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16. STAFFING: The Board shall provide for staffing of the Authority in accordance with procedures established in the bylaws. Such staffing shall ensure the Authority is able to accomplish all requirements imposed by SGMA, this Agreement, and/or any other requirements imposed by law. Legal counsel shall be appointed by the Board and shall serve at the pleasure of the Board. Legal counsel may be an attorney that also performs work for one of the Members, provided appropriate waivers suitable to the Board, and counsel for all of the Members, are first obtained.
17. DISPUTE RESOLUTION: The Members desire to informally resolve all disputes related to this Agreement and/or SGMA, whenever possible, at the lowest possible level, and triggering of the dispute resolution procedures described herein shall only occur where the Members and/or the Board have reached impasse and are unable to resolve matters without invoking formal dispute resolution procedures. Should informal resolution of any dispute prove unsuccessful, the Parties agree to neutral facilitation/mediation of the dispute as a next step prior to filing a lawsuit or otherwise seeking judicial intervention. The appointed facilitator/mediator, who need not be a licensed attorney, shall be a person who is not a current or former employee or agent of any Member, and someone who has knowledge of the rules governing public agencies, and who has experience with the management of groundwater resources in Southern California.
The facilitator shall be compensated by the Authority.
The facilitator shall be a third party neutral assigned by the Center for Collaborative Policy (“CCP”) of Sacramento State University, or such other neutral as is unanimously decided upon by the Members involved in the dispute. In the event that the Members involved in the dispute are unable to agree upon the facilitator or mediator, then each Member involved in the dispute shall provide the name of one recommended facilitator or mediator to the Authority’s legal counsel.
The facilitator/mediator shall then be selected by the Authority’s legal counsel, based upon whichever recommended facilitator/mediator is the most qualified facilitator/mediator for the type of dispute involved. The selected facilitator/mediator shall diligently seek to achieve a consensus based solution to the dispute. Upon the request of one of the Members involved in the dispute, the facilitator shall render a recommended resolution of the dispute after five facilitated negotiation sessions between the Members involved in the dispute where an acceptable resolution has not yet been reached. The facilitator/mediator’s recommended resolution shall not be admissible in any judicial proceedings. Where facilitation/mediation as described herein is unable to successfully resolve the dispute, then a Member involved in the dispute, upon providing 60 days-notice to the other Members and the Authority, may initiate judicial proceedings in the Superior Court for Riverside County.
This Section shall not bar a Member or Member(s) from initiating legal action in another appropriate forum with jurisdiction over the matter as necessary to comply with an applicable statute of limitation, provided such legal action, where authorized, is stayed pending completion of the dispute resolution process described herein. Members involved in a dispute governed by this Section are encouraged to enter a tolling agreement, if legally authorized, in order to allow sufficient time for completion of the process required by this Section.
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18. WITHDRAWAL:
a. Notice to Members: Any Member may withdraw from the Authority by delivery of written notice to withdraw to each of the Members at least two years prior to the date of withdrawal (“Withdrawal Notice Period”), unless the Members unanimously agree to allow the withdrawing Member to withdraw sooner than two years, in which case the date of withdrawal shall be the date unanimously agreed upon by the Board. The withdrawing Member shall continue to be a full Member during the pendency of the Withdrawal Notice Period and shall retain all rights and obligations during such period unless otherwise agreed to by unanimous vote of the Board. b. Effect of Withdrawal: Should a Member choose to withdraw from the Authority in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, that Member retains any legal right it has under SGMA to serve as the GSA for the groundwater basin underlying its jurisdictional boundaries, provided such withdrawal will not cause the Authority (or its remaining Members) to default on financial obligations or to otherwise fail to comply with the legal obligations imposed by SGMA. The Authority and the non-withdrawing Members shall retain whatever legal rights they have under SGMA, and the withdrawal of the Member shall have no effect on the continuance of this Agreement among the remaining Members. The withdrawing Member shall not take any action after withdrawal that would be reasonably anticipated to frustrate the ability of the Authority to comply with SGMA. After providing written notice of withdrawal, the withdrawing Member shall act at all times in good faith in the best interests of the Authority until such time as the withdrawal process is complete.
c. Continuing Fiscal Obligations: Any Member that withdraws as provided herein shall remain proportionately liable during the Withdrawal Notice Period for its proportionate share of the budget. If the Members elect to incur extraordinary costs in accordance with Section 15, the withdrawing Member shall be proportionately liable during the Withdrawal Notice Period for the obligations or debts approved and incurred by the Authority for those extraordinary costs, unless the Members agree otherwise. Any Member that withdraws shall remain proportionately liable for any unfunded capital expenditures or debt service obligations incurred or approved by the Board prior to the date of written notice of withdrawal of such Member until such time as the obligation is fully satisfied.
d. Continuing Claims Obligations: Members will remain obligated to contribute their proportionate share (based upon the membership roll as of the date of the claim), including without limitation legal defense costs, for any occurrences incurred during the Member’s membership, but not presented as a claim against the Authority until after the Member’s withdrawal.
e. Divisions of Property Assets: The real and/or personal property assets contributed by the withdrawing Member or the value of the real and/or personal property assets at the date of withdrawal will be returned to the withdrawing Member to the extent such assets are not required for the Authority to meet its continuing obligations as a GSA under SGMA. If such real and/or personal property assets are needed to meet the continuing obligations of the Authority to comply with SGMA, then the remaining Members of the Authority and the withdrawing Member shall negotiate a purchase or lease of such assets for a price not to exceed the fair market value of those assets.
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19. TERM AND TERMINATION: This Agreement shall become effective, and the Authority shall come into existence, on the Effective Date. The Agreement, and the Authority, shall thereafter continue in full force and effect until the governing bodies of the Members unanimously elect to terminate the Agreement. Upon unanimous election to terminate this Agreement, the Board shall continue to act as a board to wind up and settle the affairs of the Authority. The Board shall adequately provide for the known debts, liabilities and obligations of the Authority, and shall then distribute the assets of the Authority among the Members, as follows:
a. The assets contributed by each Member, or the value thereof as of the date of termination, shall be distributed to that Member.
b. The remaining assets shall then be distributed to each Member in equal proportions.
The distribution of assets shall be made in-kind to the extent possible by returning to each Member those assets contributed by such parties to the Authority; however, no party shall be required to accept transfer of an asset in kind.
Notwithstanding any other provision by the Board for payment of all known debts, liabilities and obligations of the Authority, each Member shall remain liable for any and all such debts, liabilities, and obligations in equal proportions, or in the proportion specified by unanimous action of the Board if alternative proportions are so specified for particular actions or activities that give rise to such debts, liabilities, and obligations.
Termination of this Agreement shall not occur, and the Members shall continue to fund the operations of the Authority as a GSA for the Sub-Basin, until the Authority determines by a unanimous vote of the Board that: (a) a GSA is no longer required for the Sub-Basin; or (b) one or more of the individual Members will undertake the legal obligations of a GSA previously performed by the Authority, and such termination of the Authority will not result in the Sub-Basin being placed in a probationary status by the SWRCB.
20. INDEMNIFICATION/CONTRIBUTION: Members, directors, officers, agents and employees of the Authority shall use ordinary care and reasonable diligence in the exercise of their powers, and in the performance of their duties pursuant to this Agreement. The Authority shall hold harmless, defend and indemnify the Members, the Authority Board, and the Members’ directors, agents, officers and employees from and against any liability, claims, actions, costs, damages or losses of any kind, including death or injury to any person and/or damage to property (including property owned by any Member), arising out of the activities or omissions of the Authority, or its agents, officers and employees related to this Agreement or SGMA (“Claims”). a. To the extent authorized by California law, no Member shall be liable for the actions or omissions of any other Member or the Authority related to this Agreement. b. The indemnification obligations described herein shall continue beyond the term of this Agreement as to any acts or omissions occurring during this Agreement or any extension of this Agreement.
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c. To the extent that the Authority is unable or unwilling (because of comparative fault of Member(s), or other good faith legal basis) to hold harmless, defend and/or indemnify any Member to this Agreement as provided in this Section, such Member shall be entitled to contribution from the other Members in equal proportion to the extent one Member pays more than its equal share of such obligation. Provided, however, that where one or more Members is determined by a court (or in a settlement approved by a court) to be responsible for a greater proportion for the Claims, each Member will only be responsible for contribution to the other Member (or Members) up to the extent of the contributing Member’s proportional responsibility.
21. INSURANCE: The Authority shall obtain insurance for the Board members and general liability insurance containing liability in such amounts as the Board shall determine will be necessary to adequately insure against the risks of liability (including compliance with the indemnification provisions in Section 20 above) that may be incurred by the Authority. The Members, their officers, directors and employees, shall be named as additional insureds.
22. CLAIMS: All claims against the Authority, including, but not limited to, claims by public officers and employees for fees, salaries, wages, mileage, or any other expenses, shall be filed within the time and in the manner specified in Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 910) of Part 3, Division 3.6 of Title I of the Government Code, which describes the appropriate content of a claim.
23. ENTIRE AGREEMENT REPRESENTED: This Agreement represents the entire agreement among the parties as to its subject matter and no prior oral or written understanding shall be of any force or effect. No part of this Agreement may be modified without the written consent of all of the parties.
24. HEADINGS: Section headings are provided for organizational purposes only and do not in any manner affect the scope, meaning or intent of the provisions under the headings.
25. NOTICES: Except as may be otherwise required by law, any notice to be given shall be written and shall be either personally delivered sent by facsimile transmission, emailed or sent by first class mail, postage prepaid and addressed as follows:
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MEMBERS:
City of Corona
Attn: General Manager,
Department of Water and Power
Address: 755 Public Safety Way
Corona, CA 92880
Elsinore Valley Municipal Water District
Attn: General Manager
Address: 31315 Chaney Street
Lake Elsinore, CA 92530
Temescal Valley Water District
Attn: General Manager
Address: 22646 Temescal Canyon Rd
Corona, CA 92883
Notice delivered personally is deemed to be received upon delivery. Notice sent by first class mail shall be deemed received on the fourth day after the date of mailing. Any party may change the above address by giving written notice pursuant to this Section.
26. CONSTRUCTION: This Agreement reflects the contributions of all parties and accordingly the provisions of Civil Code § 1654 shall not apply to address and interpret any uncertainty.
27. NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES INTENDED: Unless specifically set forth, the parties to this Agreement do not intend to provide any other party with any benefit or enforceable legal or equitable right or remedy.
28. WAIVERS: The failure of any party to insist on strict compliance with any provision of this Agreement shall not be considered a waiver of any right to do so, whether for that breach or any subsequent breach.
29. CONFLICT WITH LAWS OR REGULATIONS/SEVERABILITY: This Agreement is subject to all applicable laws and regulations. If any provision of this Agreement is found by any court or other legal authority, or is agreed by the parties, to be in conflict with any code or regulation governing its subject, the conflicting provision shall be considered null and void. If the effect of nullifying any conflicting provision is such that a material benefit of the Agreement to any party is lost, the Agreement may be terminated at the option of the affected party. In all other cases the remainder of the Agreement shall continue in full force and effect.
30. FURTHER ASSURANCES AND OBLIGATION OF GOOD FAITH
DEALING: Each party agrees to execute any additional documents and to perform any further acts which may be reasonably required to affect the purposes of this Agreement. Moreover,
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consent or approval, where reasonably requested in furtherance of the purposes of this Agreement or compliance with SGMA, shall not be unreasonably withheld by a Member.
31. COUNTERPARTS: This Agreement may be signed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
32. AMENDMENT: This document may only be amended with a vote by all of its Members.
33. CUA ASSIGNMENT: To the extent that this Agreement is deemed to be a “material contract” under either of the CUA Management Agreements, the Members have no right to terminate this Agreement, either or without cause, based upon the existence or non-existence of either or both of the CUA Management Agreements. Therefore, if an applicable CUA Management Agreement expires or terminates for any reason, the Members shall remain fully obligated to perform under this Agreement contracting directly with the CUA or another third party contracted by the CUA for the maintenance, management and operation of the applicable utility systems.
Appendices
City of Corona
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix L – Tiered Rate Structure
CA\JR\06100.00100\10229353.4
ORDINANCE NO. 3309
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY
OF CORONA, CALIFORNIA, MODIFYING THE BUDGET
BASED WATER STRUCTURE AND ESTABLISHING
RATES FOR POTABLE AND RECLAIMED WATER
SERVICE FEES AND CHARGES AND TEMPORARY
REVENUE STABILITY CHARGES
WHEREAS, the City of Corona (the “City”), through its Department of Water and Power (“DWP”), is charged with providing a continuous and adequate supply of safe and potable water and with developing and encouraging the use of reclaimed or recycled water to supplement existing potable water supplies, which services are funded primarily by the revenue derived from potable and reclaimed water service fees; and WHEREAS, Chapters 13.14 and 13.28 of the Corona Municipal Code (“CMC”) require that the City Council establish the rates for providing potable and reclaimed water services; and
WHEREAS, DWP engaged the services of Raftelis Financial Consultants, Inc. (“Raftelis”) to perform an independent rate study to evaluate the infrastructure needs, programs and operations and maintenance costs of the City’s potable and reclaimed water systems and the rates necessary to recover the costs of providing for those services for the next five years; and WHEREAS, based upon the analysis in the rate study, it has been determined that increases in the rates for the City’s potable and reclaimed water service charges are necessary to enable the City to recover current and projected costs of operations and maintenance and capital infrastructure improvements needed to repair and update the City’s aging water and reclaimed water systems, maintain the operational and financial stability of the utility, comply with State mandated regulatory requirements, meet and comply with annual debt service requirements, avoid operational deficits and further depletion of reserves, and provide an equitable allocation of the costs of providing service among the various customer classes; and WHEREAS, Raftelis studied the impact that the multi-year statewide drought has had on water revenues and the consequential reduction in water use and developed rates for Temporary Revenue Stability Charges to ensure that there are stable revenues to fund utility
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obligations going forward in the event that water use decreases during the current or future water shortages that may occur; and
WHEREAS, the proposed increases to the rates for the potable and reclaimed water service charges and the new Temporary Revenue Stability Charges (“TRSC”) will allow the DWP to continue to provide safe, reliable drinking water to its customers; and WHEREAS, DWP has experienced and anticipates additional inflationary increases to the costs to operate and maintain the City’s potable water and reclaimed water systems (the “Systems”) and to provide ongoing repairs, replacements, and upgrades to the Systems; and
WHEREAS, without the proposed rate increases and TRSC DWP would experience budget shortfalls for each year of the five-year forecast performed by Raftelis in the rate study; and
WHEREAS, California Constitution Article X, Section 2 and California Water Code Section 100 provide that because of conditions prevailing in the State of California, it is the declared policy of the State that the general welfare requires that the water resources of the State shall be put to beneficial use to the fullest extent of which they are capable, the waste or unreasonable use of water shall be prevented, and the conservation of such waters is to be exercised with a view to the reasonable and beneficial use thereof in the interest of the people and the public welfare; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to California Water Code Section 106, it is the declared policy of the State that the use of water for domestic use is the highest use of water and that the next highest use is for irrigation; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Ordinance No. 3025, the City Council previously adopted a Budget Based Water Rate Structure to implement a system of tiered water rates and charges based upon customer water budgets intended to (i) promote efficient water use and resource conservation; and (ii) proportionately allocate the cost of providing water service; and WHEREAS, water budgets for residential customers, which have five tiers and includes a budget for indoor and outdoor use, are determined on the basis of individual household factors, such as the number of people per household, the size of the irrigated
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landscaped area, the amount of water a typical household requires each month for indoor and outdoor use, actual daily water lost to the atmosphere by plants (evapotranspiration) and an evapotranspiration area factor (“ETAF”); and
WHEREAS, water budgets for commercial, industrial, institutional and governmental customers with non-dedicated irrigation meters are determined on the basis of each customer’s average water use during the last three years and water budgets for commercial, industrial, institutional and governmental customers with dedicated irrigation meters are determined in the same manner as residential customers; and WHEREAS, the rate structure for the City’s monthly water service fees include the following components: (1) a Ready-to-Serve Charge imposed on residential, non-residential and reclaimed water customers that is based on the size of the water meter serving the property; (2) a variable potable water Commodity Charge that is determined on the basis of the number of units of water delivered to the property; and (3) a reclaimed water Commodity Charge that is determined on the basis of the number of units of reclaimed water delivered to the property. The rate increases adopted by this Ordinance would impact both the Ready-to-Serve Charge and the Commodity Charge components of the water service fees and the reclaimed water fees; and WHEREAS, the rate structure for the fire protection customers, which includes customers who are required as a condition of extending or initiating water service to install a private fire suppression system on their property and customers who have requested the delivery of water to the property for the purpose of fire service protection, is comprised of two components: (1) a variable fire protection Commodity Charge that is determined on the basis of the number of units of water delivered to a fire protection customer through the City’s potable water system; and (2) a fixed Fireline Charge that is determined on the basis of the size of the fireline (in inches) through which water is delivered; and WHEREAS, based upon the rate study prepared by Raftelis, it has been determined that the water budget tiers should be modified: (1) to reduce the efficient indoor water use standard from 60 gallons per person per day to 55 gallons per person per day to reflect the State’s water use efficiency goals; (2) to reduce the ETAF from 114% to 80% to reflect the water needs of the specific type of plant mixes and irrigation efficiency as established in recently
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revised State water efficient landscape and irrigation guidelines; and (3) to revise the tier definitions as follows: inefficient use revised to 1%-50% over water budget (increased from 1%- 20%), excessive use revised to 51%-100% over water budget (increased from 21%-40%), and wasteful use revised to greater than 100% over water budget (increased from 40%); and WHEREAS, the rates adopted by this Ordinance have been calculated to meet the cost to the City of providing the services for which the rates and fees are imposed, without generating revenue that exceeds the funds required to provide the services, and without exceeding the proportional cost of service attributable to each customer; and WHEREAS, the revenues derived from the rates adopted by this Ordinance will not exceed the funds required to provide the services for which the rates and charges are imposed and shall be used exclusively for maintenance and operation of the Systems and the provision of potable water and reclaimed water services; and
WHEREAS, the rates adopted by this Ordinance will not exceed the proportional cost of the services attributable to each parcel upon which they are imposed; and WHEREAS, the rates adopted by this Ordinance will not be imposed on a parcel unless the services for which the rates and fees are imposed are actually used by, or immediately available to, the owner of the parcel; and
WHEREAS, the City, as the lead agency under the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), in consultation with the City’s Legal Counsel, prepared a Preliminary Exemption Assessment for the adoption of this Ordinance in order to evaluate its potential impacts. The City determined that this Ordinance is exempt from CEQA review under Public Resources Code section 21080(b)(8) and State CEQA Guidelines section 15273 because the rates adopted by this Ordinance are necessary and reasonable to fund the administration, operation, maintenance, and improvements of the Systems and will not result in the expansion of the Systems; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to California Constitution article XIII D, section 6 (“Article XII D”) at least 45 days prior to the public hearing on the proposed increase in the potable water service fees or the reclaimed water service fees, the City provided written notice (the “Notice”) by mail to the record owner of each parcel upon which the rates and charges are
CA\JR\06100.00100\10229353.4
proposed for imposition and any tenant directly liable for payment of the rates and charges, which Notice included the following information: (1) the amount of the rates and charges proposed to be imposed on each parcel; (2) the basis upon which the rates and charges were calculated; (3) the reason for the rates and charges; and (4) the date, time and location of a public hearing on the proposed rates and charges; and
WHEREAS, on December 4, 2019, the City Council held a duly noticed public hearing at which all persons wishing to testify in connection with the proposed increase in the potable water service fees and the reclaimed water service fees were heard and all protests against the proposed rates and fees were considered; and WHEREAS, at the close of the hearing, the City Council determined that the City did not receive written protests against the establishment and imposition of the proposed rate increases for the potable water service fees or the reclaimed water service fees from a majority of the affected property owners or tenants directly liable for the payment of such fees.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
CORONA, CALIFORNIA, DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The City Council finds and determines that the foregoing Recitals are true and correct and incorporates the Recitals herein.
SECTION 2. As the decision-making body for the City, the City Council has reviewed and considered the information contained in the Preliminary Exemption Assessment and administrative record. The City Council finds that the Preliminary Exemption Assessment contains a complete and accurate reporting of the environmental impacts associated with the adoption of this Ordinance and reflects the independent judgment of the City Council.
SECTION 3. The City Council hereby finds that the administration, operation, maintenance, and improvements of the Systems, which are to be funded by the potable water service fees and the reclaimed water service fees set forth herein, are necessary to maintain service within the City’s existing service area. The City Council further finds that the administration, operation, maintenance, and improvements of the Systems, to be funded by the potable water service fees and the reclaimed water service fees set forth herein, will not expand the Systems. The City Council further finds that such potable water service fees and reclaimed
CA\JR\06100.00100\10229353.4
water service fees are necessary and reasonable to fund the administration, operation, maintenance, and improvements of the Systems. Based on these findings, the City Council hereby determines that this Ordinance is exempt from the requirements of CEQA pursuant to California Public Resources Code section 21080(b)(8) and State CEQA Guidelines section 15273(a).
SECTION 4. The documents and materials that constitute the record of proceedings on which these findings have been based are located at City of Corona, 400 S.
Vicentia Avenue, Corona, California 92882. The custodian for these records is the City Clerk of the City.
SECTION 5. The City Council hereby authorizes and establishes, by not less than a two-thirds (2/3) vote, the rates and charges for the City’s potable water service fees, including, without limitation, the fees imposed upon fire protection customers, the City’s reclaimed water service fees, and the rates and charges for the TRSC, as set forth in Exhibit “A,” attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference, which rates and charges will be effective on February 16, 2020, with scheduled annual rate increases effective on January 1, 2021, January 1, 2022, January 1, 2023 and January 1, 2024. The City Council further authorizes and approves the modifications to the Budget Based Water Rate Structure adopted pursuant to Ordinance No. 3025 as set forth in Exhibit “A”. Such rates and charges and modifications to the Budget Based Water Rate Structure shall be in effect beginning February 16, 2020.
SECTION 6. The City Council hereby authorizes and directs the DWP General Manager to implement and take all actions necessary to effectuate the rates adopted by this Ordinance and to file a Notice of Exemption with the County Clerk for Riverside County within five (5) working days of the date of the adoption of this Ordinance.
SECTION 7. If any section, subsection, subdivision, sentence, clause, or phrase in this Ordinance or any part thereof is for any reason held to be unconstitutional or invalid, ineffective by any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity or effectiveness of the remaining portions of this Ordinance or any part thereof. The City Council hereby declares that it would have adopted each section irrespective of the fact that any one or
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more subsections, subdivisions, sentences, clauses, or phrases be declared unconstitutional, invalid, or ineffective.
SECTION 8. This Ordinance shall supersede all other previous City Council resolutions and ordinances that may conflict with, or be contrary to, this Ordinance.
SECTION 9. In accordance with California Government Code section 36933(a), within fifteen days after its passage the City Clerk shall cause this Ordinance to be published at least once, with the names of those City Council members voting for or against it, in a newspaper of general circulation published and circulated within the City. If there is no such newspaper, the City Clerk shall cause the Ordinance to be posted in at least three public places in the City or published in a newspaper of general circulation printed and published in the county and circulated in the City.
SECTION 10. This Ordinance shall become effective thirty (30) days from and after its final passage.
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 15th day of January, 2020. _________________________________
Mayor of the City of Corona, California
ATTEST:
____________________________________
City Clerk of the City of Corona, California
CA\JR\06100.00100\10229353.4
CERTIFICATION
I, Sylvia Edwards, City Clerk of the City of Corona, California, do hereby certify that the foregoing Ordinance was regularly introduced at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Corona, California, duly held the 4th day of December, 2019 and thereafter adopted at a regular meeting thereof held on the 15th day of January, 2020, by the following vote:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSTAINED:
ABSENT:
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the official seal of the City of Corona, California, this 15th day of January, 2020. ___________________________________
City Clerk of the City of Corona, California
(SEAL)
CA\JR\06100.00100\10229353.4
EXHIBIT “A”
RATES AND CHARGES FOR POTABLE WATER SERVICE FEES
AND RECLAIMED WATER SERVICE FEES
Potable Water Budget Tier Modifications
Residential Customers
Potable and Reclaimed Water Budget Tier Modifications
Non-Residential and Reclaimed Water Customers
Water Budget Factors Current Proposed
Evapotranspiration Area Factor
(ETAF)
114% 80%
Inefficient Use Definition 1%-20% over water budget 1%-50% over water budget Excessive Use 21-40% over water budget 51-100% over water budget Wasteful Use Greater than 40% over water
budget
Greater than 100% over water
budget
Current and Proposed Rates for Potable Water Commodity Charges ($/CCF) Residential Customers
Tier Tier Width Definition Current Feb. 16,
2020
Jan. 1,
2021
Jan. 1,
2022
Jan. 1,
2023
Jan. 1,
2024
1 Water use up to efficient indoor water
budget
$2.10 $1.57 $1.65 $1.74 $1.83 $1.93
2 Water use up to efficient outdoor
water budget
$2.33 $2.26 $2.38 $2.50 $2.63 $2.77
3 Water use 1%-50% over water budget
(Indoor+Outdoor)
$3.17 $4.49 $4.72 $4.96 $5.21 $5.48
4 Water use 51%-100% over water
budget (Indoor+Outdoor)
$6.35 $7.48 $7.86 $8.26 $8.68 $9.12
5 Water use greater than 100% over
water budget (Indoor+Outdoor)
$11.64 $11.17 $11.73 $12.32 $12.94 $13.59
Water Budget Factors Current Proposed
Gallons per capita per day (GPCD) 60 55
Evapotranspiration Area Factor
(ETAF)
114% 80%
Inefficient Use Definition 1%-20% over water budget 1%-50% over water budget Excessive Use 21-40% over water budget 51-100% over water budget Wasteful Use Greater than 40% over water
budget
Greater than 100% over water
budget
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Current and Proposed Rates for Potable Water Commodity Charges ($/CCF) Non-Residential Customers
Tier Definition Current Feb. 16
2020
Jan. 1,
2021
Jan. 1,
2022
Jan. 1,
2023
Jan. 1,
2024
1 Water use up to efficient water
budget
$2.33 $2.26 $2.38 $2.50 $2.63 $2.77
2 Water use 1%-50% over water
budget
$3.17 $4.49 $4.72 $4.96 $5.21 $5.48
3 Water use 51%-100% over water
budget
$6.35 $7.48 $7.86 $8.26 $8.68 $9.12
4 Water use greater than 100% over
water budget
$11.64 $11.17 $11.73 $12.32 $12.94 $13.59
Current and Proposed Rates for Potable Water Commodity Charges ($/CCF) Non-Residential Customers with Dedicated Irrigation Meters Tier Definition Current Feb. 16,
2020
Jan. 1,
2021
Jan. 1,
2022
Jan. 1,
2023
Jan. 1,
2024
1 Water use up to efficient outdoor
water budget
$2.33 $2.26 $2.38 $2.50 $2.63 $2.77
2 Water use 1%-50% over water
budget (Indoor+Outdoor)
$3.17 $4.49 $4.72 $4.96 $5.21 $5.48
3 Water use 51%-100% over water
budget (Indoor+Outdoor)
$6.35 $7.48 $7.86 $8.26 $8.68 $9.12
4 Water use greater than 100% over
water budget (Indoor+Outdoor)
$11.64 $11.17 $11.73 $12.32 $12.94 $13.59
Current and Proposed Rates for Potable Water Monthly Ready-to-Serve Charges ($/Meter Size in Inches)
Residential and Non-Residential
Meter Size Current Feb. 16, 2020 Jan. 1, 2021 Jan. 1, 2022 Jan. 1, 2023 Jan. 1, 2024 5/8” $19.23 $22.28 $23.40 $24.57 $25.80 $27.09
3/4” $25.23 $29.98 $31.48 $33.06 $34.72 $36.46
1” $36.09 $45.38 $47.65 $50.04 $52.55 $55.18
1 1/2” $62.90 $83.88 $88.08 $92.49 $97.12 $101.98
2” $91.80 $130.08 $136.59 $143.42 $150.60 $158.13
3” $156.91 $276.38 $290.20 $304.71 $319.95 $335.95
4” $241.02 $491.98 $516.58 $542.41 $569.54 $598.02
6” $442.64 $1,238.88 $1,300.83 $1,365.88 $1,434.18 $1,505.89 8” $651.04 $2,162.88 $2,271.03 $2,384.59 $2,503.82 $2,629.02 10” $651.04 $3,240.88 $3,402.93 $3,573.08 $3,751.74 $3,939.33
CA\JR\06100.00100\10229353.4
Current and Proposed Rates for Fire Protection Commodity Charges ($/CCF) Fire Protection Customers
Current Feb. 16, 2020 Jan. 1, 2021 Jan. 1, 2022 Jan. 1, 2023 Jan. 1, 2024 $3.17 $5.40 $5.67 $5.96 $6.26 $6.58
Current and Proposed Rates for Reclaimed Water Commodity Charges ($/CCF) Reclaimed Water Customers
Tier Definition Current Feb. 16,
2020
Jan. 1,
2021
Jan. 1,
2022
Jan. 1,
2023
Jan. 1,
2024
1 Water use up to efficient water
budget $1.51 $1.65 $1.79 $1.94 $2.03 $2.14
2 Water use up to 1%-50% over water
budget $2.27 $2.47 $2.70 $2.91 $3.06 $3.21
3 Water use up to 51%-100% over
water budget $3.02 $3.29 $3.59 $3.88 $4.07 $4.27
4 Water use greater than 100% over
water budget $4.53 $4.94 $5.38 $5.81 $6.10 $6.41
Current and Proposed Rates for Reclaimed Water Monthly Ready-to-Serve Charges ($/Meter Size in Inches)
Reclaimed Water Customers
Meter Size Current Feb. 16 2020 Jan. 1, 2021 Jan. 1, 2022 Jan. 1, 2023 Jan. 1, 2024 5/8” $18.90 $18.12 $19.75 $21.33 $22.40 $23.52
3/4” $24.79 $23.74 $25.88 $27.95 $29.34 $30.81
1” $35.46 $34.97 $38.12 $41.17 $43.23 $45.39
1 1/2” $61.79 $63.06 $68.74 $74.23 $77.95 $81.84
2” $90.18 $96.77 $105.48 $113.92 $119.61 $125.59
3” $154.12 $203.51 $221.83 $239.57 $251.55 $264.13
4” $236.76 $360.81 $393.28 $424.75 $445.98 $468.28
6” $434.82 $905.74 $987.26 $1,066.24 $1,119.55 $1,175.53 8” $639.52 $1,579.89 $1,722.08 $1,859.85 $1,952.84 $2,050.48 10” $639.52 $2,366.39 $2,579.37 $2,785.71 $2,925.00 $3,071.25
CA\JR\06100.00100\10229353.4
Current and Proposed Rates for Monthly Fireline Charges ($/Fireline Size in Inches) Fire Protection Customers
Fireline
Size
Current Feb. 16,
2020
Jan. 1,
2021
Jan. 1,
2022
Jan. 1,
2023
Jan. 1,
2024
5/8” $16.25 $7.06 $7.42 $7.80 $8.19 $8.60
3/4” $16.25 $7.06 $7.42 $7.80 $8.19 $8.60
1” $16.25 $7.06 $7.42 $7.80 $8.19 $8.60
1 1/2” $16.25 $7.06 $7.42 $7.80 $8.19 $8.60
2” $16.25 $7.99 $8.40 $8.82 $9.27 $9.74
2 1/2” $21.50 $8.88 $9.33 $9.80 $10.29 $10.81
4” $42.75 $13.78 $14.47 $15.20 $15.96 $16.76
6” $78.25 $26.92 $28.27 $29.69 $31.18 $32.74
8” $115.25 $49.58 $52.06 $54.67 $57.41 $60.29
10” $152.00 $83.66 $87.85 $92.25 $96.87 $101.72
Proposed Rates for Temporary Revenue Stability Charges (TRSC) ($/CCF) Water Conservation Stages Water Reduction Target TRSC ($/CCF) Stage 1 0% N/A
Stage 2 10-15% N/A
Stage 3 16-20% $0.15
Stage 4 21-40% $0.45
Stage 5 >40% $0.84
Appendices
City of Corona
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix M – Ordinance 3005
Appendices
City of Corona
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix N – Ordinance 2962
ORDINANCE NO. 2962
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF CORONA,
CALIFORNIA, PRESCRIBING WATER CONSERVATION
RULES AND REGULATIONS, AMENDING CHAPTER
13.26 (WATER CONSERVATION) AND SECTION 1.08.021
OF THE CORONA MUNICIPAL CODE
WHEREAS, California Constitution article X, section 2 and California Water Code section 100 provide that because of conditions prevailing in the state of California (the “State”), it is the declared policy of the State that the general welfare requires that the water resources of the State shall be put to beneficial use to the fullest extent of which they are capable, the waste or unreasonable use of water shall be prevented, and the conservation of such waters is to be exercised with a view to the reasonable and beneficial use thereof in the interest of the people and the public welfare; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to California Water Code section 106, it is the declared policy of the State that the use of water for domestic use is the highest use of water and that the next highest use is for irrigation; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to California Water Code section 375, the City of Corona (the “City”) is authorized to adopt and enforce a water conservation program to reduce the quantity of water used by persons within its jurisdiction for the purpose of conserving the water supplies of the City; and
WHEREAS, on June 4, 2008, the Governor of the State proclaimed a condition of statewide drought and strongly encouraged local agencies to take aggressive, immediate action to reduce water consumption locally and regionally for the remainder of 2008 and prepare for potentially worsening conditions in 2009; and
WHEREAS, because of the prevailing conditions in the State, the current statewide drought, and the declared policy of the State, the City hereby finds and determines that it is necessary and appropriate for the City to adopt, implement, and enforce a water conservation program to reduce the quantity of water used by consumers within the City to ensure that there is sufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection; and WHEREAS, pursuant to California Water Code section 350 the City Council is authorized to declare a water shortage emergency to prevail within its jurisdiction when it finds and determines that the City will not be able to or cannot satisfy the ordinary demands and requirements of water consumers without depleting the water supply of the City to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection, and as more fully set forth in this chapter; and
2 WHEREAS, in the event the City determines that it is necessary to declare that a water shortage emergency exists, the City will be authorized pursuant to this chapter to implement certain drought response measures and a water conservation and regulatory program to regulate water consumption activities within the City and ensure that the water delivered in the City is put to beneficial use for the greatest public benefit, with particular regard to domestic use, including human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection, and that the waste or unreasonable use of water is prevented; and
WHEREAS, the City is authorized to prescribe and define by ordinance restrictions, prohibitions, and exclusions for the use of water during a threatened or existing water shortage and adopt and enforce a water conservation and regulatory program to: (i) prohibit the wastage of City water or the use of City water during such period; (ii) prohibit use of water during such periods for specific uses which the City may from time to time find nonessential; and (iii) reduce and restrict the quantity of water used by those persons within the City for the purpose of conserving the water supplies of the City; and WHEREAS, the City hereby finds and determines that pursuant to the provisions of title 13, chapter 13.26 of the City of Corona Municipal Code, as hereby amended, the City shall: (i) implement water conservation and drought response measures; (i) regulate the water consumption activities of persons within the City for the purposes of conserving and protecting the City’s water supplies, reducing the quantity of water consumed, and deterring and preventing the waste or unreasonable use or unreasonable method of use of valuable water resources; and (ii) establish and collect regulatory fees and impose fines and penalties as set forth herein to accomplish these purposes and recover the costs of the City’s water conservation and regulatory program; and
WHEREAS, the City Council hereby finds and determines that it is desirable to codify the rules and regulations governing its actions, and the actions of persons using and consuming water within the City, particularly during declared water shortages and water shortage emergencies, to protect the general welfare and the City’s water supplies, and to reduce water consumption in accordance with the declared policies and laws of the State.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CORONA, CALIFORNIA, DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. The City hereby finds and determines that the above recitals are true and correct and incorporated herein.
Section 2. Chapter 13.26 of the Corona Municipal Code is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows:
3 Section 13.26.010 Findings and intent.
(A) The City Council finds and determines that because of the prevailing conditions in the State, and the declared policy of the State, it is necessary and appropriate for the city to adopt, implement, and enforce a water conservation program to reduce the quantity of water used by persons within the city to ensure that there is sufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection. The City Council further finds and determines that during periods of drought, water shortages, and water shortage emergencies the general welfare requires that the city maximize the beneficial use of its available water resources to the extent that it is capable, and that the waste or unreasonable use, or unreasonable method of use of water shall be prevented and the conservation of water is to be extended with the view to the reasonable and beneficial use thereof in the interests of the people of the city and for the public health, safety, and welfare.
(B) This chapter establishes water conservation and drought response measures and regulations to be implemented during declared water conservation stages. (C) This chapter establishes five stages of water conservation and drought response measures to be implemented by the city, with increasing restrictions on water use in response to decreasing water supplies and worsening drought conditions.
Section 13.26.020 Purpose and scope.
(A) The purposes of the water conservation provisions of this chapter 13.26 are to:
(1) protect the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens and property owners of the city;
(2) assure the maximum beneficial use of city water supplies; and (3) attempt to provide sufficient water supplies to meet the basic needs of human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection.
(B) This chapter 13.26 is not intended to repeal, abrogate, annul, impair or in any way interfere with the free use of property by covenant, deed, or other private agreement or with restrictive covenants running with the land to which the city provides water services. (C) The provisions of this chapter 13.26 shall apply to all persons within the city and all property served by the city wherever situated. (D) Nothing in this chapter 13.26 is intended to affect or limit the ability of the city to respond to an emergency, including an emergency that affects the ability of the city to supply water.
4 Section 13.26.030 Definitions. For the purposes of this chapter 13.26, the following words, terms, and phrases shall have the following meanings:
(A) “Appellant” means the person appealing a decision of the approving authority, General Manager, or other designated city official for relief from the requirements of this chapter 13.26.
(B) “Approving authority” means the General Manager or his or her designee, charged with approving or denying written applications for relief. (C) “Base year consumption amount” means the total amount of water delivered to the property of each customer in the prior fiscal year, as determined by the city. (D) “Conservation offset” means the implementation of proven conservation techniques which, when installed, will result in a reduction equal to demand of the proposed use. (E) "Enforcement officer" means any individual employed or otherwise charged by the city to inspect or enforce codes, ordinances, mandates, regulations, resolutions, rules or other laws adopted by the City Council or other regulatory bodies. (F) “General Manager” means the General Manager of the Department of Water & Power or his or her authorized designee.
(G) “Person” means any natural person, firm, joint venture, joint stock company, partnership, public or private association, club, company, corporation, business trust, organization, public or private agency, government agency or institution, school district, college, university, any other user of water provided by the city, or the manager, lessee, agent, servant, officer or employee of any of them or any other entity which is recognized by law as the subject of rights or duties.
(H) “Potable water” means water which conforms to federal, state, and local standards for human consumption.
(I) “Property owner” or “owner” means the record owner of real property as shown on the most recently issued equalized assessment roll. (J) “Recycled water” means water which, as a result of treatment of waste, is suitable for a direct beneficial use or a controlled use that would not otherwise occur and is therefore considered a valuable resource.
(K) “Recycled water distribution system” means a piping system intended for the delivery of recycled water exclusively and which is separate from any potable water distribution system.
5 (L) “Relief” means excuse from compliance with the regulations and restrictions on water use contained in this chapter 13.26. (M) "Responsible person" shall mean a natural person or legal entity who causes, maintains or allows a violation(s) of the city code to occur or continue by action or failure to act. A responsible person includes, but is not limited to, the owner, tenant, co-tenant, lessee, sub-lessee or other person with any right to possession of the property where a city code violation that is related to the use or condition of property occurs, the on-site manager who normally works daily at the site when the business is open and is responsible for the activities at such premises, and the owner, majority stockholders, corporate officers, trustees and general partners of a legal entity. There may be more than one responsible person for a violation. (N) “State” means the state of California.
(O) “Water customer” or “customer” means a person who, according to the city’s records, receives water service to a parcel of property. (P) “Water shortage emergency” means a condition existing within the city in which the ordinary water demands and requirements of persons within the city cannot be satisfied without depleting the water supply of the city to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection. A water shortage emergency includes both an immediate emergency, in which the city is unable to meet current water needs of persons within the city, as well as a threatened water shortage, in which the city determines that its supply cannot meet an increased future demand. (Q) “Watering Window” means a period of time established by the city within a particular water conservation stage regarding allowed water usage for outdoor irrigation.
Section 13.26.040 Water Conservation and unreasonable uses of water. (A) It is unlawful at any time for any person to make, cause, or use or permit the use of water from the city for residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, governmental, or any other purpose in a manner contrary to any provision of this chapter 13.26, or in an amount in excess of that use permitted by the water conservation stages which are in effect pursuant to this chapter 13.26 or by action taken by the City Council in accordance with this chapter 13.26.
The water conservation and drought response measures set forth in this Section 13.26.040 shall be in effect at all times.
(B) It is unlawful at any time for any person to waste water or to use it unreasonably. Unreasonable uses of water shall include, but are not limited to, the following practices:
6 (1) allowing water to leave a person’s property by drainage onto adjacent properties or public or private roadways or streets due to excessive irrigation and/or uncorrected leaks;
(2) failing to repair a water leak; and
(3) using water to wash down sidewalks, driveways, parking areas, tennis courts, patios or other paved areas, except to alleviate immediate safety or sanitation hazards.
(C) A water conservation stage shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of this chapter 13.26. A water conservation stage shall remain in full force and effect until otherwise determined or discontinued by resolution of the City Council declaring that existing water supply conditions and the supply of water available for distribution within the city’s service area has been replenished or augmented.
(D) The city may declare a water shortage emergency during any water conservation stage.
(E) During Water Conservation Stage 1, the water conservation and drought response measures of Water Conservation Stage 2 are voluntary and will be enforced through local and regional public education and awareness measures by the city. (F) During Water Conservation Stages 2 through 5, the water conservation and drought response measures are mandatory and violations are subject to criminal, civil, and administrative penalties and remedies as specified in this chapter 13.26 and State law.
Section 13.26.050 Water Conservation Stage 1. – Normal Water Supply.
Water Conservation Stage 1 is also referred to as a “Normal Water Supply” and applies during periods when the city is able to meet all of the water demands of its customers.
Water Conservation Stage 1 is in effect at all times unless the City Council otherwise declares that another water conservation stage is in effect pursuant to this chapter 13.26. Water is a limited natural resource and must be used efficiently and economically to meet the health and safety needs of the community. All normal water efficiency programs and water conservation regulations of the city, including the city’s landscape design guidelines for commercial and industrial developments as may be adopted from time to time, will be in full force and effect during Water Conservation Stage 1.
Section 13.26.060 Water Conservation Stage 2. – Minimum Water Shortage. (A) Water Conservation Stage 2 is also referred to as a “Minimum Water Shortage” and applies during periods when a reasonable probability exists that the city will not be able to meet all of the water demands of its customers. Water Conservation Stage 2 may be caused by, but is not limited to, any or all of the following circumstances or events:
7 (1) a regional water supply shortage exists and a regional public outreach campaign is being implemented asking or requiring all persons to reduce water use; (2) groundwater wells are inoperable or unusable (such as by power outages, mechanical failure, or contamination);
(3) alternative water supplies are limited or unavailable; and (4) groundwater levels or groundwater quality is approaching levels which may require augmentation of the groundwater basin or other actions necessary to protect the groundwater basin as prescribed by the California Department of Water Resources, the Department of Public Health, the State or Regional Water Quality Control Board, Riverside County, or some other regulatory body.
(B) The objective of the measures undertaken in Water Conservation Stage 2 is to reduce water system consumption within the city by ten to fifteen percent as determined and recommended by the General Manager.
(C) Except as otherwise provided in this Section 13.26.060, all water conservation and drought response measures of Water Conservation Stage 1 shall be in full force and effect during Water Conservation Stage 2. Upon declaration of a Water Conservation Stage 2 by the City Council, implementation by the city and publication of notice, the following water conservation and drought response measures shall apply:
(1) The city shall determine the base year consumption amount.
Water customers shall reduce their water consumption by ten to fifteen percent, as determined and recommended by the General Manager, from the base year consumption amount for the duration of Water Conservation Stage 2. Provided, however, the base year consumption amount for any subsequent fiscal year shall be determined by the city as appropriate in the event that the city is required to continue the Water Conservation Stage 2 for more than twelve months.
(2) Lawns and/or ground covers may be watered and landscaping may be irrigated, including construction meter irrigation, for a maximum of twenty minutes per day only during the following designated watering windows and designated days:
(a) lawns and/or ground cover may be watered and landscaping may be irrigated for properties with odd number street addresses, parks, and the public right-ofways, only on Saturdays, Mondays, and Wednesdays between the hours of 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m.;
(b) lawns and/or ground cover may be watered and landscaping may be irrigated for properties with even number street addresses only on Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays between the hours of 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m.; and
8 (c) watering lawns and/or ground cover and irrigating landscaping is prohibited on Fridays and on any day of the week outside of the designated watering windows set forth in Section 13.26.060(C)(2)(a) and (b) hereof.
(3) All irrigation timers shall be adjusted to comply with the provisions of Section 13.26.060(C)(2) hereof.
(4) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 13.26.060(C)(2), the use of recycled water to irrigate fruit trees, lawns and ground covers, and ornamental trees and shrubs is permitted on any day and at any time. Recycled water shall not be permitted to run into city streets or the city storm water conveyance system. (5) All open hoses shall be equipped with automatic, positive, shut-off nozzles.
(6) All swimming pools, spas, ponds, and fountains shall be equipped with re-circulating pumps.
(7) All plumbing leaks, improperly adjusted sprinklers, or other water conduits/fixtures that require repair or adjustment shall be corrected to the satisfaction of the city.
(8) No person shall use water to wash down sidewalks, driveways, parking areas, tennis courts, patios, or other paved or hard surface areas, except to alleviate immediate fire or sanitation hazards.
(9) No person shall allow water to leave his or her property by drainage onto adjacent properties or public or private roadways or streets due to excessive irrigation and/or uncorrected leaks.
(10) The washing of automobiles, trucks, trailers, boats, airplanes and other types of mobile equipment, is permitted at any time with a hand-held bucket or a hand-held hose equipped with an automatic, positive, shut-off nozzle for quick rinses. Washing may be done at any time on the immediate premises of a commercial car wash or commercial service station, or by a mobile car wash or on-site car wash using high pressure washing equipment. (11) Use of water from fire hydrants shall be limited to fire fighting, related activities, or other activities necessary to maintain the health, safety, and welfare of the public.
(12) All restaurants are prohibited from serving water to their patrons except when specifically requested by the patrons.
9 (13) Construction operations receiving water from a construction meter or water truck shall not use water unnecessarily for any purpose other than those required by regulatory agencies. Construction projects requiring watering for new landscaping materials shall adhere to the designated irrigation requirements set forth in Section 13.26.060(C)(2) hereof.
Section 13.26.070 Water Conservation Stage 3. - Moderate Water Shortage. (A) Water Conservation Stage 3 is also referred to as a “Moderate Water Shortage” and applies during periods when the city will not be able to meet all of the water demands of its customers. Water Conservation Stage 3 may be caused by, but is not limited to, any or all of the following circumstances or events:
(1) a regional or statewide water supply shortage exists and a regional public outreach campaign is being implemented asking or requiring all persons to reduce water use;
(2) groundwater wells are inoperable or unusable (such as by power outages, mechanical failure, or contamination);
(3) alternative water supplies are limited or unavailable; and (4) groundwater levels or groundwater quality is approaching levels which may require augmentation of the groundwater basin or other actions necessary to protect the groundwater basin as prescribed by the California Department of Water Resources, the Department of Public Health, the State or Regional Water Quality Control Board, Riverside County, or some other regulatory body.
(B) The objective of the measures undertaken in Water Conservation Stage 3 is to reduce water system consumption within the city by sixteen to twenty percent as determined and recommended by the General Manager.
(C) Except as otherwise provided in this Section 13.26.070, all water conservation and drought response measures of Water Conservation Stages 1 and 2 shall be in full force and effect during Water Conservation Stage 3. Upon declaration of a Water Conservation Stage 3 by the City Council, implementation by the city and publication of notice, the following water conservation and drought response measures shall apply:
(1) Water customers shall reduce their water consumption by sixteen to twenty percent, as determined and recommended by the General Manager, from the base year consumption amount for the duration of Water Conservation Stage 3. Provided, however, the base year consumption amount for any subsequent fiscal year shall be determined by the city as appropriate in the event that the city is required to continue the Water Conservation Stage 3 for more than twelve months.
10 (2) Lawns and/or ground cover may be watered and landscaping may be irrigated, including construction meter irrigation, for a maximum of twenty minutes per day only during the following designated watering windows and designated days:
(a) lawns and/or ground cover may be watered and landscaping may be irrigated for properties with odd number street addresses, parks, and public right-ofways, only on Saturdays and Wednesdays between the hours of 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m.;
(b) lawns and/or ground cover may be watered and landscaping may be irrigated for properties with even number street addresses only on Sundays and Thursdays between the hours of 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m.; and (c) watering lawns and/or ground cover and irrigating
landscaping is prohibited on Mondays, Tuesdays and Fridays and on any day of the week outside of the designated water windows set forth in Section 12.26.070(C)(2)(a) and (b) hereof. (3) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 13.26.070(C)(2) hereof, the use of recycled water to irrigate fruit trees, lawns and ground covers, and ornamental trees and shrubs is permitted on any day and at any time. Recycled water shall not be permitted to run into city streets or the city storm water conveyance system.
(4) Irrigation timers shall be adjusted to comply with the provisions of Section 13.26.070(C)(2) hereof.
(5) The washing of automobiles, trucks, trailers, boats, airplanes and other types of mobile equipment is permitted only during the hours of 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on Saturdays, Sundays, and Mondays with a hand-held bucket or a hand-held hose equipped with an automatic, positive, shut-off nozzle for quick rinses. Washing is permitted at any time on the immediate premises of a commercial car wash. The use of water by all types of commercial car washes not using partially reclaimed or recycled water shall be reduced in volume by an amount determined by the City Council. Further, such washings are exempt from these regulations where the health, safety, and welfare of the public is contingent upon frequent vehicle cleanings, such as garbage trucks and vehicles used to transport food and perishables. (6) The overfilling of swimming pools and spas is prohibited. The filling or refilling of ponds, streams, and artificial lakes is prohibited. (7) The operation of any ornamental fountain or similar structure is prohibited except for short periods of time to prevent damage. (8) The number of new construction meters shall not exceed the number of currently authorized meters removed from service. A new meter shall be issued only when an old meter is returned. Construction projects requiring water from a construction meter or a water truck shall not use water unnecessarily for any purposes other than those required by
11 regulatory agencies. Construction projects requiring water for new landscapes shall adhere to the designated days and watering windows as set forth in Section 13.26.070(C)(2) hereof. Further, construction projects necessary to maintain the health, safety, and welfare of the public, as determined by the city, are exempt from these regulations.
Section 13.26.080 Water Conservation Stage 4. – Severe Water Shortage. (A) Water Conservation Stage 4 is also referred to as a “Severe Water Shortage” and applies during periods when the city will not be able to meet all of the water demands of its customers. Water Conservation Stage 4 may be caused by, but is not limited to, any or all of the following circumstances or events:
(1) a regional or statewide water supply shortage exists and a regional public outreach campaign is being implemented asking or requiring persons to reduce water use; (2) groundwater wells are inoperable or unusable (such as by power outages, mechanical failure, or contamination);
(3) alternative water supplies are limited or unavailable; (4) groundwater levels or groundwater quality is approaching levels which may require augmentation of the groundwater basin or other actions necessary to protect the groundwater basin as prescribed by the California Department of Water Resources, California Department of Public Health, the Regional Water Quality Control Board, Riverside County, or some other regulatory body; and
(5) a major failure of any supply or distribution facility, whether temporary or permanent, occurs in the water distribution system of the State, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, the Western Municipal Water District, or city water facilities.
(B) The objective of the measures undertaken in Water Conservation Stage 4 is to reduce water consumption within the city by twenty-one to forty percent as determined and recommended by the General Manager.
(C) Except as otherwise provided in this Section 13.26.080, all water conservation and drought response measures of Water Conservation Stages 1, 2, and 3 shall be in full force and effect during Water Conservation Stage 4. Upon declaration of a Water Conservation Stage 4 by the City Council, implementation by the city and publication of notice, the following water conservation and drought response measures shall apply:
(1) Water customers shall reduce their water consumption by twenty to forty percent from the base year consumption amount for the duration of the Water Conservation Stage 4. Provided, however, the base year consumption amount for subsequent
12 fiscal years shall be determined by the city as appropriate in the event that the city is required to continue the Water Conservation Stage 4 for more than twelve months. (2) Irrigation of landscaping shall be limited to supporting minimal survival of trees and shrubs. Landscaping may be irrigated, including construction meter irrigation, for a maximum of twenty minutes per day only during the following designated watering windows and designated day:
(a) properties with odd number street addresses, parks, and public right of ways may irrigate landscaping only on Saturdays between the hours of 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m.;
(b) properties with even number street addresses may irrigate landscaping and pastures only on Sundays between the hours of 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m.; and (c) irrigating landscaping is prohibited on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays and outside the designated watering windows set forth in Section 13.26.080(C)(2)(a) and (b).
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 13.26.080(C) hereof, the use of recycled water to irrigate fruit trees, lawns and ground covers, and ornamental trees and shrubs is permitted on any day and at any time. Recycled water shall not be permitted to run into city streets or the city storm water conveyance system. (4) All outdoor watering and irrigation of lawns and ground covers is prohibited with the exception of plant materials classified and determined by the City Manager to be rare, exceptionally valuable, or essential to the well being of the public at large or rare animals, and for which relief has been otherwise granted pursuant to Section 13.26.150. (5) The washing of automobiles, trucks, trailers, boats, airplanes and other types of mobile equipment is prohibited. Washing is permitted at any time on the immediate premises of a commercial car wash. Commercial car washes shall only use partially reclaimed or recycled water for washing automobiles, trucks, trailers, boats, airplanes and other types of mobile equipment. Further, such washings are exempt from these regulations where the health, safety and welfare of the public is contingent upon frequent vehicle cleanings, such as garbage trucks and vehicles used to transport food and perishables. (6) The filling, refilling, or adding of water to swimming pools, spas, ponds, streams, and artificial lakes is prohibited.
(7) The operation of any ornamental fountain, pond, or similar structure is prohibited except for short periods of time to prevent damage. (8) The use of water for cooling mists is prohibited.
13 (9) The use of water for commercial, manufacturing, or processing purposes shall be reduced in volume by an amount determined by the City Council and/or as recommended by the General Manager.
(10) No new construction meters will be issued. Construction water shall not be used for earth work, road construction purposes, dust control, compaction, or trenching jetting. Construction projects necessary to maintaining the health, safety, and welfare of the public, as determined by the city, are exempt from these regulations. (11) Provided the City Council has declared a water shortage emergency pursuant to California Water Code sections 350 et seq., except as to property for which a building permit has been heretofore issued, no new building permit(s) shall be provided, except in the following circumstances:
(a) for projects necessary to protect the public’s health, safety, and welfare, as determined by the city;
(b) when using recycled water;
(c) when the recipient of the building permit can demonstrate that no net increase in water use will occur; or
(d) where the recipient of the building permit provides a conservation offset. A conservation offset may be effected by paying a fee established by the city in an amount necessary to cover the cost of implementing conservation techniques or acquiring alternative water sources. The fee will be based on the conservation offset required for an equivalent dwelling unit. Such fee shall apply to residential as well as commercial and industrial buildings, and may be adjusted from time to time as determined by the city.
Section 13.26.090 Water Conservation Stage 5. – Critical Water Shortage. (A) Water Conservation Stage 5 is also referred to as a “Critical Water Shortage” and applies during periods when the city will not be able to meet all of the water demands of its customers. Water Conservation Stage 5 may be caused by, but is not limited to, any or all of the following circumstances or events:
(1) a regional or statewide water supply shortage exists and a regional public outreach campaign is being implemented asking or requiring all persons to reduce water use;
(2) groundwater wells are inoperable or unusable (such as by power outages, mechanical failure, or contamination);
14 (3) alternative water supplies are limited or unavailable; (4) groundwater levels or groundwater quality is approaching levels which may require augmentation of the groundwater basin or other actions necessary to protect the groundwater basin as prescribed by the California Department of Water Resources, California Department of Public Health, Regional Water Quality Control Board, Riverside County, or some other regulatory body; and
(5) a major failure of any supply or distribution facility, whether temporary or permanent, occurs in the water distribution system of the State, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, the Western Municipal Water District, or city water facilities and the city cannot meet all of the water demands of its customers. (B) The objective of the measures undertaken in Water Conservation Stage 5 is to reduce water consumption by forty percent or more as determined and recommended by the General Manager.
(C) Except as otherwise provided in this Section 13.26.090, all water conservation and drought response measures of Water Conservation Stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 shall be in full force and effect during Water Conservation Stage 5. Upon declaration of a Water Conservation Stage 5 by the City Council, implementation by the city and publication of notice, the following water conservation and drought response measures shall apply:
(1) Water customers shall reduce their water consumption by forty-one percent or more from the base year consumption amount for the duration of Water Conservation Stage 5. Provided, however, the base year consumption amount for subsequent fiscal years shall be determined by the city as appropriate in the event that the city is required to continue the Water Conservation Stage 5 for more than twelve months. (2) All outdoor watering and irrigation of lawns and ground cover, and landscaping is prohibited, with the exception of the use of recycled water to irrigate fruit trees, lawns and ground covers, and ornamental trees and shrubs, which is permitted on any day and at any time. Recycled water shall not be permitted to run into city streets or the city storm water conveyance system.
(3) Provided the City Council has declared a water shortage emergency pursuant to California Water Code sections 350 et seq., the city shall not allow any new connections to the water system during Water Conservation Stage 5.
Section 13.26.100 Mandatory Conservation Phase Implementation. (A) The General Manager, or his or her designee, shall monitor the projected supply and demand for water by its customers on a daily basis during periods of a water shortage or drought and shall recommend to the City Council the extent of the conservation required
15 through the implementation and/or termination of particular water conservation stages to prudently plan and supply water to its customers. Thereafter, the City Council may order the implementation or termination of the appropriate water conservation stage. (B) The declaration of any stage beyond Water Conservation Stage 1 shall be made by the recommendation of the General Manager and resolution of the City Council.
Within ten (10) days of the adoption of the resolution declaring the applicable Water Conservation Stage, the city shall make a public announcement of the applicable Water Conservation Stage, which shall be published a minimum of one (1) time for three (3) consecutive days in a daily newspaper of general circulation. Such declaration and notice shall provide the extent, terms, and conditions respecting the use and consumption of water in accordance with the applicable water conservation stage as provided in this chapter 13.26. Upon such declaration and publication of such notice, due and proper notice shall be deemed to have been given each and every person supplied water within the city. The water conservation stage designated shall become effective immediately upon announcement. (C) The declaration of a water shortage emergency during any water conservation stage shall be made in accordance with California Water Code sections 350 et seq.
Section 13.26.110 Violations and remedies.
(A) It shall be unlawful for any person to willfully violate the provisions of this chapter 13.26. A violation of any of these provisions shall be a misdemeanor subject to imprisonment in the county jail for not more than thirty days or by fine not to exceed $1,000, or by both, as provided in California Water Code section 377. (B) In addition to any remedies or enforcement measures provided by State law or in this chapter 13.26, any violation of this chapter 13.26 is subject to the provisions of chapters 1.08 and 1.09 of the Corona Municipal code.
(C) In addition to any other remedies provided in this Code or available under applicable law, the city can alternatively seek injunctive relief in the Superior Court or take enforcement action, including discontinuing or appropriately limiting water service to any customer, for violations of this chapter 13.26.
Section 13.26.120 Notices and additional enforcement measures. (A) In addition to or in conjunction with the notice of violation provided pursuant to the provisions of chapter 1.08, for a first violation of any provision of this chapter
13.26, within two weeks of the violation:
(1) the city may send an enforcement officer or provide written notice to the property owner, customer, occupant, or responsible person of the property where the violation occurred to advise such person of:
16 (a) the water conservation stage then in effect and the provisions of this chapter 13.26 relating thereto;
(b) water conservation and drought response measures that are required and may be implemented pursuant to this chapter 13.26; (c) possible consequences and actions which may be taken by the city for future violations of this chapter 13.26, including discontinuance of water service; (d) penalties that may be imposed for the specific violation and any future violations of this chapter 13.26; and
(2) if the General Manager or his or her designee deems it to be appropriate, the city may order the installation of a flow-restricting device on the service line for any person who violates any term or provision of this chapter 13.26. (B) In addition to or in conjunction with the notice of violation provided pursuant to the provisions of chapter 1.08, for a second or any subsequent violation of this chapter 13.26, within two weeks of the violation:
(1) the city may send an enforcement officer or provide written notice to the property where the violation occurred to notify the property owner, customer, occupant of the property, or responsible person where the violation occurred to advise such person of:
(a) the water conservation stage then in effect and the provisions of this chapter 13.26 relating thereto;
(b) the water conservation and drought response measures that are required and may be implemented by such person; and (c) possible consequences, which may occur in the event of any future violations of this chapter 13.26;
(2) if the General Manager or his or her designee deems it to be appropriate, the city may order the installation of a flow-restricting device on the service line for any person who violates any term or provision of this chapter 13.26; and (3) if the General Manager or his or her designee deems it to be appropriate, the city may discontinue water service at the location where the violation occurred. (C) The city may, after one written notice of violation, order that a special meter reading or readings be made in order to ascertain whether wasteful or unreasonable use of water is occurring.
17 (D) All moneys collected under this Section 13.26.140 shall be deposited in a special account of the city and shall be made available for enforcement of this chapter 13.26. (E) The city may, at its option, elect to petition the Superior Court to confirm any order establishing administrative penalties and enter judgment in conformity therewith in accordance with the provisions of Sections 1285 to 1287.6, inclusive, of the California Code of Civil Procedure.
Section 13.26.130 Civil actions.
(A) In addition to any other remedies provided in the Code, any violation of this chapter 13.26 may be enforced by civil action brought by the city. (B) In any such action, the city may seek, and the court may grant, as appropriate, any or all of the following remedies:
(1) a temporary and/or permanent injunction;
(2) assessment of the violator for the costs of any investigation, which led to the establishment of the violation, and for the reasonable costs of preparing and bringing legal action under this Section 13.26.130;
(3) any other costs incurred in enforcing the provisions of this chapter
13.26; and
(4) any other action the city deems appropriate to protect the general welfare and the City’s water supplies, and to reduce water consumption in accordance with this chapter 13.26 and the declared policies and laws of the State. (c) Assessments under this subsection shall be paid to the city to be used exclusively for costs associated with implementing or enforcing the water conservation and regulatory provisions of this chapter 13.26.
Section 13.26.140 Recovery of costs.
(A) The General Manager or his or her designee shall serve an invoice for costs upon the person or responsible person who is subject to a notice of violation, a cease and desist order, or an administrative compliance order. An invoice for costs shall be immediately due and payable to the City. If any person or responsible person fails to either pay the invoice for costs or appeal successfully the invoice for costs in accordance with this chapter 13.26, then the City may institute collection proceedings. The invoice for costs may include reasonable attorneys’ fees.
18 (B) The city shall impose any other penalties or regulatory fees, as fixed from time to time by resolution of the City Council, for a violation or enforcement of this chapter
13.26. (C) In addition to the costs which may be recovered pursuant to Section
1.08.022 of the Code, and in order to recover the costs of the water conservation regulatory program set forth in this chapter 13.26, the City Council may, from time to time, fix and impose by resolution fees and charges. The fees and charges may include, but are not limited to, fees and charges for:
(1) any visits of a water conservation specialist, enforcement officer, or other city staff for time incurred for meter reading, follow-up visits, or the installation or removal of a flow-restricting device;
(2) monitoring, inspection, and surveillance procedures pertaining to enforcement of this chapter 13.26;
(3) enforcing compliance with any term or provision of this chapter
13.26;
(4) reinitiating service at a property where service has been discontinued pursuant to this chapter 13.26;
(5) processing any fees necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter 13.26; and
(6) any other necessary and appropriate fees and charges to recover the cost of providing the city’s water conservation regulatory program.
Section 13.26.150 Relief from compliance.
Consideration of written applications for relief from compliance (“relief”) regarding the regulations and restrictions on water use set forth in this chapter 13.26 may be made by the city.
(A) Written applications for relief shall be accepted, and may be granted or denied, by the approving authority at his or her sole discretion. The application shall be in a form prescribed by the city and shall be accompanied by a non-refundable processing fee in an amount as determined by resolution of the City Council for the purpose of defraying the costs incidental to the review proceedings related thereto.
(B) The grounds for granting or conditionally granting an application for relief are:
19 (1) a customer has reduced water usage to the minimum feasible level but cannot reduce usage by the amount required by then-current mandatory water conservation stage declared pursuant to this chapter due to the number of people in the household or medical necessity, where “reduced water usage to the minimum feasible level” shall mean that the customer has installed xeriscaping or other low-water landscaping (or has ceased watering other types of landscaping), high efficiency water-using appliances, water-efficient toilets, watersaving faucet devices, and low-flow shower heads, and is complying in all other respects with the requirements of this chapter; or
(2) due to unique circumstances other than those described in subsection (1) above, a specific requirement of this chapter 13.26 would result in undue hardship to a person using city water or to property upon which city water is used, that is disproportionate to the impacts to other city water users generally or to similar property or classes of water users; or
(3) failure to grant a relief would adversely affect the health, sanitation, fire protection, or safety of the applicant or the public. (C) The application for a relief shall be accompanied, as appropriate, with photographs, maps, drawings, and other information substantiating the applicant’s request, including a statement of the applicant. Provided, however, the city may request such other additional information as it deems appropriate in order to process and/or review the application for relief.
(D) An application for a relief shall be denied unless the approving authority finds, based on the information provided in the application, supporting documentation, or such other additional information as may be requested, and on water use information for the property as shown by the records of the city, all of the following:
(1) That the relief does not constitute a grant of special privilege inconsistent with the limitations upon other city customers. (2) That because of special circumstances applicable to the property or its use, comprising any of the circumstances set forth in subsection (B) of this section, the strict application of this chapter 13.26 would have a disproportionate impact on (a) the property or use that exceeds customers generally, or (b) the applicant’s health that exceeds customers generally. (3) That the authorization of such relief will not be of substantial detriment to adjacent properties, and will not materially affect the ability of the city to effectuate the purposes of this chapter 13.26 and will not be detrimental to the public interest. (4) That the condition or situation of (a) the subject property or the intended use of the property for which the relief is sought is not common, recurrent, or general in nature, or (b) the applicant’s health or safety is not common, recurrent, or general in nature.
20 (E) The denial or grant of a relief shall be acted upon within fifteen (15) business days of the submittal of the complete application, including any photographs, maps, drawings, and other information substantiating the applicant’s request and the statement of the applicant. The application may be approved, conditionally approved, or denied, subject to subsection (G) of this section. The decision of the approving authority shall be prepared in writing, include terms and conditions, if any, set forth findings in support of the decision, and be promptly sent to the applicant.
(F) The denial of a request for a relief may be appealed in writing to the City Manager. An appeal shall be made in accordance with the following procedures:
(1) The appellant shall complete and submit in writing a form provided by the city for such purpose and shall state in such form the grounds for his or her appeal. The form shall be accompanied by a non-refundable processing fee in an amount as determined by resolution of the City Council for the purpose of defraying the costs incidental to the proceedings. All appeals shall be submitted to the City Clerk within thirty (30) calendar days of the date of the notice of the denial of the request for a relief. (2) The City Manager, or his or her designee, shall review the appeal and any related information provided, and, if necessary, cause an investigation and report to be made concerning the request for a relief. The City Manager, or his or her designee, shall have fifteen (15) calendar days from the submission of the appeal to render a decision on whether to grant or deny the appeal and mail notice thereof to the appellant. The decision shall be prepared in writing, include terms and conditions, if any, and set forth findings in support of the decision. (3) The decision of the City Manager, or his or her designee, may be appealed by the appellant to the City Council. Such appeal must be submitted in writing on the appropriate city form and filed with the City Clerk within fifteen (15) calendar days of the date of decision of the City Manager, or his or her designee. The form shall be accompanied by a non-refundable processing fee in an amount as determined by resolution of the City Council for the purpose of defraying the costs incidental to the proceedings. The City Council shall conduct a hearing on such appeal at its next regularly scheduled City Council meeting; provided, however, the City Council shall have received the notice of appeal at least fifteen (15) calendar days prior to such meeting. If the appeal is not submitted within at least fifteen (15) calendar days prior to a regularly scheduled City Council meeting, then the hearing shall be held at the following regularly scheduled City Council meeting. A notice of the hearing shall be mailed to the appellant at least ten (10) calendar days before the date fixed for the hearing. The City Council shall review the appeal de novo. The determination of the City Council shall be conclusive. Notice of the determination by the City Council shall be mailed to the appellant within ten (10) calendar days of such determination, indicate whether the appeal has been granted in whole or in part, set forth the terms and conditions of the relief, if any, granted to the appellant, and set forth findings in support of the decision. If the appeal is denied in its entirety, the appellant shall comply with all terms and conditions of this chapter 13.26 and the applicable water conservation stage then in effect.
21 (4) Until the conclusion of the appeal process, all provisions and decisions under appeal shall remain in full force and effect until the conclusion of the appeal process.
(G) Any grant of a request for relief shall be conditioned upon the continued existence of the facts and circumstances which formed the grounds for granting relief, as provided in this section. The approving authority may revoke any grant of relief if such facts and circumstances are determined no longer to exist.
Section 13.26.160 Water Conservation Programs.
(A) Subject to available funds, the City Manager, or his or her designee, is authorized to develop, promote, and administer water conservation programs to encourage and assist persons in conserving water. The water conservation programs may include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1) installing, or providing rebate programs for the installation of, water saving devices and irrigation systems in the landscaped areas of residential, commercial, industrial, and public property and public rights-of-way; (2) replacing landscaping and turf with drought tolerant plant material and water efficient landscaping;
(3) developing educational programs to promote water conservation; and
(4) converting, where financially and technically feasible, potable water distribution systems to recycled water distribution systems for landscaped areas of residential, commercial, industrial, and public property and public rights-of way. (B) The City Manager shall prepare and implement policies and procedures governing any water conservation program established pursuant to this Section 13.26.160. (C) The City Manager is authorized to enter into agreements relating to such water conservation programs, provided such agreements are approved as to form by the City Attorney.
(D) The expenditure of funds for any water conservation program shall be subject to the provisions of Chapter 3.08, as applicable, and any other provisions of the Municipal Code restricting the expenditure of city funds.
Section 13.26.170 Conflicting Provisions.
If provisions of this chapter 13.26 are in conflict with each other, other provisions of the Code, any other resolution or ordinance of the city, or any State law or regulation, the more restrictive provisions shall apply.
Appendices
City of Corona
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix O – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Appendices
City of Corona
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix P – Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
2023 ‐ 2027
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
City of Corona, CA
Corona Fire Department
Emergency Services Division
CITY OF CORONA 1
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
FEB 2023
Contact Information
City of Corona
Name: Lee Shin
Title: Emergency Services Manager
Address: 735 Public Safety Way
City, State and Zip: Corona, CA 92880
Direct Contact: 951-496-1299
Email: [email protected]
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PLAN ADOPTION AND RESOLUTION
The City of Corona will submit plans to the Riverside County Emergency Management Department (EMD) who will then forward the plans to the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) for review prior to being submitted to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). In addition, we will wait to receive an “Approval Pending Adoption” letter from FEMA before taking the plan to our local governing bodies for adoption. Upon approval, the City of Corona will insert the signed resolution into this publication.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of this Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) is to identify the City’s hazards, review and assess past disaster occurrences, estimate the probability of future occurrences, and set goals to mitigate potential risks to reduce or eliminate longterm risks to preserve and protect life, property, and the environment from both natural and man-made hazards.
The plan was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 to achieve eligibility and potentially secure mitigation funding through FEMA’s Flood Mitigation Assistance, Pre-Disaster Mitigation, and Hazard Mitigation Grant Programs.
Riverside County's continual efforts to maintain a disaster-mitigation strategy is ongoing. Our goal as the City of Corona is to develop and maintain an all-inclusive plan to include all jurisdictions, special districts, businesses, and community organizations to promote consistency, continuity and unification throughout the county and city.
The County’s planning process followed a methodology presented by FEMA and Cal OES which included conducting meetings with the Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) coordinated by Riverside County EMD comprised of participating Federal, State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial (SLTT)governmental bodies and local jurisdictions agencies, special districts, school districts, non-profit communities, universities, businesses, and public.
The plan identifies vulnerabilities, provides recommendations for prioritized mitigation actions, evaluates resources, identifies mitigation shortcomings, provides future mitigation planning, and maintenance of the existing plan.
The plan will be implemented upon FEMA approval.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Content
Contact Information ....................................................................................................................... 1 PLAN ADOPTION AND RESOLUTION ........................................................................................ 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER 1- COMMUNITY PROFILE ......................................................................................... 6
1.1 CITY OF CORONA MAP ............................................................................................ 6
1.2 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE DESCRIPTION .......................................................... 6
1.3 BRIEF HISTORY OF CORONA .................................................................................. 8
1.4 DESCRIPTION OF CORONA’S ECONOMY ............................................................ 10 Figure 1.4.1 – City of Corona Workforce ............................................................................. 13
1.5 POPULATION AND HOUSING ............................................................................... 14
1. 6 TRENDS AND LAND USE ....................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 2 - PLANNING PROCESS ........................................................................................ 15
2.1 LOCAL PLANNING PROCESS ................................................................................ 15
2.2 PARTICIPATION IN REGIONAL PLANNING PROCESS ........................................ 15
2.3 DATES AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC COMMENT ....................................................... 16
2.4 PLANS ADOPTED BY RESOLUTION ...................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 3 – MITIGATION ACTIONS AND UPDATES ........................................................... 17
3.1 UPDATES FROM 2017 PLAN .................................................................................. 17
3.2 LIST OF COUNTY AND CITY HAZARDS ................................................................ 17
3.3 NEW HAZARDS OR CHANGES FROM 2017 LHMP ............................................... 20
3.4 UNIQUE HAZARDS OF THE COUNTY AND CITY .................................................. 21
3.5 MITIGATION PROJECT UPDATES ......................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 4.0 – HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT ................................. 28
4.1 CRITICAL FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................... 28
4.2 ESTIMATING POTENTIAL LOSS ............................................................................ 30
4.3 TABLE OF REPLACEMENT VALUES ..................................................................... 30
4.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES ........................................... 30 SECTION 5.0 – COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM ..................................................................... 49
5.1 REPETITIVE LOSS PROPERTIES .......................................................................... 49
5.2 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROPERTIES .................................................... 49 SECTION 6.0 - CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENT ......................................................................... 51
6.1 REGULATORY MITIGATION CAPABILITIES .......................................................... 51
6.2 ADMINISTRATIVE ANDTECHNICAL MITIGATION CAPABILITIES ........................ 53
6.3 FISCAL MITIGATION CAPABILITIES ...................................................................... 54
6.4 MITIGATION OUTREACH AND PARTNERSHIPS .................................................. 54
6.5 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES ................................................................................... 55 SECTION 7.0 - MITIGATION STRATEGIES .............................................................................. 56
7.1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................... 56
7.2 MITIGATION ACTIONS ............................................................................................ 57
7.3 ON-GOING MITIGATION STRATEGY PROGRAMS ............................................... 62
7.4 FUTURE MITIGATION STRATEGIES ...................................................................... 64 SECTION 8.0 – PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCESS ...................................... 65 SECTION 9.0 – INCORPORATION INTO EXISTING PLANNING MECHANISMS .................... 67 SECTION 10.0 - CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ........................................................... 67 APPENDIX A – PUBLIC NOTICES AND MAPS ................................................................................. 69 .................................................................................................................................................... 82
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APPENDIX B – INVENTORY WORKSHEETS ........................................................................... 88 APPENDIX C – PLAN REVIEW TOOL/CROSSWALK ...................................................................... 109 CHAPTER 1- COMMUNITY PROFILE
1.1 CITY OF CORONA MAP
1.2 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE DESCRIPTION
The City of Corona is located approximately 45 miles southeast of Los Angeles in western Riverside County. It is in a valley, framed by forests and mountains, and the Prado Basin. Original settlements in the area focused on development within and adjacent to Grand Boulevard. As the City grew, the geographic limitations imposed by the Cleveland National Forest to the south and the Prado Basin to the northeast created natural barriers that confined the City. Corona is bordered by the City of Norco to the north, the City of Riverside to the east, and other Riverside County cities to the west and south.
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The City limits encompass 39.2 square miles and the population is approximately 159,743 (according to the United States Census Bureau’s assessment in July 2021).
Corona, a city whose heritage spans more than a century, has emerged as an ethnically diverse community, where a significant percentage of the population is made up of young and well-educated families. The City’s community boasts many amenities that provide a first-rate quality of life for its residents. It also has more than 394 acres of parks that include sports fields, basketball courts, playgrounds, tennis courts, two skate parks, and an outdoor pool.
Two major freeways and one railroad transect Corona. The Riverside Freeway (SR91) runs east and west directly north of the City’s center, Interstate 15 (I-15) runs north and south near the eastern edge of the City, and the railroad parallels SR-91. These corridors act as major transportation routes to the economic center of Orange County from the Inland Empire.
Two geographical areas are within the boundaries of the City of Corona General Plan Planning Area: lands within the City’s corporate limits and lands within its Sphere of Influence (SOI). The City currently includes 39.2 square miles, plus 34.3 square miles in Riverside County designated as being within the SOI.
The SOI was defined by the City, the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), and the Riverside County Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO). It represents the areas likely to be served by and potentially annexed to the City. The SOI includes three geographically distinct areas including the West, East, and South Spheres. The West Sphere encompasses three geographic areas: the Prado Basin, Coronita, and the Foothill Area. The East Sphere includes the areas of Home Gardens, Eagle Valley East, and El Cerrito. Additionally, the Temescal Canyon makes up the South Sphere.
The City of Corona Planning Area is within the South Coast Air Basin of California (SCAB). The Air Basin is a 6,600-square mile area encompassing the non-desert portions of Riverside, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino Counties as well as all of Orange County. Bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains to the north and east, the South Coast Air Basin is an area of high air pollution potential.
The climate of the SCAB is dominated by the strength and position of the semipermanent high-pressure center over the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii.
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It creates the climate conditions typical of Southern California, (i.e., relatively cool summers, mild winters, infrequent rainfall, cool daytime sea breezes, comfortable humidity, and ample sunshine). Periods of extremely hot weather, winter storms, or Santa Ana wind conditions interrupt this pattern. Unfortunately, the same atmospheric processes that create the desirable living climate can combine to restrict the ability of the atmosphere to disperse the air pollution generated by the region’s population.
The location of the Planning Area (east of the Chino Hills and Santa Ana Mountains) insulates it from the moderating effect of the ocean. Average summertime high temperatures range between about 85 to 92 degrees Fahrenheit from June through September, and average wintertime low temperatures are generally near 40 degrees in the months of December and January. Rainfall is highly variable and confined almost exclusively to the winter months. Rainfall in Corona averages about 12.6 inches annually. Temperatures and precipitation in Corona tend to vary more dramatically than other coastal areas of the basin.
Predominating winds travel from the ocean, across the urbanized coastal areas of Orange and Los Angeles Counties, to Corona through the Santa Ana River Canyon.
The canyon acts as a funnel for air masses moving across the basin. Daytime winds are typically channeled through the canyon to create steady, abnormally high (greater than 12 mph) wind velocities from the west. Typical nighttime conditions reverse, and light winds (less than 1 mph) drift back towards the ocean. Exceptions to this pattern occurs when a high-pressure center forms over the western United States and creates the strong, hot, dry, gusty Santa Ana winds, which move through Corona from the eastern deserts into the canyon.
1.3 BRIEF HISTORY OF CORONA
Corona’s historic resources are those physical elements, both structural and natural, which define the City’s past. They help give the City its unique identity, charm, and orientation. These resources, when well preserved and maintained, provide the community with a sense of permanence, which fosters civic pride and stewardship among its residents and businesses. Information describing the historic and cultural resources were derived from the 2000 Riverside County Integrated Project (RCIP).
Corona’s history has evolved on behalf of Native American inhabitation, missionary influence, agricultural development, and eventual rapid urbanization. The City’s growth and development is typical of many other areas in Southern California.
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In the early 1700s, prior to the arrival of the Spanish, the Gabrieleno and Luiseno Native American Tribes occupied the Corona area. These indigenous peoples used the hot waters in the Temescal Canyon for bathing and religious ceremonies.
Current residents and visitors still enjoy the rejuvenating mud baths and hot springs at the Glen Ivy Springs Resort. Luiseno religious ceremonies were strictly followed and remnants of some of their artistic pictographs and petroglyphs can still be found on rocks in undeveloped areas.
In the early 1800s, the agricultural and cattle ranching base developed, and portions of Corona became part of the Mexican land grant program (i.e., Rancho La Sierra Yorba, Rancho Jurupa, Rancho El Rincon, and Rancho El Sobrante de San Jacinto).
With the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed in 1846, Mexico ceded the Corona area as part of California to the United States. The Yorba, Serrano, Sepulveda, Cot, and Botiller families’ ranched sheep and cattle on the original ranchos in the area.
Remnants of the Serrano tanning vats are still found on Old Temescal Canyon Road.
In 1849, the California gold rush brought prospectors, settlers, and new developments to Southern California.
In 1886, developer Robert Taylor persuaded his partners: Rimpau, Joy, Garretson, and Merrill to form the South Riverside Land and Water Company. Together they raised approximately $110,000 to purchase approximately 12,000 acres of agricultural land. Taylor realized the importance of water for the soon to be developed community and additional funds were used to ensure that sufficient water rights were obtained.
Taylor hired Anaheim engineer H. C. Kellogg to design a circular Grand Boulevard three miles round. Early residents used to parade their fancy buggies on this circular street which enclosed the main functions of the community: schools, churches, residences, and stores. To the north along the railroad tracks were the manufacturing plants and packing houses. The southern end of town featured the citrus industry, and the mining companies were established just outside the City’s southeastern and eastern city limits.
The developers initially named their development South Riverside after the successful citrus community of Riverside located nearby. Almost all the new settlers planted orange and lemon trees in hopes of gaining future profits. New groves continued to spring up and by 1912 there were 5,000 acres of established orange and lemon groves. By 1913, Corona shipped more fruit than any other town in Southern California. In 1961, citrus was still considered the backbone of Corona’s economy and the largest source of revenue. In that year, citrus covered 7,500 acres. The labor force fluctuated between 400 and 1,800 workers at the peak of the harvest. An additional 500 people worked at the Exchange Lemon Products Plant. By 1982, Corona’s
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agricultural industry faced a bleak future as production costs made the economics of farming financially unsuccessful. Plans then began to change to replace the groves with approximately 12,500 dwelling units.
On July 13, 1896, residents voted to incorporate and change the name of the community to Corona, which is Spanish for crown, in honor of the City’s circular Grand Boulevard.
By 1900, the population had reached 1,434 people.
On September 9th, 1913, in observance of California’s Admission’s Day, Corona residents celebrated with an international automobile race on the Boulevard. The event attracted auto racing greats such as Ralph DePalma, Barney Oldfield, Terrible Teddy Tetzlaff, and Earl Cooper. More than 100,000 people came to the town to watch Cooper win the race and a prize of $8,250. It was so successful that races were held again in 1914 and 1916. The demise of the Corona Road races was due not only to tragic deaths, which occurred in 1916, but also because of the cost and local effort needed to continually stage such an extravagant event.
1.4 DESCRIPTION OF CORONA’S ECONOMY
Corona continues to maintain its position as the premier location for businesses looking to relocate and expand. Corona’s geographic position attracts a highly educated labor force. Vacancy rates in industrial, commercial, and office properties all declined in 2022, with many companies returning to in-person work. Industrial vacancy rates dropped even lower to 1.0%, retail vacancies dropped to 5.2%, and office vacancy rates steadily declined to 7.5%.
Taxable sales in Corona totaled just over $900 million in the fourth quarter of 2020, down 6.3% from the previous year. This is a more modest decline relative to Los Angeles County (-8.9%) and Orange County (-7.4%), but it contrasts with the growth in Riverside County (3.9%) and San Bernardino County (6.2%). From the first quarter of 2020 to first quarter of 2021, the pandemic led to a surge in spending in some categories. E-commerce surged during the pandemic, with spending up 43.4%.
Demographically, Corona benefits from a young median age, higher education levels, higher median incomes, and higher home values compared to Riverside County and other areas in California. As a thriving inland community, Corona is home to young families comprised of 48,905 households averaging 3.25 persons each, with a median age of 38.3. Annual median household income is $92,606 and 76% of the population age 25 and up possess a high school diploma or higher according to U.S. Census.
Median home prices continue to improve with median values in excess of $620,600.
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New industrial development, business expansions, and relocations to Corona have helped to stabilize Corona’s job market, despite economic impacts related to the global pandemic. Job growth in Corona reported a 10% increase with employment numbers increasing to 86,700 in the first quarter of 2022. Major contributors to local economic growth are the construction, health care, and finance industries, in addition to the fast-growing professional, management, and technology sectors in previous years. Job growth will be continuing to be fueled by the 1.8 million square feet of industrial development recently completed or under construction, and the recent completion of 147,000 square feet of Class A offices. The strong local job market keeps the unemployment rate in Corona at 3%, which is approximately 1% below the Riverside County average as of Fiscal Year 2021.
Fiscal Year 2022 continued to see an expanding housing market with increased median home prices and average rents for multi-family communities. New singlefamily housing developments include Sierra Bella, a new family community consisting of 237 single family homes and Bedford South Corona, which will add more than 1,500 single family units once complete along with Corona’s newest retail development, Bedford Marketplace. Both developments are under construction, with some homes complete and occupied by new homeowners. Several proposed condominium developments are in various stages of plan check or construction including 109 attached units on the east side of Temescal Canyon Road and Dos Lagos Drive.
With limited opportunities for large-scale new development, Corona continues looking for opportunities to redevelop and expand currently underutilized properties.
Through its ongoing commitment to stimulate the local economy and expand its labor force, the City of Corona will continue to be the premier inland Southern California city to live, work, and play.
Nationwide, the economy has continued to show strong recovery from early COVID19 pandemic shutdowns. The national unemployment rate was 3.6% at the end of Fiscal Year 2022 and increased to 3.7% in the first quarter of Fiscal Year 2022.
However, national economic performance does not directly translate to improved or hindered financial condition for local governments, nor opportunities to fund more services. As an example, a rise in home prices does not directly correlate to the City collecting more in property taxes. With Proposition 13, property tax is capped at 1%, and the property’s taxable value cannot increase more than 2% per year. At the same time, the increase in fixed cost for operating City government has outpaced its revenue growth.
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Figure 1.4.1 – City of Corona Workforce
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1.5 POPULATION AND HOUSING
In a little over a century, the City has evolved from a small town of 1,434 people with deep agricultural roots to a dynamic, diverse community of more than 167,759 people.
At the turn of the millennium, Corona’s growth had been among the highest in the United States. It’s vast agricultural areas at the base of the Santa Ana Mountains, La Sierra Hills, and Chino Hills that is centered on a single place of business and civic identity, has evolved to a suburban community of multiple neighborhoods and centers of commerce and employment. Based on estimates from the California Department of Finance, the City’s housing units has increased to 50,287 in 2023 from 48,064 in 2014 from, an increase of approximately 2,223 units.
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Figure 1.5.1 – City of Corona Demographics
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1. 6 TRENDS AND LAND USE
Corona’s residential market continues to boom. Included in future planned construction are three new housing developments that will be adjacent to high fire hazard severity zones. It is mandated that new development in or adjacent to these zones follow the 2016 California Building Code Chapter 7A and Chapter 49 of the 2016 California Fire Code. It is also mandated by the Corona Fire Department that a separate fuel modification plan be submitted for review and approval.
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN FEB 2023
Figure 1.6.1: Responsibilities within City of Corona
JURISDICTION: CITY OF CORONA DOES YOUR AGENCY HAVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR LAND USE AND/OR DEVELOPMENT ISSUES WITHIN YOUR JURISDICTIONAL BOUNDARIES?
2012 DATA 2017 DATA 2023
Current Population in Jurisdiction or Served 153,649 167,759 Projected Population in Jurisdiction or Served - in 2022 175,000
Current Sq. Miles in Jurisdiction or Served 39.2 39.2 Projected Sq. Miles in Jurisdiction or Served - in 2022 39.2 Does Your Jurisdiction have any ordinances or regulations dealing with disaster mitigation, disaster preparation, or disaster response? Yes Yes
If yes, please list ordinance or regulation number. Ordinance No. 2429, 1973, 2077 Corona Municipal Code Chapters 2.52, 3.36, 4.04.80, 7a, 15.12.270 Section 705 What is the number one land issue your agency will face in the next five years Economy and Infill/compact development
Approximate Number of Homes/Apts/etc. 47,182 48,930 Projected Number of Homes/Apts/etc.- in 2022 50,500
Approximate Total Residential Value $16.3 billion $17.0 billion Projected Residential Total Value - in 2022 $19.0 billion Approximate Number of Commercial Businesses 5,205 9,000 Projected Number of Commercial Businesses - in 2022 9,500 Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in flood hazard zones
0.7% 0.7% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in flood hazard zones - in 2022
0.7%
Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in earthquake hazard zones
3.5% 3.5% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in
earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
3.5%
Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in wildland fire hazard zones
6.55% 6.55% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
6.55%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in flood hazard zones
0.003% 0.7% Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in flood hazard zones - in 2022
0.7%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in earthquake hazard zones
1.9% 0.3% Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
0.3%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in wildland fire hazard zones
4.5% 0 Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
0 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in flood hazard zones 0 0 Projected Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in flood hazard zones - in 2022
0 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in earthquake hazard zones 2 2 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
2 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in wildland fire hazard zones. 7 7 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
7 Does your jurisdiction plan on participating in the County's on-going plan maintenance program every two years as described in Part I of the plan? Yes Yes If not, how will your jurisdiction do plan maintenance? N/A Will a copy of this plan be available for the various planning groups within your jurisdiction for use in future planning and budgeting purposes? Yes
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CHAPTER 2 - PLANNING PROCESS
2.1 LOCAL PLANNING PROCESS
Multiple city departments contributed to the update of the 2023 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. Personnel involved included senior management and staff from the Fire Department, Police Department, Community Development, Public Works, Administrative Services, Department of Water and Power, Management Services, Maintenance Services, Library and Recreation, Information Technology, City Clerk, Legal, and Risk Management. The group also includes civil engineers, planners, building officials, city clerks, public information officers (PIO), Geographic Information System (GIS) administrator, accountants, managers, emergency managers, analysts, and fire and police officials. Outreach to key stakeholders was done through email, phone calls and in person meetings.
The group assisted in the development of mitigation strategies and projects based on the risk and hazard ranking assessment conducted by members of Fire, Police, Public Works Departments as well as the Department of Water and Power. They identified completion of past projects and provided updated City data and statistics. For meetings and correspondence records, please reference local planning efforts within Appendix A.
2.2 PARTICIPATION IN REGIONAL PLANNING PROCESS
The City of Corona committed to participating in the update of the 2022 Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP). An agency multijurisdiction participation form was completed and submitted to Riverside County Emergency Management Department as official notice of participation.
Emergency Management staff attended multiple OA Planning Committee meetings over the course of the planning year where LHMP updates, requirements, and coordinating efforts were conducted.
Neighboring communities were also invited to participate in the update of the LHMP during these quarterly OAPC meetings. Several of Corona’s neighboring communities were in the process of updating their respective LHMPs which allowed the city to cross reference mitigation hazards and risks while also identifying potential mitigation projects that may lead to future collaborate efforts.
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Corona Emergency Management staff attended multiple LHMP workshops hosted by EMD that provided additional information, review, guidance, and assistance throughout the plan’s updating process. These workshops consisted of representatives from various disciplines such as law, fire, hospitals, and schools lending to a well-rounded planning process. These entities were invited by EMD to participate in these workshops via OA emailing distribution lists and calendar invites. In addition to these group settings, the Corona Emergency Services Manager had multiple one on one meetings and email correspondence with EMD planning staff. For meetings and correspondence records, please reference OA planning efforts within Appendix A.
2.3 DATES AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
In an effort to involve the residents of Corona in the update process, and to better understand their concerns and opinions regarding hazards threatening their community and the City as a whole, a survey was developed and the 2023 plan was provided for review. To reach many community members, the plan and survey were posted on the City’s website as well as on social media. The post on the Corona Fire Department Facebook page, which contained the survey and plan, reached over 3,527 individuals.
In addition to these efforts, LHMP information and input was given and received at multiple community meetings.
No new hazards outside of the current contents of the 2023 LHMP were identified. For public notice documentation, please see Appendix A.
2.4 PLANS ADOPTED BY RESOLUTION
Upon approval by FEMA, the LHMP will be presented to the City Council in a public meeting for adoption via an Official Resolution.
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CHAPTER 3 – MITIGATION ACTIONS AND UPDATES
3.1 UPDATES FROM 2017 PLAN
The 2023 LHMP update was a complete review and rewrite of many of the sections to align with the four-step planning process and incorporate updated information across the plan. Many of the 2017 LHMP sections were renamed or adjusted in their order within the 2023 update.
Although no new hazards have been identified, the occurrence or severity of some of these hazards has increased, making them a greater mitigation priority than in previous years. Please see section 3.3 for further information on updates since the publication of the 2017 LHMP.
3.2 LIST OF COUNTY AND CITY HAZARDS
The City of Corona is committed to providing protection to residents and businesses from natural and man-made hazards. The City is also committed to coping with and rebuilding from disasters and emergencies in a manner that is efficient, safe, and provides for a quick return to the quality of daily life in Corona. To accomplish this, it is imperative that the City is aware of the hazards it is susceptible to in order to prepare, respond, recover, and mitigate the applicable hazards.
The County of Riverside identified, evaluated, and ranked 23 natural and man-made public safety risks that could have an impact on the health, safety, and social well-being of communities located within it. The rankings were based on severity of damage and probability of occurrence for each risk. The City of Corona then ranked the same 23 hazards and included the top 10 risks in the City’s annex to the Riverside County MJHMP. Identifying the risks posed by these hazards and developing strategies to reduce the impact of these hazards can assist in protecting and preserving life, property, and the environment.
All 23 hazards are not individually addressed in the City of Corona’s annex. For those hazards not expanded upon, the City feels that the County Plan provides adequate information to address the hazard as it relates to the City. Below are two tables, one identifies the 23 identified hazards with their probability and severity rates and the second lists the County and City final ranking of the hazards.
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Figure 3.2.1 – County and City Hazard Rankings
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Figure 3.2.2 – Hazard Probability and Severity Rates
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3.3 NEW HAZARDS OR CHANGES FROM 2017 LHMP
Although no new hazards have been identified from the approval of the 2017 LHMP the occurrence or severity of some of these hazards has increased, making them a greater mitigation priority than in previous years. Examples of these heightened risks include drought, climate change, occurrences of pandemic outbreaks and their associated threats, and the threat and occurrences of both domestic and international terrorist acts.
1. Drought – Drought is a period of unusually constant dry weather that persists long enough to cause deficiencies in the water supply (surface or underground).
Droughts are slow-onset hazards, but over time, they can severely affect crops, municipal water supplies, recreation resources, and wildlife. If drought conditions extend over several years, the direct and indirect economic impacts can be significant. High temperatures, high winds, and low humidity can worsen drought conditions and make areas more susceptible to wildfires. In addition, human actions and demands for water resources can accelerate drought-related impacts.
2. Climate change – Climate change may well be the preeminent challenge of our time and it is already having a significant and measurable impact on California’s environment. These impacts include decreasing spring snowmelt runoff, rising sea levels, shrinking glaciers, increasing wildfires, warming lakes and oceans, and the gradual migration of many plants and animals in higher elevations.
Weather patterns are becoming more variable, causing more severe winter and spring flooding and longer drier droughts. Climate change has already impacted California’s water resources. In the future, warmer temperatures, different patterns of precipitation and runoff, and rising sea levels will profoundly affect the ability to manage water supplies and other natural resources.
3. Pandemic – An influenza pandemic is a global outbreak of a new Influenza A virus. A Novel Influenza A virus is one that has caused human infection but is different from current seasonal human influenza A viruses spreading among people. Novel Influenza A viruses can be viruses that originate in animals that gain the ability to infect humans or human viruses that change significantly to be different from current human seasonal Influenza A viruses. Some Novel Influenza A viruses are believed to pose a greater pandemic threat than others and are more concerning to public health officials because they have caused serious human illness, death, and have been able to spread in a limited manner from person-to-person.
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4. Novel Influenza A viruses are of extra concern because of the potential impact they could have on public health if they gained the ability to spread from personto-person easily, which could potentially trigger a pandemic. There are various subtypes of Avian Influenza A viruses to include H5, H7, H9, H1N1v, H3N2v, and H1N2v, which are currently most concerning to public health officials.
5. The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome. As of January 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic had caused more than 668 million deaths and 6.73 million confirmed deaths, making it one of the deadliest in history.
6. Terrorism – As defined by the FBI, terrorism is "the unlawful use or threatened use of violence committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.” The tactics of terrorism are diverse. The fear of such attacks within the target population is just as important as the actual attacks, making the threat of violence as effective as actual violence. Terrorist tactics tend to favor attacks that avoid effective countermeasures and exploit vulnerabilities.
As such, terrorists have the potential to utilize many different types of tactics both conventional and unconventional. Some of these tactics include shootings, kidnappings, bombings, suicide attacks, bioterrorism, nuclear terrorism, and cyberterrorism. From 2010 to 2023 there have been roughly 40 confirmed domestic terrorist incidents.
3.4 UNIQUE HAZARDS OF THE COUNTY AND CITY
The City of Corona faces a diverse array of potential natural and human caused hazards. As with most cities in the Inland Empire, one of the primary concerns is the impact of a large earthquake in the region. Flood risks are also a real concern with several creeks, washes, channels, and flood zones contained in the planning area of Corona. In addition, the City is nearly surrounded by hills and mountains with the potential and the history of large wildland fires. The shared boundary between the City and the Cleveland National Forest is about 12 miles in length.
The City’s extensive transportation network which includes state highways, public transit, rail lines, and a municipal airport provide additional associated incident risks that may cause severe injuries and/or deaths. They could also cause burns and/or illness due to exposure to fires and/or potential hazardous materials on board. Two major freeways and one railroad transect Corona.
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The Riverside Freeway (SR-91) runs east/west directly north of the City’s center, Interstate 15 (I-15) runs north/south near the eastern edge of the City, and the railroad parallels the SR-91. These corridors are major transportation routes to the economic center of Orange County from the Inland Empire. The Corona Municipal Airport is home to 300-350 general aviation aircraft and is strictly a recreational airport with no commercial flights.
Although small, the airport is extremely active, with approximately 35,000 annual operations. The City's transportation network of roads, freeways, rail lines and airport has been a priority in the City’s planning and mitigation efforts.
Since the original 2005 version of the LHMP was submitted, the City of Corona has experienced 7 federally declared disasters for wildland fires and floods, and a state disaster declaration for high winds. Additionally, 5 major wildland fires occurred in or around the City of Corona that threatened the community. A list of historical disasters for City is included in table 3.4.1.
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Figure 3.4.1 - Historical List of Disasters for City of Corona
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Figure 3.4.1 - Historical List of Disasters for City of Corona (Continued)
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3.5 MITIGATION PROJECT UPDATES
Since the adoption of the 2017 LHMP, the City of Corona has undertaken several measures and completed several projects to lessen the impact of disasters and prevent the loss of life and property. Some of these mitigation actions are identified in table
3.5.1.
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Figure 3.5.1 – Mitigation Projects Completed
Hazard Type Project Description Status
All Incorporated 2012 Approved Local Hazard Mitigation Plan with City of Corona General Plan Complete
Fire, Water Supply
Disruption
Updated Booster Station buildings to current fire standards (Kraft Ranch, Montana Ranch,SDO, Maybe Canyon,Eagle Glen, Harlin Hills)
Complete
Fire Purchased 6 portable booster stations for emergency fire response
Complete
Earthquake
All above ground steel storage reservoirs were evaluated to ensure proper venting in the event of an earthquake.
Modifications were made where needed.
Complete
Earthquake, Electrical
Failure
Installation of emergency generators for 3 groundwater well sites. Complete
Electrical Failure,
Emergent Disease
Contamination
Emergency generators installed at all lift stations, plus a portable sewage lift station for emergency bypass Complete Flood Annual maintenance service on storm drains Complete Flood Construction of Main St storm drain. Alleviate flooding from 11th to 8th St. Complete
Flood Construction of Harris storm drain. Alleviate flooding on 6th St and apartments of 5th St.. Complete
Water Supply/
Contamination
Converted out of service well to a triple-nested monitoring well. Will increase local ground water supply. Complete Water Supply Disruption/
Contamination
Replaced 4,700 feet of 6 and 8 inch waterlines with 12 inch Ductile Iron Waterline pipe Complete
Flood Cota Channel restoration Complete
Terrorism
Became members of the BioWatch Program - BioWatch
provides early detection of biological agents in the air used for a bioterrorism attack
Complete
Terrorism
Corona PD & Fire established a Tactical Response to Violent Incidents Team and adopted the RCFCA Standard Operating Guidelines
Complete
Pandemic Flu
Partnered with Riverside County Public Health with the
development and implementation of the City of Corona
Pandemic Influenza Plan
Complete
HazMat, Transportation
Failure, Fire
2013 complete update to Hazardous Material Area Plan - to assist in the prevention or mitigation of damage from the release or threatened release of hazardous materials.
Complete
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Hazard Type Project Description Status
Water Supply Disruption/
Drought
2015 complete update to the Urban Water Management Plan - conservation and efficient water use Complete
Water Supply Disruption/
Drought
Instituted multiple residential water conservation programs, resulting in a nearly 20% reduction over the declared drought period
Complete
Flood/Water Supply
Contamination
2017 complete update to Sewer System Management Plan -
preventative maintenance, schedule, response plan Complete Transportation Failure 2012 development of Neighborhood Traffic Management Program Complete
Transportation Failure 2014 development of Corona Municipal Airport Emergency Plan Complete
Climate Change/Drought,
Emergent Disease
2012 developed the City of Corona Climate Action Plan - reduce GHG emissions Complete
Fire 2015 implementation of a Suppression Inspection Action Plan - facilitates the completion of hazard reduction inspections Complete HazMat, Fire
Contracted with G & G Environmental to ensure all on-site hazardous material inspections were completed within
required timeframe.
Complete
Communications
Failure/Fire
2015 complete update to the SOLAR - Multi-County Mutual Threat Zone Guide Complete
Communications
Failure/Fire
2015 update to the Corona Fire Radio Guide - Internal and external agency communications Complete
All
Fire Department Annual Master Training Plan - improves the safety and performance of Department's members in order for them to prevent or minimize loss of life, damage to the environment and loss of property.
Complete
All
2015 update to the Corona Fire Department Emergency
Medical Services Quality Improvement Program - delivery of consistent, high quality, compassionate pre-hospital patient care.
Complete
All
Police Department Annual Master Training Plan - improves the safety and performance of Department's members in order for them to prevent or minimize loss of life, damage to the environment and loss of property.
Complete
All 2017 implementation of the new Emergency Medical Dispatch Program - delivery of pre arrival medical direction Complete Figure 3.5.1 – Mitigation Projects Completed (Continued)
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CHAPTER 4.0 – HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
4.1 CRITICAL FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
A critical facility can be defined as one that is essential in providing utility or direction either during the response to an emergency or during the recovery operation. An inventory of critical facilities in the City of Corona is included in figures 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
Figure 4.1.1 – Critical Facilities for City of Corona 2023 Critical Facilities Type Number
Public Safety Dispatch 1
Emergency Operations Center 1
City Services 2
Fire Stations 7
Water Reservoirs 15
Water Treatment Plants 3
Wastewater Treatment Plants 3
Hospitals 2
Police Facility 1
Maintenance Yards 1
Senior Care 26
Schools 44
Radio Repeaters 7
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Figure 4.1.2 Critical Facilities Map for City of Corona
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4.2 ESTIMATING POTENTIAL LOSS
The most vulnerable structures in the City are downtown, the Fire Station, City Hall, Cabot’s Pueblo Museum, and other unreinforced structures. These facilities are the weakest in the city. A major earthquake the proximity to the San Andreas Fault would also cause damage to any of these facilities due to their proximity to the San Andreas Fault.
4.3 TABLE OF REPLACEMENT VALUES
Figure 4.3.1 – Assets Table/Replacement Value for City of Corona
4.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES
The County of Riverside identified, evaluated, and ranked 23 natural and humaninduced public safety risks that could have an impact on the health, safety, and social well-being of the community. The ranking was based on severity of damage and probability of occurrence for each risk. The City of Corona then ranked the same 23 hazards and included the top 10 risks in the City’s annex to the Riverside County MJHMP. Below are the top 10 hazards in order of ranking. For a complete list of hazards, their probability and severity see Figure 3.2.1.
Name of Asset Replacement
Value ($)
Occupancy/
Capacity #
Hazard Specific
Info.
City Hall $45,094,961 N/A Unsecured
Perimeter
Fire Stations (7) $25,200,000 N/A Unsecured
Perimeters
Police Department $15,154,127 N/A Proximity to railroad Proximity to large
diameter gas line
Proximity to the
desalinization plant
Flight Path of
Corona Airport
Flood Zone
Emergency Operations Center $15,976,093 N/A Proximity to railroad
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1. Earthquake
The City of Corona is seismically active, as is most of Southern California. Several known active or potentially active faults are in and around Corona.
The Elsinore Fault Zone is the closest major fault system to the City and one of the largest in Southern California. Historically, the Elsinore Fault Zone has also been one of the least active systems. At its northern end, near the City, the Elsinore Fault Zone splays into two segments, the Chino-Central Avenue Fault and the Whittier Fault. Along the southwestern portion of the City, the Elsinore Fault Zone is referred to as the Glen Ivy Fault. For more information on the faults zone around the city, please reference Figure 4.4.1.
Ground surface rupture due to active faulting is considered possible in the western portion of the City where known active or potentially active faults are mapped.
Geological evidence indicates that the Glen Ivy Fault and portions of the Whittier Fault are active and that the Chino-Central Avenue Fault is potentially active.
Historically, the Corona region has generally not been affected by a major, destructive earthquake. However, based on a search of earthquake databases of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center, several major earthquakes (magnitude 6.0 or more) have been recorded within approximately 100 kilometers of the City since 1769.
The City’s General Plan Public Health and Safety Element has identified various implementation programs with respect to fault rupture and other geologic disturbances. These programs specify various requirements including that detailed geologic investigations are to be conducted in conformance with guidelines of the California Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) for all construction of transportation infrastructure in an Alquist-Priolo Special Study Zone and for construction of essential facilities within 200 feet of an active fault or potentially active fault. They also state that field information is to be developed as part of any California Environment Quality Act (CEQA) investigations and geologic reports by the City and/or County geologists should be kept current and accessible for use in report preparation, geologic reviews, and policy development.
Additionally, the City’s General Plan Public Health and Safety Element has identified various implementation programs to be carried out by the City and/or County affecting seismic safety of critical facilities.
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These programs include detailed site studies for faults are to be conducted as background to the design process for critical facilities under City and county discretionary approval as well as existing critical facilities are to be reviewed for any significant siting, design, or construction problems that would make them vulnerable in the event of an earthquake. The findings shall be incorporated into Emergency Operations Plans (EOPs) as well as addressed in longer-term programs of facilities upgrading or relocation unless satisfactorily demonstrated that a building setback from an active or potentially active fault will not adversely impact public health, safety, and welfare. New facilities deemed essential shall not be located within 200 feet of an active fault or potentially active fault. (See Riverside County OA MJHMP Section 4.0)
2. Wildland/Urban Fire
The combination of population density, weather, and growing residential and commercial development presents a potential year-round threat of conflagration.
However, late spring through early fall months is commonly referred to as the “fire season.”
The City of Corona is nearly surrounded by hills and mountains with the potential and the history of large wildland fires. To the south, the City sits at the base of the Santa Ana mountain range, and borders against the Cleveland National Forest. The shared boundary between the City and the Forest is about 12 miles in length. The fuels are heavy brush with oaks, sycamore and pines on the slopes and drainages.
Residential structures are immediately adjacent to this forest area throughout the entire boundary. Some are newer constructions with good clearances, and some are much older with less clearance.
The western portion of the City sits at the base of Prado Dam which is the headwater for the Santa Ana River Canyon. The Santa Ana Canyon’s steep topography and East-West alignment serve as a wind funnel. The geography increases the wind’s speed and magnifies the effects of fire on the available fuel bed, contributing to the rapid rate of fire spread. The northern side of this canyon comprises primarily light flashy fuels due to frequent burning and fuel typeconversion, and the southern side comprises primarily of heavy brush. There is a significant fire history in this canyon area. The 91 Freeway parallels the Santa Ana River throughout the canyon. There are areas of development where structures sit adjacent to wildland areas throughout the western areas of the City.
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The northwest area of the City sits in the Prado Basin behind the Prado Dam and there are several developments that adjoin some heavy fuels.
The northeast area sits in the Corona Hills, and developments are built up to and on top of the hills. These hills comprise primarily of light flashy fuels due to frequent burning and type-conversion.
The eastern edge of the City is bordered by hills and Eagle Valley. This area has not been developed and is comprised of light flashy fuels due to frequent burning and type-conversion. Fires occur frequently, but there is very little structural threat.
In addition to interface areas within the City Limits, many of these areas also have significant residential development in unincorporated areas that are immediately adjacent to the City.
Over the years, there have been several significant fires, many of sizeable acreage, within the City or areas just outside its borders. Many of these fires have resulted in destroyed and damaged structures. There have been six state declarations for wildfire in Riverside County since the last LHMP update in 2017, and 34 federal declarations for Riverside County for wildfires, since 1990.
Weather
Weather patterns combined with certain geographic locations can create a favorable climate for wildfire activity. Areas where annual precipitation is less than 30 inches per year are extremely fire susceptible. High risk areas in Southern California share a hot, dry season in late summer and early fall when high temperatures and low humidity favor fire activity. The frequent occurrence of 40-50 mile per hour Santa Ana or foehn winds, coupled with temperatures more than 90 degrees, relative humidity of 20 percent or less and dense and extremely dry ground cover in inaccessible mountain or canyon areas causes the kinds of wildland fires Southern California experiences every year.
Topography
Topography has considerable effect on wildland fire behavior and on the ability of firefighters and their equipment to take action to suppress those fires.
Simply because of topography, a fire starting in the bottom of a canyon may expand quickly to the ridge top before initial attack forces can arrive. Rough topography greatly limits road construction, road standards, and accessibility by ground equipment.
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Steep topography also channels airflow, creating extremely erratic winds on leeward slopes and in canyons. Water supply for fire protection to structures at higher elevations is frequently dependent on pumping units. The source of power for such units is usually from overhead distribution lines, which are subject to destruction by wildland fires.
Vegetation
A key to effective fire control and the successful accommodation of fire in wildland management is the understanding of fire and its environment. Fire environment is the complex of fuel, topographic, and air mass factors that influence the inception, growth, and behavior of a fire. The topography and weather components are, for all practical purposes, beyond man’s control, but it is a different story with fuels, which can be controlled before the outbreak of fires. In terms of future urban expansion, finding new ways to control and understand these fuels can lead to possible fire reduction.
Of these different vegetation types, coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and grasslands reach some degree of flammability during the dry summer months and, under certain conditions, during the winter months.
For example, as chaparral gets older, twigs and branches within the plants die and are held in place. A stand of brush 10- to 20- years of age usually has enough dead material to produce rates of spread about the same as in grass fires when the fuels have dried out. In severe drought years, additional plant material may die, contributing to the fuel load.
Wildfire Characteristics
There are three categories of interface fire: The classic wildland/urban interface exists where well-defined urban and suburban development presses up against open expanses of wildland areas; the mixed wildland/urban interface is characterized by isolated homes, subdivisions and small communities situated predominantly in wildland settings; and the occluded wildland/urban interface exists where islands of wildland vegetation occur inside a largely urbanized area. Certain conditions must be present for significant interface fires to occur. The most common conditions include hot, dry and windy weather; the inability of fire protection forces to contain or suppress the fire; the occurrence of multiple fires that overwhelm committed resources; and a large fuel load (dense vegetation). Once a fire has started, several conditions influence its behavior, including fuel, topography, weather, drought and development. Southern California has two distinct areas of risk for wildland fire: the foothills and lower mountain areas which are most often
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covered with scrub brush or chaparral and the higher elevations of mountains with heavily forested terrain.
Wildfire Hazard Areas
The State of California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) is required by law to periodically map areas of significant fire hazards based on history, fuels, terrain, weather, and other relevant factors that influence fire potential and behavior. The fire hazard areas are delineated into zones known as Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ) that influence the construction of buildings and property protection to reduce the risks associated with wildland fires. In addition to areas of state responsibility, the map also displays areas where local governments have financial responsibility for wildland fire protection depicting moderate, high and very high delineations.
The Corona Fire Department collaborated with CAL FIRE in the development of our local Fire Hazard Severity Zone map. The Fire Chief approved the map on May 1, 2010, and it was adopted by the Corona City Council on May 19, 2010. See Figure 4.2.2 – Fire Hazard Zones.
The Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map will be used for:
Implementing wildland-urban interface building standards for new construction using the 2007 California Building Code, Section 7A (Wildland-Urban Interface).
Natural hazard real estate disclosure at the time of sale. One-hundred-foot defensible space clearance requirements around buildings.
Property development standards such as road widths, water supply and signage.
Reference for City and County General Plans.
3. Electrical Failure
Corona's electric utility was established on April 4, 2001, by City Council Resolution No. 2001-25 in response to state-wide rolling blackouts and electric price instability. The electric utility provides fully bundled electric service to City owned and operated facilities and eight areas within the City. It also provides energy delivery services to municipal and commercial customers within the City.
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Corona's electric utility was established on April 4, 2001, by City Council Resolution No. 2001-25 in response to state-wide rolling blackouts and electric price instability. The electric utility provides fully bundled electric service to City owned and operated facilities and eight areas within the City. It also provides energy delivery services to municipal and commercial customers within the City.
The current lack of back-up electricity at the City’s well sites leaves the City and its residents vulnerable to water service interruptions in the event of an electrical power failure. The Corona Department of Water and Power is responsible for the provision of water to more than 40,000 service connections. Currently, approximately half of the City's water is imported (via the Metropolitan Water District) and the other half is produced via local groundwater wells. Most (add %) of the City's groundwater wells do not have back-up generator power. This critical water source has great potential to be compromised by a power failure. A lack of pumping capability could interrupt water supply and delivery to thousands of residents. A power failure could deeply affect water supplies to residents, hospitals, and other essential facilities.
The loss of potable water is one of the most devastating effects from a natural disaster and can have long-term and lethal impacts. The lack of drinking water quickly leads to water-borne illness and dehydration and these conditions disproportionately affect the elderly, young and infirm.
The City’s above ground power lines are susceptible to the high winds that pass through the City. The potential for arcing lines causing sparks to drop onto buildings or brush is a hazard that the utility department continues to address, however there have been few major fires caused by this type of event. In addition to the overhead lines, there is a potential for events relating to underground vaults and power lines. These vaults and lines are susceptible to flooding during heavy rains as well as being broken by contractors digging in the streets and on property where underground utilities are used. (See Riverside County OA MJHMP Section 4.0)
4. Terrorist Event
Terrorism, as defined by the FBI, is "the unlawful use of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in the furtherance of political or social objectives.
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The tactics of terrorism are diverse. As important as the actual attacks is the cultivation in the target population of the fear of such attacks, so that the threat of violence becomes as effective as actual violence. Terrorist tactics tend to favor attacks that avoid effective countermeasures and exploit vulnerabilities.
As such, terrorists have the potential to utilize many different types of tactics both conventional and unconventional. Some of these tactics include shootings, kidnappings, bombings, suicide attacks, bioterrorism, agroterrorism, nuclear terrorism, and cyberterrorism. From 2010 to 2022 there have been roughly 40 confirmed domestic terrorist incidents (See Riverside County OA MJHMP Section 4.0)
5. Water Supply Disruption/Contamination
The Corona Department of Water and Power is responsible for the provision of water, serving approximately 150,000 customers. Currently, approximately half of the City's water is imported (via the Metropolitan Water District) and the other half is produced via local groundwater wells. Most of the City's groundwater wells do not have back-up generator power. This critical water source has great potential to be compromised by a power failure. A lack of pumping capability could interrupt water supply and delivery to thousands of residents. A power failure could deeply affect water supplies to residents, hospitals, and other essential facilities. The loss of potable water is one of the most devastating effects from a natural disaster and can have long-term and lethal impacts.
The lack of drinking water quickly leads to water-borne illness and dehydration and these conditions disproportionately affect the elderly, young and infirm.
In addition, water reservoir failure could critically impair the City's fire fighting capabilities. The Corona Fire Department currently uses potable water for fighting fires.
Plans are in place for the recycled water to be utilized as new infrastructure is constructed and more water is treated for recycled use. However, city-wide availability of recycled water for firefighting is several years away.
On June 4, 2008, the Governor of the State of California proclaimed a condition of statewide drought and strongly encouraged local agencies to take aggressive, immediate action to reduce water consumption and prepare for potentially worsening conditions. Once again, conditions worsened and on January 17, 2014, California State Governor, Jerry Brown, declared a drought state of emergency. On April 17, 2017, Brown issued Executive Order B-40-17, officially ending the drought state of emergency in all California counties except Fresno, Kings, Tulare, and Tuolumne.
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During these times the City of Corona adopted, implemented, and enforced water conservation programs to reduce the quantity of water used by consumers within the City to ensure that there was sufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection. The City was diligent in conserving water, resulting in a nearly 20% reduction in Corona over the declared drought period.
The City is authorized to declare a water shortage emergency to prevail within its jurisdiction when it finds and determines that the City will not be able to or cannot satisfy the ordinary demands and requirements of water consumers without depleting the water supply of the City to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection.
6. Flood
Several creeks, washes, channels, and flood zones are contained in the Planning area of Corona. Areas of the City adjacent to the Santa Ana River, Temescal Creek and Mabey Canyon Wash are designated as Flood Zone A, which indicates the area is inundated by one percent annual chance flooding. Portions of the Planning Area surrounding the Temescal Wash, Main Street Wash, and the Arlington Channel have been designated as Flood Zone X500, which is inundated by 0.2 percent annual chance flooding. Other portions of the Planning Area are either designated as Flood Zone D, which is an area with undetermined possible flood hazards, or Flood Zone X, which lies outside the one percent and 0.2 percent annual chance flood plains. See Figure 4.7.2 – Flood Zones.
Several creeks, washes, channels, and flood zones are contained in the Planning area of Corona. Areas of the City adjacent to the Santa Ana River, Temescal Creek and Mabey Canyon Wash are designated as Flood Zone A, which indicates the area is inundated by one percent annual chance flooding.
Portions of the Planning Area surrounding the Temescal Wash, Main Street Wash, and the Arlington Channel have been designated as Flood Zone X500, which is inundated by 0.2 percent annual chance flooding. Other portions of the Planning Area are either designated as Flood Zone D, which is an area with undetermined possible flood hazards, or Flood Zone X, which lies outside the one percent and 0.2 percent annual chance flood plains. See Figure 4.7.2 – Flood Zones.
Temescal Wash has the highest flooding potential in the Corona Planning Area. Due to the size of the Temescal Watershed and the amount of rainfall received, several peak discharges have been recorded.
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Based on the stream gauge analysis data obtained from Flood Insurance Study dated September 30, 1992, the peak discharges for the 500-year, 100-year, and 10-year are 110,000 cfs (cubic feet per second), 25,000 cfs, 11,000 cfs, and 2,000cfs, respectively, for the 164-square mile watershed. These discharges are obtained from the Flood Insurance Study Report for Stream Gauge No. 11-720 near Corona above the 3M plant location.
The peak discharges are determined from the stream gauge data analysis, which is based on clear flow and existing conditions.
The Planning Area has experienced major flooding during periods of heavy runoff. The 1969 flooding in Temescal Wash caused extensive damage, which was determined to be higher than 100-year storm levels. Major flooding in the Planning Area could occur along the Temescal Wash and in west Corona, and storm sheet flows would produce a variety of damage depending upon the location. This sheet flow would be the result of overflows from the Oak Street Channel, Lincoln Avenue drain, Main Street Channel, Buena Vista drain, and Taylor Avenue drain. Other significant flooding areas are found along the open channel facilities near the City Yard. These facilities are determined to be inadequate for the 2-year storm event.
Several flood control projects including the Main Street Channel and Arlington Channel have been built in the Planning Area to help lessen the severity of heavy flooding.
The City of Corona participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), as administered through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Consequently, property owners can purchase Federal Flood Insurance.
In turn, the City of Corona has identified flood hazard areas and protective controls, including land use planning measures to reduce the potential risk of flood damage to property and loss of human life. (See Riverside County OA MJHMP Section 4.0)
7. Emergent Disease/Contamination
Infectious diseases have for centuries ranked wars and famine as major challenges to human progress and survival. They remain among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Against a constant background of established infections, epidemics of new and old infectious diseases periodically emerge, greatly magnifying the global burden of infections. Studies of these emerging infections reveal the evolutionary properties of pathogenic microorganisms and the dynamic relationships between microorganisms, their hosts and the environment.
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Climate change may well be the pre-eminent challenge of our time and it is already having a significant and measurable impact on California’s environment.
Climatic factors influence the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases, in addition to multiple human, biological, and ecological determinants.
Climatologists have identified upward trends in global temperatures and now estimate an unprecedented rise of 2.0°C by the year 2100. Of major concern is that these changes can affect the introduction and dissemination of many serious infectious diseases.
The incidence of mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue, and viral encephalitis, are among those diseases most sensitive to climate. Climate change would directly affect disease transmission by shifting the vector's geographic range and increasing reproductive and biting rates and by shortening the pathogen incubation period. Climate-related increases in sea surface temperature and sea level can lead to higher incidence of water-borne infectious and toxin-related illnesses, such as cholera and shellfish poisoning. Human migration and damage to health infrastructures from the projected increase in climate variability could indirectly contribute to disease transmission. Human susceptibility to infections might be further compounded by malnutrition due to climate stress on agriculture and potential alterations in the human immune system caused by increased flux of ultraviolet radiation.
8. Transportation Failure
The City of Corona’s extensive transportation network which includes state highways, public transit, rail lines, and municipal airport provide additional associated incident risks that may cause severe injuries and/or deaths. Two major freeways and one railroad transect Corona. The Riverside Freeway (SR-91) runs east/west directly north of the City’s center, Interstate 15 (I-15) runs north/south near the eastern edge of the City.
Along with the potential for death and injuries from large-scale motor vehicle accidents, there is the potential for hazardous material spills or fires as numerous commercial transportation vehicles travel the highways and freeways with various types and quantities of hazardous materials.
The BNSF Railroad parallels SR-91, it is a strictly commercial freight transportation system. Large quantities and numerous types of hazardous materials are transported through Corona by rail daily.
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These corridors are major transportation routes to the economic center of Orange County from the Inland Empire. The primary hazard with rail service has not been any train vs. train or track derailments. There continues to be a large number of train v. vehicle or train v. pedestrian accidents in the City.
These accidents have caused both traffic and rail service delays. The danger with these types of accidents is that they can create train derailments or accidents when the train impacts with a vehicle or when the train engineer attempts to stop the train quickly.
The Corona Municipal Airport is home to 350-400 general aviation aircraft and is strictly a recreational airport with no commercial flights. Although small, the airport is extremely active, with approximately 50,000 annual operations. The City's transportation network of roads, freeways, rail lines and airport has been a priority in the city’s planning and mitigation efforts.
A Traffic Safety Plan has been implemented for the management of traffic events that occur in the City. Public Works, Police, and Fire have identified routes through the city to mitigate traffic issues that might occur. Command Posts, staging areas and other aspects of Incident Command have been addressed in the Traffic Safety Plan.
9. Communication Failure
One of the most immediate and significant impacts of disasters is the sudden and widescale breakdown or interruption of communications infrastructure.
When public communication networks fail, the impact can be widely felt and can wipe out access to standard mobile or landline telecommunications, in addition to Internet, fiber-optic cables, and even satellite-based emergency communication devices.
Whether these systems are completely or just partially knocked offline, communications systems during a disaster can be the difference between life and death for those affected. Locating those who may be trapped or injured becomes nearly impossible for emergency responders, and rescue efforts are further complicated by the inability to coordinate via standard methods of communication.
In addition to disruptions caused by physical damage you will more than likely encounter network congestion. When disaster strikes, the “pipes” that make up our communications networks often become congested with exceptionally high levels of data traffic, as those impacted seek to contact family and friends, emergency personnel work to coordinate relief efforts, and hundreds more upload pictures and videos of the damage.
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Aggregation hubs are often the failure point for congested networks. This occurs when data from several smaller sources flows into a central processing point and creates bottlenecks. When this happens, communication can be severely limited or cut off completely.
Consequences from these communication infrastructure failures can greatly affect emergency response and lead to the spread of false information and confusion.
10. Pandemic Flu
An influenza pandemic is a global outbreak of a new influenza A virus. A novel influenza A virus is one that has caused human infection but is different from current seasonal human influenza A viruses spreading among people. Novel influenza A viruses can be viruses that originate in animals that gain the ability to infect humans or human viruses that change significantly to be different from current human seasonal influenza A viruses. Some novel flu A viruses are believed to pose a greater pandemic threat than others and are more concerning to public health officials because they have caused serious human illness and death and have been able to spread in a limited manner from person-to-person. Novel influenza A viruses are of extra concern because of the potential impact they could have on public health if they gained the ability to spread from person-to-person easily, triggering a pandemic.
Three subtypes of avian influenza A viruses H5, H7 and H9, along with variant viruses H1N1v, H3N2v and H1N2v are currently most concerning to public health officials. In September 2009, the H1N1 influenza received worldwide attention as a threat to public health. Cases of death related to the H1N1 flu surfaced first in Riverside County, as the illness spread throughout the State as well as the Nation. The City was not exempt and had cases emerge at local schools. Conference calls with the County Health Officer, local government and school officials, and emergency managers helped the City to prepare for the threat of a pandemic emergency. Subsequently, the City of Corona took measures to mitigate and adopted a Plan for Pandemic emergencies. (See Riverside County OA MJHMP Section 4.0)
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Figure 4.4.1 – Earthquake Fault Zones for City of Corona
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Figure 4.4.2 – Flood Zones for City of Corona
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Figure 4.4.3 – Fire Hazard Zones for City of Corona
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SECTION 5.0 – COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM
5.1 REPETITIVE LOSS PROPERTIES
The National Flood Insurance Program's (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements.
As a result, flood insurance premium rates are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from the community actions meeting the three goals of the CRS:
1. Reduce flood losses.
2. Facilitate accurate insurance rating; and
3. Promote the awareness of flood insurance.
5.2 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROPERTIES
The City of Corona has participated in the National Flood Insurance Program since 1978.
a. Describe participation in NFIP, including any changes since previously approved plan. Corona’s recent activity related to NFIP includes updated Riverside County Flood Insurance Study and digitized Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) on August 28, 2008. City of Corona Floodplain Management Ordinance updated on December 3, 2008.
b. Date first joined NFIP - May 15, 1978
c. Identify actions related to continued compliance with NFIP – Corona Floodplain Management Ordinance was updated in 2008 to meet the minimum NFIP requirements pursuant to Title 44 Code of Federal Regulations Sections 59,
60.3-60.6, and 65.3 and the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Model Ordinance. The Public Works Department reviews development permit applications and plans to ensure they are following our Ordinances and requires map revisions as necessary and maintains records such as elevation certificates, Letters of Map Changes, and Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) for public availability. The Community Services and Public Works Department investigate violations and issue enforcement orders to bring developments in compliance with City Ordinances.
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d. CRS member – No
e. CRS class – n/a
f. Describe any data used to regulate flood hazard area other than FEMA mapsRiverside County Flood Insurance Study issued August 28, 2008; Drainage studies used to support CLOMR and LOMR issuance.
g. Have there been issues with community participation in the program? No h. What are the general hurdles for effective implementation of the NFIP? Funding for updating outdated drainage studies and for performing new studies in previously unstudied flood hazard areas.
i. Summarize actions related to continued compliance with NFIP –See item Above.
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SECTION 6.0 - CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENT
The City’s ability to reduce hazards by improving upon existing mitigation strategies or implementing newly identified mitigation strategies, include it’s legal and regulatory authorities, administrative, technical, and fiscal capabilities, and imperative to the success of all these strategies, are its continuous outreach, education, and partnership building capabilities.
6.1 REGULATORY MITIGATION CAPABILITIES
The City formally adopts, reviews, and updates regulatory policies and plans, along with implementing regulations such as zoning and subdivision ordinances. The City partners and coordinates with Riverside County Operational Area to ensure we are apprised of all regional efforts, and adhere to State and Federal mandates.
The hazard mitigation plan update process provides the City with an opportunity to review, evaluate, and expand on existing policies, plans, and city programs. Figure 6.1.1. is an example of regulatory capabilities that assist the City in mitigation strategies.
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Figure 6.1.1 Regulatory Mitigation Capabilities for City of Corona
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6.2 ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL MITIGATION CAPABILITIES The figure below shows City personnel responsible for activities related to hazard mitigation. Expertise is used in hazard mitigation identification, planning and strategies, and where information is shared across various City plans.
Figure 6.2.1 Administrative and Technical Mitigation Capabilities for Corona
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6.3 FISCAL MITIGATION CAPABILITIES
The figure below identifies financial tools and resources the City could potentially use to help fund mitigation activities. City continually identifies potential Federal and State grant opportunities to supplement mitigation financial capabilities. See Section 6.5 Funding Opportunities.
Figure 6.3.1 - Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities for City of Corona Financial Resources
Accessible/Eligible
to Use (Yes/No) Comments
Community Development Block
Grants
Yes Depending on budget &
grantor approval
Capital improvements project
funding
Yes Depending on available
budget
Authority to levy taxes for
specific purposes
Yes With voter/city council
approval
Fees for water, sewer, gas, or
electric services
Yes With voter/city council
approval
Impact fees for new
development
Yes With city council
approval
Incur debt through general
obligation bonds
Yes With voter/city council
approval
Incur debt through special tax
bonds
Yes With voter/city council
approval
Incur debt through private
activities
No With voter/city council
approval
Withhold spending in hazard
prone areas
n/a With voter/city council
approval
6.4 MITIGATION OUTREACH AND PARTNERSHIPS
The City of Corona has an active emergency preparedness, education, and outreach program. Mitigation strategies are taught throughout the year at various community events, fairs, schools, businesses, and other functions. The greatest outreach efforts are being conducted through our CERT Program.
We coordinate with local profit, non-profit, volunteer, and special district entities, such as the school district, the hospital, and the American Red Cross in addition to our Operational Area partners and their volunteer organizations, to plan for and participant in all hazards joint training and exercises. The vast array of knowledge and resources these entities bring to the table greatly improves our emergency management capabilities.
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An example of these coordinated planning and training efforts is our city’s participation in the regional mass care and shelter planning as we incorporate planning for access and functional needs individuals. In addition, the city has designated cooling and warming centers to utilize during severe weather emergencies, when the establishment of a shelter is not necessary.
One of the most successful systems used to improve upon and augment our City’s capabilities and resources is our participation and partnership in the various mutual aid systems. Our Police and Fire Departments participate in mutual aid agreements in the event the City’s forces are stretched beyond their capabilities. California Emergency Management Agency coordinates the Emergency Management Assistance Act for the response of emergency management resources to assist in the management of emergencies and disasters. Our Corona Department of Water and Power participates in Cal WARN and the local ERNIE water resource mutual aid organizations. The City manages emergencies under the National Incident Management System (NIMS) which utilizes the Master Mutual Aid concept.
6.5 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES
In addition to the fiscal capabilities identified in figure 6.3.1 – Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities for City of Corona, some of the greatest funding opportunities come in the form of State and Federal grants, such as the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program.
The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) is authorized by Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended (the Stafford Act), Title 42, United States Code (U.S.C.) 5170c. The key purpose of HMGP is to ensure that the opportunities to take critical mitigation measures to reduce the risk of loss of life and property from future disasters are not lost during the reconstruction process following a disaster. HMGP is available, when authorized under a Presidential major disaster declaration, in the areas of the State requested by the Governor. The amount of HMGP funding available to the Applicant is based upon the total Federal assistance to be provided by FEMA for disaster recovery under the Presidential major disaster declaration.
The City of Corona applies for various grants to augment our mitigation financial capabilities. Examples of successful grants awarded to the City to assist in our mitigation efforts are as follows.
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1. The city applied for and received a grant award from the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Flood Emergency Response Projects – Statewide Grant Round Two. The grant provided funding for the city to prepare the Flood Emergency Response Plan, develop, and conduct a tabletop and functional training exercise to test the plan and prepare the city and other participating agencies for flood response (a flood in the city can be caused by both a storm event and dam failure). The plan development is underway and will be completed in December 2018.
2. The city applied for and was awarded Hazard Mitigation Grant Program #4653-307-01R funding for a hydro-seeding project in the burn scar of the 2017 Canyon Fire. The approved activity is to hydro-seed 200,000 square feet of fire damaged area behind a residential area bordering 48 homes and infrastructure using an endemic mixture of California Native Species. The reestablishment of ground cover will assist in the prevention of or lessening the effects of erosion, flash flooding and debris flow. This project was completed by October 2018
SECTION 7.0 - MITIGATION STRATEGIES
7.1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The City of Corona coordinated through the Riverside County Emergency Management Department and other multiple cities and agencies throughout Riverside County in the creation/update of the LHMP. The cooperation and discussions both in regional meetings, community outreach, and internal meetings allowed a global perspective and local jurisdictional perspective to identify additional exposures and hazards within Corona.
Goal 1: Reduce loss of life and injuries.
Objective 1.1: Provide timely notification and direction to the public in preparation for and response to imminent and potential hazards.
Objective 1.2: Protect public health and safety through mitigation, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the effects of natural, technological, or man-made disasters.
Objective 1.3: Reduce hazard impacts and protect life, property, and the environment from damage.
Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
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Objective 2.1: Encourage new development to occur in locations that avoid or minimize exposure to hazards.
Objective 2.2: Reduce hazard related property losses by enforcing strong building, fire, and municipal codes.
Objective 2.3: Reduce repetitive losses for fire, flood, and earthquakes by encouraging protective measures and by anticipating future events.
Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities, and services through the implementation of mitigation strategies.
Objective 2.5: Continue to strengthen land use regulations in high hazard areas.
Goal 3: Protect the environment
Objective 3.1: Mitigate the impact of recurring drought conditions that impact both ground water supply and the agricultural industry.
Objective 3.2: Protect the environment from hazardous material releases or exposures.
Objective 3.3: Protect the environment from sewage, wastewater, and storm water pollution or contamination.
Goal 4: Improve coordination and collaboration with City Departments and partnering agencies throughout all phases of emergency management.
Objective 4.1: Coordinate with County EMD, Cal OES, and FEMA to ensure SEMS/NIMS compliancy and to ensure any updates or changes are instituted.
Objective 4.2: Improve City’s ability for continuity of operations for all hazard incidents.
Objective 4.3: Incorporate mitigation related activities into other disaster planning mechanisms, such as the General Plan and Capital Improvement Plan.
Objective 4.4: Participate in Operational Area meetings, committees, and exercises.
Goal 5: Improve Community and Agency Awareness
Objective 5.1: Improve mitigation and hazard related outreach to the public, businesses, and other stakeholders to increase their
understanding of the various types, locations and effects of hazards and vulnerabilities, and actions they can take to reduce those hazard impacts.
Objective 5.2: Improve, standardize, and expand the emergency preparedness education and outreach program.
7.2 MITIGATION ACTIONS
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The City of Corona identified the following mitigation actions to be taken based on the Goals and Objectives established, pertinent to the hazard ranking assessment.
These actions are in addition to the on-going mitigation strategies identified in Section
7.3 and the projects to be completed in the comprehensive Five-Year Capital Improvement Program (CIP), which provides for the maintenance and improvement of the City’s infrastructure.
The following mitigation projects have been identified by the responsible city department, scheduled and a funding mechanism has been allocated. 1) Goal 4: Improve coordination and collaboration with City Departments and partnering agencies throughout all phases of emergency management.
Objective 4.2: Improve City’s ability for continuity of operations for all hazard incidents.
Action: Enhance communication interoperability by purchasing Harris Unity Radios; these radios will operate on the Public Safety Enterprise Communications
10. Responsible Dept: Police Department
Mitigated Hazard: Communications Failure
Status: In progress
Funding: FY 17 State Homeland Security Program
2) Goal 1: Reduce loss of life and injury.
Objective 1.1: A Provide timely notification and direction to the public in preparation for and response to imminent and potential hazards.
Action: Replace/upgrade current Computer Aided Dispatch system which has been in place for over 30 years.
Responsible Dept: Police Department
Mitigated Hazard: All
Status: In progress will be completed in January 2023.
Funding: City General Fund
3) Goal 3: Protect the environment.
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Objective 3.2: Protect the environment from hazardous material releases or exposures.
Action: The 2021 Hazardous Materials Area Plan was updated in coordination with Riverside County Environmental Health to assist in the prevention or mitigation of damage from the release or threatened release of hazardous materials.
Responsible Dept: Fire Department
Mitigated Hazard: HazMat, Fire
Status: Updates to the plan have been completed and it is with the State for review. The approved plan will be taken to the Council for formal adoption in October 2018.
Funding: City General Fund
4) Goal 1: Reduce loss of life and injuries.
Objective 1.3: Reduce hazard impacts and protect life, property, and the environment from damage.
Action: Conduct Active Shooter exercises Citywide. Enter scene under force protection to provide care to victims that otherwise would have died from preventable death injuries.
Responsible Dept: Police and Fire Department
Mitigated Hazard: Terrorism
Status: Quarterly exercises beginning May 2023 into 2024/2025 Funding: City General Fund
5) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.3: Reduce repetitive losses for fire, flood, and earthquakes by encouraging protective measures and by anticipating future events.
Action: Department of Water and Power in conjunction with Emergency Management Division will facilitate the creation of a flood plan for the City of Corona
Responsible Dept: Department of Water and Power and Fire Department Mitigated Hazard: Flood
Status: Plan completed in December 2018
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Funding: California Dept. of Water Resources – Flood Emergency Response Projects – Statewide Grant
6) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.3: Reduce repetitive losses for fire, flood, and earthquakes by encouraging protective measures and by anticipating future events.
Action: Design and construction of Corona MDP Line 52 to alleviate flooding on Grand Avenue and Joy Street
Responsible Dept: Department of Water and Power
Mitigated Hazard: Flood
Status: Completed in November 2018
Funding: City General Fund – Capital Improvement Project 7) Goal 3: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.2: Reduce hazard related property losses by enforcing strong building, fire, and municipal codes.
Action: Ensure new development in the fire hazard severity zones follows Chapter 49 of the Fire Code and all other applicable codes. A separate fuel modification plan to be submitted for review and approval by the Fire Department Responsible Dept: Fire Department/Prevention
Mitigated Hazard: Fire
Status: Ongoing and continuous
Funding: Permit and inspection fees
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8) Goal 4: Improve Community and Agency Awareness
Objective 5.1: Improve mitigation and hazard related outreach to the public, faithbased organizations, businesses, and other stakeholders to increase their understanding of the various types, locations and effects of hazards and vulnerabilities, and actions they can take to reduce those hazard impacts.
Action: Provide Community Emergency Response Team training to the community. Offer this training twice a year to the community.
Responsible Dept: Fire Department/Emergency Management Division Mitigated Hazard: All
Status: Two classes a year. One in English, and one in Spanish.
Funding: State Homeland Security Program grant funding. 9) Goal 5: Improve coordination and collaboration with City Departments and partnering agencies throughout all phases of emergency management.
Objective 4.3: Incorporate mitigation related activities into other disaster planning mechanisms, such as the General Plan and Capital Improvement Plan.
Action: Coordination with Caltrans, Riverside County Transportation Commission with the Corona Freeway Improvement Projects. These projects hope to reduce traffic, increase capacity and mobility.
- Interstate 15 corridor improvement project
- State Route 91 corridor improvement project
- State Route 91/SR-71 interchange improvement project
Responsible Dept: Public Works
Mitigated Hazard: Transportation Failure
Status: All projects completed by 2020
Funding: Caltrans District 8
10) Goal 6: Improve coordination and collaboration with City Departments and partnering agencies throughout all phases of emergency management.
Objective 4.2: Improve City’s ability for continuity of operations for all hazard incidents.
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Action: Develop a multi-year EOC training and exercise plan, enhancing the city's ability to respond and recover from all hazard incidents, lessening the negative impacts to our residents.
Responsible Dept: Fire Department/Emergency Management Department Mitigated Hazard: All
Status: EOC Training began in March of 2023, with regular exercises.
Funding: City General Fund
7.3 ON-GOING MITIGATION STRATEGY PROGRAMS
The City of Corona has implemented and or updated several policies, procedures, programs and plans to lessen the impact of disasters and prevent the loss of life and property. Some of these on-going mitigation efforts are identified in the table below.
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Figure 7.3.1 On-Going Mitigation Strategy Programs
Hazard Type Mitigation Action Mitigation Strategy
All 2017 LHMP Update and
annual review
Update 2012 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan to identify projects to lesson the impact of disasters and prevent the loss of life and property. Review to ensure priorities are not changed.
Contamination, Pollution,
Flood
Storm Water and Urban
Runoff Pollution
Prevention Program
Prevents pollution of local waterways, regulates what can be discharged into storm drains.
Terrorism BioWatch Program
Participant
BioWatch provides early detection of biological agents in the air used for a bioterrorism attack.
Transportation Failure,
Terrorism
Traffic Management
Center
Single location to monitor throughout the City over 70 traffic signals, 15 monitoring cameras and a video and data link between CalTrans District 8 TMC in San Bernardino.
Transportation Failure Advanced Traffic
Management System
Ability to make adjustments to timing of traffic signal systems on local streets and bottom of freeway ramps to assist in moderating congestion.
Terrorism
Train and Exercise PD &
Fire Tactical Response
Team
Enter scene under force protection to provide care to victims that otherwise would have died from preventable death
injuries.
HazMat, Transportation
Failure, Fire
Hazardous Material Area
Plan
Hazardous Material Area Plan, assists in the prevention or mitigation of damage from the release or threatened release of hazardous materials.
Pandemic Flu Pandemic Influenza Plan
City of Corona Pandemic Influenza Plan facilitates
coordination with County Public Health for an organized and quick response to a pandemic effecting the City, lessening the Fire, Transportation
Failure, Terrorism Emergency Airport Plan
Corona Municipal Airport Emergency Plan, provides agency coordination, communication procedures and lines of
authority.
Flood/Water Supply
Contamination
Sewer System
Management Plan
Sewer System Management Plan, outlines preventative
maintenance, schedule of maintenance and response plan.
Water Supply Disruption/
Drought
Urban Water Management
Plan
Urban Water Management Plan - conservation and efficient water use
Climate Change/Drought,
Emergent Disease
Climate Action Plan Climate Action Plan - identifies and implements actions to reduce GHG emissions.
Fire Suppression Inspection
Action Plan
Suppression Inspection Action Plan - facilitates the
completion of hazard reduction inspections.
HazMat, Fire
G&G Environmental
Contract
Conduct on-site inspections for businesses housing hazardous materials to ensure compliance of State, County and local policies and procedures.
Communications
Failure/Fire
SOLAR/Multi - County
Mutual Threat Zone Guide
Continued participation with the SOLAR group in contingency planning for communications, resources and response to
mutual threat areas.
All Fire & PD Annual Master
Training Plan
Improves the safety and performance of Department's
members in order for them to prevent or minimize loss of life, damage to the environment and loss of property.
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7.4 FUTURE MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Below are identified mitigation strategies. A funding source has either not yet been identified for these projects or the project is only partially funded. The City of Corona is continuously looking for funding opportunities to augment its financial mitigation capabilities.
For example, the city has submitted Notice of Intents in the hopes of being successful recipients of Hazard Mitigation Grant funds, because of FEMA-4305-DR. If we are not successful in our efforts, we will continue to pursue available funding opportunities and will utilize, when available, financial resources identified in 6.3 Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities. If funding can be secured, we will move forward with the following projects.
The City will continue to foster and develop Review Cooperative Agreements with the Cities of Norco, Riverside, and Eastvale in connection with hazard mitigation projects, outreach, and preparedness.
1) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities, and services through the implementation of mitigation strategies.
Action: Purchase and install back-up generators at City’s groundwater wells and blend station
Responsible Dept: Department of Water and Power
Mitigated Hazard: Electrical Failure, Water Supply Disruption, Earthquake Status: Not started
Funding: Submitted Notice of Intent for Hazard Mitigation Grant Funds 2) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities, and services through the implementation of mitigation strategies.
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Action: Ensure the city’s oldest fire stations with ages ranging from 30 to 50 years of service can withstand a significant seismic event. Station 2 will be replaced by the end of 2025 by the American Rescue Plan federal grant.
A comprehensive fire facility assessment will be completed by the fall of 2024 for overall capital improvement for the other 6 stations. Seven fire stations currently exist.
Responsible Dept: Fire Department
Mitigated Hazard: Earthquake
Status: In Progress
Funding: Federal Grant Funds
3) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities, and services through the implementation of mitigation strategies.
Action: Conduct maintenance identified in the Caltrans bridge inspection reports.
The passing of SB 1 will provide the City funding for repairs to roads and bridges.
Allocation of funds and priorities of projects have not yet been determined.
Responsible Dept: Public Works
Mitigated Hazard: Transportation Failure, Earthquake
Status: TBD
Funding: Senate Bill 1 funds not yet allocated
4) Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities and services through the implementation of mitigation strategies.
Action: Conduct inspections of older water treatment facilities to ensure the ability to handle a seismic event and address any deficiencies.
SECTION 8.0 – PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCESS Implementation and maintenance of this 2023 LHMP is critical to the overall success of hazard mitigation planning. This is the 4th step in the planning process. This chapter provides an overview of the overall strategy for plan implementation and maintenance,
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and outlines the method and schedule for monitoring, updating, and evaluating the LHMP.
We will review the LHMP and assess:
The goals and objectives and address current and expected conditions. If the nature, magnitude, and/or type of risks have changed. Current resources for implementing the plan and exploring new resources. Implementation problems, such as technical, political, legal, or coordination issues with other agencies.
The outcomes to ensure they are in line with the expected outcome, if not we will modify plan.
Changes in Federal, State, or local ordinances, laws and regulations Involve the public by posting notices on websites and announcements during public meetings intent to review and update LHMP allowing for public comment and input.
If we discover changes that have occurred during the evaluation, we will update the LHMP Revision Page, and notify Riverside County EMD to update our Annex.
The Fire Department Emergency Services Division will coordinate the monitoring, evaluation, and update of the LHMP.
The City has incorporated the LHMP by adoption into the Safety Element of the City’s General Plan.
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SECTION 9.0 – INCORPORATION INTO EXISTING PLANNING
MECHANISMS
The City has incorporated the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan by adoption into the Safety Element of the City’s General Plan. The Safety Element includes discussion of fire, earthquake, flooding, and landslide hazards. Based on the ranking of hazards identified in the LHMP priority of mitigation projects to address these hazards will be determined and used in the development of the City’s Capital Improvement Plan.
In addition, the City has often developed plans, policies and adopted ordinance to assist in the mitigation of hazards identified in the LHMP. These mitigation efforts can be seen in the following figures:
See Figure 3.5.1 Mitigation Project Updates
See Figure 6.1.1 Regulatory Mitigation Capabilities
See Figure 7.3.1 On-Going Mitigation Strategy Programs
SECTION 10.0 - CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
Continued public involvement is imperative to the overall success of the LHMP implementation. The update process provides an opportunity to solicit participation from new and existing stakeholders and to publicize success stories from the plan implementation and seek additional public comment. The LHMP maintenance and update process will include continued public and stakeholder involvement and input through attendance at City Council Meetings, Community Based Organization meetings, other meetings or events that may be scheduled, web postings, social media, and public hearings.
If any changes are made in the Scheduled Plan Maintenance Process, the public will be notified through actions taken at City Council meetings by posting of the agenda, cable TV viewing of these meetings, posting on the City’s website and outreach at community meetings.
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APPENDIX A – PUBLIC NOTICES AND MAPS
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP) Update Steering Committee Meeting Minutes
Date: October 5, 2022
Time: 10:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.
Email Designated for LHMP: [email protected]
Brian MacGavin called the meeting to order and reviewed housekeeping items and meeting minutes from August 3, 2022.
Meeting Purpose: To provide a forum for MJLHMP participants to be able to share information and provide feedback into the oversight of the MJLHMP update process.
Review of Update / Requirements and timeline.
o Jennifer Smith reviewed the immediate update requirements and the MJLHMP timeline. o August-October: identify goals, objectives, and actions to take and have data compiled. o Inventory Worksheets and Risk Assessments should be completed by October 25 and mitigation actions should be finalized In November.
o A Teams meeting will be held with all county department representatives on October 25 to discuss completing Inventory and Risk Assessments that are due by October 25th.
Data Collection and HAZUS
o Breakdown of every risk category.
https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map
o Risk Assessment Survey has been sent out.
Tracking and Scoring Mitigation Projects
o Brian MacGavin presented information on the tracking and scoring of mitigation projects. o A new spreadsheet will be formulated for 2023 mitigation projects and actions. o Separate spreadsheets will be reviewed as we go forward with the update.
Jurisdictional and County Department Assessments
o William Luna provided information on completing jurisdictional and county department assessments.
Additional Discussion and Feedback
o Something to do after plan is approved, going back and reviewing the definitions.
Next steps and Action Items
o Complete Inventory Worksheets and Risk Assessments.
o Contact Brian MacGavin, Jennifer Smith, or William Luna for assistance or questions.
Adjournment / Next Meeting
o Brian MacGavin adjourned the meeting and announced that the next meeting will be on January 4, 2023.
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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP) Update OA Steering Committee Agenda
Date: January 4, 2023
Time: 10:00 AM to 11:30 AM
Subject Time Presented by Purpose Attachments
Introductions / Housekeeping 10 mins Brian
MacGavin
Inform Sign-in Sheet
Review of Minutes from October 5, 2022 5 mins.
Brian
MacGavin
Inform October 5, 2022 Steering
Committee Minutes
Review of update requirements and timeline 10 mins.
Jennifer Smith Inform Local Mitigation Plan
Review Guide & Timeline
GIS / Data Collection 10 mins
Moses
Martinez
Information
2023-2028 Tracking and Scoring Mitigation
Projects / Actions 15 mins
Brian
MacGavin
Inform Mitigation Projects
Spreadsheet
Jurisdictional LHMP Status Reports 15 mins.
William Luna Information
Additional Discussion and Feedback from
Steering Committee Members 15 mins.
All Discuss N/A
Next Steps /Action Items 5 mins.
Brian
MacGavin
Discuss N/A
Adjourn / Next Meeting 2 mins.
Brian
MacGavin
Inform
N/A
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APPENDIX B – INVENTORY WORKSHEETS
RIVERSIDE COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION AGENCY
2023 INVENTORY WORKSHEETS
City of Corona
JUNE 2023
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction: These documents are meant to be discussed, used, and reviewed by a multi-disciplinary team. Participation by a wide range of stakeholders who play a role in identifying and implementing mitigation actions is required.
SPECIAL CONCERNS:
1. The completed Letter of Commitment has been returned to EMD.
2. The completed Letter of Participation has been returned to EMD.
1. Local Jurisdiction Contact Information Page 3
2. Hazard Identification Questionnaire Pages 4-6
3. Specific Hazards Summary Page 7
4. Jurisdiction Vulnerability Worksheet Pages 8-9
5. Jurisdiction Mitigation Strategies and Goals Pages 10-14
6. Local Jurisdiction Proposed Mitigation Action
and Strategy Proposal Pages 14-16
7. Local Jurisdiction Development Trends Pages 17-18
8. Appendix A-Plan Review Tool Pages A1-10
Appendix A the Plan Review Tool for your reference. This is the document Cal EMA and FEMA will utilize to verify that all the required information is in the submitted documents.
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1. LOCAL JURISDICTION CONTACT INFORMATION
The information on this page identifies:
Jurisdiction and the contact person
Jurisdiction's service area size and population
EOP Plan and a Safety Element of their General Plan
PLEASE PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:
Agency/Jurisdiction: City of Corona
Type Agency/Jurisdiction: Local Government
Contact Person: Title: Emergency Services Manager
First Name: Lee Last Name: Shin
Agency Address: Street: 735 Public Safety Way
City: Corona
State: CA
Zip: 92880
Contact Phone 951-496-1299 FAX 951-736-2497
E-mail [email protected]
Population Served 167,759 Square Miles Served 39.2
Does your organization have a general plan? Yes
Does your organization have a safety component to the general plan? Yes What year was your plan last updated? 2018
Does your organization have a disaster/emergency operations plan? Yes What year was your plan last updated? 2023
Do you have a recovery annex or section in your plan? Yes Do you have a terrorism/WMD annex or section in your plan? Yes
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2. Hazard Identification Questionnaire
The purpose of the questionnaire is to help identify the hazards within your service area. The list was developed from the first round of meetings with the various working groups in the 2023 plan creation, and from the hazards listed in the County's General Plan. Each hazard is discussed in detail in Part I of the 2023 LHMP. The information will be used as the basis for each jurisdiction to evaluate its capabilities, determine its needs, and to assist in developing goals and strategies. The information identifies:
a) What hazards can be identified within or adjacent to the service area of the jurisdiction.
b) Which of those hazards have had reoccurring events.
c) What specific hazards and risks are considered by the jurisdiction to be a threat specifically to the jurisdiction? ( These locations should be identified by name and location for inclusion in the Specific Hazard Summary Table). a. Specific types of facilities owned and operated by the jurisdiction. b. Locations damaged from prior disasters or hazard causing events. d) Information about the jurisdiction's EOC
With your Multi-Disciplinary Planning Team:
a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions, with your planning team: Review your old Questionnaire for accuracy and relevance, mark changes. b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts, with your planning team, meet and go over the questionnaire. Fill in YES, NO or NA on the Questionnaire.
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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION QUESTIONNAIRE
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DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE:
AIRPORT IN JURISDICTION Yes
AIRPORT NEXT TO JURISDICTION No
DAIRY INDUSTRY No
POULTRY INDUSTRY No
CROPS/ORCHARDS No
DAMS IN JURISDICTION Yes
DAMS NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
LAKE/RESERVOIR IN JURISDICTION Yes
LAKE/RESERVOIR NEAR JURISDICTION Yes
JURISDICTION IN FLOOD PLAIN Yes
CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
EARTHQUAKE FAULTS IN JURISDICTION Yes
EARTHQUAKE FAULTS NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
MOBILE HOME PARKS Yes
NON-REINFORCED FREEWAY BRIDGES No
NON-REINFORCED BRIDGES No
BRIDGES IN FLOOD PLAIN No
BRIDGES OVER OR ACROSS RIVER/STREAM Yes
ROADWAY CROSSING RIVER/STREAM No
NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS No
FREEWAY/MAJOR HIGHWAY IN JURISDICTION Yes
FREEWAY/MAJOR HIGHWAY NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
FOREST AREA IN JURISDICTION No
FOREST AREA NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
WITHIN THE 50 MILES SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE Yes
MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINES IN JURISDICTION Yes
MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINES NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
RAILROAD TRACKS IN JURISDICTION Yes
RAILROAD TRACKS NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITIES IN JURISDICTION Yes
HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITIES NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITIES IN JURISDICTION Yes
HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITIES NEXT TO JURISDICTION Yes
DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION OWN OR OPERATE A FACILITY
IN A FLOOD PLAIN Yes
NEAR FLOOD PLAIN Yes
NEAR RAILROAD TRACKS Yes
NEAR A DAM Yes
UPSTREAM FROM A DAM Yes
DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM Yes
DOWNSTREAM OF A LAKE Yes
DOWNSTREAM FROM A RESERVOIR Yes
NEAR A CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
NEAR UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
ON AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT Yes
NEAR AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT Yes
WITHIN THE 50 MILE SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE Yes
IN A FOREST AREA No
NEAR A FOREST AREA Yes
NEAR A MAJOR HIGHWAY Yes
A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY Yes
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NEAR A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY Yes
A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY Yes
NEAR A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY Yes
NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS No
A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE No
NEAR A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE Yes
DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE ANY LOCATIONS THAT:
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY EARTHQUAKE AND NOT REPAIRED No
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FLOOD Yes
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FLOOD MORE THAN ONCE Yes
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FOREST FIRE No
HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FOREST FIRE MORE THAN ONCE No
HAVE BEEN IMPACTED BY A TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENT Yes
HAVE BEEN IMPACTED BY A PIPELINE EVENT No
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS INFORMATION
DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE AN EOC Yes
IS YOUR EOC LOCATED IN A FLOOD PLAIN Yes
NEAR FLOOD PLAIN Yes
NEAR RAILROAD TRACKS Yes
NEAR A DAM Yes
UPSTREAM FROM A DAM Yes
DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM Yes
DOWNSTREAM OF A LAKE Yes
DOWNSTREAM FROM A RESERVOIR Yes
NEAR A CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
NEAR UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL Yes
ON AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT No
NEAR AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT Yes
WITHIN THE 50 MILE SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE Yes
IN A FOREST AREA No
NEAR A FOREST AREA Yes
NEAR A MAJOR HIGHWAY Yes
A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY Yes
NEAR A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY Yes
A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY Yes
NEAR A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY Yes
NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS No
A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE Yes
NEAR A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE Yes
OTHER FACILITY INFORMATION
ARE THERE LOCATIONS WITHIN YOUR JURISDICTION THAT:
COULD BE CONSIDERED A TERRORIST TARGET Yes
COULD BE CONSIDERED A BIO-HAZARD RISK Yes
With your planning team, list the “Yes” answers and discuss. Use the information as a group to summarize your jurisdiction’s hazards and vulnerabilities.
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3. SPECIFIC HAZARDS SUMMARY
This table helps to identify the information (name, owner, location, etc.) about the specific hazards identified in the Hazard Questionnaire.
In the Summary Table, list the basic information of the hazards identified by the jurisdiction in the Hazard Identification Questionnaire as a potential threat. These specific hazards were used in the development of response plans, maps, and other analysis data. a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, review the “Yes” answers and see if there were any changes, if so, summarize why there is a difference from 2017 LHMP.
b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, review the “Yes” answers and discuss. Use the information as a group to summarize your jurisdiction’s hazards and vulnerabilities.
SPECIFIC HAZARDS SUMMARY
Jurisdiction Hazard Type Hazard Name In
Jurisdiction?
Adjacent to
Jurisdiction?
Corona Dam Lake Mathews No Yes
Dam Prado No Yes
Fault Elsinore Yes Yes
Flood Channel Mabey Canyon Yes No
Flood Channel Temescal Creek Yes Yes
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Downs Energy Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Dart Containers Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility G & S Associates Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Golden Cheese Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility GTM, Inc. Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Hi-Country Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Us Battery Yes No
Hazmat Manufacturing Facility Watson Pharmaceuticals Yes No Hazmat Storage Location Advanced Fuel Filtration Yes No Hazmat Storage Location All American Asphalt Yes No
Hazmat Storage Location Liston Aluminum Yes No
Hazmat Storage Location United Agri Products Yes No
Lake Lake Mathews No Yes
Pipeline Four Corners Oil Pipeline Yes No
Pipeline Natural Gas Yes No
Railroad Track BNSF Yes No
Reservoir Lake Mathews No Yes
River Santa Ana River No Yes
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN FEB 2023 4. JURISDICTION VULNERABILITY WORKSHEET This table is a listing of the primary hazards identified by the 2022 LHMP working groups. Each jurisdiction was asked to evaluate the potential for an event to occur in their jurisdiction by hazard. They were also asked to evaluate the potential impact of that event by hazard on their jurisdiction. The impact potential was determined based on:
1. Economic loss and recovery 2. Physical loss to structures (residential, commercial, and critical facilities) 3. The loss or damage to the jurisdiction’s infrastructure 4. Their ability to continue with normal daily governmental activities 5. Their ability to quickly recover from the event and return to normal daily activities 6. The loss of life and potential injuries from the event.
The jurisdictions were asked to rate the potential and severity using a scale of between 0 and 4 (4 being the most severe). Thejurisdictions were also asked to rank the listed hazards as they relate to their jurisdiction from 1 to 19 (1 being the highest overall threat to their jurisdiction). With the assistance of the RCIP Plan and County Departments, Riverside County EMD conducted an extensive evaluation of the severity and probability potential for the county. The hazards were also ranked for the County. Those numbers and rankings wereprovided to the jurisdictions as a comparison guide. A separate table was created to address the hazards relating to agriculture and was assessed by the agriculture working group. a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: Please review the table, determine if you’re ranking from the 2017 LHMP remains the same, and note that Pandemic has been added to the list. Please discuss and document new or unchanged severity and rankings. b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: Please evaluate the potential for an event to occur in your jurisdiction by hazard. Then, evaluate the potential impact of that event by hazard on your jurisdiction according to #1-6 from the potential impact list above.
NOTE: Under Medical, Pandemic was added. This was a result of the H1N1 and other incidents.
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NAME: City of Corona AGENCY: DATE: 2/20/2023
COUNTY CITY OF CORONA
HAZARD
SEVERITY
0 - 4
PROBABILITY
0 - 4
SEVERITY
0 - 4
PROBABILITY
0 - 4
RANKING
1 - 19
EARTHQUAKE 4 2 4 3 1 WILDLAND FIRE 3 4 3 3 2 FLOOD 3 3 3 3 6 OTHER NATURAL HAZARDS DROUGHT 3 3 3 3 12 LANDSLIDES 3 3 2 1 20 INSECT INFESTATION 2 3 1 1 18 EXTREME SUMMER/WINTER WEATHER 3 2 2 2 13 SEVERE WIND EVENT NAAGRICULTURAL DISEASE/CONTAMINATION 3 3 3 3 7 TERRORISM 3 1 4 2 4
OTHER MAN-MADE
PIPELINE 3 2 3 2 19
AQUEDUCT 3 2 2 2 22
TRANSPORTATION 3 2 3 2 8 POWER OUTAGE 4 4 4 4 3 HAZMAT ACCIDENTS 3 4 3 2 14 NUCLEAR ACCIDENT 4 1 4 1 17 TERRORISM 3 1 4 2 4 CIVIL UNREST 3 2 2 2 16 JAIL/PRISON EVENT 2 1 1 2 21 MEDICAL PANDEMIC 4 2 4 2 10
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5. JURISDICTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND GOALS
This comprehensive table is a listing of the various mitigation strategies, goals, and objectives developed by the 2022 LHMP working groups.
The jurisdictions were also given the opportunity to list additional strategies, goals, and objectives
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specific to their jurisdiction.
LOCAL JURISDICTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND GOALS
With your Planning Team
a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: please review the table; determine if you’re ranking from the 2023 LHMP remains the same.
b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: please follow below:
Please evaluate the priority level for each listed mitigation goal identified below as it relates to your jurisdiction or facility. If you have any additional mitigation goals or recommendations, please list them at the end of this document.
Place an H (High), M (Medium), L (Low), or N/A (Not Applicable) for your priority level for each mitigation goal in the box next to the activity.
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EARTHQUAKE
M Aggressive public education campaign in light of predictions M Generate new literature for dissemination to:
M ◊ Government employees
M ◊ Businesses
L ◊ Hotel/motel literature
M ◊ Local radio stations for education
M ◊ Public education via utilities
M ◊ Identify/create television documentary content
M Improve the Emergency Alert System (EAS)
M ◊ Consider integration with radio notification systems H ◊ Upgrade alerting and warning systems for hearing impaired H ◊ Training and maintenance
L Procure earthquake-warning devices for critical facilities H Reinforce emergency response facilities
N/A Provide training to hospital staffs
L Require earthquake gas shutoffs on remodels/new construction M Evaluate re-enforcing reservoir concrete bases
L Evaluate EOCs for seismic stability
H Install earthquake cutoffs at reservoirs
M Install earthquake-warning devices at critical facilities L Develop a dam inundation plan for new Diamond Valley Reservoir M Earthquake retrofitting
N/A ◊ Bridges/dams/pipelines
L ◊ Government buildings/schools
N/A ◊ Mobile home parks
L Develop educational materials on structural reinforcement and home inspections (ALREADY DEVELOPED) M Ensure Uniform Building Code compliance
M ◊ Update to current compliance when retrofitting
L Insurance coverage on public facilities
L Funding for non-structural abatement (Earthquake kits, etc.) L Pre - identify empty commercial space for seismic re-location L Electrical co-generation facilities need retrofitting/reinforcement (Palm Springs, others?) L Mapping of liquefaction zones
M Incorporate County geologist data into planning
N/A Backup water supplies for hospitals
M Evaluate pipeline seismic resiliency
M Pre-positioning of temporary response structures
M Fire sprinkler ordinance for all structures
L Evaluate adequacy of reservoir capacity for sprinkler systems L Training/standardization for contractors performing retrofitting L Website with mitigation/contractor/retrofitting information L ◊ Links to jurisdictions
M ◊ Alerting information
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L ◊ Volunteer information
M Evaluate depths of aquifers/wells for adequacy during quakes L Evaluate hazmat storage regulations near faults
COMMUNICATIONS IN DISASTER ISSUES
M Communications Interoperability
M Harden repeater sites
H Continue existing interoperability project
M Strengthen/harden
M Relocate
H Redundancy
M Mobile repeaters
FLOODS
L Update development policies for flood plains
L Public education on locations of flood plains
L Develop multi-jurisdictional working group on floodplain management L Develop greenbelt requirements in new developments
L Update weather pattern/flood plain maps
L Conduct countywide study of flood barriers/channels/gates/water dispersal systems M Required water flow/runoff plans for new development
M Perform GIS mapping of flood channels, etc.
L Install vehicular crossing gates/physical barriers for road closure H Maintenance of storm sewers/flood channels
M Create map of flood channels/diversions/water systems etc.
L Require digital floor plans on new non-residential construction M Upgrade dirt embankments to concrete
M Conduct countywide needs study on drainage capabilities H Increase number of pumping stations
L Increase sandbag distribution capacities
M Develop pre-planned response plan for floods
M ◊ Evacuation documentation
M ◊ Re-examine historical flooding data for potential street re-design L Training for city/county PIOs about flood issues
L Warning systems - ensure accurate information provided L ◊ Publicize flood plain information (website?)
L ◊ Install warning/water level signage
L ◊ Enhanced public information
L ◊ Road closure compliance
L ◊ Shelter locations
L ◊ Pre-event communications
L Look at County requirements for neighborhood access
L ◊ Secondary means of ingress/egress
M Vegetation restoration programs
M Ensure critical facilities are hardened/backed up
L Hardening water towers
L Terrorism Surveillance - cameras at reservoirs/dams
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M Riverbed maintenance
M Evaluate existing lift stations for adequacy
L Acquisition of property for on-site retention
M Evaluate regulations on roof drainage mechanism
M Erosion-resistant plants
L Traffic light protection
M Upkeep of diversionary devices
M Install more turn-off valves on pipelines
H Backup generation facilities
H Identify swift water rescue capabilities across County
WILDFIRES
M Aggressive weed abatement program
M ◊ Networking of agencies for weed abatement
N/A Develop strategic plan for forest management
H Public education on wildfire defense
M Encourage citizen surveillance and reporting
L Identify hydrants with equipment ownership information M Enhanced firefighting equipment
L Fire spotter program/red flag program
L ◊ Expand to other utilities
N/A Research on insect/pest mitigation technologies
L Volunteer home inspection program
L Public education program
L ◊ Weather reporting/alerting
M ◊ Building protection
L ◊ Respiration
M Pre-identify shelters/recovery centers/other resources M Roofing materials/defensive spacing regulations
M Community task forces for planning and education
M Fuel/dead tree removal
L Strategic pre-placement of firefighting equipment
L Establish FEMA coordination processes based on ICS
M Brush clearings around repeaters
L Research new technologies for identifying/tracking fires M Procure/deploy backup communications equipment
N/A "Red Tag" homes in advance of event
N/A Provide fire-resistant gel to homeowners
L Involve insurance agencies in mitigation programs
N/A Clear out abandoned vehicles from oases
H Code enforcement
H Codes prohibiting fireworks
H Fuel modification/removal
L Evaluate building codes
H Maintaining catch basins
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OTHER HAZARDS
N/A Improve pipeline maintenance
N/A Wetlands mosquito mitigation (West Nile Virus)
M Insect control study
N/A Increase County Vector Control capacities
H General public drought awareness
H ◊ Lawn watering rotation
N/A Develop County drought plan
H Mitigation of landslide-prone areas
N/A Develop winter storm sheltering plan
N/A Ease permitting process for building transmission lines L Evaluate restrictions on dust/dirt/generating activities during wind seasons N/A Rotational crop planning/soil stabilization
N/A Enhance agricultural checkpoint enforcement
N/A Agriculture - funding of detection programs
M Communications of pipeline maps (based on need to know) M Improved notification plan on runaway trains
M Improve/maintain blackout notification plan.
M Support business continuity planning for utility outages H Terrorism training/equipment for first responders
H ◊ Terrorism planning/coordination
M ◊ Staffing for terrorism mitigation
M Create a SONGS regional planning group
L ◊ Include dirty bomb planning
M Cooling stations - MOUs in place
N/A Fire Ant eradication program
N/A White Fly infestation abatement/eradication program M Develop plan for supplemental water sources
H Public education on low water landscaping
N/A Salton Sea desalinization
N/A Establish agriculture security standards (focus on water supply) M ID mutual aid agreements
M Vulnerability assessment on fiber-optic cable
N/A Upgrade valves on California aqueduct
L Public education
L ◊ Bi-lingual signs
L ◊ Power Outage information
M Notification system for rail traffic - container contents H Control and release of terrorism intelligence
N/A Develop prison evacuation plan (shelter in place?)
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Use the list and rankings to narrow down or identify “your” strategies.
The mitigation strategy serves as the long-term blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation strategy includes the development of goals, objectives, and prioritized mitigation actions.
Goals are general guidelines that explain what you want to achieve. They are broad policy statements and are usually long-term and represent global visions, such as “Protect Existing Property.”
Objectives define strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals. Unlike goals, objectives are specific, measurable, and may have a defined completion date. Objectives are more specific, such as “Increase the number of buildings protected from flooding.” The development of effective goals and objectives enables the planning team to evaluate the merits of alternative mitigation actions and the local conditions in which these activities would be pursued. A potential mitigation action that would support the goal and objective goal example above is “Acquire repetitive flood loss properties in the Acadia Woods Subdivision.” In the 2017 LHMP, each jurisdiction was required to develop a Mitigation Strategy Proposal based on one of the following:
1. The strategy, goal, or objective rating “High Priority” on the Local Jurisdiction Mitigation Strategies and Goals (WORKSHEET ABOVE)
2. A specifically identified strategy, goal, or objective that was developed as part of one of the working groups planning sessions such as the hospitals or agriculture.
3. A specifically identified strategy, goal, or objective that was developed as part of one of the jurisdiction’s internal working group planning sessions
6. LOCAL JURISDICTION PROPOSED MITIGATION ACTION AND STRATEGY
PROPOSAL
a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, please review the table from # 5, and determine if you’re ranking from the 2023 LHMP remains the same.
Review the chosen Mitigation Strategy that your jurisdiction submitted. The updated plan must identify the completed, deleted, or deferred actions or activities from the previously approved plan as a benchmark for progress.
If the mitigation actions or activities remain unchanged from the previously approved plan, the updated plan must indicate why changes are not necessary. Further, the updated plan shall include in its prioritization any new mitigation actions identified since the previous plan was approved or through the plan update process.
b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, Use the “High Priority” rated strategy, goal or objective as a starting point to determine your Mitigation Strategy Proposal.
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LOCAL JURISDICTION PROPOSED MITIGATION ACTION AND STRATEGY PROPOSAL Jurisdiction: City of Corona
Contact: Lee Shin
Phone: 951-496-1299
MITIGATION STRATEGY INFORMATION
Proposal Name:
DWP Emergency Generators
Proposal Location:
Citywide – Ground Water Wells and Blending station
Proposal Type
Place an "X" by the type of mitigation strategy (one or more may apply) Flood and mud flow mitigation
Fire mitigation
Elevation or acquisition of repetitively damaged structures or structures in high hazard areas Mitigation Planning (i.e., update building codes, planning develop guidelines, etc.) Development and implementation of mitigation education programs Development or improvement of warning systems
Additional Hazard identification and analysis in support of the local hazard mitigation plan Drinking and/or irrigation water mitigation
X Earthquake mitigation
Agriculture - crop related mitigation
Agriculture - animal related mitigation
Flood inundation/Dam failure
Weather/Temperature event mitigation
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED MITIGATION STRATEGY
Proposal/Event
History
List any previous disaster related events (dates, costs, etc.) The proposed project is to purchase emergency generators for each ground water well and blending station as an earthquake mitigation strategy. The Mexico, Easter earthquake of 2010 caused significant damage to the water systems in Imperial County and the action is a result of lessons learned. There have been earthquakes in the region that have made it apparent that emergency generators will be necessary at ground water wells and blending stations to lessen the possibility of water disruption.
Description of
Mitigation Goal
Narrative:
Give a detailed description of the need for the proposal, any history related to the proposal. List the activities necessary for its completion in the narrative section below, including estimated timeline. (How long will it take)
Because the City of Corona is in an area of seismic faults, back-up power for pumping water at ground water wells to the community is a good mitigation measure. There have been earthquakes in the region that have made it apparent that emergency generators will be necessary at ground water wells and the blending station to lessen the possibility of water disruption.
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Does your jurisdiction have primary responsibility for the proposal? If not, what agency does? Yes X No Responsible Agency: Dept. of Water and Power
FUNDING INFORMATION
Place an "X" by the proposed source of funding for this proposal Unfunded proposal - funds are not available for the proposal currently Local jurisdiction General Fund
Local jurisdiction Special Fund (road tax, assessment fees, etc.) Non-FEMA Hazard Mitigation Funds
X Local Hazard Mitigation Grant Funds - Future Request
X Hazard Mitigation Funds
X Other no general fund source.
Has your jurisdiction evaluated this mitigation strategy to determine its cost benefits? yes
(i.e., has the cost of the mitigation proposal been determined to be beneficial in relationship to the potential damage or loss using the attached Cost/Benefit Analysis Sheet or another internal method)
As part of this process, each Submitting Jurisdiction is required to perform a cost-benefit analysis. They were required to answer the question at the bottom of the Proposal page that asks if they had conducted a CostBenefit Analysis of some type. This analysis was conducted either by completing a Cost Benefit form or by some other approved method. Many of the jurisdictions used the cost-effective analysis approach outlined in the FEMA publication, Cost and Benefits of Natural Hazards Mitigation. This cost-benefit analysis was not restricted to natural hazards.
In some cases, the jurisdiction or working group identified a proposal that highlighted a life- safety issue over a standard hazard proposal. This was done when there was either historical data or other sources of information indicating that the life-safety issue needed to be emphasized or brought to the public’s attention.
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN FEB 2023 LOCAL JURISDICTION DEVELOPMENT TRENDS QUESTIONNAIRE JURISDICTION: CITY OF CORONA DOES YOUR AGENCY HAVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR LAND USE AND/OR DEVELOPMENT ISSUES WITHIN YOUR JURISDICTIONAL BOUNDARIES? YES NO
2012 DATA 2017 DATA 2023
Current Population in Jurisdiction or Served 153,649 167,759 Projected Population in Jurisdiction or Served - in 2022 175,000
Current Sq. Miles in Jurisdiction or Served 39.2 39.2 Projected Sq. Miles in Jurisdiction or Served - in 2022 39.2 Does Your Jurisdiction have any ordinances or regulations dealing with disaster mitigation, disaster preparation, or disaster response? Yes Yes
If yes, please list ordinance or regulation number. Ordinance No. 2429, 1973, 2077 Corona Municipal Code Chapters 2.52, 3.36, 4.04.80, 7a, 15.12.270 Section 705 What is the number one land issue your agency will face in the next five years Economy and Infill/compact development
Approximate Number of Homes/Apts/etc. 47,182 48,930 Projected Number of Homes/Apts/etc.- in 2022 50,500
Approximate Total Residential Value $16.3 billion $17.0 billion Projected Residential Total Value - in 2022 $19.0 billion Approximate Number of Commercial Businesses 5,205 9,000 Projected Number of Commercial Businesses - in 2022 9,500 Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in flood hazard zones
0.7% 0.7% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in flood hazard zones - in 2017
0.7%
Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in earthquake hazard zones
3.5% 3.5% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in
earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
3.5%
Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in wildland fire hazard zones
6.55% 6.55% Approximate Percentage of Homes/Apts/etc. in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
6.55%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in flood hazard zones
0.003% 0.7% Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in flood hazard zones - in 2022
0.7%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in earthquake hazard zones
1.9% 0.3% Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
0.3%
Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in wildland fire hazard zones
4.5% 0 Approximate Percentage of Commercial Businesses in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
0 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in flood hazard zones 0 0 Projected Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in flood hazard zones - in 2022
0 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in earthquake hazard zones 2 2 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in earthquake hazard zones - in 2022
2 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in wildland fire hazard zones. 7 7 Number of Critical Facilities in your Jurisdiction that are in wildland fire hazard zones - in 2022
7 Does your jurisdiction plan on participating in the County's on-going plan maintenance program every two years as described in Part I of the plan? Yes Yes If not, how will your jurisdiction do plan maintenance? N/A Will a copy of this plan be available for the various planning groups within your jurisdiction for use in future planning and budgeting purposes? Yes
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APPENDIX C – PLAN REVIEW TOOL/CROSSWALK
LOCAL MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL
The Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool demonstrates how the Local Mitigation Plan meets the regulation in 44 CFR §201.6 and offers States and FEMA Mitigation Planners an opportunity to provide feedback to the community.
• The Regulation Checklist provides a summary of FEMA’s evaluation of whether the Plan has addressed all requirements.
• The Plan Assessment identifies the plan’s strengths as well as documents areas for future improvement.
• The Multi-jurisdiction Summary Sheet is an optional worksheet that can be used to document how each jurisdiction met the requirements of each Element of the Plan (Planning Process; Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment; Mitigation Strategy; Plan Review, Evaluation, and Implementation; and Plan Adoption).
The FEMA Mitigation Planner must reference this Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide when completing the Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool.
Jurisdiction:
City of Corona
Title of Plan:
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
Date of Plan:
2/1/2023
Local Point of Contact:
Lee Shin
Address:
735 Public Safety Way
Title: Corona, CA 92880
Emergency Services Manager
Agency:
Fire Department
Phone Number:
951-496-1299
E-Mail:
[email protected]
State Reviewer: Title: Date:
FEMA Reviewer: Title: Date:
Date Received in FEMA Region (insert
#)
Plan Not Approved
Plan Approvable Pending Adoption
Plan Approved
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SECTION 1:
REGULATION CHECKLIST
INSTRUCTIONS: The Regulation Checklist must be completed by FEMA. The purpose of the Checklist is to identify the location of relevant or applicable content in the Plan by Element/sub-element and to determine if each requirement has been ‘Met’ or ‘Not Met.’ The ‘Required Revisions’ summary at the bottom of each Element must be completed by FEMA to provide a clear explanation of the revisions that are required for plan approval. Required revisions must be explained for each plan sub-element that is ‘Not Met.’ Sub-elements should be referenced in each summary by using the appropriate numbers (A1, B3, etc.), where applicable. Requirements for each Element and sub-element are described in detail in this Plan Review Guide in Section 4, Regulation Checklist.
1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(Section and/or
page number) Met
Not
Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) Met
ELEMENT A. PLANNING PROCESS
A1. Does the Plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared and who was involved in the process for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1))
Section 2.1
X
A2. Does the Plan document an opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, agencies that have the authority to regulate development as well as other interests to be involved in the planning process? (Requirement §201.6(b)(2))
Section 2.2
X
A3. Does the Plan document how the public was involved in the planning process during the drafting stage? (Requirement §201.6(b)(1))
Section 2.3
X
A4. Does the Plan describe the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information? (Requirement §201.6(b)(3))
Section 9.0
X
A5. Is there discussion of how the community will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(iii))
Section 10.0
Section 8.0 X
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1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(Section and/or
page number) Met
Not
Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) Met
A6. Is there a description of the method and schedule for keeping the plan current (monitoring, evaluating, and updating the mitigation plan within a 5-year cycle)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(I))
Section 8.0
X
ELEMENT A: REQUIRED REVISIONS
ELEMENT B. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
B1. Does the Plan include a description of the type, location, and extent of all natural hazards that can affect each jurisdiction(s)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(I))
Section 3.4
B2. Does the Plan include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(I))
Section 3.4
B3. Is there a description of each identified hazard’s impact on the community as well as an overall summary of the community’s vulnerability for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) Section 4.4
Section 3.2
B4. Does the Plan address NFIP insured structures within the jurisdiction that have been repetitively damaged by floods? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii))
Section 5.1
Figure 4.4.2 pg.42
ELEMENT B: REQUIRED REVISIONS
ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY
C1. Does the plan document each jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3))
Section 6.1
C2. Does the Plan address each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
Section 5.2
C3. Does the Plan include goals to reduce/avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(i))
Section 7.1
C4. Does the Plan identify and analyze a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects for each jurisdiction being considered to reduce the effects of hazards, with emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii))
Section 7.2
Section 7.3
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1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(Section and/or
page number) Met
Not
Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) Met
C5. Does the Plan contain an action plan that describes how the actions identified will be prioritized (including cost benefit review), implemented, and administered by each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iv)); (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii))
Section 7.2
Section 7.4
C6. Does the Plan describe a process by which local
governments will integrate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms, such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, when appropriate?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii))
Section 9.0
Section 7.3
ELEMENT C: REQUIRED REVISIONS
ELEMENT D. PLAN REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION (applicable to plan updates only)
D1. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in development? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3))
Section 1.4
Section 1.5
Section 1.6
D2. Was the plan revised to reflect progress in local mitigation efforts? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3))
Section 3.5
D3. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in priorities? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3))
Section 3.1
Section 3.2
Section 3.3
ELEMENT D: REQUIRED REVISIONS
ELEMENT E. PLAN ADOPTION
E1. Does the Plan include documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval? (Requirement §201.6(c)(5))
Plan Adoption/
Resolution
E2. For multi-jurisdictional plans, has each jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan documented formal plan adoption?
(Requirement §201.6(c)(5))
Plan Adoption/
Resolution
ELEMENT E: REQUIRED REVISIONS
ELEMENT F. ADDITIONAL STATE REQUIREMENTS (OPTIONAL FOR STATE REVIEWERS ONLY; NOT TO BE COMPLETED BY FEMA)
F1.
F2.
ELEMENT F: REQUIRED REVISIONS
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SECTION 2:
PLAN ASSESSMENT
INSTRUCTIONS: The purpose of the Plan Assessment is to offer the local community more comprehensive feedback to the community on the quality and utility of the plan in a narrative format. The audience for the Plan Assessment is not only the plan developer/local community planner, but also elected officials, local departments and agencies, and others involved in implementing the Local Mitigation Plan. The Plan Assessment must be completed by FEMA. The Assessment is an opportunity for FEMA to provide feedback and information to the community on 1) suggested improvements to the Plan; 2) specific sections in the Plan where the community has gone above and beyond minimum requirements; 3) recommendations for plan implementation; and 4) ongoing partnership(s) and information on other FEMA programs, specifically Risk MAP and Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs.
The Plan Assessment is divided into two sections:
1. Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement
2. Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan
Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement is organized according to the plan Elements listed in the Regulation Checklist. Each Element includes a series of italicized bulleted items that are suggested topics for consideration while evaluating plans, but it is not intended to be a comprehensive list. FEMA Mitigation Planners are not required to answer each bullet item and should use them as a guide to paraphrase their own written assessment (2-3 sentences) of each Element.
The Plan Assessment must not reiterate the required revisions from the Regulation Checklist or be regulatory in nature and should be open-ended and provide the community with suggestions for improvements or recommended revisions. The recommended revisions are suggestions for improvement and are not required to be made for the Plan to meet Federal regulatory requirements. The italicized text should be deleted once FEMA has added comments regarding strengths of the plan and potential improvements for future revisions. It is recommended that the Plan Assessment be a short synopsis of the overall strengths and weaknesses of the Plan (no longer than two pages), rather than a complete recap section by section.
Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan provides a place for FEMA to offer information, data sources and general suggestions on the plan implementation and maintenance process. Information on other possible sources of assistance including, but not limited to, existing publications, grant funding or training opportunities, can be provided.
States may add state and local resources, if available.
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A. Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement
This section provides a discussion of the strengths of the plan document and identifies areas where these could be improved beyond minimum requirements.
Element A: Planning Process
How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the planning process with respect to:
Involvement of stakeholders (elected officials/decision makers, plan implementers, business owners, academic institutions, utility companies, water/sanitation districts, etc.); Involvement of Planning, Emergency Management, Public Works Departments or other planning agencies (i.e., regional planning councils);
Diverse methods of participation (meetings, surveys, online, etc.); and Reflective of an open and inclusive public involvement process.
Element B: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
In addition to the requirements listed in the Regulation Checklist, 44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans identifies additional elements that should be included as part of a plan’s risk assessment. The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of:
1) A general description of land uses and future development trends within the community so that mitigation options can be considered in future land use decisions. 2) The types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in the identified hazard areas; and
3) A description of potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures, and a description of the methodology used to prepare the estimate.
How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment with respect to:
Use of best available data (flood maps, HAZUS, flood studies) to describe significant hazards.
Communication of risk on people, property, and infrastructure to the public (through tables, charts, maps, photos, etc.).
Incorporation of techniques and methodologies to estimate dollar losses to vulnerable structures.
Incorporation of Risk MAP products (i.e., depth grids, Flood Risk Report, Changes Since Last FIRM, Areas of Mitigation Interest, etc.); and
Identification of any data gaps that can be filled as new data became available.
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FEB 2023
Element C: Mitigation Strategy
How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the Mitigation Strategy with respect to:
Key problems identified in, and linkages to, the vulnerability assessment. Serving as a blueprint for reducing potential losses identified in the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment.
Plan content flow from the risk assessment (problem identification) to goal setting to mitigation action development.
An understanding of mitigation principles (diversity of actions that include structural projects, preventative measures, outreach activities, property protection measures, postdisaster actions, etc.). Specific mitigation actions for each participating jurisdictions that reflects their unique risks and capabilities.
Integration of mitigation actions with existing local authorities, policies, programs, and resources; and
Discussion of existing programs (including the NFIP), plans, and policies that could be used to implement mitigation, as well as document past projects.
Element D: Plan Update, Evaluation, and Implementation (Plan Updates Only) How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the 5-year Evaluation and Implementation measures with respect to:
Status of previously recommended mitigation actions.
Identification of barriers or obstacles to successful implementation or completion of mitigation actions, along with possible solutions for overcoming risk. Documentation of annual reviews and committee involvement. Identification of a lead person to take ownership of, and champion the Plan. Reducing risks from natural hazards and serving as a guide for decisions makers as they commit resources to reducing the effects of natural hazards. An approach to evaluating future conditions (i.e., socio-economic, environmental, demographic, change in built environment etc.).
Discussion of how changing conditions and opportunities could impact community resilience in the long term; and
Discussion of how the mitigation goals and actions support the long-term community vision for increased resilience.
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B. Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan
Ideas may be offered on moving the mitigation plan forward and continuing the relationship with key mitigation stakeholders such as the following:
What FEMA assistance (funding) programs are available (for example, Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA)) to the jurisdiction(s) to assist with implementing the mitigation actions?
What other Federal programs (National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Community Rating System (CRS), Risk MAP, etc.) may aid with mitigation activities? What publications, technical guidance or other resources are available to the jurisdiction(s) relevant to the identified mitigation actions? Are there upcoming trainings/workshops (Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA), HMA, etc.) to assist the jurisdictions(s)?
What mitigation actions can be funded by other Federal agencies (for example, U.S.
Forest Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Smart Growth, Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Sustainable Communities, etc.) and/or state and local agencies?
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN JUNE 2017 SECTION 3: MULTI-JURISDICTION SUMMARY SHEET (OPTIONAL)
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN FEB 2023 INSTRUCTIONS: For multi-jurisdictional plans, a Multi-jurisdiction Summary Spreadsheet may be completed by listing each participating jurisdiction, which required Elements for each jurisdiction were ‘Met’ or ‘Not Met,’ and when the adoption resolutions were received. This Summary Sheet does not imply that a mini plan be developed for each jurisdiction; it should be used as an optional
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN FEB 2023 worksheet to ensure that each jurisdiction participating in the Plan has been documented and has met the requirements for thoseElements (A through E).
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MULTI-JURISDICTION SUMMARY SHEET
# Jurisdiction Name
Jurisdiction
Type
(city/borough
/
township/
village, etc.)
Plan
POC
Mailing
Address Email Phone
Requirements Met (Y/N)
A.
Planning
Process
B.
Hazard
Identification
& Risk
Assessment
C.
Mitigatio
n
Strategy
D.
Plan Review,
Evaluation &
Implementatio
n
E.
Plan
Adoptio
n
F.
State
Require
-ments
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15
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MULTI-JURISDICTION SUMMARY SHEET
# Jurisdiction Name
Jurisdiction
Type
(city/borough
/
township/
village, etc.)
Plan
POC
Mailing
Address Email Phone
Requirements Met (Y/N)
A.
Planning
Process
B.
Hazard
Identification
& Risk
Assessment
C.
Mitigatio
n
Strategy
D.
Plan Review,
Evaluation &
Implementatio
n
E.
Plan
Adoptio
n
F.
State
Require
-ments
16 17 18 19 20
Appendices
City of Corona
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Appendix Q – Bed-Coldwater Groundwater Sustainability Plan
GROUNDWATER SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
BEDFORD-COLDWATER BASIN
| NOVEMBER 2021 |
GROUNDWATER
SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
BEDFORD-COLDWATER BASIN
November 2021
Bedford-Coldwater GSP i
TODD GROUNDWATER,
H&H Water Resources,
and Stantec
Table of Contents
Executive Summary.............................................................................................................. ES-1
1. Introduction................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1. Purpose of the Groundwater Sustainability Plan ................................................... 1-1
1.2. Sustainability Goal ................................................................................................. 1-3
1.3. Agency Information ............................................................................................... 1-4
1.3.1. Organization and Management Structure..................................................... 1-4
1.3.2. Legal Authority............................................................................................... 1-5
1.3.3. GSP Implementation Cost Estimate and Schedule ........................................ 1-5
1.4. GSP Organization ................................................................................................... 1-6
2. Plan Area........................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1. Description of the Plan Area .................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.1. Geographic Area ............................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.2. Jurisdictional Agencies................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.3. Disadvantaged Communities......................................................................... 2-2
2.1.4. Water Supply Sources.................................................................................... 2-3
2.1.5. Water Use Sectors.......................................................................................... 2-4
2.1.6. Water Resources Monitoring and Management Programs........................... 2-5
2.1.7. General Plans, Land Use Planning, and Well Permitting ............................. 2-10
2.1.8. Notice and Communication ......................................................................... 2-12
3. Hydrogeologic Conceptual Model ................................................................................. 3-1
3.1. Physical Setting and Topography........................................................................... 3-1
3.2. Surface Water Features......................................................................................... 3-1
3.3. Soils........................................................................................................................ 3-2
3.4. Geologic Setting ..................................................................................................... 3-2
3.5. Faults...................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.6. Principal Aquifer..................................................................................................... 3-4
3.6.1. Description of Principal Aquifer..................................................................... 3-4
3.6.2. Description of Lateral Boundaries ................................................................. 3-4
3.7. Definable Basin Bottom ......................................................................................... 3-4
3.8. Cross Sections........................................................................................................ 3-5
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and Stantec
3.9. Structures Affecting Groundwater......................................................................... 3-5
3.10. Recharge and Discharge Areas........................................................................... 3-5
3.11. Primary Groundwater Uses................................................................................ 3-6
3.11.1. Bedford Area.................................................................................................. 3-6
3.11.2. Coldwater Area .............................................................................................. 3-7
3.12. Data Gaps in the Hydrogeologic Conceptual Model.......................................... 3-7
4. Current and Historical Groundwater Conditions........................................................... 4-1
4.1. Groundwater Elevations........................................................................................ 4-1
4.1.1. Available Data ................................................................................................ 4-1
4.1.2. Groundwater Occurrence .............................................................................. 4-1
4.1.3. Groundwater Elevations and Trends............................................................. 4-1
4.1.4. Groundwater Flow ......................................................................................... 4-2
4.1.5. Vertical Groundwater Gradients.................................................................... 4-3
4.2. Changes In Groundwater Storage.......................................................................... 4-3
4.3. Land Subsidence and Potential for Subsidence..................................................... 4-3
4.3.1. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)........................................ 4-5
4.4. Groundwater Quality ............................................................................................. 4-5
4.4.1. Monitoring Networks..................................................................................... 4-6
4.5. Other Studies......................................................................................................... 4-7
4.5.1. Salt and Nutrient Management Plan 2017 .................................................... 4-7
4.6. Threats to Water Quality ....................................................................................... 4-7
4.6.1. Regulated Facilities........................................................................................ 4-7
4.6.2. Septic Systems ............................................................................................... 4-7
4.6.3. Non-point Sources ......................................................................................... 4-8
4.7. Key Constituents of Concern.................................................................................. 4-8
4.7.1. Key Constituents in Groundwater.................................................................. 4-8
4.7.2. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)........................................................................... 4-8
4.7.3. Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3 as N)....................................................................... 4-9
4.7.4. Other Constituents......................................................................................... 4-9
4.7.5. Vertical Variations in Water Quality ............................................................ 4-10
4.8. Seawater Intrusion Conditions............................................................................. 4-10
4.9. Interconnection of Surface Water and Groundwater.......................................... 4-10
4.9.1. Stream Flow Measurements........................................................................ 4-10
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TODD GROUNDWATER,
H&H Water Resources,
and Stantec
4.9.2. Depth to Groundwater................................................................................. 4-11
4.9.3. Riparian Vegetation ..................................................................................... 4-13
4.9.4. Wetlands...................................................................................................... 4-15
5. Water Budget................................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1. Water Budget Methodology .................................................................................. 5-1
5.2. Dry and Wet Periods.............................................................................................. 5-1
5.3. Water Balance Analysis Periods............................................................................. 5-2
5.4. Management Areas................................................................................................ 5-3
5.4.1. Bedford Management Area ........................................................................... 5-3
5.4.2. Coldwater Management Area........................................................................ 5-3
5.5. Methods of Analysis............................................................................................... 5-3
5.5.1. Rainfall-Runoff-Recharge Model.................................................................... 5-4
5.5.2. Groundwater Model ...................................................................................... 5-4
5.5.3. Simulation of Future Conditions.................................................................... 5-6
5.6. Surface Water Balance......................................................................................... 5-10
5.6.1. Inflows to Surface Water ............................................................................. 5-12
5.6.2. Outflows of Surface Water .......................................................................... 5-12
5.7. Groundwater Balance .......................................................................................... 5-13
5.7.1. Inflows to Groundwater............................................................................... 5-16
5.7.2. Outflows from Groundwater ....................................................................... 5-18
5.8. Change in Groundwater Storage ......................................................................... 5-19
5.9. Estimate of Sustainable Yield............................................................................... 5-20
6. Sustainable Management Criteria................................................................................. 6-1
6.1. Sustainability Goal ................................................................................................. 6-2
6.1.1. Description of Sustainability Goal.................................................................. 6-2
6.1.2. Approach to Sustainability Indicators............................................................ 6-2
6.1.3. Summary of Sustainable Management Criteria............................................. 6-3
6.2. Chronic Lowering of Groundwater Levels.............................................................. 6-4
6.2.1. Description of Undesirable Results................................................................ 6-5
6.2.2. Potential Causes of Undesirable Results........................................................ 6-6
6.2.3. Definition of Undesirable Results .................................................................. 6-6
6.2.4. Potential Effects on Beneficial Uses and Users.............................................. 6-7
6.2.5. Sustainable Management Criteria for Groundwater Levels.......................... 6-7
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TODD GROUNDWATER,
H&H Water Resources,
and Stantec
6.2.6. Minimum Thresholds..................................................................................... 6-9
6.2.7. Measurable Objectives ................................................................................ 6-12
6.3. Reduction of Groundwater Storage..................................................................... 6-13
6.3.1. Description of Undesirable Results.............................................................. 6-13
6.3.2. Potential Causes of Undesirable Results...................................................... 6-14
6.3.3. Definition of Undesirable Results ................................................................ 6-14
6.3.4. Potential Effects on Beneficial Uses and Users............................................ 6-14
6.3.5. Sustainable Management Criteria for Groundwater Storage...................... 6-14
6.3.6. Minimum Threshold..................................................................................... 6-16
6.3.7. Measurable Objectives ................................................................................ 6-18
6.4. Seawater Intrusion............................................................................................... 6-19
6.5. Land Subsidence .................................................................................................. 6-19
6.5.1. Description of Undesirable Results.............................................................. 6-19
6.5.2. Potential Causes of Undesirable Results...................................................... 6-20
6.5.3. Potential Effects on Beneficial Uses and Users............................................ 6-21
6.5.4. Minimum Threshold..................................................................................... 6-21
6.5.5. Measurable Objectives ................................................................................ 6-23
6.6. Degradation of Water Quality.............................................................................. 6-23
6.6.1. Potential Causes of Undesirable Results...................................................... 6-24
6.6.2. Description of Undesirable Results.............................................................. 6-25
6.6.3. Potential Effects on Beneficial Uses and Users............................................ 6-25
6.6.4. Sustainable Management Criteria for Groundwater Quality ...................... 6-25
6.6.5. Minimum Thresholds................................................................................... 6-26
6.6.6. Measurable Objectives ................................................................................ 6-29
6.7. Depletions of Interconnected Surface Water...................................................... 6-29
6.7.1. Description of Undesirable Results.............................................................. 6-30
6.7.2. Potential Causes of Undesirable Results...................................................... 6-30
6.7.3. Definition of Undesirable Results ................................................................ 6-35
6.7.4. Potential Effects on Beneficial Uses and Users............................................ 6-35
6.7.5. Sustainable Management Criteria for Interconnected Surface Water........ 6-36
6.7.6. Minimum Threshold..................................................................................... 6-36
6.7.7. Measurable Objective.................................................................................. 6-39
6.7.8. Data Gaps..................................................................................................... 6-39
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H&H Water Resources,
and Stantec
7. Monitoring Network ...................................................................................................... 7-1
7.1. Description of Monitoring Network....................................................................... 7-1
7.1.1. Chronic Lowering of Groundwater Levels...................................................... 7-3
7.1.2. Reduction of Groundwater in Storage........................................................... 7-4
7.1.3. Seawater Intrusion......................................................................................... 7-5
7.1.4. Subsidence ..................................................................................................... 7-5
7.1.5. Degraded Water Quality ................................................................................ 7-5
7.1.6. Depletion of Interconnected Surface Water.................................................. 7-6
7.2. Protocols for Data Collection and Monitoring....................................................... 7-7
7.2.1. Field Methods for Monitoring Well Data....................................................... 7-8
7.2.2. Field Methods for Groundwater Elevation Monitoring................................. 7-8
7.2.3. Field Methods for Groundwater Quality Monitoring .................................... 7-9
7.3. Representative Monitoring.................................................................................. 7-10
7.4. Data Management System (DMS) ........................................................................ 7-12
7.5. Assessment and Improvement of Monitoring Network...................................... 7-12
7.5.1. Identification and Description of Data Gaps................................................ 7-12
7.5.2. Description of Steps to Fill Data Gaps.......................................................... 7-13
8. Projects and Management Actions................................................................................ 8-1
8.1. Action 1 – Provide for Collection, Compilation, and Storage of Information Required for Annual Reports and Submit Annual Reports................................................................ 8-1
8.2. Action 2 – Routinely Record Groundwater Levels and Take Action if Necessary.. 8-3
8.3. Action 3 – Monitor Selected Groundwater Quality Constituents and Coordinate with the Regional Water Quality Control Board as Appropriate ............................................... 8-3
8.4. Action 4 – Track Trends in Groundwater Levels near Temescal Wash and Take Action as Necessary....................................................................................................................... 8-4
8.5. Action 5 – Review InSAR Data on the DWR Dataviewer Annually and Compile During 5-Year Updates .................................................................................................................. 8-4
8.6. Project 1 – Investigate Groundwater/Surface Water Interaction at Temescal Wash 8-4
8.7. Project 2 – Initiate a Survey of Active Private Wells.............................................. 8-5
8.8. Project 3 – Evaluation of the Effects of Aggregate Pits on Groundwater Flow and Quality8-6
9. Plan Implementation ..................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1. Plan Implementation Resources and Responsibilities........................................... 9-1
9.2. Plan Implementation Costs.................................................................................... 9-2
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and Stantec
9.2.1. Operating Expenses ....................................................................................... 9-2
9.2.2. GSP Implementation Costs ............................................................................ 9-3
9.2.3. Funding Methods for Operating Expenses and GSP Implementation Costs.. 9-3
9.3. Annual Reporting ................................................................................................... 9-4
9.4. New Information and Changes.............................................................................. 9-4
9.5. Periodic Evaluations............................................................................................... 9-4
9.6. Schedule For Implementation ............................................................................... 9-5
10. References................................................................................................................... 10-7 List of Tables
Table 1-1. GSP Preparation Checklist..................................................................................... 1-7 Table 5-1. Water Year Type Classification (Lake Elsinore station)......................................... 5-2 Table 5-2. Bedford-Coldwater Basin Land Use in 1990, 2018 and 2068 (acres).................... 5-9 Table 5-3. Average Annual Surface Water Budgets............................................................. 5-11 Table 5-4. Average Annual Groundwater Budgets.............................................................. 5-15 Table 5-5. Estimated Sustainable Yield................................................................................ 5-20 Table 6-1. Minimum Thresholds for Groundwater Levels..................................................... 6-8 Table 6-2. Bedford-Coldwater Water Quality Monitoring Wells......................................... 6-25 Table 6-3. Summary of Recent Average Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Nitrate Concentrations by Management Area................................................................................. 6-27 Table 7-1. Bedford Coldwater Monitoring Network Summary ............................................. 7-2 Table 7-2. Wells in the Bedford-Coldwater Groundwater Sustainability Agency Monitoring Network ............................................................................................................................... 7-11 Table 7-3. Identification and Description of Data Gaps....................................................... 7-13 Table 8-1. Action 1 – Provide for Collection, Compilation, and Storage of Information Required for Annual Reports and Submit Annual Reports.................................................... 8-8 Table 8-2. Action 2 – Routinely Record Groundwater Levels and Take Action if Necessary . 8-9 Table 8-3. Action 3 – Monitor Selected Groundwater Quality Constituents and Coordinate with the Regional Water Quality Control Board as Appropriate......................................... 8-10 Table 8-4. Action 4 – Track Trends in Groundwater Levels near Temescal Wash and Take Action as Necessary ............................................................................................................. 8-11 Table 8-5. Action 5 – Review InSAR Data on the SGMA Dataviewer During Updates......... 8-12 Table 8-6. Project 1 – Investigate Groundwater/Surface Water Interaction at Temescal Wash ..................................................................................................................................... 8-13
Bedford-Coldwater GSP vii
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H&H Water Resources,
and Stantec
Table 8-7. Project 2 – Initiate a Survey of Private Wells...................................................... 8-14 Table 8-8. Project 3 – Evaluation of the Effects of Aggregate Pits on Groundwater Flow and Quality.................................................................................................................................. 8-15 Table 9-1. Example GSP Implementation Responsibilities .................................................... 9-2 Table 9-2. GSP Implementation Cost Estimates .................................................................... 9-3 List of Figures
Figure ES-1. Bedford-Coldwater Basin................................................................................. ES-2 Figure ES-2. Bedford-Coldwater Basin Management Areas................................................ ES-3 Figure ES-3. Cumulative Storage Change: Bedford Management Area............................... ES-5 Figure ES-4. Cumulative Storage Change: Coldwater Management Area........................... ES-6 Figure 1-1. Bedford-Coldwater Groundwater Basin and GSA, and Adjacent Basins............. 1-2 Figure 1-2. SGMA Undesirable Results.................................................................................. 1-3 Figure 1-3. BCGSA Management Structure............................................................................ 1-5 Figure 2-1. Jurisdictional Boundaries, Bedford-Coldwater Basin ........................................ 2-14 Figure 2-2. Water Purveyor Boundaries, Bedford-Coldwater Basin.................................... 2-15 Figure 2-3. Estimated Density of All Wells........................................................................... 2-16 Figure 2-4. Estimated Density of Domestic Wells................................................................ 2-17 Figure 2-5. Estimated Density of Production Wells............................................................. 2-18 Figure 2-6. Estimated Density of Public Wells..................................................................... 2-19 Figure 2-7. Water Infrastructure.......................................................................................... 2-20 Figure 2-8. Land Use 2014 ................................................................................................... 2-21 Figure 2-9. General Plan Land Use Designations................................................................. 2-22 Figure 3-1. Basin Topography ................................................................................................ 3-8 Figure 3-2. Surface Water Bodies Tributary to Basin............................................................. 3-9 Figure 3-3. Subwatersheds Tributary to Basin..................................................................... 3-10 Figure 3-4. Basin Soil Hydrologic Properties........................................................................ 3-11 Figure 3-5. Surficial Geology ................................................................................................ 3-12 Figure 3-6. Depth to Bedrock............................................................................................... 3-13 Figure 3-7. Cross Section Line Orientations......................................................................... 3-14 Figure 3-8. Cross Section A to A’.......................................................................................... 3-15 Figure 3-9. Cross Section B to B’ .......................................................................................... 3-16 Figure 3-10. Groundwater Recharge and Discharge............................................................ 3-17
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H&H Water Resources,
and Stantec
Figure 4-1. Historically Monitored Wells............................................................................. 4-17 Figure 4-2. Representative Hydrographs Flagler Wells 2 and 2A ........................................ 4-18 Figure 4-3. Representative Hydrographs Non-Potable Well 1............................................. 4-19 Figure 4-4. Representative Hydrographs TVWD Well 4....................................................... 4-20 Figure 4-5. Representative Hydrographs New Sump........................................................... 4-21 Figure 4-6. Representative Hydrographs Corona Well 3 ..................................................... 4-22 Figure 4-7. Groundwater Elevation Contours, Fall 2015 ..................................................... 4-23 Figure 4-8. Groundwater Elevation Contours, Spring 2018................................................. 4-24 Figure 4-9. Concepts of Land Subsidence ............................................................................ 4-25 Figure 4-10. Basin-Wide Subsidence Estimates from Satellite Measurements................... 4-26 Figure 4-11. Wells with Water Quality Monitoring Data..................................................... 4-27 Figure 4-12. Total Dissolved Solids Concentrations in Wells 2011 through 2019 ............... 4-28 Figure 4-13. Nitrate as Nitrogen Concentrations in Wells................................................... 4-29 Figure 4-14. Local Watersheds and Gauging Stations ......................................................... 4-30 Figure 4-15. Local Streamflow 2013 through 2020 ............................................................. 4-31 Figure 4-16. Water Level Monitoring Wells and Riparian Vegetation................................. 4-32 Figure 4-17. Hydrographs for Wells with Shallow Depth to Water..................................... 4-33 Figure 4-18. Recent Riparian Vegetation Aerial Imagery..................................................... 4-34 Figure 4-19. TVWD Wastewater Treatment Plant Discharges, 2011 to 2018 ..................... 4-35 Figure 4-20. Aerial Photograph of Part of Temescal Wash in 1967..................................... 4-36 Figure 4-21. Wetlands in Basin ............................................................................................ 4-37 Figure 4-22. Coastal California Gnatcatcher Critical Habitat Area....................................... 4-38 Figure 5-1. Cumulative Departure of Annual Precipitation ................................................. 5-23 Figure 5-2. Management Areas ........................................................................................... 5-24 Figure 5-3. Effect of Climate Change on Precipitation and Evapotranspiration.................. 5-25 Figure 5-4. Land Use in 2068................................................................................................ 5-26 Figure 5-5. Surface Water Budgets 1990 through 2018 ...................................................... 5-27 Figure 5-6. Annual Groundwater Budgets, 1990 to 2018.................................................... 5-28 Figure 5-7. Annual Groundwater Budgets, Baseline............................................................ 5-29 Figure 5-8. Annual Groundwater Budgets, Growth Plus Climate Change ........................... 5-30 Figure 5-9. Average Annual Dispersed Recharge 1993 through 2007................................. 5-31 Figure 5-10. Cumulative Storage Changes 1990 to 2068..................................................... 5-32 Figure 6-1. Water Level Key Wells....................................................................................... 6-41