the FHLBs is to liquefy the housing -related assets of its members who must purchase stock in their district bank.
FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORPORATION (FHLMC): FHLMC is a stockholder owned , government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) chartered by Congress in 1970 to keep money flowing to mortgage lenders in support of homeownership and rental housing for middle -income Americans. The FHLMC, also known as Freddie Mac, purchases, guarantees, and sec uritizes mortgages to form mortgage-backed securities.
FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (FNMA): FNMA, or Fannie Mae, was chartered under the Federal National Mortgage Association Act in 1938. FNMA is a federal corporation working under the auspices of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). It is the largest single provider of residential mortgage funds in the United States. Fannie Mae, as the corporation is called, is a private stockholder -owned corporation. The corporation's purchases include a variety of adjustable mortgages and second lo ans in addition to fixed - rate mortgages. FNMA securities are also highly liquid and are widely accepted. FNMA assumes and guarantees that all security holders will receive timely payment of principal and interest.
FEDERAL OPEN MARKET COMMITTEE (FOMC): Consists of seven members of the Federal Reserve Board and five of the twelve Federal Reserve Bank Presidents. The President of the New York Federal Reserve Bank is a permanent member, while the other Presidents serve on a rotating basis. The Committee pe riodically meets to set Federal Reserve guidelines regarding purchases and sales of Government Securities in the open market as a means of influencing the volume of bank credit and money.
FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM : The central bank of the United States created by Congress and consisting of a seven-member Board of Governors in Washington, D. C., 12 regional banks and about 5,700 commercial banks that are members of the system.
GOVERNMENT NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION (GNMA or Ginnie Mae): Mortgage- backed securities influencing the volume of affordable housing loans and that are guaranteed by GNMA. Security holder is protected by full faith and credit of the U.S.
Government. Underlying mortgages for Ginnie Mae securities include those issued, insured, or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Rural Development (RD), and the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Office of Public and Indian Housing (PIH).
The term “pass throughs” is often used to describe Ginnie Maes.
LOCAL AGENCY INVESTMENT FUND (LAIF): LAIF was established by the State to enable treasurers to place funds in a pool for investment. Each agency is limited to an investment of $65 million per account.
LIQUIDITY: A liquid asset is one that can be converted easily and rapidly into cash without a substantial loss of value. In the money market, a security is said to be liquid if the spread between bid and asked prices is narrow and reasonable size can be done at those quotes.
MARKET VALUE: The price at which a security is trading and could presumably be purchased or sold.
MASTER REPURCHASE AGREEMENT: A written contract covering all future transactions between the parties to repurchase – reverse repurchase agreements that establish each party’s rights in the transactions. A master agreement will often specify, among other things, the right of the buyer-lender to liquidate the underlying securities in the event of default by the seller borrower.
MATURITY: The date upon which the principal or stated value of an investment becomes due and payable.
MONEY MARKET: The market in which short -term debt instruments (bills, commercial paper, bankers’ acceptances, etc.) are issued and traded.
NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED STATISTICAL -RATING ORGANIZATION (NRSRO): A nationally recognized statistical rating corporation (NRSRO) is a credit rating agency that issues credit rating that the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) permits other financial firms to use for certain regulatory purposes.
NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION (NCUA): Created by the U.S. Congress in 1970, the National Credit Union Administration is an independent federal agency that insures deposits at federally insured credit unions, protects the members who own credit unions, and charters and regulates federal credit unions. Insured CDs up to a 250,000 limit.
PORTFOLIO: Collection of securities held by an investor.
PRIMARY DEALER: A group of government securities dealers who submit daily reports of market activity and positions and monthly financial statements to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and are subject to its informal oversight. Primary dealers include Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) – registered securities broker-dealers, banks, and a few unregulated firms.
PRUDENT PERSON RULE: An investment standard. In some states the law requires that a fiduciary, such as a trustee, may invest money only in a list of securities selected by the custody state – the so-called legal list. In other states the trustee may invest in a security if it is one which would be bought by a prudent person of discretion and intelligence who is seeking a reasonable income and preservation of capital.
RATE OF RETURN: The yield obtainable on a security based on its purchase price or its current market price. This may be the amortized yield to maturity on a bond the current income return.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENT (RP OR REPO): A holder of securities sells these securities to an investor with an agreement to repurchase them at a fixed price on a fixed date. The security “buyer” in effect lends the “seller” money for the period of the agreement, and the terms of the agreement are structure to compensate him for this. Dealers use RP extensively to finance their positions. Exception: When the Fed is said to be doing RP, it is lending money, or increasing
bank reserves.
SAFEKEEPING: A service to customers rendered by banks for a fee whereby securities and valuables of all types and descriptions are held in the bank’s vaults for protection.
SECONDARY MARKET: A market made for the purchase and sale of outstanding issues following the initial distribution.
SECURITIES & EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC): Agency created by Congress to protect investors in securities transactions by administering securities legislation.
SEC RULE 15C3-1: See Uniform Net Capital Rule.
SUPRANATIONALS: A supranational organization is formed by a group of countries through an international treaty with specific objectives such as promoting economic development.
Supranational organizations also issue debt in the United States. The most recognized supranational debt is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD or World Bank), International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Inter -American Development Bank (IADB). The City can only invest in the above-named Supranational organizations, as outlined in Section VIII.
TREASURY BILLS: A non-interest bearing discount security issued by the U.S. Treasury to finance the national debt. Most bills are issued to mature in three months, six months, or one year.
TREASURY BONDS : Long-term coupon -bearing U.S. Treasury securities issued as direct obligations of the U.S. Government and having initial maturities of more than ten years.
TREASURY NOTES: Medium-term coupon -bearing U.S. Treasury securities issued as direct obligations of the U.S. Government and having initial maturities from two to 10 years
UNIFORM NET CAPITAL RULE : Securities and Exchange Commission requirement that member firms as well as nonmember broker -dealers in securities maintain a maximum ratio of indebtedness to liquid capital of 15 to 1; also called net capital rule and net capital ratio.
Indebtedness covers all mon ey owed to a firm, including margin loans and commitments to purchase securities, one reason new public issues are spread among members of underwriting syndicates. Liquid capital includes cash and assets easily converted into cash.
YIELD: The rate of annual income return on an investment, expressed as a percentage. (a) INCOME YIELD is obtained by dividing the current dollar income by the current market price for the security. (b) NET YIELD or YIELD TO MATURITY is the current income yield min us any premium above par or plus any discount from par in purchase price, with the adjustment spread over the period from the date of purchase to the date of maturity of the bond.
12.J.
AGENDA
STAFF REPORT
MEETING DATE: 6/2/2026 AGENDA SECTION: CONSENT CALENDAR
SUBJECT:
Adoption of Resolution 26-32-R establishing the 2026/2027 appropriations limit of $103,123,873 for the City of Hanford's General Fund
RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends that City Council adopt Resolution 26-32-R establishing the appropriations limit (Gann Appropriations Limit) for the 2026/2027 fiscal year in the amount of $103,123,873 for the General Fund.
RECOMMENDED MOTION: I move to adopt Resolution 26-32-R establishing the appropriation limit (Gann Appropriations Limit) for the 2026/2027 fiscal year in the amount of $103,123,873 for the General Fund.
BACKGROUND:
Annually, City Council is required by the State to approve the appropriation limit for the City of Hanford. The Appropriation Limitation imposed by Propositions 4 and 111, known as the Gann Appropriations Limit, creates a restriction on the amount of tax proceeds which can be appropriated in any fiscal year. The limit bears little to no meaningful connection to the City budget (the appropriations limit established by the required formula is substantially higher than City of Hanford tax proceeds both currently and historically). The limit is based on actual appropriations during the 1978-79 fiscal year and is increased each year by a factor comprised of the change in population combined with the change in California per capita personal income.
The General Fund is the only fund subject to the appropriation limit mandated by the State of California. Any challenge to the appropriations limit must be brought within 45 days from the effective date of the resolution.
The State of California Department of Finance provides the population and California per capita personal income change data for local jurisdictions to calculate their appropriations limit. Based on the following data received from the Department of Finance, a population change of -.45% and per capita income change of 4.95%, the appropriations limit for Hanford is $103,123,873. The General Fund appropriation subject to limitation for the fiscal year 2026/2027 is $56,234,170, which is well under the appropriations limit as shown in Table 1, Gann Appropriations Limit.
Table 2, lists General Fund proceeds of taxes (budgeted). As shown in Table 1, the amount of taxes is equivalent to the budgeted expenditures subject to the 2026/2027 limit.
FISCAL IMPACT:
No fiscal impact.
ATTACHMENTS:
1. Department of Finance Letter
2. Schedule to adjust and calculate the Fiscal Year 2026/2027
3. Resolution 26-32-R
May 1, 2026
Dear Fiscal Officer:
Price Factor and Population Information
Appropriations Limit
California Revenue and Taxation Code section 2227 requires the Department of Finance to transmit an estimate of the percentage change in population to local governments.
Each local jurisdiction must use their percentage change in population factor for January 1, 2026, in conjunction with a change in the cost of living, or price factor, to calculate their appropriations limit for fiscal year 2026–27. Attachment A provides the change in California’s per capita personal income and an example for utilizing the factors to calculate the 2026–27 appropriations limit. Attachment B provides the city and
unincorporated county population percentage change. Attachment C provides the population percentage change for counties and their summed incorporated areas. The population percentage change data excludes federal and state institutionalized populations and military populations.
Population Percent Change for Special Districts
Some special districts must establish an annual appropriations limit. California Revenue and Taxation Code section 2228 provides additional information regarding the appropriations limit. Article XIII B, section 9(C) of the California Constitution exempts certain special districts from the appropriations limit calculation mandate. Special districts required by law to calculate their appropriations limit must present the calculation as part of their annual audit. Any questions special districts have on this requirement should be directed to their county, district legal counsel, or the law itself. No state agency reviews the local appropriations limits.
Population Certification
The population certification program applies only to cities and counties. California Revenue and Taxation Code section 11005.6 mandates Finance to automatically certify any population estimate that exceeds the current certified population with the State Controller’s Office. Finance will certify the higher estimate to the State Controller by June 1, 2026. Please note: The prior year’s city population estimates may be revised.
The per capita personal income change is based on historical data.
If you have any questions regarding this data, please contact the Demographic Research Unit at (916) 323-4086.
/s Erika Li
Attachment
May 2026
Attachment A
A. Price Factor: Article XIII B specifies that local jurisdictions select their cost of living factor to compute their appropriation limit by a vote of their governing body. The cost of living factor provided here is per capita personal income. If the percentage change in per capita personal income is selected, the percentage change to be used in setting the fiscal year 2026 –27
appropriation limit
is:
Pe
r Capita Personal Income
Fis
cal Year Percentage change
(FY) over prior year
2026
-27 4.95
B. Fo
llowing is an example using sample population change and the change in California per capita personal income as growth factors in computing a 2026–27 appropriation limit.
2026–27:
Per Capita Cost of Living Change = 4.95 percent
Population Change = -0.14 percent
Pe
r Capita Cost of Living converted to a ratio: 4.95 + 100 = 1.0495 100
Po
pulation converted to a ratio: -0.14 + 100 = 0.9986
100
Calculation of factor for FY 2026–27: 1.0495 x 0.9986 = 1.0480
About the Data
FISCAL YEAR 2026-27
Attachment B
Annual Percent Change in Population Minus Exclusions*
January 1, 2025 to January 1, 2026, and Total Population January 1, 2026 City County
Percent Change
25-26
Population Minus
Exclusions 1-1-25
Population Minus
Exclusions 1-1-26 Total Population 1-1-26
Hanford Kings -0.45 61,113 60,837 60,837
Lemoore Kings -1.52 27,637 27,216 27,216
Unincorporated Kings -2.42 25,531 24,912 31,055
Incorporated Kings -0.91 111,915 110,902 122,699
County Total Kings -1.19 137,446 135,814 153,754
Schedule “A”
CITY OF HANFORD
SCHEDULE TO ADJUST AND CALCULATE THE
FISCAL YEAR 2026/2027 GANN APPROPRIATION LIMIT
2025/2026 Appropriation Limit $98,702,022
Add Appropriations for Annexation, Financial
or Tax Administration Responsibility Change
0 Subtotal $98,702,022
Apply Ratio of Change Factor (Table 1) –
1.0448
4,421,851
2026/2027 Appropriation Limit $103,123,873
RESOLUTION No. 26-32-R
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF HANFORD ESTABLISHING THE 2026/2027 APPROPRIATONS LIMIT
WHEREAS, in 1979, California voters approved Proposition 4 (Article XIII-B of the California State Constitution). Informally known as the “Gann Initiative,” Article XIII-B provides limits to the amount of tax proceeds state and local governments can spend each year.
WHEREAS, in 1980, the State Legislature added Section 9710 of the Government Code stating that the governing body of each City must establish, by resolution, an appropriations limit for the following year.
The limit for any fiscal year is equal to the previous year’s limit, adjusted for population changes and the change in the U.S. Consumer Price Index (or California per capita personal income, if smaller). The necessary statistical information is provided by the California Department of Finance.
WHEREAS, Proposition 111 modified Article XIII-B. A City may choose which annual adjustments to use.
The adjustment factors include the growth in the California Per Capita Income, or the growth in the non- residential assessed valuation.
AND IT FURTHER provided for the 2026-27 fiscal year, any challenge to the appropriations limit must be brought within 45 days from the effective date of the resolution.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the appropriations limit as defined by Propositions 4 and 111 is set at $103,123,873 for 2026/2027 fiscal year using a percentage change population growth factor of -.45% and percentage change in per capita income of 4.95% as established by the California Department of Finance.
PASSED and ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Hanford at a regular meeting duly held on this 2nd day of June, 2026 by the following vote:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTAIN:
______________________
Mark Kairis
MAYOR of the City of Hanford
ATTEST:
______________________
Natalie Corral
City Clerk
STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF KINGS ) ss
CITY OF HANFORD )
I, Natalie Corral, City Clerk of the City of Hanford, do hereby certify the foregoing Resolution was duly passed and adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Hanford held on the 2nd day of June, 2026.
Date: ____________________
_________________________________
City Clerk
13.A.
AGENDA
STAFF REPORT
MEETING DATE: 6/2/2026 AGENDA SECTION: PUBLIC HEARING
SUBJECT:
Public Hearing and reporting on City of Hanford vacancies, recruitment, and retention efforts in compliance with Assembly Bill 2561
RECOMMENDATION:
Recommended: The City Council shall conduct a public hearing and receive input from employee organizations, in compliance with Assembly Bill (AB) 2561, regarding the City of Hanford’s vacancy rates and recruitment and retention efforts.
Recommended Motion: Receive and file, no action is required.
BACKGROUND:
Background: On September 22, 2024, Governor Newsom signed Assembly Bill (AB) 2561 into law to amend the Meyers-Millias-Brown Act and create a new obligation for public agencies to address the status of their vacancies publicly. At least once each fiscal year, an agency’s governing board must hold a public hearing and receive the agency’s report on the status of vacancies and recruitment and retention efforts. During the public hearing, the agency must allow the recognized employee bargaining unit to present at the hearing.
Under AB 2561, if job vacancies within a bargaining unit reach 20% or more of authorized full-time positions, the agency must provide specific information at a public hearing upon union request. As of May 11, 2026, no bargaining unit meets this threshold. Data was again reviewed most recently, and again no bargaining units meet this threshold.
AB 2561 also requires that during the public hearing, the agency must identify any necessary changes to policies, procedures, and recruitment activities that may lead to hiring obstacles. Staff have not identified any necessary changes to policies and procedures that may present obstacles in the hiring process. The City continues to implement initiatives that support recruitment and retention, as outlined in the attached presentation.
FISCAL IMPACT:
None
ATTACHMENTS:
1. AB 2561 Presentation
2. AB2561 Public Hearing Information
3. AB-2561 Text
AB 2561: Public Hearing
Vacancy Rates and Recruitment/Retention Efforts
CALIFORNIA
ASSEMBLY BILL 2561
AB 2561 Overview
• AB 2561 requires local public agencies to hold an annual public hearing prior to budget adoption.
• The hearing includes reporting on vacancy rates by bargaining group and the City’s recruitment and retention efforts.
• Employee organizations are provided an opportunity to address the City Council regarding vacancy rates and related impacts. • The City must also review recruitment practices, procedures, and policies to identify potential hiring obstacles.
CITYWIDE STAFFING OVERVIEW
Staffing data as of May 11, 2026
• Total Allocated Positions: 333
• Total Vacant Positions: 14
• Citywide Vacancy Rate: 4.2%
319
14 Filled Positions
Vacancies
VACANCY RATES
BY BARGAINING GROUP
Bargaining Group Budgeted Vacancies Vacancy Rate
Executive Management Employees Association (EMEA) 8 0 0% Professional Upper Management Association (PUMA) 21 1 4.76% General Employees Management Association (GEMA) 40 1 2.5% Hanford Police Officers Association (HPOA) 72 3 4.17%
Hanford Professional Firefighters Association (HPFF) 34 2 5.88% Service Employees International Union Local 521 (SEIU) 158 7 4.43% Citywide Total 333 14 4.20%
No bargaining group currently meets or exceeds the 20% vacancy threshold established under AB 2561.
RECRUITMENT EFFORTS
Recruitment Outreach
• Social media recruitment
• Online job postings and job
boards
• Agency outreach
• Industry-specific advertising
• Internship recruitment
pipeline
Recruitment Incentives
• $1,500 referral stipend
• Signing bonuses for
lateral/experienced
candidates
• Vacation credit upon hire
Recruitment Enhancements
• NeoGov Applicant Tracking
System
• Online onboarding
• CritiCall Testing
• Streamlined hiring
processes
Recruitment Activity*
May 10, 2025 – May 11, 2026
57 Full-Time Recruitments |
4,897 Applications Reviewed |
40 Full-Time Hires
28 Job Classifications Created/Amended |
43 Promotions/Reclassifications
*This data does not include part-time/seasonal positions.
RETENTION AND EMPLOYEE SUPPORT
Employee Benefits
• Multiple medical plan options
• City Clinic for employees/dependents
• Deferred Compensation matching
• Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
• Wellness Programs
Workplace Flexibility
• Alternative work schedules
• Telecommuting opportunities
• Paid holiday closure (Christmas Eve through New Year’s Day) Employee Development
• Tuition reimbursement
• Certification pay
• Longevity incentives
• Recognition programs
POLICY REVIEW & QUESTIONS
Staff reviewed current recruitment practices,
procedures, and policies and did not identify
significant hiring obstacles at this time.
The City will continue evaluating recruitment
and retention strategies to remain competitive.
BARGAINING UNIT PRESENTATIONS
Recognized employee organizations are provided an opportunity to address the City Council regarding:
• Vacancy rates
• Recruitment efforts
• Retention efforts
• Impacts to represented positions
Total number of full-time allocated positions 333
Total number of full-time vacancies 14
Vacancy rate % 4.20
Executive Management Employees Association (EMEA)
Number of EMEA/Unrepresented allocated positions 8
Number of EMEA/Unrepresented vacancies 0
Vacancy rate % 0.00
General Employees Management Association (GEMA)
Number of GEMA allocated positions 40
Number of GEMA vacancies 1
Vacancy rate % 2.50
Hanford Police Officers Association (HPOA)
Number of HPOA allocated positions 72
Number of HPOA vacancies 3
Vacancy rate % 4.17
Hanford Professional Firefighters Local 3898, IAFF
Number of IAFF allocated positions 34
Number of IAFF vacancies 2
Vacancy rate % 5.88
Professional Upper Management Association (PUMA)
Number of PUMA allocated positions 21
Number of PUMA vacancies 1
Vacancy rate % 4.76
Service Employees International Unit (SEIU Local 521)
Number of SEIU allocated positions 158
Number of SEIU vacancies 7
Vacancy rate % 4.43
Above data compiled as of 5/11/2026
AB 2561 Public Hearing Information
Tuesday, June 2, 2026
Vacancies by Job Title Bargaing Group
Battalion Chief IAFF
Firefighter IAFF
Fleet Mechanic I/II SEIU
Office Assistant I/II SEIU
Parks Maintenance Worker I SEIU
Police Officer HPOA
Police Officer HPOA
Police Officer HPOA
Principal Planner PUMA
Senior Communications Dispatcher SEIU
Senior Construction Inspector GEMA
Senior Utilities Maintenance Worker SEIU
Storm Maintenance Worker I/II SEIU
Water Operator I/II SEIU
Above data compiled as of 5/11/2026
Turnover Rate Information
35 331
10.57 Data compiled using date range 5/12/2025 to 5/11/2026 Total number of separations (resignations, terminations, retirements) Average number of allocated positions
Turnover rate %
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Date Published: 09/23/2024 09:00 PM
AB-2561 Local public employees: vacant positions. (2023-2024) Assembly Bill No. 2561
CHAPTER 409
An act to add Section 3502.3 to the Government Code, relating to public employment. [ Approved by Governor September 22, 2024. Filed with Secretary of State September 22, 2024. ]
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
AB 2561, McKinnor. Local public employees: vacant positions.
Existing law, the Meyers-Milias-Brown Act (act), authorizes local public employees, as defined, to form, join, and participate in the activities of employee organizations of their own choosing for the purpose of representation on matters of labor relations. The act requires the governing body of a public agency to meet and confer in good faith regarding wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment with representatives of recognized employee organizations and to consider fully presentations that are made by the employee organization on behalf of its members before arriving at a determination of policy or course of action.
This bill would, as specified, require a public agency to present the status of vacancies and recruitment and retention efforts at a public hearing at least once per fiscal year, and would entitle the recognized employee organization to present at the hearing. If the number of job vacancies within a single bargaining unit meets or exceeds 20% of the total number of authorized full-time positions, the bill would require the public agency, upon request of the recognized employee organization, to include specified information during the public hearing. By imposing new duties on local public agencies, the bill would impose a state-mandated local program. The bill would also include related legislative findings.
The California Constitution requires local agencies, for the purpose of ensuring public access to the meetings of public bodies and the writings of public officials and agencies, to comply with a statutory enactment that amends or enacts laws relating to public records or open meetings and contains findings demonstrating that the enactment furthers the constitutional requirements relating to this purpose.
This bill would make legislative findings to that effect.
The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.
This bill would provide that no reimbursement shall be made pursuant to these statutory provisions for costs mandated by the state pursuant to this act, but would recognize that a local agency or school district may pursue any available remedies to seek reimbursement for these costs.
Vote: majority
Appropriation: no Fiscal Committee: yes Local Program: yes Home Bill Information California Law Publications Other Resources My Subscriptions My Favorites Bill Text - AB-2561 Local public employees: vacant positions. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2561 1/3
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares as follows:
(a) Job vacancies in local government are a widespread and significant problem for the public sector affecting occupations across wage levels and educational requirements. (b) High job vacancies impact public service delivery and the workers who are forced to handle heavier workloads, with understaffing leading to burnout and increased turnover that further exacerbate staffing challenges.
(c) There is a statewide interest in ensuring that public agency operations are appropriately staffed and that high vacancy rates do not undermine public employee labor relations.
SEC. 2. Section 3502.3 is added to the Government Code, to read:
3502.3. (a) (1) A public agency shall present the status of vacancies and recruitment and retention efforts during a public hearing before the governing board at least once per fiscal year. (2) If the governing board will be adopting an annual or multiyear budget during the fiscal year, the presentation shall be made prior to the adoption of the final budget. (3) During the hearing, the public agency shall identify any necessary changes to policies, procedures, and recruitment activities that may lead to obstacles in the hiring process. (b) The recognized employee organization for a bargaining unit shall be entitled to make a presentation at the public hearing at which the public agency presents the status of vacancies and recruitment and retention efforts for positions within that bargaining unit.
(c) If the number of job vacancies within a single bargaining unit meets or exceeds 20 percent of the total number of authorized full-time positions, the public agency shall, upon request of the recognized employee organization, include all of the following information during the public hearing:
(1) The total number of job vacancies within the bargaining unit. (2) The total number of applicants for vacant positions within the bargaining unit. (3) The average number of days to complete the hiring process from when a position is posted. (4) Opportunities to improve compensation and other working conditions. (d) This section shall not prevent the governing board from holding additional public hearings about vacancies. (e) The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application.
(f) For purposes of this section, “recognized employee organization” has the same meaning as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 3501.
SEC. 3. The Legislature finds and declares that Section 2 of this act, which adds Section 3502.3 to the Government Code, furthers, within the meaning of paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section 3 of Article I of the California Constitution, the purposes of that constitutional section as it relates to the right of public access to the meetings of local public bodies or the writings of local public officials and local agencies. Pursuant to paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section 3 of Article I of the California Constitution, the Legislature makes the following findings:
It is in the public interest, and it furthers the purposes of paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section (3) of Article I of the California Constitution, to ensure that information concerning public agency employment is available to the public.
SEC. 4.
No reimbursement shall be made pursuant to Part 7 (commencing with Section 17500) of Division 4 of Title 2 of the Government Code for costs mandated by the state pursuant to this act. It is recognized, however, that a local agency or school district may pursue any remedies to obtain reimbursement available to it under Part 7 (commencing with Section 17500) and any other law.
Bill Text - AB-2561 Local public employees: vacant positions. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2561 2/3
13.B.
AGENDA
STAFF REPORT
MEETING DATE: 6/2/2026 AGENDA SECTION: PUBLIC HEARING
SUBJECT:
Public Hearing and Adoption of Resolution 26-25-R the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and Resolution 26-26-R the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) and authorizing its submittal to DWR.
RECOMMENDATION:
Staff recommends that the City Council:
1. Conduct a public hearing to receive input on the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP);
2. Adopt a Resolution approving the 2025 UWMP and authorizing its submittal to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR); and
3. Adopt a Resolution approving the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) and authorizing its submittal to DWR.
Recommended Motion:
I make a motion to:
1. Conduct a public hearing to receive input on the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP);
2. Adopt a Resolution approving the 2025 UWMP and authorizing its submittal to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR); and
3. Adopt a Resolution approving the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) and authorizing its submittal to DWR.
BACKGROUND:
The City of Hanford has prepared the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) in compliance with California Water Code Sections 10610 et seq., also known as the Urban Water Management Planning Act of 1983. Urban water suppliers providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 service connections or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually are required to prepare and adopt a UWMP every five years, in years ending in “0” and “5.” The UWMP serves as a comprehensive planning document intended to evaluate and ensure the reliability of the City’s water supply. It supports long-term resource planning, promotes water
conservation, and establishes a framework for managing water shortages and drought conditions.
The 2025 UWMP includes the following key components:
• Development of a long-term strategy for managing current and projected water demands; • Evaluation of potable and non-potable water supplies, including supply constraints under regulatory and hydrologic conditions;
• Assessment of water supply reliability under normal, single dry-year, and multiple dry-year (five consecutive years) scenarios through the year 2050; • Preparation of a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) that analyzes water supply and demand under a modeled five-year drought scenario; and
• Inclusion of a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), which identifies response actions to reduce demand and increase supply during water shortage conditions.
The analysis contained in the UWMP demonstrates that the City of Hanford is projected to have adequate water supplies to meet anticipated demands through the planning horizon, including during single and multiple dry-year scenarios, with implementation of the response actions identified in the WSCP.
The public noticing process included publishing notices in the City newspaper, posting information on the City website and social media, and emailing notices directly to stakeholders. A copy of the Draft Urban Water Management Plan was also posted on the City's Website for review. These efforts were made to maximize public awareness, encourage participation, and provide transparency. Stakeholder input is important to help the City understand community concerns, address potential impacts, and support informed decision-making. A copy of the Urban Water Management Plan can be found at: https://www.ci.hanford.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/2733
FISCAL IMPACT:
The preparation cost of the UWMP is included and approved as part of the Utilities & Engineering Department budget for FY25-26. There are no fiscal impacts associated with the adoption of the 2025 Urban Water Management and 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan. The preparation of the plans were funded using 20810000-749500 Funds (Water Operation Funds).
ATTACHMENTS:
1. UWMP Resolution 26-25-R
2. WSCP Resolution 26-26-R
3. Stakeholder Letter - President Kings County Water District
4. Stakeholder Letter - Deputy Director Kings County Water Commission
5. UWMP Draft Report
RESOLUTION NO. 26-25-R
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF HANFORD APPROVING THE 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
At a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Hanford, duly called and held on J u n e 2 , 2026, it was moved by Council Member _________________ , and seconded by Council Member ________________, and carried that the following resolution be adopted:
WHEREAS , The State of California Urban Water Management Planning Act, SB 797 and amendments thereto , requires the local agency to adopt and file with the State of California Department of Water Resources and updated Urban Water Management Plan every five years; after a noticed public hearing ; and
WHEREAS, a public hearing notice was published in the local newspaper and the public hearing held on Tuesday, June 2, 2026; and
WHEREAS , Section 15282 (v) of the California Environmental Quality Act states that the preparation of Urban Water Management Plans are statutorily exempt.
NOW, THEREFORE , BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Hanford does hereby approve the attached 2025 Urban Water Management Plan.
Passed and Adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Hanford duly called
and held on the 2nd day of June, 2026, by the following vote:
AYES: ________________________________________________________________ NOES:
ABSTAIN: _____________________________________________________________________ ABSENT: _______________________________________________________________________
________________________
MARK KAIRIS,
MAYOR of the City of Hanford
ATTEST: ____________________________
NATALIE CORRAL,
CITY CLERK and Clerk of the
Council of the City of Hanford
STATE OF CALIFORNIA)
COUNTY OF KINGS ) ss
CITY OF HANFORD )
I, NATALIE CORRAL, City Clerk of the City of Hanford, do hereby certify the foregoing Resolution was duly passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Hanford at a regular meeting thereof held on the 2nd day of June, 2026.
Date: ___________________, 2026
_____________________________
NATALIE CORRAL,
CITY CLERK and Clerk of the
Council of the City of Hanford
RESOLUTION NO. 26-26-R
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF HANFORD APPROVING THE 2025 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
At a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Hanford, duly called and held on J u n e 2 , 2026, it was moved by Council Member _________________ , and seconded by Council Member ________________, and carried that the following resolution be adopted:
WHEREAS , The State of California Water Shortage Con Planning Act, SB 797 and amendments thereto , requires the local agency to adopt and file with the State of California Department of Water Resource and updated Water Shortage Contingency Plan every five years; after a noticed public hearing ; and WHEREAS, a public hearing notice was published in the local newspaper and the public hearing held on Tuesday, June 2, 2026; and
WHEREAS , Section 15282 (v) of the California Environmental Quality Act states that the preparation of Water Shortage Contingency Plans are statutorily exempt.
NOW, THEREFORE , BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Hanford does hereby approve the attached 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
Passed and Adopted at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Hanford duly called
and held on the 2nd day of June, 2026, by the following vote:
AYES: ________________________________________________________________ NOES:
ABSTAIN: _____________________________________________________________________ ABSENT: _______________________________________________________________________
________________________
MARK KAIRIS,
MAYOR of the City of Hanford
ATTEST: ____________________________
NATALIE CORRAL,
CITY CLERK and Clerk of the
Council of the City of Hanford
STATE OF CALIFORNIA)
COUNTY OF KINGS ) ss
CITY OF HANFORD )
I, NATALIE CORRAL, City Clerk of the City of Hanford, do hereby certify the foregoing Resolution was duly passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Hanford at a regular meeting thereof held on the 2nd day of June, 2026.
Date: ___________________, 2026
_____________________________
NATALIE CORRAL,
CITY CLERK and Clerk of the
Council of the City of Hanford
CITY OF HANFORD
Public Works Department
900 10th Ave
Hanford, California 93230
December 17, 2025
Chip Mello, President
Kings County Water District
200 Campus Drive
Hanford, California 93230
Subject: City of Hanford’s 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
The City of Hanford (City) is currently updating its Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), last updated in 2020. Existing California state law requires each urban water supplier to prepare and adopt an urban water management plan every five years. The UWMP documents the City’s plans to secure adequate water supplies to meet existing and future potable and non-potable water demands under a range of water supply conditions, as well as demand conditions including water shortages.
The 2025 UWMP Update will summarize historical and projected water demands, assess the City’s drought risk, outline the process of an annual Demand and Supply Assessment, and document measures the City may enact in the event of a Water Shortage. A standalone Water Shortage Contingency Plan is also being prepared in conjunction with the UWMP and will be adopted simultaneously.
We anticipate having a Draft 2025 UWMP available for stakeholder review in May 2026. The final plan will be submitted to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) by July 1, 2026.
If you have any questions or would like additional information on the City’s 2025 UWMP update, please contact Robert Williams at [email protected] or by phone at (559) 585-2560.
Sincerely,
Robert Williams
Utilities Manager
City of Hanford
CITY OF HANFORD
Public Works Department
900 10th Ave
Hanford, California 93230
December 17, 2025
Alejandro Hernandez, Deputy Director – Planning
Kings County Water Commission
1400 Lacey Boulevard
Hanford, California 93230
Subject: City of Hanford’s 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
The City of Hanford (City) is currently updating its Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), last updated in 2020. Existing California state law requires each urban water supplier to prepare and adopt an urban water management plan every five years. The UWMP documents the City’s plans to secure adequate water supplies to meet existing and future potable and non-potable water demands under a range of water supply conditions, as well as demand conditions including water shortages.
The 2025 UWMP Update will summarize historical and projected water demands, assess the City’s drought risk, outline the process of an annual Demand and Supply Assessment, and document measures the City may enact in the event of a Water Shortage. A standalone Water Shortage Contingency Plan is also being prepared in conjunction with the UWMP and will be adopted simultaneously.
We anticipate having a Draft 2025 UWMP available for stakeholder review in May 2026. The final plan will be submitted to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) by July 1, 2026.
If you have any questions or would like additional information on the City’s 2025 UWMP update, please contact Robert Williams at [email protected] or by phone at (559) 585-2560.
Sincerely,
Robert Williams
Utilities Manager
City of Hanford
2 0 2 5 U r b a n W a t e r
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2025
URBAN WATER
MANAGEMENT
PLAN
DRAFT
April 16, 2026
CITY OF HANFORD
7 433 N O R T H F I R S T S T R E E T , S U I T E 1 0 3 • F R E S N O , C A L I F O R N I A 9 3 7 2 0 • ( 5 5 9 ) 4 3 6- 0 6 0 0 • F A X ( 5 5 9 ) 4 3 6- 062 2 www.akeleng.com
Smart Planning Our Water Resources
April 16, 2026
City of Hanford
319 North Douty Street
Hanford California, 93230
Attention: Bob Williams, Utilities Manager
Subject: 2025 Urban Water Management Plan - Draft
Dear Bob:
We are pleased to submit the City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (2025 UWMP), compliant with the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMPA) of 1983 and subsequent amendments.
The plan updates existing and future water needs through the next 25 years, includes a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA), and must be submitted to the California Department of Water Resources every five years.
We extend our thanks to you, Frank Senteno, Utility and Engineering Director; Lisa Dock, City Engineer; Christine Baca, Regulatory Compliance Analyst; and Jaklyn Hart, Associate Engineer; and other City staff whose courtesy and cooperation were valuable in reviewing and completing this study.
Sincerely,
AKEL ENGINEERING GROUP, INC.
Tony Akel, P.E.
Principal
Enclosure: 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Contact Sheet
Date this plan was submitted to the Department of Water Resources:
Name of Person(s) preparing this plan:
Bob Williams, Utilities Manager
City of Hanford
Phone: (559) 585-2560
Email: [email protected]
Tony Akel, P.E., Project Manager Akel
Engineering Group, Inc.
Phone: (559) 436-0600
Fax (559) 436-0622
Email: [email protected]
The Water supplier is a Municipality
The Water supplier is a Retailer
Utility Services provided by the water supplier include: Water, Sewer, Recycled Water Is this Agency a Bureau of Reclamation Contractor? No
Is this Agency a State Water Project Contractor? No
Acknowledgements
City Council
Mark Kairis, Mayor
Nancy Howze, Vice Mayor
Kimber Regan
Lou Martinez
Travis Paden
Management Personnel
Frank Senteno, Utilities and Engineering Director
Lisa Dock, City Engineer
Bob Williams, Utilities Manager, Project Manager
Christine Baca, Regulatory Compliance Analyst
Jaklyn Hart, Associate Engineer
April 2026 i City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of Contents Page No.
1.0 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ............................................................... 1-1
1.1 PURPOSE ..................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.2 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 1-2
1.3 UWMP IMPORTANCE .................................................................................................. 1-3
1.4 NOTABLE UPDATES SINCE 2020 UWMP .................................................................. 1-4
1.5 UWMP IN RELATION TO OTHER EFFORTS .............................................................. 1-5
1.6 UWMPS AND GRANT OR LOAN ELIGIBILITY ............................................................ 1-6
1.7 SUBMITTAL TABLES ................................................................................................... 1-7
1.8 REPORT ORGANIZATION ........................................................................................... 1-7
2.0 CHAPTER 2 – PLAN PREPARATION ................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 BASIS FOR PREPARING THIS PLAN ......................................................................... 2-1
2.2 INDIVIDUAL OR REGIONAL PLAN .............................................................................. 2-2
2.3 SUPPLIER IDENTIFICATION ....................................................................................... 2-3
2.4 COORDINATION AND OUTREACH ............................................................................ 2-3
2.5 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY ................................................................................ 2-4
3.0 CHAPTER 3 – SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION .................................................................... 3-1
3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 Location ........................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 Land Use .......................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.3 Socioeconomic Conditions ............................................................................... 3-2
3.2 SERVICE AREA BOUNDARY MAPS ........................................................................... 3-2
3.3 SERVICE AREA CLIMATE ........................................................................................... 3-7
3.3.1 Historic Climate Data ....................................................................................... 3-7
3.3.2 Climate Change ............................................................................................... 3-8
3.4 SERVICE AREA POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ............................................ 3-8
3.4.1 Service Area Population .................................................................................. 3-8
3.5 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY ................................................................................ 3-9
4.0 CHAPTER 4 – EXISTING AND PROJECTED WATER DEMANDS ...................................... 4-1
4.1 NON-POTABLE VERSUS POTABLE WATER USE ..................................................... 4-1
4.2 PAST, CURRENT AND PROJECTED WATER USE BY SECTOR .............................. 4-1
4.2.1 Historical Water Use ........................................................................................ 4-2
4.2.2 Current Water Use ........................................................................................... 4-3
4.2.3 Projected Water Use ........................................................................................ 4-3
4.2.4 Passive Water Savings .................................................................................... 4-4
4.2.5 Active Conservation Program Savings ............................................................ 4-5
4.2.6 Water Use for Lower Income Households ....................................................... 4-6
4.2.7 Climate Change Considerations ...................................................................... 4-6
4.3 DISTRIBUTIONS SYSTEM WATER LOSSES ............................................................. 4-7
4.3.1 Previous Five Years Distribution System Losses ............................................ 4-7
4.3.2 Progress Toward Meeting the Water Loss Performance Standard ................. 4-7
4.4 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY ................................................................................ 4-10
April 2026 ii City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
5.0 CHAPTER 5 – WATER CONSERVATION REQUIREMENTS ............................................... 5-1
5.1 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR RETAIL SUPPLIERS ....................................... 5-1
5.1.1 2020 Target & Historical Per Capita Use ......................................................... 5-1
5.2 SUPPLIER MET 2020 TARGET IN 2025 ...................................................................... 5-2
5.3 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY ................................................................................ 5-3
6.0 CHAPTER 6 – NORMAL-YEAR WATER SUPPLY ................................................................ 6-1
6.1 PURCHASED OR IMPORTED WATER ....................................................................... 6-1
6.2 GROUNDWATER ......................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2.1 Basin Description ............................................................................................. 6-2
6.2.1.1 Groundwater Basin ........................................................................ 6-2
6.2.1.2 Basin Boundaries ........................................................................... 6-3
6.2.1.3 Groundwater Quality ...................................................................... 6-5
6.2.2 Groundwater Management .............................................................................. 6-5
6.2.2.1 Groundwater Management Plan .................................................... 6-5
6.2.3 Overdraft Conditions ........................................................................................ 6-6
6.2.4 Past Five Years Groundwater Pumping ........................................................... 6-6
6.3 SURFACE WATER ....................................................................................................... 6-7
6.4 STORMWATER ............................................................................................................ 6-7
6.5 WASTEWATER AND RECYCLED WATER ................................................................. 6-7
6.5.1 Recycled Water Coordination .......................................................................... 6-9
6.5.2 Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal ............................................ 6-9
6.5.2.1 Wastewater Collected Within Service Area .................................... 6-9
6.5.2.2 Wastewater Treatment and Discharge Within Service Area .......... 6-9
6.5.3 Recycled Water System ................................................................................... 6-11
6.5.4 Current, Potential, and Projected Recycled Water Uses ................................. 6-11
6.5.4.1 Current and Planned Uses of Recycled Water .............................. 6-12
6.5.4.2 Planned Versus Actual Use of Recycled Water ............................. 6-12
6.5.4.3 Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use………………………………… .................................................. 6-14
6.6 DESALINATED WATER OPPORTUNITIES ................................................................. 6-14
6.7 WATER EXCHANGES AND TRANSFERS .................................................................. 6-15
6.8 FUTURE WATER PROJECTS ..................................................................................... 6-15
6.9 SUMMARY OF EXISTING AND PLANNED SOURCES OF WATER ........................... 6-16
6.10 CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................................... 6-17
6.11 ENERGY INTENSITY ................................................................................................... 6-18
6.12 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY ................................................................................ 6-19
7.0 CHAPTER 7 – WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT ......................................... 7-1
7.1 CONSTRAINTS ON WATER SOURCES CONSIDERATIONS .................................... 7-1
7.1.1 Legal Factors ................................................................................................... 7-2
7.1.2 Environmental Factors ..................................................................................... 7-2
7.1.3 Water Quality Factors ...................................................................................... 7-2
7.1.3.1 Arsenic…………………………………………………………………...7-2
7.1.3.2 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) ................................. 7-3
7.1.3.3 Trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) (California Only) ............................. 7-3
7.1.3.4 Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) ..................................... 7-4
7.1.3.5 Disinfection Byproduct Monitoring Rules ....................................... 7-4
7.1.4 Climatic Factors ............................................................................................... 7-4
7.2 WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT ........................................................ 7-5
7.2.1 WSRA Year-Type Characterization ................................................................. 7-5
April 2026 iii City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
7.2.2 WSRA Supply and Demand Comparison ........................................................ 7-6
7.2.2.1 Supply and Demand Comparisons – Normal Year ........................ 7-7
7.2.2.2 Supply and Demand Comparison – Single Dry Year ..................... 7-7
7.2.2.3 Supply and Demand Comparison – Five Consecutive Dry Years………………………. ............................................................ 7-8
7.2.3 WSRA Description of Management Tools and Options ................................... 7-8
7.3 DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT ................................................................................. 7-10
7.3.1 DRA Data, Methods, and Basis for Water Shortage Conditions ...................... 7-10
7.3.2 DRA Individual Water Source Reliability .......................................................... 7-11
7.3.3 DRA Total Water Supply and Use Comparison ............................................... 7-11
7.4 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY ................................................................................ 7-12
8.0 CHAPTER 8 – WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN ............................................... 8-1
8.1 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY ANALYSIS ................................................................. 8-1
8.2 ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT ........................................ 8-2
8.2.1 Decision Making Process ................................................................................. 8-3
8.2.2 Data and Methodologies .................................................................................. 8-5
8.2.2.1 Evaluation Criteria ............................................................................ 8-5
8.2.2.2 Water Supply ................................................................................... 8-5
8.2.2.3 Current Year Unconstrained Customer Demand .................................. 8-6
8.2.2.4 Current Year Available Supply ............................................................ 8-6
8.2.2.5 Infrastructure Considerations ............................................................ 8-6
8.3 WATER SHORTAGE LEVELS ..................................................................................... 8-6
8.4 SHORTAGE RESPONSE ACTIONS ............................................................................ 8-8
8.4.1 Supply Augmentation ....................................................................................... 8-9
8.4.2 Demand Reduction .......................................................................................... 8-9
8.4.3 Operational Changes ....................................................................................... 8-15
8.4.4 Additional Mandatory Restrictions ................................................................... 8-16
8.4.5 Emergency Response Plan ............................................................................. 8-16
8.4.6 Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan ................................................ 8-16
8.4.7 Shortage Response Action Effectiveness ........................................................ 8-16
8.5 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS ............................................................................... 8-17
8.6 COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT ......................................................................... 8-17
8.7 LEGAL AUTHORITIES ................................................................................................. 8-18
8.7.1 Declaration of Water Shortage ......................................................................... 8-18
8.7.2 Proclamation of Local Emergency ................................................................... 8-18
8.8 FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF A WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN………………….. ................................................................................................. 8-18
8.9 MONITORING AND REPORTING ................................................................................ 8-20
8.10 WSCP REFINEMENT PROCEDURES ......................................................................... 8-20
8.11 SPECIAL WATER FEATURE DISTINCTION ............................................................... 8-21
8.12 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AVAILABILITY, AND AMENDMENT PROCEDURES………………………………………………………………………………..8-21
8.13 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY ................................................................................ 8-21
9.0 CHAPTER 9 – DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES ........................................................ 9-1
9.1 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR RETAIL SUPPLIERS ........................... 9-1
9.1.1 Implementation Over the Past Five Years ....................................................... 9-1
9.1.2 Required Demand Management Measures ..................................................... 9-2
9.1.2.1 Water-Waste Prevention Ordinances ............................................. 9-2
April 2026 iv City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
9.1.2.2 Metering 9-2
9.1.2.3 Conservation Pricing ...................................................................... 9-3
9.1.2.4 Public Education and Outreach ...................................................... 9-3
9.1.2.5 Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss……………………. .................................................................. 9-3
9.1.2.6 Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support……………………………..……………………………………9-4
9.1.2.7 Other Demand Management Measures – Water-Wise
Landscaping…………………………………………………………….9-4
9.2 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY ................................................................................ 9-4
10.0 CHAPTER 10 – PLAN ADOPTION ........................................................................................ 10-1
10.1 PLAN COMPLETION TIMELINE .................................................................................. 10-1
10.2 NOTICE OF PLAN PREPARATION ............................................................................. 10-1
10.3 NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING ................................................................................... 10-2
10.4 PUBLIC HEARING AND ADOPTION ........................................................................... 10-2
10.5 PLAN SUBMITTAL ........................................................................................................ 10-3
10.5.1 Submitting a UWMP to DWR ........................................................................... 10-3
10.5.2 Electronic Data Submittal ................................................................................. 10-3
10.5.3 Submitting a UWMP to the California State Library ......................................... 10-4
10.5.4 Submitting a UWMP to Cities and Counties .................................................... 10-4
10.6 PUBLIC AVAILABILITY ................................................................................................. 10-4
10.7 DWR REVIEW .............................................................................................................. 10-4
10.8 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY ................................................................................ 10-4
April 2026 v City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Figures Page No.
Figure 1-1 Planning Horizons .............................................................................................. 1-6 Figure 3-1 Regional Location Map ...................................................................................... 3-3 Figure 3-2 Planning Area .................................................................................................... 3-4 Figure 3-3 Existing Land Use ............................................................................................. 3-5 Figure 3-4 2035 General Plan Land Use ............................................................................. 3-6 Figure 3-5 Historical Annual Rainfall ................................................................................... 3-8 Figure 4-1 Historic Water Use and Population .................................................................... 4-2 Figure 5-1 Historic Water Consumption Per Capita vs. 2020 Target .................................. 5-2 Figure 6-1 Groundwater Subbasins .................................................................................... 6-4 Figure 6-2 Existing Water system ....................................................................................... 6-8 Figure 8-1 Annual Assessment Reporting Timeline ............................................................ 8-3
Tables Page No.
Table 2-1 Public Water Systems ........................................................................................ 2-2 Table 2-2 Plan Identification ............................................................................................... 2-2 Table 2-3 Supplier Identification ......................................................................................... 2-3 Table 2-4 Water Supplier Information Exchange ............................................................... 2-4 Table 3-1A Average Climate Data ........................................................................................ 3-7 Table 3-1 Population – Current and Projected ................................................................... 3-9 Table 4-1 2025 Actual Total Users for Potable and Non-Potable Water ............................ 4-3 Table 4-2 Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water – Projected .............................. 4-4 Table 4-3 Inclusion in Water Use Projections .................................................................... 4-5 Table 4-5 Water Loss Audit Reporting ............................................................................... 4-7 Table 4-6 Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard .................................................. 4-9 Table 5-1 SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress .......................................................................... 5-3 Table 6-1 Groundwater Volume Pumped ........................................................................... 6-7 Table 6-2 Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 ........................................... 6-9 Table 6-3 Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025... 6-10 Table 6-4 Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area ........................... 6-13 Table 6-5 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual ........ 6-14 Table 6-6 Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use ........................................ 6-14 Table 6-7 Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs ..................................... 6-16 Table 6-8 Water Supplies – 2025 Actual .......................................................................... 6-17 Table 6-9 Water Supplies – Projected ............................................................................. 6-17 Table O-1B Recommended Energy Reporting .................................................................... 6-19
April 2026 vi City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Tables Page No.
Table 7-1 Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) ........................................... 7-6 Table 7-2 Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison ........................................................ 7-7 Table 7-3 Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison ................................................... 7-8 Table 7-4 Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison ............................................... 7-9 Table 7-5 Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment ............................................................... 7-11 Table 8-1A Annual Assessment Reporting Milestone .......................................................... 8-4 Table 8-1B Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels ......................................................... 8-7 Table 8-1 Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels ............................... 8-8 Table 8-2 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions ........................................................... 8-9 Table 8-3 Demand Reduction Actions ............................................................................. 8-10 Table 8-3A Reduction Actions Matrix ................................................................................. 8-15 Table 8-4 Financial Consequences of WSCP .................................................................. 8-20 Table 10-1 Notification to Cities and Counties ................................................................... 10-2
Appendices
Appendix A DWR Checklist
Appendix B DWR Recommended Tables
Appendix C Urban Water Management Plan Public Notices and Adoption
April 2026 vii City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Acronyms and
Abbreviations Description
Act Urban Water Management Planning Act
AF acre-feet
AMI advanced meter infrastructure
AMR automatic meter reading
AWWA American Water Works Association
CCAP Climate Change Action Plan
CCR California Code of Regulations
CDEC California Data Exchange Center
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CII commercial, industrial and institutional
CIMIS California Irrigation Management Information System CY Calendar Year
Delta Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
DIM dedicated irrigation meter(s)
DMM demand measurement measure(s)
DPR direct potable reuse
DRA Drought Risk Assessment
DWR California Department of Water Resources
eAR Electronic Annual Reporting
ERP Emergency Response Plan
EWEAP Extrema Weather Event Action Plan
GPCD gallons per-capita per day
GPMD gallons per mile of main per day
GPSCD gallons per service connection per day
GSA Groundwater Sustainability Agency(ies)
GSP Groundwater Sustainability Plan(s)
Guidebook Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook
IPR indirect potable reuse
IRWM Integrated Regional Water Management
NAICS North American Industry Classification System
NOAA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
PWS public water system(s)
PWSID public water system identification number
R-GPCD residential gallons per-capita per day
RHNA regional housing needs allocation
RUWMP Regional Urban Water Management Plan
SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
April 2026 viii City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Acronyms and
Abbreviations Description
State Water Board State Water Resources Control Board
Supplier urban water supplier
SWP State Water Project
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
UWUO urban water-use objective
VAR Volumetric Annual Report of Wastewater and Recycled Water WDR waste discharge requirements
WRR water recycling requirements
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan
WSRA Water Service Reliability Assessment
April 2026 1-1 City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2025
City of Hanford
1.0 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
This chapter introduces the purpose of the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), its importance and its overall focus intended to meet statuary reporting requirements for submission to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR).
Urban Water Management Plan Focus
The purpose of the Urban Water management Plan (UWMP) is to review and enhance the reliability of urban water supplies, ensure that future beneficial uses are supported by adequate water supply availability, promote policies and programs that encourage water conservation, and provide a framework for responding to water supply shortages and drought conditions. The 2025 UWMP focuses on the following water-planning fundamentals:
• Preparing a roadmap for
addressing current and long-
term future water use.
• Evaluating potable and non-
potable water supplies,
assessing water deliveries, and
identifying constraints on water
availability under certain
regulatory and hydrological
conditions.
• Evaluating water supply
reliability by integrating the water-use analyses with the water supply analyses to summarize the water service reliability assessment under normal conditions, single dry-year conditions, and five consecutive dry years through year 2050.
• Preparing a realistic Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) by including integrated water supplies and projected water use in a hypothetical consecutive five-year drought condition. • Developing an effective Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) that specifies opportunities to reduce demand and augment supplies under various, and even unpredictable, water shortage conditions.
Reinforcing the coordination between land-use planning, water supply planning, and climate change, make the City’s 2025 UWMP both a valuable water management and water planning tool.
Current and Future Water Use
Potable and Nonpotable Water Supplies
Water Supply Reliability
Drought Risk Assessment (DRA)
Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP)
April 2026 1-2 City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
1.1 PURPOSE
The City of Hanford (City) is required to submit an Urban Water Management Plan to the Department of Water Resources (DWR) in accordance with the California Water Code. The purpose of the UWMP is to review and enhance the reliability of urban water supplies, ensure that future beneficial uses are supported by adequate water supply availability, promote policies and programs that encourage water conservation, and provide a framework for responding to water supply shortages and drought conditions.
In addition to being filed every five years, the UWMP must comply with the requirements established in the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMP Act) of 1983, including all subsequent amendments. The UWMP Act requires agencies providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or serving more than 3,000 acre-feet annually to adopt an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) every five years, demonstrating water supply reliability in normal, single dry, and multiple dry water years. The UWMP Act also requires the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to report to the Legislature on the status of UWMPs.
1.2 BACKGROUND
The drought of 1976-1977 caused widespread water supply shortages across California. Many cities and water districts were forced to seek additional water sources, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive, long-term water management planning at both the local and statewide levels. In response, the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMPA) was proposed and adopted in 1983 to reduce the risk of future emergencies caused by inadequate water resource planning. State Assembly Bill 797 amended Division 6 of California Water Code in 1983, formally establishing the UWMPA. Since its enactment, more than 20 amendments have been made, expanding the data requirements and the planning elements included in the 2025 UWMP.
Early amendments to the UWMPA required a 20-year planning horizon, evaluated in 5-year increments, to compare water demand with available water supplies. More recently, these planning projections have been extended to a 25-year planning horizon to preserve the 20-year projections while allowing sufficient time for the preparation of the subsequent UWMP.
Additional amendments to the UWMPA require that the City’s UWMP includes a Water Shortage Contingency Plan that meets the specifications of the Act as well as provisions for demand management measures and recycled water use. Recycled water use was added to reporting requirements because it provides a reliable alternative water source and can help meet future water demand. Individual water purveyors, in coordination with other water purveyors in the same general area where practicable, are responsible for preparing the Water Shortage Contingency Plan. Each supplier must also describe the water demand management measures currently in practice or scheduled for implementation. Notable Amendments include:
April 2026 1-3 City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
• 2009, SBX7-7 requires the state and its municipal water purveyors to achieve a 20 percent reduction in urban per capita water usage by the year 2020. The “20X2020” plan set an interim goal of a 10 percent reduction by 2015 and a 20 percent reduction by 2020. • 2018, SB606 adds new requirements to the UWMP process as well as established updated urban water use objectives and water use reporting requirements:
o Prepare a drought risk assessment that examines water shortage risks for a drought lasting for the next five years.
o Prepare a comprehensive Water Shortage Contingency Plan that will include water budgeting forecast procedures, standard water shortage levels, shortage response actions, and other protocols.
o Enacts an annually required water supply and demand assessment wherein an urban water supplier will assess local demand and supply conditions and provide that information to DWR.
• 2024, “Making Conservation a California Way of Life” regulation, adopted by The State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) in summer 2024, went into effect on January 1, 2025. The regulation established efficiency goals for urban water retail suppliers to implement two enacted legislative mandates (AB 1668 and SB 606) in 2018.
Under the new regulation:
o Suppliers are held to calculate annual “urban water use objectives” and should include budgets for a subset of water uses.
o The regulation provides for variances and temporary provisions to address unique water use circumstances.
o Suppliers must annually demonstrate compliance with objectives beginning January 1, 2027.
1.3 UWMP IMPORTANCE
The importance of the UWMP was exceptionally well defined in the 2025 guidebook and included in this section.
Urban Water Management Plan Importance
A UWMP is the legal and technical water management foundation for Suppliers throughout California. A well-constructed UWMP can save Suppliers time and money, and it provides the Supplier’s staff, the public, and elected officials with an understanding of past, current, and future water conditions and management. The UWMP integrates local and regional land- use planning, regional water supply, infrastructure, and demand management projects, as
April 2026 1-4 City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
1.4 NOTABLE UPDATES SINCE 2020 UWMP
The City of Hanford has been preparing and submitting a UWMP every 5 years, and the last submittal was for the 2020 UWMP, which was adopted on November 9th, 2021.
This 2020 UWMP addressed many of the same elements required for the 2025 UWMP, including:
plan preparation, service area description, water use characterization, SBX7-7 baselines, 2020 targets, normal-year water supply characterization, water service reliability and drought risk assessment, water shortage contingency plan, demand management measures, and plan adoption. In November 1st, 2022, DWR completed the review of the City’s 2020 UWMP and its supplements, issuing a letter of completeness.
The 2025 UWMP guidebook identifies the following notable updates since the 2020 UWMP:
well as statewide issues of concern like climate change and regulatory revisions. In short, the UWMP gathers, characterizes, and synthesizes water-related information from numerous sources into a plan with local, regional, and statewide practical utility.
Thoughtful urban water management planning provides an opportunity for a Supplier to integrate supplies and use in a balanced and methodical planning platform that addresses short-term and long-term water-planning conditions. In so doing, a Supplier will:
• Assess changes in natural hydrology, climate, and groundwater conditions • Anticipate the implications of regional, State, and federal regulations • Understand supply conditions and water-use variability • Identify regional constraints on, or opportunities for, shared water resources • Integrate local land-use changes, development, plans, and population growth • Prepare for water shortages and unforeseen calamities • Anticipate infrastructure improvements
• Recognize project funding needs and opportunities
Thus, a UWMP provides a supplier with a reliable water management action plan that can be referenced during management decisions related to water supplies and especially during droughts. Importantly, UWMPs provide DWR, the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board), and the Legislature with an assessment of statewide water reliability. 2010
UWMP
2015
UWMP
2020
UWMP
2025
UWMP
April 2026 1-5 City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2025 Updates Description
Changes in Water Code Minor Water Code updates have been made since 2020, but none affect the 2025 UWMP requirements
Suppliers with Multiple
Public Water Systems
(PWSs)
State agencies now use consistent criteria to decide when a supplier operating multiple PWSs counts as an Urban Water Supplier subject to UWMP rules
DWR Submittal Tables Submittal tables have been updated to match the current reporting year, improve accuracy, and better show what Water Code requires versus what is optional.
Water Loss Standard
Reporting
Water Loss Standard rules haven’t changed, but updated standards for 2028 are now available. New guidance explains how suppliers should report progress on meeting these standards in their 2025 UWMPs.
Direct Potable Reuse Regulations for direct potable reuse have been adopted since the last reporting cycle; minor updates were made to demand and supply tables to support this new reporting requirement.
Lower-Income Housing New guidance clarifies how suppliers should project water demand for lower-income housing, integrating RHNA information and updated land-use planning.
Reporting Groundwater
Recharge and Other
Water Storage
Updated guidance clarifies how to report water placed into storage and later withdrawn, ensuring that water is not double-counted when moving between long-term and short-term storage.
1.5 UWMP IN RELATION TO OTHER EFFORTS
In addition to preparing the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan, the City has the following relevant infrastructure planning efforts:
• 2026 Water System Master Plan.
• 2026 Sewer System Master Plan.
• 2026 Storm Drainage Master Plan.
These master plans include relevant information on growth, as well as population and demand projections The planning horizon of these master plans is based on the existing 2035 General Plan (published March 2014). This existing General Plan, though intended to generally serve a
April 2026 1-6 City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
horizon year of 2035, includes undeveloped residential and non-residential land uses that can accommodate additional developments through year 2050. Figure 1-1 shows a compassion of the 2025 UWMP and the 2026 master plans horizon year.
Figure 1-1 Planning Horizons
The preparation of the 2025 UWMP complements these planning efforts by providing guidance for efficient water use throughout the master planning horizon and identifying water conservation measures that influence both water demands and associated wastewater flows. Efforts have been made to ensure consistency between the water demand projections, and the projected water use for the 2025 UWMP and current master planning updates.
1.6 UWMPS AND GRANT OR LOAN ELIGIBILITY
To be eligible for any water grant or loan administered by DWR, an agency must have a current UWMP on file that has been determined by DWR to meet the requirements of the following Water Code.
California Water Code
10608.56 (a) On and after July 1, 2016, an urban retail water supplier is not eligible for a water grant or loan awarded or administered by the state unless the supplier complies with this part. 10608.56 (c) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), the department shall determine that an urban retail water supplier is eligible for a water grant or loan even though the supplier has not met the per capita reductions required pursuant to Section 10608.24, if the urban retail water supplier has submitted to the department for approval a schedule, financing plan, and budget, to be included in the grant or loan agreement, for achieving the per capita reductions. The supplier may request grant or loan funds to achieve the per capita reductions to the extent the request is consistent with the eligibility requirements applicable to the water funds. 10656 An urban water supplier is not eligible for a water grant or loan awarded or administered by the state unless the urban water supplier complies with this part.
April 2026 1-7 City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Beginning in 2016, changes to California law require that urban retail water suppliers comply with the water conservation requirements established by the Water Conservation Act of 2009 to be eligible for State water grants or loans. For 2025 UWMPs, compliance with this Act means that a water agency must have met its 2020 Urban Water Use Target, which is discussed further in another chapter. This compliance must be documented and reported in the 2025 UWMP.
1.7 SUBMITTAL TABLES
This report includes the completed tables required by DWR in the 2025 UWMP Guidebook (January 2026), and included in Appendix _____.
California Water Code
10644 (a)(2) The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department … shall include any standardized forms, tables, or displays specified by the department.
As part of this 2025 UWMP, submittal tables required by the 2025 UWMP Guidebook were completed electronically using the DWR provided 2025 MS Excel workbook, and also filed electronically with DWR. Additionally, each 2025 submittal table is included in this document, within its respective section. Furthermore, each chapter includes a section summarizing the submittal tables.
1.8 REPORT ORGANIZATION
This report is organized in accordance with the outline suggested by the Department of Water Resources for the 2025 Urban Water Management Plans. According to the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the following items and updates are provided with further explanation.
Chapter Title Description
Introduction
and Overview
This chapter introduces the purpose of the Urban Water
Management Plan (UWMP), its importance, and its overall focus to meet statuary reporting requirements for submission to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR).
Plan
Preparation
This chapter describes the process used as well as the
coordination and outreach during the preparation of the UWMP.
The chapter also includes guidance and tables to ensure consistent use throughout the UWMP for two key elements: the use of a fiscal or calendar year, and the specific units of measurement the City uses to report water volumes.
Service Area
Description
This chapter describes the City’s water service area, including existing and future land use types, climate, and historical and projected population.
Chapter 3
Chapter 2
Chapter 1
April 2026 1-8 City of Hanford 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Existing and
Projected
Water Demands
This chapter provides a description of the current water uses as well as projected water uses through year 2050. Additionally, a description of potential recycled water uses is included.
Water
Conservation
Requirements
This chapter includes the City’s per-capita water conservation target requirements (SB X7-7) as calculated in previous UWMPs and monitors compliance in accordance with the Water Code.
Normal-Year
Water Supply
This chapter summarizes the City’s current and planned water supply sources and volumes, including characterization of the groundwater basins.
Water Service
Reliability
Assessment
This chapter assesses the reliability of the City’s water supply under normal conditions, single-year dry conditions, and consecutive five-year dry conditions. The assessment includes a comparison of water use versus expected water supply through 2050, and includes the Drought Risk Assessment.
Water Shortage
Contingency
Plan
This chapter includes the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) which is a required structured plan for dealing with water shortages, incorporating standardized water conservation action levels, along with implementation actions in the event of a catastrophic supply interruption.
Demand
Management
Measures
This chapter documents the City’s efforts to reduce water demand using specific demand measurement measures (DMMs) as well as any other actions to maintain ongoing water conservation.
Plan Adoption This chapter summarizes the process for adopting and submitting the UWMP as well as the ways the public can access the adopted UWMP.
Appendices
The appendices provide supplemental and relevant information, in support of the report chapters.
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
April 2026 2-1 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2025 City of Hanford
2.0 CHAPTER 2 – PLAN PREPARATION
This chapter describes the process used as well as the coordination and outreach during the preparation of the UWMP. The chapter also includes guidance and tables to ensure consistent use throughout the UWMP for two key elements: the use of a fiscal or calendar year, and the specific units of measurement the City uses to report water volumes.
2.1 BASIS FOR PREPARING THIS PLAN
This section documents the basis for preparing the 2025 UWMP and includes references to the relevant California Water Code.
California Water Code
10617 “Urban water supplier” means a supplier, either publicly or privately owned, providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. An urban water supplier includes a supplier or contractor for water, regardless of the basis of right, which distributes or sells for ultimate resale to customers. This part applies only to water supplied from public water systems subject to Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 116275) of Part 12 of Division 104 of the Health and Safety Code.
10608.12 (t) “Urban retail water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that directly provides potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or that supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of potable water annually at retail for municipal purposes.
10621 (a) Each urban water supplier shall update its plan at least once every five years on or before July 1, in years ending in six and one, incorporating updated and new information from the five years preceding each update.
The California Water Code (CWC) defines an “urban water supplier” as a publicly or privately owned supplier that provides water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. At the time of preparation of the 2025 UWMP, the City of Hanford supplied water to over 17,411 active service connections in 2025, with a corresponding 2025 volume of approximately 11,269 acre-ft of water Chapter Focus
This chapter provides guidance on determining whether a City is required to prepare a UWMP, the various levels of regional coordination that a City may employ, and how the City can document consistency with plan preparation requirements.
April 2026 2-2 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
supplied, as summarized in Table 2-1. The City of Hanford has been preparing an Urban Water Management Plan every five years and submitting to DWR.
The City’s Public Water System identification number (PWSID), regulated by the State Water Board’s Division of Drinking Water, is documented on Table 2-1.
Submittal Table 2-1 Retail: Public Water Systems
2.2 INDIVIDUAL OR REGIONAL PLAN
The City’s 2025 UWMP is prepared as an individual plan, and the City is not currently part of any regional alliance preparing a regional UWMP. The 2025 UWMP identification as an “individual plan” is documented in Table 2-2.
California Water Code
10620 (d)(1) An urban water supplier may satisfy the requirements of this part by participation in area wide, regional, watershed, or basin wide urban water management planning where those plans will reduce preparation costs and contribute to the achievement of conservation, efficient water use, and improved local drought resilience.
Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification
Volume of
Water Supplied
2025
(AF)
CA1610003 City of Hanford 17,411 11,654
17,411 11,654Total
Public Water System
Number
Public Water System
Name
Number of Municipal
Connections 2025
Water Supplier is also a member of a SB
X7-7 Regional Alliance
Name of Regional Alliance or
RUWMP
Select
One or
Both
Type of Plan
Individual UWMP
Regional Urban Water Management Plan
(RUWMP)
April 2026 2-3 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2.3 SUPPLIER IDENTIFICATION
This section discusses supplier identification.
California Water Code
10608.20 (a)(1) Urban retail water suppliers … may determine the targets on a fiscal year or calendar year basis.
This UWMP has been prepared using calendar year (CY) data and incorporates complete data for 2025. All units of measure reported in the tables and submittal tables are in acre-feet (AF), as documented in Table 2-3.
Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification
2.4 COORDINATION AND OUTREACH
This section describes the outreach and coordination efforts conducted for 2025 UWMP. More detailed notifications are documented in a separate chapter.
California Water Code
10620 (d)(3) Each urban water supplier shall coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other water suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable.
10621 (b) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall, at least 60 days before the public hearing on the plan required by Section 10642, notify any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan.
The City’s 2025 UWMP is an update to the 2020 UWMP and is intended to address the aspects of the UWMPA that fall under the City’s authority, specifically water supply and water use. The draft plan has been shared with regional stakeholders and made available to the public in both hard Supplier is a wholesale supplier
Supplier is a retail supplier
UWMP Tables are in calendar years
UWMP Tables are in fiscal years
Unit AF
Type of Supplier
Fiscal or Calendar Year
Units of measure used in UWMP1
April 2026 2-4 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
copy and electronic formats. The wholesale water suppliers informed of the City’s projected water use are listed in Table 2-4.
The UWMPA requires that the adopted UWMP demonstrate the water agency solicited public participation. In accordance with this requirement, the City held a public hearing to allow community members to provide comments, learn about existing and future water supplies, and raise concerns towards the plan being adopted. A notice of the public hearing was published in the local newspaper on _______ and _________, 2026, notifying interested parties that the draft 2025 UWMP was available at various City facilities and on the City’s web page (www.ci.hanford.ca.us/) for review two successive weeks prior to adoption. After public review, the plan was adopted on ______, 2026.
Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange Water Code Section 10631(h)
2.5 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 2-1 Public Water Systems
• Table 2-2 Plan Identification
• Table 2-3 Supplier Identification
• Table 2-4 Water Supplier Information Exchange
Wholesale Water Supplier Name
Kings County Water District
Kings County Water Commission
April 2026 3-1 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2025
City of Hanford
3.0 CHAPTER 3 – SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
This chapter describes the City’s water service area, including existing and future land use types, climate, and historical and projected population.
3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This section documents the City’s location, service area, land use, and socioeconomic conditions.
California Water Code
10631 (a) Describe the service area of the supplier…
3.1.1 Location
The City is located in Kings County, approximately 30 miles southeast of the city of Fresno and 20 miles west of the city of Visalia (Figure 3-1). The City’s closest neighbor, the city of Lemoore, is located 8 miles to the west. Highway 198 bisects the southern boundary of the City in the east- west direction, and Highway 43 lies just east of the City’s eastern boundary. In 2002, the City outlined the long-term Ultimate Growth Boundary (UGB), which was approved by City Council, and identified lands intended for future urbanization within the City service area. Adopted in April 2017, City of Hanford’s 2035 General Plan Update shows the 2035 Growth Boundary on the land use and open space maps.
3.1.2 Land Use
According to the City’s 2035 General Plan, the City’s UGB encompasses approximately 16,032 acres of varying land-use types, which are defined as follows: 6,872 acres of residential; 8,334 acres of non-residential, including but not limited to: commercial, industrial, and institutional; and 826 acres of mixed use. Within the city limits, the residential component can be further Chapter Focus
This chapter describes the City’s water service area, including the discussion of the City’s location, the boundaries of the water service area, existing and future land use types, and climate. It also summarizes historical and projected population trends and provides an overview of the City’s demographics and socioeconomic conditions.
April 2026 3-2 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
subdivided, with 82 percent of the total residential units designated as low density, and 15 and 3 percent of units being medium and high densities, respectively. The City’s 2017 Water System Master Plan used the 2035 General Plan Land use as the basis for estimating future demands, and this future land use is considered acceptable for incorporation as part of the 2025 UWMP update. The City’s existing and future land use maps are shown in Figure 3-3 and Figure 3-4, respectively.
3.1.3 Socioeconomic Conditions
Based on data from the U.S. Census American Community Survey, the City has a median household income of approximately $76,461 per year and a per capita income of approximately $33,147 per year as of 2024. Approximately 18.1% of the population has a bachelor’s degree or higher and 82.8% have a high school diploma or higher. Approximately 14.5% of the population lives below the poverty line.
According to population and housing statistics prepared by the California Department of Finance (DOF), the City has an average household occupancy of 2.94 people per household in 2025.
Approximately 78% of the current residential units are single-family residences, with the other 22% reflecting multiple-family dwelling units and mobile homes. The 2025 residential vacancy rate is approximately 3.5%.
According to U.S. Census American Community Survey, the primary job sectors within the City are educational and health services, retail, and agricultural production. The most recent unemployment rate was listed as 8.9%.
According to the City’s General Plan, the primary sectors of employment are educational and health services, retail, and agricultural production. The most recent unemployment rate was roughly 9.1%.
3.2 SERVICE AREA BOUNDARY MAPS
The City’s most recent General Plan was adopted in April 2017 and outlines the 2035 Growth Boundary. Infrastructure improvements necessary to serve lands within the UGB were outlined in the City’s 2017 water, sewer, and storm drainage master plans. As shown on Figure 3-2, the City’s existing water service area is generally consistent with the existing UGB. The City’s UGB incorporates approximately 31.3 square miles and is the City’s ultimate growth boundary for the life of the current General Plan; it is assumed that the UGB describes the future water system service area.
Lemoore
Hanford
41 198
41 43
43 198
Figure 3-1
Regional Location Map
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Hanford
Update: February 11, 2026
GIS
0 1 20.5
Miles
File Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Hanford\Water\260211-2025_UWMP\HF_Fig3-1_RLM_021126.aprx Legend
Cities
Highways
General Plan Study Area
City Limits
PRELIMINARY
California
Nevada
Pacific
Ocean
Hanford
198
HOUSTON AVE
IONA AVE
HANFORD ARMONA RD
LACEY BLVD
FARGO AVE
FLINT AVE
12TH AVE
11TH AVE
10TH AVE
13TH AVE
IDAHO AVE
8 1/2 AVE
43 GRANGEVILLE BLVD
City of Hanford
Figure 3-2
Planning Area
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Hanford
Update: February 11, 2026
GIS
0 0.5 10.25
Mile
File Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Hanford\Water\260211-2025_UWMP\HF_Fig3-2_PlanningBoundary_021126.aprx Legend
Boundaries
2035 Growth Boundary
Planned Area Boundary
General Plan Study Area
City Limits
Waterways
PRELIMINARY
43 198
198
FLINT AVE
FARGO AVE
GRANGEVILLE BLVD
LACEY BLVD
HANFORD ARMONA RD
HOUSTON AVE
IONA AVE
IDAHO AVE
JACKSON AVE
43 13TH AVE
12TH AVE
11TH AVE
10TH AVE
9TH AVE
7TH AVE
Figure 3-3
Existing Land Use
Update: February 11, 2026
GIS
0 0.5 10.25
Mile
File Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Hanford\Water\260211-2025_UWMP\HF_Fig3-3_ExistingLU_021126.aprx Legend
Existing Land Use
Low Density Residential
Medium Density Residential
High Density Residential
Neighborhood Commercial
Regional Commercial
Service Commercial
Highway Commercial
Office Residential
Office
Light Industrial
Heavy Industrial
Neighborhood Mixed Use
Corridor Mixed Use
Downtown Mixed Use
Airport Protection
Open Space
Educational Facilities
Public Facilities
Interest Area
Vacant/Agriculture
City Limits
Streets
Waterways
PRELIMINARY
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Hanford
43 198
198
FLINT AVE
FARGO AVE
GRANGEVILLE BLVD
LACEY BLVD
HANFORD ARMONA RD
HOUSTON AVE
IONA AVE
IDAHO AVE
JACKSON AVE
13TH AVE
12TH AVE
11TH AVE
10TH AVE
9TH AVE
7TH AVE
43 F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Figure 3-4
2035 General Plan
Land Use
PRELIMINARY
Update: February 11, 2026
GIS
0 0.5 10.25
Mile
File Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Hanford\Water\260211-2025_UWMP\HF_Fig3-4_GPLU_021126.aprx Legend
General Plan Land Use
Low Density Residential
Medium Density Residential
High Density Residential
Neighborhood Commercial
Regional Commercial
Service Commercial
Highway Commercial
Office Residential
Office
Light Industrial
Heavy Industrial
Neighborhood Mixed Use
Corridor Mixed Use
Downtown Mixed Use
Airport Protection
Open Space
Educational Facilities
Public Facilities
Interest Area
City Limits
2035 Growth Boundary
Planned Area Boundary
General Plan Study Area Boundary
Streets
Highways
Waterways
Note:
1. The position of Open Space and Educational Facilities marked with an "F" can float on the map until land is purchased by the public agency. Their colors are hashed so that the underlying designation can be seen.
2. Land use current as of October 2015.
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Hanford
April 2026 3-7 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
3.3 SERVICE AREA CLIMATE
The following sections include a description of the City’s historical climate data as well as a general summary of the potential impacts due to climate change.
California Water Code
10630 It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water management planning … while accounting for impacts from climate change.
10631 (a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including … “climate…”
3.3.1 Historic Climate Data
Yearly extremes in temperature vary, with the peak high rising to above 100 °F and winter lows receding to the 20 °F range. The City has a historical average annual rainfall of approximately 7.9 inches, with the majority of the rainfall occurring from November to April. According to the
California Irrigation Management Information System
(CIMIS), the approximate average annual
evapotranspiration (ETo) for the City is 61.7 inches.
Average climate data is included in Table 3-1A.
Table 3-1A Average Climate Data
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annu
al
Average
ETo
(inches)
1.3 2.2 4.1 6.1 8.1 9.0 9.1 8.1 6.2 4.2 2.2 1.2 61.7
Rainfall
(inches) 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.7 1.2 7.9 Average
Maximum
Temp. (°F)
55.7 62.8 68.4 75.5 83.9 91.7 97.4 95.7 90.5 80.4 66.6 55.9 77.0 Average
Minimum
Temp. (°F)
35.9 38.9 42.5 46.4 52.4 58.4 62.9 61.2 56.5 48.1 39.1 34.8 48.1 Notes:
1. Source: WRCC station 043747 (Jul 1899-Jun 2016)
2. Source: CIMIS Station 15 (Oct 1982-Dec 2025)
Historical rainfall in the city is shown in Figure 3-5 and has ranged from 2.26 inches in 2013 to
15.58 inches in 1983.
Average
Temperature
63°F
Average
Rainfall
7.9"
April 2026 3-8 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Figure 3-5 Historical Annual Rainfall
3.3.2 Climate Change
As part of the 2025 UWMP update, the California Water Code requires urban water suppliers to provide a general description of the potential effect of climate change within the service area.
Based on the City’s location and current climate, the most likely changes are related to increasing average temperature, intensifying storm events, and periods of extended drought. Other effects, such as decreasing snowpack or rising sea levels, do not have a direct impact on the City’s water demand or supply. Changes in annual precipitation and temperature could have an impact on the City’s overall water use as well as available supply volumes.
3.4 SERVICE AREA POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS
The City is a growing community with approximately 1.2 percent of the Kings County population residing within the City limits. Department of Finance records estimate the 2025 population of Hanford at 61,238.
3.4.1 Service Area Population
California Water Code
10631 (a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population …The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available.
0 2
4 6
8 10
12 14
16 18
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023
2025
Precipitation (inches)
Year
Historical Annual Rainfall
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
The current and projected service area population is summarized in Table 3-1. The population projections are based on the following growth rates:
• 2006-2025: The historical growth rate average is calculated at 1.2% per year. • 2026-2050: Assumes 1.2% per year based on the historical growth rate and information given from the City on population projections.
According to 2024 United States Census Bureau’s data, the City has a racially diverse population which is White (46.6%), Black or African American (6.1%), American Indian and Alaska Native (1.7%), Asian (4.2%), Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (0.1%), Hispanic or Latino (51.4%), with the rest more than one race or other race.
Submittal Table 3-1 Retail: Population - Current and Projected Water Code Section 10631(a)
3.5 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 3-1 Population-Current and Projected
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
61,238 65,002 68,996 73,237 77,738 82,515
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2025 City of Hanford
4.0 CHAPTER 4 – EXISTING AND PROJECTED WATER DEMANDS
This chapter provides a description of the current water uses as well as projected water uses as well as projected water uses through year 2050. Additionally, a description of potential recycled water uses is included.
4.1 NON-POTABLE VERSUS POTABLE WATER USE
The California State Water Code requires documentation of water use within the City’s service area for potable, recycled, and raw water demands, as applicable. While the City does not provide any deliveries of raw water, treated wastewater effluent is used to irrigate crops on privately owned land and is discussed in more detail in a later Chapter. The remaining sections within this chapter summarize the historical and projected water use. The water use projection also includes preliminary estimation for recycled water demands, based on potable water demand and return- to-sewer ratio.
4.2 PAST, CURRENT AND PROJECTED WATER USE BY SECTOR
This section documents the historical and projected water use as well as the maximum day demand.
California Water Code
10631 (d)(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following:
(A) Single-family residential.
(B) Multifamily.
(C) Commercial.
(D) Industrial.
(E) Institutional and governmental.
(F) Landscape.
(G) Sales to other agencies.
(H) Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use, or any combination thereof.
Chapter Focus
This chapter describes the City’s water service area. This description includes discussion of the City’s location, the boundaries of the water service area, existing and future land use types, and climate. This chapter also summarizes the historical and projected population as well as a review of the City’s demographics and socioeconomic conditions.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
(I) Agricultural.
(J) Distribution system water loss.
10631 (d)(2) The water use projections shall be in the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a).
4.2.1 Historical Water Use
The relationship between water use and population is illustrated in Figure 4-1, which shows that water consumption declined during the 2007–2010, 2012-2016 and then 2020–2022 drought periods, despite continued population growth over the same timeframe.
Figure 4-1 Historic Water Use and Population
April 2026 4-3 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
4.2.2 Current Water Use
The City currently provides domestic water to residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional customers within the City limits. At the time of preparation of the 2025 UWMP, based on the most recent available data, the City maintains over 17,411 individual connections to the water system.
In 2025, total domestic water use was approximately 11,654 AF, as summarized in Table 4-1.
Submittal Table 4-1 Retail: 2025 Actual Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water Water Code Section 10631(d)(1)
Notes:
1. Includes Commercial and institutional Use Types
4.2.3 Projected Water Use
This section documents the projected water use data.
California Water Code
10631 (d)(4)(A) Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as applicable to the service area.
10633 The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water...and shall include all of the following:...
(e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision...
Volume
(AF)
Single Family Potable 5,970
Multi-Family Potable 946
Commercial Potable 1,132
Industrial Potable 315
Landscape Potable 697
Other (optional) Potable 933
Distribution System Water Loss Potable 1,661
11,654
0 11,654Total
2025 Actual Water Use
Level of Treatment
When Delivered
(OPTIONAL)
Subtotal Potable
Subtotal Non-Potable
Use Type
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
The city-wide projected potable water demands by water use type through the year 2050 are summarized in Tables 4-2, and the demands include estimated future water savings from active conservation activities (Tables 4-3). To calculate the total projected potable water demand through the UWMP planning horizon of 2050, the City’s 2025 urban water use target of 179 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) was applied to the projected population.
These projections also incorporate future water use reductions of up to five percent resulting from passive water savings, as described in a following section. For planning purposes, the proportion of projected demand by use type is assumed to be consistent with current consumption trends, which reflects a majority of users in single-family and multi-family residential categories.
Submittal Table 4-2 Retail: Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water - Projected Water Code Section 10631(d)(1)
4.2.4 Passive Water Savings
Passive water savings include water use reduction that results from codes, standards, ordinances, and other plans. These various sources of water savings typically result from state or regional requirements or guidelines, which are then implemented by the City. Examples of these codes and ordinances are as follows:
• Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO): In 2015, DWR was tasked with updating the MWELO to increase water efficiency standards for new and retrofitted landscapes. This includes encouragement in the use of more efficient irrigation systems, greywater usage, and onsite stormwater capture.
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Single Family Potable 6,026 6,396 6,789 7,207 7,650
Multi-Family Potable 954 1,013 1,075 1,141 1,211
Commercial Potable 1,143 1,213 1,288 1,367 1,451
Industrial Potable 318 338 359 381 404
Landscape Potable 703 746 792 841 893
Other (optional) Potable 942 1,000 1,061 1,127 1,196
Distribution
System Water Loss Potable 1,676 1,779 1,889 2,005 2,128 Total - 11,763 12,486 13,253 14,068 14,932
Level of
Treatment
When
Delivered
(OPTIONAL)
Projected Water Use
(Report To the Extent that Records are Available)
Use Type
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
• California Energy Commission Title 20: This includes appliance standards for toilets, urinals, faucets, and showerheads. These standards impact both new construction and replacement fixtures in existing homes.
• CALGreen Building Code: The code requires residential and non-residential water efficiency and conservation measures for new buildings and structures. • California's AB 1572 (2023): AB 1572 prohibits using potable water on nonfunctional turf (such as decorative grass not used for recreation) in phases, and between 2027 to 2031.
The ban starts with state/local government on January 1, 2027, moves to commercial/institutional in 2028, and then homeowners associations (HOAs) in January 1, 2029. Compliance self-certifications for large properties start on January 1, 2030.
Passive water savings are expected to continue to be a factor in new construction, however new regulations such as AB 1572 prohibitions, reducing turf in commercial and homeowners associations are expected to be noticeable. For planning purposes, it is assumed that these passive water savings will result in up to a five percent reduction in water use, and were incorporated in the demand projections shown in Table 4-2.
4.2.5 Active Conservation Program Savings
While the demand projections included on Table 4-2 accounted for passive water savings, as discussed in the previous section, the City is taking a more conservative approach and excluding future active conservation savings, which are usually achieved through the programs and activities implemented by the City as part of its water conservation program. The City’s water conservation programs and demand management measures are discussed in detail in Chapter 9 – Demand Management Measures. Active savings that are part of previous conservation efforts and reflected in historical demands, are also reflected in the projections. Only additional active savings are excluded.
Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Water Code Section 10631 (a), 10631 (d)(4)(A), and 10631 (d)(4)(B)
Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections? Yes
If "Yes" to above:
State the section or page number, in the cell to the right, where citations of the codes, ordinances, or otherwise are utilized in demand projections are found.
4.2 Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In Projections? Yes
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
4.2.6 Water Use for Lower Income Households
California Water Code
10631.1 (a) The water use projections required by Section 10631 shall include projected water use for single-family and multifamily residential housing needed for lower income households, as defined in Section 50079.5 of the Health and Safety Code, as identified in the housing element of any city, county, or city and county in the service area of the supplier.
10631.1 (b) It is the intent of the Legislature that the identification of projected water use for single-family and multifamily residential housing for lower income households will assist a supplier in complying with the requirement under Section 65589.7 of the Government Code to grant a priority for the provision of service to housing units affordable to lower income households.
California Health and Safety Code
50079.5 (a) “Lower income households” means persons and families whose income does not exceed the qualifying limits for lower income families… In the event the federal standards are discontinued, the department shall, by regulation, establish income limits for lower income households for all geographic areas of the state at 80 percent of area median income, adjusted for family size and revised annually.
SB 1087 (Florez, 2005) amended the UWMPA to require urban water suppliers to include single- family and multi-family residential units for lower-income households, as identified by the City, County, or both, within the service area of the provider. As part of the City’s 2035 General Plan, an updated Housing Element was released, providing the number of lower-income housing units allocated through 2023. According to the 2016 Adopted Kings County 2016-2024 Housing Element, approximately 35 percent of households are considered low income. The projected residential water demands presented in Table 4-2 reflect this allocation for lower-income households.
4.2.7 Climate Change Considerations
California Water Code
10630 It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water management planning commensurate with the numbers of customers served and the volume of water supplied, while accounting for impacts from climate change.
10635 (b) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment …(and) shall include each of the following … (4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
Based on the City’s location and current climate, the most significant changes include rising average temperature, more intense storm events, and extended periods of drought. While the precise effects of climate change on water demand remain uncertain, increased temperatures and extended drought periods are expected to influence water consumption. Without continued water conservation efforts, these changes in annual temperature and precipitation patterns may lead to higher water demand, particularly for outdoor irrigation and agricultural uses.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
4.3 DISTRIBUTIONS SYSTEM WATER LOSSES
California Water Code
10631 (d)(3)(A) The distribution system water loss shall be quantified for each of the five years preceding the plan update, in accordance with rules adopted pursuant to Section 10608.34. 10631 (d)(3)(B) The distribution system water loss quantification shall be reported in accordance with a worksheet approved or developed by the department through a public process. The water loss quantification worksheet shall be based on the water system balance methodology developed by the American Water Works Association. 10631 (d)(3)(C) In the plan due July 1, 2021, and in each update thereafter, data shall be included to show whether the urban retail water supplier met the distribution loss standards enacted by the board pursuant to Section 10608.34.
4.3.1 Previous Five Years Distribution System Losses
As part of the 2025 UWMP update, urban water suppliers are required to quantify the previous five years’ distribution system water losses in a manner consistent with the American Water Works Association (AWWA) water system balance methodology. The City has completed the required water loss audit worksheet in accordance with the DWR. Table 4-5 documents the reported water loss information for 2020-2024.
Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting
Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(A)
4.3.2 Progress Toward Meeting the Water Loss Performance Standard Pursuant to Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(C), Retail Suppliers are required to provide data demonstrating whether the Retail Supplier met its State Water Board Water Loss Performance Standard in 23 CCR Section 980 et seq. for each applicable PWS. Submittal Table 4-6 allows for reporting on progress toward meeting the Water Loss Performance Standard.
The Water Loss Performance Standard does not have to be met until 2028. However, Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(C) still requires that Retail Suppliers include data in their 2025 UWMPs to Public Water System ID #
Reported in Table 2-1 R Reporting Period Submitted to DWR Water Loss Audit Program
2020 Yes
2021 Yes
2022 Yes
2023 Yes
2024 Yes
CA1610003
Report submittal status for all five years for each Public Water System as available.
Add rows as needed
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
show whether they met it. From Submittal Table 4-6, the current real water loss per unit per day is
68.4, which exceeds the 2028 standard of 12.8908. In contrast, the current apparent loss per unit per day is 5.0, significantly below the 2028 standard of 9.3. This comparison suggests that apparent loss is not a primary concern. However, the elevated real loss warrants further investigation, particularly for potential leaks within the storage system, transmission and distribution mains, and service lines up to and including the meter.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 4-6 Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(C)
Volume of Total Real
Loss (from AWWA
Water Loss Audit)
Volume of Total
Apparent Loss
(from AWWA Water
Loss Audit)
(AF)
(AF)
CA1610003 Yes 12.8908
Gallons per
Service
Connection per
Day (GPSCD)
17,411 1,334 68.4 9.3
Gallons per
Service
Connection per
Day (GPSCD)
17,411 97 5.0
Apparent Water Loss
Did the Water Board Calculate
a Water Loss Standard for this
Public Water System? (y/n)
If no, Supplier will not
complete this row.
Real Water Loss
Public Water
System ID #
Reported in
Submittal Table 2-
1 R
Most Recent AWWA Water Loss Audit
Real Water
Loss Per Unit
per Day
Most Recent AWWA Water Loss Audit
Apparent Water
Loss Per Unit per
Day
Number of Units
(Connections or
Miles corresponding
with units selected)
State Water Board Standard
2028 Real Water Loss
Standard per Unit per
day
Units for Real
Water Loss
State Water Board Standard
2028 Apparent
Water Loss
Standard per Unit
per Day
Units for
Apparent
Water Loss
Number of
Connections
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
4.4 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 4-1:2025 Actual Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water • Table 4-2: Total Uses of Potable and Non-Potable Water-Projected • Table 4-3: Total Water Use (Potable and Non-Potable) Inclusion in Water Use Projections • Table 4-5: Water Loss Audit Reporting
• Table 4-6: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2025 City of Hanford
5.0 CHAPTER 5 – WATER CONSERVATION REQUIREMENTS
This chapter includes the City’s per-capita water conservation target requirements (SB X7-7) as calculated in previous UWMPs and monitors compliance in accordance with the Water Code.
5.1 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR RETAIL SUPPLIERS
California Water Code
10608.40 Urban water retail suppliers shall report to the department on their progress in meeting their urban water use targets as part of their urban water management plans submitted pursuant to Section 10631. 10608.12 (af) “Urban retail water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that directly provides potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or that supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of potable water annually at retail for municipal purposes.
5.1.1 2020 Target & Historical Per Capita Use
The need for additional supply sources or storage to accommodate future growth is typically evaluated using historical per capita water consumption, and which is expressed in gallons per capita per day (gpcd), and defines as follows:
• Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD), as used in UWMP calculations, represents the total water use within a service area divided by the population. It measures daily per-person water use in gallons.
The future requirements of the supply source are then estimated by applying the per capita consumption rate, expressed in gallons per capita per day (gpcd), to the projected population.
Figure 5-1 presents the City's historical water use per capita in gpcd and the 2020 water use target.
Chapter Focus
The purpose of the SB X7-7 Baseline, 2020 Targets, and 2025 Reporting chapter in the City’s 2025 UWMP is to document the City’s progress toward achieving its urban water-use efficiency targets, in accordance with California Water Code Section 10608.40. This chapter provides the framework for meeting UWMP reporting requirements, with detailed calculation methods and considerations for establishing SB X7-7 baselines, targets, and compliance values.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
The City’s average water use fluctuated between 188 and 236 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) from 1995 to 2020. Since 2020, conservation efforts have successfully reduced per capita water consumption to a range of 159 to 175 gpcd, falling below the 2020 water use target of 179 gpcd.
Figure 5-1 Historic Water Consumption Per Capita vs. 2020 Target
5.2 SUPPLIER MET 2020 TARGET IN 2025
Suppliers that met their 2020 Target in 2025 will submit Submittal Table 5-1 and include their “2020 Target” as well as their “2020 Actual GPCD” to verify that they met the SB X7-7 requirement. As directed in the 2025 UWMP guidebook, this information is obtained from the City’s 2020 UWMP and the calculations are thus not reproduced.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress Water Code Section 10608.40
5.3 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 5-1: SBX7-7 2020 Target Progress
No Individual
Target 179 171 Yes
Was Supplier part
of a merger or
consolidation since
2020?
Did Supplier
Achieve Targeted
Reduction for
2020?
Actual 2020
GPCD2020 Target
Regional
Alliance Target
or Individual
Target?
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2025 City of Hanford
6.0 CHAPTER 6 – NORMAL-YEAR WATER SUPPLY
This chapter summarizes the City’s current and planned water supply sources and volumes, including characterization of the groundwater basins.
6.1 PURCHASED OR IMPORTED WATER
The City currently uses local groundwater as the sole source of water supply, and at this time does not purchase or import domestic water from any other water suppliers or entities.
6.2 GROUNDWATER
This section provides information on the groundwater basin, groundwater management, groundwater pumping and overdraft conditions and how these conditions will affect the water supply to the City.
California Water Code
10631 (b)(4) If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, all of the following information:
Chapter Focus
The purpose of this chapter is to describe and quantify the sources of existing and planned water available to the City during a normal year. This chapter includes a description of the groundwater basin underlying the City, as well as ongoing planning efforts for the potential use of recycled water within the City’s service area.
California Water Code
10631 (b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier as described in subdivision (a) [in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available]1, providing supporting and related information, including:
(1) A detailed discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal water year, (2) When multiple sources of water supply are identified, a description of the management of each supply in correlation with the other identified supplies. (3) For any planned sources of water supply, a description of the measures that are being undertaken to acquire and develop those water supplies.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
(A) The current version of any groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part 2.74 (commencing with Section 10720), any groundwater management plan adopted by the urban water supplier, including plans adopted pursuant to Part 2.75 (commencing with Section 10750), or any other specific authorization for groundwater management for basins underlying the urban water supplier’s service area.
(B) A description of any groundwater basin or basins from which the urban water supplier pumps groundwater. For basins that a court or the board has adjudicated the rights to pump groundwater, a copy of the order or decree adopted by the court or the board and a description of the amount of groundwater the urban water supplier has the legal right to pump under the order or decree. For a basin that has not been adjudicated, information as to whether the department has identified the basin as a high- or medium-priority basin in the most current official departmental bulletin that characterizes the condition of the groundwater basin, and a detailed description of the efforts being undertaken by the urban water supplier to coordinate with groundwater sustainability agencies or groundwater management agencies listed in subdivision (c) of Section 10723 to maintain or achieve sustainable groundwater conditions in accordance with a groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part
2.74 (commencing with Section 10720).
(C) A detailed description and analysis of the location, amount, and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the urban water supplier for the past five years. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records. (D) A detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the urban water supplier. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.
The most recent version of the California Water Plan Update was released in 2023, and it documents the Department of Water Resources dividing the state into ten separate hydrologic regions. Each hydrologic region is divided into distinct groundwater basins, each of which is typically divided further into smaller interconnected groundwater subbasins.
The following section summarizes the groundwater basin and subbasins underlying the City of Hanford which is within the Tulare Lake Hydrologic Region.
6.2.1 Basin Description
California Water Code
10631 (b)(4) If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, the following information shall be included:
(B) A description of any groundwater basin or basins from which the urban water supplier pumps groundwater.
This section provides a brief discussion of the groundwater basin, basin boundary and groundwater quality.
6.2.1.1 Groundwater Basin
The subbasin divisions help better define the aquifer below the City. These subbasins are interconnected and help filter, transmit, and store water and can also be further defined by the aquifer characteristics, such as confinement and soil properties.
The City is located above the San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin, and this basin can further be divided into: Kings, Kern County, Kaweah, Tulare Lake, Tule, Pleasant Valley, and Westside
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
groundwater subbasin. The City lies atop the boundary between the Tulare Lake Subbasin (Subbasin 5-022.12) and the Kaweah Subbasin (Subbasin 5-022.11), which is illustrated in Figure 6-1. The Tulare Lake subbasin is the specific groundwater subbasin in which the City resides and has a surface area of approximately 524,000 acres. It is bounded to the north by the Kings Groundwater Basin, to the south by the Kings-Kern County line, to the east by the Westside groundwater basin, and to the west by the California Aqueduct; the subbasin has a surface area of approximately 818 square miles.
The Tulare Lake Groundwater Subbasin is not an adjudicated groundwater basin. In characterizing the groundwater budget, the DWR has classified the subbasin as Type B, which means that enough data is available to estimate groundwater extraction to meet local needs, but not enough data is available to characterize the groundwater budget. Well yields in the Tulare Lake subbasin average between 300 and 1,000 gallons per minute (gpm), with a maximum of 3,000 gpm.
As of 1995, the DWR estimated the total water storage of the subbasin using an estimated specific yield of 8.5 percent and water levels collected by the DWR as well as other cooperators.
Based on these calculations, the DWR estimates the total storage capacity of the subbasin to be 17,100,000 AF to a depth of 300 ft and 82,500,000 AF to the base of fresh groundwater.
The 2003 DWR Bulletin 118 describes the subbasin water level as declining from 1970 to 2000, with fluctuation in the intervening years. Fluctuations can range from a general increase of 24 feet to decrease of up to 23 feet, with an average decline of 17 feet. According to the DWR, fluctuations are most significant in the lakebed area of the subbasin, with the area experiencing some of the steepest decreases and increases in water levels.
According to 2022 Tulare Lake Groundwater Sustainability Plan (Amended), GSAs estimate the total annual change in storage in the Subbasin storage ranged from -392,280 AF (2015) to 361,230 AF (2011) and averaged approximately -85, 690 AF per year during the 1990-2016 period. Municipal pumping was assumed to increase slowly from about 25,060 AF (2017) to about 30,160 AF (2070).
The Tulare Lake subbasin is monitored and addressed by Mid-Kings River Groundwater Sustainability Agency (MKR GSA), and the City of Hanford and County of Kings are the member agencies. According to Tulare Lake Subbasin Annual Report (Water Year 2024), Representative Monitoring Site (RMS) wells indicate that most groundwater elevations in Fall 2024 were higher than in Fall 2023, though some wells recorded slightly lower levels. In addition, none of the monitored wells exceeded the minimum thresholds for groundwater elevation.
6.2.1.2 Basin Boundaries
The Tulare Lake Subbasin is located within the southern portion of the San Joaquin Valley Basin in the Central Valley of California. The Subbasin is defined under Department of Water Resources (DWR) Bulletin 118 as a high-priority basin (Basin No. 5-22.012). This Subbasin is approximately
Lemoore
Hanford
Kings River
Tulare Lake
Basin
Kaweah
Basin
Kings
Basin
PRELIMINARYLegend
Groundwater Subbasins
Kings (5-22.08)
Kaweah (5-22.11)
Tulare Lake (5-22.12)
Hanford City Limits
Update: February 11, 2026
0 1 20.5
Miles
File Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Hanford\Water\260211-2025_UWMP\HF_Fig6-1_GroundWaterBasins_021126.aprx GIS
Figure 6-1
Groundwater Subbasins
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Hanford
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
48 miles long, 20 miles wide that covers 837 square miles (535,869 acres) including portions of the Kings, Kern, and Tulare Counties (DWR 2016b).
The Kaweah Subbasin is approximately 696 square miles in total, which is bounded by the Kings River Subbasin to the north, the Tulare Lake Subbasin to the west, the Tule Subbasin to the south, and the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the east. The Subbasin is defined under Department of Water Resources (DWR) Bulletin 118 as a high-priority basin (Basin No. 5-22.011). Only a small portion of the subbasin overlays the southern part of the city limit.
6.2.1.3 Groundwater Quality
Drinking water standards follow Title 22 as set forth by the State of California Code of Regulations, in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency, to monitor the quality of potable water. The City of Hanford Public Works Department routinely monitors the drinking water for over 120 drinking water contaminants in conformance with Federal and State laws from its active and standby well source.
According to the City’s 2024 Consumer Confidence Report (CCR), the quality of groundwater is generally of high quality. The median nitrate level for the groundwater is non-detectable, and the median total dissolved solid level for the groundwater is 463 mg/L.
6.2.2 Groundwater Management
California Water Code
10631 (b)(4) If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, the following information shall be included:
(A) The current version of any groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part 2.74 (commencing with Section 10720), any groundwater management plan adopted by the urban water supplier, including plans adopted pursuant to Part 2.75 (commencing with Section 10750), or any other specific authorization for groundwater management for basins underlying the urban water supplier’s service area.
(C) A detailed description and analysis of the location, amount, and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the urban water supplier for the past five years. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records. (D) A detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the urban water supplier. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.
This section documents relevant plans addressing groundwater supply and quality.
6.2.2.1 Groundwater Management Plan
The Tulare Lake Groundwater Sustainability Plan and Addendum, resubmitted in July 2022, was developed for the Tulare Lake Subbasin pursuant to the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. The Tulare Lake Subbasin is classified as a high-priority subbasin by DWR and is subdivided into five local Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs). The Mid-Kings River GSA covers the portion of the Tulare Lake Subbasin from which the City extracts its groundwater supplies.
April 2026 6-6 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
According to the Tulare Lake Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP), the intent of the plan is to manage groundwater resources such that adequate water supplies are maintained for existing users and established management objectives maintain a sustainable groundwater yield.
The sustainability goals for the Subbasin will be achieved by implementing the measures below, as extracted from the GSP.
• Understanding the interaction between existing and future conditions • Analyzing and identifying the effects of exiting management actions on the Subbasin • Implementing the GSP and its associated measures, including projects and management actions to halt and avoid undesirable future results
• Collaborating between agencies to achieve goals and protect beneficial uses • Assessing interim milestones the successes and challenges of the implemented projects and management action’s successes and challenges.
6.2.3 Overdraft Conditions
The Tulare Lake subbasin has been identified by DWR as a high-priority groundwater basin and is one of multiple subbasins within the state listed as being in a condition of critical overdraft. The Tulare Lake Subbasin GSP indicates that the Mid-Kings Rivers GSA intends to coordinate with KCWD to implement ongoing basin management objectives and overdraft mitigation measures.
Several efforts to mitigate overdraft were documented in the KCWD 2001 Groundwater Management Plan Update, which are briefly summarized below:
• Water Conservation Efforts: KCWD and the City of Hanford participate in several water conservation and education programs, contributing both funds and staff time. The agricultural users within the KCWD service area use the delivered water responsibly through various highly efficient irrigation systems. Additionally, water deliveries are metered and billed based on volume used and customers therefore have an incentive to minimize water usage.
• Increasing Surface Water Imports: KCWD currently delivers surface water to several water and canal companies. Utilization of surface water supplies decreases the demand on groundwater, serving as a form of in-lieu recharge. KCWD strives to provide surface water at a rate low enough to customers to encourage utilizing as much surface water as possible before resorting to groundwater pumping.
• Increasing Groundwater Recharge: KCWD operates 25 direct groundwater recharge basins and also leaves many earthen canals unlined for the purpose of recharge through seepage. The total recharge surface area, including both basins and unlined canals, is approximately 1,300 acres; the amount of recharge varies from year to year, and the most significant recharge effects occur during wet years.
6.2.4 Past Five Years Groundwater Pumping
There are currently 11 existing municipal groundwater wells located throughout the City, as shown in Figure 6-2, with a combined supply capacity of approximately 34.5 million gallons per day
April 2026 6-7 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
(mgd). The firm capacity, designated as the total capacity less the largest unit out of service, of the City wells is 31.6 mgd, as shown in Table 6-1.
Submittal Table 6-1 Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped
Water Code Section 10631(4) and 10631(4)(c)
6.3 SURFACE WATER
At the time of preparation of the 2025 UWMP, the City does not use surface water as part of its domestic water supply.
6.4 STORMWATER
At the time of preparation of the 2025 UWMP, the City does not divert stormwater for beneficial uses in its domestic water supply portfolio.
6.5 WASTEWATER AND RECYCLED WATER
This section discusses recycled water coordination, wastewater collection, treatment and disposal, the recycled water system and current, potential and projected recycled water uses within the system service area.
California Water Code
10633R The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. The preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier’s service area.
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Alluvial Basin Potable Hanford - Kings
County Wells 11,826 11,753 11,887 11,741 11,654
11,826 11,753 11,887 11,741 11,654
Groundwater
Type
May use each
category multiple
times
Water
Type
(OPTIONAL)
Location or
Basin Name
Total
198
198
HOUSTON AVE
IONA AVE
HANFORD ARMONA RD
LACEY BLVD
FARGO AVE
FLINT AVE
12TH AVE
11TH AVE
10TH AVE
13TH AVE
IDAHO AVE
8 1/2 AVE
43 GRANGEVILLE BLVD
43Well 48
Well 41T6
Well 38
Well 40
Well 43
T5 Well 42 Well 35
Well 47
Well 46
Well 49
Well 45
Well 50
T4
12 14
24 18
10 12
24 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 14
12 24
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 18
12 12
12 12
24 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
12 12
Figure 6-2
Existing Water System
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Hanford
Update: February 11, 2026
GIS
0 0.5 10.25
Mile
File Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Hanford\Water\260211-2025_UWMP\HF_Fig6-2_ExistingSystem_021126.aprx Legend
Existing System
Tanks
Pump Stations
Inactive Well
Wells
Pipes By Size
6" or Smaller
8"
10" or Larger
Other
City Limits
Waterways
2035 Growth Boundary
Planned Area Boundary
General Plan Study Area
PRELIMINARY
April 2026 6-9 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
6.5.1 Recycled Water Coordination
The City of Hanford is responsible for the collection, treatment, and disposal of wastewater within the City limits. The subsequent sections document information regarding the wastewater treatment facility, the use of reclaimed wastewater, and the coordination between agencies regarding the treated wastewater.
6.5.2 Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal
This section describes wastewater collection and disposal.
6.5.2.1 Wastewater Collected Within Service Area
The City collects wastewater from residential, commercial, and industrial customers within the City limits and some unincorporated areas. The collected flows are conveyed through a trunk system to a Wastewater Treatment Facility (WWTF) in the south of the City. The City’s large industrial area near the southern boundary of the City limits collect flows at a series of lift stations before being pumped north to the WWTF. Based on available data received from City staff, the WWTF treated an average annual wastewater flow of approximately 6,413 AF in 2025 (Table 6-2).
Submittal Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 Water Code Section 10633(a)
6.5.2.2 Wastewater Treatment and Discharge Within Service Area The City’s WWTF has an existing design capacity of 8.0 mgd and includes the following treatment components: a headworks, two primary clarifiers, two primary trickling filters, two secondary trickling filters, one oxidation ditch, four secondary clarifiers, three anaerobic digesters, one dissolved air flotation sludge thickener, sixteen sludge drying beds, one facultative sludge lagoon, one effluent equalization basin, six effluent disposal/percolation ponds, and two emergency effluent storage ponds. Treated wastewater is discharged to the facility’s equalization basin and then pumped to evaporation/percolation ponds or farmlands for agricultural irrigation. The City’s treatment and discharge of wastewater are summarized in Table 6-3.
Volume of
Wastewater
Collected from
UWMP Service
Area 2025
(AF)
City of Hanford 6,413 Hanford WWTF, Place ID
273118 Yes
6,413
Wastewater Collection Recipient of Collected Wastewater Wastewater
Volume
Metered or
Estimated?
Name of Wastewater
Collection Agency
Name of Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WWTP)
and Place ID Number
Is WWTP
Located Within
UWMP Area?
Total Wastewater Received from
UWMP Service Area in 2025:
April 2026 6-10 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 6-3 Retail: Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within Service Area in 2025 Water Code Section 10633(a)
Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Hanford WWTF, Place
ID 273118 No 6,413 6,413
Secondary,
Disinfected -
23 6,413
6,413 6,413 0 6,413 0 0 0
2025 Outcomes of Treated WastewaterDoes This
Plant Treat
Wastewater
Generated
Outside the
UWMP Service
Area?
(OPTIONAL)
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Name and Place ID
Number
Treatment
Level
Treatment
Level
Treatment
Level
Treatment
Level
Treatment
Level
Name of other
entity
Total 2025
Volume of
Water
Treated
Total
2025 Volume
of Wastewater
Received from
UWMP
Service Area
(As Reported
in Submittal
Table 6-2 R )
Water Recycled
Within UWMP Service
Area
(enter data as applicable)
Water Recycled
Outside of UWMP
Service Area
(enter data as applicable)
Effluent Discharge
that is not a Permitted
Recycled Water Use
(enter data as applicable)
Required Discharge for
Instream Flow
(enter data as applicable)
Delivered to Another Entity for
Additional Treatment
(enter data as applicable)
April 2026 6-11 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
6.5.3 Recycled Water System
The City currently distributes the chlorinated secondary-treated effluent wastewater to agriculture users, east and west of the WWTF, for crop irrigation. The irrigation of crops on privately owned land is permitted under the City’s two monitoring report programs (MRP) from the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). The first program, MRP 5-00-222, governs the use of recycled water on 11,500 acres of privately owned farmland within the Lakeside Irrigation Water Irrigation District (LIWD). In an agreement with LIWD, the City pays $30 per acre-foot to dispose of its recycled wastewater effluent. The second program, MRP 5-00-223, governs the use of recycled water on a 1,600-acre site owned by the City as well as several small privately owned farms near the WWTF. Appendix ______ includes the City’s Reclamation Project Agreement, which stipulates the City’s use of recycled water.
The City’s recycling of the disinfected secondary effluent on agricultural farmland does not directly offset potable water use. As such, this recycled water use was not able to assist the City in meeting its 2020 Urban Water Use Target and is not involved in Chapter 5. However, the City’s recycled water use does offset groundwater and surface water that would otherwise be used by farmers in the area. Furthermore, the recycled water consumer, LIWD locates outside of the city limit, therefore, LIWD’s recycled water demand is excluded from Hanford’s recycled demand projection in this report (2025 UWMP).
Delivery of the secondary treated effluent to permitted land involves two separate pump stations, each with a 24-inch discharge pipeline. One pump station delivers recycled water from the WWTF to land west of the WWTF through a 24-inch diameter reinforced concrete pipe. Recycled water delivered to the east and south of the WWTF is pumped by the second pump station through a 24-inch diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipeline.
6.5.4 Current, Potential, and Projected Recycled Water Uses This section documents the description of the quantity of current, potential and projected recycled water uses within their service area. In addition to California Water Code 10633 (b), (d) and (e), California Code of Regulations provides the definition of the term direct beneficial use.
California Water Code
10633 (b) A description of the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project. 10633 (d) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but not limited to, agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement, wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge, indirect potable reuse, and other appropriate uses, and a determination with regard to the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses.
April 2026 6-12 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
10633 (e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision.
6.5.4.1 Current and Planned Uses of Recycled Water
According to the City’s 2000 Recycled Water Engineering Report, irrigation demand for the LIWD lands alone are 27,103 acre-feet per year (afy). This demand will continue to exceed the amount of recycled water available from WWTF and is the most economically and technically feasible method for the City’s disposal of its treated effluent. However, the recycled water consumer, LIWD, is located outside of the city limit, therefore LIWD’s recycled water demand projection is not included in Hanford’s recycled water demand projection, nor documented in Table 6-4.
The City may decide in the future to re-evaluate the need or desirability of expanding its recycled water use to serve municipal customers. This would involve constructing a recycled water distribution system throughout the City and would require an upgrade to WWTF to provide tertiary treatment.
6.5.4.2 Planned Versus Actual Use of Recycled Water
The 2015 UWMP have identified agricultural irrigation in Lakeside Irrigation Water District (LIWD) as the sole method of recycling the City’s treated wastewater effluent. However, LIWD is located outside of the City Limit. In this report (2025 UWMP), the recycled water use in LIWD is excluded from the Hanford’s Recycled water use, as shown in Table 6-5.
April 2026 6-13 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 6-4 Retail: Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area Water Code Section 10633 (c)(e)
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) Volume Narrative page number (OPTIONAL)
Check box if recycled water is not used and is not planned for use within the service area of the supplier. The supplier will only complete the column on "Potential Recycled Water Use" and submit an accompanying narrative on the feasibility of that potential recycled water use.
Use Type
Water Type
(after treatment if
treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Additional Information
(as needed)
Potential Recycled Water Use
Name(s) of Facility/ies Producing (Treating) the Recycled Water (OPTIONAL) :
Name of Supplier Operating the Recycled Water Distribution System (OPTIONAL) :
Supplemental Water Added in 2025 (volume) Include units (OPTIONAL) :
Source of 2025 Supplemental Water (OPTIONAL) :
April 2026 6-14 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 6-5 Retail: 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual
Water Code Section 10633 (e)
6.5.4.3 Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use As previously discussed, the City’s current method of recycling its WWTF effluent through agricultural irrigation on LIWD permitted farmland is the most economically and technically feasible method of disposal. Therefore, additional measures taken by the City to encourage recycled water use, such as financial incentives or informational programs, are not expected to result in additional recycled water use, as summarized in Table 6-6.
Submittal Table 6-6 Retail: Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use Water Code Section 10633 (f)
6.6 DESALINATED WATER OPPORTUNITIES
California Water Code
10631 (g) Describe the opportunities for development of desalinated water, including, but not limited to, ocean water, brackish water, and groundwater, as a long-term supply.
The groundwater under the City is not brackish in nature and does not require desalination.
However, the City could provide financial assistance to other water purveyors in exchange for water supplies; the City could consider this option should the need arise. 2020 Projection
for 2025
2025 Actual
Use
(AF) (AF)
Check the box if recycled water was not used in
2025 nor previously projected for use in 2020.
Proceed to the next table.
Use Type
Expected Increase in Recycled Water
Use
(AF)
(AF) 0
0 Check the box if the Supplier does not plan to expand recycled water use in the future.
Supplier will not complete the table below but will provide narrative explanation.
Provide page location of narrative in the UWMP
Total
Name of Action Description
Unit Conversion to AF
Planned
Implementation Year
April 2026 6-15 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
6.7 WATER EXCHANGES AND TRANSFERS
California Water Code
10631 (c) Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long-term basis.
There are currently no known exchanges, transfers, or interties that exist between the City and any other water system.
6.8 FUTURE WATER PROJECTS
California Water Code
10631 (f) Include a description of all water supply projects and water supply programs that may be undertaken by the urban water supplier to meet the total projected water use, as established pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10635. The urban water supplier shall include a detailed description of expected future projects and programs that the urban water supplier may implement to increase the amount of the water supply available to the urban water supplier in normal and single dry water years and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water years. The description shall identify specific projects and include a description of the increase in water supply that is expected to be available from each project. The description shall include an estimate with regard to the implementation timeline for each project or program.
As discussed in previous sections, the City’s sole source of potable water is groundwater. As such, the only method available to provide additional supply capacity for growing demand is the construction of new wells, and there are no additional types of future water projects the City plans to implement.
The City’s total supply capacity is approximately 34.9 MGD; its firm capacity, designated as the total capacity less the largest unit out of service, is approximately 32.0 MGD. The 2017 WSMP identified needs for additional groundwater wells as the City’s demands increase, which are reflected in the City’s capital improvement program. Previous planning efforts have identified two additional wells for construction. The rated capacity of these additional wells has yet to be determined, but for planning purposes is assumed equal to the average rated capacity of the City’s 14 existing wells, which is approximately 2,700 afy. The City also plans to construct a new tank to serve the southern industrial park, which will improve the reliability of the industrial park’s distribution system. These improvements are summarized on the following page in Table 6-7.
April 2026 6-16 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs Water Code Section 10631 (f)
Note:
1. For planning purposes, the expected increase to the City's water supply for future wells with a capacity that is to be determined is equal to the average supply capacity of the City's existing wells. This average supply capacity is approximately equal to 2,700 afy per well site.
6.9 SUMMARY OF EXISTING AND PLANNED SOURCES OF WATER
The City’s groundwater supply has been adequate to meet the City’s historical demands and Table 6-8 summarizes the total amount of groundwater pumped in 2025. In order to meet the growing demand, new groundwater wells construction should be considered. The City intends to continue to use groundwater as the sole source of potable water supply. Annual projections for the City’s groundwater supplies are estimated based on the groundwater sustainability analysis (Appendix _______), which consolidated the estimated sustainable yield information documented in Tulare Lake Subbasin GSP and the City’s planning water service area.
Annual projections for the City’s recycled water supplies are summarized in Table 6-9 and assume that the City will continue to use 100 percent of its recycled water for agricultural irrigation, although a portion of the water will be lost to evaporation and percolation. Projected recycled water supply was assumed to be equal to the projected annual wastewater flow of the WWTP. This projected wastewater flow was calculated based on the projected water demand and historical average of the city-wide return-to-sewer ratio, using available data between 2006 and 2020. Consistent with the 2020 UWMP all treated wastewater effluent is expected to be used to irrigate agricultural lands. Table 6-9 summarizes the total projected water supply, including groundwater and recycled water sources, available through 2050.
It should be noted that Tulare Lake subbasin which underlies the City is not adjudicated, and the projected groundwater supply volumes are not intended to and do not limit the City’s water rights or maximum pumping volumes. The Mid-Kings River GSA continues to evaluate any options to enhance groundwater supplies; however, to date, Tulare Lake GSP has not restricted the Joint Project with
other suppliers?
(AF)
Additional Wells (Well
51 and Well 52) No
Two new wells;
currently constructed
but not supplying water
Potable 2025-2030 All Year Types 5,400
Sand Slough - Houston
Avenue Pipeline
Project
No
Pipeline expansion
boosting Sand Slough
recharge capacity
Non-Potable 2025-2030 All Year Types 25
Planned for Use
in Year Type
Planned
Implementation
Year
Expected
Increase in
Water Supply
to Supplier
(This may be a
range)
Name of Future
Projects or Programs Drop Down List
(yes/no)
Additional Description
(as needed)
Water Type
(after treatment
if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
April 2026 6-17 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
maximum groundwater availability. The City of Hanford actively participates in the preparation of the GSP and monitors any potential changes to groundwater availability in the future.
Submittal Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies — 2025 Actual Water Code Section 10631 (b)
Submittal Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies — Projected
Water Code Section 10631 (b)
6.10 CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS
Potential impacts of climate change may not only influence demand throughout the City’s service area but could alter the water supply availability. Based on the City’s location and current climate, the most notable changes in climate would be related to increasing average temperature, intensifying storm events, and periods of extended drought. Other potential effects, such as decreasing snowpack or rising sea levels, would not have a direct impact on the City’s water Actual Volume
(AF)
Groundwater (not desalinated) Potable 11,654
Recycled Water Non-Potable 6,413
11,654
6,413
18,067
2025
Total
Subtotal Potable
Subtotal Non-Potable
Water Type
(after treatment if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Water Supply
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (opt)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Reasonably
Available Volume
Reasonably
Available Volume
Reasonably
Available Volume
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Groundwater (not
desalinated) Potable 11,654 11,654 11,654 11,654 11,654 Recycled Water Non-Potable 5,077 5,318 5,569 5,833 6,109 16,731 16,972 17,223 17,487 17,763Total
Projected Water Supply (Report to the Extent Practicable) Additional
Detail on
Water
Supply
Water Type
(after treatment
if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Water Supply
April 2026 6-18 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
demand or supply. Changes in annual precipitation and temperature could have an impact on the City’s overall water use as well as available supply volumes. The City, as well as other local water supply agencies, will continue to monitor available water supply volumes and year-on-year changes to determine actions necessary to mitigate potential supply shortages.
6.11 ENERGY INTENSITY
California Water Code
10631.2.(a) In addition to the requirements of Section 10631, an urban water management plan shall include any of the following information that the urban water supplier can readily obtain:
(1) An estimate of the amount of energy used to extract or divert water supplies. (2) An estimate of the amount of energy used to convey water supplies to the water treatment plants or distribution systems.
(3) An estimate of the amount of energy used to treat water supplies. (4) An estimate of the amount of energy used to distribute water supplies through its distribution systems. (5) An estimate of the amount of energy used for treated water supplies in comparison to the amount used for nontreated water supplies.
(6) An estimate of the amount of energy used to place water into or withdraw from storage. (7) Any other energy-related information the urban water supplier deems appropriate.
An urban water supplier’s energy intensity (EI) is the amount of energy (kWh) consumed for the purpose of supplying water from the point that it enters the City’s service area to the point at which it exits the system at the point of delivery. The 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook provides guidance for estimating energy intensity associated with the source of water used by an urban water supplier. The purpose of calculating the City’s energy intensity is to:
• Develop a baseline energy use per acre-foot of treated water delivered by the water system.
• Aid in Identifying energy saving opportunities in the future. • Allow for comparing energy use among similar agencies.
The estimate of energy intensity includes requirements for the purpose of water conveyance, extraction, treatment, placing water into and taking it from storage, and distribution. The City’s water energy intensity only accounts for the water management processes occurring within its operational control. The following water management processes are accounted for in the City’s energy intensity estimate, which is based on existing processes and available records:
• Extraction of groundwater from Tulare Lake Subbasin.
• Delivery of treated water to end users.
Energy use data relating to the extraction, diversion, conveyance, treatment, distribution and placing into and taking from storage in the City’s water supply system was acquired from Southern California Edison (SCE) meter data for year 2025. The City, therefore, utilized Table O-1B (Appendix ___) for its EI calculations instead of Table O-1A or O1-C, since it is not possible to distinguish between energy used for treatment and conveyance at this time.
April 2026 6-19 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Total energy use and volume of water entering the City’s water system for year 2025 were 9,068,734 kWh and 11,654 AF, respectively, resulting in an Energy Intensity of 778 kWh/AF (2,388 kWh/MG).
Optional Submittal Table O-1B: Recommended Energy Reporting
6.12 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 6-1: Groundwater Volume Pumped
• Table 6-2: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 • Table 6-3: Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 • Table 6-4: Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area • Table 6-5: 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual • Table 6-6: Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use • Table 6-7: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs • Table 6-8: Water Supplies- 2025 Actual
• Table 6-9: Water Supplies-Projected
• Optional Table O-1B: Recommended Energy Reporting
Water Delivery Product
drop down list
(If delivering more than one type of product recommend
using Table O-1C)
Retail Potable
Deliveries
Start Date of Reporting Period 1/1/2025
End Date of Reporting Period 12/31/2025
Is upstream embedded energy in the values reported?
Units of Measure for Water (AF) Total Utility
See DWR NOTES Hydropower Net Utility
11,654 11,654 9,068,734 9,068,734 2,388 - 2,388 Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water Supplier's Operational Control
Sum of All Water
Management Processes Non-Consequential Hydropower
Volume of Water Entering Process
Energy Consumed (kWh)
Energy Intensity (kWh/vol. converted to MG)
April 2026 7-1 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2025 City of Hanford
7.0 CHAPTER 7 – WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT
This chapter assesses the reliability of the City’s water supply under normal conditions, single- year dry conditions, and consecutive five-year dry conditions. The assessment includes a comparison of water use versus expected water supply through 2050, and includes the Drought Risk Assessment.
7.1 CONSTRAINTS ON WATER SOURCES CONSIDERATIONS
California Water Code
10631 (b)(1) A detailed discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal water year, single dry year, and droughts lasting at least five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, as described in the drought risk assessment. For each source of water supply, consider any information pertinent to the reliability analysis conducted pursuant to Section 10635, including changes in supply due to climate change. 10634 The plan shall include information, to the extent practicable, relating to the quality of existing sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments as described in subdivision (a) of Section 10631, and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.
As discussed in previous sections, groundwater is the City’s sole existing and planned water supply source. The potential constraints affecting the City’s water supply are summarized below.
Chapter Focus
This chapter focuses on integrating the City’s water supply portfolio with its water use characterization. This integration brings together the UWMP elements into a succinct synopsis that depicts the City’s water service reliability. The reliability assessments highlight the incongruencies, if any, between the City’s water supplies and customer’s water demands, and influence the development of the City’s DRA described in this chapter and the WSCP described in a later chapter.
The DRA is a specific planning action that assumes the City is experiencing a drought over the next five years and addresses the City’s reliability in the context of presumed drought conditions.
Together, the WSRA, DRA, and WSCP allow the City to have a comprehensive picture of its short-term and long-term water service reliability and to identify the tools to address any perceived or actual shortage conditions.
April 2026 7-2 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
7.1.1 Legal Factors
Examples of legal factors that could impact the supply reliability of a water distribution system include pumping limitations in adjudicated groundwater basins and surface water contracts. As noted in Chapter 6 the Tulare Lake Groundwater Subbasin, the sole basin from which the City extracts groundwater, is not an adjudicated groundwater basin and there are no legal limitations on the amount of groundwater the City can extract under the Mid-Kings River Groundwater Sustainability Agency’s (MKR GSA) Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP).
7.1.2 Environmental Factors
Environmental concerns can arise during the water planning process when a project’s impact on the ecosystem is taken into consideration. These concerns can subsequently cause a lack of supply due to the enforcement of environmental legislation. The City’s groundwater source is not expected to be limited by environmental concerns.
7.1.3 Water Quality Factors
If a surface water or groundwater source has water quality constituents that exceed allowable levels, the amount of water a supplier can obtain from that source can be limited. The City’s groundwater supply has one water quality constituent that has historically required mitigation measures in order to ensure the supply is not limited, which is arsenic. Arsenic is concentrated in the clay strata beneath the City, and hydrogen sulfide, which may cause discoloration, adverse taste, and a smell typically compared to rotten eggs. The City has implemented a chlorination program for the water supply, and hydrogen sulfide is no longer considered a water constituent of concern. The steps taken by the City to ensure the water supply is unaffected by arsenic are summarized in the following section.
7.1.3.1 Arsenic
Congress passed the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in 1975 to protect public health. In accordance with the SDWA, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 0.050 mg/L for arsenic. Amendments to the SDWA in 1996 required the EPA to establish a new MCL of arsenic, which is the current MCL of 0.010 mg/L.
Through the preparation of several studies, the City has determined the best methods for reducing the levels of arsenic in their water supply. These studies include:
• 1989 Water Quality Study (Carollo Engineers)
• 1996 Water System Master Plan (Boyle Engineers)
• 2005 Arsenic Reduction Study (Carollo Engineers)
• 2005 Water Supply and Distribution Capacity Analysis for the Arsenic Reduction Study (Carollo Engineers)
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The alternative methods considered by the City to reduce arsenic concentrations below the MCL are summarized as follows:
• Abandon high arsenic wells and drill replacement wells with lower concentrations • Blend water from wells with higher concentrations with wells of lower concentrations • Install well head treatment
• Rehabilitate wells that produce water with high arsenic concentrations to a block of strata with low concentrations, producing water low in arsenic.
A non-treatment based approach was determined to be the most cost effective for the City and was comprised of the following three improvement projects:
• Abandon six shallow wells with low production and high arsenic concentration. Replace the abandoned wells with two wells of a higher production capacity and lower arsenic concentration.
• Abandon and replace three wells that could not be rehabilitated with new wells with higher production capacities and acceptable arsenic conditions. • Three deep wells were rehabilitated to ensure they only extract groundwater from a zone with lower arsenic concentrations.
The City’s water quality report for 2024 indicates that arsenic averaged 4.77 µg/L with a range of ND to 11 ug/L. Arsenic is a known contaminant in the area water supply wells and is monitored comprehensively by the Tulare Lake Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Agency (GSA). The City’s supply wells remain compliant with the MCL of 10 µg/L. Hanford’s Well 50 has an average arsenic level of 10.6 µg/L. Well 45 has also had sample results at and near the MCL with a maximum of 10 µg/L. Thus, based on the current levels, the long-term reliability of the City’s water supply is not restricted due to arsenic.
7.1.3.2 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
Water systems must complete initial monitoring for PFAS by April 26, 2027, and begin compliance monitoring on the same date. By April 26, 2029, water systems must comply with the MCLs set for PFAS. On April 10, 2024, the EPA finalized the National Primary Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR) for six PFAS compounds. California has also established notification levels for PFAS compounds, which are advisory levels used to inform consumers and guide water systems in managing PFAS contamination. The City sampled their active wells for PFAS in February and July of 2023. There were no detections in the supply wells tested, therefore, the City is currently in compliance with State and federal PFAS standards.
7.1.3.3 Trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) (California Only)
The State issued an MCL for 1,2,3-TCP in 2018. The limit was set at the same level as the detection limit, which is 5 ng/L. Although it was included in the Unregulated Contaminant
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Monitoring Rule 3 (UCMR3), the EPA has yet to implement a federal drinking water standard for 1,2,3-TCP. The sources of 1,2,3-TCP are legacy use of certain pesticides and there is a strong correlation with shallower wells near farmland and its occurrence. 1,2,3-TCP has not been detected in the deeper wells around Hanford.
7.1.3.4 Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR)
The EPA's Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR), effective October 16, 2024, introduce several updates to the existing rule:
• Trigger Level for Lead: In addition to the action level of 0.015 mg/L for lead, water systems must now adhere to a 0.010 trigger level.
• Service Line Inventory and Replacement: Water systems must develop and maintain an inventory of lead service lines by October 16, 2024.
• Enhanced Monitoring: The rule requires more rigorous testing of drinking water, particularly in schools and childcare facilities.
• Public Notification: Once an action level has been exceeded, and the City has received notice, they must follow through with notifying the customer within 24 hours of receipt of the information.
To date, Hanford complies with all the current requirements for the LCRR. If any service lines must be replaced under the new rule, the City must begin a program for notification of customers and replacement of those service lines in 2025.
7.1.3.5 Disinfection Byproduct Monitoring Rules
The Disinfection Byproducts Rule (DBPR) ensures that water systems monitor and control levels of disinfection byproducts, such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, to protect public health.
The rules were implemented in 1998 and updated in 2006. DBPs are formed when disinfectants used in water treatment react with natural organic matter present in the water. The primary DBPs of concern are trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and haloacetic acids (HAA5). The EPA regulates these DBPs to ensure safe drinking water and protect public health. While most pollutants are monitored in the water supply sources, such as wells, DBPs must be monitored at select locations within the distribution system. The City of Hanford conducts quarterly sampling for DBPs. Over the past year, most sample locations have remained in compliance with regulatory standards.
7.1.4 Climatic Factors
The primary climatic factors that affect the reliability of water supply system are precipitation and runoff characteristics, specifically the seasonal trend. Systems that rely heavily on surface water are most vulnerable to changes in water supply when a shift in precipitation and runoff amounts reduce the amount of surface water available. The City does not rely on surface water as a source of supply and is not vulnerable to these supply reductions.
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7.2 WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT
California Water Code
10635 (a) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.
7.2.1 WSRA Year-Type Characterization
This section outlines the annual water supply year-types, and the data sources used to evaluate supply.
Types of Years
This section discusses the types of years considered in the evaluation of water supply reliability, summarized in Table 7-1 on the following page. The conditions are as follows:
• Normal Year – A normal year represents median precipitation runoff and typical runoff patterns, with water supply quantities generally comparable to historical averages. In this Guidebook, DWR uses the terms “average” and “normal” interchangeably when addressing this water-year type.
• Single Dry Year – A single dry year is defined as the year with the lowest usable water supply, typically represented by the year 1984, reflecting the lowest annual supply on record.
• Five-Consecutive-Year Drought – A five-consecutive-year drought is defined as the period of five consecutive years with the lowest usable water supply. Multiple dry years can significantly impact the water supply system by reducing local and statewide reservoir levels and lowering groundwater levels. Available supply under these conditions is based on the minimum historical yields calculated as a five-year running average. The period from 1987 to 1991 has been selected to represent the five-consecutive-year drought.
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Submittal Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment)
Sources for Water Data
Historical rainfall data sources listed in the DWR guidebook, including the National Weather Service website operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) website, and the Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC) website, were consulted and analyzed to establish the basis for a normal year, a single dry year, and a five-consecutive-year drought for the City.
The groundwater data was obtained from the Mid-Kings River Groundwater Sustainability Agency’s (MKR GSA) Groundwater Sustainability Plan.
7.2.2 WSRA Supply and Demand Comparison
During extended drought periods, city-wide water use patterns are expected to change. Outdoor water use may initially increase as irrigation compensates for reduced rainfall; however, these potential increases can be partially mitigated through enhanced water conservation measures.
In accordance with California Water Code Section 10635(a), urban water suppliers must evaluate the reliability of their water service by comparing available water supplies with projected water demands over a 20-year planning horizon in five-year increments. This assessment considers Average Year 2000 100%
Single-Dry Year 1984 84%
Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year 1987 93%
Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year 1988 90%
Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year 1989 88%
Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year 1990 86%
Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year 1991 87%
8,964
8,673
8,470
8,252
8,402
% of Average Supply
(AF)
Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats
Check the box if quantification of available supplies
is not compatible with this table and is provided
elsewhere in the UWMP.
Location: [insert location from UWMP]
Volume Available
Quantification of available supplies is provided in this table as either volume only, percent only, or both.
9,649
8,074
Year Type
Base Year
If not using a
calendar year, type
in the last year of
the fiscal, water
year, or range of
years, for example,
water year 2024-
2025, use 2025
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water supply availability under three hydrologic conditions: a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive dry years.
The water supply available to the City under different hydrologic conditions is summarized in Table 7-1. Because the City utilizes groundwater as its sole source of supply, the available “supply” drawn from the aquifer in any year is equal to the system-wide water demand for that particular year. The demand projections for the various hydrologic water years are summarized in Table 7-2, Table 7-3, and Table 7-4 and assume the projected supply will be equal to the projected demand as the City’s sole source is groundwater. Normal-year supply is based on estimated natural groundwater recharge for the Tulare Lake Subbasin, as documented in the Tulare Lake Subbasin Groundwater Management Plan (Amended in July 2022). For conservative planning, percentages of normal-year supply are applied to estimate available supply during single-dry and multiple-dry water years.
7.2.2.1 Supply and Demand Comparisons – Normal Year
Under normal-year conditions, the estimated groundwater recharge from the subbasins is assumed to meet the City’s projected water demand over the planning horizon. Table 7-2 shows the normal-year supply and use comparison.
Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635 (a)
7.2.2.2 Supply and Demand Comparison – Single Dry Year
During a single dry year, groundwater recharge and overall water supply are expected to decrease due to reduced precipitation. The available supply is estimated by applying a single dry- year percentage of normal-year recharge for the subbasins. Water demand patterns may shift during dry conditions, with outdoor irrigation potentially increasing, though conservation measures help mitigate these increases. Comparing this reduced supply with projected demand allows 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals
(autofill from Submittal
Table 6-9 R)
16,731 16,972 17,223 17,487 17,763
Use totals
(autofill from Submittal
Table 4-2 R)
11,763 12,486 13,253 14,068 14,932
Surplus/(shortfall) 4,968 4,486 3,970 3,419 2,831
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assessment of the City’s ability to maintain reliable water service under short-term drought conditions. Table 7-3 presents the City’s total projected demand alongside the reduced supply.
Submittal Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635(a)
7.2.2.3 Supply and Demand Comparison – Five Consecutive Dry Years A drought lasting five consecutive dry years represents a more severe scenario with prolonged reductions in groundwater recharge. For this condition, the available supply is estimated as a lower percentage of the normal-year recharge to account for the cumulative effects of multiple dry years. Comparing this long-term reduced supply with projected demand helps identify potential shortages and informs planning for drought response and water conservation measures. Table 7-4 summarizes the City’s total projected demand alongside the long-term reduced supply.
7.2.3 WSRA Description of Management Tools and Options
California Water Code
10620 (f) An urban water supplier shall describe in the plan water management tools and options used by that entity that will maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.
To reduce the strain on groundwater resources during prolonged drought, the City has developed a Water Shortage Contingency Plan to prevent and water waster and encourage conservation within the community.
The City’s supply reliability depends on the rate of available recharge for the groundwater subbasins beneath the City. KCWD imports raw water to recharge the groundwater subbasins they manage, which includes the Tulare Lake subbasin. During periods of drought, the imported water supplies available to KCWD can be reduced or not provided at all, which would reduce the amount of recharge available to the groundwater basins.
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals 16,731 16,972 17,223 17,487 17,763
Use totals 13,174 13,984 14,844 15,756 16,724
Surplus/(shortfall) 3,557 2,988 2,379 1,731 1,039
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Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635(a)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
First Year
Supply totals 16,731 16,972 17,223 17,487 17,763
Use totals 13,174 13,984 14,844 15,756 16,724
Surplus/(shortfall) 3,557 2,988 2,379 1,731 1,039
Second Year
Supply totals 16,731 16,972 17,223 17,487 17,763
Use totals 13,174 13,984 14,844 15,756 16,724
Surplus/(shortfall) 3,557 2,988 2,379 1,731 1,039
Third Year
Supply totals 16,731 16,972 17,223 17,487 17,763
Use totals 13,174 13,984 14,844 15,756 16,724
Surplus/(shortfall) 3,557 2,988 2,379 1,731 1,039
Fourth Year
Supply totals 16,731 16,972 17,223 17,487 17,763
Use totals 13,174 13,984 14,844 15,756 16,724
Surplus/(shortfall) 3,557 2,988 2,379 1,731 1,039
Fifth Year
Supply totals 16,731 16,972 17,223 17,487 17,763
Use totals 13,174 13,984 14,844 15,756 16,724
Surplus/(shortfall) 3,557 2,988 2,379 1,731 1,039
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7.3 DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT
California Water Code
10612 “Drought Risk Assessment” means a method that examines water shortage risks based on the driest five-year historic sequence for the agency’s water supply, as described in subdivision (b) of Section 10635. 10635(b) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment for its water service to its customers as part of information considered in developing the demand management measures and water supply projects and programs to be included in the urban water management plan. The urban water supplier may conduct an interim update or updates to this drought risk assessment within the five-year cycle of its urban water management plan update. The drought risk assessment shall include each of the following:
(1) A description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts five consecutive water years, starting from the year following when the assessment is conducted. (2) A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions. This may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all, conditions.
(3) A comparison of the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.
(4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
As part of the 2025 UWMP, the California Water Code requires urban water suppliers to develop a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA). The DRA is a planning exercise that evaluates the potential impacts on available water supply if a five-year drought were to occur immediately following its preparation. As with the supply and demand assessment described in the previous section, the DRA focuses exclusively on the effects of a five-year drought. It also accounts for the influence of the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan on both available supply and total demand. Overall, the DRA provides a proactive review to prepare the City for a worst-case water supply scenario in the near term.
7.3.1 DRA Data, Methods, and Basis for Water Shortage Conditions The DRA assesses the impact on available water supply over the course of a five-year drought.
Since the City’s only water supply source is groundwater, the same data and methodology used to prepare the supply and demand assessment through 2050, as described in the preceding section, can be applied for the DRA.
For conservative planning purposes, the DRA assumes an unconstrained demand condition within the City’s service area, meaning that no additional demand management measures or water use reductions are applied beyond the City’s year-round prohibitions. This approach allows the DRA to determine whether further water use reductions, as outlined in the Water Shortage Contingency Plan, may be necessary.
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7.3.2 DRA Individual Water Source Reliability
The DRA water supply and demand comparisons are presented in Table 7-5, which indicates that available groundwater supplies are expected to meet projected demands through 2025, even under a five-year drought scenario.
The City’s DRA assumes that available groundwater supply is equivalent to the rate of natural groundwater recharge. Reductions in supply volumes during the five-year drought are applied to account for the effects of consecutive dry years. The available water supply volumes for each source are documented as follows:
• Tulare Lake Subbasin: The available supply volume during a normal water year is assumed to equal the rate of natural groundwater recharge, as documented in the Tulare Lake Subbasin GSP (2022 Amended). During a five-year drought, this supply is reduced according to the percentages summarized in Table 7-1.
As shown in Table 7-5, the City’s total available water supply ranges from 16,865 AFY to 17,348 AFY.
7.3.3 DRA Total Water Supply and Use Comparison
The City’s DRA is summarized in Table 7-5. Based on assumptions for available supplies consistent with prior planning efforts and considering an unconstrained demand condition, the DRA indicates that the City can meet projected water demands under a five-consecutive-year drought beginning in 2025. Currently, no water shortage declarations or response actions are required.
Submittal Table 7-5 Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Water Code Section 10635(b)(3)
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7.4 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 7-1: Basis of Water Year Data
• Table 7-2: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison
• Table 7-3: Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison
• Table 7-4: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison • Table 7-5: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment
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2025 City of Hanford
8.0 CHAPTER 8 – WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
This chapter includes the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) which is a required structured plan for dealing with water shortages, incorporating standardized water conservation action levels, along with implementation actions in the event of a catastrophic supply interruption.
8.1 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
California Water Code
10632.3 It is the intent of the Legislature that, upon proclamation by the Governor of a state of emergency under the California Emergency Services Act (Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 8550) of Division 1 of Title 2 of the Government Code) based on drought conditions, the board defer to implementation of locally adopted water shortage contingency plans to the extent practicable.
10632 (a)(1) The analysis of water supply reliability conducted pursuant to Section 10635. 10632.5.(a) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632, beginning January 1, 2020, the plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of each of the various facilities of a water system and mitigate those vulnerabilities.
Chapter Focus
This chapter focuses on the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), a critical tool for proactive and efficient water management during shortages. The WSCP provides a structured framework for monitoring supply conditions and implementing pre-planned response actions and minimizing service disruptions. The WSCP defines levels of water shortage, outlines demand reduction measures, and describes the process for conducting an annual supply and demand assessment.
The WSCP prepares the system to address both predictable and unexpected risks, including natural disasters or the failure of a primary water source by establishing tiered demand reduction and supply enhancement measures for events such as earthquakes, fires, floods, or system failures, allowing the City to anticipate challenges and respond effectively. It also addresses communication protocols during shortages, methods for determining compliance and enforcing water use restrictions, discussing financial impacts, and monitoring and reporting the effectiveness of any implemented water demand reduction measures.
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The City currently relies solely on groundwater, with supply wells extracting water from the Tulare Lake Subbasin of the San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin. These basins are managed by Mid- Kings River Groundwater Sustainability Agency and the 2022 Tulare Lake Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Plan and Addendum documents the rates of natural recharge for these supply sources. Consistent with prior planning efforts, the City’s Water Supply Reliability Analysis assumes that the available supply from each subbasin is equal to the rate of natural recharge.
The analysis also accounts for the impacts of a single-dry year and a five consecutive dry-year period.
As part of the 2025 UWMP, the City has also prepared a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA), a proactive planning tool designed to prepare the City for potential worst-case water supply conditions. The DRA evaluates the City’s projected water demands over the next five years against estimated available supplies in the event of a five-year drought. The results of the DRA, prepared as part of the 2025 UWMP, indicate that the City has adequate supplies to meet projected demands over the next five years.
Pursuant to the California Water Code, the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan also includes a seismic risk assessment, which describes the vulnerability of the infrastructure facility to earthquakes and other seismic hazards. Details on the Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan are provided in a subsequent section of this chapter.
8.2 ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT
California Water Code
10632 (a) Every urban water supplier shall prepare and adopt a water shortage contingency plan as part of its urban water management plan that consists of each of the following elements:
10632 (a)(2) The procedures used in conducting an annual water supply and demand assessment that include, at a minimum, both of the following:
(A) The written decision-making process that an urban water supplier will use each year to determine its water supply reliability.
(B) The key data inputs and assessment methodology used to evaluate the urban water supplier’s water supply reliability for the current year and one dry year, including all of the following:
(i) Current year unconstrained demand, considering weather, growth, and other influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand objectives in future years, as applicable.
(ii) Current year available supply, considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in the current year and one dry year. The annual supply and demand assessment may consider more than one dry year solely at the discretion of the urban water supplier. (iii) Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints. (iv) A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.
(v) A description and quantification of each source of water supply. 10632.1 An urban water supplier shall conduct an annual water supply and demand assessment pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and, on or before July 1 of each year, submit an annual water shortage assessment report to the department with information for anticipated shortage, triggered shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the supplier’s water
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shortage contingency plan. An urban water supplier that relies on imported water from the State Water Project or the Bureau of Reclamation shall submit its annual water supply and demand assessment within 14 days of receiving its final allocations, or by July 1 of each year, whichever is later.
Updates to the California Water Code now require urban water suppliers to prepare an annual water supply and demand assessment (Annual Assessment). The results of this assessment must be summarized in a report submitted to the DWR by July 1 of each year, with the first report due on July 1, 2022. The purpose of the Annual Assessment is to ensure that water suppliers proactively evaluate available water supplies and demand, while identifying any potential need to implement the Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
It should be noted that the DWR is currently preparing a stand-alone guidance document to provide general procedures for urban water suppliers in completing the Annual Assessment. At this time, the decision-making process and steps for completing the Annual Assessment are preliminary and will be refined once the DWR guidance document is finalized.
8.2.1 Decision Making Process
This section describes the decision-making process for preparing and approving the Annual Assessment each year. The reporting timeline is illustrated in Figure 8-1, and the milestones documented on Table 8-1A.
Figure 8-1 Annual Assessment Reporting Timeline
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Table 8-1A Annual Assessment Reporting Milestone
Key Timeline Description
September to
February:
Ongoing
Monitoring and
Review
For most of the year, City staff will continue to monitor and report monthly water production and consumption. This data will be used when preparing the Annual Assessment to compare system-wide water demands year-to- year and to project demands for the following year.
March: Initiate
WSCP Annual
Assessment
City staff will initiate the Annual Assessment process by compiling collected water demand and production data. Other relevant information includes, but is not limited to:
• Land Use/Planning: Changes in land use or the number of building permits, which will be used to estimate demand for the following year.
• Hydrologic Year Review: Review of rainfall and hydrologic conditions over the past year, noting that the City’s wet year typically ends in April.
• Climate Forecast: Consideration of any available climate projections.
The purpose of gathering this information is to assess the various factors affecting water demand across the City’s service area. This analysis will guide projections of water demand for the upcoming year.
April: Review
Available Supply
Information
A preliminary Annual Assessment is usually completed by Mid-Kings River GSA and prior to April. City staff will review this document upon its availability and use it as the basis for estimating available water supply for the upcoming year. If necessary, staff will also prepare to implement any water shortage response actions noted by Mid-Kings River GSA.
May: City
Council Review
of Annual
Assessment
The Annual Assessment draft will be presented to the City Council for information and discussion. If the assessment recommends water shortage actions, the City Council will be asked to authorize the implementation of the recommended measures.
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June: Finalize
Annual
Assessment
The Annual Assessment is finalized after considering feedback received during the City Council review process.
July: Submit
Annual
Assessment
The Annual Assessment will be submitted to DWR on or before July 1st.
8.2.2 Data and Methodologies
This section describes the key data and methodologies used to prepare the Annual Assessment.
This includes historical water supply information, historical and projected water demand, and projected water supply, which the City uses to evaluate their water supply reliability for both a normal and a subsequent dry-year condition.
8.2.2.1 Evaluation Criteria
The primary criteria used in preparing the City’s Annual Assessment are projected water demand and available supply. The supply information will be based on any available subarea-wide review of available water supplies prepared by Mid-Kings River Groundwater Sustainability Agency, Kings County Water District, or other local groundwater planning agencies. Demand projections are developed using multiple factors, including historical demand, land use changes, building permits, and historical rainfall. The City will continue to evaluate its Annual Assessment preparation process, and additional criteria may be incorporated if considered appropriate.
8.2.2.2 Water Supply
The City currently relies solely on groundwater as its water supply. The City operates several groundwater wells, each of which is monitored with production reported monthly. These monthly production records are used to characterize current water use and to compare with previous years, providing a basis for estimating water production requirements for the upcoming year.
As the Groundwater Sustainability Agency, Mid-Kings River GSA manages water supplies within the Tulare Lake Subbasin; this also includes the Mid-Kings River Subarea, which is used by the City for supply. The water supply analysis prepared by each GSAs within the Tulare Lake Subbasin in preparation of their Annual Report will provide a critical basis for water supply assumptions, regarding available water supply volumes and any pumping restrictions required to be implemented if any.
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8.2.2.3 Current Year Unconstrained Customer Demand
Billed water consumption is reported monthly and will be used to characterize the City’s current water use. These records will be compared to the corresponding months of the previous year to identify significant changes in water use patterns across the City’s service area. In addition, information on recent developments and current building permits will allow City staff to estimate anticipated changes in water demand for the upcoming year.
8.2.2.4 Current Year Available Supply
The Annual Assessment estimates the current year available supply for current hydrological conditions as well as a possible subsequent dry year. The supply estimate will be based on the Drought Risk Assessment supply estimation methodology documented in the 2025 UWMP and it will also incorporate information from the Tulare Lake Groundwater Annual Report and Mid-Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency.
8.2.2.5 Infrastructure Considerations
The Annual Assessment will include a review of ongoing capital projects that may affect the demand and supply projections. Examples of such capital projects include water loss reduction, distribution system expansions to serve growth, or the development of new groundwater wells.
The City’s 2017 Water, Wastewater and Storm Drainage System Master Plans, and the 2026 planned update, will identify any additional infrastructure considerations to be implemented within the City’s service area.
8.3 WATER SHORTAGE LEVELS
The City has adopted the six standard water shortage levels recommended by DWR, as shown in Table 8-1. Identifying the appropriate shortage level will be in accordance with the procedures outlines in a section of the Annual Assessment procedures.
California Water Code
10632 (a)(3)(A) Six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent shortages and greater than 50 percent shortage. Urban water suppliers shall define these shortage levels based on the suppliers’ water supply conditions, including percentage reductions in water supply, changes in groundwater levels, changes in surface elevation or level of subsidence, or other changes in hydrological or other local conditions indicative of the water supply available for use. Shortage levels shall also apply to catastrophic interruption of water supplies, including, but not limited to, a regional power outage, an earthquake, and other potential emergency events.
10632 (a)(3)(B) An urban water supplier with an existing water shortage contingency plan that uses different water shortage levels may comply with the requirement in subparagraph (A) by developing and including a cross-reference relating its existing categories to the six standard water shortage levels.
For example, if the Annual Assessment identifies a 22% water shortage, the City would be considered in a Moderate Drought condition. Based on recommendations from City staff, the City
April 2026 8-7 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Council has the authority to declare the appropriate conservation level necessary to manage system demands and mitigate the shortage. The City Council may also adjust or terminate a shortage response level as recommended by staff.
The City’s groundwater supply relies on natural recharge from surface water runoff as well as deep percolation of applied irrigation water. During drought periods, when the natural recharge sources are less than in typical years, the basin is at risk of overdraft and subsidence. To support these efforts and reduce water consumption citywide, the City maintains a water conservation ordinance that can be invoked to implement water use restrictions.
The City’s conservation ordinance currently establishes permanent water use restrictions and a multi-stage water rationing plan that can be implemented to adjust water use during shortage conditions. Each rationing stage specifies a water demand reduction percentage to be applied to normal water demands. Implementation of the plan depends on the cause, severity, and anticipated duration of the water shortage, and may include a combination of voluntary and mandatory conservation measures to reduce citywide water use. The water shortage stages are summarized in Table 8-1B on the following page.
Table 8-1B Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 8-1: Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels Water Code Section 10632(a)(3)(B)
NOTES:
Shortage Level 1: Minor Shortage Potential
Shortage Level 2: Moderate Shortage Potential
Shortage Level 3: Critical Shortage Potential
8.4 SHORTAGE RESPONSE ACTIONS
Pursuant to CWC 10632(a)(4), this section documents the detailed shortage response actions, organized into categories that correspond with the established shortage levels.
California Water Code
10632 (a)(4) Shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels and include, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.
(B) Locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages. (C) Locally appropriate operational changes.
(D) Additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to state- mandated prohibitions and appropriate to the local conditions. (E) For each action, an estimate of the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action.
10632.2 An urban water supplier shall follow, where feasible and appropriate, the prescribed procedures and implement determined shortage response actions in its water shortage contingency plan, as identified in subdivision (a) of Section 10632, or reasonable alternative actions, provided that descriptions of the alternative actions are submitted with the annual water shortage assessment report pursuant to Section 10632.1. Nothing in this section prohibits an urban water supplier from taking actions not specified in its water shortage contingency plan, if needed, without having to formally amend its urban water management plan or water shortage contingency plan.
Standard
Shortage
Levels
Percent
Shortage Range
Suppliers
Shortage
Levels
Percent Shortage Range
1 Up to 10% 1 10-20%
2 Up to 20% 2 20%-35%
3 Up to 30% 3 35%-50%+
4 Up to 40%
5 Up to 50%
6 >50%
April 2026 8-9 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
The City’s WSCP includes shortage response actions that may be implemented during a water shortage. In addition, the City’s municipal code establishes permanent, year-round water use restrictions to minimize water waste. Both the shortage response actions and permanent water use restrictions are summarized in this chapter.
8.4.1 Supply Augmentation
As noted in previous sections, groundwater is the City’s sole source of supply, and there are no known opportunities for direct supply augmentation through exchanges, transfers, or purchase programs. Therefore, supply augmentation actions are not included in the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan at this time.
Submittal Table 8-2 Retail: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(A), (C) and (E)
8.4.2 Demand Reduction
The City of Hanford can implement a variety of demand reduction measures as response actions to corresponding water shortage levels. These measures may include restrictions on irrigation and outdoor water use, changes to water rate structures, public education and outreach efforts, or adjustments to water supply service. Other demand reduction such as infrastructure improvements or the installation of water efficient fixtures are considered long-term water demand reduction strategies and are therefore not included as actions in this Water Shortage Contingency Plan. City staff will continue to evaluate additional demand management approaches, including the potential implementation of Water Offsets for new developments and drought rate structures in the immediate future.
Consumption reduction actions are measures taken by the City to reduce demand within the service area, and usually in response to a declared water shortage or emergency condition. The City’s consumption reduction actions, for each shortage level, are summarized in Table 8-3, along with brief descriptions or explanations.
No
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
(May be a range)
(AF)
1 Percentage 0 No Action is Taken.
2 Percentage 0 No Action is Taken.
3 Percentage 0 No Action is Taken.
Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) How much is this going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation Methods and
Other Actions by Water Supplier
Volume or
Percentage
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 8-3 Retail: Demand Reduction Actions
Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(B) and (E)
No Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand
Reduction Actions
Drop down list
These are the only
categories that will
be accepted by the
WUEdata online
submittal tool.
Select those that
apply.
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or
Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
For Retail Suppliers
Only
Drop Down List
Volume or
Percentage
Drop down
Shortage Gap
Reduction
Value
(May be a range)
(AF)
1 Landscape - Limit
landscape
irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 10%
Prohibit sprinkling, irrigating, or
otherwise applying water to any
yard, ground, premises or
vegetation except on the following
designated days:
- Properties ending with even-
numbered addresses: Tuesday and
Saturday
-Properties ending with odd-
numbered addresses: Wednesday
and Sunday
Yes
1 Landscape - Limit
landscape
irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 10%
Prohibit sprinkling, irrigating, or
otherwise applying water to any
yard, ground, premises or
vegetation on any day of the week
between the hours of 10 a.m. and
6 p.m. during periods designated
as "Daylight savings time"
(generally occurring between
March and November).
Yes
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
1 Landscape - Other
landscape
restriction or
prohibition
Percentage 10%
Prohibit sprinkling, irrigating, or
otherwise applying water to any
yard, ground, premises, or
vegetation except by the use of a
hand-held hose, a sprinkling device
or an approved sprinkler system
controlled by an automatic shut-
off device or a person who is in
immediate attendance of the
sprinkling device or system.
Yes
1 Landscape - Other
landscape
restriction or
prohibition
Percentage 10%
Prohibit sprinkling, irrigating, or
otherwise applying water to any
yard, ground, landscaping or
vegetation during and up to 48
hours after measurable rainfall.
Yes
1 Landscape -
Prohibit certain
types of landscape
irrigation
Percentage 10%
Prohibit sprinkling, irrigating, or
otherwise applying water to any
ornamental turf or public street
medians.
Yes
1 Landscape - Other
landscape
restriction or
prohibition
Percentage 10%
Prohibit sprinkling, irrigating, or
otherwise applying water to any
yard, ground, landscaping, or
vegetation outside of a newly
constructed home or a building in
a manner inconsistent with
regulations or other requirements
established by the California
Building Standards Commission
and the California Department of
Housing and Community
Development
Yes
1 Landscape -
Restrict or prohibit
runoff from
landscape
irrigation
Percentage 10%
Prohibit water used to irrigate any
yard, ground, landscaping or
vegetation to run or waste onto
non-irrigated areas, private or
public walkways, sidewalks,
driveways, streets or adjoining or
adjacent property.
Yes
1 Other - Customers
must repair leaks,
breaks, and
malfunctions in a
timely manner
Percentage 10%
Prohibit keeping, maintaining,
operating, or using any water
connection, hose, faucet, hydrant,
pipe, outlet, or plumbing fixture
which is not tight and free from
leakage and dripping.
Yes
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
1 Other Percentage 10%
Prohibit washing any type of
vehicle, boat, or trailer with water
supplied by a hose unless the hose
is fitted with a shut-off nozzle or
device attached to it that causes it
to cease dispensing water
immediately when not in use.
Yes
1 Other - Prohibit
use of potable
water for washing
hard surfaces
Percentage 10%
Prohibit use of water for sidewalk,
driveway, or walkway washing
cleaning, except as required to
address an immediate public
health or safety need.
Yes
1 Water Features -
Restrict water use
for decorative
water features,
such as fountains
Percentage 10%
Prohibit operation of water
fountains or other decorative
water fixtures without
recirculation pumps.
Yes
1 Other water
feature or
swimming pool
restriction
Percentage 10%
Prohibit draining and filling of a
swimming pool or similar water
feature more than once during a
one year period (all pool drainage
must occur pursuant to a permit
issued by the City's public works
department).
Yes
1 Other Percentage 10% Prohibit willful or negligent waste of water in any manner. Yes
1 CII - Lodging
establishment
must offer opt out
of linen service
Percentage 10%
Require operators of hotels and
motels to provide guests with the
option of choosing not to have
towels and linens laundered daily.
Each hotel and motel shall
prominently display notice of this
option in each bathroom using
clear and easily understood
language.
Yes
1 Landscape -
Prohibit certain
types of landscape
irrigation
Percentage 10%
Prohibit the planting of rye grass
on any property that is serviced by
the city's water system.
Yes
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
1 Other Percentage 10%
The city may issue Conditional
Water Permits that allow the
watering of new landscaping
planted outside of newly-
constructed buildings on days
and/or times other than those
consistent with the current use
restrictions.
Yes
1 Other - Prohibit
vehicle washing
except at facilities
using recycled or
recirculating water
Percentage 10%
Prohibit charity and community
vehicle wash events, including any
event at which an individual or
group, which is not a commercial
washing business operating legally
in the city, offers to the general
public or portion thereof the
service of washing, with water, any
type of vehicle, boat, or trailer in
exchange for a fee, donation, or
other form of compensation, or for
no compensation.
Yes
1 Landscape -
Prohibit certain
types of landscape
irrigation
Percentage 10%
Eliminate watering of ornamental
turf areas. Water only actively
used turf areas no more than twice
per week. Trees and shrubs may
be watered only twice per week
using a handheld hose with a
positive shutoff nozzle or drip
irrigation. Use of reclaimed water
(if available), is exempt.
Yes
1 Landscape - Limit
landscape
irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 10%
Water no more than twice per
week using only hand-held hoses
with positive shutoff nozzle or drip
irrigation systems. Eliminate
sprinkler use.
Yes
1 CII - Restaurants
may only serve
water upon
request
Percentage 10%
Prohibit the serving of drinking
water, other than upon request, in
eating or drinking establishments.
Yes
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
1 Other - Customers
must repair leaks,
breaks, and
malfunctions in a
timely manner
Percentage 10%
When a leak is discovered by a
customer in a customer's water
system and a customer is charged
for water that has not been used,
as a result of the leakage, it shall
be policy of the city to aid the
customer in locating the leak. If
the leak is repaired by the
customer within a period of ten
days of the date the leak was
discovered and the customer can
establish that a portion of the
charges identified in its water bill
are in excess of the amount
normally charged to the customer,
that excess amount of water use
caused by the leakage shall be
charged to the customer at the
standard water rate. If the leak is
not repaired by the customer
within the 10-day period, the
portion of the excess water usage
which results from the leakage will
be billed at two times the standard
water rate until the leak is
repaired by the customer. The city
shall give prompt notice to a
customer if the city obtains
information indicating that a leak
may exist in the customer's
exclusive control.
Yes
1 Other - Prohibit
use of potable
water for
construction and
dust control
Percentage 10%
All construction water must be
reclaimed or non-potable.
Issuance of construction meters
will be only for testing and
disinfection of potable water lines.
Yes
2 Percentage 0% No action is taken. No
3 Percentage 0% No action is taken. No
4 Percentage 0% No action is taken. No
5 Percentage 0% No action is taken. No
6 Percentage 0% No action is taken. No
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table 8-3 Retail: Reduction Actions Matrix
Notes:
1. Source: City of Hanford, Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
2. Every level of shortage includes the most restrictive limitations of the previous levels (e.g. level 3 includes level 0 through 2 prohibitions).
3. Dash marks represent no change.
8.4.3 Operational Changes
During a water shortage, changes to water system operations may be implemented. These operational changes may include enhanced monitoring and tracking of water use, adjustments to fire hydrant testing frequencies, modifications in maintenance cycles, and expedited repair of water leaks.
Restricted Watering
or Irrigation Hours
All water hoses must have automatic
shut-off nozzles
No watering: 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM PST
Watering Days Only after 48 hours of rainfall
Obligation to Fix
Water Fixtures Repairing water leakages
Limits on Filling
Ornamental Ponds
or Lakes
Only recirculating fountains
Water Consumption Any run-off on hard surfaces and any
negligent waste is prohibited.
Exceptions for
Watering
Restrictions
---
Limits on Potable
Services ---
Limits on Buildings
and Construction ---
Limits on New
Developments or
Annexations
---
1. Newly-constructed buildings require Conditional Water Permits
2. Potable water is not provided for construction activities Prohibited applying water on surfaces around new buildings or construction site (per California Building Regulations) Issuance of construction or provisional meters are assigned only forB4:F14 testing and disinfection of potable water lines.
Prohibition for:
1. Washing vehicles outside of legal commercial washing business with recirculating systems (Exception: Using equipment with shut-off nozzle or use sensor)
2. Washing public, hard surfaces (Exception: Health or safety purposes)
Exceptions may consider hand-held hose or supervised/automatic irrigation system
Properties ending in even-number address: Tuesday & Saturday Properties ending in odd-number address: Wednesday & Sunday
1. Not maintaining water features with leakages without recirculating pump
2. Fixing identified leakages within 10 days after excess in water bill or city’s notice to costumer
Prohibition on sprinkling, irrigating, or applying water to ornamental turf or public medians
Commercial establishments may serve drinking water or washing services only per request.
Rye grass must not be planted on serviced areas
Washing
Restrictions
All commercial car washes must use
recycled water
Response Actions Level 0
0 - 9% Reduction
Level 1
10- 20% Reduction
Level 2
21 - 35% Reduction
Level 3
36 - 50% Reduction
April 2026 8-16 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
8.4.4 Additional Mandatory Restrictions
Additional mandatory restrictions are described in a previous section.
8.4.5 Emergency Response Plan
The City has a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, most recently updated in 2012, that provides a framework for the City to address a catastrophic supply interruption due to various hazards, including seismic, geological, wildfire, and flooding hazards. The plan is intended to define the actions required of the City before, during, and after an emergency. It also guides the City’s response to major emergencies and disasters.
8.4.6 Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan
In addition to the Emergency Response Plan described in a previous section, the California Water Code requires urban water suppliers to document a locally appropriate multi hazard mitigation plan developed under the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, that includes documentation of seismic risk assessment. Kings County developed such a hazard mitigation plan in December 2012. The City’s service area is included in the boundaries reviewed as part of this mitigation plan.
8.4.7 Shortage Response Action Effectiveness
In addition to documenting demand reduction actions, the 2025 UWMP also estimates the effectiveness of these actions in reducing systemwide demand. The City records water consumption and production on a monthly basis, and this data can be used to evaluate the effects of any demand reduction actions that are implemented. Most recently, during the 2012–2016 drought, the City entered Water Shortage Level 2 for several summer months of 2015. This included the implementation of multiple demand reduction actions described in a previous section.
Based on a comparison of historical monthly production data, it is estimated that systemwide water use was approximately 10 to 20 percent lower during the Level 2 Water Shortage period California Water Code
10632.5 (a) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632, beginning January 1, 2020, the plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of each of the various facilities of a water system and mitigate those vulnerabilities. 10632.5 (b) An urban water supplier shall update the seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan when updating its urban water management plan as required by Section 10621.
10632.5 (c) An urban water supplier may comply with this section by submitting, pursuant to Section 10644, a copy of the most recent adopted local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan under the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390) if the local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan addresses seismic risk.
April 2026 8-17 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
compared to other years. Therefore, as documented in Table 8-3, the Level 2 Water Shortage response actions are estimated to achieve a reduction effectiveness of 10 to 20 percent.
8.5 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
California Water Code
10632 (a) Every urban water supplier shall prepare and adopt a water shortage contingency plan as part of its urban water management plan consists of each of the following elements:
(5) Communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments, regarding, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Any current or predicted shortages as determined by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1.
(B) Any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1. (C) Any other relevant communications
When the City identifies the need for short-term water use reductions as directed by the Water Shortage Contingency Plan or the Annual Assessment, clear and effective communication will be critical to achieve the necessary demand reductions. Methods of public notification may include newspaper publications, bill inserts, announcements on the City’s website, social media posts, and press releases or informational campaigns. These public notification methods may be implemented during a Level 2 Water Shortage, with more targeted communications regarding leaks and high water users during a Level 3 Water Shortage.
8.6 COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT
Customers who violate the provisions of the water code related to water shortage conditions may be subject to the following penalties, in accordance with the Amended Hanford Municipal Code Section 13.04.150:
• First violation will result in a written warning delivered to the customer from Public Works Department personnel or police department.
• Second violation will result in a fine of fifty dollars imposed on the customer’s water bill. • Third violation will result in a written notice of the violation. Additionally, for unmetered customers, a water meter shall be installed by the city to monitor all water usage on the property. Water meter purchasing costs and installation fees shall be billed to the customer and are due within thirty days of the billing. Metered customers shall have a penalty of one hundred dollars imposed on their water bill.
California Water Code
10632 (a)(6) For an urban retail water supplier, customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions as determined pursuant to Section 10632.2.
April 2026 8-18 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
• The fourth violation will result in a written notice of the violation and a penalty of two hundred dollars penalty shall be imposed on the customer’s water bill. The last column in Submittal Table 8-3 indicates whether any penalties, fines, or other enforcement actions are associated with a specific demand reduction action.
8.7 LEGAL AUTHORITIES
This section lists relevant statutory authorities, local ordinances, codes, and resolutions, as well as any water supply contract provisions that apply to the City.
8.7.1 Declaration of Water Shortage
The City has the legal authority to implement and enforce its water shortage response actions, including associated penalties, water rate adjustments, and restrictions or alterations to water service. City Urgency Ordinance 15-06, which amended the water supply shortage regulations for the City in June 2015, documents the demand reduction measures and enforcement protocols.
8.7.2 Proclamation of Local Emergency
Pursuant to California Government Code, California Emergency Services Act (Article 2, Section 8558), the City is required to coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency.
8.8 FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF A WATER SHORTAGE
CONTINGENCY PLAN
California Water Code
California Water Code
10632 (a)(7)(A) A description of the legal authorities that empower the urban water supplier to implement and enforce its shortage response actions specified in paragraph (4) that may include, but are not limited to, statutory authorities, ordinances, resolutions, and contract provisions. 10632 (a)(7)(B) A statement that an urban water supplier shall declare a water shortage emergency in accordance with Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 350) of Division 1.
10632 (a)(7)(C) A statement that an urban water supplier shall coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency, as defined in Section 8558 of the Government Code.
Division 1, Section
350
Declaration of water shortage emergency condition. The governing body of a distributor of a public water supply, whether publicly or privately owned and including a mutual water company, shall declare a water shortage emergency condition to prevail within the area served by such distributor whenever it finds and determines that the ordinary demands and requirements of water consumers cannot be satisfied without depleting the water supply of the distributor to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
10632 (a)(8) A description of the financial consequences of, and responses for, drought conditions, including, but not limited to, all of the following:
(A) A description of potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4).
(B) A description of mitigation actions needed to address revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4). (C) A description of the cost of compliance with Chapter 3.3 (commencing with Section 365) of Division 1. [retail urban suppliers only]
The activation of the Water Shortage Contingency Plan and associated Water Shortage Levels has financial implications for the City. Reduced water consumption can lead to decreased revenue, while proactive operational measures may increase operational and maintenance costs.
The City periodically updates the water rates through comprehensive studies. The City continues to assess meeting long-term revenue requirements, ensuring revenue stability in water rates, providing adequate funding for capital improvements, and ensuring rates comply with applicable laws, including Proposition 218. Furthermore, the City conducts a thorough and transparent public process prior to implementing any rate adjustments.
Currently, the City reserve funds include an operating reserve that normally equals 60 days of the utility’s budgeted annual operating expenses. The operating reserve is intended to promote financial viability in the event of any short-term fluctuation in revenues. This Rate Stabilization reserve is to further promote financial stability in the event of short-term reductions in rate revenues.
These reserves and potential rate modifications help mitigate the financial impacts of implementing the Water Shortage Contingency Plan. Finally, the City is considering the adoption of a “Drought Rate Schedule” as part of its next Water Rate Study to help partially offset the financial impacts of reduced water use and specifically during drought periods.
Additionally, potential mitigation actions specific to the drought stages are documented in Table 8-
4. These are preliminary measures and would be evaluated in greater detail if a water shortage occurs.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table 8-4 Financial Consequences of WSCP
8.9 MONITORING AND REPORTING
Monitoring and reporting under the Water Shortage Contingency Plan and Annual Assessment will be based on metered water production and consumption data. Ongoing review and comparison with historical data for corresponding months will allow the City to assess the effectiveness of WSCP measures. Additionally, in response to implemented shortage response actions and water shortage levels, the City’s Water Department may increase meter reading frequency to better collect, track, and analyze water use.
8.10 WSCP REFINEMENT PROCEDURES
California Water Code
10632 (a)(10) Reevaluation and improvement procedures for systematically monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the water shortage contingency plan in order to ensure shortage risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategies are implemented as needed.
The WSCP is intended as a dynamic planning tool subject to ongoing refinement as needed.
Following the declaration of water shortage and implementation of the WSCP, the monitoring and reporting procedures described in a previous section will provide insight into its effectiveness. City Stage Supply
Reduction
Financial
Consequences Anticipated Mitigation Actions
0 None None Funding provided for supplemental water supply reserve.
1 10%-20%
Potential increase in O&M
expenses and mild reduction
in revenue.
Reduce O&M costs and identify supplemental funding
sources.
2 21%-35%
Moderate increase to O&M
expenses and decrease in
revenue.
Defer capital expenditures and consider use of
reserves.
3 35%-50%+ Significant increases to O&M
and decreases in revenue. Implement long-term O&M budget reductions.
California Water Code
10632 (a)(9) For an urban retail water supplier, monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
staff will assess the performance of communication protocols, demand reduction actions, operational adjustments, and financial mitigation measures. If this review identifies opportunities for procedural improvements or new WSCP actions, staff may incorporate these into an amended 2025 UWMP.
8.11 SPECIAL WATER FEATURE DISTINCTION
The California Water Code requires urban water suppliers to differentiate between water features that are artificially supplied and swimming pools or spas. The City’s current demand reduction actions reflect this distinction, as documented in a previous section.
8.12 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AVAILABILITY, AND AMENDMENT
PROCEDURES
The adoption and submittal process for the WSCP, as well as its public availability, follow the same procedures as the City’s UWMP. If an amendment is made, stakeholder and public notification will be conducted in accordance with UWMP procedures prior to adoption of the amended plan.
8.13 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 8-1: Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels • Table 8-2: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions
• Table 8-3: Demand Reduction Actions
California Water Code
10632 (b) For purposes of developing the water shortage contingency plan pursuant to subdivision (a), an urban water supplier shall analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 115921 of the Health and Safety Code.
California Water Code
10632 (c) The urban water supplier shall make available the water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to this article to its customers and any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 30 days after adoption of the water shortage contingency plan.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2025 City of Hanford
9.0 CHAPTER 9 – DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
This chapter documents the City’s efforts to reduce water demand using specific demand measurement measures (DMMs) as well as any other actions to maintain ongoing water conservation.
9.1 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR RETAIL SUPPLIERS
California Water Code
10631 (e) Provide a description of the supplier’s water demand management measures. This description shall include the following:
(1)(A) For an urban retail water supplier, as defined in Section 10608.12, a narrative description that addresses the nature and extent of each water demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The narrative shall describe the water demand management measure that the supplier plans to implement to achieve its water use targets pursuant to Section 10608.20. (B) The narrative pursuant to this paragraph shall include descriptions of the following water demand management measures:
(i) Water waste prevention ordinances.
(ii) Metering.
(iii) Conservation pricing.
(iv) Public education and outreach.
(v) Programs to assess and manage distribution system real loss. (vi) Water conservation program coordination and staffing support. (vii) Other demand management measures that have a significant impact on water use as measured in gallons per capita per day, including innovative measures, if implemented.
9.1.1 Implementation Over the Past Five Years
I. Metering and Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss: From 2021 to 2025, the city expanded its Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) project, replacing aging meters with ultrasonic meters and providing customers access to the EyeOnWater® platform for near real-time usage monitoring and leak alerts due to distribution system losses to support water conservation.
Chapter Focus
This chapter summarizes the demand management measures, which are additional actions the City plans on implementing to achieve water use targets and maintain ongoing conservation.
The purpose of this section is to provide a comprehensive overview of the water conservation programs the City has implemented, is currently implementing, and plans to implement to achieve its water conservation goals.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
II. Other Demand Management Measures - Large Landscape Conservation Program:
From 2021 through 2025, Hanford implemented and enforced its Water Efficient Landscape Design and Installation Ordinance (2022) for commercial and large landscape projects, requiring efficient irrigation design, plant selection, and irrigation audit support.
9.1.2 Required Demand Management Measures
9.1.2.1 Water-Waste Prevention Ordinances
The City adopted a Water Waste Ordinance in 1976 requiring all new connections to the water system to have meters. Citations were issued for ordinance violation and a penalty was imposed after three violations; a water meter was installed after the fourth violation, with all installation costs being charged to the customer. In 1986 the Water Waste Ordinance was revised, increasing the penalty for the first violation to 15 dollars and every subsequent penalty to ten dollars. A flow restrictor is installed if the violations continue. In 2015, the Water Waste Ordinance was revised, increasing the penalty for the second violation to 50 dollars and the fourth violation to 200 dollars.
On August 4, 2014 the City Council adopted updated Water Supply Shortage Regulations and declared a Level 1 Water Supply Shortage, with the intent of reducing water use by 20% as compared to the previous year. Over the following 8-months, the City’s customers achieved a
13.6% water use reduction compared to the same time period in the previous year, which was short of the 20% reduction goal. In May 2015, City staff recommended the implementation of additional water use reduction methods and the declaration of a Level 2 Water Supply Shortage, which was adopted by the City Council. As part of this declaration, additional water reduction methods have been put in place, including but not limited to the prohibition of irrigating public medians with potable water, washing down sidewalks and driveways, and operating a decorative water feature without a recirculation system. The full summary of water use prohibitions and consumption reduction methods for each water supply shortage level is discussed in Chapter 8, as part of the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
9.1.2.2 Metering
California Water Code
526 (a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, an urban water supplier that, on or after January 1, 2004, receives water from the federal Central Valley Project under a water service contract or subcontract... shall do both of the following:
(1) On or before January 1, 2013, install water meters on all service connections to residential and nonagricultural commercial buildings... located within its service area. 527 (a) An urban water supplier that is not subject to Section 526 shall do both the following:
(1) Install water meters on all municipal and industrial service connections located within its service area on or before January 1, 2025.
Since the 1976 adoption of a Water Waste Ordinance, all new connections to the water system have been required to have meters. The City requires the installation of a water meter for any
April 2026 9-3 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
unmetered customer that installs a swimming pool or constructs an addition to an existing home valued in excess of 5,000 dollars. The City has also worked to convert previous unmetered and flat rate accounts to the new AMR metering system currently in use throughout the City.
9.1.2.3 Conservation Pricing
Currently, the City bills customers at a monthly rate per 100 cubic feet and fixed monthly rates. In December 2015, the City adopted a resolution (Appendix ____) to increase the monthly water rate in order to provide sufficient funds to operate, maintain, and improve the water system and to pay debt service for bonds, maintain system facilities, and provide water quality compliance. The City currently does not utilize seasonal rates and has no declining rate structure.
9.1.2.4 Public Education and Outreach
The City has undertaken multiple public information programs to help reduce water consumption and raise public awareness of methods of water conservation.
9.1.2.4.1 Public Information Programs
In order to raise awareness of water conservation, the City implements programs for the purpose of distributing water use information to the public through varying methods, which can include brochures, radio or television broadcasts, or through school programs and videos. Additionally, information on water use conservation can be found on the City website.
The City currently distributes information about water-saving tips, outdoor water use restriction reminders, and water saving information in the local paper, in the monthly bill stuffers, at the City’s seasonal farmers market, and at the Hanford Mall.
9.1.2.4.2 School Education Program
As a member of the Kings County Water Education Committee (KCWEC), the City sends representatives to public schools throughout the county to give presentations on water safety and water conservation. KCWEC also provides book covers to schools detailing water conservation and water safety information.
9.1.2.4.3 Residential Water Audits
In 2014, the City started providing residential water audits for members of the community who wished to have their system evaluated. In 2015, the City began auditing Commercial, Institutional, and Industrial users as part of a State Conservation Order.
9.1.2.5 Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss When water enters the transmission and distribution system, it is difficult to account for the end result of the water. As a means to better account for water use in the system, a water supplier may use a water audit. Unaccounted for water is the difference between the water supplied to the
April 2026 9-4 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
system and the cumulative total of metered water use. The City’s ability to accurately determine the amount of unaccounted for water is complicated by the number of unmetered service connections, and the City has not conducted a formal water auditing and leak detection program at this time. However, the City has been implementing an automated meter reading (AMR) retrofit for its existing connections, allowing City staff to identify users with high consumption rates.
Additionally, the new meters allow the City to identify connections with relatively constant consumption rates throughout both day and night, indicating the customer may have a leak. The City identifies these potential leak locations and advises potentially affected customers.
Currently, the City does not meter sewer and hydrant flushing, as well as street sweeping, and the City compares well production with water usage to determine these uses. Additionally, unaccounted for water can be an indicator of leaks, meter errors, water system repair or maintenance, or illegal connections.
The City’s annual capital improvement budget currently allocates funds for system repairs, including transmission and distribution mains, as well as pump stations and storage tanks. Leaks within the system are immediately fixed upon detection. The City keeps a record of all repaired leaks in the Public Works Department.
9.1.2.6 Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support The Utilities Superintendent is responsible for coordinating and expanding the City’s water conservation program as well as providing useful water conservation information to residents through the various public outreach programs. The City employs part-time staff to enforce water use prohibitions and write violations; the City recently hired a full-time water conservation technician to assist with the enforcement of the water conservation program.
9.1.2.7 Other Demand Management Measures – Water-Wise Landscaping In accordance with Assembly Bill 325, the Water Conservation Landscaping Act, the City has adopted a Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance, which limits the amount of turf in landscaping, requires plant groupings according to water needs, and provides some flexibility to the landscape designer while promoting landscape water efficiency. The Parks Superintendent is responsible for reviewing all commercial landscaping plans for compliance before permits are issued.
To ensure that commercial landscape water use does not exceed allowable levels, the Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance establishes a method of breaking up landscaped areas into zones that have similar water use requirements, either none, low, medium, or high. Based on the water use requirements of each zone, a multiplier is applied to the square footage of the zone and the sum of these zone calculations must not exceed the project’s total landscaped area.
9.2 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter does not include any submittal tables.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2025 City of Hanford
10.0 CHAPTER 10 – PLAN ADOPTION
This chapter summarizes the process for adopting and submitting the UWMP as well as the ways the public can access the adopted UWMP.
10.1 PLAN COMPLETION TIMELINE
The 2025 UWMP guidebook allows for the reporting of either calendar year or fiscal year reporting. The City of Hanford has completed this 2025 UWMP based on calendar year reporting, and thus the data was collected through December 31st, 2025, and evaluated as part of this reporting.
10.2 NOTICE OF PLAN PREPARATION
California Water Code
10621 (b) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan shall … at least 60 days prior to the public hearing on the plan … notify any city or county within which the supplier provides waters supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan.
The City provided notice to relevant stakeholders, summarized in Table 10-1, on December 17th, 2025. This notification was issued more than 60 days prior to the public hearing on the 2025 UWMP, meeting the required timeline.
Chapter Focus
This chapter outlines the procedures for adopting, submitting, and making the UWMP and WSCP publicly accessible. Transparent adoption and implementation ensure that customers and stakeholders are informed about water management practices and water supply reliability.
Public notices and hearings provide opportunities for review and input, while formal adoption incorporates the plans into the City’s management strategy, supporting informed decision- making and compliance with statutory requirements.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties Water Code Section 10621(b) and 10642
10.3 NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
California Water Code
10642 …Prior to adopting either [the plan or water shortage contingency plan], the urban water supplier shall make both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings thereon. Prior to any of these hearings, notice of the time and place of the hearing shall be published within the jurisdiction of the publicly owned water supplier pursuant to Section 6066 of the Government Code [see below].. ..
California Government Code
6066 Publication of notice pursuant to this section shall be once a week for two successive weeks. Two publications in a newspaper published once a week or oftener, with at least five days intervening between the respective publication dates not counting such publication dates, are sufficient. The period of notice commences upon the first day of publication and terminates at the end of the fourteenth day, including therein the first day.
A notice of the public hearing was published in the local newspaper in accordance with Government Code 6066. Documentation of the public notice is included in Appendix ____, and the draft 2025 UWMP was made available for review at various City facilities and on the City’s website.
10.4 PUBLIC HEARING AND ADOPTION
California Water Code
10642 Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan. Prior to adopting either, the urban water supplier shall make both the plan City Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public Hearing
City of Hanford Yes Yes
County Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
Kings County Yes Yes
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
and the water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings thereon…. After the hearing or hearings, the plan or water shortage contingency plan shall be adopted as prepared or as modified after the hearing or hearings.
California Government Code
7291 …every local public agency… serving a substantial number of non-English-Speaking people, shall employ a sufficient number of qualified bilingual persons in public contact positions or as interpreters to assist those in such positions, to ensure provision of information and services in the language of the non-English-speaking person.
Following the public review, the City held an informational public hearing on ______, 2026, to present the 2025 UWMP and receive comments from the community. Subsequently, the City Council adopted the final 2025 UWMP at a meeting on _________. A copy of the adopting resolution is included in Appendix ____.
10.5 PLAN SUBMITTAL
California Water Code
10621 (e) Each urban water supplier shall update and submit its 2025 plan to the department by July 1, 2026… 10635 (c) The urban water supplier shall provide that portion of its urban water management plan prepared pursuant to this article to any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 60 days after the submission of its urban water management plan.
10644 (a)(1) An urban water supplier shall submit to the department, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies a copy of its plan no later than 30 days after adoption.
10.5.1 Submitting a UWMP to DWR
The UWMPA requires water agencies to submit a copy of the adopted 2025 UWMP to the Department of Water Resources within 30 days of adoption and no later than July 1, 2026.
Additionally, agencies must provide a copy of the adopted 2025 UWMP to all relevant stakeholders within 30 days of adoption.
10.5.2 Electronic Data Submittal
California Water Code
10644 (a)(2) The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department … shall be submitted electronically and shall include any standardized forms, tables, or displays specified by the department.
The City of Hanford is required to submit the UWMP, along with associated Submittal Tables and any other relevant information, electronically through the WUEdata portal.
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10.5.3 Submitting a UWMP to the California State Library Within 30 days of adoption, the City of Hanford shall submit a copy of the adopted 2025 UWMP, including the adopted WSCP, to the California State Library, either on a compact disc (CD) or as a hard copy.
10.5.4 Submitting a UWMP to Cities and Counties
Within 30 days of adoption, the City of Hanford shall provide a copy of the adopted 2025 UWMP, to each city or county to which the City delivers water.
10.6 PUBLIC AVAILABILITY
California Water Code
10645 (a) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its plan with the department, the urban water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business hours. 10645 (b) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its water shortage contingency plan with the department, the urban water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.
The UWMPA requires water agencies to submit a copy of the adopted 2025 UWMP to the Department of Water Resources within 30 days of adoption and no later than July 1st, 2026.
Additionally, agencies must provide a copy of the adopted 2025 UWMP to all relevant stakeholders within 30 days of adoption.
10.7 DWR REVIEW
Following the submittal of this adopted 2025 UWMP, DWR reviews the report and the submitted workbook for data completeness. Following the review, DWR will issue a letter to the City of Hanford, summarizing the review results, and advising if the 2025 UWMP is deemed complete or if any items need clarifications.
10.8 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 10-1: Notification to Cities and Counties.
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2025 City of Hanford
APPENDICES
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2025
City of Hanford
APPENDIX A
DWR Checklist
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This appendix shows the checklist of specific UWMP requirements. The California DWR asks the City to complete this checklist as part of their 2025 UWMP. In the table, the City of Hanford has entered information in the far-right column labeled “2025 UWMP Location,” and indicated the section number in their UWMP where a requirement is addressed.
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Table A-1 DWR Checklist
Retail
(x = required)
Wholesale
(x = require
d)
Order 2025 Guidebook
Location
Water Code
Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject
Relevant
Submitta
l Table
2025 UWMP
Location
x x 1 Chapter 1 10615
A plan shall describe and evaluate sources of supply,
reasonable and practical efficient uses, reclamation and demand management activities.
Introduction and
overview n/a Chapter 1
x x 1 Chapter 1 10630.5
Each plan shall include a simple description of the
Supplier’s plan including water availability, future
requirements, a strategy for meeting needs, and other
pertinent information. Additionally, a Supplier may also choose to include a simple description at the beginning of each chapter.
Plan preparation n/a Chapter 1
x x 2.1 Section 2.1 10620(b) Every person that becomes a Supplier shall adopt UWMP within one year after it has become a Supplier. Plan preparation n/a Section 2.1 x n/a 2.5 Section 2.5 10644
Supplier shall report the Public Water Systems number,
volume of delivered water, and number of connections
that are included in this UWMP.
Plan preparation 2-1 Section 2.1 &
Table 2-1
x x 2.5 Section 2.5 10644
Supplier shall report if this UWMP is an individual UWMP and whether the Supplier belongs to a regional UWMP or
regional alliance.
Plan preparation 2-2 Section 2.2 &
Table 2-2
x x 2.5 Section 2.5 10644
Supplier shall report whether the data is in fiscal or
calendar years and the units of measure used for reporting water volumes.
Plan preparation 2-3 Section 2.3 &
Table 2-3
x x 2.4 Section 2.4 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the Supplier has
encouraged active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the
service area prior to and during the preparation of the plan and contingency plan.
Plan preparation n/a
Section 2.4,
Section 8.12,
Section 10.2,
Section 10.3 &
Section 10.4
x x 2.4 Section 2.4.2 10620(d)(3)
Coordinate the preparation of its plan with other
appropriate agencies in the area, including other Suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies,
and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable.
Plan preparation n/a Section 2.4
x n/a 2.4 Section 2.4.1 10631(h)
Retail Suppliers will include documentation that they have provided their Wholesale Supplier(s)—if any—with water
use projections from that source.
Plan preparation 2-4 R Section 2.4 &
Table 2-4
n/a x 2.4 Section 2.4.1 10631(h)
Wholesale Suppliers will provide their Suppliers with
identification and quantification of the existing and
planned sources of water available from the Wholesale
Supplier to the Supplier during various water year types.
Plan preparation 2-4 W n/a
x x 3 Chapter 3.0 10631(a) Describe the Supplier service area. System description n/a Section 3.2
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
x x 3.3 Section 3.3 10631(a) Describe the climate of the Supplier’s service area. System description n/a Section 3.3
x x 3.4 Section 3.4.1 10631(a) Provide the current and projected service area populations for 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045 and optionally 2050.
System
description 3-1 Section 3.4 &
Table 3-1
x x 3.4 Section 3.4.2 10631(a) Describe other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the Supplier’s water management planning.
System
description n/a Section 3.1.3 &
Section 3.4
x x 3.5 Section 3.5 10631(a)
Describe the land uses within the service area… include the current and projected land uses within the existing or
anticipated service area affecting the Supplier’s water management planning. Describe the land uses within the
service area.
System
description and
baselines
n/a Section 3.1.2
x Optional 4.2 Sections 4.2.3
and 4.2.4 10631(d)(1) Quantify past, current, and projected water use, identifying the uses among water use sectors.
System water
use
4-1 and
4-2
Section 4.2,
Table 4-1 &
Table 4-2
x Optional 4.3 Section 4.3.1 10631(d)(3)(A) Report the distribution system water loss for each of the five years preceding the plan update.
System water
use 4-5 Section 4.3.1 &
Table 4-5
x n/a 4.3 Section 4.3.2 10631(d)(3)(C) Retail Suppliers shall provide data to show the distribution loss standards were met.
System water
use 4-6 Section 4.3.2 &
Table 4-6
x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.4 10631.1(a) Include projected water use needed for lower income housing projected in the service area of the Supplier.
System water
use 4-3 Section 4.2.6 &
Table 4-3
x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(A) In projected water use, include estimates of water savings from adopted codes, plans, and other policies or laws.
System water
use 4-3 Section 4.2.4 &
Table 4-3
x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(B) Provide citations of codes, standards, ordinances, or plans used to make water use projections.
System water
use 4-3 Section 4.2.4 &
Table 4-3
x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(B)(ii)
To the extent that a Supplier reports the information
described in subparagraph (A), an urban water Supplier
shall… Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or
transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact.
System water
use 4-3 Section 4.2.4 &
Table 4-3
x x 4.2 Section 4.2.5.6 10635(b) Demands under climate change considerations must be included as part of the drought risk assessment.
System water
use n/a Section 4.2.7
n/a x 5.1 Section 5.1 10608.36
Wholesale Suppliers shall include an assessment of present and proposed future measures, programs, and policies to help their Retail Suppliers achieve targeted water use
reductions.
Baselines and
targets n/a n/a
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
x n/a 5.2 Section 5.2 10608.4
Retail Suppliers shall report on their compliance in meeting their water use targets. Reporting requirements will vary depending on whether the Supplier:
- Was considered an urban retail water supplier in 2020, - Met its 2020 target in 2020, or
- Was part of a merger or consolidation since 2020.
Chapter 5 Subsections 5.2.1, 5.2.2, and 5.2.3 address each of these situations.
Baselines and
targets 5-1 Section 5.2 &
Table 5-1
x x 6.1 Section 6.1 10631(b)(2)
When multiple sources of water supply are identified,
describe the management of each supply in relationship to other identified supplies.
System supplies n/a Section 6.1
x x 6.1 Sections 6.1 and
6.2 10631(b)(1)
Provide a discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal, single dry year, and a drought lasting five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of
drought, including changes in supply due to climate
change.
System supplies n/a Sections 7.2.1
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(C)
Indicate whether groundwater is an existing or planned
source of water available to the Supplier. If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water…
(include) a detailed description and analysis of the
location, amount and sufficiency of groundwater pumped
by the Supplier for the past five years.
Water supplies
and recycled
water
6-1 Section 6.2 &
Table 6-1
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(A)
Indicate whether a groundwater sustainability plan or
groundwater management plan has been adopted by the
Supplier or if there is any other specific authorization for groundwater management. Include a copy of the plan or
authorization.
System supplies n/a Section 6.2.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B) Describe the groundwater basin. System supplies n/a Section 6.2.1.1 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B)
Indicate if the basin has been adjudicated and include a copy of the court order or decree and a description of the amount of water the Supplier has the legal right to pump.
System supplies n/a Section 6.2.1.1
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B)
For unadjudicated basins… (include) information as to
whether DWR has identified the basin as a high- or
medium-priority basin in the most current official
departmental bulletin…
Water supplies
and recycled
water
n/a Section 6.2.1.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B)
For unadjudicated basins… describe efforts by the Supplier to coordinate with sustainability or groundwater agencies to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions.
Water supplies
and recycled
water
n/a Section 6.2
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2. 10631(b)(4)(C)
If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned
source of water… (include) a detailed description and
analysis of the location, amount and sufficiency of
groundwater pumped by the Supplier for the past five
years.
System supplies n/a Section 6.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(D)
Provide a detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be
pumped.
System supplies 6-9 Section 6.9 &
Table 6-9
x x 6.1 Section 6.1 10631(b)
Identify and quantify the existing and planned sources of water available for 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045 and
optionally 2050.
System supplies 6-8 and
6-9
Section 6.9 &
Table 6-8 and
6-9
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.7 10631(c) Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long-term basis. System supplies n/a Section 6.7 x n/a 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(a)
Describe the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the Supplier’s service area with quantified amount of collection and treatment and the disposal methods.
System supplies
(recycled water) 6-2 Section 6.5.2.1
& Table 6-2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(b)
Describe the quantity of treated wastewater that meets
recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is
otherwise available for use in a recycled water project.
System supplies
(recycled water) 6-3 Section 6.5.2.2
& Table 6-3
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(c) Describe the recycled water currently being used in the Supplier's service area.
System supplies
(recycled water) 6-4 Section 6.5.4 &
Table 6-4
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(d)
Describe and quantify the potential uses of recycled water and provide a determination of the technical and economic feasibility of those uses.
System supplies
(recycled water) 6-4 Section 6.5.4 &
Table 6-4
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(e)
Describe the projected use of recycled water within the Supplier's service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and describe the actual use of recycled water in
comparison to uses previously projected.
System supplies
(recycled water)
6-4 and
6-5
Section 6.5.4 &
Table 6-4 and
6-5
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(f)
Describe the actions that may be taken to encourage the use of recycled water and the projected results of these actions in terms of acre-feet of recycled water used per year.
System supplies
(recycled water) 6-6 Section 6.5.4 &
Table 6-6
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(g) Provide a plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the Supplier's service area.
System supplies
(recycled water) n/a Section 6.5.4
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.6 10631(g) Describe desalinated water project opportunities for long- term supply. System supplies 6-7 Section 6.6
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.10 10631(f)
Describe the expected future water supply projects and
programs that may be undertaken by the water Supplier to address water supply reliability in average, single-dry, and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water
years.
System supplies 6-7 Section 6.8 &
Table 6-7
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x x 6.3 Section 6.3 and
Appendix O 10631.2(a) The UWMP must include energy information, as stated in the code, that a Supplier can readily obtain.
System
suppliers,
energy intensity
O-1A, O-
1B, O-1C,
and O-2
Section 6.11 &
O-1B
x 7.1 Section 7.1 10634
Provide information on the quality of existing sources of water available to the Supplier and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and
supply reliability.
Water supply
reliability
assessment
n/a Section 7.1.3
x x 7.2 Section 7.2 10635(a)
Service Reliability Assessment: Assess the water supply reliability during normal, dry, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years by comparing the total water
supply sources available to the Supplier with the total projected water use over the next 20 years.
Water supply
reliability
assessment
7-2, 7-3,
and 7-4
Section 7.2 &
Table 7-2, 7-3,
and 7-4
x x 7.2 Section 7.2.3 10620(f)
Describe water management tools and options to
maximize resources and minimize the need to import
water from other regions.
Water supply
reliability
assessment
n/a Section 7.2.3
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)
Provide a drought risk assessment as part of information considered in developing the demand management
measures and water supply projects.
Water supply
reliability
assessment
n/a Section 7.3
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(1)
Include a description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are
necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a
drought period that lasts five consecutive years.
Water supply
reliability
assessment
n/a Section 7.3.1
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(2) Include a determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions.
Water supply
reliability
assessment
n/a Section 7.3.2
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(3)
Include a comparison of the total water supply sources
available to the Supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.
Water supply
reliability
assessment
7-5 Section 7.3.3 &
Table 7-5
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(4)
Include considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands
under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
Water supply
reliability
assessment
n/a Section 7.1.3 &
Section 7.3
x x 8 Chapter 8 10632(a) Provide a water shortage contingency plan (WSCP) with specified elements below.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Chapter 8
x x 8 Chapter 8 10632(a)(1) Provide an analysis of water supply reliability (from Guidebook Chapter 7) in the WSCP.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.1
x x 8.2 Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(A)
Provide the written decision-making process and other
methods that the Supplier will use each year to determine its water reliability.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.2.1
April 2026 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
x x 8.2 Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(B)
Provide data and methodology to evaluate the Supplier’s water reliability for the current year and one dry year pursuant to factors in the code.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.2.2
x x 8.3 Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(A)
Define six standard water shortage levels of 10%, 20%,
30%, 40%, 50% shortage, and greater than 50% shortage.
These levels shall be based on supply conditions, including percent reductions in supply, changes in groundwater
levels, changes in surface elevation, or other conditions.
The shortage levels shall also apply to a catastrophic
interruption of supply.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.3
x x 8.3 Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(B)
Suppliers with an existing WSCP that uses different water shortage levels must cross reference their categories with the six standard categories.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
8-1
Section 8.3,
Table 8-1B &
Table 8-1
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(A)
Suppliers with WSCPs that align with the defined shortage levels must specify locally appropriate supply
augmentation actions.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
8-2 Section 8.4.1 &
Table 8-2
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(B) Specify locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
8-3 Section 8.4.2 &
Table 8-3
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(C) Specify locally appropriate operational changes.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
8-2 Section 8.4.3 &
Table 8-2
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(D)
Specify additional mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to State-mandated prohibitions are appropriate to local conditions.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
Table 8-3 Section 8.4.4 &
Table 8-3
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(E) Estimate the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
8-2 and
8-3
Section 8.4 &
Table 8-2 and
8-3
x x 8.4 Section 8.4.6 10632.5 The UWMP shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan.
Water shortage
contingency plan n/a Section 8.4.6
x x 8.5 Section 8.5 10632(a)(5)(A)
Suppliers must describe that they will inform customers, the public and others regarding any current or predicted water shortages.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.5
x x 8.5 Section 8.5 10632(a)(5)(B),
10632(a)(5)(C)
Suppliers must describe that they will inform customers, the public and others regarding any shortage response
actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered and other relevant communications.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.5
x n/a 8.6 Section 8.6 10632(a)(6) Retail Supplier must describe how it will ensure compliance with and enforce provisions of the WSCP.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.6
April 2026 City of Hanford
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(A) Describe the legal authority that empowers the Supplier to enforce shortage response actions.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.7
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(B)
Provide a statement that the Supplier will declare a water shortage emergency per Water Code Chapter 3. Water
Shortage Emergencies.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.7.1
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(C)
Provide a statement that the Supplier will coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water for the possible proclamation of a local emergency.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.7.2
x x 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(A)
Describe the potential revenue reductions and expense
increases associated with activated shortage response
actions.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.8
x x 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(B)
Provide a description of mitigation actions needed to
address revenue reductions and expense increases
associated with activated shortage response actions.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.8 &
Table 8-4
x n/a 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(C)
Retail Suppliers must describe the cost of compliance with Water Code Chapter 3.3, Excessive Residential Water Use During Drought.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.8
x n/a 8.9 Section 8.9 10632(a)(9)
Retail Suppliers must describe the monitoring and
reporting requirements and procedures that ensure
appropriate data are collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.9
x x 8.10 Section 8.10 10632(a)(10)
Describe reevaluation and improvement procedures for
monitoring and evaluation the WSCP to ensure risk
tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage
mitigation strategies are implemented.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.10
x n/a 8.11 Section 8.11 10632(b)
Analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.11
x x 8.12 Section 8.12 10632(c)
Make available the WSCP to customers and any city or
county where it provides water within 30 days after
adoption of the plan.
Water shortage
contingency
planning
n/a Section 8.12
x n/a 9.1 Sections 9.1 10631(e)(1)
Retail Suppliers shall provide a description of the nature and extent of each demand management measure
implemented over the past five years. The description will address specific measures listed in code.
Demand
management
measures
n/a Section 9.1
n/a x 9.2 Sections 9.2 10631(e)(2)
Wholesale Suppliers shall describe specific demand
management measures listed in code, their distribution
system asset management program, and Supplier
assistance program.
Demand
management
measures
n/a n/a