 6.0 of the MSHCP, full mitigation in compliance with CEQA, NEPA, CESA, and FESA will be achieved.

The Development Mitigation Fee varies according to project size and project description and is dependent on development density.
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Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat Conservation Plan
Within Riverside County is an established long-term Stephens’ kangaroo rat habitat conservation plan (HCP).

The Stephens’ kangaroo rat HCP is administered by the Riverside County Habitat Conservation Agency (RCHCA) and aims to conserve 15,000 acres of occupied Stephens’ kangaroo rat habitat. To date, more than 46,000 acres have been assembled in western Riverside County for this species. The RCHCA has a Section 10A permit granted by USFWS that allows for take of Stephens’ kangaroo rat as part of development activity. FESA defines take as any attempt to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct as it relates to Stephens’ kangaroo rat. As individual projects are proposed and approved in the Stephens’ kangaroo rat HCP area, public and private land developers are required to pay a Stephens’ kangaroo rat mitigation fee for land that is developed and removes Stephens’ kangaroo rat habitat. This streamlined process benefits developers in the Stephens’ kangaroo rat HCP area because projects in this area do not require individual review and approval by the wildlife agencies.

The activities covered by the plan fall into three categories:

1. Actions by private landowners, local and regional public agencies, public and private utilities, and farmers that are otherwise lawful but constitute incidental take of Stephens’ kangaroo rat as defined by the FESA and CESA.

2. Establishment and management of permanent Stephens’ kangaroo rat reserves by the RCHCA in cooperation with other public agencies and individual landowners.

3. Implementation by the RCHCA and its member agencies of the conservation, mitigation, and monitoring measures specified in this plan.

The current Mitigation Fee is $500 per gross acre of the parcels proposed for development within the Stephens’ kangaroo rat HCP fee area.

The majority of the City is within the Stephens’ kangaroo rat fee area, as shown on Figure 5.4-1, Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat Plan Area.

Area Plans
The Riverside County General Plan is augmented by detailed Area Plans that cover Riverside County’s territory.

The Area Plans provide a clear and more focused opportunity to enhance community identity within the County and stimulate quality of life at the community-level.

Elsinore Area Plan
Wildomar is in the Elsinore Area Plan and this document, along with the 2003 Riverside County General Plan and 2015 Riverside County General Plan Amendment, are the City’s principal policy documents for future conservation and development.
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uarantee
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r.

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IES RESERVE
NOT A
PART
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Source: Riverside County Habitat Conservation Agency 2018.

PlaceWorks
0 Scale (Miles)
6 City of Wildomar Boundary
Figure 5.4-1 - Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat Plan Area

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
LAKE

NORCONIAN

CITY OF
NORCO

CITY OF

EASTVALE

CITY OF
CORONA
Map Source - County of Riverside, TLMA/GIS
Map Created By Vinnie Nguyen
\Projects\RCHCA\CRB_Project\mxds\SKR Plan Area (All)\SKRPlanArea_UpdatedVinnieNov142018.mxd Coordinate System: NAD83 State Plane VI FIPS0406 (Feet) Disclaimer: Maps and data are to be used for reference purposes only. Map features are approximate, and are not necessarily accurate to surveying or engineering standards. The County of Riverside makes no warranty or guarantee as to the content (the source is often third party), accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of any of the data provided, and assumes no legal responsibility for the information contained on this map. Any use of this product with respect to accuracy and precision shall be the sole responsibility of the user.

SKR CORE RESERVES
SKR HCP Boundary Modification - 06/2007

1. LAKE MATHEWS / ESTELLE MOUNTAIN

2. SYCAMORE CANYON

3. STEELE PEAK

4. MOTTE / RIMROCK

5. SAN JACINTO/LAKE PERRIS

6. POTRERO ACEC

7. SOUTHWEST RIVERSIDE COUNTY MULTI-SPECIES RESERVE

8. POTRERO RESERVE
´
SKR HCP Map Modification By Vinnie - 12/12/2018
!"a$
0 1.5 3 6 9 12
Miles
County of Riverside Locator Map
Major Roads
Highways
SKR Plan Area
County of Riverside
Cities
Waterbodies Excluded From Core Reserve
County of Riverside
County of San Diego
SKR Core Reserves
254

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR

5. Environmental Analysis

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Conservation goals of the Elsinore Area Plan that pertain to the City include preserving core areas and linkages as well as sensitive plant and wildlife species and their habitat. The target conservation acreage range for this Area Plan is 66,500 to 73,315 acres. This includes approximately 54,800 acres of existing public-quasi public Lands and 11,700 to 18,515 acres of Additional Reserve Lands (ECORP 2024).

Southwest Area Plan
Conservation goals of the Southwest Area Plan that pertain to the City include preserving core areas and linkages as well as sensitive plant and wildlife species and their habitat (ECORP 2024). The target conservation acreage range for this Area Plan is 58,295 to 72,155 acres. This includes approximately 35,795 acres of existing public-quasi public lands and 22,500 to 36,360 acres of Additional Reserve Lands.

Local Regulations
City of Wildomar Municipal
Chapter 3.42 MSHCP Mitigation Fee
Chapter 3.42, MSHCP Mitigation Fee, of the Wildomar Municipal Code, ensures that all new development in the City pays its fair share of the costs of acquiring and preserving vegetation communities and natural areas that are known to support plant and wildlife species covered by the MSHCP. The development impact fees for residential, commercial, and industrial development have been set up as a funding source to pay for mitigating the direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts of development on the natural ecosystems. These fees will be used to finance the acquisition and perpetual conservation of the natural ecosystems and certain improvements necessary to implement the goals and objectives of the MSHCP.

Chapter 3.43, Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat Mitigation Fee
The purpose of Chapter 3.43, Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat Mitigation Fee is to finance the preparation, development, and implementation of a habitat conservation plan, including acquisition of habitat reserve sites and the application for a Section 10(a) permit under the FESA. The chapter also provides a method for mitigation of impacts to the Stephens’ kangaroo rat caused by the loss of its habitat due to development during the preparation and implementation of a habitat conservation plan and provide for habitat mitigation to be identified in the habitat conservation plan.

Section 3.44.250, Tree Removal Fees
The City may charge a fee for a tree removal permit under Section 12.08.050 of the Municipal Code, as established by resolution of the City Council.

Section 12.08.050 Tree Removal
Section 12.08.050 indicates that no tree within the right-of-way shall be removed or severely trimmed without first obtaining a permit from the Transportation Director. The Transportation Director may impose conditions as deemed necessary.
255

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR

5. Environmental Analysis

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
May 2024 Page 5.4-13

5.4.1.2 EXISTING CONDITIONS
Conserved Lands and Criteria Cells
Conserved lands are areas that have been protected from development or other changes in use to preserve their natural or historical values. A criteria cell is a roughly 160-acre rectangle overlaid onto parcels in the MSHCP area and that has areas described for conservation (RCA 2023). Criteria cells are used to identify areas where development may be restricted or mitigated to protect covered species and their habitat. When a development project is proposed within a criteria cell, the applicant must undergo a review process to ensure that the project will not have a significant impact on covered species. If the project is approved, the applicant may be required to mitigate for any impacts by acquiring and preserving additional habitat or providing funding for conservation efforts (RCTLMA 2023a).

The City overlaps with all or portions of 33 Criteria Cells, depicted on Figure 5.4-2, MSHCP Reserve Assembly.

Covered activities in the Criteria Area2 are discussed in Section 7.3 of the MSHCP. Covered activities include:
 Public and private development consistent with MSHCP Criteria (MSHCP Section 7.3.1)  Single-family homes on existing parcels within the Criteria Area (MSHCP Section 7.3.2)  Agricultural Lands within the Criteria Area (MSHCP Section 7.3.3)  Existing roads within the Criteria Area (MSHCP Section 7.3.4); for additional information on covered road maintenance activities within the Criteria Area, please reference MSHCP, Section 7.3.4.  Planned roads within the Criteria Area (MSHCP Section 7.3.5)  State Park facilities (MSHCP Section 7.3.6)
 Flood control facilities (MSHCP Section 7.3.7)
 Waste management facilities (MSHCP Section 7.3.8)
 Future facilities necessary to support planned development including water/wastewater facilities, electrical utility facilities, and natural gas facilities (MSHCP Section 7.3.9) There are currently 842 acres of MSHCP Conserved Lands throughout the MSHCP area, and conserved lands are located throughout the City, as shown on Figure 5.4-3, MSHCP Criteria Area Species, Critical Habitat, and Conserved Lands.
2 Criteria Area means the general area designated and denoted as “Criteria Area,” comprised of land from which new habitat conservation within the MSHCP Conservation will be assembled. 256
California
Oaks
Road
California Oaks
Road
Clinton Keith Road Clinton Keith Road
Railroad Canyon Road
Railroad Canyon Road
15 4646 4647 4648 4649 4651 4656
4740 4742 4743 4745 4747
5342 5350 5351 5352 5354 5355 5356 5357
5455 5456 5457 5458 5459 5460
5558 5559 5561 5562
5988 5983
6100 6098 6095
5038 5036 5033 5044 5045 5049 5046
5140 5137 5131 5149 5145
5240 5248 5247 5245 5252 5253 5254
4759 4749
4843 4844 4845 4846 4838 4847 4848 4849
4940 4939 4937 4945 4946 4951
0 0.75 I Miles
Location: N:\2022\2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update\MAPS\Biological_Resources\Biological Resources.aprx - Wildomar MSHCP Reserve (trotellini - 11/17/2023) Figure 2A. MSHCP Reserve Assembly Map Date: 11/17/2023
Sources: ESRI, Placeworks, RCIT
Other Related Info if Needed
2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update
Map Contents
City Limits
WRMSHCP Reserve Assembly
Wildomar WRMSHCP Criteria Cells
WRMSHCP Criteria Cells
Area Plan Subunits - Within City Limits
SU3 - Elsinore
SU4 - Sedco Hills
Area Plan Subunits - Outside City Limits
SU1 - Murrieta Creek
SU2 - Lower Sedco Hills
SU5 - French Valley/Lower Sedco Hills
Habitat Management Units
Forest Service Trabuco
Menifee
Santa Ana Mountains
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
0 Scale (Miles)

0.75 City of Wildomar Boundary
Figure 5.4-2 - MSHCP Reserve Assembly

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
California
Oaks
Road
California Oaks
Road
Clinton Keith Road Clinton Keith Road
Railroad Canyon Road
Railroad Canyon Road
15 4646 4647 4648 4649 4651 4656
4740 4742 4743 4745 4747
5342 5350 5351 5352 5354 5355 5356 5357
5455 5456 5457 5458 5459 5460
5558 5559 5561 5562
5988 5983
6100 6098 6095
5038 5036 5033 5044 5045 5049 5046
5140 5137 5131 5149 5145
5240 5248 5247 5245 5252 5253 5254
4759 4749
4843 4844 4845 4846 4838 4847 4848 4849
4940 4939 4937 4945 4946 4951
0 0.75 I Miles
Location: N:\2022\2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update\MAPS\Biological_Resources\Biological Resources.aprx - Wildomar MSHCP Reserve (trotellini - 11/17/2023) Figure 2A. MSHCP Reserve Assembly Map Date: 11/17/2023
Sources: ESRI, Placeworks, RCIT
Other Related Info if Needed
2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update
Map Contents
City Limits
WRMSHCP Reserve Assembly
Wildomar WRMSHCP Criteria Cells
WRMSHCP Criteria Cells
Area Plan Subunits - Within City Limits
SU3 - Elsinore
SU4 - Sedco Hills
Area Plan Subunits - Outside City Limits
SU1 - Murrieta Creek
SU2 - Lower Sedco Hills
SU5 - French Valley/Lower Sedco Hills
Habitat Management Units
Forest Service Trabuco
Menifee
Santa Ana Mountains
California
Oaks
Road
California Oaks
Road
Clinton Keith Road Clinton Keith Road
Railroad Canyon Road
Railroad Canyon Road
15 4646 4647 4648 4649 4651 4656
4740 4742 4743 4745 4747
5342 5350 5351 5352 5354 5355 5356 5357
5455 5456 5457 5458 5459 5460
5558 5559 5561 5562
5988 5983
6100 6098 6095
5038 5036 5033 5044 5045 5049 5046
5140 5137 5131 5149 5145
5240 5248 5247 5245 5252 5253 5254
4759 4749
4843 4844 4845 4846 4838 4847 4848 4849
4940 4939 4937 4945 4946 4951
0 0.75 I Miles
Location: N:\2022\2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update\MAPS\Biological_Resources\Biological Resources.aprx - Wildomar MSHCP Reserve (trotellini - 11/17/2023) Figure 2A. MSHCP Reserve Assembly Map Date: 11/17/2023
Sources: ESRI, Placeworks, RCIT
Other Related Info if Needed
2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update
Map Contents
City Limits
WRMSHCP Reserve Assembly
Wildomar WRMSHCP Criteria Cells
WRMSHCP Criteria Cells
Area Plan Subunits - Within City Limits
SU3 - Elsinore
SU4 - Sedco Hills
Area Plan Subunits - Outside City Limits
SU1 - Murrieta Creek
SU2 - Lower Sedco Hills
SU5 - French Valley/Lower Sedco Hills
Habitat Management Units
Forest Service Trabuco
Menifee
Santa Ana Mountains
215
15 15
74 CALIFORNIA
257
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° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° California Oaks
Road
California Oaks
Road
Clinton Keith Road Clinton Keith Road
Railroad Canyon Road
Railroad Canyon Road
15 4646 4647 4648 4649 4651 4656
4740 4742 4743 4745 4747
5342 5350 5351 5352 5354 5355 5356 5357
5455 5456 5457 5458 5459 5460
5558 5559 5561 5562
5988 5983
6100 6098 6095
5038 5036 5033 5044 5045 5049 5046
5140 5137 5131 5149 5145
5240 5248 5247 5245 5252 5253 5254
4759 4749
4843 4844 4845 4846 4838 4847 4848 4849
4940 4939 4937 4945 4946 4951
0 0.75 I Miles
Location: N:\2022\2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update\MAPS\Biological_Resources\Biological Resources.aprx - Wildomar WRMSHCP_CritHab_V2 (trotellini - 11/17/2023) Figure 2B. MSHCP Criteria Area Species, Critical Habitat, and Conserved Lands Map Date: 11/17/2023 Sources: ESRI, Placeworks, RCIT, USFWS
Other Related Info if Needed
2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update
Map Contents
City Limits
Wildomar WRMSHCP Criteria Cells
WRMSHCP Criteria Cells
Critical Habitat
Coastal California gnatcatcher
Western Riverside MSHCP Conserved Lands
Public Quasi-Public (PQP) Conserved Lands
MSHCP Conserved Lands
MSHCP Easements
Western Riverside MSHCP Criteria Area Species Areas
° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °
San jacinto valley crownscale (Atriplex coronata var.
notatior), Parish's saltbush (Atriplex parishii),
Davidson's saltbush (Atriplex serenana var.
davidsonii), Thread leaved brodiaea (Brodiaea
filifolia), Round leaved filaree (Erodium
macrophyllum), Smooth tarplant (Centromadia
pungens ssp. laevis), Coulter's goldfields (Lasthenia
glabrata ssp. coulteri), Little mouse tail (Myosurus
minimus) Area
° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °
Davidson's saltbush (Atriplex serenana var.
davidsonii), Parish's saltbush (Atriplex parishii),
Thread leaved brodiaea (Brodiaea filifolia), Smooth
tarplant (Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis), Round
leaved filaree (Erodium macrophyllum), Coulter's
goldfields (Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri), Little
mouse tail (Myosurus minimus) Area
° ° ° ° ° ° ° °
Davidson's saltbush (Atriplex serenana var.
davidsonii), Parish's saltbush (Atriplex parishii),
Round leaved filaree (Erodium macrophyllum),
Coulter's goldfields (Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri) Santa ana pitchersage (Lepechinia cardiophylla),
Prostrate navarretia (Navarretia prostrata) Area
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
0 Scale (Miles)

0.75 City of Wildomar Boundary
Figure 5.4-3 - MSHCP Criteria Area Species, Critical Habitat, and Conserved Land

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
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° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° California Oaks
Road
California Oaks
Road
Clinton Keith Road Clinton Keith Road
Railroad Canyon Road
Railroad Canyon Road
15 4646 4647 4648 4649 4651 4656
4740 4742 4743 4745 4747
5342 5350 5351 5352 5354 5355 5356 5357
5455 5456 5457 5458 5459 5460
5558 5559 5561 5562
5988 5983
6100 6098 6095
5038 5036 5033 5044 5045 5049 5046
5140 5137 5131 5149 5145
5240 5248 5247 5245 5252 5253 5254
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4843 4844 4845 4846 4838 4847 4848 4849
4940 4939 4937 4945 4946 4951
0 0.75 I Miles
Location: N:\2022\2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update\MAPS\Biological_Resources\Biological Resources.aprx - Wildomar WRMSHCP_CritHab_V2 (trotellini - 11/17/2023) Figure 2B. MSHCP Criteria Area Species, Critical Habitat, and Conserved Lands Map Date: 11/17/2023 Sources: ESRI, Placeworks, RCIT, USFWS
Other Related Info if Needed
2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update
Map Contents
City Limits
Wildomar WRMSHCP Criteria Cells
WRMSHCP Criteria Cells
Critical Habitat
Coastal California gnatcatcher
Western Riverside MSHCP Conserved Lands
Public Quasi-Public (PQP) Conserved Lands
MSHCP Conserved Lands
MSHCP Easements
Western Riverside MSHCP Criteria Area Species Areas
° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °
San jacinto valley crownscale (Atriplex coronata var.
notatior), Parish's saltbush (Atriplex parishii),
Davidson's saltbush (Atriplex serenana var.
davidsonii), Thread leaved brodiaea (Brodiaea
filifolia), Round leaved filaree (Erodium
macrophyllum), Smooth tarplant (Centromadia
pungens ssp. laevis), Coulter's goldfields (Lasthenia
glabrata ssp. coulteri), Little mouse tail (Myosurus
minimus) Area
° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °
Davidson's saltbush (Atriplex serenana var.
davidsonii), Parish's saltbush (Atriplex parishii),
Thread leaved brodiaea (Brodiaea filifolia), Smooth
tarplant (Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis), Round
leaved filaree (Erodium macrophyllum), Coulter's
goldfields (Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri), Little
mouse tail (Myosurus minimus) Area
° ° ° ° ° ° ° °
Davidson's saltbush (Atriplex serenana var.
davidsonii), Parish's saltbush (Atriplex parishii),
Round leaved filaree (Erodium macrophyllum),
Coulter's goldfields (Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri) Santa ana pitchersage (Lepechinia cardiophylla),
Prostrate navarretia (Navarretia prostrata) Area
215
15 15
74 CALIFORNIA
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5. Environmental Analysis

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

According to Section 7.4 of the MSHCP, the following uses are considered allowable uses within the MSHCP Conservation Area:
 Reserve management, monitoring, and scientific research activities (MSHCP Section 7.4.1)  Emergency, safety, and police services (MSHCP Section 7.4.1)  Emergency repairs (MSHCP Section 7.4.1)
 Conditionally compatible uses such as public access and recreation (MSHCP Section 7.4.2) Reserve Assembly
The City is in the Elsinore Area Plan in Subunit 3, Elsinore, and Subunit 4, Sedco Hills. The City is also adjacent to Subunit 1, Murrieta Creek; Subunit 2, Lower Sedco Hills; and Subunit 5, French Valley/Lower Sedco Hills.

The City is in the Santa Ana Mountains and Menifee Habitat Management Units, and adjacent to the Forest Service Trabuco Habitat Management Unit. Figure 5.4-2 shows the locations of the subunits.

The City is within Species Survey Areas for narrow endemic plants, criteria area species, and burrowing owl.

The City is within the Criteria Area Species survey area for San Jacinto Valley crownscale (Atriplex coronata var. notatior), Parish’s brittlescale (Atriplex parishii), Davidson’s saltscale (Atriplex sernana var. davidsonii), thread-leaved brodiaea (Brodiaea filifolia), round-leaved filaree (Calfornia macrophylla), smooth tarplant (Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis), Coulter’s goldfields (Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri), little mousetail (Myosurus minimus ssp. apus), and mud nama (Nama stenocarpa). The City is within the Narrow Endemic Plants survey area for Munz’s onion (Allium munzii), San Diego ambrosia (Ambrosia pumila), many-stemmed dudleya (Dudleya multicaulis), spreading navarretia (Navarretia fossalis), California Orcutt grass (Orcuttia californica), and Wright’s trichocoronis (Trichocoronis wrightii var. wrightii). The City is also adjacent to the Cleveland National Forest, of which portions are public-quasi public lands.

Elsinore Area Plan
Subunit 3, Elsinore
The target acreage range for Additional Reserve Lands within the Elsinore subunit is 925 to 1,815 acres. Species of conservation focus within this subunit are American bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), Bell’s sage sparrow (Artemisiospiza belli), black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), least Bell’s vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus), loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), mountain plover (Charadrius montanus), northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus), white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi), white-tailed kite (Elanus leucurus), Quino checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas Editha quino), Riverside fairy shrimp (Streptocephalus woottoni), bobcat (Lynx rufus), western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata), Munz’s onion, San Diego ambrosia, and smooth tarplant.

Subunit 4, Sedco Hills
The target acreage range for Additional Reserve Lands within the Sedco Hills subunit is 2,415 to 3,845 acres.

Species of conservation focus within this subunit are Bell’s sage sparrow, coastal California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica), least Bell’s vireo, southern California rufous-crowned sparrow (Aimophila ruficeps 259

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

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5. Environmental Analysis

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
May 2024 Page 5.4-17
canescens), southwestern willow flycatcher, Quino checkerspot butterfly, bobcat, Stephens’ kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi), and western pond turtle.

Southwest Area Plan
The Southwest Area Plan is adjacent to the City. While Criteria Cells within this Area Plan are adjacent to the City, they are included in conservation considerations for Criteria Cells within the City. Figure 5.4-2 shows the locations of the subunit.

Subunit 5, French Valley/Lower Sedco Hills
The target acreage range for Additional Reserve Lands within this subunit is 4,630 to 7,395 acres. Species of conservation focus within this subunit are Bell’s sage sparrow, California horned lark, coastal California gnatcatcher, Swainson’s hawk (Buteo swainsoni), grasshopper sparrow, southern California rufouscrowned sparrow, Quino checkerspot butterfly, bobcat, Los Angeles pocket mouse (Perognathus longimembris brevinasus), western pond turtle, long-spined spine flower (Chorizanthe polygonoides var. longispina), Munz’s onion, and Palmer’s grapplinghook (Harpagonella palmeri). Biological issues and considerations from the MSHCP follow.

Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
The City encompasses the foothills of the Santa Margarita Mountains and Elsinore Mountains and is located in southwest corner of Riverside County. Murrieta Creek flows through the western portion of the City, running north-south. The City is mostly developed; however, it does contain some additional land cover types and vegetation communities. Land cover types are primarily those that are not defined by a specific species of vegetation according to the CNPS.

The CNDDB database was reviewed to determine the general vegetation communities that occur within the City. Vegetation communities and land cover types according to the MSHCP are shown on Figure 5.4-4a through Figure 5.4-4o, Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types. It is important to note that the vegetation communities and land cover type descriptions that follow are according to broad community descriptions provided in the MSCHP. These descriptions are not representative of detailed vegetation communities within the City. Rather, they are generalized descriptions for the vegetation community/land cover type.

Agricultural Land
Agricultural areas consist of any areas of the City that are under active cultivation, either irrigated or not. Areas mapped as agriculture include crop fields and orchards, dairy and livestock feedyards, field croplands, groves and orchards.
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Wildomar City Limits
Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Agriculture Mapping Unit
Brittlebush - California Buckwheat Mapping Unit
Brittlebush - California Sagebrush Association
California Annual Grassland Alliance
California Buckwheat Alliance
California Sagebrush - California Buckwheat - (Black Sage - Yellow Bush Penstemon) Mapping Unit
Chamise - Coastal Sage Scrub Disturbance Mapping Unit
Chamise - Hoaryleaf Ceanothus - Black Sage Association
Chamise - Hoaryleaf Ceanothus Alliance
Deerweed Alliance
Eucalyptus Alliance
Exotic Trees Mapping Unit
Urban Interface Mapping Unit
Urban or development Mapping Unit
Vacant (disturbed bare ground, <2% vegetative cover) Mapping Unit
White Sage - Brittlebush Association
Willow Mapping Unit
Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Sheet 1 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 5.4-4a - Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

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ECORP: N:\2022\2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update\MAPS\Vegetation_and_LandCover\WildomarGP_Vegetation.mxd (TR)-trotellini 10/13/2023 Service Layer Credits: (c) OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons-Share Alike License (CCBY-SA) Map Features
Wildomar City Limits
Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Brittlebush - California Buckwheat Mapping Unit
Brittlebush - California Sagebrush Association
California Annual Grassland Alliance
California Buckwheat Alliance
California Sagebrush - California Buckwheat - (Black Sage - Yellow Bush Penstemon) Mapping Unit
California Sagebrush - White Sage Alliance
Chamise - Black Sage Alliance
Chamise - Coastal Sage Scrub Disturbance Mapping Unit
Chamise - Hoaryleaf Ceanothus - Black Sage Association
Chamise - Hoaryleaf Ceanothus Alliance
Chamise Pure Association
Coast Live Oak / Chaparral Association
Coast Live Oak Alliance
Exotic Trees Mapping Unit
Urban Interface Mapping Unit
Urban or development Mapping Unit
Vacant (disturbed bare ground, <2% vegetative cover) Mapping Unit
White Sage - Brittlebush Association
Willow Mapping Unit
Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Sheet 2 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 5.4-4b - Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
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ECORP: N:\2022\2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update\MAPS\Vegetation_and_LandCover\WildomarGP_Vegetation.mxd (TR)-trotellini 10/13/2023 Service Layer Credits: (c) OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons-Share Alike License (CCBY-SA) Map Features
Wildomar City Limits
Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Brittlebush - California Buckwheat Mapping Unit
Brittlebush - California Sagebrush Association
California Annual Grassland Alliance
California Buckwheat Alliance
California Sagebrush - California Buckwheat - (Black Sage - Yellow Bush Penstemon) Mapping Unit
California Sycamore Alliance
Chamise - Black Sage Alliance
Chamise - California Buckwheat Association
Chamise - Coastal Sage Scrub Disturbance Mapping Unit
Chamise - Hoaryleaf Ceanothus - Black Sage Association
Chamise Alliance
Chamise Pure Association
Coast Live Oak / Chaparral Association
Coast Live Oak / Poison Oak Riparian Association
Coast Live Oak Alliance
Eucalyptus Alliance
Fremont Cottonwood - Willow Mapping Unit
Urban Interface Mapping Unit
Urban or development Mapping Unit
Vacant (disturbed bare ground, <2% vegetative cover) Mapping Unit
Water Mapping Unit
Willow Mapping Unit
Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Sheet 3 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
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Figure 5.4-4c - Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

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ECORP: N:\2022\2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update\MAPS\Vegetation_and_LandCover\WildomarGP_Vegetation.mxd (TR)-trotellini 10/13/2023 Service Layer Credits: (c) OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons-Share Alike License (CCBY-SA) Map Features
Wildomar City Limits
Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Agriculture Mapping Unit
Urban Interface Mapping Unit
Urban or development Mapping Unit
Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Sheet 4 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
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Figure 5.4-4d - Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

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ECORP: N:\2022\2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update\MAPS\Vegetation_and_LandCover\WildomarGP_Vegetation.mxd (TR)-trotellini 10/13/2023 Service Layer Credits: (c) OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons-Share Alike License (CCBY-SA) Map Features
Wildomar City Limits
Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Agriculture Mapping Unit
Brittlebush - California Buckwheat Mapping Unit
California Buckwheat Alliance
California Sagebrush - (California Buckwheat) - Annual GrassHerb Mapping Unit Chamise - Coastal Sage Scrub Disturbance Mapping Unit
Chamise - Hoaryleaf Ceanothus - Black Sage Association
Chamise - Hoaryleaf Ceanothus Alliance
Coast Live Oak Alliance
Exotic Trees Mapping Unit
Fremont Cottonwood - Willow Mapping Unit
Urban Interface Mapping Unit
Urban or development Mapping Unit
Vacant (disturbed bare ground, <2% vegetative cover) Mapping Unit
Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Sheet 5 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 5.4-4e - Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
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ECORP: N:\2022\2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update\MAPS\Vegetation_and_LandCover\WildomarGP_Vegetation.mxd (TR)-trotellini 10/13/2023 Service Layer Credits: (c) OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons-Share Alike License (CCBY-SA) Map Features
Wildomar City Limits
Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Agriculture Mapping Unit
Brittlebush - California Buckwheat Mapping Unit
Brittlebush - California Sagebrush Association
California Annual Grassland Alliance
California Buckwheat - Brittlebush Alliance
California Buckwheat Alliance
California Sycamore Alliance
Chamise - Black Sage Alliance
Chamise - California Buckwheat Association
Chamise - Coastal Sage Scrub Disturbance Mapping Unit
Chamise - Hoaryleaf Ceanothus - Black Sage Association
Chamise - Hoaryleaf Ceanothus Alliance
Chamise - Laurel Sumac Association
Chamise Pure Association
Coast Live Oak - Sycamore Riparian Mapping Unit
Coast Live Oak / Chaparral Association
Coast Live Oak Alliance
Eucalyptus Alliance
Exotic Trees Mapping Unit
Hoaryleaf Ceanothus Alliance
Laurel Sumac - California Buckwheat Association
Urban Interface Mapping Unit
Urban or development Mapping Unit
Vacant (disturbed bare ground, <2% vegetative cover) Mapping Unit
Water Mapping Unit
Willow Mapping Unit
Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Sheet 6 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 5.4-4f - Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
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Wildomar City Limits
Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
California Annual Grassland Alliance
California Buckwheat - White Sage - (California Sagebrush) Mapping Unit
California Buckwheat Alliance
California Sagebrush - California Buckwheat - Laurel Sumac Association
Chamise - Black Sage Alliance
Chamise - Coastal Sage Scrub Disturbance Mapping Unit
Chamise - Hoaryleaf Ceanothus - Black Sage Association
Chamise - Laurel Sumac Association
Chamise Pure Association
Coast Live Oak - Sycamore Riparian Mapping Unit
Coast Live Oak / Chaparral Association
Coast Live Oak Alliance
Eucalyptus Alliance
Laurel Sumac Alliance
Urban Interface Mapping Unit
Urban or development Mapping Unit
Water Mapping Unit
Willow Mapping Unit
Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Sheet 7 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 5.4-4g - Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
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ECORP: N:\2022\2022-077 Wildomar General Plan Update\MAPS\Vegetation_and_LandCover\WildomarGP_Vegetation.mxd (TR)-trotellini 10/13/2023 Service Layer Credits: (c) OpenStreetMap and contributors, Creative Commons-Share Alike License (CCBY-SA) Map Features
Wildomar City Limits
Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Agriculture Mapping Unit
Brittlebush - California Buckwheat Mapping Unit
California Annual Grassland Alliance
California Buckwheat Alliance
California Chaparral Mapping Unit
Chamise - Black Sage Alliance
Chamise - California Buckwheat Association
Chamise - Coastal Sage Scrub Disturbance Mapping Unit
Chamise - Hoaryleaf Ceanothus Alliance
Chamise - Laurel Sumac Association
Coast Live Oak - Sycamore Riparian Mapping Unit
Coast Live Oak Alliance
Deerweed Alliance
Laurel Sumac - California Buckwheat Association
Unmapped Area
Urban Interface Mapping Unit
Urban or development Mapping Unit
Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Sheet 8 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
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Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Sheet 10 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
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Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
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Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
Sheet 13 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
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Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Figure 4. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types
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Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority Vegetation (2012 CNPS) 2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

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Chaparral
This vegetation community is primarily shrub-dominated with evergreen species that range from 1 to 4 meters in height. Common shrubs associated with this general community include chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp.), wild lilac (Ceanothus spp.), oak (Quercus sp.), redberry (Rhamnus sp.), laurel sumac (Malosma laurina), mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus betuloides), toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), mission manzanita (Xylococcus bicolor), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), sages (Salvia spp.), California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), and monkeyflower (Mimulus sp.). Herbaceous species are also common such as deerweed (Acmispon glaber), nightshade (Solanum sp.), Spanish bayonet (Yucca baccata), rock-rose (Cistus sp.), onion (Allium sp.), bunch grasses (Festuca spp.), wild cucumber (Marah sp.), bedstraw (Galium sp.), and lupine (Lupinus sp.).

Coastal Sage Scrub
This vegetation community is often found distributed within other vegetation communities such as grassland and chapparal and oak or riparian woodlands. This community is often dominated by drought-deciduous shrub and subshrub species. Species commonly associated with this community include California sagebrush, California buckwheat, laurel sumac, sages, brittlebush (Encelia farinosa), lemonadeberry (Rhus intefrifolia), boxthorn (Lycium sp.), and sugarbush (Rhus ovata).

Grassland
This vegetation community can consist of two general types of grasslands: non-native grassland dominated by annual grasses and native grassland dominated by perennial grass species. The latter is often referred to as Valley and Foothill Grassland, and the former is referred to as Non-native Grassland.

Within Valley and Foothill Grassland, common species include fiddleneck (Amsinckia menziesii), common calyptridium (Calyptridium monospermum), suncup (Camissoniopsis sp.), Chinese houses (Collinsia heterophylla), California poppy (Eschscholzia californica), tarweed (Hemizonia sp.), coast goldfields (Lasthenia californica), common tidy-tips (Layia platyglossa), lupine (Lupinus sp.), wild hyacinth (Dichelostemma capitatum), and blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium bellum).

Within Non-native Grassland, common species include slender oat (Avena barbata), wild oat (Avena fatua), fox tail chess (Bromus madritensis), soft chess (Bromus hordeaceus), ripgut grass (Bromus diandrus), barley (Hordeum sp.), rye grass (Lolium multiflorum), English ryegrass (Lolium perrene), rat-tail fescue (Vulpia myuros), and Mediterranean grass (Schismus barbatus). These species are often within landscapes that persist in disturbed areas.

Meadows and Marshes
These vegetation communities are associated with the presence of flowing or standing water. Common species included within these communities include cattails (Typha sp.), bulrush (Scirpus sp.), sedges (Carex sp.), spike rushes (Eleocharis sp.), flatsedges (Cyperus sp.), smartweed (Polygonum sp.), watercress (Nasturtium sp.), and yerba mansa (Anemopsis californica).
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Riparian Scrub, Woodland, and Forest
These vegetation communities are often found within waterways and drainages. These communities often consist of one or more deciduous tree species with a variety of shrubs and herbs in the understory. Common tree species within this community include box elder (Acer negundo), big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum), coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), white alder (Alnus rhombifolia), sycamore (Platanus racemosa), Fremont’s cottonwood (Populus fremontii), California walnut (Juglans californica), blue elderberry (Sambucus mexicana), wild grape (Vitis girdiana), giant reed (Arundo donax), mulefat (Baccharis salicifolia), tamarisk (Tamarix sp.), and willows (Salix sp.). Within the understory, species such as salt grass (Distichlis spicata), wild cucumber (Marah macrocarpus), mugwort (Artemisia douglasiana), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), and poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum) may be present.

Water
Open water is typically unvegetated however it may have algae and some floating plant species such as duckweed (Lemna sp.), and mosquito fern (Azolla filiculoides). Open water included inland depressions, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, stream channels, and other areas commonly present with riparian vegetation communities.

Woodland and Forests
These communities are often dominated by Englemann oak (Quercus engelmannii), coast live oak, canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis), interior live oak (Quercus wislizeni), and black oak (Quercus kelloggii) in a canopy that is intermittent to continuous. Other tree species that may be present include pinyon (Pinus sp.) and California juniper (Juniperus californica). The understory can often contain species such as wild blackberry (Rubus sp.), snowberry (Symphoricarpos sp.), California walnut, California lilac (Ceanothus sp.), currant (Ribes sp.), toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), California bay (Umbellularia californica), manzanita (Arctostaphylos sp.), laurel sumac, poison oak, and herbaceous plants such as miner’s lettuce (Claytonia perfoliata). These communities often occur along canyon bottoms and stream sides.

Developed/Disturbed
Developed/disturbed areas include forms of human development that have an impact on native communities, in some cases permanent impacts that cause a complete loss or conversion of native communities. Developed areas include buildings (residential and commercial) and other infrastructures, some smaller landscaped areas, roads, and paved areas. Paved parking areas, and driveways are included in the developed category. Retention basins associated with development also included in this category. Many developed and disturbed areas contain non-native species and/or ornamental species.

Areas devoid or mostly devoid of vegetation and containing no buildings or other development were classified as disturbed. The disturbed designation indicates a location that may be actively maintained to be free of vegetation or that has been compacted to such a degree that vegetation is very sparse. Disturbed areas include areas that include dirt roads, off-highway vehicle use, bare soils, concrete, and flood control measures. 277

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Critical Habitat
Essential Fish Habitat
The City does not include any areas of Essential Fish Habitat, which are waters and substrate necessary to fish for spawning, breeding, feeding, or growth to maturity (ECORP 2024).

California Gnatcatcher Critical Habitat
The USFWS designated critical habitat for the federally threatened coastal California gnatcatcher in 2000 and revised the designated critical habitat in 2007. Critical habitat for the coastal California gnatcatcher exists within Riverside County and south and southeast of Bundy Canyon in the City (see Figure 5.4-3). Furthermore, critical habitat is located immediately north of the City and just east of Lake Elsinore. Unit 10 exists within both San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. The 2007 revision of the critical habitat reduced the original 199,940 acres designated in 2000 to 27,529 acres. Of the total acres in this unit, 21,776 acres are within the MSHCP plan area.

Riparian Habitats and Sensitive Natural Communities
Sensitive habitat types exist throughout the City. These are considered sensitive by resource agencies such as USFWS and CDFW due to their scarcity or ability to support state or federally endangered or threatened species of plants and wildlife. A CNDDB search was conducted and recorded the following five sensitive natural vegetation communities within or near the City (see Figure 5.4-4a through Figure 5.4-4o3).  Southern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest / Quercus agrifolia Forest & Woodland Alliance ranges from open to dense and is dominated by coast live oak. It is located in outer floodplains and along streams.

Vegetation tends to be herbaceous with little to no understory. Common plants include mugwort (Artemisia douglasiana), California wild rose (Rosa californica), Mexican elderberry (Sambucus mexicana), and poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum).
 Southern Cottonwood Willow Riparian Forest / Populus fremontii–Fraxinus velutina–Salix gooddingii Forest & Woodland Alliance consists of tall, open, deciduous riparian forest species with Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), western sycamore, and willows (Salix spp.) as the dominant tree species. Commonly occurs near perennial drainages such as canyon bottoms and along streams.  Southern Interior Basalt Flow Vernal Pool This group consists of wet meadows throughout southern California that form concentric rings around shallow ephemeral pools. These pools fill and dry out seasonally or semi-annually. Plant species common to this group include Jepson’s button celery (Eryngium aristulatum), southern tarplant (Centromadia parryi ssp. australis), Coulter goldfields (Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri), spreading navarretia (Navarretia fossalis), California Orcutt grass (Orcuttia californica), San Diego mesa mint (Pogogyne abramsii), Otay mesa mint (Pogogyne nudiuscula), and San Jacinto bluecurls (Trichostema austromontanum).
3 It is important to note that the vegetation communities and land cover types shown on Figure 5.4-4a through Figure 5.4-4o were mapped by Western Riverside County Regional Conservation Authority and may not include these five sensitive natural vegetation communities that were identified in the California Natural Diversity Database. 278

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 Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland / Platanus racemosa–Quercus agrifolia Woodland Alliance consists of trees less than 35 meters tall with an intermittent or open canopy. The shrub layer is also open to intermittent while the herbaceous layer is sparse or grassy. Western sycamore makes up about 30 percent of the tree canopy; coast live oak, willows, and Fremont cottonwood are co-dominant species. Along riparian areas, coast live oak is the dominant cover with willows and poison oak.  Valley Needlegrass Grassland / Nassella spp.–Melica spp. Herbaceous Alliance consists of herbs that are less than one meter in height and that provide open to continuous coverage. Dominant species include California melic (Melica californica), Torrey’s melic grass (Melica torreyana), nodding needlegrass (Nassella cernua), small flowered needlegrass (Nassella lepida), and purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra). Soils are high in clay, loam, sand, or silt.

Aquatic Resources
Wetlands and waters, as well as vegetation communities associated with these features (e.g., riparian vegetation), may occur throughout the City and are commonly associated with streambeds, drainages, and channels (i.e., Murrieta Creek). Aquatic resources are shown on Figure 5.4-5a through Figure 5.4-5o, Aquatic Resources. These features have the potential to provide corridors that encourage the movement of wildlife and provide habitat for sensitive wildlife and plant species. An aquatic resources delineation was not conducted for the proposed project; however, listed below are general descriptions of types of aquatic resources that may be present.

Open Water
Open water communities may include large reservoirs, small ponds, and riverine habitats. General descriptions of these types of open water communities follow.

Reservoirs
Reservoirs are one type of open water feature that are often large natural areas or artificial lakes that provide a source of water. Reservoirs may also serve as recreational sites.

Ponds
Ponds are one type of lacustrine habitat that include areas of shallow open water, although areas of rooted freshwater marsh or floating plants may occur within this habitat. Ponds may be naturally occurring or manmade for stock and other uses.

Drainages
Drainages can include perennial or ephemeral resources such as creeks. These often flow into larger water features such as a river, a watershed, or a reservoir. Man-made canals and irrigation ditches can also fall into this category. Drainages are typically associated with riparian habitat and may support areas of freshwater marsh.
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Sources: NAIP (2020), NWI (2020)
2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
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Figure 5.4-5e - Aquatic Resources

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CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
15 15
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284
0 750
I Scale in Feet
1 2
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Wildomar City Limits
NWI Features
Riverine
Figure 5. National Wetlands Inventory
Sheet 6 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), NWI (2020)
2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
0 Scale (Feet)
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Figure 5.4-5f - Aquatic Resources

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
15 City of Wildomar Boundary
285
0 750
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1 2
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Wildomar City Limits
NWI Features
Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland
Riverine
Figure 5. National Wetlands Inventory
Sheet 7 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), NWI (2020)
2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
0 Scale (Feet)
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Figure 5.4-5g - Aquatic Resources

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
15 City of Wildomar Boundary
286
0 750
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Wildomar City Limits
NWI Features
Riverine
Figure 5. National Wetlands Inventory
Sheet 8 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), NWI (2020)
2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
0 Scale (Feet)
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Figure 5.4-5h - Aquatic Resources

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
15 City of Wildomar Boundary
287
0 750
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Wildomar City Limits
NWI Features
Freshwater Emergent Wetland
Freshwater Pond
Riverine
Figure 5. National Wetlands Inventory
Sheet 9 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), NWI (2020)
2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
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Figure 5.4-5i - Aquatic Resources

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
15 15
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288
0 750
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Wildomar City Limits
NWI Features
Freshwater Pond
Riverine
Figure 5. National Wetlands Inventory
Sheet 10 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), NWI (2020)
2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
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850
Figure 5.4-5j - Aquatic Resources

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
15 15
City of Wildomar Boundary
289
0 750
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Wildomar City Limits
NWI Features
Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland
Freshwater Pond
Riverine
Figure 5. National Wetlands Inventory
Sheet 11 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), NWI (2020)
2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
0 Scale (Feet)
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Figure 5.4-5k - Aquatic Resources

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
15 City of Wildomar Boundary
290
0 750
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Wildomar City Limits
NWI Features
Riverine
Figure 5. National Wetlands Inventory
Sheet 12 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), NWI (2020)
2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
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Figure 5.4-5l - Aquatic Resources

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

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15 City of Wildomar Boundary
291
0 750
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Wildomar City Limits
NWI Features
Freshwater Emergent Wetland
Freshwater Pond
Riverine
Figure 5. National Wetlands Inventory
Sheet 13 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), NWI (2020)
2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
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Figure 5.4-5m - Aquatic Resources

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
15 City of Wildomar Boundary
292
0 750
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Wildomar City Limits
NWI Features
Freshwater Emergent Wetland
Freshwater Pond
Riverine
Figure 5. National Wetlands Inventory
Sheet 14 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), NWI (2020)
2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
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850
Figure 5.4-5n - Aquatic Resources

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

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15 15
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293
0 750
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Wildomar City Limits
NWI Features
Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland
Freshwater Pond
Riverine
Figure 5. National Wetlands Inventory
Sheet 15 of 15
Map Date: 10/13/2023
Sources: NAIP (2020), NWI (2020)
2022-077 City of Wildomar GP Update
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
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Figure 5.4-5o - Aquatic Resources

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Wetlands
Wetlands can be subclassified in a variety of ways. The three main categories of wetlands are freshwater marsh, wet meadow, and vernal pool.

Freshwater Marsh
Freshwater marsh often occurs along the margins of drainages and open water habitats. They are nontidal and are often continuously or frequently flooded. They often occur in nutrient-rich soils that are slow draining and often saturated.

Wet Meadow
Wet meadow habitat often occurs at higher elevations in the eastern portion of the City. Dominant species in wet meadows include herbaceous wetland plants, such as sedges, rushes, spike rush, bent grass (Agrostis spp.), and oatgrass (Danthonia spp.). Shrubs and trees are generally sparse to nonexistent in wet meadows.

Vernal Pool
Vernal pools are seasonal depressional wetlands that are covered by shallow water throughout periods from winter to spring and then often dry completely by the summer and fall. This habitat can range in size from a small puddle to a shallow lake and they are often connected to drainages. Vernal pools are the home to fairy shrimp species (Branchinecta sp.), including the endangered Riverside fairy shrimp (Streptocephalus woottoni).

Wildlife Movement Corridors
As development continues and habitat fragments, it becomes harder for wildlife to travel between these fragments of their habitat. Wildlife corridors are linear landscape elements that provide areas for wildlife species to move and disperse between two or more habitats. Wildlife corridors contribute to population viability by ensuring continual exchange of genes between populations, providing access to adjacent habitat areas for foraging and mating, and providing routes for recolonization of habitat after local displacement or ecological catastrophes (e.g., fires). Wildlife corridors could be bounded by development or areas unsuitable for wildlife, but could contain enough food, cover, and/or water to facilitate wildlife movement between habitat patches and prevent isolation of populations. Travel routes are landscape features (i.e., ridgelines, drainages, canyons, or riparian areas) that are used by wildlife to gain access to essential resources. Areas adjoining two habitats are also often referred to as habitat linkages.

Wildlife corridors can exist throughout the City. A large expanse of natural habitat within the City exists at the foothills of the Cleveland National Forest. However, due to development within the City, movement from the City into the Cleveland National Forest and vice versa is limited. The City is highly developed, and Interstate 15 (I-15) bisects the City as it runs generally north-south and further limits the success of wildlife dispersal.

An additional movement corridor exists in the form of Murrieta Creek. Creeks and drainages often provide wildlife with ways to move throughout developed landscapes. Additionally, the San Andreas Rift Zone is within and adjacent to the City and provides unique topographical characteristics, microclimates, and habitats that allow for linkage of habitats and can facilitate movement. 295

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The development of the MSCHP included an assessment of core habitat areas and linkages within the MSCHP plan area; these core habitats and linkages provide suitable habitat for Covered Species and allow movement throughout the MSCHP plan area. Areas of core habitat generally consists of blocks of habitat of sufficient size to support the life history requirements of Covered Species or reduce edge effects. Linkages primarily facilitate movement and provide a connection to core habitat. Within the City, criteria cells reference the preservation or contribution to the assembly of Proposed Linkage 8 and Proposed Extension of Existing Core 3. A summary of these as they relate to the City and facilitate wildlife movement is as follows.  Proposed Linkage 8 consists primarily of upland habitat and is a major component of one of the two main east-west connections between Lake Mathews/Estelle Mountain, Alberhill, and the Cleveland National Forest in the west and French Valley, Johnson Ranch, Diamond Valley Lake, and San Jacinto Mountains in the east. This linkage begins on the west side of the I-15 near Lake Elsinore which is north of the City, and then continues south, parallel to the I-15, through the City until moving east toward Diamond Valley Lake. This linkage provides movement corridors and habitat for sensitive wildlife species such as coastal California gnatcatcher, Quino checkerspot butterfly, and Stephens’ kangaroo rat. A total of 5,470 acres are included in this linkage.
 Proposed Extension of Existing Core 3 consists of two blocks of land that extend from the southern border of Lake Elsinore. This Extension occurs in the northeastern portion of the City. This Extension converses soils of the Traver series and therefore protects habitat for Narrow Endemic Plants including Munz’s onion, San Diego ambrosia, and smooth tarplant. Sensitive wildlife species are also associated with this Extension and include Riverside fairy shrimp, Quino checkerspot buttery, western pond turtle, and shorebirds. A total of 1,290 acres are included in this Extension.

The City likely provides wildlife movement opportunities because it consists of open land and preserved areas.

Although the City’s value as a corridor is lessened by the high amount of development, it still offers ways for wildlife to move through the landscape. Lastly, bird rookeries, bat maternity roost sites, and other nursery sites have the potential to exist within the City. Figure 5.4-3, shows the locations of conserved lands in and around the City that may provide opportunities for wildlife movement, but are not the only areas in which wildlife movement can occur.

Special-Status Plants
Special-status plant species include those classified as endangered or threatened, proposed or candidate species for listing by the USFWS or CDFW, monitored by CNPS, and considered to be those in greatest need of conservation.

A total of 36 special-status plant species were identified through the database searches. An additional 4 were recognized in the City’s Criteria Area Species Survey Areas. Results of the CNDDB, iPaC, and CNPS database searches are included as Appendix D of Appendix 5.4-1. Table 5.4-1, Special-Status Plant Species Identified in the Literature Review, summarizes the special-status plant species, associated habitats, designated critical habitat within the City, blooming period and elevation, and occurrence information. 296

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No critical habitat for plant species exists within the City. Table 5.4-1 lists all the special-status plant species that have been documented to occur within the City or may be potentially affected by activities in the City, as identified in the literature review.

Table 5.4-1 Special-Status Plant Species Identified in the Literature Review Scientific Name/Common Name Federal/State/CRPR/USFS Status Habitats Blooming
Period
Elevation
Range (ft)
Abronia villosa var.
aurita/chaparral sand-verbena
None/None/1B.1/S/None Occurs in chaparral, coastal dune, and desert dunes.
(Jan) Mar–Sep 245–5,250
Allium marvinii/Yucaipa onion None/None/1B.1/S/None Occurs in chaparral and generally in clay soils and openings.

Apr–May 2,495–
3,495
Allium munzii/Munz’s onion END/THR/1B.1/None/Covered Occurs in chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, pinyon and
juniper woodland, and valley and
foothill grasslands.

Mar–May 975–3,510
Almutaster pauciflorus/Alkali
marsh aster
None/None/2B.2/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in meadows and seeps. Jun–Oct 785–2,625
Ambrosia pumila/San Diego
ambrosia
END/None/1B.1/None/Covered Occurs in chaparral, coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland, and
vernal pools.

Apr–Oct 65–1,360
Arctostaphylos
rainbowensis/Rainbow
manzanita
None/None/1B.1/S/Covered Occurs in chaparral. Dec–Mar 675–2,200 Atriplex 5.4-54ditha5.4-54e var.
notatior/San Jacinto Valley
crownscale
END/None/1B.1/None/Covered Occurs in playas, valley and foothill grassland, and vernal pools.

Apr–Aug 455– 1,640
Atriplex parishii/Parish’s
brittlescale
None/None/1B.1/None/Covered Occurs in chenopod scrub, playas, and vernal pools.

Jun–Oct 80–6,235
Ayenia compacta/California
ayenia
None/None/2B.3/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in Mojavean and Sonoran
desert scrub.

Mar–Apr 490–3,595
Brodiaea filifolia/Thread-leaved
brodiaea
THR/END/1B.1/None/Covered Occurs in chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, playas,
valley and foothill grasslands, and
vernal pools. Often found in clay soils.

Mar–Jun 80–3,675
Brodiaea santarosae/Santa
Rosa Basalt brodiaea
None/None/1B.2/S/Not
Covered
Occurs in valley and foothill
grassland.

May–Jun 1,855–
3,430
Calochortus weedii var.
intermedius/Intermediate
mariposa-lily
None/None/1B.2/S/Covered Occurs in chaparral, coastal scrub, and valley and foothill grassland.

May–Jul 345–2,805
Centromadia pungens ssp.

Laevis/Smooth tarplant
None/None/1B.1/None/Covered Occurs in chenopod scrub, meadows and seeps, playas, riparian woodland,
and valley and foothill grassland.

Apr–Sep 0–2,100
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Table 5.4-1 Special-Status Plant Species Identified in the Literature Review Scientific Name/Common Name Federal/State/CRPR/USFS Status Habitats Blooming
Period
Elevation
Range (ft)
Chorizanthe parryi var.
parryi/Parry’s spineflower
None/None/1B.1/S/Covered Occurs in chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, and valley
and foothill grassland.

Apr–Jun 900–4,005
Chorizanthe polygonoides var.
longispina/Long-spined
spineflower
None/None/1B.2/None/Covered Occurs in chaparral, coastal scrub, meadows and seeps, valley and
foothill grassland, and vernal pools.

Apr–Jul 100–5,020
Clinopodium chandleri/San
Miguel savory
None/None/1B.2/S/Covered Occurs in chaparral, cismontane woodland, coastal scrub, riparian
woodland, and valley and foothill
grassland.

Mar–Jul 395–3,525
Dodecahema
leptoceras/Slender-horned
spineflower
END/END/1B.1/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in chaparral, cismontane
woodland, and coastal scrub (alluvial
fans).

Apr–Jun 655–2,495
Dudleya multicaulis/Manystemmed dudleyaNone/None/1B.2/S/Covered Occurs in chaparral, coastal scrub, and valley and foothill grassland.

Apr–Jul 50–2,590
Eryngium aristulatum var.
parishii/San Diego button-celery
END/END/1B.1/None/Covered Occurs in coastal scrub, valley and foothill grassland, and vernal pools.

Apr–Jun 65–2,035
Geothallus
tuberosus/Campbell’s liverwort
None/None/1B.1/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in coastal scrub and vernal
pools.
– 35 1,970
Harpagonella palmeri/Palmer’s
grapplinghook
None/None/4.2/None/Covered Occurs in chaparral, coastal scrub, and valley and foothill grassland.

Mar–May 65–3,135
Hesperocyparis forbesii/Tecate
cypress
None/None/1B.1/S/Not
Covered
Occurs in closed-cone coniferous
forest and chaparral.
– 360–4,920
Juncus luciensis/Santa Lucia
dwarf rush
None/None/1B.2/S/Not
Covered
Occurs in chaparral, Great Basin
scrub, lower montane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps, and
vernal pools.

Apr–Jul 985–6,695
Lasthenia glabrata ssp.

Coulteri/Coulter’s goldfields
None/None/1B.1/None/Covered Occurs in marshes and swamps, playas, and vernal pools.

Feb–Jun 5–4,005
Lilium parryi/Lemon lily None/None/1B.2/S/Covered Occurs in lower and upper montane coniferous forest, meadows and
seeps, and riparian forest.

Jul–Aug 4,005–
9,005
Limnanthes alba ssp.

Parishii/Parish’s meadowfoam
None/END/1B.2/S/Covered Occurs in lower montane coniferous forest, meadows and seeps, and
vernal pools.

Apr–Jun 1,970–
6,560
Monardella hypoleuca ssp.

Intermedia/Intermediate
monardella
None/None/1B.3/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in chaparral, cismontane
woodland, and lower montane
coniferous forest.

Apr–Sep 1,310–
4,100
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Table 5.4-1 Special-Status Plant Species Identified in the Literature Review Scientific Name/Common Name Federal/State/CRPR/USFS Status Habitats Blooming
Period
Elevation
Range (ft)
Myosurus minimus ssp.

Apus/Little mousetail
None/None/3.1/None/Covered Occurs in valley and foothill grassland and vernal pools.

Mar–Jun 65–2,100
Navarretia fossalis/Spreading
navarretia
THR/None/1B.1/None/Covered Occurs in chenopod scrub, marshes and swamps, playas, and vernal
pools.

Apr–Jun 100–2,150
Navarretia prostrata/Prostrate
vernal pool navarretia
None/None/1B.2/None/Covered Occurs in coastal scrub, meadows and seeps, valley and foothill
grassland, and vernal pools.

Apr–Jul 10–3,970
Orcuttia californica/California
Orcutt grass
END/END/1B.1/None/Covered Occurs in vernal pools. Apr–Aug 50–2,165 Pseudognaphalium
leucocephalum/White rabbittobacco
None/None/2B.2/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in chaparral, cismontane
woodland, coastal scrub, and riparian
woodland.
(Jul) Aug–Nov
(Dec)
0–6,890
Scutellaria bolanderi ssp.

Austromontana/Southern
mountains skullcap
None/None/1B.2/S/Not
Covered
Occurs in chaparral, cismontane
woodland, and lower montane
coniferous forest.

Jun–Aug 1,395–
6,560
Sibaropsis hammittii/Hammitt’s
clay-cress
None/None/1B.2/S/Covered Occurs in chaparral openings and valley and foothill grasslands.

Mar–Apr 2,360–
3,495
Sphaerocarpos drewiae/Bottle
liverwort
None/None/1B.1/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in chaparral and coastal
scrub.
– 295–1,970
Symphyotrichum defoliatum/San
Bernardino aster
None/None/1B.2/S/Not
Covered
Occurs in cismontane woodland,
coastal scrub, lower montane
coniferous forest, meadows and
seeps, marshes and swamps, and
valley and foothills grasslands.

Jul–Nov 5–6,695
ECORP 2024 (Appendix 5.4-1)
FED: Federal Classifications
END: Taxa listed as endangered
THR: Taxa listed as threatened
CAN: Candidate for threatened or endangered status
None: No listing under the Federal Endangered Species Act CNPS: California Native Plant Society Classifications
1A – Plants Presumed Extirpated in California and Either Rare or Extinct Elsewhere
1B – Plants Rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California and Elsewhere 2A – Plants Presumed Extirpated in California, But Common Elsewhere 2B – Plants Rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California, But More Common Elsewhere
3 – Plants about which more information is needed; a review list 4 – Plants of limited distribution; a watch list
United States Forest Service (USFS)
S – Listed as sensitive under the USFS
None – No listing under the USFS
STATE: State Classifications
END: Listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act THR: Listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act FP: Fully protected under the California Fish and Game Code CT: Candidate for threatened listing
SSC: Species of Special Concern in California
None: No listing under the California Endangered Species Act CRPR List –
1 – Seriously threatened in California (over 80 percent of occurrences threatened / high degree and immediacy of threat)
2 – Moderately threatened in California (20 to 80 percent occurrences threatened / moderate degree and immediacy of threat)
3 – Not very threatened in California (less than 20 percent of occurrences threatened/low degree and immediacy of threat or no current threats known) Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) Covered Covered Species
Not Covered Not covered species
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Special-Status Wildlife
Special-status wildlife species include those classified as endangered or threatened, proposed or candidate species for listing by the USFWS or CDFW, USFS Sensitive, or considered a CDFW fully protected species or SSC.

A total of 42 special-status wildlife species known to occur in the vicinity of the City were identified through the database review. Table 5.4-2, Special Status Wildlife Species Identified in the Literature Review, summarizes the special-status wildlife, associated habitats, and any designated critical habitat within the City.

Within the City, critical habitat for coastal California gnatcatcher exists (see Figure 5.4-2). Wildlife species listed or proposed for listing under FESA or CESA are discussed in more detail in Table 5.4-2.

Table 5.4-2 lists all the special-status wildlife species that have been documented to occur within the City or may be potentially affected by activities in the City, as identified in the literature review.

Table 5.4-2 Special-Status Wildlife Species Identified in the Literature Review Scientific Name/Common Name
Federal/State/USFS/MSHCP
Status Habitats

INVERTEBRATES
Bombus crotchii/Crotch bumble
bee
None/CAN/None/Not
Covered
Found in coastal California east to the Sierra-Cascade crest and south into Mexico. Occurs in open grassland and scrub habitats.

Prefers a diet consisting of certain plant species including milkweeds, dusty maidens, lupines, medics, phacelias, sages, clarkias, poppies, and wild buckwheats. Nests are often located underground in abandoned rodent nests or above ground in tufts of grass, old bird nests, rock piles, or cavities in dead trees.

Branchinecta lynchi/Vernal pool
fairy shrimp
THR/None/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in vernal pools and ephemeral wetlands. Typically occurs in small and shallow pools with mud or grassy bottoms.

Branchinecta
sandiegoensis/San Diego fairy
shrimp
END/None/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in vernal pools and non-vegetated ephemeral basins.

Danaus plexippus plexippus
pop. 1/Monarch butterfly CAN/None/S/Not Covered
Roosts in wind-protected tree groves (coastal California conifer and eucalyptus species) from Northern Mendocino to Baja California.

Milkweed is essential for the larvae of this species.

Euphydryas 5.4-57ditha
quino/Quino checkerspot
butterfly
END/None/None/Covered
Occurs in chaparral and coastal sage scrublands, containing the proper host plant and abundant nectar resources. Primary host plants include dwarf plantain (Plantago erecta), white snapdragon (Anterrhinum coulterianum), woolly plantain (Plantago patagonica), and Chinese houses (Collinsia concolor)
Linderiella santarosae/Santa
Rosa Plateau fairy shrimp None/None/None/Covered Occurs in cool-water vernal pools that are formed from SouthernBasalt Flows.

Streptocephalus
woottoni/Riverside fairy shrimp END/None/None/Covered Occurs in vernal pools, tectonic swales, and earth slump basins inRiverside County.

FISH
Gila orcuttii/Arroyo chub None/SSC/S/ Covered Occurs in creeks, streams, and rivers with areas of slow-moving water with sand or mud bottoms. Ranges from San Diego to San Luis Obispo county.

AMPHIBIANS
Rana aurora draytonii/California
red-legged frog
THR/SSC/None/ Covered Occurs near water features such as ponds or streams in humid forests, grasslands, coastal scrub, and woodlands.
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Table 5.4-2 Special-Status Wildlife Species Identified in the Literature Review Scientific Name/Common Name
Federal/State/USFS/MSHCP
Status Habitats
Anaxyrus californicus/Arroyo
toad
END/SSC/None/ Covered Occurs along the sandy banks of rivers, arroyos, and streams with shallow sandy pools. Also found in riparian woodlands or uplands adjacent to arroyos.

Spea hammondii/Western
spadefoot
None/SSC/None/ Covered Occurs in open areas with sandy soils in a wide range of habitats including lowlands to foothills, coastal sage scrub, chaparral, mixed woodlands, alluvial fans, and grasslands.

Taricha torosa/Coast Range
newt
None/SSC/None/ Covered Occurs in wet forests, oak forests, chaparral, and rolling grasslands.

In southern California, it will occur in drier chaparral, oak woodland, and grasslands. Eggs are laid or attached by the female to submerged vegetation, logs, or rocks.

REPTILES
Anniella stebbinsi/Southern
California legless lizard
None/SSC/S/Not Covered Occurs in coastal sand dunes, scrubs, chaparral, and a variety of interior habitats, including sandy washes and alluvial fans.

Aspidoscelis
hyperythra/Orange-throated
whiptail
None/None/S/ Covered Occurs in semi-arid open areas with coarse soils including coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and dry riparian areas and washes.

Arizona elegans
occidentalis/California glossy
snake
None/SSC/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in arid scrub, rocky washes, grasslands, chaparral. Typically in open areas and areas with loose soil for burrowing.

Aspidoscelis tigris
stejnegeri/Coastal whiptail
None/SSC/None/Covered Occurs in arid habitats including chaparral, woodlands, and dry riparian areas.

Crotalus ruber/Red-diamond
rattlesnake
None/SSC/S/Covered Occurs in coastal chaparral, arid scrub, rocky grassland, oak and pine woodlands, desert mountain slopes, and rocky desert flats.

Thamnophis hammondii/Twostriped garter snakeNone/SSC/S/Not Covered Occurs along aquatic habitats such as creeks and pools with rocky areas in chaparral, brushland, oak woodlands, and conifer forests.

Requires water for foraging.

Emys marmorata/Western pond
turtle
None/SSC/S/ Covered Occurs in ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, marshes, and irrigation ditches with abundant vegetation. Also occurs in either rocky or muddy bottoms of these aquatic environments. Can also occur in woodland, forest, and grassland habitats.

Phrynosoma
blainvillii/Blainsville’s horned
lizard
None/SSC/None/Covered Occurs in open areas of valleys, foothills, and semiarid mountains with sandy soil and low vegetation including chaparral, woodlands, and grasslands.

Salvadora hexalepsis
virgultea/Coast patch-nosed
snake
None/SSC/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in open arid and semi-arid areas such as deserts, brushland, grassland, and in scrub along canyons, rocky hillsides, sandy plains.

BIRDS
Accipiter cooperii/Cooper’s
hawk
None/None/None/Covered Occurs within forests and woodlands. Also occurs in neighborhoods and parks. Nests are typically built in pines, oaks, Douglas-fir, birches, spruces, and other taller trees that occur on flat ground and in dense woods.

Artemisiospiza belli belli/Bell’s
sparrow
None/None/None/Covered Breeding occurs in coastal sagebrush, chaparral, and open, scrubby habitats. Within chaparral, they are often found in young, less dense stands. Nesting occurs within shrubs, bunchgrasses and occasionally California sagebrush, brittlebush, white sage, black sage, California buckwheat, bush mallow, chamise, cholla, and willow. During winter they will utilize saltbush-dominated desert scrub and creosote.
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Table 5.4-2 Special-Status Wildlife Species Identified in the Literature Review Scientific Name/Common Name
Federal/State/USFS/MSHCP
Status Habitats
Aimophila ruficeps canescens
/Southern California rufouscrowned sparrow
None/None/None/Covered Occurs on dry, open hillsides covered with grasses, rocks, and scattered shrubs. Chaparral, coastal sagebrush, scrub oaks, and pinyon pine are common habitats. Not associated with dense, woody vegetation. Nests are built on the ground near the base of a shrub.

Aquila chrysaetos/Golden
Eagle
None/FP/None/ Covered Occurs in open and semi-open habitats. Found alongside canyonlands, rimrock terrain, and riverside cliffs and bluffs. They avoid developed areas and uninterrupted stretches of forest.

Nesting occurs on cliffs but can occur in trees, on the ground, or in artificial structures. Nesting can also occur in grassland, chaparral, shrubland, forest, and other vegetated areas.

Athene cunicularia/Burrowing
owl
None/SSC/None/Covered Occurs in a variety of habitats characterized by dry annual or perennial low-growing vegetation. Occurs in grasslands, scrublands, agricultural fields, vacant lots, and other disturbed areas. Nests in abandoned burrows and requires an abundance of prey (e.g., ground squirrels and insects).

Buteo swainsoni/Swainson’s
hawk
None/THR/None/Covered Occurs in great basin grassland, great basin scrub, pinyon and juniper woodlands and valley and foothill grasslands.

Charadrius nivosus
nivosus/Western snowy plover
THR/SSC/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in sand spits and dune-backed beaches.

Elanus leucurus/White-tailed
kite
None/FP/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in low elevation, open grasslands, savannah-like habitats, agricultural areas, wetlands, and oak woodlands. Typically use riparian scrub, forest and woodland, and oak woodland and forest for breeding and use a wide variety of more open
grassland/agricultural land and scrub lands for foraging. Nesting occurs in the upper third of trees; trees can be isolated or at the edge of or within a forest.

Lanius
ludovicianus/Loggerhead shrike
None/SSC/None/Covered Occurs in open country, with scattered shrubs and trees or other perches for hunting. Common habitats include agricultural fields, deserts, grasslands, savanna, and chaparral.

Empidonax traillii
extimus/Southwestern willow
flycatcher
END/END/None/Covered Occurs within riparian woodlands, particularly those with willow thickets. Nests in areas of shrubs and trees with low-density canopies.

Eremophila alpestris
actia/California horned lark
None/None/None/Covered Occurs in areas with bare, dry ground or with sparse vegetation.

Common habitats include beaches, heavily grazed pastures, and deserts. They are common in areas with signs of human
disturbance. Nests are placed on bare ground.

Plegadis chihi/White-faced ibis None/None/None/Covered Occurs in freshwater habitats such as ponds, rivers, marshes, and swamps. Nests in low trees or on the ground within reeds in marshes.

Icteria virens/Yellow-breasted
chat
None/SSC/None/Covered Occurs in riparian and upland thickets as well as dry overgrown pastures. Prefers to nest in dense scrub along streams or at the edges of ponds or swamps.

Polioptila californica
californica/Coastal California
gnatcatcher
THR/SSC/None/Covered Occurs in dry coastal slopes, washes, and mesas with areas of low vegetation and coastal sage scrub. USFWS-designated critical habitat for this species is located within the City.

Vireo bellii pusillus/Least Bell’s
vireo
END/END/None/Covered Occurs within willows and riparian forest, scrub, and woodlands.

Breeds in low dense growth, especially in second-growth scrub or brushy fields.
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Table 5.4-2 Special-Status Wildlife Species Identified in the Literature Review Scientific Name/Common Name
Federal/State/USFS/MSHCP
Status Habitats

MAMMALS
Dipodomys merriami
parvus/San Bernardino
kangaroo rat
END/END and
SSC/None/Covered
Occurs in alluvial sage scrub, flood plains, washes, and upland areas adjacent to desert habitat.

Dipodomys
stephensi/Stephen’s kangaroo
rat
THR/THR/None/ Covered Occurs in coastal scrub and valley and vegetated temperate foothill grasslands. Endemic to southern California, primarily in western Riverside County.

Perognathus longimembris
brevinasus/Los Angeles pocket
mouse
None/SSC/None/ Covered Occurs in arid and semi-arid habitats such as coastal sage scrub, grasslands, and washes.

Onychomys torridus
ramona/Southern grasshopper
mouse
None/SSC/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in arid Mojavean desert habitats, alkali desert scrub, succulent shrub, wash, and riparian areas. Also occurs in coastal scrub, mixed chaparral, sagebrush, and bitterbrush habitats Eumops perotis
californicus/Western mastiff bat
None/SSC/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in a variety of habitats including dry desert washes, flood plains, chaparral, oak woodland, open ponderosa pine forest, grassland, montane meadows, and agricultural areas.

Lasiurus xanthinus/Western
yellow bat
None/SSC/None/Not
Covered
Occurs in valley foothill riparian, desert riparian, desert wash, and palm oasis habitat.

Source: ECROP 2023 (Appendix 5.4-1)
FED: Federal Classifications
END: Taxa listed as endangered
THR: Taxa listed as threatened
CAN: Candidate for threatened or endangered status
None: No listing under the Federal Endangered Species Act United States Forest Service (USFS)
S: Listed as sensitive under the United States Forest Service None: No listing under the United States Forest Service STATE: State Classifications
END: Listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act THR: Listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act FP: Fully protected under the California Fish and Game Code CT: Candidate for threatened listing
SSC: Species of special concern in California
None: No listing under the California Endangered Species Act Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) Covered: Covered Species
Not Covered: Not covered species

5.4.2 Thresholds of Significance
According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the environment if the project would:

B-1 Have a substantial effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

B-2 Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

B-3 Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means.
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B-4 Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites.

B-5 Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance.

B-6 Conflict with the provisions of an adopted habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan.

5.4.3 Proposed General Plan Goals and Policies
Land Use Element
GOAL LU 1 Administration: The General Plan is utilized as the guiding planning document for the City and as the basis for regional collaboration.
 Policy LU-1.3 Development Clustering and Density Transfers. Allow development clustering and/or density transfers to preserve open space, natural resources, cultural and/or biological sensitive resources.

GOAL LU 6 Maintenance and Compatibility With Other Uses: Development is located and designed to maintain the qualities that distinguish Wildomar and to ensure effective transitions between neighborhoods and districts.
 Policy LU-6.1 Protect from Adverse Impacts. Retain and enhance the integrity of existing residential, employment, and open space areas by protecting them from encroachment of land uses that would result in impacts from noise, noxious fumes, glare, shadowing, and traffic.

GOAL 7 Compatibility with the Natural Environment: Land uses and development intensities are compatible with scenic and natural resources and encourage environmental preservation.  Policy LU-7.1 Design to Respect Natural Settings. Require that new development conform building massing to topographic forms and minimize alteration of natural landforms and vegetation, incorporating natural drainage systems, allowing development clustering to maintain slopes, restricting grading of steep slopes, and encouraging the preservation of significant hillsides, canyon edges and hilltops as prominent visual features.

GOAL LU 13 Open Spaces. Open space lands are preserved as natural resources, utilized to buffer land uses and enhance community aesthetics, and protected from adverse impacts of new development.  Policy LU-13.1 Preservation of Open Space Lands. Provide for permanent preservation of open space lands that contain important natural resources, hazards, water features, watercourses, and scenic and recreational value.
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Open Space and Conservation Element
GOAL OS 1: Biological resources are protected from development, conserved, restored, and enhanced.  Policy OS-1.1 Habitat Conservation. Require and enforce provisions of the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) and Stephens Kangaroo Rat Habitat Conservation Plan to protect environmentally-sensitive lands, habitats, and vulnerable species.  Policy OS-1.2 Wetland and Riparian Area Protection. To the maximum extent possible, development shall avoid and conserve remaining habitats in wetlands and riparian areas that are critical to the feeding, hibernation, or nesting of wildlife species associated with these areas.  Policy OS-1.3 Biological Reports. Require biological reports that comply with the MSHCP for new development projects, transportation projects, and other planning efforts in the City.  Policy OS-1.4 Rewilding and Habitat Restoration. Pursue opportunities for rewilding and restoring critical habitats for sensitive species that include, but are not limited to the following: preserving, enhancing, restoring, and expanding an integrated network of open space to support beneficial uses, such as habitat, recreation, natural resources, historic and tribal resources, water management, and aesthetics.  Policy OS-1.5 Wildlife Corridors. Protect existing wildlife corridors by reducing habitat fragmentation from new developments. Work with the Riverside Conservation Agency (RCA) in pursue land purchase opportunities to preserve available lands.
 Policy OS-1.6 Natural Vegetation Conservation. Maintain and conserve mature and historic examples of native trees, natural vegetation, stands of established trees, and other features for ecosystem, aesthetic, and water conservation purposes.
 Policy OS-1.7 Project Siting. Require that new development projects respect, integrate with, and complement the natural features of the land including conforming building massing to topographic forms, restricting grading of steep slopes, and encouraging the preservation of visual horizon lines and significant hillsides as prominent visual features.
 Policy OS-1.8 Protect Ridgelines. Protect ridgelines from incompatible development that diminishes their scenic value, and ensure their conservation, preservation, and management.  Policy OS-1.9 Contour Grading. Utilize contour grading and slope rounding to gradually transition graded road slopes into a natural configuration consistent with the topography of the areas.

GOAL OS 3: Reliable and safe water supply that supports Wildomar’s current and future needs.  Policy OS-3.2 Water Quality Protection. Require that new developments do not degrade natural water bodies such as streams and rivers and protect groundwater resources. 305

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GOAL OS 5: A high-quality network of open spaces that support preservation of natural resources.  Policy OS-5.2 Murrieta Creek: Enhance Murrieta Creek as a critical riparian area within the City.

GOAL OS 6 Energy is used efficiently and sourced from resilient, low carbon, and renewable energy supplies.  Policy OS-6.7 Tree Canopy. Maintain and expand the tree canopy in residential and commercial neighborhoods to provide shade, improve air and water quality, reduce the heat island effect, and create habitat for birds and pollinators.

5.4.4 Environmental Impacts

5.4.4.1 METHODOLOGY
The Draft Biological Resources Assessment prepared by ECORP used the following resources to determine the special-status species that have been documented in or in the vicinity of the City and therefore have a potential to occur within the City or may be potentially affected by activities within the City.  CDFW California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) for City of Wildomar County, California.  Calflora Plant Database
 USFWS Information, Planning, and Consultation System (IpaC) Resource Report List for City of Wildomar, California
 CNPS Electronic Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California data for City of Wildomar, California
 NMFS Resources data for City of Wildomar, California.  NOAA Essential Fish Habitat Mapper
 USFWS National Wetland Inventory
 USFWS Online Critical Habitat Mapper
 Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey  2003 County of Riverside General Plan
 2015 County of Riverside General Plan
 Elsinore Area Plan

5.4.4.2 IMPACT ANALYSIS
The applicable thresholds are identified in brackets after the impact statement. 306

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Impact 5.4-1: Buildout of the proposed Land Use Plan could impact sensitive or special-status plant and animal species known to occur in the City of Wildomar. [Threshold B-1] Within the City limits and its vicinity, there are several sensitive plant and animal species known to occur. As listed in Table 5.4-1 and Table 5.4-2, respectively, there are a total of 36 special-status plant species and 42 special-status wildlife species within the area. The City is urbanized and bisected by I-15, and therefore provides minimal habitat value for sensitive and special status species. However, less developed areas of the City—such as vacant land, open space areas, water features, and agricultural land as well as the foothills of the Cleveland National Forest (located in the southwestern portion of the City) and the Santa Margarita and Elsinore Mountains—have the potential to support native species and natural communities.

As stated previously, the City is within the Elsinore Area Plan, which is a part of the MSHCP—specifically, Subunit 3–Elsinore and Subunit 4–Sedco Hills. Subunit 3–Elsinore is in and adjacent to the western portion of the City, and Subunit 4–Sedco Hills covers most of the mountains from the northeastern portion to the southeastern portion of the City, as shown on Figure 5.4-2. Land within the subunits contains habitat that is more suitable for sensitive or special-status species as opposed to the rest of the City, which is urbanized and may not contain suitable habitat. Within these subunits, 15 sensitive plant and 25 animal species have been known to occur, as mentioned in Section 5.4.1.2. One of the main goals of the Elsinore Area Plan is to conserve existing habitat for the various plant and animal species and link existing suitable habitats.

A majority of Subunit 3–Elsinore is developed, while the majority of Subunit 4–Sedco Hills is undeveloped hills and mountains. Under the proposed project, the areas in and adjacent to Subunit 3–Elsinore would remain mostly developed with residential and light industrial uses. Additionally, Subunit 4–Sedco Hills would be developed with a mix of low residential designations and open space lands. Compared to existing conditions, the addition of low-density development would increase impacts to sensitive species in Subunit 4–Sedco Hills.

Buildout of the City in accordance with the Proposed General Plan could impact special status vegetation or wildlife in the City.

The Proposed General Plan provides policies which would reduce impacts to Wildomar’s biological resources, such as Policy LU-13.1, which provides for the permanent preservation of open space lands, and Policy OS1.1, which requires the enforcement of the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan and Stephens Kangaroo Rat Habitat Conservation Plan provisions.

Additionally, Mitigation Measures BIO-1 through BIO-9 would be implemented at the project level, as applicable, to reduce impacts to biological resources. Mitigation Measures BIO-1 and BIO-2 require worker environmental awareness training for biological resources and appropriate measures to avoid impacts to biological resources, Mitigation Measures BIO-3 through BIO-9 provide provisions to reduce impacts to wildlife species.

The City is a participant in the Western Riverside MSHCP. The MSHCP provides a framework for the USFWS and CDFW to grant take authorization (i.e., incidental take permits) for species covered by the MSHCP that are FESA and/or CESA listed as threatened or endangered. Approval of the MSHCP and execution of the implementing agreement by the USFWS and CDFW allow the agencies to issue Take Authorizations, including the City of Wildomar. Issuance of Take Authorization to the local jurisdictions allows plan participants to 307

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implement land use decisions consistent with the MSHCP without project-by-project review and permitting by USFWS and CDFW, a key goal of the MSHCP (RCTLMA 2023a). However, mitigation for impacts to both listed and unlisted species would be required pursuant to CEQA or other regulatory processes, and the MSHCP’s Conservation Area provides an avenue for this mitigation.

If a future project has the potential to adversely impact plant species, and the project site is within a Section

6.1.3 Narrow Endemic Plant Species Survey Area (NEPSSA) and Section 6.3.2 Criteria Area Plant Species Survey Area (CAPSSA), then the MSHCP would require that an environmental analysis and site visit (habitat assessment) be performed in order to determine the potential for narrow endemic and/or criteria area plant species to occur within the project site. If the habitat assessment determines that suitable habitat for narrow endemic and/or criteria area plant species is present, then focus surveys during the appropriate blooming season would be required and conducted in accordance with accepted botanical survey protocols according to the CDFW, CNPS, and USFWS’ General Rare Plant Survey protocols. If narrow endemic and/or criteria area plant species are identified onsite and a future project cannot avoid (permanent or temporary) at least 90 percent of the occupied portion of the property that contributes to the long-term conservation value of the species, a Determination of Biological Equivalent or Superior Preservation (DBESP) would be required. If a project site is not within a NEPSSA or CAPSSA, then a statement to this effect shall be included in the and the results shall be included in the habitat assessment and no further action is required per the MSHCP.

In addition to the MSHCP, there is a long-term (30-year) HCP for Stephens’ kangaroo rat (Dipodomys stephensi).

The HCP is administered by the Riverside County Habitat Conservation Agency. While the core reserves established by the Stephens’ kangaroo rat HCP are managed as part of the MSHCP Conservation Area, the Stephens’ kangaroo rat HCP still provides take authorization for Stephens’ kangaroo rat within its boundaries.

Although there are no core reserves within the City, the majority of the City is within the Stephens’ kangaroo rat plan area, and therefore is subject to fees (See Figure 5.4-1). The MSHCP provides take authorization outside of the area already covered by the Stephens’ kangaroo rat HCP.

Figure 5.4-6, Flow Chart to Guide Development Applications, Figure 5.4-7, Flow Chart Based on Project Action, Figure

5.4-8, Flow Chart to Guide Special-Status Wildlife (Amphibians) Recommendations, Figure 5.4-9, Flow Chart to Guide Burrowing Owl Recommendations, Figure 5.4-10, Flow Chart to Guide Vernal Pools and Fairy Shrimp Recommendations, Figure 5.4-11, Flow Chart to Guide Riparian Bird Species Recommendations, Figure 5.4-12, Flow Chart to Guide Coastal California Gnatcatcher Recommendations, Figure 5.4-13, Flow Chart to Guide Special-Status Wildlife (Including Protected Birds/Nests) Recommendations, and Figure 5.4-14, Flow Chart to Guide Covered Roads Recommendations, provide flow charts to assist future developers on the steps required to ensure future projects minimize impacts to biological resources.

While compliance with applicable regulations, and implementation of the Proposed General Plan policies and mitigation measures would protect special status species, it is uncertain as to whether changes in project design or mitigation would fully reduce impacts to a less than significant level. As project-specific information is unknown at this time, it would be speculative to make such determinations. Therefore, impacts to sensitive plant and wildlife species are conservatively considered significant and unavoidable.

Level of Significance Before Mitigation: Impact 5.4-1 would be potentially significant. 308
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FLOW CHART TO GUIDE DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS
Does your property occur
within a Criteria Cell? (Visit
https://www.wrcrca.org/rcamaps/)
Yes
Habitat Evaluation
and Negotiation
Strategy (HANS)
application
submitted
HANS determination
made
Property needed
for reserve
assembly
100% of property
Initiate Joint
Project Review
(JPR)*
RCA agrees with
permitee
Refer to
HANS
Aquisition
flow chart**
Complete HANS,
JPR, CEQA, and
project approval
RCA disagrees
with permitee
Refer to
HANS
Aquisition
flow chart**
Complete HANS,
JPR, CEQA, and
project approval
Portion of
property
Applicant fulfills
MSHCP
requirements for
studies/analysis
Initiate JPR with
RCA*
Permitee receives
MSHCP findings
from RCA and
Wildlife Agencies
Complete HANS,
JPR, CEQA, and
project approval
Property not
needed for
reserve assembly
Applicant fulfills
MSHCP
requirements for
studies/analysis
Initiates JPR with
RCA*
Permitee receives
MSHCP findings
from RCA and
Wildlife Agencies
Complete HANS,
JPR, CEQA, and
project approval
No HANS is not required
Is a Determination
of Biologically
Equivalent or
Superior
Preservation
(DBESP) needed?
Yes
Applicant fulfills
MSHCP
requirements for
studies/analysis
City/Riverside
County and
Wildlife
Agencies review
DBESP
No
Applicant fulfills
MSHCP
requirements for
studies/analysis
** https://www.wrc-rca.org/wpcontent/uploads/2022/04/HANS_acquisi tion_flow_chart_v3.pdf
* https://www.wrc-rca.org/wpcontent/uploads/2022/11/0722_J PR_Flow_Chart_NEW.pdf
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-6 - Flow Chart to Guide Development Applications

5. Environmental Analysis

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A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
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A-2

FLOW CHART BASED ON PROJECT ACTION
Project is discretionary or ministerial action?
Project is discretionary action Refer to "Flow Chart to Guide Development Actions"
Project is ministerial action
Work with the City/Riverside County to ensure action
has lowest environmental impact possible (i.e.,
Expedited Review Process)
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
Source: ECORP Consulting 2023.

PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-7 - Flow Chart Based on Project Action

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
310
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-3

FLOW CHART TO GUIDE SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE (AMPHIBIANS) RECOMMENDATIONS If a project falls within a
mapped survey area for
amphibian species (arroyo
toad, California red-legged
frog, and mountain
yelllow-legged frog),
conduct site assessment to
determine if there is
suitable habitat for these
species to occur within
action area (WLD-1)
Suitable habitat for specialstatus amphibians is present.

Conduct focused surveys in
accordance with accepted
survey protocols prior to
implementation of action
(WLD-1).

Special-status amphibians
found within action area.

The action cannot avoid
(permanent or temporary)
at least 90% of the occupied
portion of the property.

Prepare a DBESP Report.

The action will avoid
(permanent or temporary)
at least 90% of the occupied
portion of the property.

Develop and implement
appropriate Best
Management Practices to
ensure impacts remain less
than significant.

No special-status
amphibians found within
action area.

No further actions
recommended.

Suitable habitat for specialstatus amphibians is absent.

Include a statement that no
suitable habitat is present
on the project site
supported with solid
evidence and no further
measures are
recommended.

November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
Source: ECORP Consulting 2024.

PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-8 - Flow Chart to Guide Special-Status Wildlife (Amphibians) Recommendations

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
(BIO-3)
(BIO-3)
311
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-4

FLOW CHART TO GUIDE BURROWING OWL RECOMMENDATIONS
If a project falls within a
mapped survey area for
burrowing owl, conduct
site assessment to
determine if there is
suitable habitat for this
species to occur within
action area (WLD-2)
Suitable habitat for
burrowing owl is present.

Conduct focused surveys in
accordance with the
MSHCP Burrowing Owl
Survey Instructions prior to
implementation of action
(WLD-2).

Burrowing owl found within
action area.

The action cannot avoid
(permanent or temporary)
at least 90% of the occupied
portion of the property.

Prepare a DBESP Report and
Burrowing Owl Protection
and Relocation Plan.

The action will avoid
(permanent or temporary)
at least 90% of the occupied
portion of the property.

Develop and implement
appropriate Best
Management Practices to
ensure impacts remain less
than significant.

Burrowing owl not found
within action area.

Conduct pre-construction
survey for burrowing owl no
more than 30 days prior to
initiation of ground
disturbance.

Suitable habitat for
burrowing owl is absent.

Include a statement that no
suitable habitat is present
on the project site
supported with solid
evidence and no further
measures are
recommended.

November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
Source: ECORP Consulting 2024.

PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-9 - Flow Chart to Guide Burrowing Owl Recommendations

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
(BIO-4)
(BIO-4)
312
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-6

FLOW CHART TO GUIDE VERNAL POOLS AND FAIRY SHRIMP RECOMMENDATIONS If a project has the
potential to impact vernal
pools and fairy shrimp,
conduct site assessment to
determine if there is
suitable habitat for these
species to occur within
action area (WLD-4)
Suitable habitat for vernal
pools and fairy shrimp is
present.

Conduct focused surveys
pursuant to USFWS Survey
Guidelines for Listed Large
Branchiopods prior to
implementation of action
(WLD-4).

Fairy shrimp species are
found within action area.

The action cannot avoid
(permanent or temporary)
at least 90% of the occupied
portion of the property.

Prepare a DBESP Report.

The action will avoid
(permanent or temporary)
at least 90% of the occupied
portion of the property.

Develop and implement
appropriate Best
Management Practices to
ensure impacts remain less
than significant.

Fairy shrimp species are not
found within action area.

No further actions
recommended.

Suitable habitat for vernal
pools and fairy shrimp is
absent.

Include a statement that no
suitable habitat is present
on the project site
supported with solid
evidence and no further
measures are
recommended.

November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
Source: ECORP Consulting 2024.

PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-10 - Flow Chart to Guide Vernal Pools and Fairy Shrimp Recommendations

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
(BIO-6)
(BIO-6)
313
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-7

FLOW CHART TO GUIDE RIPARIAN BIRD SPECIES RECOMMENDATIONS If a project has the
potential to impact riparian
bird species (least Bell's
vireo, southwestern willow
flycatcher, yellow-billed
cuckoo), conduct site
assessment to determine if
there is suitable habitat for
these species to occur
within action area (WLD-5)
Suitable habitat for riparian
bird species is present.

Conduct focused surveys in
accordance with accepted
USFWS survey protocols
prior to implementation of
action (WLD-5).

Riparian bird species found
within action area.

If least Bell's vireo found,
the action cannot avoid
(permanent or temporary)
at least 90% of the occupied
portion of the property.

Prepare a DBESP Report.

If southwestern willow
flycatcher or yelllow-billed
cuckoo found, if the action
cannot demonstrate 100%
conservation of the
property.

Prepare a DBESP Report.

Riparian bird species not
found within action area.

No further actions
recommended.

Suitable habitat for riparian
bird species is absent.

Include a statement that no
suitable habitat is present
on the project site
supported with solid
evidence and no further
measures are
recommended.

November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
Source: ECORP Consulting 2024.

PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-11 - Flow Chart to Guide Riparian Bird Species Recommendations

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
(BIO-7)
(BIO-7)
314
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-8

FLOW CHART TO GUIDE COASTAL CALIFORNIA GNATCATCHER RECOMMENDATIONS If a project has the potential to
impact coastal California
gnatcatcher, conduct site
assessment to determine if there
is suitable habitat for this species
to occur within action area
(WLD-6)
Suitable habitat for California
gnatcatcher is present.

Avoid clearing, grubbing, grading,
and associated construction
actions in gnatcatcher occupied
habitat within Criteria Cells
and/or PQP lands between March
1 and August 15.

If this species is present and
habitat cannot be avoided.

Habitat cannot be removed from
March 1 to August 15 unless
focused surveys are conducted to
prove absence.

No further actions recommended.

Suitable habitat for California
gnatcatcher is absent.

Include a statement that no
suitable habitat is present on the
project site supported with solid
evidence and no further
measures are recommended.

November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
Source: ECORP Consulting 2024.

PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-12 - Flow Chart to Guide Coastal Gnatcatcher Recommendations

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
(BIO-8)
315
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-9

FLOW CHART TO GUIDE SPECIAL-STATUS WILDLIFE (INCLUDING PROTECTED BIRDS/NESTS) RECOMMENDATIONS Conduct site assessment to
determine if there is
potential for protected
birds/nests to occur within
action area (BRD-1)
Special-status wildlife
and/or protected
birds/nests have potential
to occur in action area and
may be impacted by the
action.

Conduct pre-construction
nesting bird survey within
all suitable habitat within 3
days prior to
implementation of action.

Protected birds/nests are
determined to be present.

The action may result in
significant impacts.

Develop and implement
appropriate avoidance and
minimization measures (in
consultation with CDFW
for State-regulated wildlife
and USFWS for federally
listed wildlife and critical
habitat).

The action will not result in
significant impacts.

Develop and implement
appropriate avoidance and
minimization measures to
ensure impacts remain less
than significant.

Protected birds/nests are
determined to be absent.

No further action is
recommended,
construction may begin. If
site conditions change or
construction is delayed,
return to beginning of this
flow chart.

Protected birds/nests do
not have potential to occur
in action area and/or will
not be impacted by the
action.

No further action is
recommended,
construction may begin. If
site conditions change,
return to beginning of this
flow chart.

November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
Source: ECORP Consulting 2024.

PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-13 - Flow Chart to Guide Special-Status Wildlife (Including Protected Birds/Nests) Recommendations

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
(BIO-9)
316
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-13

FLOW CHART TO GUIDE COVERED ROADS RECOMMENDATIONS
Does the project
occur within a Criteria
Cell?
Yes
Actions are considered
Covered Activities
within existing
Public/Quasi-Public
(PQP) Lands
Existing roads within
existing PQP Lands
Privately maintained
road
Refer to Appendix C of
the MSHCP* for AMMs.

Publicly maintained road Determine if actions are
Covered Activities**
Refer to Section 7.5.3
and Appendix C of the
MSHCP* for AMMs.

Planned roads within
existing PQP Lands
An equivalency analysis
shall be prepared by
either the permittee or
the entity requesting a
Certificate of Inclusion.

Alignment and design
subject to approval which
includes appropriate
environmental review
pursuant to CEQA.

Refer to Appendix C of
the MSHCP* for AMMs.

May include
construction of wildlife
crossings.

Actions are considered
Covered Activities within
Criteria Area
Existing roads within the
Criteria Area
Privately maintained
road
Maintenance activities
are subject to the
submittal of an
application for
Certificate of Inclusion
Refer to Section 7.5.3
and Appendix C of the
MSHCP* for AMMs.

Publicly maintained road Determine if actions are
Covered Activities**
Refer to Section 7.5.3
and Appendix C of the
MSHCP* for AMMs.

Planned roads within
the Criteria Area
The road is identified in
Table 7-4 of the MSHCP.

Yes Covered Activities. No
further steps required
No
An amendment to the
MSHCP in accordance
with the procedures
outlined in Section 6.10
of the MSHCP is
required.

No
Confirm consistency
with MSHCP policies
for projects outside
Criteria Areas
* https://rctlma.org/multiplespecies-habitat-conservation-planmshcp-volume-1-appendix-c ** https://rctlma.org/multiplespecies-habitat-conservationplan-mshcp-volume-1-section70 November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
Source: ECORP Consulting 2024.

PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-14 - Flow Chart to Guide Covered Road Recommendations

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
317

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5. Environmental Analysis

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
May 2024 Page 5.4-75
Mitigation Measures
BIO-1 If an action may adversely impact biological resources, a qualified biologist or their trained designee shall conduct mandatory worker environmental awareness training for all parties involved with implementation of the action (e.g., contractors and work crews), prior to the start of construction, to aid the parties in recognizing special-status species and other sensitive biological resources that may occur within the area of the proposed action. The training shall include identification of the special-status species with potential to occur and their habitats, a description of the regulatory status of sensitive resources, and review of the impact limits, location of environmentally sensitive areas, and measures required to reduce impacts to avoided onsite and offsite biological resources.

BIO-2 If an action has potential to inadvertently impact avoided onsite or offsite biological resources, appropriate measures shall be developed and implemented prior to the start of ground disturbing activities to ensure all impacts occur only in the area of the proposed action.

Appropriate measures may include control of sediment, erosion, and hazardous materials; demarcation of action area prior to implementation and maintenance of demarcation through the duration of implementation; and measures to ensure all actions that have potential to impact biological resources stay within the demarcated limits.

BIO-3 If an action has potential to adversely impact amphibian species (e.g., may impact potential habitat for amphibians or may otherwise result in disturbance to amphibians from noise, light, or some other potentially disturbing activity), prior to the start of ground-disturbing activities, determine if a project falls within the mapped survey area for amphibian species (arroyo toad, California red-legged frog, and mountain yellow-legged frog [Rana muscosa]) and if suitable habitat is present, then focused surveys shall be required prior to ground-disturbing activities and the results shall be included in the habitat assessment. Focused surveys shall be conducted in accordance with accepted survey protocols for the arroyo toad, California red-legged frog, and mountain yellow-legged frog (USFWS Survey Protocol for the Arroyo Toad [1999], USFWS Revised Guidance on Site Assessments and Field Surveys for the California RedLegged Frog [2005], and MSHCP Mountain Yellow-Legged Frog Survey Protocol). If a project is not located within an amphibian survey area, a statement to this effect shall be included in the and the results shall be included in the habitat assessment and no further action is required. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for amphibian species to occur within a project site, a conclusion that no suitable habitat is present on the site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be provided to the project applicant and the City of Wildomar Community Development Department. If conditions or circumstances change after the environmental analysis is conducted and prior to ground-disturbing activities associated with the action, then the validity of the results shall be confirmed, or an updated environmental analysis shall be conducted prior to impacting a project site. 318

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If amphibian species are identified within a project site and a project cannot avoid (permanent or temporary) at least 90 percent of the occupied portion of the property that contributes to the long-term conservation value of the species, a DBESP shall be required. A justification by a qualified biologist regarding how the 90 percent and 10 percent determinations were made is required and shall be included in the DBESP. Refer to Figure 5.4-8, Flow Chart to Guide SpecialStatus Wildlife (Amphibians) Recommendations.

BIO-4 If an action has potential to adversely impact the burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) (e.g., may impact potential habitat or may otherwise result in disturbance to burrowing owls from noise, light, or some other potentially disturbing activity), prior to the start of ground-disturbing activities, determine if a project falls within the mapped (designated) survey area for the burrowing owl and if suitable habitat is present, then focused surveys shall be required prior to ground-disturbing activities and the results shall be included in the habitat assessment.

Focused surveys shall be conducted in accordance with the MSHCP Burrowing Owl Survey Instructions and during the breeding season (survey window is March 1 to August 31). If a project is not located within the burrowing owl survey area, include a statement to this effect and no further action is required. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for burrowing owls to occur within a project site, a conclusion that no suitable habitat is present on the site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be provided to the project applicant and the City of Wildomar Community Development Department. If conditions or circumstances change after the environmental analysis is conducted and prior to grounddisturbing activities associated with the action, then the validity of the results shall be confirmed, or an updated environmental analysis shall be conducted prior to impacting a project site.

If burrowing owls are not found during focused surveys, documentation prepared by a qualified biologist shall include a written commitment to conduct pre-construction surveys for the burrowing owl in areas of suitable habitat no more than 30 days prior to the initiation of ground disturbance (e.g., vegetation clearing, clearing and grubbing, tree removal, site watering, equipment staging, grading, etc.) to ensure that no owls have colonized the site in the days or weeks preceding the ground-disturbing activities. If burrowing owls have colonized a project site prior to the initiation of ground-disturbing activities, the project proponent shall immediately inform the Regional Conservation Authority (RCA) and the Wildlife Agencies, such as the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and will need to coordinate further with RCA and the Wildlife Agencies, including the possibility of preparing and getting approval of a Burrowing Owl Protection and Relocation Plan, prior to initiating ground disturbance. If ground-disturbing activities occur, but the site is left undisturbed for more than 30 days, a pre-construction survey will be required again to ensure burrowing owl has not colonized the site since it was last disturbed. If the burrowing owl is found, the same coordination described above shall be necessary.
319

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BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
May 2024 Page 5.4-77
If burrowing owls are identified within a project site and a project cannot avoid (permanent or temporary) at least 90 percent of the occupied portion of the property that contributes to the long-term conservation value of the species, a DBESP is required and a Burrowing Owl Protection and Relocation Plan shall be prepared, approved and implemented. A justification by a qualified biologist regarding how the 90 percent and 10 percent determinations were made is required and shall be included in the DBESP. Refer to Figure 5.4-9, Flow Chart to Guide Burrowing Owl Recommendations.

BIO-5 If an action has potential to adversely impact mammal species (e.g., may impact potential habitat for mammals or may otherwise result in disturbance to mammals from noise, light, or some other potentially disturbing activity), prior to the start of ground-disturbing activities, determine if a project falls within the mapped survey area for mammal species (Aguanga kangaroo rat [Dipodomys merriami collinus], Los Angeles pocket mouse [Perognathus longimembris brevinasus], and San Bernardino kangaroo rat) and if suitable habitat is present, then focused surveys shall be required prior to ground-disturbing activities and the results shall be included in the habitat assessment. Focused surveys shall be conducted in accordance with accepted survey protocols for these species (MSHCP Biological Monitoring Program – Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat [2006] and Survey Protocol for Los Angeles Pocket Mouse). If a project is not located within a mammal survey area, include a statement to this effect and no further action is required. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for mammal species to occur within a project site, a conclusion that no suitable habitat is present on a site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be provided to the project applicant and the City of Wildomar Community Development Department. If conditions or circumstances change after the environmental analysis is conducted and prior to ground-disturbing activities associated with the action, then the validity of the results shall be confirmed, or an updated environmental analysis shall be conducted prior to impacting a project site.

If mammal species are identified within a project site and a project cannot avoid (permanent or temporary) at least 90 percent of the occupied portion of the property that contributes to the long-term conservation value of the species, a DBESP is required. A justification by a qualified biologist regarding how the 90 percent and 10 percent determinations were made is required and shall be included in the DBESP.

BIO-6 If an action has potential to adversely impact vernal pools or other suitable fairy shrimp habitats, then focused surveys shall be required prior to ground-disturbing activities and the results shall be included in the habitat assessment. Focused surveys shall be conducted pursuant to the USFWS Survey Guidelines for the Listed Large Branchiopods, which includes six listed fairy shrimp species, including those species covered under the MSHCP Section 6.1.2.

Two seasons of fairy shrimp surveys are required. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for vernal pools or fairy shrimp species to occur within a project site, a conclusion that no suitable habitat is present on the site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be 320

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5. Environmental Analysis

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

provided to the project applicant and the City of Wildomar Community Development Department. If conditions or circumstances change after the environmental analysis is conducted and prior ground-disturbing activities associated with the action, then the validity of the results shall be confirmed, or an updated environmental analysis shall be conducted prior to impacting a project site.

If fairy shrimp species are identified within a project site and a project cannot avoid (permanent or temporary) at least 90 percent of the occupied portion of the property that contributes to the long-term conservation value of the species, a DBESP is required. A justification by a qualified biologist regarding how the 90 percent and 10 percent determinations were made is required and shall be included in the DBESP. Refer to Figure

5.4-10, Flow Chart to Guide Vernal Pools and Fairy Shrimp Recommendations.

BIO-7 If an action has potential to adversely impact riparian bird species (least Bell’s vireo, southwestern willow flycatcher, or yellow-billed cuckoo [Coccyzus americanus]), and if suitable habitat (nesting and/or foraging) is present, then protocol-level focused surveys shall be required. Focused surveys shall be conducted in accordance with accepted USFWS survey protocols for the least Bell’s vireo, southwestern willow flycatcher, and yellow-billed cuckoo (Least Bell’s Vireo Survey Guidelines [2001], A Natural History Summary and Survey Protocol for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher [2010], and A Natural History Summary and Survey Protocol for the Western Distinct Population Segment of the Yellow-Billed Cuckoo [2016]).

If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for riparian bird species to occur within a project site, a conclusion that no suitable habitat is present on the site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be provided to the project applicant and City of Wildomar Community Development Department. If conditions or circumstances change after the environmental analysis is conducted and prior to ground-disturbing activities associated with the action, then the validity of the results shall be confirmed, or an updated environmental analysis shall be conducted prior to impacting a project site.

If least Bell’s vireo, southwestern willow flycatcher, or yellow-billed cuckoo are identified within a project site and a project cannot demonstrate 90 percent avoidance of the occupied portion of the property that contributes to the long-term conservation value of the species, a DBESP is required. This includes 100 meters of undeveloped landscape on a property adjacent to the habitat conserved. A justification by a qualified biologist regarding how the 90 percent and 10 percent determinations were made is required and shall be included in the DBESP. Refer to Figure 5.4-11, Flow Chart to Guide Riparian Bird Species Recommendations.

BIO-8 If an action has the potential to impact coastal California gnatcatcher, a habitat assessment shall be prepared by a qualified biologist to determine if suitable habitat is present in the area of the proposed action. If suitable habitat is present (i.e., coastal sage scrub, Riversidean sage scrub) and an action has potential to adversely impact the coastal California gnatcatcher, avoid clearing, grubbing, grading, and associated construction actions in gnatcatcher occupied 321

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May 2024 Page 5.4-79
habitat within the Criteria Cells and/or PQP lands between March 1 and August 15. If this species is detected and a project may be potentially occupied and the habitat cannot be avoided, this habitat cannot be removed from March 1 to August 15 without conducting focused protocol-level surveys to prove absence. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for coastal California gnatcatcher to occur within a project site, a conclusion that no suitable habitat is present on the site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be provided to the project applicant and the City of Wildomar Community Development Department. Refer to Figure 5.4-12, Flow Chart to Coastal Gnatcatcher Recommendations.

BIO-9 If an action that may adversely impact birds or nests (e.g., ground or vegetation disturbance, noise near nesting habitat) and is expected is to occur during the nesting season (generally February 1 through September 15), a pre-construction nesting-bird survey shall be conducted for all suitable nesting habitat within three days prior to ground-disturbing activities associated with the action. The survey shall be conducted by a qualified biologist within a project site plus a buffer for the project as determined by the qualified biologist (based on the action and what bird species may be impacted). If no nesting birds are observed during the survey, site preparation and construction activities may begin. If nesting birds (including nesting raptors) are found to be present, avoidance or minimization measures shall be undertaken to avoid potential project-related impacts. Measures may include seasonal work restrictions or establishment of a non-disturbance buffer around each active nest until nesting has been completed as determined through periodic nest monitoring by the biologist. The size of the non-disturbance buffer shall be determined by the project biologist. Once nesting is deemed complete by the project biologist, work may resume within the buffer. Refer to Figure 5.4-13, Flow Chart to Guide Special-Status Wildlife (Including Protected Birds/Nests) Recommendations.

Level of Significance After Mitigation: Impact 5.4-1 would be significant and unavoidable.

Impact 5.4-2: Implementation of the Proposed General Plan could impact sensitive natural communities, including wetlands and riparian habitat. [Thresholds B-2 and B-3] Most of the wetlands that exist within the City limits can be categorized as freshwater emergent wetlands, freshwater forested/shrub wetlands, freshwater ponds, and riverine, as shown in Figure 5.4-5a through Figure

5.4-5o. These features are commonly associated with streambeds, drainages, and channels (such as the Murrieta Creek), and have the potential to provide corridors that encourage the movement of wildlife and provide habitat for sensitive wildlife and plant species.

According to a CNDDB search, five sensitive natural vegetation communities were recorded within or near the City: Southern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest, Southern Cottonwood Willow Riparian Forest, Southern Interior Basalt Flow Vernal Pool, Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland, and Valley Needlegrass Grassland.
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The general vegetation communities and land cover types within the City include agricultural lands; chaparral; coastal sage scrub; grassland; meadows and marshes; riparian scrub, woodland, and forests; water; woodland and forests; and developed/disturbed areas (see Figure 5.4-4a through Figure 5.4-4o). These general communities have the potential to be composed of vegetation alliances, which may be considered sensitive natural communities by CDFW.

While the City is mostly urbanized, it does contain open space areas that may be suitable for sensitive natural communities such as wetlands and riparian habitats. Implementation of the proposed project would increase development in the City, which could impact sensitive natural communities.

Future development in accordance with the Proposed General Plan, including maintenance of drainages to maintain public safety, could impact waters and wetlands jurisdictional to the CDFW, USACE, and San Diego and Santa Ana RWQCBs. Waters of the United States are jurisdictional to the USACE; waters of the State are jurisdictional to the San Diego and Santa Ana RWQCBs and the CDFW; and wetlands meeting certain criteria are jurisdictional to the USACE and/or the CDFW. Future development in accordance with the Proposed General Plan could impact sensitive natural communities directly (e.g., building over the jurisdictional resources by filling the land) or indirectly (e.g., increased stormwater drainage or runoff into nearby jurisdictional waters).

The Proposed General Plan includes policies aimed at reducing impacts to sensitive natural communities, such as Policy LU-13.1, which provides for the permanent preservation of open space lands, and Policy OS-1.2, which requires development to avoid and conserve remaining habitats in wetlands and riparian areas. Moreover, the MSHCP does not allow take of riparian areas.

Additionally, Mitigation Measures BIO-1, BIO-2, and BIO-10 through BIO-13 would be implemented, which require an environmental analysis and DBESP for aquatic resources and natural vegetation communities and a Lake or Streambed Alteration Notification.

Figure 5.4-15, Flow Chart to Guide Riparian Habitat/Riverine Areas and Vernal Pools, and Figure 5.4-16, Flow Chart to Guide Aquatic Resources Recommendations, provide flow charts to assist future developers on the steps required to ensure future projects minimize impacts to riparian habitats and aquatic resources.

Implementation of the Proposed General Plan policies as well as Mitigation Measures BIO-1 and BIO-2, and BIO-10 through BIO-13 would reduce impacts to less than significant.

Level of Significance Before Mitigation: Impact 5.4-2 would be potentially significant. 323
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-10

FLOW CHART TO GUIDE RIPARIAN HABITAT/RIVERINE AREAS AND VERNAL POOLS Conduct site
assessment to
determine if there is
riparian habitat/riverine
areas and/or vernal
pools within action
area (VEG-1).

Riparian/riverine habitat
and/or vernal pools are
present and may be
impacted by the action.

Map riparian/riverine habitat,
and/or vernal pools within the
action area and determine if
they will be impacted by the
action.

Riparian/riverine
habitat and/or vernal
pools will be impacted
by the action.

Develop and
implement appropriate
AMMs.

The action will impact
riparian/riverine habitat.

Obtain a Streambed
Alteration Agreement
from CDFW. AMMs will
be developed during
that process (RIP-1).

Prepare a DBESP
Report.

Riparian/riverine habitat
and/or vernal pools
won't be impacted by
the action.

Develop and
implement appropriate
avoidance measures to
ensure no inadvertent
impacts occur to
avoided vegetation. If
site conditions change,
return to beginning of
this flow chart.

Riparian/riverine
habitat and/or vernal
pools are absent.

No further action
recommended. If site
conditions change,
return to beginning of
this flow chart.

November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-15 - Flow Chart to Guide Riparian Habitat/Riverine Areas and Vernal Pools

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
(BIO-10).

Source: ECORP Consulting 2024.
(BIO-11).
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ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-11

FLOW CHART TO GUIDE AQUATIC RESOURCES RECOMMENDATIONS
Conduct site
assessment to
determine if there
are aquatic
resources within
action area
(WTR1).

Aquatic resources
are present.

Conduct aquatic
resources
delineation per
USACE
requirements
(WTR2).

Potentially
regulated aquatic
resources are
present and may be
impacted by the
Project.

Submit aquatic
resources
delineation to
USACE and obtain
an AJD or PJD.

Waters regulated by
the USACE may be
impacted.

Obtain applicable
federal and State
permits prior to fill
of Waters of the
U.S. AMMs will be
developed during
that process.

Waters not
regulated by the
USACE may be
impacted.

Obtain applicable
State permits prior
to fill of Waters of
the State. AMMs
will be developed
during that process.

Potentially
regulated aquatic
resources are
absent and/or won't
be impacted by the
Project.

Develop and
implement
appropriate
avoidance
measures to ensure
no inadvertent
impacts occur to
avoided or offsite
aquatic resources.

Aquatic resources
are absent.

No additional
recommendations
unless conditions
change.

November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-16 - Flow Chart to Guide Aquatic Resources Recommendations

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
(BIO-12).
(BIO-13).

Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
Source: ECORP Consulting 2024.
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Mitigation Measures
See Mitigation Measures BIO-1 and BIO-2.

BIO-10 If an action may impact sensitive natural vegetation communities, an environmental analysis to determine if there is potential for sensitive natural communities or other protected vegetation communities shall be conducted by a qualified biologist. If it is determined that in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there are no sensitive natural communities or other protected vegetation communities within a project site, no other measures are recommended. If sensitive natural communities (riparian habitat, riverine areas, vernal pools) are identified within the impact area (permanent and temporary, direct and indirect), appropriate measures to avoid, minimize, or mitigate for impacts to sensitive natural communities shall be implemented. If riparian/riverine resources and vernal pools are proposed for avoidance, the habitat assessment shall include a commitment to place a conservation easement or deed restriction over the area in order to demonstrate that the area will be protected in perpetuity. If a project cannot avoid riparian/riverine habitat and/or vernal pools in perpetuity (both permanent and temporarily), a DBESP shall be required that would propose mitigation that demonstrates equivalent or superior function and value, and shall be submitted to the City of Wildomar Community Development Department and applicable Wildlife Agencies. Refer to Figure 5.4-15, Flow Chart to Guide Riparian Habitat/Riverine Areas and Vernal Pools.

BIO-11 If an action will impact riparian habitat as determined by a qualified biologist, a Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement, pursuant to Section 1602 of the California Department of Fish and Game Code shall be obtained prior to the start of ground disturbing activities.

Minimization measures will be developed during consultation with CDFW as part of the Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement process to ensure protections for affected fish and wildlife resources.

BIO-12 If an action has the potential to impact aquatic resources, an environmental analysis (i.e., a preliminary aquatic resources delineation) shall be conducted to determine if potentially regulated aquatic resources occur within a project site. A qualified wetland delineator shall conduct the environmental analysis and it shall include review of the best available hydrological information, a reconnaissance-level site visit, and an evaluation of aquatic resources to determine the potential for regulated aquatic resources to occur within a project site. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there are no potentially regulated aquatic resources, no other measures are recommended and the habitat assessment shall be submitted to the City of Wildomar Community Development Department and applicable Wildlife Agencies. If conditions or circumstances change after the environmental analysis is conducted and prior to ground-disturbing activities associated with the action, the validity of the results shall be confirmed or an updated environmental analysis shall be conducted prior to impacting a project site. Refer to Figure 5.4-16, Flow Chart to Guide Aquatic Resources Recommendations.
326

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BIO-13 If an action may impact potentially regulated aquatic resources, an aquatic resources delineation shall be conducted by a qualified biologist for a project consistent with the methods detailed within the Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual (Environmental Laboratory 1987), Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region (USACE 2008), and State Wetlands Definitions and Procedures for Discharges of Dredged and Fill Material to Waters of the State, and local policies by the CDFW regarding their jurisdiction, following the definitions contained within the California Fish and Game Code pertaining to regulated resources (lakes, streams, and associated hydrophytic vegetation). If it is determined by a qualified biologist that potentially regulated aquatic resources are absent from a project site or will not be impacted by the action, no other measures are recommended and the habitat assessment shall be submitted to the City of Wildomar Community Development Department and USACE. If it is determined that potentially regulated aquatic resources may be impacted by the action, the delineation shall be submitted to the USACE, and a Preliminary Jurisdictional Determination or Approved Jurisdictional Determination shall be obtained. The project applicant shall obtain all required permits from the USACE and applicable agencies prior to the start of construction activities.

Refer to Figure 5.4-16, Flow Chart to Guide Aquatic Resources Recommendations.

Level of Significance After Mitigation: Impact 5.4-2 would be less than significant.

Impact 5.4-3: The proposed project could affect wildlife movement in and around the City. [Threshold B-4] In the southwestern area of the City limits are the foothills of the Cleveland National Forest, which contain a large expanse of natural habitat that may allow for wildlife migration and nursery sites. The City also encompasses the foothills of the Santa Margarita Mountains and Elsinore Mountains. However, due to development within the City, movement from the City into the Cleveland National Forest and mountain ranges, and vice versa, is limited. The City is developed and I-15 bisects the City in a north-south direction, which further limits the success of wildlife dispersal. An additional movement corridor, Murrieta Creek, exists within the City; creeks and drainages often provide wildlife with ways to move throughout developed areas. The San Andreas Rift Zone within and adjacent to the City provides unique topographical characteristics, microclimates, and habitats that allow for habitat linkages and can facilitate movement. The City provides wildlife movement opportunities in other forms, such as open land and preserved areas. Although the City’s developed environment lessens the value of wildlife corridors within the City, such corridors still exist.

The MSHCP has proposed to create a linkage (Proposed Linkage 8), which is composed largely of upland habitat in the Sedco Hills and Wildomar area, that would connect the Core Areas in the Lake Mathews/Estelle Mountain, Alberhill, and Cleveland National Forest areas with the Core Areas in French Valley, Johnson Ranch, Diamond Valley Lake, and San Jacinto Mountains. This proposed linkage would provide live-in habitat for over 50 pairs of coastal California gnatcatcher, as well as a connection to other key populations of gnatcatcher known to occur in Alberhill, North Peak, and the Ramsgate area. Other planning species for which habitat is provided include Quino checkerspot butterfly, Stephens’ kangaroo rat, and bobcat (RCTLMA 2023b). The grasslands in this proposed linkage also provide foraging habitat for a number of raptors. Maintenance of large intact interconnected habitat blocks is important for these species. The northern portion of this linkage 327

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May 2024 Page 5.4-85
includes a portion of the lower San Jacinto River extending under I-15 to connect with Proposed Extension of Existing Core 3, which is in the northeast region of the MSHCP area (RCTLMA 2023b).

Migratory birds can also be found within the City limits. Migratory birds, some of which are listed in Table

5.4-2, may use the surrounding areas, including the City, as a stopping point in their migratory journey. These birds are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The MBTA implements international treaties between the U.S. and other nations devised to protect migratory birds, and any of their parts, eggs, and nests, from activities such as hunting, pursuing, capturing, killing, selling, and shipping, unless expressly authorized in the regulations or by permit. All future development within the City would be required to comply with the MBTA.

Additionally, the MSHCP does not allow take of any nesting birds, regardless of the time of year, pursuant to the MBTA and applicable Fish and Game Codes.

Figure 5.4-17, Flow Chart to Guide Wildlife Corridor and Movement Protection Recommendations, provides a flow chart to assist future developers on the steps required to ensure future projects minimize impacts to wildlife corridors.

The Proposed General Plan includes policies aimed at reducing impacts to wildlife corridors, such as Policy LU-13.1, which provides for the permanent preservation of open space lands, and Policy OS-1.4, which aims to pursue opportunities for rewilding and restoring critical habitats. Additionally, Mitigation Measures BIO-1, BIO-2, BIO-7, BIO-8, and BIO-9, as well as Mitigation Measure BIO-14, which requires measures to avoid, minimize, and mitigate for significant impacts to be implemented in consultation with the appropriate regulatory agency.

With the implementation of the Proposed General Plan policies and Mitigation Measures BIO-1, BIO-2, BIO7, BIO-8, BIO-9, and BIO-14, impacts would be reduced to less than significant.

Level of Significance Before Mitigation: Impact 5.4-3 would be potentially significant.

Mitigation Measures
See Mitigation Measures BIO-1, BIO-2, BIO-7, BIO-8, and BIO-9.

BIO-14 If an action will substantially impact wildlife movement, established wildlife corridors, or impede the use of nursery sites, measures to avoid, minimize, or mitigate for significant impacts shall be determined in consultation with the appropriate regulatory agency (e.g., CDFW, USFWS, NMFS) and implemented prior to the start of ground disturbing activities.

Refer to Figure 5.4-17, Flow Chart to Guide Wildlife Corridor and Movement Protection Recommendations.

Level of Significance After Mitigation: Impact 5.4-3 would be less than significant. 328
Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts

FLOW CHART TO GUIDE WILDLIFE CORRIDOR AND MOVEMENT PROTECTION RECOMMENDATIONS Conduct site assessment to
determine if wildlife movement,
movement corridors, or wildlife
nursery sites are within the action
area (WLD-7).

Wildlife movement, movement
corridors, or wildlife nursery sites are
present.

The action may result in significant
impacts.

Develop and implement appropriate
AMMs (in consultation with CDFW for
State-regulated wildlife and USFWS
for federally listed wildlife and critical
habitat).

The action will not result in significant
impacts.

Develop and implement appropriate
avoidance and minimization measures
to ensure impacts remain less than
significant.

Wildlife movement, movement
corridors, or wildlife nursery sites are
absent.

No additional recommendations
unless conditions change.

PlaceWorks
Figure 5.4-17 - Flow Chart to Guide Wildlife Corridor and Movement Protection Recommendations

5. Environmental Analysis

CITY OF WILDOMAR PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR

CITY OF WILDOMAR
(BIO-14).

Source: ECORP Consulting 2024.

Appendix A – Bio Recommendations Flow Charts
ECORP Consulting, Inc.

Wildomar General Plan Update
A-14

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Term Definition
AJD Approved Jurisdictional Delineation
AMMs Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Measures
CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife
EFH Essential Fish Habitat
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service
PJD Preliminary Jurisdictional Delineation
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service
November 2023 (Revised March 2024)
2022-077
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Impact 5.4-4: Future projects in accordance with the Proposed General Plan would be required to comply with the Western Riverside Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan, the Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat Conservation Plan, and the City of Wildomar’s local biological resources polices and ordinances. [Thresholds B-5 and B-6]
The City is a participant in the Western Riverside County MSHCP, a comprehensive, multi-jurisdictional plan that addresses biological and ecological diversity by conserving species and associated habitats while allowing approval of development in western Riverside County. It is administered by the Regional Conservation Authority. The MSHCP requires that individuals, businesses, or public agencies proposing development in the “criteria area” of the MSHCP obtain approval from the Regional Conservation Authority and a permit from the local responsible agency. Criteria areas include the cell groups which are shown on Figure 5.4-2. Projects that are approved must pay fees for review and construction of the project in accordance with Chapter 3.42, MSHCP Mitigation Fee, of the Wildomar Municipal Code.

In addition to the MSHCP, a long-term (30-year) HCP for Stephens’ kangaroo rat is administered by the Riverside County Habitat Conservation Agency. The Stephens’ kangaroo rat HCP boundary is within the larger MSHCP boundary. For a project that occurs within the Stephens’ kangaroo rat HCP boundary, impacts to Stephens’ kangaroo rats are mitigated by the Stephens’ kangaroo rat HCP, and for any projects outside of the Stephens’ kangaroo rat HCP boundary but within the MSHCP, impacts are mitigated by the MSHCP. As the majority of the City is within the Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat Plan Area (see Figure 5.4-1), projects within these portions would be required to pay fees pursuant to Chapter 3.43, Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat Mitigation Fee, of the Wildomar Municipal Code.

Buildout of the Proposed General Plan could impact biological resources in the City. However, compliance with MSHCP, the Stephen’s kangaroo rat HCP, and the City’s Municipal Code would protect these resources.

Additionally, the Proposed General Plan policies would protect biological resources, such as Policy OS-1.1, which requires the enforcement of the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan and Stephens Kangaroo Rat Habitat Conservation Plan provisions.

Implementation of the Proposed General Plan would not conflict with an adopted habitat conservation plan, natural community conservation plan, or local ordinance. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.

Level of Significance Before Mitigation: Impact 5.4-4 would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures
No mitigation measures are required.

Level of Significance After Mitigation: Impact 5.4-4 would be less than significant.

5.4.5 Cumulative Impacts
The area considered for cumulative impacts on biological resources is the City and as well as potential loss of biological resources within the southern California region depending on a species’ range. Future projects in the 330

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City could impact sensitive species directly and/or indirectly through impacts on those species’ habitats. These projects would be required to comply with existing laws and regulations protecting biological resources.

Any development within the City may result in impacts to biological resources. While compliance with the Proposed General Plan policies and mitigation measures would reduce potential impacts on biological resources, it is uncertain if all impacts can be reduced to less than significant. Therefore, the proposed project’s contribution to biological impacts is conservatively considered cumulatively considerable.

5.4.6 Level of Significance Before Mitigation
Upon implementation of regulatory requirements and standard conditions of approval, some impacts would be less than significant: Impact 5.4-4.

Without mitigation, these impacts would be potentially significant:
 Impact 5.4-1 Impacts to sensitive or special-status plant and animal species could occur as a result of the proposed project.
 Impact 5.4-2 Impacts to sensitive natural communities, including riparian habitat, and wetlands and jurisdictional water could occur as a result of the proposed project.  Impact 5.4-3 The proposed project could impact wildlife movement in and around the City.

5.4.7 Mitigation Measures
Impact 5.4-1
BIO-1 If an action may adversely impact biological resources, a qualified biologist or their trained designee shall conduct mandatory worker environmental awareness training for all parties involved with implementation of the action (e.g., contractors and work crews), prior to the start of construction, to aid the parties in recognizing special-status species and other sensitive biological resources that may occur within the area of the proposed action. The training shall include identification of the special-status species with potential to occur and their habitats, a description of the regulatory status of sensitive resources, and review of the impact limits, location of environmentally sensitive areas, and measures required to reduce impacts to avoided onsite and offsite biological resources.

BIO-2 If an action has potential to inadvertently impact avoided onsite or offsite biological resources, appropriate measures shall be developed and implemented prior to the start of ground disturbing activities to ensure all impacts occur only in the area of the proposed action.

Appropriate measures may include control of sediment, erosion, and hazardous materials; demarcation of action area prior to implementation and maintenance of demarcation through the duration of implementation; and measures to ensure all actions that have potential to impact biological resources stay within the demarcated limits. 331

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BIO-3 If an action has potential to adversely impact amphibian species (e.g., may impact potential habitat for amphibians or may otherwise result in disturbance to amphibians from noise, light, or some other potentially disturbing activity), prior to the start of ground-disturbing activities, determine if a project falls within the mapped survey area for amphibian species (arroyo toad, California red-legged frog, and mountain yellow-legged frog [Rana muscosa]) and if suitable habitat is present, then focused surveys shall be required prior to ground-disturbing activities and the results shall be included in the habitat assessment. Focused surveys shall be conducted in accordance with accepted survey protocols for the arroyo toad, California red-legged frog, and mountain yellow-legged frog (USFWS Survey Protocol for the Arroyo Toad [1999], USFWS Revised Guidance on Site Assessments and Field Surveys for the California RedLegged Frog [2005], and MSHCP Mountain Yellow-Legged Frog Survey Protocol). If a project is not located within an amphibian survey area, a statement to this effect shall be included in the and the results shall be included in the habitat assessment and no further action is required. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for amphibian species to occur within a project site, a conclusion that no suitable habitat is present on the site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be provided to the project applicant and the City of Wildomar Community Development Department. If conditions or circumstances change after the environmental analysis is conducted and prior to ground-disturbing activities associated with the action, then the validity of the results shall be confirmed, or an updated environmental analysis shall be conducted prior to impacting a project site.

If amphibian species are identified within a project site and a project cannot avoid (permanent or temporary) at least 90 percent of the occupied portion of the property that contributes to the long-term conservation value of the species, a DBESP shall be required. A justification by a qualified biologist regarding how the 90 percent and 10 percent determinations were made is required and shall be included in the DBESP. Refer to Figure 5.4-8, Flow Chart to Guide SpecialStatus Wildlife (Amphibians) Recommendations.

BIO-4 If an action has potential to adversely impact the burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) (e.g., may impact potential habitat or may otherwise result in disturbance to burrowing owls from noise, light, or some other potentially disturbing activity), prior to the start of ground-disturbing activities, determine if a project falls within the mapped (designated) survey area for the burrowing owl and if suitable habitat is present, then focused surveys shall be required prior to ground-disturbing activities and the results shall be included in the habitat assessment.

Focused surveys shall be conducted in accordance with the MSHCP Burrowing Owl Survey Instructions and during the breeding season (survey window is March 1-August 31). If a project is not located within the burrowing owl survey area, include a statement to this effect and no further action is required. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for burrowing owls to occur within a project site, a conclusion that no suitable habitat is present on the site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be provided to the project applicant 332

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and the City of Wildomar Community Development Department. If conditions or circumstances change after the environmental analysis is conducted and prior to grounddisturbing activities associated with the action, then the validity of the results shall be confirmed, or an updated environmental analysis shall be conducted prior to impacting a project site.

If burrowing owls are not found during focused surveys, documentation prepared by a qualified biologist shall include a written commitment to conduct pre-construction surveys for the burrowing owl in areas of suitable habitat no more than 30 days prior to the initiation of ground disturbance (e.g., vegetation clearing, clearing and grubbing, tree removal, site watering, equipment staging, grading, etc.) to ensure that no owls have colonized the site in the days or weeks preceding the ground-disturbing activities. If burrowing owls have colonized a project site prior to the initiation of ground-disturbing activities, the project proponent shall immediately inform the Regional Conservation Authority (RCA) and the Wildlife Agencies, such as the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and will need to coordinate further with RCA and the Wildlife Agencies, including the possibility of preparing and getting approval of a Burrowing Owl Protection and Relocation Plan, prior to initiating ground disturbance. If ground-disturbing activities occur, but the site is left undisturbed for more than 30 days, a pre-construction survey will be required again to ensure burrowing owl has not colonized the site since it was last disturbed. If the burrowing owl is found, the same coordination described above shall be necessary.

If burrowing owls are identified within a project site and a project cannot avoid (permanent or temporary) at least 90 percent of the occupied portion of the property that contributes to the long-term conservation value of the species, a DBESP is required and a Burrowing Owl Protection and Relocation Plan shall be prepared, approved and implemented. A justification by a qualified biologist regarding how the 90 percent and 10 percent determinations were made is required and shall be included in the DBESP. Refer to Figure 5.4-9, Flow Chart to Guide Burrowing Owl Recommendations.

BIO-5 If an action has potential to adversely impact mammal species (e.g., may impact potential habitat for mammals or may otherwise result in disturbance to mammals from noise, light, or some other potentially disturbing activity), prior to the start of ground-disturbing activities, determine if a project falls within the mapped survey area for mammal species (Aguanga kangaroo rat [Dipodomys merriami collinus], Los Angeles pocket mouse [Perognathus longimembris brevinasus], and San Bernardino kangaroo rat) and if suitable habitat is present, then focused surveys shall be required prior to ground-disturbing activities and the results shall be included in the habitat assessment. Focused surveys shall be conducted in accordance with accepted survey protocols for these species (MSHCP Biological Monitoring Program – Stephens’ Kangaroo Rat [2006] and Survey Protocol for Los Angeles Pocket Mouse). If a project is not located within a mammal survey area, include a statement to this effect and no further action is required. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for mammal species to occur within a project site, a conclusion 333

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that no suitable habitat is present on a site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be provided to the project applicant and the City of Wildomar Community Development Department. If conditions or circumstances change after the environmental analysis is conducted and prior to ground-disturbing activities associated with the action, then the validity of the results shall be confirmed, or an updated environmental analysis shall be conducted prior to impacting a project site.

If mammal species are identified within a project site and a project cannot avoid (permanent or temporary) at least 90 percent of the occupied portion of the property that contributes to the long-term conservation value of the species, a DBESP is required. A justification by a qualified biologist regarding how the 90 percent and 10 percent determinations were made is required and shall be included in the DBESP.

BIO-6 If an action has potential to adversely impact vernal pools or other suitable fairy shrimp habitats, then focused surveys shall be required prior to ground-disturbing activities and the results shall be included in the habitat assessment. Focused surveys shall be conducted pursuant to the USFWS Survey Guidelines for the Listed Large Branchiopods, which includes six listed fairy shrimp species, including those species covered under the MSHCP Section 6.1.2.

Two seasons of fairy shrimp surveys are required. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for vernal pools or fairy shrimp species to occur within a project site, a conclusion that no suitable habitat is present on the site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be provided to the project applicant and the City of Wildomar Community Development Department. If conditions or circumstances change after the environmental analysis is conducted and prior ground-disturbing activities associated with the action, then the validity of the results shall be confirmed, or an updated environmental analysis shall be conducted prior to impacting a project site.

If fairy shrimp species are identified within a project site and a project cannot avoid (permanent or temporary) at least 90 percent of the occupied portion of the property that contributes to the long-term conservation value of the species, a DBESP is required. A justification by a qualified biologist regarding how the 90 percent and 10 percent determinations were made is required and shall be included in the DBESP. Refer to Figure

5.4-10, Flow Chart to Guide Vernal Pools and Fairy Shrimp Recommendations.

BIO-7 If an action has potential to adversely impact riparian bird species (least Bell’s vireo, southwestern willow flycatcher, or yellow-billed cuckoo [Coccyzus americanus]), and if suitable habitat (nesting and/or foraging) is present, then protocol-level focused surveys shall be required. Focused surveys shall be conducted in accordance with accepted USFWS survey protocols for the least Bell’s vireo, southwestern willow flycatcher, and yellow-billed cuckoo (Least Bell’s Vireo Survey Guidelines [2001], A Natural History Summary and Survey Protocol for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher [2010], and A Natural History Summary and Survey Protocol for the Western Distinct Population Segment of the Yellow-Billed Cuckoo [2016]). 334

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If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for riparian bird species to occur within a project site, a conclusion that no suitable habitat is present on the site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be provided to the project applicant and City of Wildomar Community Development Department. If conditions or circumstances change after the environmental analysis is conducted and prior to ground-disturbing activities associated with the action, then the validity of the results shall be confirmed, or an updated environmental analysis shall be conducted prior to impacting a project site.

If least Bell’s vireo, southwestern willow flycatcher, or yellow-billed cuckoo are identified within a project site and a project cannot demonstrate 90 percent avoidance of the occupied portion of the property that contributes to the long-term conservation value of the species, a DBESP is required. This includes 100 meters of undeveloped landscape on a property adjacent to the habitat conserved. A justification by a qualified biologist regarding how the 90 percent and 10 percent determinations were made is required and shall be included in the DBESP. Refer to Figure 5.4-11, Flow Chart to Guide Riparian Bird Species Recommendations.

BIO-8 If an action has the potential to impact coastal California gnatcatcher, a habitat assessment shall be prepared by a qualified biologist to determine if suitable habitat is present in the area of the proposed action. If suitable habitat is present (i.e., coastal sage scrub, Riversidean sage scrub) and an action has potential to adversely impact the coastal California gnatcatcher, avoid clearing, grubbing, grading, and associated construction actions in gnatcatcher occupied habitat within the Criteria Cells and/or PQP lands between March 1 and August 15. If this species is detected and a project may be potentially occupied and the habitat cannot be avoided, this habitat cannot be removed from March 1 to August 15 without conducting focused protocol-level surveys to prove absence. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there is no potential habitat for coastal California gnatcatcher to occur within a project site, a conclusion that no suitable habitat is present on the site supported with solid evidence and no other measures are recommended shall be provided to the project applicant and the City of Wildomar Community Development Department. Refer to Figure 5.4-12, Flow Chart to Coastal Gnatcatcher Recommendations.

BIO-9 If an action that may adversely impact birds or nests (e.g., ground or vegetation disturbance, noise near nesting habitat) and is expected is to occur during the nesting season (generally February 1 through September 15), a pre-construction nesting-bird survey shall be conducted for all suitable nesting habitat within three days prior to ground-disturbing activities associated with the action. The survey shall be conducted by a qualified biologist within a project site plus a buffer for the project as determined by the qualified biologist (based on the action and what bird species may be impacted). If no nesting birds are observed during the survey, site preparation and construction activities may begin. If nesting birds (including nesting raptors) are found to be present, avoidance or minimization measures shall be undertaken to avoid potential project-related impacts. Measures may include seasonal work restrictions or establishment of a non-disturbance buffer around each active nest until nesting has been 335

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completed as determined through periodic nest monitoring by the biologist. The size of the non-disturbance buffer shall be determined by the project biologist. Once nesting is deemed complete by the project biologist, work may resume within the buffer. Refer to Figure 5.4-13, Flow Chart to Guide Special-Status Wildlife (Including Protected Birds/Nests) Recommendations.

Impact 5.4-2
See Mitigation Measures BIO-1 and BIO-2.

BIO-10 If an action may impact sensitive natural vegetation communities, an environmental analysis to determine if there is potential for sensitive natural communities or other protected vegetation communities shall be conducted by a qualified biologist. If it is determined that in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there are no sensitive natural communities or other protected vegetation communities within a project site, no other measures are recommended. If sensitive natural communities (riparian habitat, riverine areas, vernal pools) are identified within the impact area (permanent and temporary, direct and indirect), appropriate measures to avoid, minimize, or mitigate for impacts to sensitive natural communities shall be implemented. If riparian/riverine resources and vernal pools are proposed for avoidance, the habitat assessment shall include a commitment to place a conservation easement or deed restriction over the area in order to demonstrate that the area will be protected in perpetuity. If a project cannot avoid riparian/riverine habitat and/or vernal pools in perpetuity (both permanent and temporarily), a DBESP shall be required that would propose mitigation that demonstrates equivalent or superior function and value, and shall be submitted to the City of Wildomar Community Development Department and applicable Wildlife Agencies. Refer to Figure 5.4-15, Flow Chart to Guide Riparian Habitat/Riverine Areas and Vernal Pools.

BIO-11 If an action will impact riparian habitat as determined by a qualified biologist, a Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement, pursuant to Section 1602 of the California Department of Fish and Game Code shall be obtained prior to the start of ground disturbing activities.

Minimization measures will be developed during consultation with CDFW as part of the Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreement process to ensure protections for affected fish and wildlife resources.

BIO-12 If an action has the potential to impact aquatic resources, an environmental analysis (i.e., a preliminary aquatic resources delineation) shall be conducted to determine if potentially regulated aquatic resources occur within a project site. A qualified wetland delineator shall conduct the environmental analysis and it shall include review of the best available hydrological information, a reconnaissance-level site visit, and an evaluation of aquatic resources to determine the potential for regulated aquatic resources to occur within a project site. If it is determined in the habitat assessment prepared by a qualified biologist that there are no potentially regulated aquatic resources, no other measures are recommended and the habitat assessment shall be submitted to the City of Wildomar Community Development 336

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