Hemet City Council
June 9, 2026

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 81 | Section 22.7 Tribes of Riverside County Riverside County has 12 Indian Tribes within or bordering the County. 2.7.1 Agua Caliente Indian Reservation The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is a federally recognized Indian Tribe located in Palm Springs, Calif., with 32,000 acres of reservation lands that spread across Palm Springs, Cathedral City, Rancho Mirage, and into the Santa Rosa and San Jacintomountains. The Tribe’s developments include two Palm Springs golf courses, the SpaResort Casino in downtown Palm Springs, and the Agua Caliente Casino Resort Spa in Rancho Mirage, which includes the 2,000-seat concert venue, The Show. It also operates the Indian Canyon and Tahquitz Canyon parks, both open to the public. The Tribal Government employs approximately 200 employees, in addition to over 2,000 employees directly associated with its gaming and hospitality operations. The majority of these employees do not live on the Reservation, but commute from outlying communities, such as, Banning, Palm Desert, Desert Hot Springs, and the high desert mountains,increasing the population on the Reservation during the normal business hours. Tribal employees work in Tribal offices or in the field. Normal business hours are between the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. It is common for certainemployees (Rangers, Maintenance Crew) to work in remote areas of the Reservationwhere communications may prove difficult. 2.7.2 Augustine Indian Reservation The Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians (Tribe) is a federally recognized Indian tribelocated in the County of Riverside, California. It was established by Executive Order in 1891. The Augustine Reservation is part of an area occupied for the last 1,000 years by the Cahuilla Indians. The Reservation consists of approximately 602 acres located in the Coachella Valley in southern California, adjacent to the City of Coachella andapproximately thirty miles from the City of Palm Springs. 2.7.3 Cabazon Indian Reservation The members of the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians (Tribe), a federally recognizedNative American Indian tribe, are descendants of the Cahuilla Indians who have occupied the desert region of southern California for 2,500 to 3,000 years. As one of approximately a dozen independent clans of the Cahuilla, the Tribe claims its own name, territory and common ancestry. Although the Tribe numbered 600 in the mid-1800s, the populationhad dwindled to less than 50 by the start of the 1980’s. Since that time, under a reorganized tribal government, the Tribe had increased their economic base by takingadvantage of opportunities in the “Desert Resorts” area of California’s Coachella Valley. The Tribe is a sovereign nation under the laws of the United States of America and is operated under a democratic form of government. As a sovereign nation, the entire County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 82 | Section 2 Cabazon community consists of tribal members. Tribal authority resides in the General Council, which meets every three months to confer and make decisions on tribal issues. All tribal members, age eighteen or older, sit on the General Council, which elects aBusiness Committee every four years. The Business Committee manages the day-to-day operations of the tribe, including making decisions about new business ventures. AsCabazon is a relatively small tribe, this organizational strategy assures that all viewpoints of the tribal community are considered and that the skills and resources of all community members are incorporated into all facets of formulation and implementation of tribal decision making. The Cabazon Band of Mission Indians’ Reservation was established by an act ofCongress in 1876 and occupies three separate areas of land consisting of 1,701 acres in the eastern end of the Coachella Valley. This land is held in trust by the federal government for the benefit of the tribe under the jurisdiction of the tribal government. 2.7.4 Cahuilla Indian Reservation The Cahuilla Reservation is located in Riverside County near the town of Anza. It is18,884 acres in total, but 16,884 acres of the reservation belongs to individual members of the tribe. 2,000 acres belong to the entire tribe in common. It was founded in 1875. The Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians is headquartered in Anza, California. They are governed by a democratically elected tribal council. Their current tribal chairman is Daniel Salgado and the Vice-Chairwoman is Andrea Candelaria. 2.7.5 Colorado River Indian Reservation The Colorado River Indian Tribes include four distinct Tribes - the Mohave, Chemehuevi, Hopi and Navajo. There are currently about 4,277 active Tribal members. The CRIT Reservation was created in 1865 by the Federal Government for “Indians of the Colorado River and its tributaries,” originally for the Mohave and Chemehuevi, who had inhabited the area for centuries. People of the Hopi and Navajo Tribes were relocated to the reservation in later years. The reservation stretches along the Colorado River on both the Arizona and California side. It includes almost 300,000 acres of land, with the river serving as the focal point and lifeblood of the area. The primary community in the CRIT Reservation is Parker, Arizona, which is located on a combination of Tribal land, leased land that is owned by CRIT and land owned by nonNative Americans. There are other, smaller communities on the reservation, includingPoston, located 10 miles south of Parker. 2.7.6 Morongo The Morongo Reservation is located in the northern and western half of Riverside County, California, approximately 90 miles east of Los Angeles. The Reservation, with an area of approximately 54 square miles, covers portions of the southern flank of the San Gorgonio

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 83 | Section 2Mountains, the northern flank of the San Jacinto Mountains, and the valley floor of the San Gorgonio River. It has contiguous boundaries with the City of Banning and theunincorporated community of Cabazon (the only city in California to unincorporated) in the San Gorgonio Pass Area. The Tribe is one of 107 federally recognized Indian tribes in California. The Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan (THMP) addresses all the property, infrastructure, and naturalenvironment of the Reservation and under the authority and control of the Tribe. The plan is purposely exclusive of specific sites in its address to protected historical, religious, and cultural resources outside of the Reservation, as the interest in their protection is greater than the potential benefit of identifying their location in this plan. The Morongo Tribal Council functions as legislative body of the Tribe and additionallymanages tribal economic enterprise functions that are normally outside the scope of other governmental agencies. The Tribe provides full municipal like services to its residentsincluding, security, fire, public work functions, water and wastewater treatment,environmental protection, waste management and recycling, natural and culturalresource preservation, emergency management, and other functions typical of afunctioning community. According to the United States Census Bureau’s “Profile ofGeneral Demographic Characteristics: 2010 the population on the Reservation is 1,353 persons. 2.7.7 Pechanga Indian Reservation The Pechanga Indian Reservation borders the City of Temecula to the northwest, theTown of Rainbow to the southwest, and the Cleveland National Forest to the south and east. The General Council of the Tribe is made up of the adult voting members of the band and elects the Pechanga Tribal Council. The Pechanga Indian Reservationencompasses over 6,700 acres with the most recent lands added in 2008. The current land use is mostly rural residential, with homes generally located along the central portion of the reservation along Pechanga Creek. 2.7.8 Ramona Band of Cahuilla The Ramona Band of Cahuilla is a southern California Indian tribe whose reservation is located approximately thirty miles east of Temecula and four miles north of theunincorporated town of Anza, off Highway 371 in Riverside County. The RamonaReservation was set aside by Executive Order in 1891 and a trust patent for theReservation was issued in 1893. The Ramona Reservation encompasses approximately 560 acres. The Reservation issituated at the southwestern base of Thomas Mountain in the southern San JacintoMountains. Hog Lake Road provides the only access to the Ramona Reservation. There are 3 homes on the Reservation and seven residents. There are also severaladditional buildings, including a maintenance yard, a powerhouse and 5 yurts associated with the Band’s Eco-tourism project. All electricity for the homes/buildings is provided by County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 84 | Section 2 hybrid electrical systems consisting of solar and wind generation with generator backups. None of the homes/buildings on the reservation are connected to the “grid”. In early 2017, approximately 82 acres of land were transferred from fee simple into trust status by the Ramona Band of Cahuilla. Thus, the lands are now tribal lands under the jurisdiction of the Ramona Band of Cahuilla. The lands transferred include approximately 75 acres along Bautista Road just south of the Ramona Reservation and approximately 6.73 acres along SR 371 in Anza. There are three (3) buildings located on the lands in Anza. The buildings included the Ramona Band’s administrative offices and library. Each of the buildings has access to the power grid. Water is provided to the buildings via wells located on the property, and each of the buildings has a septic system. Moreover, a tiger tank of 5000 gallons provides water storage for use, if needed, for fire suppression. The lands located along Bautista Road are all unimproved. One of the parcels lies at the junction of Bautista Road and Hog Lake Road and is the access point to the Ramona Reservation. The other parcels are covered with vegetation. 2.7.9 Santa Rosa Indian Reservation The Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians Reservation is part of an area, which has been occupied by the Cahuilla for the past 1,000 years. The Reservation consists of 11,021 acres in four separate parcels and is located in the Santa Rosa Mountains near thecommunity of Anza in Riverside California. They are descendants from the Mountain Cahuilla Band, which historically occupied the mountains south of San Jacinto Peak. The largest parcel is called the Santa Rosa Parcel and is located 1.25 miles east of the junction of SR –74 and SR – 371. Three separate parcels completely occupy Sections 32, 34, and 36 of T7S, R5E and are one milesoutheast of the main Santa Rosa Parcel. The parcel in Section 34 is called the OldVillage Parcel, where their ancestors first settled and the parcel in section 36 is called the Toro Parcel, which is leased out as a microwave relay communications site. The Santa Rosa Reservation was established on February 2, 1907, under authority of the Act of 1891 as amended. The Act of April 17, 1937, authorized the Secretary of the interior to purchase 640 acres to be held in trust for the Tribe. All reservation land is tribally owned and un-allotted, though some of the land is under assignment and has been passed from generation to generation. Currently there are approximately 70 people living on the reservation. They are a customs and traditions tribe with a total of 118 members. A tribal council governs with members elected to two-year terms. Because of the very limited size of the band, the Tribal Council also acts as the Planning Committee.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 85 | Section 22.7.10 Soboba Band of Mission Indians The Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians ancestral home is the Soboba Reservation located on the San Jacinto River at the base of the western foothills of the San Jacinto Mountains in Riverside County, California. The Tribal trust lands consist of approximately 7,877acres of reservation including a large parcel of adjoining undeveloped property called the “Jones Ranch”. The current population on the Soboba Reservation is approximately1,200. 2.7.11 Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation (partly in Imperial County, California) The Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians (Tribe) is a Sovereign Indian Nation and a federally recognized Indian Tribe located in Southern California. Its Tribal land base was established by Executive Order of the United States Federal government on May 15,1876, as the Torres Martinez Reservation. The Tribal land base consists of 24,822 acres of harsh rugged desert terrain in a checkerboard pattern located in the most rural parts of the Coachella Valley in Southern California.

A portion of the Tribal area is submerged
under the Salton Sea. The Reservation lands straddle Imperial and Riverside Counties and lie about 50 miles north of the US – Mexico International Border. Temperatures reach 120 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer. The majority of those living on the reservation live in the Tribe’s housing developmentproject which was funded by HUD (36 homes) located about 6 miles away from the Tribe’s headquarters (boundaries: Avenue 62 North, Avenue 64 South, Monroe St./Wilma JeanWay West, and Jackson St. East). The Tribal school-age children who live on the reservation for primarily attend publicschools (Grades K-12th) administered by the Coachella Valley School Unified District (CVUSD) or the Desert Sands Unified School District (DSUSD). Several public schools are located within or near the reservation boundaries of the Tribe. 2.7.12 Twenty-Nine Palms Indian Reservation (partly in San Bernardino County) The Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians is a United States federally recognized Tribe located in Southern California. The Tribe’s members are descendants of theChemehuevi, who are indigenous people that migrated from the Colorado River area.Geographically, the Tribe has two Reservation sections located near the City of Twentynine Palms in San Bernardino County and near the City of Coachella in Riverside County.

The San Bernardino County section contains 150 acres of undeveloped land which isadjacent to the Joshua Tree National Park. The Riverside County section contains 242 acres, which has rights-of-way for the Interstate 10 freeway and State Highway 86. On this section, the Tribe has an operating Class 3 Gaming Facility, Tribal AdministrativeOffices, and Tribal Environmental Protection Agency, which accounts for more than 700 employees. Currently, there is no residential development on either Reservation section.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 86 This page intentionally left blank.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 87 | Section 3Section 3.0 - The Planning Process While the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (“DMA 2000”) requires that local communities address only natural hazards, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)recommends that local comprehensive mitigation plans address human created andtechnological hazards as much as possible. The Riverside County Operational Area 2018 Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan addressed an expansive set of hazards that include human created and technological hazards. The 2023 Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan updatereview process started in March 2022. 3.1 Planning Process Overview EMD formed a planning team and continued to utilize the Operational Area PlanningCommittee (OAPC) as the Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP) Steering Committee. The planning team was comprised of various EMD personnel who engaged RiversideCounty department representatives, MJLHMP participants, and key personnel to discuss, and review the MJLHMP for the 2023 update. A LHMP annex template and other various tools were developed and sent to participants to assist them with updating their LHMPs. EMD held multiple meetings, workshops, and conference calls to assist participants with drafting or updating LHMPs. (See Appendix B for Participants).

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 88 | Section 33.2 Hazard Mitigation 2023 Planning EMD staff recognize the importance of involving stakeholders using the following planning methodologies:
 Reviewed the process of assessing risks and identifying hazards with all participants
 Reviewed mitigation actions that are proposed, pending, and completed  Encouraged participation with the planning process by providing updates at advisory meetings, workshops, jurisdictional meetings, and community meetings  Identified and provided information and resources to MJLHMP participants to assist them with the development of their LHMPs
 Posted information on the EMD website for public access and feedback on the MJLHMP
 Email upcoming mitigation training information to Riverside County OA participants Project Pre-Plan Research:
 Reviewed the 2018 MJLHMP and the FEMA Plan Review Tool and feedback  Reviewed the 2013 FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook  Reviewed the 2011 Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide  Reviewed the 2022 Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide  Reviewed the 2018 State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan  Identified gaps with previous plan and discussed findings with management team  Determined resolutions for gaps and discuss what updates are necessary Project Plan Ongoing Maintenance Strategies:
 Continually update the MJLHMP  Engage participants through outreach  Submittal of participant documents needed to keep plan current  Review mitigation projections and actions at OAPC  Perform annual and post disaster declaration reviews

3.3 2023 MJLHMP Update Process / LHMP Tools The MJLHMP Steering Committee determined the best approach for the 2023 MJLHMP update was to use the same tools used for the 2018 MJLMP. The following worksheets, tools, and resources were utilized as a reference for each jurisdiction to evaluate itshazards, capabilities, and to assist in developing goals and strategies:

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 89 | Section 3
 Local Jurisdiction Contact Information worksheet  Hazard Identification Questionnaire  Specific Hazards Summary Worksheet Jurisdiction Vulnerability Worksheet/ Severity Table  Local Jurisdiction Proposed Mitigation Action and Strategy Proposal  Local Development Trends Questionnaire Mitigation Project Tracking and Ranking Spreadsheet  Website links to obtain applicable risk assessment information such as:
 https://www.myplan.caloes.ca.gov https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/practitioners/resilience-analysis-andplanning-tool https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map https://hazards.fema.gov/hll/library  EMD facilitated and hosted plan development workshops  FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide  Assistance with completing LHMPs provided by EMD Staff  Assistance for jurisdictions to obtain/create maps  Mitigation trainings and educational resources  2023 Update Timeline The 2023 MJLHMP has a variety of participants within Riverside County that includescities, educational districts, and special districts. The participant’s list is found in Section 1.4 or Appendix B: Participants. EMD and the MJLHMP Steering Committee intends for the MJLHMP to becomprehensive, easy to understand, and easy to implement. The final 2023 County of Riverside Operational Area MJLHMP consists of a Base Plan with annexes that areLHMPs from participating jurisdictions and districts. Participating jurisdictional and district LHMPs require separate approval from Cal OES and FEMA and adoption from theirrespective governing bodies for mitigation projects to be eligible for receiving funding from Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) and other FEMA grant programs. This Base Plan indicates linkages to other plans (e.g., County General Plan and the State HazardMitigation Plan). (See Annexes). Outreach presentations were given in various community meetings, four (4) MJLHMP / LHMP workshops and various sessions were held with individual jurisdictions (SeeAppendix C).

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 90 | Section 3
The review process of the draft annexes is outlined as follows:
 Participants submitted draft LHMPs via email to EMD for review and comments  EMD Planning team held standing meetings with Cal OES planning review staff to troubleshoot challenges and enhance the update process
 Checklists were utilized to document all components of the plans were complete and accompanied with all attachments referenced in the plan  Acknowledgement and checklists were sent back to the participants noting identified gap findings and comments
 After revisions were completed by participants, the draft was resubmitted to EMD for incorporation into the MJLHMP
 All correspondence, meetings, and conference calls were recorded to track ongoing development of annexes

3.4 Operational Area Planning Process EMD’s MJLHMP planning team began the update planning efforts by notifying jurisdictions of a regional planning process and assisted OAPC in forming an OAMJLHMP Steering Committee to provide feedback into the 2023 plan update. The April 2022 kickoff meeting started the 2023 MJLHMP update process. The OA MJLHMP Steering Committee included representatives from EMD and OAPC. OAPC membership includes representatives from the County departments and political subdivisions within Riverside County. The initial MJLHMP update process was presented to the OAPC attendees and a survey of intent to participate was distributed at the January 13, 2022, meeting. Letters of commitment were requested from jurisdictional and district representatives indicating their intent to participate. The quarterly Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) meetings are intended to provide a forum for discussion of emergency management issues to the following:
 local jurisdictions  non-profit organizations faith-based organizations governmental agencies tribal communities  special districts  educational districts and institutions utility companies  public transportation  healthcare facilities

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023 EMD 5.1.25 91 | Section 3
All participants of OAPC were invited and encouraged to participate in the 2023 MJLHMP update. Outreach to these agencies was done both during meetings as well as through follow up email to ensure the county was inviting all stakeholders to participate in the planning process. For a list of specific individuals who were invited to the OAPC meetings and received information about the planning process, see the OAPC contact list identified in appendix B of this plan.The Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) Mission is:
 To foster communications and to coordinate OA planning activities for emergency and disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery.  To utilize the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS), California Government Code 8550 et. Seq., the National Incident Management System(NIMS), and Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD-5) OAPC has several subcommittees who are responsible for determining the use anddistribution of funds from grants channeled directly through the Operational Area, i.e.,Anti-Terrorism Approval Authority (ATAA), Training and Exercise subcommittee,Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Program Managers subcommittee,Communications subcommittee, Plans Review subcommittee.3.5 EMD Planning TeamThe EMD Planning Team consists of the EMD personnel with the following job classifications:
 Program Director Emergency Services Manager  Emergency Management Program Supervisor Emergency Services Coordinator  Senior Emergency Medical Services Specialist  Administrative Services Analyst II Office Assistant III Senior Geographic Information Systems Specialist Supervisor Research Specialist Business Process Analyst The following figure shows the EMD Planning Team Organizational Chart.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 92 | Section 3 Figure 9: County of Riverside Emergency Management Department Planning Team Organizational Chart

MJLHMP UPDATE STEERING COMMITTEE
Plan Writing/Development
Mary Valterria
Clerical Support
Marlene Lopez
HAZUS/GIS & Other Data
Catherine Farrokhi
Moses Martinez
Alejandro Gonzalez
Jurisdictional Outreach
West County
Michael Ornelas
East County
Eric Cadden
Public Outreach
Shane Reichardt
EMD Program Director
Brian MacGavin
EMD Planning Committee Leads
Jennifer Smith and William Luna

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 93 | Section 33.6 MJLHMP Steering Committee The Steering Committee meetings provide a forum for discussing the progress of the plan update, identify, and refine hazards, goals, strategies, timelines, and potential mitigation projects. In addition, the Committee identifies new resources, opportunities for trainings, and recommendations to refine the plan update process. Information discussed during steering committee meetings include:
 Review information provided and identified necessary corrections for updates  Review definitions for the hazards to ensure accuracy  Updating additional incidents relating to hazards  Provide supporting documentation with credible sources including but not limited to, studies (planning, safety, mitigation, etc.) maps, charts, tables, photos, surveys, cost-benefit analysis, or technical guidance  Hazard prioritization, and tracking and ranking of mitigation actions  Strategies for participating jurisdictions to develop and use their internal planning teams to review and update their LHMPs
 Provide updated maps upon availability
The EMD GIS Specialist provided updated countywide maps that had been included in the 2023 MJLHMP. As part of the planning process, a review of the unincorporated area was conducted to assess existing and new hazards through utilization of MyPlan assessment tool, theResilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) and the National Risk Index (NRI). 3.7 Public Outreach Public notice for the MJLHMP update was posted on the Emergency ManagementDepartment Website (RivCoEMD.org), various social media platforms including Twitterand announced at various community and advisory meetings throughout the County.Feedback on the MJLHMP was open to the public and made available online. Members of the public were requested to provide insight into concerns and mitigation activities regarding the hazards affecting their specific communities. Comments received focused on identifying highest hazards concerns and mitigation activities to be addressed in the MJLHMP. (Please see Appendix C for all outreach and meeting information) County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 94 | Section 3 Emergency Services Coordinators (ESCs) solicited public comment on the MJLHMP and dispersed personal preparedness materials including National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) information throughout the County. The educational outreach was also presented at county facilitated Community Emergency Response Team training (CERT) events as well as at community events. In addition, the county sent post cards with information on National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to county owed fire stations. Every year during National Preparedness Month, ESCs will continue to seek comments throughout theplanning cycle. English and Spanish versions of the survey and handouts were madeavailable. Please see Appendix C for a list of 2022 National Preparedness Monthoutreach dates and locations. Figure 10: EMD LHMP Website LHMP URL: https://rivcoready.org/about-emd/plans/local-hazard-mitigation-plan

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 95 | Section 3Figure 11: Twitter Post Twitter URL: https://twitter.com/RivCoReady?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Eembeddedtimeline%7Ctwterm%5Escreen-name%3ARivCoReady%7Ctwcon%5Es2 County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 96 | Section 3Figure 12: LHMP English Postcard Side 1 Figure 13: LHMP English Postcard Side 2

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 97 | Section 3Figure 14: LHMP Spanish Postcard Side 1 Figure 15: LHMP Spanish Postcard Side 2
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 98 | Section 3Figure 16: Outreach Public Comment Flyer

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 99 | Section 3

3.7.1 Hazard Mitigation Meetings Internal EMD Planning meetings were held to discuss review findings and the process was planned as explained in Section 3.1. The EMD MJLHMP Planning Team metregularly to discuss plan progress, participant status and any other matters as necessary. Organizational efforts were initiated with the County and participating jurisdictions toinform and educate the participants of the purpose and need for updating the MJLHMP. The MJLHMP update process was initially discussed with OAPC during their January 12, 2022, meeting. The MJLHMP kick-off meeting was held on June 15, 2022. In August of 2022, four (4) workshops were then held for OA participants, two focused on theparticipants on the eastern side of the county and two focused on the participants on the western side of the county. MJLHMP participants were informed of training andeducational webinar opportunities via email as they were identified by EMD planning staff. Table 8: Presentations and Meetings The following table documents public outreach efforts and community meetings:

Outreach Presentations and Updates
Date Name of Meeting Type of Presentation 1/13/2022 Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) Meeting
Informed OA on upcoming plan to update
1/27/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Managers Association (RCEMA)
MJLHMP status update
3/24/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update 4/13/2022 OA Steering Committee Review of hazards, goals, objectives and strategies 5/12/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 5/26/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update 6/15/2022 OA Update Kickoff Meeting LHMP discussion, Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update process, encouraged participation and Public Outreach
7/28/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 100 | Section 3 8/3/2022 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Update mitigation strategies and finalize hazard profile definitions
8/17/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements and timelines
8/18/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Management Health Care Coalition (RCEMHCC)
MJLHMP status update and outreach for participation
8/24/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements timeline 10/5/2022 OA MJHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting 11/3/2022 Operational Area Planning
Committee (OAPC) & Disaster Council Meeting
MJLHMP status update
11/10/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 1/4/2023 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting 1/12/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 3/9/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 3/23/2023 OAPC MJLHMP status update 4/3/2023 OA MJHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines MLHMP & LHMP status updates

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 101 | Section 3Table 9: Participant Meetings The following table documents participant & Informational meetings:

Date Meeting Purpose 2/17/2022 Initial EMD MJLHMP leadership team development / discuss MJLHMP update strategies 3/22/2022 EMD MJLHMP team discuss assignments and responsibilities 6/6/2022 Initial weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 6/13/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 6/20/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 6/27/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 7/6/2022 RCIT Mitigation project tracking and ranking 7/11/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 7/18/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 7/25/2022 GIS and HAZUS requirements & needs with EMD staff 7/27/2022 RCIT hazard mitigation project identification 8/1/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/8/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/9/2022 LHMP update guidance Moreno Valley EM 8/15/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/22/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/29/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/30/2022 Planning risk assessments for County Departments 9/5/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/12/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/19/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/22/2022 Cyber Terrorism risk assessment with RCIT 9/22/2022 Risk assessment assignment and information planning X2 9/26/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/28/2022 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance for Beaumont City 10/3/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 10/17/2022 City of Beaumont EMD and Cal OES clarification & assistance 10/20/2022 Risk and capabilities assessment with County Departments 10/20/2022 Follow up risk and capabilities assessment with County Flood Department 10/24/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 10/31/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 102 | Section 3 10/31/2022 MJLHMP next steps planning meeting EMD Planning team 11/08/2022 IID LHMP review, update process and clarification assistance 11/14/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 11/21/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 11/30/2022 GIS capabilities update with Cal OES and EMD 12/5/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 12/12/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 12/13/2022 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Eastvale 1/4/2023 GIS mapping meeting EMD staff 1/5/2023 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Riverside 1/9/2023 Peer review Norco LHMP 1/10/2023 Peer review Calimesa LHMP 1/11/2023 Follow up meeting with County Flood Department 1/16/2023 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 1/18/2023 IID Peer review of LHMP 1/18/2023 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Indian Wells 2/7/2023 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Indio 3/13/2023 Desert Healthcare District & Foundation (DHCD) was unaware of the workshops & meetings. This meeting was with Conrado Barzarga, Chris Christensen, and Kevin Moore to discuss what needs to be done for them to be a participant and submit a LHMP annex 3/21/23 Follow up Zoom meeting with DHCD representatives: Conrado Barzarga, Chris Christensen, and Kevin Moore
See Appendix C for a list of meetings. Many meetings were held virtually and supporting documentation will be provided upon request. Public outreach for the MJLHMP process was conducted through multiple forums including in-person meetings, community event booths and online via survey. The forums and facilitators outlined a brief history of previous hazards, mitigation actions, and the benefits of a multi-jurisdictional hazard mitigation plan in Riverside County to interested parties. As part of the public outreach and planning, participating members of the public wereasked if they were concerned with any hazards or problems occurring in their living or working areas relevant to the identified hazards.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 103 | Section 3The top hazards participants identified as having the highest potential threat to theircommunities was as follows:
 Earthquake  Wildland Fire Pandemic  Floods  Emerging Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Additional actions requested by the public for local government to take to reduce oreliminate the risk of future hazard damages were summarized as follows:
 Monitor community development relevant to hazards  Providing personal preparedness training and education for hazards  Improve community infrastructure to be resilient to disasters  Improve community education on hazards within communities  Ensure climate change is incorporated for applicable hazard profiles The MJLHMP planning team reviewed the public input (comments, suggestions, andgeneral feedback) and adjusted the hazard profiles accordingly. Hazard profiles arelocated in Section 5, and / or mitigation actions tables within this plan. The public input identified actions that need improvement relating to personalpreparedness, and community education as noted above. The MJLHMP planning team identified that this can be improved by expanding our mitigation outreach capabilities as identified in section 7.5.1 of this plan.

A specific improvement within 7.5.1 titled
Improvement to Outreach in disadvantaged communities was developed to improve our mitigation outreach capability by assigning staff to conduct community educationthroughout the lifecycle of this plan. The purpose of the assigned activities will be to educate the public and specifically vulnerable populations on the different communityhazards and educate the public on steps to take to be resilient to community hazards. The public input also identified the need for continued personal preparedness training. The MJLHMP Planning Team leveraged this input and identified CERT Training andretention as a high priority project that must continue to be implemented as a mitigation project. This project is identified within Table 12 of this document, the 2023 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions Table.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 104 | Section 33.8 Existing Plans and Studies Coordination with other community planning efforts is paramount to the success of the MJLHMP. Hazard mitigation planning involves identifying existing policies, tools, andactions that will reduce a community’s risk and vulnerability to hazards. Riverside County uses a variety of comprehensive planning mechanisms, such as general plans andordinances, to guide growth and development. Integrating existing planning efforts,mitigation policies, and action strategies into the MJLHMP establishes a credible andcomprehensive way to tie into and support other community programs. This MJLHMPincorporates information from the following existing plans, ordinances, studies, reports, initiatives, and other relevant data from neighboring communities and other jurisdictions.  General Plan
o Safety Element
 Zoning Ordinances  Subdivision Ordinances Water Conservation  Wildfire Ordinance  California Building Codes  Riverside County Flood Control Master Drainage Plan  Community Wildfire Protection Plan(s)  Riverside County Flood Insurance Studies  Riverside County Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan  State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 105 This page intentionally left blank.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 106 | Section 4Sectio n 4.
0 – Updates an
d Mitigatio
n Actions

4.1 Updates to 2023 MJLHMP PlanDuring the 2023 MJLHMP update, Riverside County OA identified additional revisions to hazard definitions, Flu Pandemic was changed to Pandemic and Aqueduct was changed to Aqueduct Failure. These revisions clarify and/or expand upon the profile of eachupdated hazard definition. In the 2023 MJLHMP pandemic ranked within our top identified hazards with earthquakes, wildland fires, floods, emerging /re-emerging infectiousdiseases.The MJLHMP Steering Committee determined that communications failure should beadded to the hazards in the 2018 MJLHMP because of its potential to affect response capabilities. Communication failures can have a detrimental effect on the operation of the County Emergency Operation Center (EOC) ultimately hindering the OA’s ability to return to normal operations.The maps that are in the 2023 MJLHMP plan are current maps from EMD GIS Specialistand Cal OES’s MyPlan Program.Some revisions to the 2023 plan mitigation actions included:
 Revised Risk Assessment, concerning updated hazard information Changed jurisdictional and Special Districts participants. Incorporation of existing plans, ordinances, and studies.There have been no changes in the priorities such as hazards to be mitigated or type of mitigation actions pursued. For a list of mitigation priorities, see Table 10 of this plan.

The goals, objectives and mitigation strategies reflect our top ten (10) hazards and risks for Riverside County.

1. Earthquake 2. Wildland Fire3. Emerging/Re-emerging
Infectious Diseases

4. Pandemic5. Floods6. Electrical Failure7. Extreme Weather

8. Drought9. Hazardous Material Incident10.Cyber Attack / Cyber Terrorism

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 107 | Section 44.2 Hazard Updates The hazards identified in the 2023 update MJLHMP remain similar to the 2018 MJLHMP. However, OAPC changed flu pandemic to pandemic and aqueduct to aqueduct failure at their January 13, 2022, meeting for the 2023 MJLHMP update. Table 10: Hazard Identification Hazard Reason Hazard Identified
Earthquake  History of events
 Presence of fault lines and geologic activity
Pandemic  Due to viruses constantly mutating and becoming more contiguous Wildland Fire  History of events  Presence of a large amount of timber and brush
Electrical Failure  History of eventsEmerging / Re-emerging Infectious Diseases  History of events
Cyber Attack  History of events and danger to sensitive security information for Health Care Facilities Terrorist Event  Heightened sense of awareness since September 2001  History of event in December 2015
Communications Failure  History of events
 Impact level of events
Flood  History of eventsCivil Disorder  Vulnerability due to number of public venues Drought  History of events  Potential to drastically increase wildfire hazard
Nuclear/Radiological Incident
 Vulnerability due to hazardous material incidents, dirty bombs or improvised explosive devices
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 108 | Section 4 Extreme Weather  History of eventsTransportation Failure  History of events and the presence of many transportation corridors and airport flight paths Dam Failure  Vulnerability of damsAqueduct Failure  Presence of aqueducts serving multiple counties Tornado  History of eventsInsect Infestation  History of eventsJail/Prison Event  Vulnerability from events at correctional facilities Pipeline Disruption  History of events  Multiple pipelines within the OA
Landslide  History of eventsHazMat Incident  History of events  Many transportation corridors and hazardous materials facilities
Water Supply Disruption/Contamination
 History of events Potential disruption to the OA
Non-Profiled Hazards The MJLHMP planning team reviewed data and discussed several other hazards, which were eliminated from further discussion because they occur rarely and/or their impacts pose little to no risk. The list below details these hazards and provides a brief explanation for their omission from further profiling.  Avalanche – Snowfall is an isolated problem to our mountain communities such as Idyllwild, the frequency of this hazard impacting those communities is very limited.  Coastal Erosion/Storm – This hazard is very unlikely to impact the County due to the distance from coast and the ocean.
 Hurricane - This hazard is unlikely to impact the County due to its geographic location.  Tsunami -This hazard is very unlikely to impact the County due its distance from ocean.
 Volcano - This hazard is unlikely to impact the County due to its proximity to active volcanos.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 109 | Section 44.3 Mitigation Actions and Updates

4.3.1 2018 Plan Mitigation Actions (Historical Reference) 2018 mitigation strategies and projects are summarized in the following table: Table 11: 2018 Plan Mitigation Actions 2018 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions Table
Type of
Hazard Mitigation Actions Departments/ Jurisdictions Status Update/Timeframe Potential
Funding
Source
Status of
moving to
2023
MJLHMP
All Hazards
CERT Training and retention
County of
Riverside
Emergency
Management
Department
(EMD)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). There will be one yearly training in each county district to ensure members of the community get the opportunity to refresh and reinforce CERT skills. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State
Homeland
Security
Program
(SHSP)
Yes
All Hazards
Continue to utilize the Safety Element of the Riverside County General Plan and the Riverside County FD Master Plan as base documents to implement goals, objectives and mitigation actions All Riverside
County
Departments
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). The Safety Element in the General Plan is updated as new information and changes arise. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Earthquake
Working with CalOES and FEMA to revise the Southern California Catastrophic Earthquake Response Plan All Cities in
Riverside
County
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Riverside County will continue to collaborate with Cal OES/ FEMA to improve this plan. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 110 | Section 4 Earthquake
Reviewed Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD), Structural Performance Categories and Nonstructural Performance Categories (SPC/NPC) Ratings of Acute Care Hospital Buildings and reported the findings at EM Healthcare Coalition EMD &
Hospitals
within
Riverside
County
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). These reports will continuously be reviewed to ensure updates and consistencies with any changes. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

Hospital
Preparedness
Program
(HPP) Grant
Yes
Earthquake
Worked with local City Emergency Manager (EM) to address ’08 Golden Guardian Riverside County Shake Out Scenario/Assumptions EMD Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). County will continuously work with City EM to update, inform and improve the annual Shake Out Scenario and help the community increase their preparedness skills. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Earthquake
Mitigate potential seismic hazards through adoption and strict enforcement of current building codes County of
Riverside
Transportation
Land
Management
Agency
(TLMA)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). The codes will be revised and updated to be consistent with emergency measures that can help prevent earthquake impacts in county buildings. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Pandemic
Flu
Provide training on immunization techniques
Riverside
University
Health
System-Public
Health
(RUHS-PH)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue training to teach any new techniques, strategies, and to ensure all staff are proficient. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

Public Health Emergency Preparedness Grant (PHEP)
Yes
Pandemic
Flu
Participated and conducted a Non-Medical Intervention
Tabletop Exercise
EMD &

RUHS-PH
Completed on 09/28/2015 Pan Flu
Grant
PHEP Grant
No

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 111 | Section 4 Pandemic
Flu
Participated and conducted a Flu vaccination exercise
EMD &

RUHS-PH
Completed on 11/10/2016 Pan Flu
Grant
PHEP Grant
No
Pandemic
Flu
Generate a draft Crisis Care Plan
EMD &

RUHS-PH
Completed 08/30/2016 Pan Flu
Grant
PHEP Grant
HPP Grant
No
Pandemic
Flu
Training Medical Reserve Corp (MRC) in hospital surge exercises EMD Started in 2011 and is on-going
for the life of the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue training to keep updating and informing volunteers to increase their skills. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

HPP Grant
State
and
SHSP
No
Pandemic
Flu
Training Medical Reserve Corp. (MRC) volunteers in Alternate Care Site EMD Completed in 2014 HPP Grant
SHSP
Pan Flu
Grant
No
Wildland
Fire
Create wildfire protection zones that reduce the risks to citizens and firefighters from fire dangers Riverside
County Fire
Department &

CAL FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously update and develop protection zones that can help decrease wildfire risks in the community. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Strengthen defensible space inspections in fire prone areas Riverside
County Fire
Department &

CAL FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue inspections in locations that are susceptible to fires. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State/County
General
Funds &
Structural
Fire Taxes
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Continue maintenance of existing fire roads throughout the county to provide fire department access Riverside
County Fire
Department &

CAL FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue keeping the roads well paved and easy to have fire trucks be able to drive on. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Combined
into one
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 112 | Section 4
Wildland
Fire
Fuel reduction projects throughout the county to reduce fire potential Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously improve and develop projects to lower the impact of fires in the county. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Develop and enforce construction and design standards that ensure the development incorporates fire prevention features Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously enforce and update measures to prevent fire hazards. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

Developer
Fees
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Conduct and implement long range fire safe planning through code adoption/policies consistent with the Safety Element of the General Plan Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
& TLMA
(Planning
Division)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously implement code policies to integrate them into the Safety Element as they are developed/updated and approved. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
and Fire
Marshal Fees
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Ben Clark Training Center to provide wildland fire protection related classes to fire personnel Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously make sure that this center is available to provide wildland fire protection classes to fire staff to improve their skills on fire mitigation and preparedness. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General
Fund, private
colleges fees,
and State
Mission
Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Continue wildland fire suppression/preparedness to maintain a state of readiness throughout the year Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously provide skills training to the community to be prepared for disasters. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention, identification, and mitigation of Goldspot Oak Bore Beetle (GSOB) trees at various infestation levels on State Responsibility Area (SRA)

CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Monitor infestation levels of GSOB trees to continue removing infested trees if necessary. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 113 | Section 4 lands throughout the county. Herbicide or tree removal if necessary and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention, identification and mitigation of Pine Bark Beetle infestation, epidemic during times of drought. Removal of trees that are symptomatic or the use of pesticide when applicable

CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Monitor infestation levels of Pine Bark Beetle to continue removing infested trees or to continue using pesticides if necessary. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Continue Truck Trail and road maintenance to provide access for fire suppression vehicles and personnel.

CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously preserve and improve Truck Trail and roads, if needed, for rapid available access to fire suppression vehicles. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
combined
into one
Wildland
Fire
Continue Fire Road maintenance of culverts and road prisms in open space areas on SRA land to allow for adequate drainage.

CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously preserve and improve culverts and road prisms, if needed, for sufficient drainage. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
combined
into one for
2023
MJLHMP
Electrical
Failure
Coordinated with Southern California Edison to be included in their power outage notifications EMD Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). EMD joined SoCal
Edison’s recipient list as of Dec. 2016 to continuously be informed of any emergency notifications to help prevent electrical failure impacts. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Drafted a Region VI Highly Contagious Disease Transportation Plan EMD Completed on 12/08/2016. HPP Grant
Ebola Grant
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 114 | Section 4 Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Facilitated a Region VI Highly Contagious Disease Transportation Tabletop Exercise EMD Completed on 09/29/2016
The situation manual for this was completed on 11/14/2016 HPP Grant
Ebola Grant
No
Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Drafted a Riverside County Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Preparedness and Response Plan (VHF Plan) EMD &

RUHS-PH
Completed on 11/2016 HPP Grant
Ebola Grant
No
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Intrusion
Prevention System (IPS)
Protects the county network from Internet-based threats and attacks (~140,000 attacks/day on average)
Riverside
County
Technology Information
(RCIT)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue to update/ maintain IPS network to protect the county from cyber-attacks or threats. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Breach Detection
System
Inspects all internal/lateral county network traffic for indicators of compromise (IOC) enabling ISO to detect, respond to, contain, prevent cyber-attacks, network reconnaissance, malware outbreaks, data exfiltration, and C2 (command & control) and botnet activities RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously inspect the county network to detect forms of threats or attacks. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Albert Sensor
Monitors/reports to the Center for Internet Security (CIS) Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) all Domain Name
System (DNS) and NetFlow traffic for correlation with the Department of Homeland Security’s threat intelligence database for real-time alerting of malicious network connections to blacklisted IP address on the Internet RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously maintain the Albert Sensor in order keep having the association with the Department of Homeland Security’s database on alerting network threats for the county. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 115 | Section 4 Cyber
Attack
Countywide Security
Awareness Training
SANS Securing The human information security and privacy training modules deployed on county learning management system (LMS) Educates our workforce on how to be extra vigilant and things to look out for to avoid falling victim to a targeted attack RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously provide training to the county’s workforce on signs of cyberattacks and prevent them from being a victim of these attacks. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Security
Information Event
Management (SIEM)
Serves as the county’s centralized security event log management repository and correlation engine RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continue to maintain
the SIEM to monitor and prevent security threats. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Internet Proxy
(Web Filter)
Prevents county employees and malware from accessing malicious / compromised command & control (C2) websites and servers, in addition to non-county authorized websites based on category/content filtration policies/rules RCIT May 2017 – December 2018
Product (Blue Coat Proxy Advance Secure Gateway (ASG)) has been procured and is in the process of being deployed.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Governance, Risk, &
Compliance (GRC)
Software Suite
Platform on which our security operations (active network monitoring, breach detection, incident response, business impact analysis, threat containment / eradication, alerting/reporting, process workflow automation, security audits, risk assessments / register, regulatory compliance checks) will be carried out RCIT Implementation estimated to
begin in June 2017 – July 2018.

Product (RSA Archer GRC) has been procured and is in the process of being deployed.

County
General Fund
No
Not longer
viable
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 116 | Section 4 Cyber
Attack
Security Operations Center
(SOC)
Planning phase completed. Construction estimated to begin in September 2017 RCIT September 2017 – September
2018.The County’s Cyber Security Operations Center (SOC) is under construction.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Information Security
Forum (ISF)
Convene on a quarterly basis with department information security officers/liaisons to discuss key security topics, risk trends, and other related matters, including: Formation of a Critical Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT)Conducting security incident/breach simulations and tabletop exercises RCIT October 2018 – ongoing
This forum will be on-going for
the life of the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Will continue to conduct constant security incident/breach simulations and tabletop exercises that can help prevent cyber-attacks in the future. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.The ISO is in the process of identifying members to serve on the Critical Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT). Estimated timeline for formation and initial kickoff meeting is October 2018.

County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
SWAT team trained to respond to terrorism events
Riverside
County
Sheriff
(RSO)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously provide training to reflect personnel attrition and train on new tactics. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Hazard Device Team trained to respond to terrorism events RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously provide training to reflect personnel attrition and train on new tactics and trends. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 117 | Section 4 Terrorist
Event
Sheriff Emergency Response Team trained to respond to terrorism events RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously provide training to reflect personnel attrition and train on new trends. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Sheriff personnel are assigned to the Joint Terrorism Task Force RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously integrate new sheriff personnel to improve this group’s structure and capabilities. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Ben Clark Training Center provides terrorism related classes for Law Enforcement and First Responders.

RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Classes are funded
each year through the State Homeland Security Program (SHSP) to continuously educate and train personnel on new skills and improve their abilities. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Tactical response training RSO &
Riverside
County Fire
Department
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously train and improve on tactical response. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Communicat
ions Failure
County of Riverside
Network (CORNET)
Redundant Internet connections
Backbone links are configured with a mesh topology to provide full redundancy RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously configure links to prevent the termination of internet connections. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 118 | Section 4 Communicat
ions Failure
Enterprise Voice Network
(VoIP)
Centralized SIP trunking for ingress/egress PSTN access via 8 geographically separated locationsCarrier failover protection for inbound voice trafficEnterprise call processing for VoIP Endpoints are logically and physically separated into 3 datacenters ensuring a HighAvailability solutionRemote site routers configured for SRST; in times of WAN outages, local IP Phones will re-register to local equipment, providing inter-site calling and
access to the PSAP via carrier provided analog circuits RCIT Ongoing for the life of the
current plan (yrs. 2018-2023).

Continuously provide accessibility to phone carrier connection and call processing. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Communicat
ions Failure
Enterprise Best Practices
Internal escalation contact list for all essential personal readily available 24x7 On-Call staffing availability for both Voice and Data NetworksVendor support available at 24x7x4 for all critical Network and Voice equipmentRegular professional staff training on emerging technologiesFrequent equipment configuration backups to SAN Critical Enterprise level equipment is located at facilities with full battery and generator backup power RCIT Ongoing for the current plan
(yrs. 2018-2023). Continue to
update contact list when staff support is needed in case of emergencies. Continue to train staff on technologies that arise and equip facilities with power backup supplies. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 119 | Section 4 Communicat
ions Failure
Enterprise Emergency
Notification System
InformaCast Advanced onpremise notification solution for immediate reach to the County’s 20,000+ VoIP endpointsInformaCast Mobile cloudbased notification solution to extend the County’s reach offnetwork to mobile devices such as cellular phones and tablets RCIT On Premise solution has been
rolled out to all County VoIP endpoints. Mobile Solution was rolled out to EMD. Mobile solution is ready to be rolled out to other departments as requested. Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue to have a notification system that connects with off-network devices in case of communication failure, including Wi-Fi. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Department
Funds;
departments who wish to
use this
service will
be billed
back to the
departments
based on how
many users
Yes
Communicat
ions Failure
Network Connectivity
Use of Cellular based redundant WAN links for critical county locations.

Introduction of MPLS technologies to provide alternate network paths for County locations RCIT Several locations have purchased
a Cellular based redundant WAN link. Solution can be purchased by other departments. Installation can take up to 6 weeks to install, based on availability.Ongoing for the current plan (yrs. 2018-2023). Continue to provide alternate network paths for County locations during a communication failure. This action will be reassessed during the update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Department
Funds;
billable by
the cellular
carrier to
requesting
departments
Yes
Flood
University Wash Channel,
Stage 3 Project No. 221-1-8-
00120-03-12
This project will increase public safety/improve local
economics by retrofitting an older, built-out commercial/ industrial area with drainage infrastructure to alleviate flood damage to existing businesses.

Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (RCFCWCD) Notice To Proceed 2/21/17 Completed 11/14/17
Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$3,044,500
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 120 | Section 4
The project will address street and intersection flooding Flood
Monroe MDP – Monroe
Channel Project No. 1-8-
00071 Stage 4
Replacement of City’s existing open channel with underground reinforced concrete box with 10-year storm capacity at request of the City of Riverside. Project limits are from California Avenue upstream to Magnolia Avenue RCFCWCD Expected to be advertise in 4th
Quarter 2016 Notice to Proceed 8/30/17Completed 5/01/18 Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$2,489,067
No
Flood
Jurupa – Pyrite MDP Line
A-2 Project No. 1-8-00234
Stage 1
Master planned lateral stormdrain to Jurupa Channel. Project is east-west drain crossing Agate Street about 1,000 feet south of Jurupa Road. Outlet point at Jurupa Channel is unimproved and likely to remain so.

RCFCWCD 30 percent Plans & R/W
Acquisition as of 1/10/17Projected Start: 9/2018Projected End: during the life of the plan (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$338,332
No
Flood
University MDP Line 3
Project No. 1-8-09020 Stage
1 approximately 2,900 ft of 30” RCP east in Blaine St. then northeast to Blaine St. Retention Basin, located 600 ft. north of Blaine St. between Valencia Hill Dr. and Mt. Vernon Ave. Budgeted for scoping study and evaluation of FEMA map floodplain limits only RCFCWCD Pending approval
Projected Start: 12/2020Projected End: during the timeframe of the MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$2,926,028
No

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 121 | Section 4
Flood
Santa Ana River StabilizationProject No. 1-8-00010 Stg. 90 USACE is expected to initiate restoration of the federally constructed reach of the Santa Ana River Levee system downstream of San Bernardino County line to Tequesquite. Work will likely include repair of groins and toe protection RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end: during the timeframe of the MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$10,685,000
No
Flood
Sycamore Dam – Outlet Structure Modifications
Project No. 1-8-00042
This project will upgrade the level of safety and serviceability. Initial project components include the repair/reinforcement of the existing outlet channel; construction of a new debris rack structure; erosion control on the embankment of the dam; construction of a safer access road into the facility; design for a safer routing of flood waters from the emergency spillway to Central Avenue; and the installation of a control section to measure outflow from the outlet pipe of the dam. Completion of this project is planned to follow the Woodcrest Dam Outlet Modification project.

RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete 5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during the timeframe of the MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$1,854,991
No
Flood
Box Springs Dam – Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1-8-00041
Reconstruct outlet structure to prevent blockage from sediment accumulation RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete 5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start /end: during the MJLHMP timeframe (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$981,842
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 122 | Section 4 Flood
Alessandro Dam Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1-8-00043
Reconstruct outlet structure to prevent blockage from sediment accumulation RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete 5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$907,682
No
Flood
Prenda Dam Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1-8-00044
Reconstruct outlet structure to prevent blockage from sediment accumulation RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete. 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$1,238,312
No
Flood
Woodcrest Dam Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1-8-00045
This project will upgrade the level of safety/serviceability. The approved Project Charter identifies the primary scope of work for the project as follows: design/construction of a new inlet structure to reduce potential for clogging of the outlet works; rehabilitation of existing outlet gate assembly and control stem; implementation of automated gate control system; rehabilitation of the outlet pipe; restoration of outlet channel; and install of surficial erosion controls on the surface of the dam embankment. This project will serve as an example for performing similar upgrades to the remaining Riverside Reservoirs
RCFCWCD Development of design plans
and specifications on hold until latest Geotechnical investigation is completeProjected Start: March 2019Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$2,216,529
No

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 123 | Section 4 Flood
Corona MDP 5 Stage 1 Project No. 2-8-00280 This project includes the construction of an underground storm drain beginning in Sherman Ave. south of Railroad St. and extending down Railroad Street westerly to Smith St. The City is willing to use District funding for the design/construction of this project RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$1,397,201
No
Flood
Corona MDP Line 52 Stage 1 Project No. 2-8-00350 An underground storm drain extending north from Third St. along E. Grand Blvd. then under the 91 Freeway to Temescal Creek Channel City Of Corona
Notice to Proceed 7/29/17 Expected Completion: Summer 2018 Riverside
County Flood Control funds
City of Corona Funds
Cost:
$4,522,000
No
Flood
Coldwater Canyon
Structural Improvements
Project 2-8-00505
Proposed conceptual improvements include 1) reducing flood risk andnuisance to traveling public on Temescal Canyon Rd. at the intersection of Glen Ivy Rd.; and 2) an armored berm along the east bank of Coldwater Wash down stream of the intersection of Temescal Canyon Rd. and Glen Ivy Rd. The armored berm would prevent the migration of the active Coldwater Wash Channel, thereby protecting the west side of the Mountain Cove Development. Conceptual improvements are pending friendly acquisition of the underlying parcels needed for the project RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$6,005,806
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 124 | Section 4 Flood
Coldwater Canyon
Floodplain Acquisition
Project No. 2-8-00505
Funded portion of project includes a hydrologic and
geomorphologic assessment of Coldwater Canyon Wash from Glen Ivy Road to Temescal Wash. Study will evaluate the stability of Coldwater Canyon Wash and recommend potential minimalist interventions to protect Squaw Mountain Bridge and prevent erosion of Painted Hills development canyon slopes along Coldwater Canyon Wash. Balance of funds would support potential interventions recommended by the report including floodplain buyout RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside County Flood Control funds Cost: included in the $6,005,806 amount for Coldwater Canyon Structural Improvement project listed above No
Flood
Southeast Compton Wash
at Corona Sanitary landfill
Project No. 2-8-09054
Riverside County Waste Mgmt District has requested assistance in solving ongoing flooding/erosion issues along southeast side of the landfill Riverside
County
Waste
Managemen
t District**
Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$500,000
No
Flood
Lake Mathews Estates Water Quality Pond Project 2-8-09058 Proposed in the “Drainage Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Matthews Watershed”, this roughly 10-acre project shall be located on the south side of Cajalco Rd. about ¾-mile west of WoodRd. The project will capture first flush runoff from Cajalco Creek and carry it to an off-channel pond to be treated and/or infiltrated RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$2,794,983
No

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 125 | Section 4
Flood

LITTLE LAKE MDP LINE
B, STG 1 STETSON AVE
CHANNEL, STG 7 aka

HEMET MDP LINE D
Project #s 224-4-8-00265-01-12
224-4-8-00211-07-12
RCFCWCD constructed a segment of the District’s Little Lake MOP Line B. The infrastructure will diminish floods and damage to private property /businesses, improve safety of traveling public during storm events. The new drain will reduce flood related repair /maintenance costs for streets in the City of Hemet. Little Lake MDP Line B Stg 1 is located in the City of Hemet and extends into the City of
San Jacinto/unincorporated
Riverside County at approx. 300 feet north of Berkley Ave and terminating at 200 feet south of Florida RCFCWCD Stage 1 Completed 06/21/16
Stage 2 Pending approvalProjected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost: $6,398,777
No
Flood
Temescal Wash Floodplain
Project No. 2-8-00052
Acquisition of floodplain area for flood protection, water conservation and habitat mitigation banking RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$23,534,000
No
Flood
Ortega Channel Retrofit
Project No. 3-8-00070
Project will replace a portion of the clog-prone storm drain with a more accessible/ maintainable open channel
RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$1,628,761
No
Flood
Little Lake MDP Line B
Stage 2
Project No. 4-8-00265
An underground storm drain from just south of Florida Ave., southerly in Meridian Street to Whittier Ave.

RCFCWCD Pending approval
5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$6,804,257
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 126 | Section 4 Flood
San Jacinto River Stage 3
Project No. 4-8-00020
“Stage 3” covers the nearly 10-mile river reach beginning at the entrance to Railroad Canyon and ending upstream at the Ramona Expressway crossing near the Bernasconi Hills. This environmentally and fiscally challenged project has seen several evolutions and has been essentially dormant for a decade. Funding shown is for intensive planning / engineering study of options for managing future development. Goal is to develop a viable project for the San Jacinto River from Ramona Expressway to Railroad Canyon considering flood management, transportation, environmental and other opportunities and constraints RCFCWCD Pending approval
Projected Start: 11/2019Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
ADP (Area
Drainage
Plan) Funds
Cost:
$70,000,000
No
Flood
Beaumont MDP Line 16
Stage 1
Project No. 5-8-00201
Project would build MDP Line 16 in Grand Avenue from Beaumont Cherry Valley Water District (BCVWD) infiltration ponds easterly to Bellflower Avenue as an element of a cooperative project with the BCVWD to provide both flood control and storm water capture to recharge groundwater
RCFCWCD Pending approval
Projected Start: 12/2020Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$5,353,074
No
Flood
Murrieta Creek Channel
(Phase II & III) Project No.
7-8-00021
Murrieta Creek Flood Control Project from Old Town Temecula to Elm Street in Murrieta RCFCWCD /United States Army Corps of Engineers*
Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$82,000,000
No

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 127 | Section 4
Flood
Whitewater River Levee
Restoration Project No. 6-8-
00250
Restoration work to increase freeboard and bring levee adjacent to Cimarron Golf Resort into compliance with FEMA certification guidelines RCFCWCD Pending – Full scope
of restoration work not yet established but funding figure shown is based on preliminary engineer’s estimate5-year CIP (Capital Improvement Plan)Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:1,260,0
00 No
Flood
Palm Canyon Wash –
Cherley Creek Levee
Restoration Stage 90 Project
No. 6-8-00040
Major construction to bring levee serving small tributary upstream of South Palm Canyon Wash into compliance with FEMA certification guidelines. Project will be combination of RSP and soilcement lined channel and levee RCFCWCD Expected Advertise Date: 2nd
Quarter 2018Projected Start: 08/2019Projected start and end during timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-2023) Riverside
County Flood Control funds
Cost:
$6,187,021
No
Flood
Banning MDP Line D-2
Stage 1
Project No. 5-8-00169
This project is over one mile of underground storm drain that connects to the existing Ramsey Street Storm Drain at the intersection of Hargrave Street and Ramsey Street. It includes Line D-2, Stage 1 which will continue northerly along Hargrave Street for approximately 5,250 feet before terminating at Indian School Lane. Line D-2A, Stage 1 will tie into Line D-2 at the intersection of Hargrave Street and Theodore Street. Line D-2A will continue westerly along Theodore Street for approximately 600 feet before terminating at Florida Street.

RCFCWCD /City of Banning
Notice to Proceed: 5/15/17 Completed: 2/27/18
Riverside
County Flood Control funds
No
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 128 | Section 4 Civil
Disorder
Trained and equipped Mobile Field Force Teams throughout the county RSO Ongoing for the current plan
(yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously
provide training to reflect personnel attrition; Less-lethal equipment acquired. This action will be reassessed during the monitoring and update phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
No

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 129 | Section 4

4.3.2 Prioritization Process Once the mitigation actions were identified, the Steering Committee was provided with FEMA’s recommended STAPLEE prioritization criteria for deciding ranking of mitigation actions. STAPLEE stands for the following: • Social: Does the action treat people fairly? (e.g., different groups, different generations) Does it consider social equity, disadvantaged communities, or vulnerable populations? • Technical: Will it work? (Is the action technically feasible? Does it solve the problem?)• Administrative: Is there capacity to implement and manage the project? (adequatestaffing, funding, and other capabilities to implement the project?) • Political: Who are the stakeholders? Did they get to participate? Will there be adequate political and public support for the project? • Legal: Does the jurisdiction have the legal authority to implement the action? Is it legal? Are the reliability implications? • Economic: Is the action cost-beneficial? Is there funding available? Will the action contribute to the local economy? • Environmental: Does the action comply with environmental regulations? Will there be negative environmental consequences from the action? In accordance with the Disaster Mitigation Act requirements, an emphasis was placed on the importance of a benefit-cost analysis in determining action priority. Other criteria used to assist in evaluating the benefit-cost of a mitigation action included: •Does the action address the hazards or areas with the highest risk?•Does the action protect lives?•Does the action protect infrastructure, community assets or critical facilities? •Does the action meet multiple objectives (Multiple Objective Management)?•What will the action cost?•What is the timing of available funding? County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 130 | Section 4
The mitigation categories, multi-hazard actions, and criteria are included in Appendix C. The 2023 MJLHMP Steering Committee reviewed and discussed the STAPLEE criteria to determine which 2023 mitigation actions scored the highest after comparing them to the STAPLEE criteria. Actions identified in the 2018 MJLHMP that were carried over into the updated 2023 MJLHMP were prioritized and ranked with the new mitigation actions. STAPLEE scores 40 and greater were prioritized as high, scores between 30 and 39 were periodized as medium and scores below 30 were prioritized as low based on theestablished goals in Section 8. Table 12: 2023 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions 2023 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions Table
Type of
Hazard
Mitigation Actions Lead Dept/
Jurisdiction
Status / Timeframes From
2018
MJLHMP
Estimate
Cost and
Funding
Priority
Multiple
Continue using Riverside County General Plan, its Safety Element, and the MJLHMP to implement goals, objectives, and mitigation actions County
departments
Ongoing 2023-2028.

The Safety Element in General Plan was updated on 9/28/21. This action will be reassessed during MJLHMP maintenance
Yes Cost is
negligible
County
General
Fund
High
Multiple
CERT Training and retention
Emergency
Management
Department
(EMD)
Ongoing 2023-2028.

CERT volunteers are directed to opportunities such as RACES, General Volunteers, and Medical Reserve Corps Yes $50,000 /yr.

SHSP
High
Earthquake
Conduct annual Great Shakeout earthquake drills and collaborate with city emergency managers to increase community earthquake preparedness EMD Ongoing 2023-2028 Yes Cost is
negligible
BRIC
HMGP
Low
Earthquake
Update the 2010 Southern California Catastrophic Earthquake Response Plan EMD &
Cities within
Riverside
County
2023-2025. Riverside
County will continue to collaborate with Cal OES/ FEMA to update this plan. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the MJLHMP Yes $100,000
BRIC
HMGP
County
General
Fund
High

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 131 | Section 4
Earthquake
Seismic compliance for acute care hospitals
EMD &
Riverside
County
Hospitals
2023-2028. Riverside
County will continue to collaborate with California Department of Health Care Access and Information and hospital representatives to seek hospital compliance with seismic requirements.

Yes 50 million
BRIC

HMGP HPP
High
Wildland
Fire &
Electrical
Failure
Coordinate notifications of power outages with Southern California Edison EMD 2023-2028, This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes $50,000
County General Fund
High
Multiple
Outdoor Alert & Warning Project for the Mt San Jacinto Region EMD 2023-2024. Ongoing
once project is completed. Completion timeframe is based on the availability of funding No 10 million
HMGP Evac Grant
High
Multiple
Outdoor Alert & Warning Project for the Santa Ana River bottom EMD 2023-2028, Project is in
the concept phase. A feasibility study is to be conducted during the MJLHMP 2023-2028 timeframe
No 15 million

BRIC HMGP
Medium
Earthquake
Mitigate potential seismic hazards through adoption and strict enforcement of current building codes for new and existing building TLMA /
Facilities
Management
2023-2028. Ongoing.

Codes will be revised and updated to be consistent with emergency measures that can help prevent earthquake impacts in county buildings. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. County General Fund Yes $50,000
County General Fund BRIC HMGP
Medium
Pandemic
Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Immunization technique trainings
Riverside
University
Health
SystemPublic Health
2023-2028. Trainings
for new techniques, strategies, and ensuring all staff are proficient Yes $50,000

PHEP HPP
High
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 132 | Section 4
Wildland
Fire
Create wildfire protection zones that reduce the risks to citizens and firefighters from fire dangers RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028.

Continuously update and develop wildfire protection zones to decrease wildfire risks in the community. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
State Mission BRIC HMGP
High
Wildland
Fire
Strengthen defensible space inspections in fire prone areas RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028. Continue
inspections in locations susceptible to fires. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. State and County General Funds & Structural Fire Taxes Yes >$100K
State & County General Funds BRIC
HMGP
High
Wildland
Fire
Continue maintenance of existing fire roads throughout the county to provide fire department access RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes
Combined duplicated
projects
>$100K State Mission Funds BRIC
HMGP
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Fuel reduction projects throughout the county to reduce fire potential RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
State Mission Funds BRIC
HMGP
High
Wildland
Fire
Develop and enforce construction and design standards that ensure the development incorporates fire prevention features RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. Developer fees Yes >50K
Developer Fees
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Conduct and implement long range fire safe planning through code adoption/policies consistent with the General Plan Safety Element RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. County General Fund and Fire Marshal Fees Yes >50K
County General Fire Marshal fees Fund BRIC HMGP
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Continue wildland fire suppression/preparedness to maintain a state of RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028.

Continuously provide skills training to the
community to prepare
Yes >$100K
County General
Medium

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 133 | Section 4
readiness throughout the year
for disasters. This action to be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP
Fund BRIC HMGP
Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention, identification, and mitigation of Goldspot Oak Bore Beetle trees (GSOB) at various infestation levels on State Responsibility Area (SRA) lands throughout the county. Herbicide or tree removal if necessary RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028.

Continuously monitor infestation levels of GSOB trees to continue removing infested trees if necessary. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
State Mission Funds BRIC
HMGP
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention, identification and mitigation of Bark Beetle infestation, epidemic during times of drought. Removal of symptomatic trees or the use of pesticides
RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
State Mission Funds BRIC
HMGP
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Intrusion
Prevention System (IPS)
Protects the county
network from Internetbased threats/attacks
(~140,000 day on avg)
RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Breach
Detection System
Inspects all internal/ lateral county network traffic for indicators of compromise (IOCs) enabling the ISO to rapidly detect, respond to, contain, and prevent cyberattacks, malware outbreaks, network reconnaissance, data exfiltration, C2 (command & control) and botnet activities RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
Medium
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 134 | Section 4
Cyber
Attack
Albert Sensor
Monitors and reports to the Center for Internet Security (CIS) Multi-State Information
Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) all
Domain Name System (DNS) and NetFlow traffic for correlation with the Department of Homeland Security’s threat intelligence database for real-time alerting of malicious network connections to blacklisted IP address on the Internet RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Countywide Security
Awareness Training
SANS Securing The human information security and privacy training modules deployed on county learning management system (LMS) Educates our workforce on how to be extra vigilant and things to look out for to avoid falling victim to a targeted attack RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Security
Information Event
Management (SIEM)
Serves as the county’s centralized security event log management repository and correlation engine RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 135 | Section 4
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Internet
Proxy (Web Filter)
Prevents county employees and malware from accessing compromised/malicious websites and C2 (command & control) servers, in addition to non-county authorized websites based on category/content filtration policies/rules RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
Governance, Risk, &
Compliance (GRC)
Software Suite
Platform on which security operations (active network monitoring, breach detection, incident response, business impact analysis, threat containment, eradication, alerting/reporting, process workflow automation, security audits, risk assessments/register, regulatory compliance checks) will be carried out. Abandoned Project in 2018 no longer viable RCIT N/A No longer
viable
N/A
Cyber
Attack
Security Operations
Center (SOC)
Completed and ongoing
RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 136 | Section 4 Cyber
Attack
Information Security
Forum (ISF)
Convene on a quarterly basis with department information security officers/ liaisons to discuss key security topics, risk trends, and other related matters, including formation of a Critical Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT), and conducting security incident/breach simulations and tabletop exercises RCIT 2023-2028. – Ongoing
This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes <25K
County General Fund
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Tabletop Crisis SimulatorWill allow the county to perform tabletop exercises with realistic scenarios that are relevant to our industry and regularly updated. Exercises will allow staff to test incident response plans and record results to track progress over time RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
Breach Attack and SimulationA platform that simulates automated attack scenarios and tests the efficacy of our current Cyber Security Tools and how we respond to events RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
KnowBe4 Phishing SimulationAllows county employees to receive monthly phishing tests as part of our Security Awareness Training RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
Medium

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 137 | Section 4
Com Failure
Enterprise Voice Network (VoIP) Centralized SIP trunksCentralized SIP trunking for ingress/ egress PSTN access via 3 geographically separated locations. Expected completion for circuit migration Feb 2023. Carrier failover protection for inbound voice traffic expected completion end of Q2 2023. Enterprise callprocessing for VoIP. Endpoints are logically and physically separated into 3 datacenters ensuring a High- Availability solution. Remote site routers configured for SRST; in times of WAN outages, local IP Phones will re-register to local equipment, providing inter-site
calling and access to the PSAP via carrier provided analog circuits RCIT Expected completion
end of 2qrt 2023
Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Com Failure
Enterprise Availability Best PracticesInternal escalation contact list for all essential personal readily available 24-7. On-Call staffing availability for both Voice and Data Networks. Vendor support is available 24-7 for all critical RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. County General Fund Yes >$100K
County General Fund
Low
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 138 | Section 4 Network and Voice equipment. Ongoing staff training on emerging technologies. Frequent equipment configuration backups to a storage area network (SAN). Full battery and generator backup power for Critical Enterprise level equipment Com Failure
InformaCast Advanced onpremises notification Enterprise Emergency Notification System solution for immediate reach to the County’s 20,000+ VoIP endpoints. InformaCast Mobile cloud-based notification solution to extend the County’s reach off-network to mobile devices such as cellular phones and tablets. Being used at the department level for in building paging solutions at some locations. This solution has the potential to perform advanced notification to phones, laptops, cellphones but needs further development. No plans to be used as a widespread mitigation action throughout the County RCIT 2023-2024.This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund & Dept funds
Low

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 139 | Section 4 Com Failure
Network Connectivity Use of Cellular based redundant WAN links for critical county locations. Introduction of MPLS technologies starting Q2 2022 that enables higher bandwidth by pushing multiple signals through our fiber optic lines. In additional the technology can create segregated networks between County departments RCIT MPLS technology
estimated completion Q4 2025. Purchased by departments requesting this service. This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund Dept funds
High
Com Failure
County of Riverside Network (CORNET) Redundant Internet connectionsCORNET’s network architecture is built as a Hub and Spoke design. Included in this design are six Hub locations interconnected via a Mesh Design with multiple 10GPS Backbone links. This provides redundancy at all hub sites RCIT 2023-2028. Ongoing.

This action will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. County General Fund Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
SWAT team trained to respond to terrorism events
Riverside
County
Sheriff
(RSO)
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
Hazard Device Team trained to respond to terrorism events. Continuously provide training for personnel attrition and for new tactics and procedures RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 140 | Section 4 Terrorist
Event
Sheriff Emergency Response Team trained to respond to terrorism events. Continuously provide training for personnel attrition and for new tactics and procedures RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
Sheriff personnel assigned to the Joint Terrorism Task Force are integrated to improve structure and capabilities RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
Ben Clark Training Center provides terrorism related classes for law enforcement and first responders.

RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP. County Classes are funded each year through the State Homeland Security Program (SHSP) Yes >$100K
SHSP
High
Terrorist
Event
Tactical response training
RSO &
RCFD
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Civil
Disorder
Train and equip Mobile Field Force Teams throughout the county. Continuously provide training for personnel attrition, new tactics, and procedures and equipment RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes >$100K
County General Fund
High
Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 1: Eastvale, Day Creek, San Sevaine Channel, Glen Avon, Jurupa-Pyrite, Paramount Estates, Rubidoux, Norco, Home Gardens, La Sierra, Monroe, Central Riverside, Box Springs, University, Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (RCFCWCD) 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 141 | Section 4 Sunnymead, Reche Canyon, Moreno, SW Riverside, Monroe System B Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 2: Eastvale, Day Creek, Norco, Home Gardens, SW Riverside, Lake Mathews DWQMP, Monroe System B, Mead Valley, Perris Valley RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 3: West Elsinore, Lakeland Village, Sedco, Wildomar RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 4: Moreno Valley West End, Moreno, Mead Valley, Perris Valley, San Jacinto River Basin, Lakeview-Nuevo, San Jacinto Valley, Little Lake, Romoland, Homeland, Green Acres, West Hemet, Hemet, Winchester, SW Hemet, Salt Creek, Murrieta Creek, AnzaWilson RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 5: Reche Canyon, Moreno, Beaumont, Banning RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 142 | Section 4 Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 6: Garnet Wash, East Wide, Canyon, Long Canyon, & Tributaries, Desert Hot Springs, Palm Springs RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No > 1 million
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of Master Drainage Plans in Zone 7: Wildomar, Murrieta Creek, AnzaWilson RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP Yes Cost:
$82,000,000 RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Surveying efforts of all current and future facilities
RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Installation of cameras and data collection from videos around existing facilities RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Installation of rain gauges and data collection throughout the county RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Regular Maintenance for critical drainage infrastructure RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD funds FMA
High
Flood
Participation in CRS Program. Community outreach efforts RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD fundsBRICHMGPFMA
High
Flood
Installation of Dam Automation and Telemetry
RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
No >100K
RCRCWCD fundsFMA
High

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 143 | Section 4 maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP
Flood
Ongoing studies to outline flood hazard areas outside of master Drainage Plan RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during maintenance of the 2023 MJLHMP No >100K
RCRCWCD fundsFMA
High
Multiple
Operational Area Emergency Management and Emergency Operations Center Training EMD 2025-2028 No $100K
funds EMPG
High
Multiple
Conduct a gap analysis of OA water districts' ability to distribute water during the time of disaster EMD 2025-2028 No $10K
Funds EMPG
High
Note: Please refer to individual annexes for a full listing of jurisdictional Mitigation Actions County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 144 | Section 4 Figure 17: Riverside County FY Capital AssetsCapital asset activity for the year ended June 30, 2021 was as follows (in thousands) Source: (Riverside County Comprehensive Annual Financial Report 2021)

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 145 | Section 44.4 Critical Facilities and Infrastructures Critical facilities are facilities that pose unacceptable risks if severely damaged or become non-operational. In Riverside County, critical facilities include schools, hospitals, firestations, police stations, jails, emergency operation centers, communication centers,dams, and industrial sites that use or store explosives, toxic materials. It is essential that critical facilities have no structural weaknesses that can lead to collapse. Usefulness of critical facilities is limited if they become structurally unsafe or utilities are disrupted. Seismic hazard mitigation for critical structures is complex due to the diverse use of these facilities. Earthquake ground motion could affect a variety of criticalstructures such as the control tower in an airport or buildings with computers andtelephone circuits used for communications networks. Strong ground motion can alsoresult in damage to freeway interchanges and bridges essential for the transportation of goods and services. Buried pipelines are generally not damaged by ground motion but can be severely disrupted in areas of surface rupture, liquefaction, or landslides. Table 13: Critical Facilities FACILITY TYPE UNICORPORATED INCORPORATED CITIES TOTAL FACILITIES REPLACEMENT VALUE Airports 4 12 16 $4,718,671 Correctional Facilities (Jails/Prisons) 4 4 8 $316,591,306
Educational Institutions - - 641 $1,688,809,964 Fire Stations 37 94 135 $539,834,410 Law Enforcement Facilities 10 24 28 $647,199,000
Medical Facilities 1 17 18 $331,174,000
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 146 | Section 4 Animal Shelters** 3 7 10 CHP Stations** 1 7 8 Communication Infrastructure** Facilities: 1Server sites: 8
facilities: 60Server sites: 892
facilities: 61Server sites: 900
Dams/Debris Basins** 12 59 71 Emergency Operations Centers** 2 54 56Department Operations Centers** 0 7 7 Fairgrounds** 1 2 3 Federal Military Installations** 2 0 2 Hazmat Facilities** 1,872 6,117 7,989 National Guard Armories** 0 4 4 Public Utilities/Public Works** 9 56 65 Rail Yards/Train Stations** 1 8 9 Shelters (Mass Care)* ** - - ~ 252 Note: These figures may be an estimate, based upon the information provided. About 90 percent of server sites will be consolidated under one department by June 2018. *The number of shelters is an estimate of what the Red Cross Association has in their database, but any facility that the county considers is necessary to use as potential mass care shelter in case of a disaster can be added to the list, meaning there is no specific number of shelters. **Facilities unable to give replacement values.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 147 | Section 4Table 14: Riverside County Capital Asset

COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE
Capital Asset Statistics by Function
Last Five Years
June 30, 2022
Fiscal year ending June 30
Function/Program 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 County Libraries Branch libraries Book mobiles Books in collection Museum 35 -
1,319,861
1 35
2 1,082,227
1 35
2 1,062,203
1 35
2 829,893
1 36
2 1,337,332
-
Riverside University Health System-Medical Center
Major clinics Routine and specialty clinics Bed licensed 4 44
439
4 44
439
4 44
439
4 44
439
4 44
439
Fire Department
Stations Trucks
37 167
37 167
37 164
37 162
37 158
Parks and Recreation
Regional parks Historic sites Nature centers Archaeological sites Wildlife reserves RV and mobile home parks Managed areas Recreational facilities Community centers 9 4 3 6 9 2 9 1
-
9 4 3 6 9 2 9 1
-
9 4 3 6 9 2 9 1
-
11 5 4 6 9 2 5 1
-
11 5 4 6 9 2 5 1
-
County Sheriff Department
Patrol stations Patrol vehicles
10 961
10 993
10 905
10 977
10 966
Waste Resources
Landfills Capacity in tons
5 45,376,689
6 62,713,411
6 62,713,411
6 62,713,411
6 62,668,370
Source: County of Riverside Annual Comperhensive Financial Report, 2022Retreived from the internet on 2/3/2023 Note: this data reflects the asset statistics for the unincorporated portions of RiversideCounty. Please refer to individual annexes for participating jurisdiction data.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 148 | Section 4 Table 15: Riverside County Communications Infrastructure Facilities Repeater Location Latitude Longitude
Strawberry Peak San Bernardino National Forest 34°13'55.02"N 117°14'4.15"W Carbon Canyon Chino Hills State Park 33°51'45.84"N 117°41'13.46"W Santiago Peak Cleveland National Forest 33°42'37.07"N 117°32'3.17"W El Cariso Cleveland National Forest 33°40'33.28"N 117°30'56.52"W Elsinore Peak Cleveland National Forest 33°36'9.00"N 117°20'36.00"W Pine Cove San Bernardino National Forest 33°44'44.00"N 116°42'58.00"W Red Mountain Moreno valley 33°37'48.09"N 116°50'52.08"W Red Mountain Sage 33°37'48.02"N 116°50'52.66"W Box Springs Box Springs Mountain 33°57'42.06"N 117°16'49.15"W Mt David Beaumont 33°54'50.87"N 117° 0'3.25"W
Mt Edna San Bernardino National Forest 33°52'44.06"N 116°52'53.08"W Whitewater Whitewater 33°55'28.56"N 116°36'53.74"W
Thomas Mountain San Bernardino National Forest 33°37'11.09"N 116°40'49.07"W Santa Rosa Peak San Bernardino National Forest 33°32'42.33"N 116°28'9.77"W Cactus City Cactus City 33°40'40.31"N 115°57'54.19"W
Oasis Bureau of Land Management 33°37'7.58"N 115°56'18.78"W Chuckawalla Chuckawalla 33°36'19.76"N 114°54'8.02"W
Black Rock Black Rock Mountain 33°36'37.09"N 114°45'34.86"W Big Maria Big Maria Mountains 33°52'4.00"N 114°40'9.00"W

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 149 | Section 4Table 16: Riverside County Public Safety Enterprise Communications SystemRadio Locations PSEC - Site Information
# Site Name City ZIP Building ID
1 Alessandro Riverside 92506 RV0908 2 Billy Goat Aguanga 92536 AZ4704 3 Box Canyon Desert Center
92239 DC2918
4 Arlington Riverside 92503 RV1055 5 Avocado Flats Fallbrook 92028 SND6000 6 Banning Banning 92220 BA102 7 Big Maria (No Equip)
Blythe 92225 BL328
8 Quail Mesa Parker ARZ6102 9 Black Eagle Desert
Center
92239 DC2905
10 Black Jack Desert
Center
92239 DC2906
11 Black Rock Blythe 92225 BL307 12 Blue Mountain Colton 92313 New # CTN6500 13 Blythe Blythe 92225 BL327 14 Box Springs Riverside 92557 MV1201 15 Brookside Beaumont 92223 BE1607 16 Cactus City Indio 92203 IN736 17 Cajalco Corona 92881 CR410 18 Chuckwalla Desert Center
92239 DC2917
19 Clinton Keith Murrieta 92562 MU1320 20 Corn Springs Desert Center
92239 DC2907
21 Corona Corona 91720 CR403 22 Corona\Buena
Vista
Corona 92882 CR411
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 150 | Section 4
23 Edom Hill Desert Hot
Springs
92241 NEW# DH1704
OLD-IN065 (DH065)
24 El Cariso Lake
Elsinore
92530 LE513
25 Elsinore Peak Lake
Elsinore
92530 LE515
26 Elsinore Peak Lake
Elsinore
LE516
27 Elsinore Peak
Generator Building
Lake Elsinore
LE517
28 Estelle Mountain Perris 92570 PR818 29 Glen Avon Riverside 92509 New # JV5945 (Old # RV1049)
30 Gold Crown
(Pinto)Eliminated
Eliminated Eliminated Eliminated
31 Green River Corona 92880 CR412 32 Hemet Hemet 92543 HM605 33 Hidden Valley Parker 85371 ARZ6101 34 Homeland Homeland 92548 HL4902 35 Indio Indio 92201 IN706 36 Indio Hill Indio 92201 IN064 NEW# IN737
37 Iron Mountain Earp 92242 DC2909 38 Joshua Tree Joshua Tree 92277 DC2910 39 JTNP - Belle Joshua Tree National Park
92239 DC2904
40 JTNP -
CottonwoodEliminated
Desert Center
92239 DC2908
41 JTNP - Lost Horse
Eliminated
Eliminated Eliminated Eliminated

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 151 | Section 4 42 Lake Hemet Mountain
Center
92561 MC3603
43 Lake Matthews Riverside 92504 RV1048 44 Lake Riverside Aguanga 92536 AZ4703 45 Leona Perris 92570 PR819 46 Line Mecca 92254 ME2008 47 Margarita Temecula 92592 TM1510 48 Marion Ridge Idyllwild 92549 ID2503 49 Marshall Perris 92570 PR820 50 Mead Valley Perris 92570 PR821 51 Mecca Landfill Desert Center
92239 DC2911
52 Menifee Menifee 92584 MN2104 53 Morongo Cabazon 92230 CB3107 54 Mt. David Beaumont 92223 BE1601 55 North Mt. San Jacinto 92583 SJ1404 56 Palen/McCoy Desert Center
92239 DC2920
57 Beacon Hill Norco 92860 NR3703 58 Perris Perris 92570 PR805 59 Pleasants Peak

ELIMINATED
Corona 92879 CR004

ELIMINATED
60 Quail Valley Quail
Valley
92587 QV5102
61 Ranger Peak Idyllwild 92549 BA180 62 Red Mountain Hemet 92544 HM612 63 Redondo Mesa Murrieta 92562 MU1321 64 Rice Desert Center
92239 DC2912
65 Ridge Road Lake
Elsinore
92530 LE512
66 Riverside CAC Riverside 90501 RV0905 67 Road 62 Desert Center
92239 DC2921
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 152 | Section 4 68 Road 177 Desert
Center
92239 DC2913
68 Santa Rosa Peak Mountain
Center
92561 CO201
70 Santiago Peak Corona 92883 CR413 71 Snow Peak Morongo Valley
92339 MGV6201
72 Sunnyslope Riverside 92509 New #JV5939
(Old #RV1050)
73 Temescal Corona 92883 CR414 74 Timoteo Moreno
Valley
92555 MV1228
75 Toro Peak Mountain
Center
92561 MC3604
76 Vaquero Temecula 92590 TM1509 77 Vidal Junction Earp 92242 DC2915 78 Whitewater Banning 92282 BA184 79 Grape Hill Corona N/A N/A 80 Hollingsworth Murrieta N/A N/A

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 153 | Section 44.4.1 Mitigation Goals and Strategies Relating to Critical FacilitiesOn September 28, 2021, the Safety Element including a description of the Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan was adopted into the 2015General Plan. The General Plan identified the following policies relating to critical facilities. S 6.15 * Strengthen the project permit and review process to ensure that proper actions are taken to reduce hazard impacts and encourage structural and nonstructural design and construction. Damage must be minimized for critical facilities, andsusceptibility to structural collapse must be minimized, if not eliminated. (AI 104.2, 152, 155) a) Ensure that special development standards, designs, and construction practices reduce risk to tolerable levels for projects involving critical facilities, large-scale residential development, and major commercial or industrial development through conditional use permits and the subdivision review process. If appropriate, impact fees should be assessed to finance required actions. b) Require mitigation measures to reduce potential damage caused by ground failure for sites determined to have potential for liquefaction to the extent feasible and appropriate. Such measures shall apply to critical facilities, utilities, and large commercial and industrial projects as a condition of project approval. c) Require that planned lifeline utilities, as a condition of project approval and as feasible and appropriate, be designed, located, structurally upgraded, fit withsafety shutoff valves, designed for easy maintenance, and have redundantbackup lines where unstable slopes, earth cracks, active faults, or areas ofliquefaction cannot be avoided. d) Review proposed uses of fault setback areas closely to ensure that county infrastructure (roads, utilities, drains) is not unduly placed at risk by the developer. Insurance, bonding, or compensation plans should be used to compensate the County of Riverside for the potential costs of repair.

S 6.16 * Promote strengthening of planned and existing utilities and lifelines, the retrofit and rehabilitation of existing weak structures, and the relocation of certain critical facilities. (AI 100, 101, 148, 152, 155, 156) S 6.17 * Identify critical facilities in hazard-prone areas and work to relocate or harden these facilities to reduce risk of damage and loss of service. (AI 87, 101) County ofRiverside General Plan S-26 September 28, 2021 County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 154 | Section 4 S 6.18 * Prohibit development of critical facilities that are proposed in dam failureinundation areas unless no feasible alternative exists and apply hazardous materials safety guidelines within such zones. S 6.19 * Coordinate with the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) and/or use the Capital Improvement Program, to strengthen, relocate, or take other appropriate measures tosafeguard high-voltage lines, water, sewer, natural gas and petroleum pipelines, andtrunk electrical and telephone conduits that (AI 4, 152, 155): • Extend through areas of high liquefaction potential. • Cross active faults. • Traverse earth cracks or landslides. S 6.20 * Require additional design considerations as appropriate for lifelines withinsubsidence areas. S 6.21 Communicate climate risks to energy utilities and request they ensure that new and upgraded infrastructure is climate resilient. (AI 152, 155) S 6.22 * During thedevelopment review process, when developing alternatives and adaptation projects for consideration, the County shall require applicants to identify natural infrastructure thatmay be used through the conservation, preservation, or sustainable management of open space to reduce climate change hazards, where feasible. S 6.23 Establish a network of equitably located resilience centers throughoutunincorporated Riverside County and ensure that resilience centers are situated outside of areas at risk from hazard impacts to the extent possible, offer refuge from extreme heat and extreme weather events, and are equipped with renewable energy generation and backup power supplies. Such facilities should be in easily accessible locations and be available to all community members as needed. (AI 151) S 6.24 Collaborate with utility companies to support and enhance grid reliability during regular operations and extreme conditions. (AI 152, 155) Source: (All from Safety Element S6.15-S6.24: Critical Facilities and Lifelines) Note: The Mitigation Goals and Strategies related to each hazard are found in Section 5 of the 2023 LHMP.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 155 | Section 44.4.2 Loss Factors The loss estimates provided in this MJLHMP are based on data currently availableresulting in an approximation of the relative risk from the various hazards and potential losses. There are uncertainties inherent in any loss estimation methodology, in part from incomplete knowledge available concerning the different hazards, as well asapproximations and simplifications used in the analysis. Nevertheless, it can bedetermined by the map below that Riverside County is in a region in California having the highest number of declared disasters since 1950. Map 2: 2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, Primary Sources of Disaster Losses EMD 5.1.25 156 | Section 4Table 4.F from the 2018 SHMP Chapter 4, identifies disaster incidents, casualties, and Cal OES costs by type. Cal OES has revised the database during the preparation of the 2018 SHMP. Table 17: Disaster Incidents, Casualties, and Cost by Type Table 4.F above from the SHMP, which shows the pattern of statewide emergencies,disasters, and associated losses by hazard types since 1950, when coupled with seismic knowledge, suggests the following findings:
 Earthquakes occur less frequently than the other primary hazards causing disasters but account for the greatest combined losses (deaths, injuries, anddamage costs).  Wildfires are the most frequent source of declared disasters and account for the third highest combined losses.
 Floods are the second most frequent disaster source and account for the second highest combined losses.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 157 | Section 4
 Earthquake costs exceeded wildfire costs by more than two times, using limited measures identified in these tables.
 Although floods have resulted in a greater number of total deaths during this period, earthquakes have accounted for the highest number of combined deaths and injuries.  Earthquakes represent by far the greatest long term catastrophic disaster threat.

Earthquakes, fires, and floods are the predominant disasters in California since 1950 as determined by this analysis. For this reason, these hazards are being addressed in the 2023 Mitigation Strategies and are among the top ten hazards for the County. Continued climate change and drought conditions will relate to high incidents of wildfire and flood declarations. The high number of earthquake declarations for Riverside County is contributed to having three (3) major faults traversing Riverside County: The San Andreas Fault, the Elsinore Fault, and the San Jacinto Fault. Earthquake hazard mitigation is particularly relevant to SHMP Goal 1 (Significantly reduce life loss and injuries) and SHMP Goal 2 (Minimize damage to structures and property), set forth in Chapter 2 of the SHMP. Considering both the social and economic disruption caused by moderate-sized earthquakes, together with the significant potential forcatastrophic earthquakes greater in magnitude than those experienced since 1950,heightened attention is needed for mitigation strategies relating to this hazard.Earthquake mitigation actions often involve expensive projects that will be considered as funding becomes available. The 2018 SHMP is the data source contained in Figure 19 “2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, Primary Sources of Disaster Losses” and Table 15 “Disaster Incidents, Casualties, and Cost by Type.” Once the 2023 SHMP is completed and approved,Figures and Tables will be updated to include the most recent maps and new information. 4.4.3 2015 General Plan Policies on High-Risk FacilitiesMany Riverside County essential public facilities and hazardous materials sites arelocated within the 100-year flood zones making them high-risk facilities. These facilities include: 14 of Riverside County’s 39 airports; 4 of 18 hospitals; 47 of 109 law enforcement stations, fire stations and emergency operation centers; 92 of 380 schools; 446 of 1,306 highway bridges; and 695 of 1,978 hazardous materials sites. Riverside County has adopted the following policies related to high-risk facilities tomitigate future damages:

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 158 | Section 4 S 3.12 * Public facilities and other facilities essential for emergencies and large public assembly within the County Regulatory Floodplain as mapped by the FederalEmergency Management Agency shall not be approved unless the project isadequately protected from flood hazards, incorporates all required flood protection specific to that area in accordance with County ordinances and guidelines, asfeasible, and will not result in any increase in flood levels during the occurrence of a flood event. Such facilities that are new shall have at least two routes foremergency egress and ingress, and the project design shall minimize the potential for debris or flooding to block emergency routes, either through the construction of dikes, bridges, or large-diameter storm drains under roads used for primary access. (AI 25) S-15 S 3.13 * Existing essential, dependent-care, and high-risk facilities not in conformance with provisions of the County of Riverside zoning should upgrade or modify building use to a level of safety consistent with the inundation risk. (AI 25, 88, 148) S 3.14 * Development using, storing, or otherwise involved with substantial quantities of on-site hazardous materials should not be permitted within a 100-year floodplain or dam inundation zone, unless all standards for evaluation, anchoring, and floodproofing have been satisfied. Hazardous materials should be stored in watertight containers, not capable of floating, to the extent required by state and federal laws and regulations. Facilities storing substantial quantities of hazardous materials within inundation zones should be adequately flood-proofed and hazardousmaterials containers shall be anchored and secured to prevent flotation andcontamination. (AI 25) S 3.15 * Dependent-care facilities should have all flood-vulnerable electrical circuitry flood-proofed. (AI 25)
S 3.16 * High-risk facilities should be required to maintain and rehearse inundation response plans. (AI 25)
Source: (All from Safety Element S-4: High Risk Facilities) 4.4.4 Critical Infrastructures Maps The following maps show Riverside County’s Critical Infrastructures.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 159 | Section 4Map 3: Riverside County Fire Facilities Map County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 160 | Section 4Map 4: Riverside County Law Enforcement Facilities Map

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 161 | Section 4Map 5: Hospital Locations in Riverside County Map County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 162 | Section 4Map 6: Riverside County Communication Facilities and Ground Shaking Map

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 163 | Section 4Map 7: Riverside County Hazardous Materials Locations Map County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 164 | Section 4Map 8: Riverside County School Inventory Map

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 165 | Section 44.5 Estimated Property Loss Table 18: Riverside County Property Values by City County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 166 | Section 4Table 19: Unincorporated Riverside County Property Values

14.B.

EMD 5.1.25 167
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EMD 5.1.25 168 | Section 5Sectio
n 5.
0 – Risk Assessment

5.1 Overview and Risk Assessment Process The risk assessment process identifies and profiles relevant hazards and assesses the exposure of lives, property, and infrastructure to these hazards. The Risk is measured by hazard, vulnerability, and exposure probability. The Riverside County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan’s risk assessment follows the methodology described in the FEMA publication Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, which breaks the assessment down to a four-step process:
 Identify Hazards Profile Hazard Events Inventory Assets Estimate Losses This risk assessment covers the entire geographical extent of Riverside County, including the incorporated communities and other participating jurisdictions. Since this plan is amulti-jurisdictional plan, participating jurisdictions completed their own hazard analysis and risk assessment and many have ranked their hazards differently than the County to match the needs of their jurisdiction. The MJLHMP Steering Committee has evaluated how these identified hazards and risks vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Theseindividual hazards and assessments are briefly outlined in this chapter with more details found in each jurisdictional annex. If no additional data is provided in an annex, it should be assumed that the risk and potential impacts to the affected jurisdiction are the same as those described in this Riverside County Operational Area MJLHMP.The Riverside County Operational Area MJLHMP update involved a comprehensivereview and update of each section of the risk assessment with new data, where available, and new analyses.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 169 | Section 55.1.1 Results and Methodology The MJLHMP Steering Committee utilized the existing 2023 MJLHMP identified hazards. Using existing hazard data and input gained through planning meetings, the MJLHMPSteering Committee agreed upon a list of natural, human caused and technologicalhazards that could affect Riverside County. Hazard data from the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), FEMA, andmany other sources were examined to assess the significance of these hazards to the planning area. Significance was measured in general terms and focused on key criteria such as frequency and resulting damage, which includes deaths and injuries, as well as property and economic damage. The natural hazards evaluated as part of this planinclude those that have occurred historically or have the potential to cause significanthuman and/or monetary losses in the future. Human caused and technological hazards were evaluated in the same manner. During the assessment of the identified Countyhazards the Steering Committee realized the need to adjust the definitions for Pandemic Flu and Aqueduct to Pandemic and Aqueduct Failure to incorporate the expanded scope and impact of these hazards. The Committee based this decision from the history ofevents and probability of future occurrences. Please see Table 10 Hazard Identification Table for justification of each hazards ranking.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 170 | Section 5

5.2 Consequence Analysis All participants were asked to evaluate the potential for an event to occur in theirjurisdiction by hazard and the potential impact on the following:

1. Public (loss of life and injuries) 2. Responders 3. Continuity of operations for continued delivery of services 4. Property, facilities, and infrastructure 5. Environment 6. Economic condition of the jurisdiction 7. Ability to recover from the event and return to normal daily activities 8. Public confidence in the jurisdiction’s governance The participants were then asked to rate the potential and severity using a scale ofbetween 0 and 4 (4 being the most severe). The jurisdictions were also asked to rank the listed hazards as they relate to their jurisdiction from 1 to 20 (1 being the highest overall threat to their jurisdiction). The following table was given to participants during the 2018 MJLHMP update and again for the 2023 MJLHMP update.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 171 | Section 5
Table 20: 2018 and 2023 MJLHMP Update Participant Ranking Chart Template Note: Please refer to the individual Local Hazard Mitigation Plans for participating jurisdiction Please See Appendix D for the Inventory Worksheet template provided to participants. The County used a similar format for the probability and severity ranking for potential hazards but also included information on healthcare impact and mitigation capabilities. The following chart was used by the MJLHMP Steering Committee for ranking the 2023 Hazards.

HAZARDS LOCAL JURISDICTION

NATURAL DISASTER / CLIMATE

SEVERITY
0 - 4

PROBABILITY
0 - 4

RANKING
1-24

EARTHQUAKE FIRE FLOOD AQUEDUCT FAILURE DROUGHT INSECT INFESTATION LANDSLIDE TORNADO EXTREME WEATHER ANTHOPOGENIC / TECHNOLOGICAL CIVIL DISORDER COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE CYBER ATTACK/ CYBER TERRORISM DAM FAILURE ELECTRICAL FAILURE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT JAIL/PRISON EVENT NUCLEAR INCIDENT PIPELINE DISRUPTION RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENT TERRORIST EVENT TRANSPORTATION FAILURE WATER SUPPLY DISRUPTION / CONTAMINATION MEDICAL

EMERGING / RE-EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES

PANDEMIC
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 172 | Section 5
Table 21: Vulnerability Worksheet

NATURAL DISASTER / CLIMATE

SEVERITY
0 - 4

PROBABILITY
0 - 4

HISTORIC

FREQUENCY

PRIORTY RANKING
1-24
EARTHQUAKE 4 2 Medium High 2 FIRE 4 4 Very High High 1 FLOOD 3 3 High High 5 AQUEDUCT FAILURE 2 3 Low Low 19 DROUGHT 3 3 High Medium 8 EXTREME WEATHER 3 3 High High 7 INSECT INFESTATION 2 3 High Medium 15 LANDSLIDE 3 3 Medium Medium 14 TORNADO 2 1 Low Low 22 ANTHOPOGENIC / CIVIL DISORDER 3 2 Low High 17 COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE 3 2 Medium High 11 CYBER ATTACK/ CYBER TERRORISM 4 1 High High 10 DAM FAILURE 1 3 Low Medium 13 ELECTRICAL FAILURE 4 4 Very High High 6 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT 3 4 Very High Medium 9 JAIL/PRISON EVENT 2 1 Low Low 20 NUCLEAR INCIDENT 4 1 Low Low 23 PIPELINE DISRUPTION 3 2 Low Low 21 RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENT 4 1 Low Low 24 TERRORIST EVENT 3 1 Low High 12 TRANSPORTATION FAILURE 3 2 Low Medium 16 WATER SUPPLY DISRUPTION / 2 3 Medium Medium 18 MEDICAL EMERGING / RE-EMERGING 4 4 High High 3
PANDEMIC 4 2 Low High 4

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 173 | Section 5
Table 22: 2023 MJLHMP Top Five Identified Hazards
Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Risk Assessment Chart
Jurisdiction Priority Risk/ Hazards
Riverside OA
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 Earthquake Wildland Fire Emerging / Reemerging Infectious Diseases
Pandemic Flood
Cities Banning Earthquake Fire Transportation HazMat Flood Beaumont Earthquake Fire Flood HazMat Transportation Blythe Extreme Weather
Wind Power Failure Transportati
on
HazMat
Calimesa Fire Earthquake Flood Extreme
Weather
Drought
Canyon Lake Flood Earthquake Fire Transportat
ion
Nuclear Incident
Cathedral City
Earthquake Flood Wind Landslide Extreme
Weather
Coachella Earthquake Extreme
Weather
HazMat Power
Failure
Wind
Corona Earthquake Fire Power Failure Terrorism Flood Desert Hot Springs Earthquake Flood Fire Extreme
Weather
Wind
Eastvale Earth Flood Fire Pipeline Insect
Infestation
Hemet Earthquake Pan Flu Fire Electrical
Failure
Emerging / Reemerging Diseases
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 174 | Section 5 Indian Wells Earthquake Flood Extreme Weather Power
Failure
Wind
Indio Earthquake Extreme
Weather
Emerging / Reemerging Diseases Pandemic Drought
Jurupa Valley Earthquake Pan Flu Fire Power
Failure
Emergency Disease
La Quinta Earthquake Flood Power Failure Extreme
Weather
Drought
Lake Elsinore Fire Flood Power Failure Extreme
Weather
Drought
Murrieta Earthquake Pan Flu Fire Power
Failure
Emerging / Reemerging Diseases
Norco Flood Fire Earthquake Extreme
Weather
Agricultural Hazard
Palm Desert Earthquake Flood Extreme Weather Power
Failure
Drought
Palm Springs Earthquake Power Failure Transportation Extreme Weather
Wind
Perris Fire Flood Earthquake HazMat Power Failure Rancho Mirage Earthquake Flood Fire Drought Civil Unrest
Riverside Earthquake Flood Drought Terrorism Fire San Jacinto Earthquake Extreme Weather
Flood Landslide Drought
Temecula Transportation Earthquake Flood Terrorism Fire Wildomar Earthquake Fire Drought Flood Extreme Weather
Tribes Morongo Wildfire Severe Wind
Event
Earthquake Electrical
Failure
Transportation
Special Districts Eastern Municipal Water

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
High Valleys Water
Extreme Weather
Drought Fire Wind Power Failure

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 175 | Section 5
Idyllwild Fire Protection
Fire Drought Insect Infestation Earthquake Pandemic
Imperial Irrigation District
Earthquake Extreme
Weather
Terrorism N/A N/A
Kaiser Earthquake Fire Extreme Weather Drought Wind Rancho California Water Earthquake Drought Flood Fire N/A
Santa Ana Watershed
Earthquake Wind N/A N/A N/A
Western Municipal Water
Pipeline Power Extreme Weather Drought Wind
School Districts Beaumont Unified
Earthquake Wind Drought Fire Flood
Desert Sands Unified
Earthquake Flood Extreme Weather HazMat Drought
Hemet Unified
Civil Disorder Extreme
Weather
Wind Flood Fire
Lake Elsinore Unified
Earthquake Pan Flu Extreme Weather Flood Nuclear
Moreno Valley Unified
Earthquake Fire Extreme Weather Power
Failure
Wind
Perris Union High School
Earthquake Fire Wind Pandemic Flood
Riverside Community College
Insect Infestation
Jail/Prison Event
Civil Disorder Nuclear Terrorism
Riverside County Office of Education
Earthquake Wildland Fire Pandemic Flood Severe Wind
Riverside Unified
Earthquake Power Failure Pipeline HazMat Extreme
Weather
San Jacinto Unified
Earthquake Fire Flood Wind Extreme
Weather
Please refer to individual annexes for additional hazard priorities for participating jurisdictions.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 176 | Section 5

5.3 Hazard Profiles and Descriptions
Hazard Assessment and IdentificationThe County utilized the tools described in Section 3.3 for the hazard identification process and provided them to participating cities and special districts. Cal OES MyPlan was used for information about floods, earthquake, fire, and some critical facilities locations. All participating jurisdictions and districts conducted a risk assessment and identifiedhazards specific to their jurisdiction, document the impact of those hazards, and develop specific goals and strategies to address the risks and hazards. The probability of each hazard in Riverside County was determined by rating theiroccurrence level from 0 - 4, in which each level or number represented a specificdescriptor. For example, improbable = (0), remote = (1), occasional = (2), probable = (3), and frequent = (4). Each descriptor was defined according to how often each hazardoccurs in Riverside County.  Improbable means it is not likely to happen in more than ten years  Remote means it happens once in ten years  Occasional means it happens once in five years  Probable means it happens once every two years (biannual)  Frequent means it happens at least once a year (annually) This rating scale was developed by the county and is based off the existing risk assessment process utilized for previous revisions of this plan. It was developed to interpret the standard probability assessment process discussed in section 5-4 of the FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook (Version 2013) and met the needs of the OA jurisdictions participating in the MJLHMP update. Identification of HazardsRiverside County Operational Area is vulnerable to potential negative impacts from abroad range of hazards and threats due to its vast geography, mix of urban and ruralareas, and rapidly growing populations. Below are three broad categories of hazards that threaten the OA:
 Natural hazards  Technological hazards
 Human caused hazards

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 177 | Section 55.3.1 Earthquake Severity: 4 Probability: 2 Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Earthquakes  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the ground caused by a sudden shift on a fault. For hundreds of millions of years, the forces of plate tectonics have shaped theEarth as the huge plates that form the Earth’s surface move slowly over, under, and past each other. Sometimes the movement is gradual. At other times, the plates are locked together, unable to release the accumulating energy. When the accumulated energygrows strong enough, the plates break free causing the ground to shake. Mostearthquakes occur at the boundaries where the plates meet; however, some earthquakes occur in the middle of plates. Where earthquakes have struck before, they can strike again, often without warning. The major form of direct damage from most earthquakes is damage to building construction. Bridges are vulnerable to collapse and dam failure may generate major downstreamflooding. Buildings vary in susceptibility depending on their construction and the types of soils on which they are built. Earthquakes destroy utility infrastructure which, in turn, may set off fires, hinder rescue efforts, and impact normal functions for an extended period. The hazard of earthquakes varies from place to place depending on the regional and local geology. Ground shaking may occur 65 miles or more from the epicenter (the point on the ground surface above the focus). Ground shaking can change the mechanical properties of some fine grained, saturated soils, where upon the soils liquefy and act as a fluid (liquefaction). Most earthquake related injuries result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and fallingobjects resulting from shaking ground and structures.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 178 | Section 5Table 23: Historical Earthquakes in California - 5.0 and above that may haveimpacted Riverside County Year
Richter Scale
Magnitude Location
1812 7.5 Wrightwood/ San Bernardino County 1812 7.2 Santa Barbara Channel/ Santa Barbara County 1857 7.9 Fort Tejon/ Kern County 1868 6.8 Hayward/ Alameda County 1872 7.4 Owens Valley/ Inyo County 1892 7.0 Laguna Salada/ Baja California 1892 6.4 Vacaville-Winters/ Solano County/ Yolo County 1899 5.7 Cajon Pass/ San Bernardino County 1899 6.5 San Jacinto/ Riverside County 1906 7.9 San Francisco/ San Francisco County 1910 6.0 Lake Elsinore/ Riverside County 1915 6.1 Imperial Valley/ El Centro/ Imperial County 1915 6.3 Imperial Valley/ El Centro/ Imperial County 1918 6.8 San Jacinto/ Riverside County 1923 7.1 Humboldt/ Humboldt County 1923 6.3 North San Jacinto/ Riverside County 1925 6.8 Santa Barbara/ Santa Barbara County 1927 7.1 Lompoc/ Santa Barbara County 1932 6.4 Eureka/ Humboldt County 1933 6.4 Long Beach/ Los Angeles County 1940 6.9 Imperial Valley/ Imperial County 1941 5.5 Santa Barbara/ Santa Barbara County 1942 6.6 Fish Creek Mountains/ San Diego County/ Imperial County 1947 6.5 Manix/ San Bernardino County 1948 6.0 Desert Hot Springs/ Riverside County 1952 7.5 Kern County 1954 6.4 Arroyo Salada/ Imperial County 1954 6.5 Eureka/ Humboldt County 1957 5.3 Daly City/ San Mateo County

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 179 | Section 5 1966 6.0 Parkfield/ Monterey County 1966 5.9 Truckee/ Nevada County 1968 6.5 Borrego Mountain/ San Diego County 1971 6.5 San Fernando/ Los Angeles County 1975 5.7 Oroville-Thermalito/ Butte County 1978 5.1 Santa Barbara/ Santa Barbara County 1979 5.7 Coyote Lake/ Santa Clara County 1979 6.4 Imperial Valley/ Imperial County 1980 5.5 Whitewash/ San Diego County 1980 6.0 Mammoth Lakes/ Mono County 1980 7.0 Humboldt/ Humboldt County 1983 6.7 Coalinga/ Fresno County 1984 6.2 Morgan Hill/ Santa Clara County 1986 5.6 North Palm Springs/ Riverside County 1986 5.4 Oceanside/ San Diego County 1986 6.5 Chalfant Valley/ Mono County 1987 5.9 Whittier Narrows/ Los Angeles County 1989 6.9 Loma Prieta/ Santa Clara County 1991 5.8 Sierra Madre/ Los Angeles County 1992 6.1 Joshua Tree/ San Bernardino County 1992 7.2 Cape Mendocino/ Humboldt County 1992 7.3 Landers/ San Bernardino County 1992 6.5 Big Bear/ San Bernardino County 1994 6.7 Northridge/ Los Angeles County 1995 5.4 Ridgecrest/ Kern County 1995 5.8 Ridgecrest/ Kern County 1996 5.3 Coso/ Inyo County 1998 5.4 San Juan Bautista/ San Benito County 1998 5.2 Redding/ Shasta County 1999 7.1 Mojave Desert/ Kern County 2000 5.0 Yountville/ Napa County 2001 5.5 Portola/ Plumas County 2003 6.5 San Simeon/ San Luis Obispo County County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 180 | Section 5 2004 6.0 Parkfield/ Monterey County 2007 5.6 Alum Rock/ Santa Clara County 2008 5.4 Chino Hills/ San Bernardino County 2010 6.5 Eureka/ Humboldt County 2010 7.2 Baja California/ Mexico 2012 5.4 Brawley/ Imperial County 2013 5.7 Canyondam/ Plumas County 2014 6.8 Ferndale/ Humboldt County 2014 5.1 La Habra/ Orange County 2014 6.0 American Canyon (South Napa)/ Napa County 2016 5.2 Borrego Springs/ San Diego County 2019 6.4 Ridgecrest/ Kern County 2019 7.1 Ridgecrest/ Kern County 2020 5.5 Searles Valley/ San Bernardino County 2020 5.8 Lone Pine/ Inyo County 2021 6.0 Antelope Valley/ Los Angeles County 2022 6.4 Ferndale/ Humboldt County Source: https://www.earthquakeauthority.com/California-Earthquake-Risk/CaliforniaEarthquake-History-Timeline#recent-earthquakes-in-californiaProbability of future events: Located within Riverside County are several known active and potentially activeearthquake faults, including the San Andreas Fault, San Jacinto Fault, and Elsinore Fault In the event of an earthquake, the location of the epicenter, as well as the time of day and season of the year, would have a profound effect on the number of deaths and casualties, as well as property damage. Research organization, such as the California Institute of Technology Seismological Laboratory and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), are devoted to the detection and logging of earthquake events in Riverside County. Earthquakes represent the most destructive source of hazards, risk, and vulnerability, both in terms of recent state overall history and the probability of future destruction of greater magnitudes than previouslyrecorded. The San Andreas, San Jacinto, and Elsinore Faults are all capable of producing significant earthquakes, with a magnitude of 6.7 or greater. The table below shows the probability of a major earthquake on these three faults within unincorporated Riverside

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 181 | Section 5
County by 2045, according to the Third California Earthquake Rupture Forecast. Other faults, both in and outside unincorporated Riverside County may also be capable ofgenerating significant earthquakes with damaging effects. Table 24: Chances of Significant Earthquakes on Major Faults in Riverside County Fault Mean Chance by 2045 M6.7 or greater M7.0 or greater M7.5 or greater M8.0 or greater San Andreas 24.21% 21.29% 11.62% 3.15% San Jacinto 6.71% 6.43% 5.29% 2.75% Elsinore 3.66% 1.82% 0.95% <0.01% Source: Third California Earthquake Rupture Forecast Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdfExtent (Magnitude/Severity) Catastrophic – For extent, the severity of an earthquake, or the amount of energyreleased during an earthquake is usually expressed in terms of intensity or magnitude as discussed below. Intensity – Intensity represents the observed effects of ground shaking at any specified location and earthquake shaking decreases with distance from the epicenter of theearthquake. Intensity is an expression of the amount of shaking at any given location on the ground surface based on felt or observed effects, Seismic shaking is typically thegreatest cause of losses to structures during earthquakes. Intensity is measured with the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale. The intensity of ground shaking at any site orstructure is a function of several factors such as:
1) magnitude of earthquake2) distance from the epicenter 3) duration of strong ground motion 4) local geologic conditions 5) fundamental period of structure A brief description of those factors and the MMI scale are summarized below along with the effects associated with the MMI scale. Damage typically occurs in MMI of scale VII or above.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 182 | Section 5
Table 25: Earthquake Magnitude, Intensity Measurements, and Intensity Characteristics Magnitude Mercalli
Intensity
Effects Frequency
Less than 2.0
I Microearthquakes, not felt or rarely felt; recorded by seismographs.

Continual

2.0-2.9 I to II Felt slightly by some people, damages to buildings. Over 1M per year 3.0-3.9 II to IV Often felt by people; rarely causes damage; shaking of indoor objects noticeable.

Over 100,000 per year

4.0-4.9 IV to VI Noticeable shaking of indoor objects and rattling noises; felt by most people in the affected area; slightly felt outside; generally, no to minimal damage. 10K to 15K per year

5.0-5.9 VI to VIII Can cause damage of varying severity to poorly constructed buildings; at most, none to slight damage to all other buildings. Felt by everyone. 1K to 1,500 per year

6.0-6.9 VII to X Damage to a moderate number of well-built structures in populated areas; earthquake-resistant structures survive with slight to moderate damage; poorly designed structures receive moderate to severe damage; felt in wider areas; up to hundreds of miles/kilometers from the epicenter; strong to violent shaking in epicentral area. 100 to 150 per year

7.0-7.9 VIII< Causes damage to most buildings, some to partially or completely collapse or receive severe damage; welldesigned structures are likely to receive damage; felt across great distances with major damage mostly limited to 250 km from epicenter. 10 to 20 per year

8.0-8.9 VIII< Major damage to buildings, structures likely to be destroyed; will cause moderate to heavy damage to sturdy or earthquake-resistant buildings; damaging in large areas; felt in extremely large regions.

One per year 10 – 50 years
Source: USGS Magnitude – Magnitude represents the amount of seismic energy released at thehypocenter of an earthquake. It is based on the amplitude of the earthquake wavesrecorded. Seismologists have developed several magnitude scales; one of the first was the Richter Scale, developed in 1932 by the late Dr. Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology. The Richter Scale is numeric and has a logarithmic relationship between scale factors, so that a difference of one scale number represents a tenfoldincrease in measured amplitude, which in turn corresponds to an approximate 31x energy release difference when compared to the next whole number value. The MomentMagnitude scale (Mw, or M), which is a measurement of energy released by themovement of a fault and is the modern method used by seismologists to measureearthquakes. Overall, as the amount of energy released by an earthquake increases, the potential for ground shaking impacts also increases. Distance from Epicenter – Earthquake energy generally dissipates (or attenuates) with distance from a fault. Over long distances, this loss of energy can be significant, resulting in a significant decrease in ground shaking with increased distance from the epicenter.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 183 | Section 5Duration of Strong Shaking – The duration of the strong ground shaking constitutes a major role in determining the amount of structural damage and the potential for ground failure that can result from an earthquake. Larger magnitude earthquakes have longer durations than smaller earthquakes. Local Geologic Conditions – The geologic and soil conditions at a particular site have the potential to substantially increase the effects of ground shaking. The thickness,density, and consistency of the soil, as well as shallow ground water levels, have thepotential to amplify the effects of ground shaking depending on the characteristics of the earthquake. In general, the presence of unconsolidated soils above the bedrock surface can amplify the ground shaking caused by an earthquake. Fundamental Periods – Every structure has its own fundamental period or naturalvibration. If the vibration of ground shaking coincides with the natural vibration period of a structure, damage to the structure can be greatly increased. The extent of damagesuffered during an earthquake can also depend on non-geologic factors. The type ofbuilding and its structural integrity will influence the severity of the damage suffered.Generally, small, well-constructed, one- and two-story wood and steel frame buildingshave performed well in earthquakes because of their light weight and flexibility. Reinforced concrete structures will also usually perform well. Buildings constructed from non-flexible materials, such as unreinforced brick and concrete, hollow concrete block, clay tile, or adobe, are more vulnerable to earthquake damage. Effects of Ground Shaking – The primary effect of ground shaking is the damage or destruction of buildings, infrastructure, and possible injury or loss of life. Building damage can range from minor cracking of plaster to total collapse. Disruption of infrastructurefacilities can include damage to utilities, pipelines, roads, and bridges. Ruptured gas and water lines can result in fire and produce scour/inundation damage, respectively, tostructures, as can fire from other causes, such as electrical damages. Secondary effects can include geologic impacts such as co-seismic fault movement along nearby faults,seismically induced slope instability, liquefaction, lateral spreading, and other forms ofground failure and seismic response. As identified previously the determinants of that damage will occur following anearthquake depend on multiple variables, such as: the infrastructure’s distance from the epicenter, type of soil, building construction, etc. Research indicates that damage usually does not occur unless an earthquake magnitude is somewhere above 4 or 5. Earthquake magnitude is the size measured in amplitude on a seismograph. The intensity is ameasure of the shaking and damaged which varies based on distance from the epicenter, type of surface material, and other factors.

A magnitude above 5.3 is considered a
moderate earthquake, and a magnitude above 6.3 is considered a strong earthquake. A moderate earthquake occurring in or near Riverside County could result in deaths,casualties, property damage, environmental damage, and disruption of normal County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 184 | Section 5 government and community services. The effects could be aggravated by collateralemergencies such as fires, flooding, hazardous material spills, utility disruptions,landslides, transportation emergencies, and the possible failure of dams in RiversideCounty. The community needs would most likely exceed the response capability of the County’s first responder and emergency management organizations, requiring mutualassistance from volunteer and private agencies, the California Office of EmergencyServices (Cal OES), and the Federal Emergency Support Functions. A strong earthquake can be catastrophic for Riverside County and could cause thousands of casualties, property damage, disruption in communications and utility systems,disruption in supply and distribution systems, and general panic. An earthquake of this magnitude could directly affect all Riverside County and most of Southern California,causing a critical demand on mutual aid resources and competition for relief support. Source:https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-magnitude-does-damage-begin-occurearthquake#:~:text=There%20is%20not%20one%20magnitude,somewhere%20above%204%20or%205) Key effects and response considerations:  Effects on people and housing. In the event of an earthquake, the primary consideration is saving lives. Time and effort must also provide for mental health,reuniting families, shelters, and restoring basic needs and basic services. Major efforts will be required to remove debris and clear roadways, demolish unsafe structures,assist in re-establishing public services and utilities, provide continuing care andtemporary housing for affected citizens. Local government emergency plans indicate that although there is a general capacity to respond to injuries and damage caused by minor to moderate earthquakes, it isunlikely that local agencies will be able to cope with the immediate impact of a strong earthquake. The public must realize the assistance they have been accustomed to expecting will not be immediately available. The damage caused by earthquakes can affect all aspects of a community, fromgovernment services to private enterprise to civic activities. These events: Severely restrict or overwhelm our response resources, communications, transportation, and utilities; and Leave many individuals and neighborhoods cut off from outside support. Damaged roads and disrupted communications systems may restrict the access of emergency response agencies into critically affected areas. Thus, for the initial period

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County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 185 | Section 5 immediately following a disaster—often up to three days or longer —individuals,
households, and neighborhoods may need to rely on their own resources for food, water, shelter, and first aid. Individual preparedness, planning, survival skills, and mutual aid within neighborhoods and worksites during this initial period are essential measures in managing in the aftermath of a disaster. Actions taken in advance will impact the quality of survival and ability to help others safely and effectively. Learning about community hazards, community plans, understanding hazard-specific protective actions, assembling important emergency supplies, and mitigating potential hazards in the home are all essential emergency preparedness activities that citizens can take. In the event of a major earthquake citizens must be prepared to wait for up to 72 hours or more for any type of organized response.

Source: https://www.ready.gov/sites/default/files/2019.CERT_.Basic_.PM_FINAL_508c.pdf Impacts on population: Table 24 provides a summary of HAZUS Estimated Impacts on Riverside County. That summary identifies over 19,000 households that could bedisplaces and over 25,000 homes that could be in a complete damage state. This would require large scale mass care and sheltering services. Loss of utility service would have major impacts on the people in the County. Table 24 noted that 99% of all households could be without water. Social Vulnerability: Populations most vulnerable to earthquake hazards would be those that rely on specific services or electrical power, which may not be available during or after an earthquake, or those which are homeless, would have a difficult time evacuating due to age or disability, cannot communicate easily due to speaking English less than well, for example.Effects on commercial and industrial structures. After any earthquake, individuals are likely to lose wages due to the inability of businesses to function because of damaged goods, facilities and/or infrastructure. With business losses, the County of Riverside and the cities in the Riverside County Operational Area will lose revenue. Economic recovery from damaging earthquakes will be critical to the communities involved. If essentialservices are not restored, many businesses could close. About 25 percent of businesses do not reopen after disasters. Having an emergency disaster plan and a continuity ofoperations plan in place can reduce that risk and help the business recover faster.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 186 | Section 5 Source:https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210318/stay-business-after-disasterplanning-ahead  Effects on infrastructure.The damage caused by an earthquake can lead to affecting the availability of law enforcement, fire service, and other essentialgovernmental services. Additionally, impacts to water, gas, communication, andelectrical services could be interrupted for residents in the OA leaving essentialservices to be unavailable until alternative options can be provided. Much of the roadways and freeways experience damage, leading to traffic gridlock.  Effects on Critical Facilities. Many critical facilities have been identified as being adjacent to the various faults in the County which includes hospitals, fire stations, law enforcement facilities, and schools. Depending on the location of the earthquake epicenter, facilities that are not seismically retrofitted or built tosufficient earthquake resilience standards could potentially be damaged beyond reasonable repair forcing services to be relocated or have services suspended.  Effects on agriculture. Earthquakes can cause loss of human life, loss of animal life, and property damage to structures and land dedicated to agricultural uses.The most significant long-term impacts on agriculture from earthquakes are those that arise from the cascading effects of fire and flood.

Note: Please refer to Section 4.4 Critical Facilities for additional maps. Historically, the San Andreas Fault is the most active among the fault network that cuts through rocks of the California coastal region. The entire San Andreas Fault system is more than 800 miles long and extends to depths of at least 10 miles below the earth’s crust. The San Andreas Fault in California forms a continuous, narrow break in the earth’s crust that extends from northern California southward to the Cajon Pass near SanBernardino City. Several branching faults, including the San Jacinto and Banning faults, share the movement of the crustal plates as the fault continues southeast to the Salton Sea and to Baja California Sea of Cortez. Studies of the San Andreas near San Gorgonio Pass reveal that this area is moreadvanced in the cycle of strain accumulation than the western area at the Cajon Pass. Earthquake activity around the Southern San Andreas, including the June 1992 LandersBig Bear earthquakes, had previously prompted scientists to increase their studies of this area.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 187 | Section 5The San Jacinto fault has had a higher level of moderate to strong earthquakes during the past 50 to 100 years, although the slip rate is not as high. Geodetic data indicates an appreciable strain accumulation across both faults, implying that either one may beprimed for release. The Casa Loma Fault is one of the larger and more active faultsegments of the San Jacinto fault. It extends from near the Perris Reservoir to just north of the community of Anza. Clark Fault is another large and active segment which extends near Hemet to just nine (9) miles southwest of the shore of the Salton Sea. This section of the San Jacinto Fault produced a series of large earthquakes starting in 1899 onaverage every 14 years, with the longest interval being 19 years. In 2015, the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) estimated 30-year probabilities of 19 percent for an M 6.7 and larger event on the Southern San Jacinto Fault. Map 9: Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3) Source: http://wgcep.org/UCERF3Date retrieved from the internet: October 2022 County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 188 | Section 5A third major fault zone that traverses Riverside County is the Elsinore Fault. The Elsinore Fault Zone is one of the largest in southern California. The main trace of the Elsinore fault zone has only seen one historical event greater than magnitude 5.2 – the earthquake of 1910 which had a magnitude 6.0 and erupted near Temescal Valley. Risk Assessment Conclusion Riverside County is at risk for significant earthquakes causing catastrophic damage and strains on response and mitigation resources. Both property and human life are at high risk. The County experiences hundreds of minor quakes each month from the faults in the area. Studies indicate that stress is building up in major faults like the San Andreas. A major quake could happen at any time. Earthquake risk is very high in Riverside County's most heavily populated western region and in the Coachella Valley, due to the presence of two of California's most active faults: the San Andreas Fault and San Jacinto Fault. The risk is also high in Riverside County’s less populated region east of the Coachella Valley. All scenarios reviewed of a strong earthquake rated at a 7.0 or higher within the OA could have devastating effects overall, leaving emergency response capabilities overwhelmed with service requests, downtime of essential community services for extended periods, deaths, injuries, and mass displacement of community members. The maps below provide additional context to the potential hazard earthquakes can be to the OA. The maps have been developed using the following sources of information:
 Cal OES MyPlan website
 USGS Quaternary Faults website 2021 Riverside County General Plan - Safety Element

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County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 189 | Section 5Map 10: Riverside County Faults and Zones According to County General Plan – Safety Element Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdfRetrieved from the internet on: December 2022 County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 190 | Section 5Map 11: Riverside County Faults and Zones Source: https://usgs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=5a6038b3a1684561a9b0aadf88412fcfRetrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022

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County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 191 | Section 5Map 12: Fault Activity County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 192 | Section 5Map 13: Ground Shaking Potential The map provided above shows ground shaking potential from earthquakes within Riverside County and depicts expected intermediate periods (1s or 1hz) ground motions with 2% exceedance probability in 50 years. The colors change according to the maximum (peak) intensity of shaking (amplitude of the ground motion). As the shaking at a location progresses from no shaking (green), moderate (yellow), and strong shaking (pink), peaking at a violent shaking level (purple).Source: https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/ Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022 Source: https://myplan.caloes.ca.gov/ Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 193 | Section 5
Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading EffectsEarthquakes can cause many cascading effects such as fires, flooding, hazardousmaterial spills, utility disruptions, landslides, transportation emergencies, electrical failure, and failure of dams in Riverside County. HAZUS AssessmentThe HAZUS Loss Library and previously generated scenarios were used to compilegeneral building stock and loss estimates with available earthquake hazard scenarios.Several scenarios around a large earthquake occurring in the OA were used in theassessment. The scenario chosen for analysis were a M7.1 San Andreas Fault Scenario Earthquake centered in the Coachella Valley, and two M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenarios on the Southern San Andreas Fault centered in western Riverside County. One M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenario San Andreas report was generated in 2008 and another was generated in 2021. The MJLHMP planning team did not have the capability to produce its own customHAZUS reports for the 2023 plan update. The team leveraged the most recent andavailable prebuilt scenarios in the FEMA HAZUS Loss Library in conjunction with the M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenario from 2008 to understand impacts. While the 2021 generated data utilized a baseline inventory, it did not provide additional information for essential facilities, transportation, and utility systems. The planning team decided upon review of the 2008 “Shakeout” scenario that the previous data relating the scenario that wasn’t addressed in the new modeling should be kept in the assessment. These dated scenario details provide an understanding of potential impacts with an assumption that the impacts stated in the 2008 “Shakeout” Scenario will be exacerbated if they were modeled for today’scommunity profile. Risk assessment results leveraged from the HAZUS -MH analysis included:  General Buildings o Ground Motion o Damage State Probabilitieso Damage o Direct Economic Loss  Essential Facilities
o Medical Careo Police Stationso Fire Stationso Emergency Response o Schools County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 194 | Section 5  Transportation Systems
o Highways o Railways o Light Railo Bus System o Port and Harbor o Ferry System o Airport Transportation  Utility Systems
o Potable Water o Wastewater o Oil o Natural Gaso Electric Powero Communication  Induced Physical Damage
o Fire following o Debris
 Direct Social Losses
o Casualties o Shelter
Tables 26 (ES-2) and Table 27 provide a summary of HAZUS-MH-estimated impacts for Riverside County for the earthquake scenarios reviewed by the MJLHMP Planning Team. As shown in the table 18.0, the total estimated direct economic loss related to building damage could reach $9.8B in the 2008 “Shakeout” scenario events. The 2021 scenarios showed that a M7.8 along San Andreas Fault in Western Riverside County present day could have an economic loss as high as $12.5 Billion and a M7.1 along the San Andreas fault centered in Coachella could have an economic loss $3.88 Billion. It should be noted that these totals are for Riverside County only. The earthquake scenarios have thepotential to cause additional damage in adjacent counties as referenced in Tables 26 and 27.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 195 | Section 5
Table 26: Summary of HAZUS Estimated Impacts on Riverside County for the Earthquake Scenario from 2008 (Table ES-2) Impact Category (2008) M 7.8 "Shakeout" San Andreas
Economic loss due to building damage $6.9 Billion Total building-related direct economic loss $9.8 Billion Number of buildings in complete damage state 25,000* Debris generated (million tons) 3.5 Displaced households 19,000 Households* People needing short-term shelter 8,600 People* Fatalities (2am, 2 pm, 5 pm) 60 buildings (70 all causes) * Total injuries (2 am, 2 pm, 5 pm) 11,600 buildings (11,900 all causes) * Percentage of households without water 99% Number of highway bridges with at least moderate damage (potentially closed) 100 *Note: selected custom estimates for the "Shakeout" scenario have been taken from the full USGS technical report, "The Shakeout Scenario". https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1150/Tables 26 and 27 summarize expected essential facility impacts in the 2008 “Shakeout” earthquake events. Estimated building damages to essential facilities in Riverside County ranges could exceed $351 Million. These loss totals should not be considered allinclusive, as replacement cost data was unavailable for many hospitals, and a smallnumber of schools, and police facilities at the time this scenario data was utilized. While this data is from 2008, it allows our planning team to understand the potential severity of a larger earthquake impacting the essential facilities.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 196 | Section 5
Table 27: Summary of HAZUS – Estimated Impacts for Riverside County Essential Facilities in Two Earthquake Scenarios Essential
Facility Category
(2008) M7.8 "Shakeout" San Andreas
Mean Damage Economic Loss ($1,000)
Hospitals Medium 14% $3,842
Large 26% $5,180
Schools K-12 (default data) 2% $3,708
K-12 (providing data) 6% $314,182 CCD (providing data) 5% $24,465 EOCs 6% $20 Police Stations 7% $35 Fire Stations 4% $14 Total $351,446 *Note: In Riverside County at the time of this assessment, there are no hospitals which would be categorized by HAZUS as "Small" (<50 licensed acute care beds)

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County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 197 | Section 5Figure 18: Summary of HAZUS – estimated Impacts for Riverside County in 2021

7.8 Shakeout Full Scenario
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 198 | Section 5Figure 19: Summary of HAZUS – estimated Impacts for Riverside in 2021 7.1 San Andreas (Coachella) Scenario

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 199 | Section 57.1 San Andreas (Coachella) Earthquake Scenario –OA Impacts The 7.1 San Andreas (Coachella) scenario will impact the eastern most communities and infrastructure of Riverside County. A summary of the regional impacts is provided in Table 17.2. The MJLHMP Planning team leveraged the scenario and extracted data fromcensus tracks within Riverside County to understand the OA impacts. These impacts are described below: Of the 686,260 households modeled within the OA specific scenario data, up to 65,095 households could be affected, up to 6,799 homes could have major damage and up to 2,668 homes could be destroyed. The Major Damage and homes destroyed could beconsidered “red tagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy. With displaced households, we could see up to 1,597 displaced households and up to 1,474 households would need shelter assistance. As much as 328,400 tons of brick, wood, and other “light” debris and up to 380,277 tons of concrete and steel “heavy” debris may result from damaged buildings totaling 708,717 tons that would need to be removed in accordance with applicable debris removalstandards. The number of people killed because of the scenario damage is expected to be as high as 127 people. Total injuries are expected to be as high as 1,945 individuals. The economic loss as stated previously could be as high as $3.8 billion. 2008 “Shakeout” San Andreas Earthquake Scenario OA ImpactsThe M7.8 “Shakeout” San Andreas scenario earthquake from 2008 shows that anearthquake of this magnitude will impact most of the populated portions of RiversideCounty. A summary of impacts is provided in Table 26. It should be noted that impact estimates have been taken from the improved estimates developed by the extensivecommunity modeling effort (Jones, et al., 2008) conducted for the “Shakeout” exercise. The use of these estimates is noted where appropriate due to lack of updated modeling available to the MJLHMP planning team at the time of 2023 plan update.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 200 | Section 5 Table 28: Summary of HAZUS – Estimated Impacts for Riverside County Due to an M7.8 Scenario Earthquake on the Shakeout San Andreas Fault Source http://pubs.usqs.gov/of/2008/1150In the M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenario earthquake on the San Andreas Fault, dollar lossesrelated to the shaking-induced building damage are estimated to reach $6.9 billion, while total direct economic losses are expected to be approximately $9.8 billion.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 201 | Section 5Figure 20: Direct Economic Loss in Riverside County Resulting from an M7.8Scenario Earthquake on the “Shakeout” San Andreas FaultAccording to the published “Shakeout” scenario (Jones, et al., 2008), approximately25,000 buildings would be expected to suffer “Complete” damage in the scenarioearthquake. These buildings, predominantly residential mobile homes, would beconsidered “red-tagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy. A small percentage of these buildings (15% or less) have the potential for collapse, suggesting the need for UrbanSearch & Rescue. More than 18,000 buildings are expected to suffer “Extensive” damage in this scenario earthquake and would be considered “yellow-tagged”, with restrictions on continued use. While the remainder of buildings would be considered “green-tagged” (safe for occupancy, although some damage may have occurred), approximately 63,000 would be expected to suffer “Moderate” damage, and an additional 137,000 would suffer “Slight” damage.Almost 3.5 million tons of debris may result from these damaged buildings – 58 percent is expected to be heavy debris (concrete and steel), requiring heavy equipment to break County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 202 | Section 5down and remove, while 42 percent is expected to be light debris (wood, brick, and other debris). In the “Shakeout” scenario (Jones, et al., 2008), damage to single family and multi-family dwellings is expected to result in the displacement of approximately 19,000 households. Immediately after the earthquake, significant disruption to the water supply anddistribution system is expected, essentially impacting the entire county. While many of the displaced may find shelter with friends and family, or in available hotels, approximately 8,600 people are expected to seek public shelter. The number of people killed because of shaking buildings, transportation system damage, and post-earthquake fire may be on the order of 60 to 70 people. Total injuries, including the range of injuries from minor injuries, treated with basic medical care, to mortal injuries (deaths) from all causes, are estimated to reach 11,900 within the County. Transportation of the injured for treatment could be impacted by transportation system damage with as many as 100 bridges in the County suffering at least “Moderate” damage.2021 “Shakeout” San Andreas Earthquake Scenario OA ImpactsThe 2021 7.8 San Andreas Scenario earthquake centered in Western Riverside County shows that an earthquake of this magnitude will impact most of the populated portions of Riverside County.

A summary of impacts is provided in Table 18.2. The MJLHMP Planning team leveraged the scenario and extracted data from census tracks withinRiverside County to understand the OA impacts. These impacts are described below: Of the 686,260 households modeled within the OA specific scenario data, up to 145,214 households could be affected, up to 17,416 homes could have major damage and up to 13,558 homes could be destroyed. The Major Damage and homes destroyed could be considered “red tagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy. With displaced households, we could see up to 6,178 displaced households and up to 5,412 households would need shelter assistance. As much as 1,073,464 tons of brick, wood, and other “light” debris and up to 1,517,408 tons of concrete and steel “heavy” debris may result from damaged buildings totaling2,590,873 tons of debris that would need to be removed in accordance with applicable debris removal standards. The number of people killed because of the scenario damage is expected to be as high as 645 people. Total injuries are expected to be as high as 3,158 individuals. The economic loss as stated previously, could be as high as $12.5 billion.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 203 | Section 5Essential Facility ImpactsTable 27 provides an overview of essential facility performance in the “Shakeout” SanAndreas Scenario earthquake. The table lists the number of essential facility sites and buildings (these numbers will differ for multi-building campuses, such as schools andhospitals). The table also provides the total building replacement value and the number of buildings for which value data was available. As can be seen in the table, replacement cost data for hospitals was generally not available, unlike most other essential facilitytypes. Expected building performance in this earthquake event is on the order of 7 percent damage or less for EOCs, fire stations, police stations, and schools, but as much as 26 percent damage to large hospitals. The total economic loss for essential facilities hasbeen estimated to exceed $351 million, with 97 percent of the total loss occurring inschools. It should be noted that although cost data is only available for 31 hospitalbuildings (out of 77), these 31 buildings suffer more than $9 million in loss, indicating that the actual total economic loss for hospitals would be significant, but can’t be estimated at this time because of the lack of replacement value data. All scenarios reviewed of a major earthquake rated at a M7.0 or higher within the OAcould have devastating effects overall, leaving emergency response capabilitiesoverwhelmed with service requests, downtime of essential community services forextended periods, deaths, injuries, and mass displacement of community members.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 204 | Section 5Table 29: Riverside County Essential Facility Loss Estimates – M7.8 “Shakeout” San Andreas Fault Scenario Earthquake The following three maps are from the Fault Activity Map of California, California Geologic Survey, Data Map

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 205 | Section 5Map 14: Fault Activity Map of California, Western Riverside County Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022Source: https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/ County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 206 | Section 5Map 15: Fault Activity Map of California, Central Riverside CountyRetrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022Source: https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 207 | Section 5Map 16: Fault Activity Map of California, Eastern Riverside County Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022Source: https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/ County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 208 | Section 5 Continue to the Next Page.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 209 | Section 55.3.2 Pandemic Severity: 4 Probability: 2 Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Pandemic and Epidemic  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition A disease outbreak can cause illness and result in significant casualties. Since 1900, there have been four influenza pandemics that killed approximately 600,000 people in the United States. Most recently, COVID-19 was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It is very contagious and has quickly spread around the world. Due to the nature of this virus (Novel to humans), there was little to no immunity among the population, and it took approximately one year to produce a vaccine that could combat the virus.Hospitalizations and deaths were most pronounced in those 65 and older, and those with underlying medical conditions. History 2020 - COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2.

It is part of the coronavirus family, which include common viruses that cause avariety of diseases from head or chest colds to more severe (but rarer) diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). COVID-19 most often causes respiratory symptoms that can feel much like a cold, a flu, or pneumonia. With the introduction of nonpharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccinations the numbers of deaths and hospitalizations have decreased. However, the threat of shifts and drifts of this virus continues to be monitored by the CDC. 2009 - Rise of H1N1, popularly referred to as the Swine Flu. According to the California Center for Infectious Diseases, the H1N1 flu (2009 H1N1 influenza virus) is a type of influenza virus that causes respiratory disease that can spread between people. While most people who have been sick have recovered without needing medical treatment, hospitalizations, and deaths from infection with this virus has occurred. The spread of H1N1 flu occurs in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Fluviruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with influenza. As a result of preparation and mitigation strategies such as County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 210 | Section 5 vaccinations and public education, the threat of a full-blown H1N1 pandemic in the U.S. is receding. However, the possibility of another pandemic still exists. 2003 - A previous pandemic flu threat that still looms is the avian flu. Birds can contract avian flu and pass it along to humans. Some strains of the avian flu are morevirulent than others. Public health experts continue to be alert to the risk of apossible re-emergence of a 2003 epidemic of avian flu among people primarily in Asia. People who had been very close contact with infected birds (for example,people who lived with chickens in their houses) contracted a virulent form of avian flu and there was a significant death rate from this disease. Thus far, the avian flu virus has not mutated and has not demonstrated easy transmission from person to person. However, were the virus to mutate in a highly virulent form and become easily transmissible from person to person, the public health community would be very concerned about the potential for a pandemic influenza outbreak. Such apandemic could disrupt all aspects of society and severely affect the economy.

Risk Assessment Influenza, also known as the flu, is a disease that attacks the respiratory system (nose, throat, and lungs) in humans. Although mild cases may be similar to a viral “cold,” influenza is typically much more severe. It usually comes on suddenly; may include fever, headache, tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and body aches; and more often results in complications such as pneumonia. Seasonal influenza is a yearlyoccurrence that causes serious flu-related complications primarily for persons aged 65 and older and those with chronic health conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), pregnant women, and young children. Those who are exposed but do notsuccumb develop immunity to the strain circulating that year. Worldwide pandemics of influenza occur when a novel virus emerges to which the population has little immunity. The 20th century saw three such pandemics, the most notable of which was the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic that was responsible for 20 million deaths throughout theworld. Secondary impacts include significant economic disruption that can occur due to loss of employee work time and costs of treating or preventing spread of the flu. Source: https://archive.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Influenza(Flu).aspx COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus named SARS-CoV2 and was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It is very contagious and has quickly spread around the world. COVID-19 most often causes respiratory symptoms that can feel much like a cold, a flu, or pneumonia. COVID-19 may attack more than your lungs and respiratory system. Other parts of your body may also be affected by the disease.

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County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 211 | Section 5  Most people with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, but some people become severely ill.
 Some people including those with minor or no symptoms may suffer from postCOVID conditions — or “long COVID”.  Older adults and people who have certain underlying medical conditions are at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19.
 Hundreds of thousands of people have died from COVID-19 in the United States.  Vaccines against COVID-19 are safe and effective. Vaccines teach our immune system to fight the virus that causes COVID-19.

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/about-covid-19/basicscovid-19.html#:~:text=with%20updated%20guidance.- ,About%20COVID%2D19,%2C%20a%20flu%2C%20or%20pneumonia. California Department of Public Health The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) monitors flu conditions on an annual basis, including all virologic, case based and syndromic surveillance. CDPH works with Riverside County to help the community prepare and mitigate the effects of PandemicFlu.  Effects on people and housing. The risk to people can be severe, leading to hospitalization and potential loss of life. Damage to housing because of Pandemic Flu is not likely. Depending on the severity of impact, the public’s confidence for jurisdictional governance may be challenged if coordinated efforts are not effective and uniformed with best practices identified by subject matter experts such as the Centers for Disease Control.  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The risks are minimal to structures. Economic impacts for the OA can be apparent in a pandemic. If staff are infected and unable to work, this can limit the ability for industries that require in-person work to be constrained to the limitation of staffing and resources toaugment potential quarantine and isolation of employees.  Effects on infrastructure. The risks are minimal, but if there is a pandemic, the risk will decrease the numbers of workers that go to work, which can haveeconomic and functional effects to the organizations in a community. Continuity of Business and Continuity of Government planning goes into action in these cases.  Effects on agriculture. The risk of animals borne disease can be great in a pandemic, depending on the disease. The impact to agriculture can be great, again depending on the disease. The risk to the environment overall will be minimal.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 212 | Section 5
The following charts are from the COVID19.CA.GOV website Figure 21: California COVID-19 Update for December 8, 2022

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 213 | Section 5
Figure 21 Continued
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 214 | Section 5

5.3.3 Wildland Fire Severity: 4 Probability: 4 Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Wildfire  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Cities in which CAL FIRE has made recommendations on Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ) in Riverside County  Banning  Beaumont  Calimesa  Canyon Lake Cathedral City Corona  Desert Hot Springs  Hemet  Jurupa Valley  Lake Elsinore Menifee  Moreno Valley  Murrieta  Norco  Palm Desert Palm Springs  Perris  Rancho Mirage  Riverside  San Jacinto  Temecula  Wildomar

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 215 | Section 5Map 17: Riverside County Wildland Fire Threat Source: https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/uk1pvwva/fhsz_county_sra_11x17_2022_riverside_ada.pdf County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 216 | Section 5Map 18: Wildland-Urban Interface Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 217 | Section 5Hazard Definition An unplanned, unwanted wildland fire including unauthorized human-caused fires,escaped wildland fire use events, escaped prescribed fire projects, and all other wildland fires where the objective is to put the fire out. Source: https://community.fema.gov/ProtectiveActions/s/article/Wildfire-WhatPublic Resources Code §4114 and §4130 authorize the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection (Board) to establish a fire plan which, among other things, establishes thelevels of statewide fire protection services for State Responsibility Area (SRA) lands.These levels of service recognize other fire protection resources at the federal and local level that collectively provide a regional and statewide emergency response capability. In addition, California’s integrated mutual aid fire protection system provides fire protection services through mutual aid agreements for fire incidents across all ownerships where structures and other human development are more concentrated. The California Fire Plan is the state's road map for reducing the risk of wildfire. The Fire Plan is a cooperative effort between the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. By placing the emphasis on what needs to be done long before a fire starts, the Fire Plan looks to reduce firefighting costs and property losses, increase firefighter safety, and to contribute to ecosystemhealth. State Responsibility Areas (SRAs) State Responsibility Areas (SRAs) are those lands within California that meet specificgeographic and environmental criteria. These are areas where CAL FIRE has legal and financial responsibility for wildland fire protection and where CAL FIRE administers fire hazard classifications and building standard regulations. SRAs are defined as lands that 1) are county unincorporated areas, 2) are not federally owned, 3) have wildlandvegetation cover rather than agricultural or ornamental plants, 4) have watershed and/or range/forage value, and 5) have housing densities not exceeding three units per acre.60 Similar to the Federal Responsibility Areas (FRAs), where SRAs contain builtenvironment or development, the responsibility for fire protection of those improvements (non-wildland) is that of a local government agency. Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs) Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs) include land within incorporated cities, cultivatedagriculture lands and non-flammable areas in unincorporated areas and those lands that County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 218 | Section 5 do not meet the criteria for SRA or FRA. LRA fire protection is typically provided by city fire departments, fire protection districts, and counties, and by CAL FIRE under contract to local governments. LRAs may include flammable vegetation and Wildland-UrbanInterface (WUI) areas where the financial and jurisdictional responsibility for improvement and wildland fire protection is that of a local government agency. Homes in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Areas Wildfire poses a significant risk to the people of California and their homes, as evidenced by an increasing trend in structural losses from wildland fires. The risk is predominantly associated with wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas. WUI is a general term that applies to development interspersed within or adjacent to landscapes that support wildland fire. Housing Unit Density Classes: Class Description:
 Rural/Outlying: From one housing unit per five acres to one housing unit per twenty acres.
 Urban: Dwelling unit density of 2 to 8 units per acre.  Wildland Urban Interface: The line, area, or zone where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels.  Wildland Intermix Interface is a condition where homes and other structures are scattered throughout a wildland area.

Managing the human/wildfire conflict requires a commitment of resources and a focused mitigation plan over the long term. The approach must be system-wide and include the following:
 An informed, educated public that takes responsibility for its own decisions relating to wildfire protection
 An effective wildfire suppression program  An aggressive hazardous fuels management program  Land use policies and standards that protect life, property, and natural resources

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 219 | Section 5  Building and fire codes that reduce structural ignitions from windblown embers and flame contact from WUI fires and impede or halt fire spread within thestructure once ignited  Construction and property standards that provide defensible space While some wildfires start by natural causes, humans cause four out of every five wildfires. Historically Between 2001-2010, 85 percent of fires in the United States were caused by humans. Wildfires started by humans are usually the result of debris burns, arson, or carelessness. As a natural hazard, a wildfire is often the direct result of alightning strike that may destroy personal property and public land areas, especially on state and national forest lands. The predominate dangers from wildfires are:

1. Injury or loss of life to people living in the affected area or using the area for recreational facilities.

2. Injury or loss of life to first responders. 3. The destruction of the environment. Source: https://community.fema.gov/ProtectiveActions/s/article/Wildfire-What Magnitude factors: Generally, there are three major factors that sustain wildfires and predict a given area’s potential to burn and increate the potential magnitude of an incident. These factors are fuel, topography, and weather. • Fuel – Fuel is the material that feeds a fire and is a key factor in wildfire behavior. Fuel is generally classified by type and by volume. Fuel sources are diverse and includeeverything from dead tree leaves, twigs, and branches to dead standing trees, live trees, brush, and cured grasses. Also, to be considered as a fuel source are manmadestructures, such as homes and other associated combustibles. The type of prevalent fuel directly influences the behavior of wildfire. Fuel is the only factor that can be modified by humans. The main fuel types in Stanislaus County are crops and grasses, while there are also brush and pine fuels present in some areas in the western portion of the County. • Topography – An area’s terrain and slopes affect its susceptibility to wildfire spread.

Both fire intensity and rate of spread increase as slope increases due to the tendency of County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 220 | Section 5 heat from a fire to rise via convection. The arrangement and types of vegetationthroughout a hillside can also contribute to increased fire activity on slopes. • Weather – Weather components such as temperature, relative humidity, wind, andlightning affect the potential for wildfire. High temperatures and low relative humidity dry out fuels that feed wildfires, creating a situation where fuel will more readily ignite and burn more intensely. Thus, during periods of drought, the threat of wildfire increases.Wind is the most influential weather factor of the three and its influence can increase rates of spread regardless of temperature and relative humidity. History of Previous Occurrences History There is a long history of wildfires in Riverside County. The next table represents Wildland Fires of 500 acres or greater from 2008 to 2019.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 221 | Section 5
Table 30: Riverside County Large Fires 500 Acres and Greater (2008-2019) Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 222 | Section 5
Additional Incidents have occurred since 2019 that are not listed on the table above. Available information on those incidents is listed below for fire incidents greater than 500 acres: Table 31: Large Wildland Incidents within Riverside to include Local and State Incidents

YEAR NUMBER OF LARGE
FIRES
Fire Name(s) Acres Burned
2023 0 (as of January 2023) - N/A 2022 2 Fairview
Lost Lake
28,307
5,856
2021 1 Chaparral 1,427 2020 4 Airport
Apple
Sanderson
Snow
1,087
33,424
1,954 6,254
Source: https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/Probability of future events: As noted, as the beginning of this hazard profile, Wildfires probability was ranked as a 4 meaning it is a frequent rating of occurrence. Looking at the history of large wildfireincidents, Riverside County has had at least one large wildfire incident nearly every year since 2008. This ongoing historical trend is likely to continue to occur annually. The preceding Riverside County Wildland Fire Threat maps points out the distinct bilateral character of Riverside County. The western end of the County is more urban,densely populated, and covered with vegetation that is susceptible to wildfires. Theeastern end of the County is primarily desert, with far less population and far lessvegetation than the western end of the County. We anticipate that future events will occur

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 223 | Section 5more frequently on the western end of the county, and this assessment reflects theamount of high severity zones seen on the western end of the County as seen on the following Hazard Severity Maps. The categories of fire severity maps are:
 Little or No Threat  Moderate  High  Very High  Extreme The following two maps are maps of Fire Hazard Severity Zones. They show the wildfire susceptibility Risks and the local responsibility area, and the state or federal responsibility areas.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 224 | Section 5Map 19: Riverside County Wildfire Susceptibility Risks Map Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 225 | Section 5Map 20: Fire Hazard Severity Zones (West County) and Emergency Service Facilities Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 226 | Section 5Map 21: Eastern Riverside County Wildfire Susceptibility Risks Map

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 227 | Section 5Risk Assessment Fire is a continuous threat in Southern California, particularly in Riverside County.According to the National Risk Index as of January 2023, Riverside County has a very high-Risk Index Score of 100.00 out of 100.00. A chart that demonstrates the distribution of hazard type Risk Score is available below to convey the severity of this potentialhazard. Major areas of concern lie within the wildland and urban interfaces. Hundreds of homes now border major forests and brush areas. With thousands of people living near and visiting wildland areas, the probability of human-caused fires is growing. Althoughoccurring with less frequency, the threat of fire from lightning strikes also exists. The Idyllwild area, San Jacinto Mountains is heavily forested and high hazard area. Figure 22: National Risk Index Score distribution Source: https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 228 | Section 5Generally, the dry seasons are a major time for an increase in the number of forest fires and structure fires. The standard "shake roof" is a particular hazard, as is the poor control of flammable growth around structures. During times of the strong "Santa Ana" winds, fire danger is particularly high. The increase of industrial complexes, transportation networks, and utility networks pose a threat that is not seasonal, but rather year-round. Associated with industry andtransportation networks is the ever-present problem of hazardous materials. Although not necessarily a wildland threat, a fire occurring in an urban area involving hazardousmaterials could have serious consequences. Due to the undeveloped and rugged terrain in parts of Riverside County, highly flammable brush- covered land, and long, dry summers, many portions of the County haveexperienced numerous wildland fires in the recent past.  Effects on people and structures. The effects on people and housing can be significant. Many fires shown in the table above resulted in the evacuation ofhomes. Wildfires have the potential to destroy residential and commercialbuildings, as well as critical infrastructure. To convey the potential financial annual impact on the OA, the National Risk Index provides an estimated Annual LossValue for Riverside County. Estimated damage value in total could be as high as $135,750,440 with a population equivalence of $162,227.Source: https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map Depending on the severity of the incident the public’s confidence in the OA’s ability to govern could be impacted.  Effects on infrastructure. Due to destroyed powerlines, wildfires often result in power outages. These outages can be extensive in geographic area and numbers of persons affected.  Effects on Critical Facilities. There are approximately 15 fire stations that are in potential direct risk from wildland fires. There are additional critical locations within

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 229 | Section 5
the Idyllwild area that are at a high danger risk from wildland fires. In many cases (i.e., fire stations and schools) these facilities cannot be relocated into a safer area.  Effects on agriculture. Effects on agriculture can be devastating. In addition to the obvious impacts on animals and crops, wildfire can have disastrous effects on soil and water that will affect agriculture for an extended period of time. Theeconomic impacts of wildfire include loss of property, direct agricultural sector job loss, secondary economic losses to businesses in or near wildland resources like parks and national forests, and loss of public access to recreational resources. Fire suppression may also require increased cost to local and state government forwater acquisition and delivery, especially during periods of drought when waterresources are scarce. Effects on agriculture can be significant.  Effects on the environment. It should be noted that large scale wildfires can have devastating effects on the environment that can take months to years to grownback and return to similar states prior to the incident.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Major wildfires can completely destroy ground cover causing flooding and erosion. If heavy rains follow a major fire, flash floods, heavy erosion, landslides and mudflows can occur. These cascading effects can have impacts on people, structures, infrastructure, agriculture, and the environment. Risk Assessment Conclusion. The western end of Riverside County is more susceptible to wildfire than the eastern end of the County. The effects can be far-reaching in terms of the number of acres involved, the toll on human life, and the economic consequences. Wildfire will continue to be a highrisk hazard for Riverside County and is a mitigation priority for the OA.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 230 | Section 5

5.3.4 Electrical Failure – Power Outage Severity: 4 Probability: 4 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Power Outage Incidents  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition Identifying Energy Shortage Hazards California continues to experience both population growth and weather cycles thatcontribute to a heavy demand for power. Climate change may also increase California’s vulnerability to energy shortage hazards, as frequency and severity of natural hazards such as Extreme Weather in the form of Extreme Heat become more frequent, this could challenge the National Grids ability to provide power through extended heatwaves when demands for climate-controlled environments are needed by the public. Predictedincreases in heat waves, as well as increasingly severe winter storms, will put ever greater strain on California’s electricity system. The frequency and intensity of heat waves are expected to increase globally, threatening human and animal health, especially among the elderly, poor, chronically ill, homeless populations, individuals with access andfunctional needs (AFN), and other vulnerable populations as noted by the Cal-OESExtreme Temperature Response Plan. Source: https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wpcontent/uploads/Preparedness/Documents/Extreme-Temperature-Response-Plan2022-v3.pdf Hydro-generation provides approximately 20 percent of California’s electric power, with the balance coming from fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewable sources. Rotating outages and/or blackouts such as those experienced in August of 2020 can occur due to losses in transmission or generation and/or extremely severe temperatures that lead to heavy electric power consumption. The electric power industry does not have a universal agreement for classifyingdisruptions.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 231 | Section 5
Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that different types of outages are possible so that plans may be made to handle them effectively. Electric power disruptions can begenerally grouped into two categories: intentional and unintentional. There are four types of intentional disruptions:

1. Planned [Maintenance/ Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS)]: Some disruptions are intentional and can be scheduled. For example, a disruption may be necessary when components of the power system are taken out of service for maintenance or upgrading. Scheduled intentional disruptions can last from several minutes to several hours, and customers are usually notified in advance. In recent years,power utility companies such as SoCal Edison have begun initiating Public Safety Power Shutoffs for grid areas that show high risk of fire ignition from downed and damaged powerlines. Source: https://www.sce.com/outage-center/outage-information/psps

2. Unscheduled (Repair): Some intentional disruptions must be done "on the spot." As a result, advance notice cannot be provided. For example, a fire department or a police department may request a disruption in service during a fire or an accident.

3. Demand-Side Management: Some customers (i.e., on the demand side) have entered into an agreement with their utility provider to curtail their demand forelectricity during periods of peak system loads. In return for agreeing to thesedisruptions, these customers receive a lower electric rate and/or a rebate.

4. Load Shedding (Rotating): When the power system is under extreme stress due to heavy demand and/or failure of critical components, it is sometimes necessary to intentionally interrupt the service to selected customers to prevent the entiresystem from collapsing. In such cases, customer service (or load) is cut,sometimes with little or no warning. One form of load shedding called a "rotating blackout" involves cutting service to selected customers for a predeterminedperiod (usually not more than two hours). As power is restored to one block ofcustomers, the power to another block of customers is interrupted to reduce the overall load on the system.

Unintentional or unplanned disruptions are outages that come with essentially no advance notice. This type of disruption is the most problematic. The following are categories ofunplanned disruptions:
• Accident by the utility, utility contractor, or others.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 232 | Section 5
• Malfunction or equipment failure due, for example, to age, improper operation, excessive operation, or manufacturing defect; special subcategories coverbroken fuse links and underground cable, joint, or termination failures. • Equipment overload (utility company or customer).• Reduced capability (equipment that cannot operate within its design criteria).• Tree contact other than from storms.• Vandalism or intentional damage.• Weather, including ice/snow, lightning, wind, earthquake, flood, and broken tree limbs taking down power lines.
• A wildfire that damages transmission lines.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 233 | Section 5
Table 32: Riverside County Power Outages (1993-2021)
Location Date Incident Description
Riverside County 10/28/1993
Variety of fires. 129 structures destroyed. Power outages. 6 injuries.

Greater Jurupa
Area
1/6/1996
Property damage, power disruption, road damage.

Beaumont 2/17/1999
60mph winds damaged roofs, downed trees and power lines, and created a dense dust storm. A plume of dust penetrated homes and covered all surfaces and filled
closets and cupboards. Yards had 3" to 6" of silt. 1128 homes damaged. 27 vehicles.

Hector Mine Earthquake 10/16/1999
Minor damage to buildings, power interruption, communication interruption, gas line break causing a leak.

Blythe 8/23/2000 Power outage from storms. Provided shelter for 24 people. Desert Cities 8/27/2000 Thunderstorm and wildfires caused power interruption. 2,800 customers without power.

Eastern Coachella
Valley 7/3/2001
Power failure. Several thousand people affected.

Riverside County 2/9/2002
High wind. Damage throughout the County. Roof damage, structure fires, wildfires started but were contained before 15-acre point. Power outages from the wind.

Moreno Valley 7/22/2002
51 home blackout. Transformer fire. Illegal dumping of used motor oil into the transformer vault.

Mira Loma, Jurupa, Rubidoux,
Pedley, Sky Country
1/6/2003
High wind caused road closures, downed trees and power lines. Semi-truck overturns. Power outages affecting 10,000. Fire.

Riverside County 1/14/2003
Power lines down with 936,569 people affected, trees felled, homes damaged, fire triggered from downed lines, Elsinore, Hemet,
Moreno Valley,
Perris, San Jacinto
and Temecula in the
southeastern area of
Riverside County
4/23/2009 Substation load interruption led to loss of power to 280.000 residents.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 234 | Section 5
Riverside County,
Orange County,
parts of Arizona and
Mexico
9/8/2011 Cascading outages led to approximately 2.7 million customers without power due to an 11-minute system disturbance. Power loss lasted as long as 12 hours for some affected. Riverside County’s Imperial Irrigation District was directly affected.

Thousand Palms,
Indio and Desert Hot
Springs
4/30/2014 A cut fiber ring led to communication failure for 261 residents. Power outages for 10,500 residents due to windy conditions.

Riverside 3/11/2016 Micro-burst caused down powerlines and power outages, 3,000 people affected.

Riverside 4/29/2016 Power outage led to 20,020 SoCal Edison customers affected.

Moreno Valley 2/10/2017 8,137 residents lost power due to substation malfunction Riverside University
Health System
5/11/2017 Scheduled maintenance required the hospital to switch to partial generator power for 16 hours.

Desert Reginal
Hospital
5/17/2017 Experience power outage and ran off generators, Riverside 10/26/2017 Load shedding caused loss of power to 104,000 residents Jurupa Valley 10/27/2020 Scheduled maintenance for 8 hours. 926 residents were affected.

San Jacinto, Hemet,
and South of Juniper
Flats
12/2/2020 Public Safety Power Shutoffs due to Santa Ana winds affected 1762 customers for over 24 hours.

Beaumont, Cherry
Valley, Riverside
County
1/19/2021 Power outage caused 100 percent of customers (1411) to lose power for 13 hours.

Banning, Idyllwild,
Palm Springs,
Cabazon, Eastvale,
Jurupa Valley,
Riverside County
11/25/2021 Public Safety Power Shutoffs due to Santa Ana winds caused power outage for over 24 hours.

Note: Table is not inclusive of all power shutoffs that occur throughout the county.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 235 | Section 5Risk Assessment Catastrophic damage to property or loss of life due directly to power failure is possible members of the public who meet the criterial of Critical Care Patients such as thoserequire the use of electrically powered medical devices are particularly vulnerable to this hazard. If services are interrupted for those individuals and they do not plan accordingly could require the assistance of first responders or public services such as Cooling and/or Warming Centers to weather the impacts until they subside. An individual could lose their life if they come into contact with a downed power line. Although the risk of a power outage is high, the direct damage potential is low. Source: https://www.sce.com/outage-center/customer-resources-and-support/criticalcare-backup-battery-programPower outages or interrupted service often occur during electrical storms and high winds. Wildfires also cause power outages in Riverside County. There is a very real possibility of a widespread blackout due to the earthquake.  Effects on people and housing. Impacts due directly to power failure are slight.

Those who require electric powered medical equipment will be at greater risk. In areas of the county that are impacted by high temperatures, or very coldtemperatures, a power outage can have an impact on the heating or coolingabilities. The potential impact on the public’s confidence in the OA’s ability togovern will be minimal.  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Impacts due directly to power failure are slight. If an outage lasts many days, the impact would be of greaterseverity.  Effects on infrastructure. Impacts to the ability of infrastructure in the area of failure to support emergency response may be significant, although notpermanent.  Effect on Critical Facilities. Most critical facilities are required to have a back- up generator. Depending on the facility, the power outage can have strong effects on parts of the population that need medical devices, also for cooling and heatingpurposes. Extended periods of power outage can strain back-up generatorequipment and the service providers for fuel to run those generators if they are to exceed 72 hours of interruption.  Effects on agriculture & the environment. Impacts due directly to power failure are slight.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 236 | Section 5 Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects As noted, other hazards such as an earthquake, wildfire, electrical storms, and high winds may be causes of blackouts. Risk Assessment Conclusion The County needs to be prepared to coordinate with utility companies on prioritized power restoration should there be a failure due to downed lines caused by another hazardous condition or intentional disruptions made in the form of a PSPS.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 237 | Section 55.3.5 Emerging Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Severity: 4 Probability: 4 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Emerging / Re-emerging Infectious Diseases  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition According to the Center for Disease Control, the term "emerging infectious diseases"refers to diseases of infectious origin whose incidence in humans has either increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future. Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are new, new to the area, reappearing in the area afterbeing fairly dormant, or a strain has become resistant to antibiotics. These illnesses are caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi that have entered into the body and began to multiply. Infectious diseases can be spread throughout the County population in a number ofdifferent ways:
• Vector (Bug bites) • Person to person • Contaminated food water or soil Zika Zika is a virus that is predominantly transmitted through the vector. Female Aedes ageypti are more dangerous than males. This is due to the fact that females have blood meals and males do not. They also spread the infection through laying eggs in standing water. Riverside County has detected Aedes ageypti, however, the ones that have been tested do not carry the virus. The reported cases in Riverside County have all been travel related illnesses. The threat of transmission is still present due to the potential sexualtransmission of the virus.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 238 | Section 5 Map 22: Aedes Distribution Map by County Source: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/AedesDistributionMap.pdfEbola Ebola is dominant in African countries, though with the ease of travel it has the potential to make its way to California. It is transmitted through blood, bodily fluids, direct contact with broken skin, contaminated needles, and infected primates. When infected it can be fatal. Ebola can spread rapidly within Health Care Facilities when staff are not properly trained of not wearing adequate personal protective gear.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 239 | Section 5Dengue Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bite of an infected Aedes species (Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus) mosquito. Dengue is caused by one of any of four related viruses: Dengue virus 1, 2, 3, and 4. For this reason, a person can be infected with a dengue virus as many as four times in his or her lifetime. The same mosquitos that can spread Zika can spread Dengue. Almost half of the world’s population, about 4 billionpeople, live in areas with a risk of dengue. Prevent dengue by avoiding mosquito bites. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/areaswithrisk/index.htmlAvian InfluenzaAvian influenza or bird flu refers to the disease caused by infection with avian (bird)influenza (flu) Type A viruses. These viruses naturally spread among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species. Bird fluviruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with bird flu viruses have occurred. Infected birds can shed avian influenza A viruses in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. Susceptible birds become infected when they have contact with the virus as it is shed by infected birds. They also can become infected through contact with surfaces that are contaminated with virus from infected birds. Avian influenza A viruses are classified into the following two categories: low pathogenicity avianinfluenza (LPAI) A viruses, and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A viruses. Both HPAI and LPAI viruses can spread rapidly through poultry flocks. HPAI and LPAI designations do not refer to or correlate with the severity of illness in cases of humaninfection with these viruses; both LPAI and HPAI A viruses have caused mild to severe illness in infected humans.

Respiratory Illnesses (RSV, COVID-19)
Respiratory syncytial (sin-SISH-uhl) virus, or RSV, is a common respiratory virus thatusually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. Most people recover in a week or two, but RSV can be serious, especially for infants and older adults. RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs) in children younger than 1 year of age in the United States.

COVID-19 is caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. It is part of the coronavirus family, which include common viruses that cause a variety of diseases from head or chest colds to more severe (but rarer) diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). COVID-19 may cause mild symptoms in people, but others may have severe disease or require hospitalization. Older people and those with moderate to severe immunocompromise may suffer more with COVID-19infection. Long COVID, or post COVID conditions, may cause lingering morbidity orcomplication, even with minor COVID-19 infection.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 240 | Section 5 Respiratory illnesses can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes; you get virus droplets from a cough or sneeze in your eyes, nose, or mouth; you have directcontact with the virus, like kissing the face of a child with RSV; you touch a surface that has the virus on it, like a doorknob, and then touch your face before washing your hands.

Risk Assessment
 Effects on people and housing. The risk to people can be severe, leading to hospitalization and possibly loss of life. Damages to housing as a result of anemerging / re-emerging infectious disease is not likely. The impact on the public’sconfidence in the OA’s ability to govern is very low.  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The risks are minimal to structures.
 Effects on infrastructure. The risks are minimal, but if there is an emerging or reemerging infectious disease outbreak the risk to people will lessen the numbers of workers that can go to their regular employment, which can strain the maintaining the infrastructure. Continuity of Business and of Government may become anissue. Outbreaks also but a strain on schools, hospitals, doctor offices andbusinesses.  Effects on agriculture & environment: Agriculture can be devastatingly affected by emerging / re-emerging infectious diseases. There are a number of vector borne illnesses that can affect livestock such as Lyme disease, Salmonella and rabies. Plant pests or viruses can cause huge losses in crops that can threaten food safety and farmer livelihood stability. This can also impact local fauna can also beimpacted depending on the ability of each disease to transmit to animals andplants.

History of Events 2015/17 – Zika was confirmed in Riverside County in 2015 with 14 infections. In 2017, there were 2 confirmed cases. All cases were travel related. Report accuracyreflects confirmed cases. Due to the symptoms mirroring a cold, the number could be higher but the mortality rate for this disease is very low. Its greatest impact is on a pregnant woman. 153 cases were reported within the state of California as of August 2016. Sexual transmission is a possibility with this virus. Transmittingmosquitos, Aedes ageypti, are present within the County.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 241 | Section 5
2014/16 – Riverside County was alerted of the 2014 West Africa Ebola Outbreak in West African countries. Worldwide, a total of 1,975 cases were confirmed and 1,069deaths were reported in August 2014. In 2016 the numbers had grown to 15,261 confirmed cases and 11,325 fatalities; it was the largest outbreak in history.Infection Control Measures were released from the Riverside Department of Public Health to first responders and EMS professionals. Though Riverside did notexperience an outbreak or confirm a case, they were on high alert of the potential spread of the disease. 2015 – West Nile was contracted by 737 people within the county and there were 45 reported deaths.
2013 – Large scale Tuberculosis testing. 2 cases were confirmed and 72 were treated for latent TB infections.
2004 – Botulism Type A was detected in four inmates within Riverside County. 2003 – West Nile Virus was detected in birds in the City of Riverside and the Coachella Valley. There was one reported human case within the County. Imperial and Los Angeles Counties also reported human cases.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects This hazard has the potential to impact EMS first responders and Health Care Facilities. In the event that the timing of an outbreak coincided with another hazard, the healthcare impact could be extensive. Risk Assessment Conclusion Public Health Departments for the County, State, nation and the world constantly monitor all emerging / re-emerging infectious diseases. This gives medical personnel thenecessary time to prepare or mitigate possible effects of emerging / re-emerginginfectious diseases. As a result of the Ebola and Zika outbreaks, Riverside County EMS Agency releasedPolicy 2102, Emerging Infectious Diseases Screening. Its purpose is to specifyprocedures to be followed when highly pathogenic emerging viruses are suspected during emergency call taking and response or confirmed prior to interfaculty transport.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 242 | Section 5

5.3.6 Cyber Attack Severity: 4 Probability: 1 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Cyber Attack  Riverside County Jurisdiction All incorporated cities of Riverside County Hazard Definition Cyber-terrorism is the use of computer network tools to shut down critical governmentinfrastructures such as energy, transportation, and government operations, or to coerce or intimidate a government or civilian population. The premise of cyber terrorism is that as nations and critical infrastructure became more dependent on computer networks for their operation, new vulnerabilities are created.

A hostile nation or group could exploit
these vulnerabilities to penetrate a poorly secured computer network and disrupt or even shut down critical public or business operations. The goal of cyber terrorism is believed to be aimed at hurting the economy of a region or country, and to amplify the effects of a traditional physical terrorist attack by causingadditional confusion and panic. Cyber-terrorism. Recent incidents illustrate the County’s vulnerability to cyber- terrorism.  Effects on people and housing. If a Cyber-attack were to happen at a Healthcare Facility the effects could be detrimental to patients and their care. SensitiveSecurity Information could be obtained, and the hackers could release patient files, payment information and other personal data that could harm individuals andemployees. Impacts on a Computer Aided Dispatch System (CAD) from cyberterrorism could also cause impacts on the residents of the community asinterruption of this service could delay 9-1-1 response times. This hazard couldnegatively impact the public’s confidence in the OA’s ability to govern if the incident is severe enough to impact the publics life, safety, or personally identifiableinformation (PII).  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Depending on levels of contamination and exposure, effects could range from minimal to devastating.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 243 | Section 5  Effects on infrastructure. Cyber-terrorism can have profound effects on infrastructure. If an attack were to happen in a critical facility it could potentiallymake it inoperable. As critical infrastructure continues to leverage supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) applications, unpatched software and/orunprotected ports connected to the internet could allow threat actors tocompromise critical infrastructure operations leading to potential impacts on the general public’s essential services such as delivery of water, power and/or other resources.  Effects on agriculture & the environment. Depending on levels of contamination and exposure, effects could range from minimal to devastating. The impacts to the environment would be minimal.

History of Events In 2016 the County of Riverside Emergency Management Department was targeted for a ransomware attack that resulted in a disruption of work. It also affected the Department Operations Center (DOC) shared drive, which could have hindered response to adisaster. We have not identified any events that would be identified as cyber-terrorism since 2016. However, it should be noted that all jurisdictions in the OA face cyber threats every day that do coming in the form of: Ransomware, Business Email Compromise, Insider Threat, Phishing, Denial-of-Service Attacks, and Cross site Scripting. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Cyber-attacks have the ability to shut down entire facilities. If an attack were to happen during a disaster it could greatly affect the response of first responders and EOCpersonnel. If Personally Identifiable Information (PII) or data categorized protected under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is compromised, thecounty could be impacted by reputational damage and significant financial penalties. Risk Assessment ConclusionCyber-attacks happen within the County on a daily basis. The Riverside CountyInformation Technology Department (RCIT) has multiple prevention systems in place that protect County servers and network systems. RCIT monitors County systems 24 hours a day and has the Albert Sensor that will report to the Center for Internet Security (CIS), Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) all Domain Name System County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 244 | Section 5 (DNS) and NetFlow traffic for correlation with the Department of Homeland Security’sthreat intelligence database for alerting of malicious network connections to blacklisted IP address and Domains on the Internet. Another implemented system is the Enterprise Breach Detection System that inspects all internal/lateral county network traffic forindicators of compromise (IOCs) enabling the Information Security Office to rapidly detect, respond to, contain, and prevent cyber-attacks, malware outbreaks, network reconnaissance, data exfiltration, and C2 (command & control) and botnet activities. Recent investments to protect the county against Cyber-terrorism and Cyber-attacksinclude:
 2018 - The creation of a dedicated Security Operations Center.  2018 – The County purchased a Security Orchestration Automation and Response (SOAR) platform to automate and standardize the response to cyber securityincidents.  2019 – The county invested in KnowBe4 to perform phishing simulation/awareness  2021 – The County changed its policy to require every employee to take cyber security awareness training annually.
 2022 – The County is currently in the process of purchasing a Breach Attack and Simulation Platform that will allow the County to test the configuration of security tools. This will allow us test against the specific Tactics, Techniques, andProcedures (TTPs) used specific Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) actors.

RCIT is also in the process of implementing more programs for the safety of the County’s networks. Due to the level of security, the threat of a Cyber-attack is fairly low, but the potential dangers could be very damaging.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 245 | Section 55.3.7 Terrorist Event Severity: 3 Probability: 1 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Terrorism  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition The unlawful use or threatened use of violence committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, infurtherance of political or social objectives. Terrorism can be defined and segmented into two categories.

International terrorism: Violent, criminal acts committed by individuals and/or groups who are inspired by, or associated with, designated foreign terrorist organizations or nations (state-sponsored). Domestic terrorism: Violent, criminal acts committed by individuals and/or groups tofurther ideological goals stemming from domestic influences, such as those of a political, religious, social, racial, or environmental nature. Source: https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/terrorismHistory Riverside County has experienced some incidents throughout the years. However,threats and incidents have been on the rise. Riverside County has experienced a few incidents of terrorism throughout county history since terrorism is politically based. The risk of terrorism fluctuates with uncertainty.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 246 | Section 5 Risk Assessment The following risks and tactics associated with terrorism are defined broadly below to add context: Chemical. A terrorist would not have to build a complicated chemical release device.During favorable weather conditions, an already existing chemical plant could besabotaged or bombed releasing a toxic cloud to drift into a populated area. The resultcould be just as dangerous as having placed a smaller chemical device in a more confined space. This type of incident would cause the maximum amount of fear, trepidation, and potential panic among the civilian population, and thus achieve a major terrorist objective. Biological. The agents are cheap, easy to make, and simple to conceal. Even smallamounts, if effectively deployed, could cause massive injuries, and overwhelmemergency rooms. The production of biological weapons can be carried out virtuallyanywhere — in simple laboratories, on a farm, or even in a home.

However, experts say it remains very difficult to transform a deadly virus or bacterium into a weapon that can be effectively dispersed.

A bomb carrying a biological agent would
likely destroy the germ as it explodes. Dispersing the agents with aerosols is challenging because biomaterials are often wet and can clog sprayers. Most agree that, while abiological attack could be devastating in theory, in reality, the logistical challenges ofdeveloping effective agents and then dispersing them makes it less likely a terrorist could carry out a successful widespread assault. Radiological/Nuclear. Under extreme circumstances an accident or intentionalexplosion involving radiological materials can cause very serious problems.Consequences may include death, severe health risks to the public, damage to theenvironment, and an extraordinary loss of, or damage to, property. Explosive. While generally more limited in the extent of the damage inflicted, explosive terrorist attacks may have consequences including death and damage to property.Targets would include county fairs, music festivals, critical facilities, and sporting events. Active shooters: The increase of violent crimes throughout the nation has increasedawareness within Riverside County. The possibility of an attack has increased. Though the threat to infrastructure is fairly limited this hazard could result in loss of life, injury, and economic disruption. Targets could include public events, government facilities, schools, and shopping centers.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 247 | Section 5Vehicle Ramming: This terrorist tactic has been increasing over the last five years.Riverside County has a very low history of this event but moderate probabilities of it happening again. This tactic is very hard to detect, and mitigation is extremely difficult to carry out. Riverside County Sheriff’s Department has increased their awareness of this terrorist style in an attempt to foil any attempted ramming incident. Extremists, especially in European countries have moved towards filling the vehicles with explosives to increase the number of fatalities in an attack. Though this approach has not yet made it to Riverside County, the potential threat has increased. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Terrorism may lead to a fire, destruction of property, disruption of power, injury to persons, and even loss of life. The potential to affect public safety response to other public safety calls. Risk Assessment Conclusion Riverside County has a large population within proximity of critical infrastructure. Theeffects can be far-reaching in terms of the number of buildings involved, the toll on human life, and the economic consequences.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 248 | Section 5

5.3.8 Communications Failure Severity: 3 Probability: 2 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Network Communications Failure  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition CoRNet The County of Riverside Network (CoRNet) provides Voice and Data communication for most County departments and facilities. CoRNet is a distributed design consisting ofRegional Hub locations to which sites in each region have their point-to-point circuitsconnected. Each of these Hub locations is then connected to its adjacent Hub locations via high bandwidth circuits. Voice Services are built to be fully redundant, residing within 3 geographically diverse data centers: RC3, Regency Tower, and RUHS Main Campus. CoRNet has been providing transport for Voice, Video, and Data systems within the same network infrastructure since its redesign was completed in 2016. The global pandemic in 2019/2020 brought the need for business continuity via a remote workforce. The County architecture was scaled up significantly to support this need through Virtual PrivateNetwork (VPN) and Mobile Remote Access (MRA) solutions. The County has adopted a partially remote workforce in this post-pandemic era. A loss of Network connectivity would impact both Voice and Data. In the event of acommunications failure and its location, the impact could range from a single department to geographical areas or possibly the entire County. Multiple hazards could result in a “Network” failure such as earthquakes, power outages, and other natural disasters.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 249 | Section 5Figure 23: Lumen Internet, ATT Hub Image Indio Hub Failure  Sites impacted
o All CoRNet directly connected Desert locations
 Services impacted
o All Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi services for this region.

Murrieta (SWJC) Hub Failure
 Sites impacted
o All CoRNet directly connected South County locations
 Services impacted
o All Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi services for this region.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 250 | Section 5Hemet Hub Failure  Sites impacted
o All CoRNet directly connected Hemet area County locations  Services impacted
o All Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi services for this region.

Riverside Hub Failure
 Sites impacted
o All Central Riverside locations (Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi)  Services impacted
o All Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi services directly connected to the Riverside hub PSECThe Riverside County Sheriff’s Department/Public Safety Enterprise Communications(RSO/PSEC) Division provides public safety communications for all participating City and County law enforcement, fire service, public works, and allied agencies in RiversideCounty. In January of 2014, PSEC replaced an aging countywide Enhanced DigitalAccess Communications System (EDACS) system with a Motorola 7.x APCO P25 Phase 2 high availability and Dynamic System Resilience voice radio system. PSEC provides and manages all aspects of Public Safety Radio Services for participating agencies which include almost all County agencies and the city police departments of Banning, Murrieta, Menifee, Riverside, and Corona. Beaumont, Blythe, Indio, Cathedral City, Indio, and Palm Springs are estimated to be on PSEC by end of 2023. Thirty plus full-time staff provide 24/7/365 Public Safety Communications for over 6,800 voice and data mobile users who operate over a 7,303 square mile area. The PSEC radio system provides all levels of government communications for the 2,189,641* residents of Riverside County including first responder dispatch for Law Enforcement 9-1-1 Dispatch Centers. The staff maintains:
 78 radio and microwave remote sites  77 PSEC radio Voice and Data transmitter Sites  1 – Primary Motorola (M)- Core Site  1 Motorola (M) Core Dynamic System Resilience (DSR) Site  88 licensed Microwave Hops  Approximately 8500 Voice Users  16 Dispatch Centers The PSEC Division of RCIT processed 30,045,205 Public Safety Transmissions for FY21/22

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 251 | Section 5Figure 24: PSEC System Architecture County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 252 | Section 5Map 3: PSEC Sites and Microwave Interconnectivity across 7200 Square miles of Riverside County, CA System Redundancy A significant and material attribute of the System is how it performs during various failure conditions. The PSEC ASTRO 25 Radio System is designed with multiple levels ofredundancy and the ability to provide continued communications should failures occur. Because the System can be a lifeline to County users and citizens, there is no tolerance for System failure. The System can withstand multiple failures and still provide fullfeatured trunked communications. At each remote site, dispatch location and Master site, components that have the potential to interrupt communications have been backed up with redundant components. Thesystem is designed such that multiple component failures must occur before users will notice a degradation in performance (other than a brief period during the switch over to a redundant component). Master Sites There are two Master sites, one in Riverside on Alessandro Street and one in Blythe. In the event of a catastrophic failure of the Alessandro Master site, the Blythe Master site will take over operation of the entire system. In the event of a loss of microwavecommunications links between the east side and the west side of the county, the Blythe Master site can take over system operations in the east county, while Alessandro will continue to control the west county. In this scenario, dispatchers at Alessandro or Palm

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 253 | Section 5Desert would not be able to reach units operating on the east side of the county, norwould Blythe dispatchers be able to reach units operating in the west. History of Events CoRNet Riverside County has not experienced a large-scale Communication Failure with CoRNet. PSEC In early 2017 the PSEC radio system had a technical issue that led to the temporarydisruption of 911 services in the Indio/Palm Springs area.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 254 | Section 5 Risk Assessment Conclusion CoRNet As RCIT continues working toward redundancy in many areas (Data Center, MPLS,Redundant Internet Connections etc.), it is important to understand the scope of anoutage depending on where it occurs on CoRNet under the current design. A single Hub failure would only impact the locations serviced through that Hub. Other hub locationswould not be affected. PSEC The RSO/PSEC Division has developed hardened sites to maintain Public Safety twoway communications to support first responders during natural disasters and civil disturbance. All of the microwave and core sites are hardened with towers that are rated to either 85 or 120 mph wind, Seismic Zone 4, and are maintained by professionalsdedicated to Public Safety Communications. The PSEC system is highly redundant with several layers of fault tolerance. There are multiple routing paths for routers, switches, trunked repeaters, overlapping coverage and core roaming services. Although individual sites may be affected by a major earthquake or another disaster, the PSEC system has been designed to offer a high level ofoperability overall. Restoration of downed infrastructure could take hours to a month(s) depending on the severity of the damage with the worst case being a loss of physical infrastructure. The PSEC system has already performed well in minor earthquakes and major fires. The system has also been highly available on a day-to-day basis. The probability of thesystem working to support first responders is high if the PSEC Division properly maintains the system and is funded to do so. The Core and Radio Network Interface (RNI) has intrusion detection and is isolated from the outside with multiple layers of firewalls to protected from Cyber Attacks. Acomprehensive assessment by RCIT ISO and the manufacturer Motorola was performed when the PSEC radio system was deployed. RCIT ISO can be contacted to provide more details on how the RCIT network is protected. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 255 | Section 5Any loss of the RSO/PSEC Public Safety Voice system would affect first responderperformance during emergencies of all types in Riverside County for Law, Fire, EMS and local government entities like Public Works.5.3.9 Flood Severity: 3 Probability: 3 Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Flooding
 All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 256 | Section 5Map 24: Riverside County 100 Year Flood Plain Risks

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 257 | Section 5
Hazard Definition A flood is defined as an overflowing of water onto an area of land that is normally dry. Floods generally occur from natural causes, usually weather-related, often in conjunction with a prolonged period of seasonal precipitation or with sudden and very heavy rain falls. Floods can, however, result from human causes as a dam impoundment bursting. Dam break floods are usually associated with intense rainfall or prolonged flood conditions. In the Riverside County area, a major earthquake could cause a dam failure. In a dam failure scenario, the greatest threat to life and property typically occurs in those areas located immediately below the dam since flood depths and discharges generally decrease as the flood wave moves downstream. Floods are generally classed as either slow-rise or flash floods. Slow-rise floods may be preceded by a warning time lasting from hours to days, or possibly weeks. Evacuation and sandbagging for a slow rise flood may lessen the flood-related damage. Conversely, flash floods are characterized by extremely short warning times. Hydrologic Regions Although Riverside County occasionally experiences periods of significant drought, the County can also experience periods of substantial rainfall. When Riverside County does experience heavy rain, or rain over a period of days or weeks, many areas of the County are subject to flooding. Runoff from rain drains either naturally into rivers, washes, andcreeks or into flood control facilities. Flash flooding is also a common problem, especially in the Coachella Valley and the easterly portions of the county. Flash flooding is typically associated with short duration, high-intensity precipitation events often associated with summer thunderstorms. Such events can occur even during a drought. The topography of the County varies from mountainous areas several thousand feet above sea level to low desert areas that are below sea level. Riverside County falls within two distinct Natural Hydrologic Regions as described in the State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP): South Coast Region The South Coast hydrologic region extends north from the U.S. - Mexico border to the Tehachapi, San Bernardino, San Gabriel, and San Jacinto mountains. Nearly one-third of the area is coastal plain. This region contains major urban centers, including thecounties of Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego. Much of the flooding is sudden and severe, resulting in massive slides, debris flows, and mudflows. The western portion of Riverside County falls within the South Coast Region and contains portions of the Santa Ana River, San Jacinto River, and Santa Margarita River watersheds.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 258 | Section 5 Colorado River – Desert Region The dominant hydrologic features of this region are the Colorado River, which forms its eastern boundary, and the Salton Sea, which lies just shy of its western boundary. The region is marked by the San Bernardino and San Jacinto mountains. The region is also bounded by the U.S.- Mexico border to the south and the South Lahontan region to the north. This is generally a sparsely populated agricultural region that experiences sporadic flooding; however, the upper Coachella Valley has a much higher population density. Both common winter storm events and summertime monsoonal flows from Mexico’s PacificCoast can spawn massive rainstorms, general flooding and flash floods. The Easternportion of Riverside County falls within the Desert Region and contains portions of the Whitewater River and Colorado River watersheds. Characteristic Weather Patterns In Riverside County, various weather patterns are associated with flood events such as El Niño conditions, La Niña conditions, Summer Monsoons, and “Pineapple Express”. Floods that affect Riverside County can be attributed to three different types of stormevents:

1. A general winter storm that combines high-intensity rainfall and a rapid melting of the mountain snowpack.

2. A tropical storm out of the southern Pacific Ocean. 3.

A summer thunderstorm, particularly in the desert areas.

There are three principal types of flood hazards:

1. Stream flooding (including bridge scour and stream erosion) 2. Flash flooding (including debris and mud flows)3. Sheet flow flooding (including alluvial fan flooding) The major rivers in the South Coast hydrologic region of Riverside County are dry most of the year and pose flood threats to developments within the floodplain during general storms of long duration. When a major storm moves into the area, the excess precipitation becomes surface runoff. Resultant flood flows have predominantly short durations and sharp peaks. Increased urbanization increases flood potential by increasing thepercentage of impervious surfaces. In the Desert hydrologic region, high-intensity rainfall from the period of July to August can produce severe flash flooding. Winter rains are generally more widespread in the desert

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 259 | Section 5
and flash flood potential is less due to the lower intensity of rainfall. Winter rains are nonetheless capable of producing flooding but are somewhat more predictable. There is a severe danger to motorists who may attempt to drive through flooded washes which are typically dry. Storms with high volumes of precipitation in a short period of time have occurred in the County causing flash floods, contaminated drinking water, disrupted electrical service, and damaged homes and contents. In addition, land that has been denuded of foliage and trees due to fire or human activity has experienced serious erosion from the rainfall. Excessive precipitation can inundate soil in slopes causing mudslides and landslides.These events can destroy homes, block highways, and destroy power lines. The County is vulnerable to this type of flood damage. Heavy storms also can strand individuals playing near or crossing streams, rivers, flood control channels and intersections. Riverside County has several major river systems, f, and reservoirs. Excessive rainfall can stress these systems causing serious damage to property and potential loss of life. Rivers can overflow their banks, destroying bridges and washing out roads and highways during major flood events. Dam failure is discussed in a separate section of this LHMP on that specific hazard.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 260 | Section 5
History of previous occurrences: Table 33: Riverside County Flood History Location Date of Incident Reported Damage Number Injured Incident Description Riverside County 1/17/1993 $12,629,191 0 Flooding
Idyllwild 3/5/1995 $1,000,000 Not Avail.

Flooding caused by rains. 3,000 acres of farmland flooded. Portions of Highway 74 washed away Mecca 3/6/1995 $1,000,000 2 Flooding caused by rains.

Riverside County 2/6/1998 12,629,191 0 El Nino storms flooding, debris, road damage water damage to homes Cherry Valley,
Calimesa, YucaipaOak Glen
Conservation Camp,
Banning
7/11-12/1999 $750,000 3 Flash flood. Camp and property damaged.

Desert Hot
3/5/2000 $300,000 1 Flooding caused by rain and snow Springs Moreno Valley 3/7/2000 $1,500,000 Not Avail. Flooding caused by rain. Mudslides. Homes and property destroyed.

Eastern Riverside
8/29/2000 Not Avail. 0 Flash flood due to severe thunderstorm, hail, County heavy rain.

Eastern Riverside
7/6/2001 $3,383,000 0 Flash flood. Road damage, farmland damage, County crop damage.

County Areas &
Riverside City 11/24/2001 Not Avail. Not Avail. Flood channel blocked. Homes flooded.

Moreno Valley,
Cathedral City 8/18/2003 $500,000 Not Avail. Flash flood Government buildings flooded Anza, Banning 9/4/2003 $150,000 Not Avail. Flash flood.

Corona, Palm
11/12/2003 $10,000 0 Flash flood. Springs
Mira Loma, Moreno
Valley 2/2/2004 $10,000 Not Avail. Flash flood.

Temecula,
Riverside, Mira
Loma
2/18/2004 $55,000 Not Avail. Flash flood.

Mira Loma,
Moreno Valley, 10/20/2004 $500,000 0 Flash flood.

Perris, Sun City,
Lake Elsinore

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 261 | Section 5 Riverside County
FEMA DR -1577 12/27/2004 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides Riverside County
FEMA DR -1585 2/16/2005 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides Riverside County
FEMA DR -1884 3/8/2010 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides Riverside County
FEMA DR -1952 12/17/2010 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides Hemet, Coachella
Valley and
Thousand Palms
9/7-8/2014 Not Avail Not Avail
Flash flooding in Coachella Valley. Mud
and water closed roads and stranded
vehicles in La Quinta, Palm Desert, and
Thousand Palms. Homes in La Quinta
were surrounded by water. Moving water
was 3 feet deep on roads and 4 to 5 feet of
standing water submerged vehicles.

Throughout County 12/3-4/2014 Not Avail 1
Flooding resulted, with mud, debris and
water closing several roadways and
stranding vehicles. Mud with debris 10 feet
high piled up on Soboba Rd. north of San
Jacinto. A swift water rescue was needed.

Throughout County 7/19/2015 Not Avail 1
Flooding in the county lead to the need for
a swift water rescue, the washout of
Interstate-10 near Desert Center, and
neighborhood in and near Moreno Valley
flooded causing damage to resident’s
homes and property.

Menifee 9/8/2015 Not Avail Not Avail Flooding
Temecula 1/5-7/2016 Not Avail Not Avail Flooding
Throughout County 2/27/2017 Not Avail 1
Flooding resulted from the storm. A swift
water rescue was needed in Temecula.

Heavy road damage disrupted traffic.

Throughout County 2/14/2019 $8,353,800 1
Flooding resulted from storm event. 30
water rescues in western Riverside County
and Coachella Valley. Significant road
damage and public infrastructure damage.

Source: https://www.weather.gov/media/sgx/documents/weatherhistory.pdf http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/storm_summaries/dec2010storms.php http://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/wsp.2499.sumca0193.html http://www.floodcontrol.co.riverside.ca.us/Downloads/AnnualReports/DistrictAnnualReport15-16.pdf County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 262 | Section 5 Flood Hazard Mapping For floodplain management purposes, the following discussion describes the FederalEmergency Management Agency (FEMA) definition of “100-year flood.” The term "100- year flood" is misleading. It is not a flood that will occur once every 100 years. Rather, the flood elevation has a one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded each year. Thus, a 100-year flood could occur more than once in a relatively short period of time. The one percent chance flood is used by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) as the minimum standard for floodplain management regulation and, in most cases, triggers the need for mandatory flood insurance coverage. A structure located within a FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area has a 26 percent chance of suffering flood damage during the term of a 30-year mortgage. Riverside County utilizes several sources to determine local flood hazards: FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps, DWR Awareness Maps, and local flood zone delineation maps as identified in Riverside County Ordinance 458 (last updated January 25, 2022). For floodplain management purposes, the County regulates unincorporated developmentwithin each of the above-mentioned maps. Each of the incorporated Cities administers its own floodplain management program and may or may not utilize floodplain information beyond that provided by FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Riverside County residents who live in FEMA mapped floodplains that have a federally backed mortgage loan are required to pay flood insurance. The Riverside County Flood Control District has been working towards getting a premium rate discount for theseresidents by participating in the Community Rating System (CRS). Currently,unincorporated Riverside County residents receive a 20 percent discount on their flood insurance premiums. Participating in the CRS Program has multiple secondary benefits, such as enhancedpublic safety, a reduction in damage to property and public infrastructure, avoidance of economic disruption and losses, reduction of human suffering, and protection of theenvironment. Through the CRS, a community can evaluate the effectiveness of its flood program against a nationally recognized benchmark. Implementing CRS activities, such as floodplain management, help a community qualify for federal assistance programs. Probability of Future Occurrences: As noted, as the beginning of this hazard profile, Flood probability was ranked as a 3, meaning it is a semi-frequent rating of occurrence. Looking at the history of floodingincidents, Riverside County has had at least one flood incident nearly every three years. This ongoing historical trend is likely to continue to occur.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 263 | Section 5FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Mapping FEMA updated the Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMS) effective range fromAugust 28, 2008, to March 3, 2022, depending on when jurisdictions requested maps to be updated. The DFIRMS are available for public viewing from FEMA’s website:Source: http://msc.fema.gov/portal/advanceSearch#searchresultsanchor Map 4: FEMA FIRM Map 2022 – West CountySource: http://msc.fema.gov/portal/advanceSearch#searchresultsanchor County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 264 | Section 5Map 26: FEMA FIRM Map 2022 – East County Source: http://msc.fema.gov/portal/advanceSearch#searchresultsanchor

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 265 | Section 5
Table 34: FIRM Flood Zones Table 34: FIRM Flood Zones
Zone Description
A Area with a 1 percent annual chance of flooding. No depths or Base Flood Elevations (BFEs) are shown.

AE Base floodplain where BFEs are provided. AE Zones are now used on digital FIRMs instead of A1 - A30 Zones.

A1 through 30 Known as numbered A Zones, these are the base floodplains in the old FIRM format where a BFE is shown.

AH Area with a 1 percent annual chance of shallow flooding with an average depth ranging from 1 to 3 feet. BFEs are shown at selected intervals.

AO River or stream flood hazard area, or area with a 1 percent or greater chance of shallow flooding each year, usually in the form of sheet flow with an average depth ranging from 1 to 3 feet. Average flood depths derived from detailed analyses are shown.

AR Area with a temporarily increased flood risk due to the building or restoration of a flood control system (such as a levee or a dam).

A99 Area with a 1 percent annual chance of flooding protected by a federal flood control system where construction has reached specified legal requirements. No depths or BFEs are shown.

V Coastal area with a 1 percent or greater chance of flooding and an additional hazard associated with storm waves. No BFEs are shown within these zones.

VE or V1
through 30
Coastal area with a 1 percent or greater chance of flooding and an additional hazardassociated with storm waves. BFEs are shown at selected intervals.

B, C, X Zones considered having moderate to low risk of flooding, although flood insurance is available to property owners and renters in communities that participate in the NFIP.

D Area with possible but undetermined flood hazards, where no flood hazard analysis has been conducted.

FEMA also conducted a Flood Insurance Study and determined that the following areas have the potential to flood.

County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 266 | Section 5
Table 35: Flood Insurance Study Areas
Water Source Studied Water Source Studied Water Source Studied Acacia Creek Drain Lincoln Avenue Drain Sheet Flow along Ocotillo Road Alessandro Wash Little Morongo Wash Smith Creek All American Canal Long Canyon Wash Smith Creek West Tributary Arlington Canal Macomber Palms Channel South Norco Arenas Canyon Creek Magnesia Falls Road South Norco Tributary A Arenas Canyon Creek Tributary Magnesia Springs Channel South Norco Tributary B Arroyo Del Toro Main Street Drain Spring Brook Bear Creek Mangular Channel Spring Brook Wash Beaumont Channel Marshall Creek Stetson Ave Channel Bedford Canyon Wash McVicker Canyon Wash Stovepipe Canyon Creek Big Morongo Wash Metz Road Basin Stream A (Vicinity of Desert Hit Springs) Biskra Palms Channel Mirage Indian Trail Wash Sun City Channel A-A Blind Canyon Channel Mission Creek Sun City Channel C-C Bly Channel Mockingbird Canyon Wash Sun City Channel H-H Box Springs Wash Montgomery Creek Sun City Channel X-X Calimesa Channel Mountain Avenue Wash Sun City Southeast Tributary Carrizo Alluvial Fan Murrieta Creek Sunny Slope Channel Channel B North Cathedral Channel Sunnymead Storm Channel Channel C North Norco Channel Tahquitz Creek Channel H North Norco Channel Tributary A Taylor Avenue Drain Cherry Avenue Channel North Norco Channel Tributary B Temecula Creek Chino Canyon Creek North Norco Channel Tributary C Temescal Wash Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel North Palm Springs Wash Tequesquite Arroyo County Club Creek and North Tributary North Side Wolf Valley Creek The Veldt Day Creek Santa Ana River Oak Street Channel Third Street Basin Dead Indian Alluvial Fan Ocotillo Drive Wash Thousand Palms Canyon Wash Deep Canyon Alluvial Fan Orange Lateral Thousand Palms Main Channel Deep Canyon Storm Water Channel Ortega Wash Thousand Palms Tributary A Desert Hot Springs Channel Ortega Channel Thousand Palms Tributary B Dunes View Road Channel Palm Canyon Wash Thousand Palms Tributary C Dry Morongo Wash Palm Valley Drain Thunderbird Wash East Cathedral Channel Paloma Valley Channel Tramview Wash East Gilman Home Channel Park Hill Drain Tramview Wash Tributary East Rancho Mirage Storm Channel Pechanga Creek University Wash Edgemont A Perris Valley Storm Drain Warm Spring Creek Edgemont B Pigeon Pass Channel Wash G El Cerrito Channel Prenda Wash Wash I Elsinore Spillway Channel Pushwalla Canyon Wash Wasson Canyon Creek Garden Air Gold Course Wash Pyrite Wash West Cathedral Channel Gilman Home Channel Rache Channel West Norco Channel Harrison Wash Ramsey Street Drain West Pershing Channel Hemet Storm Channel Rice Canyon Wash Whitewater River Highland Springs Channel Salt Creek Whitewater River (C.V.S.C) Interstate-10 Wash Salt Creek Tributary Whittier Avenue Channel Kalmia Street Wash Salt Creek Overflow Woodcrest Wash Lake Elsinore San Gorgonio River Unnamed Stream A Lakeland Village Channel San Jacinto River Unnamed Stream B Lakeview Wash San Jacinto Lateral Unnamed Street C Leach Canyon Channel San Sevaine Channel 1001 Ranch Drain Lime Street Channel Santa Ava River 1001 Ranch Drain West Tributary

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 267 | Section 5DWR Awareness Floodplain Mapping The intent of the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) AwarenessFloodplain Mapping project was to identify all pertinent flood hazard areas by 2015 for areas that are not mapped under the FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and to provide the community and residents an additional tool in understanding potential flood hazards currently not mapped as a regulated floodplain. The awareness mapsidentify the 100-year flood hazard areas using approximate assessment procedures.

These floodplains are shown as flood-prone areas without specific depths and other flood hazard data. Awareness Floodplain Maps were incorporated into County Ordinance 458 in 2008. The maps that were originally adopted are available on the DWR website. DWR will not be modifying these maps since it was a one-time project. As development occurs and the floodplains change due to channelization, the floodplain limits of the Awareness floodplains are being updated by Riverside County Flood Control (RCFC) and will bereflected on the RCFC interactive maps found at:
https://content.rcflood.org/floodplainmap/
California Department of Water Resources Awareness Floodplain Maps can be found at https://gis.bam.water.ca.gov/bam/ County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 268 | Section 5Map 5: FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map Map Current as of December 2022

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 269 | Section 5Map 28: DWR Awareness Floodplain Map Map Current as of December 2022 County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 270 | Section 5Map 6: Local Studies Floodplain Map Map Current as of December 2022

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 271 | Section 5Leveraging Technology As technology progresses, Riverside County Flood Control continues to utilize thisgrowing field to help better assist during large storm events that threaten the community. A few items that we have implemented and continue to implement is the use of gateautomation and telemetry for our dams and outlet structures. This data provides real time information about storage and ponding volume behind our dams. We can also manage flow from our outlet structure to prevent inundation to the downstream system.Additionally, the District has installed high resolution cameras that operate with solarpower to remotely monitor high debris yielding watersheds. Another area of technology Riverside County Flood Control continues to take advantage of is the use of aerialmapping via drones to quickly produce burn scar topographic mapping within days of a fire containment. This mapping is vital when calculating theoretical debris yields from a burn scar. Additionally, we can use topographic mapping to identify structures that could be susceptible to debris flows. Risk Assessment As stated in the State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, Riverside County has 34 state-proclaimed flood emergencies and 15 federally declared flood disasters 27 declared flood disasters from the period of 1950 – December 2018. The State’s plan also shows Riverside County has a population of 295,081 living within FIRM-Designated Floodplains (based on 2000 Census Data). According to the 2020 Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Unincorporated Area of Riverside County Report, the number of residents living in the unincorporated area has increased to 385,386. Source: https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/unincorporated-riversidecounty-he-0421.pdf?1620756635 In 2017 HAZUS was used to generate general building stock and essential facility loss estimates for three different floods in the County – a 1 percent annual chance flood event (100-year flood) with the existing certified levee system in the County intact, a 1 percent annual chance flood event without consideration of these levees, and a 500-year (0.2% chance per year) flood. Flood hazard data from DFIRM maps available at FEMA’s Map Service Center were used to develop the flood scenarios. During the 2023 update, the MJLHMP Planning team did not have the capability to run additional scenarios through HAZUS or leverage the FEMA HAZUS library to furtherassess alternative scenario impacts. Upon review of the existing scenarios, the team County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 272 | Section 5
determined to keep the established scenarios in this plan to understand and re-assess the current impacts flooring may present as it is the most recent and comprehensivescenario available to the planning team. Additionally, alternative resources were utilized to further understand the impacts from major flooding. Resources used included:
 The FEMA National Risk Index website  The Riverside County General Plan Safety Element  Inland Southern California Climate Collaborative  Riverside County Flood Control Department Representatives.

Table 36: Summary of HAZUS – Estimated Impacts on Riverside County for Three Flood Scenarios Impact Category 100-Year 100-Year w/o Levee 500-Year
Economic Loss due to
Building Damage, Total
Building-related Direct
$0.81 B
$1.7 B
$2.3 B$4.9 B
$3.6 B$7.8 B
# Buildings in Complete
Damage State 1,356 3,655 6,262
Debris Generated
(Million tons) 0.20 0.50 0.78
Displaced Households,
People Needing
Short- term Shelter
16,896 41,846
79,078
223,787
125,887 357,092
# Highway Bridges with at
least Moderate Damage
(potentially closed)
0 (of 4 damaged) 0 (of 4 damaged) 0 (of 4 damaged)