Hemet City Council
June 9, 2026

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 265 | S e c t i o n 5
Table 34: FIRM Flood Zones Table 34: FIRM Flood Zones
Zone Description A Area with a 1 percent annual chance of flooding. No depths or Base Flood Elevations (BFEs) are shown.

AE Base floodplain whereBFEs are provided. AE Zones are now used on digital FIRMs instead ofA1 -A30 Zones.

A1 through 30 Known as numberedA Zones, these are the base floodplains in the oldFIRM format where aBFE is shown.

AH Area witha1 percent annual chance of shallow flooding withan average depth ranging from 1 to 3 feet.BFEs are shown at selected intervals.

AO River or stream flood ha
zard area, orarea with a1 percent or greaterchance of shallow flooding each year, usually in theform ofsheet flow with an averagedepth ranging from 1 to 3feet. Average flooddepths derivedfrom detailed analyses are shown.

AR Area witha temporarily increased flood risk due to the building or restoration ofa flood control system (such as a levee or a dam).

A99 Area with a 1 percent annual chance of flooding protectedbya federal flood controlsystem where construction has reached specified legal requirements. Nodepths or BFEs are shown.

V Coastal area witha1 percent or greater chance of floodingandan additionalhazard associated with storm waves. No BFEs are shown within these zones.

VE or V1
through 30
Coastal area witha1 percent or greater chance of floodingandan additionalhazard associated with storm waves. BFEs are shownat selected intervals.

B, C, X Zones considered having
moderate to low risk of flooding, although flood insurance is available to property owners and renters in communities that participate in the NFIP.

D Area with possible but
undetermined flood hazards, where no flood hazard analysishas been conducted.

FEMA also conducted a Flood Insurance Study and determined that the following areas have the potential to flood.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 266 | S e c t i o n 5
Table 35: Flood Insurance Study Areas
Water Source Studied Water Source Studied Water Source Studied Acacia Creek Drain Lincoln Avenue Drain Sheet Flow along Ocotillo Road Alessandro Wash Little Morongo Wash Smith Creek
All American Canal Long Canyon Wash Smith Creek West Tributary Arlington Canal Macomber Palms Channel South Norco
Arenas Canyon Creek Magnesia Falls Road South Norco Tributary A Arenas Canyon Creek Tributary Magnesia Springs Channel South Norco Tributary B Arroyo Del Toro Main Street Drain Spring Brook
Bear Creek Mangular Channel Spring Brook Wash
Beaumont Channel Marshall Creek Stetson Ave Channel
Bedford Canyon Wash McVicker Canyon Wash Stovepipe Canyon Creek Big Morongo Wash Metz Road Basin Stream A (Vicinity of Desert Hit Springs) Biskra Palms Channel Mirage Indian Trail Wash Sun City Channel A-A Blind Canyon Channel Mission Creek Sun City Channel C-C Bly Channel Mockingbird Canyon Wash Sun City Channel H-H Box Springs Wash Montgomery Creek Sun City Channel X-X
Calimesa Channel Mountain Avenue Wash Sun City Southeast Tributary Carrizo Alluvial Fan Murrieta Creek Sunny Slope Channel Channel B North Cathedral Channel Sunnymead Storm Channel Channel C North Norco Channel Tahquitz Creek
Channel H North Norco Channel Tributary A Taylor Avenue Drain Cherry Avenue Channel North Norco Channel Tributary B Temecula Creek Chino Canyon Creek North Norco Channel Tributary C Temescal Wash Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel North Palm Springs Wash Tequesquite Arroyo County Club Creek and North Tributary North Side Wolf Valley Creek The Veldt Day Creek Santa Ana River Oak Street Channel Third Street Basin Dead Indian Alluvial Fan Ocotillo Drive Wash Thousand Palms Canyon Wash Deep Canyon Alluvial Fan Orange Lateral Thousand Palms Main Channel Deep Canyon Storm Water Channel Ortega Wash Thousand Palms Tributary A Desert Hot Springs Channel Ortega Channel Thousand Palms Tributary B Dunes View Road Channel Palm Canyon Wash Thousand Palms Tributary C Dry Morongo Wash Palm Valley Drain Thunderbird Wash
East Cathedral Channel Paloma Valley Channel Tramview Wash East Gilman Home Channel Park Hill Drain Tramview Wash Tributary East Rancho Mirage Storm Channel Pechanga Creek University Wash Edgemont A Perris Valley Storm Drain Warm Spring Creek
Edgemont B Pigeon Pass Channel Wash G
El Cerrito Channel Prenda Wash Wash I
Elsinore Spillway Channel Pushwalla Canyon Wash Wasson Canyon Creek Garden Air Gold Course Wash Pyrite Wash West Cathedral Channel Gilman Home Channel Rache Channel West Norco Channel
Harrison Wash Ramsey Street Drain West Pershing Channel Hemet Storm Channel Rice Canyon Wash Whitewater River
Highland Springs Channel Salt Creek Whitewater River (C.V.S.C) Interstate-10 Wash Salt Creek Tributary Whittier Avenue Channel Kalmia Street Wash Salt Creek Overflow Woodcrest Wash
Lake Elsinore San Gorgonio River Unnamed Stream A
Lakeland Village Channel San Jacinto River Unnamed Stream B Lakeview Wash San Jacinto Lateral Unnamed Street C
Leach Canyon Channel San Sevaine Channel 1001 Ranch Drain Lime Street Channel Santa Ava River 1001 Ranch Drain West Tributary

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 267 | S e c t i o n 5
DWR Awareness Floodplain Mapping
The intent of the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Awareness Floodplain Mapping project was to identify all pertinent flood hazard areas by 2015 for areas that are not mapped under the FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and to provide the community and residents an additional tool in understanding potential flood hazards currently not mapped as a regulated floodplain. The awareness maps identify the 100‐year flood hazard areas using approximate assessment procedures.

These floodplains are shown as flood‐prone areas without specific depths and other flood hazard data. Awareness Floodplain Maps were incorporated into County Ordinance 458 in 2008.

The maps that were originally adopted are available on the DWR website. DWR will not be modifying these maps since it was a one-time project. As development occurs and the floodplains change due to channelization, the floodplain limits of the Awareness floodplains are being updated by Riverside County Flood Control (RCFC) and will be reflected on the RCFC interactive maps found at:
https://content.rcflood.org/floodplainmap/
California Department of Water Resources Awareness Floodplain Maps can be found at https://gis.bam.water.ca.gov/bam/
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 268 | S e c t i o n 5
Map 5: FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map
Map Current as of December 2022

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 269 | S e c t i o n 5
Map 28: DWR Awareness Floodplain Map
Map Current as of December 2022
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 270 | S e c t i o n 5
Map 6: Local Studies Floodplain Map
Map Current as of December 2022

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 271 | S e c t i o n 5
Leveraging Technology
As technology progresses, Riverside County Flood Control continues to utilize this growing field to help better assist during large storm events that threaten the community.

A few items that we have implemented and continue to implement is the use of gate automation and telemetry for our dams and outlet structures. This data provides real time information about storage and ponding volume behind our dams. We can also manage flow from our outlet structure to prevent inundation to the downstream system.

Additionally, the District has installed high resolution cameras that operate with solar power to remotely monitor high debris yielding watersheds. Another area of technology Riverside County Flood Control continues to take advantage of is the use of aerial mapping via drones to quickly produce burn scar topographic mapping within days of a fire containment. This mapping is vital when calculating theoretical debris yields from a burn scar. Additionally, we can use topographic mapping to identify structures that could be susceptible to debris flows.

Risk Assessment
As stated in the State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, Riverside County has 34 state-proclaimed flood emergencies and 15 federally declared flood disasters 27 declared flood disasters from the period of 1950 – December 2018. The State’s plan also shows Riverside County has a population of 295,081 living within FIRM-Designated Floodplains (based on 2000 Census Data). According to the 2020 Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Unincorporated Area of Riverside County Report, the number of residents living in the unincorporated area has increased to 385,386.

Source: https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/unincorporated-riverside- county-he-0421.pdf?1620756635
In 2017 HAZUS was used to generate general building stock and essential facility loss estimates for three different floods in the County – a 1 percent annual chance flood event (100-year flood) with the existing certified levee system in the County intact, a 1 percent annual chance flood event without consideration of these levees, and a 500-year (0.2% chance per year) flood. Flood hazard data from DFIRM maps available at FEMA’s Map Service Center were used to develop the flood scenarios.

During the 2023 update, the MJLHMP Planning team did not have the capability to run additional scenarios through HAZUS or leverage the FEMA HAZUS library to further assess alternative scenario impacts. Upon review of the existing scenarios, the team County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 272 | S e c t i o n 5
determined to keep the established scenarios in this plan to understand and re-assess the current impacts flooring may present as it is the most recent and comprehensive scenario available to the planning team. Additionally, alternative resources were utilized to further understand the impacts from major flooding. Resources used included: • The FEMA National Risk Index website • The Riverside County General Plan Safety Element • Inland Southern California Climate Collaborative • Riverside County Flood Control Department Representatives.

Table 36: Summary of HAZUS – Estimated Impacts on Riverside County for Three Flood Scenarios
Impact Category 100-Year 100
-Year w/o
Levee 500
-Year
Economic Loss due to
Building Damage, Total
Building-related Direct
Economic Loss
$0.81B
$1.7B
$2.3B
$4.9B
$3.6B
$7.8B
# Buildings in Complete
Damage State 1,356 3,655 6,262
Debris Generated (Million tons) 0.20 0.50 0.78
DisplacedHouseholds,
People Needing
Short- term Shelter
16,896
41,846
79,078
223,787
125,887
357,092
# Highway Bridgeswith at
least Moderate Damage
(potentially closed)
0 (of4 damaged)0 (of4 damaged)0 (of4 damaged)

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 273 | S e c t i o n 5
Table 37: Summary of HAZUS – Estimated Impacts for Riverside County Essential Facilities in Three Flood Scenarios
Essential
Facility
Category 100
-Year 100-Year w/o Levee 500-Year
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Hospitals* Medium0 $0 540 $0 540 $0
Large0 $0 540 $0 360-540 $0
SchoolsK-12 (default data) 480 $115 480 $865 480 $2,232 K-12 (providing data) 360-720 $12,482 360-720 $38,838 360-720 $66,911 CCD (providing data)0 $0 360-480 $6,285 360-480 $6,285
EOCs0 $0 480 $560 360-480 $5,113
Police
Stations
480 $0 360-480 $0 360-480 $796
Fire Stations 480 $692 360-480 $692 360-630 $1,994
TOTALS 360-720 $13,289 360-720 $47,240 360-720 $83,331
*Note: In Riverside County, there are no hospitals which would be categorized by HAZUS as “Small” (<50 licensed acute care beds)
Vulnerability Assessment: • Effects on People and Housing: Of the approximately 647,000 buildings modeled within the general building stock for Riverside County, about 1 percent (6,262) are expected to suffer “complete” damage in the 0.2 percent annual chance flood event (500-year flood) scenario. These building would be considered “red- tagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy. About 94 percent of the 6,262 buildings are manufactured housing (i.e., mobile homes). Approximately 43,000 buildings (6.6%) are expected to suffer more than 20 percent damage or more while about 18,000 buildings are estimated to suffer flood damage of less than 20 percent. As much as 0.78 million tons of debris may result from these damaged County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 274 | S e c t i o n 5
buildings – 21 percent is expected to be heavy debris (concrete and steel), requiring heavy equipment to break down and remove, while 79 percent is expected to be light debris (wood, brick, drywall and other debris).

Damage to single family and multi-family dwellings is expected to result in the displacement of almost 126,000 households. While many of the displaced may find shelter with friends and family, or in available hotels, as many as 357,000 people are expected to seek short-term public shelter. This large number of people would likely overwhelm the emergency sheltering capacity of the county. The displaced populace should be able to move to safe locations without too much difficulty.

While four (4) bridges in the county’s transportation system are expected to suffer minor flood damage, the bridges are expected to remain functional. Extended impacts as described in the scenarios presented could negatively impact the public’s confidence in the OA’s governance during and after a major incident. • Essential Facility Impacts: Table 36 provides an overview of essential facility performance in the 0.2 percent annual chance flood event (500-year flood) with levees scenario. The table lists the number of essential facility sites and buildings (these numbers will differ for multi-building campuses, such as schools and hospitals). The table also provides the total building replacement value, and the number of buildings for which value data was available. As can be seen in the table, replacement cost data for hospitals was generally not available, unlike most other essential facility types. Expected building damage in this flooding event ranges from 0 percent damage for numerous essential facility types with some, but minimal, flooding, to as much as 7.1 percent mean damage for one school district. The total economic loss for essential facilities has been estimated to reach about $83 million, almost 91 percent of which ($75 million) will occur in schools and about 6 percent of which will occur in EOCs ($5.1 million). It should be noted that no hospital losses were estimated since all hospitals impacted by this flooding scenario did not provide replacement value data. (The full economic impact on hospitals can’t be estimated at this time because of the lack of comprehensive replacement value data).

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 275 | S e c t i o n 5
Table 38: Riverside County Essential Facilities Loss Estimates – 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario
Essential
Facility Category
No. of
Facilitie
s/Sites
No. of
Buildings
No. of
Beds
Replacement
Cost ($1,000)
# Buildings
w/
replacement
cost data
# Non-
Functional
Buildings
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Hospitals*
Medium8 28 793 $162,827 210 540 $0
Large8 49 2,467 $200,792 100 360-540 $0
Schools
K-12
(default
data)
152 152 $219,600 152 31 480 $2,232
K-12
(providing
data)
689 9,981 $6,049,534 9,213 1,111 360-720 $66,911
CCD
(providing
data)
12 258 $356,708 257 92 360-480 $6,285
EOCs 43 43 $310,273 434 360-480 $5,113
Police
Stations 51 51 $675,299 48
2 360-480 $796
Fire
Stations 156 156 $366,493 156
8 360-630 $1,994
TOTALS 1,119 10,718 3,260 $8,341,525 9,900 1,248 360-720 $83,331 Note: In Riverside County, there are no hospitalswhichwould be categorized by HAZUS as “Small” (<50 licensed acute care beds)
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 276 | S e c t i o n 5
Table 39: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County Fire Stations in a 1 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario
Agency
Number of
Buildings
Replacement Cost
($1,000)
# Buildings w/
replacement cost
data
No. NonFunctional
Buildings
Restoration Time
(Days)
Mean Building
Damage
Economic Loss
($1,000)
Cathedral City FD
3 $10,50030 360-480 0.0% $0
Corona FD
7 $23,17072 480 7.0% $385
Hemet FD
5 $15,36051 480-630 6.2% $604
Murrieta FD
4 $9,530400 0.0% $0
Norco FD
2 $4,75020 480 0.0% $0
Palm Springs FD
5 $6,11550 360-480 0.0% $0
Pechanga FD
2 $5,430200 0.0% $0
Riverside County FD 95 $249,411 95
3 360-480 1.0% $740
Riverside FD 17 $11,875 17
1 480 4.5% $60
Other Agencies
4 $10,600400 0.0% $0
USFS 12 $19,752 12
1 480 4.4% $205
TOTALS 156 $366,493 156
8 360-630 2.
9% $1,994

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 277 | S e c t i o n 5
Table 40: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County EOCs in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood (Levees Intact) Scenario
County
No. of
Buildings
Replacement
Cost ($1,000)
No. Non-
Functional
Buildings
Restoration
Time (Days)
Mean
Damage
Economic Loss
($1,000)
Riverside 43 $310,2734 360-480 1.7% $5,113
Table 41: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County Police Facilities in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood (Levees Intact) Scenario
Agency
Number of
Buildings
Replacement
Cost ($1,000)
# Non-
Functional
Buildings
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Mean
Damage
Economic
Loss ($1,000)
Riverside County
Sheriff 30 $491,973
2 360-480 1.2% $796
Other
Agencies
21 $183,3260 360-480 0.0% $0
TOTALS 51 $675,2992 360-480 0.2% $796
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 278 | S e c t i o n 5
Table 42: Estimated Impacts on Riverside School Districts in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario
Category District Name
Number of
Facilities/ Sites*
No. of Buildings
Replacement Cost
($1,000)
# Buildings w/
replacement cost
data
# Non-Functional
Buildings
Restoration Time
(Days)
Mean Damage
Economic Loss
($1,000)
K-12 (default data) 151 152 $219,600 152 31 480 5.2% $2,232 K-12 (providing data)
Alvord USD 26 525 $274,026 5258 360-480 1.4% $583
Banning USD 11 186 $92,169 180 30 360-480 2.7% $892
Beaumont USD 20 209 $179,231 208 36 360-480 4.7% $6,424 Coachella Valley USD 30 707 $271,777 691 128 360-480 2.3% $4,392 Corona-Norco USD 49 855 $718,384 855 128 360-480 2.
0% $6,792
Desert Center USD2 25 $13,438 2500 0.
0% $0
Desert Sands USD 33 681 $519,732 655 212 360-480 2.
0% $16,475
Hemet USD 29 621 $294,809 620 81 360-480 2.
0% $5,681
Jurupa USD 29 547 $285,015 5478 360-480 1.
3% $330
Lake Elsinore USD 29 539 $00 116 360-720 7.
1% $0
Menifee Union SD 13 213 $116,628 21100 0.
0% $0
Moreno Valley USD 36 639 $361,250 639 31 480 6.
0% $1,451
Murrieta Valley USD 18 470 $299,250 47000 0.
0% $0
Nuview Union SD5 79 $38,186 797 360-480 1.
2% $901
Palm Springs USD 31 493 $414,806 492 150 360-360 3.
3% $7,922
Palo Verde USD9 121 $83,907 12100 0.
0% $0
Perris SD 12 175 $98,885 174 13 360-480 3.
1% $1,315
Perris Union High SD 13 226 $202,431 221 12 360-480 2.
6% $5,405
Riverside Co Office of 167 326 $149,923 159 66 360-480 4. 4% $2,013
Riverside USD 47 1,015 $497,272 1,015 22 360-480 1.
8% $941
Romoland SD5 63 $46,793 6300 0.
0% $0
San Jacinto USD 16 213 $130,375 213 62 360-480 1.
6% $5,380
San Jacinto Valley1 13 $1,105 131 360-480 0.
4% $14
Temecula Valley USD 32 643 $548,085 64200 0.
0% $0
Val Verde USD 25 386 $388,179 38400 0.
0% $0
Yucaipa-Calimesa1 11 $23,878 1100 0.0% $0
CCD (providing
data)
Desert CCD1 75 $84,687 74 62 360-480 4.
1% $4,130
Mt. San Jacinto CCD2 73 $96,439 73 30 360-480 4.
5% $2,155
Palo Verde CCD5 12 $37,440 1200 0.
0% $0
Riverside CCD4 98 $138,142 9800 0.
0% $0
TOTALS 852 10,39 $6,625,842 9,622 1,234 360-720 3.3% $75,428

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 279 | S e c t i o n 5
Table 43: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County Hospitals in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario
Hospital
Size20
Supervisorial
District
No. of Hospital Sites
Number of
Buildings
Number of
Licensed Beds
Replacement Cost
($1,000)
No. Buildings w/
replacement cost
data
# Non-Functional
Buildings
Restoration Time
(Days)
Mean Damage
Economic Loss
($1,000)
Medium
1st
17 122 $36,575700 0.0% $0
Large
25 406 $000 360-540 0.0%
$0
Medium
2nd
0 Large
28 533 $0000 0.0% $0
Medium
3rd
35 297 $98,00050 540 0.0% $0
Large
1 10 433 $200,792 1000 0.0% $0
Medium
4th
2 11 196 $7,47450 540 0.0% $0
Large
2 25 656 $000 540 0.0% $0
Medium
5th
25 178 $20,778400 0.0% $0
Large
11 439 $0000 0.0% $0
TOTALS 16 77 3,260 $363,619 310 360-540 0.0% $0
Note: In Riverside County, there are no hospitalswhichwould be categorized by HAZUS as “Small” (<50 Licensed a
cute care beds)
Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 280 | S e c t i o n5
• Effects on Infrastructure: A slow-rising flood situation will progressthrough a series of stages, beginning with minor rainfalland evolving toa major event such as substantial flooding. Once flooding begins, personnel will be needed toassist in rescuing persons trapped by floodwaters, securing utilities, cordoning off flood areas, and controlling traffic.These actions may overtax local agencies, and additional personneland resources may berequired. It is anticipatedthat existing mutual aid resourceswould be used as necessary to augment localresources.

Many essential publicand quasi-public facilitiesand hazardous materials sites are located within the 100-or 500-year flood zonesof Riverside County. As of the writing ofthe Safety Element of the County’sGeneral Plan,these included 14 of the County's 39 airports;4 of 18 hospitals; 47 of 109 policestations, fire stations, and emergency operationcenters; 92 of 380 schools; 446 of 1,306 highway bridges; and 695 of 1,978 hazardous materials si
tes.
• Effects on Agriculture & the Environment: As the historical events in Riverside County show, effects on agriculture can bedevastating. Flooding can damage crops, livestock, and dairy stock. Inaddition to the obvious impacts on animals and crops, flooding can have deleterious effects on soil and theability to reinvigorate theagriculturalactivities affected once the flood waters recede. The environment and its fauna could be washed away if residing within the listed scenarios. The return of the ecosystems that inhabit those areas would take months to years to return to pre-disaster levels.
• Climate Change and Flooding: Floods are among the most damaging natural hazards in unincorporated Riverside County, and climate change is expected to make flood events worse. Although climate change may not change average precipitation levels significantly, scientists expect that it will cause more years with extreme precipitation events. This means that more years are likely to see particularly intense storm systems that drop enough precipitation over a short enough period to cause flooding. Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts that cause soil to dry out and become hard.

When precipitation does return, more water runs off the surface rather than being absorbed into the ground, which can lead to floods. Some recent studies indicate that atmospheric rivers may strengthen as a result of climate change. This is expected to lead to an increase in the number of storms caused by atmospheric rivers (Dettinger 2018; Gershon et al. 2013). Additionally, there is some indication that the most powerful

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 281 | S e c t i o n5
atmospheric river storms will increase in intensity (Dettinger, Das, and Cayan, n.d.). • Source:
https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_0928

21.pdf
• Source 2: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-Riverside- Adaptation-and-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-Assessment Risk Assessment Conclusion
Floodingdue to heavyprecipitation or dam failure isa potential hazard in Riverside County, with the resultant possibilities for damage to property and lossof life. Severe flooding can be particularly costly. Ina relative sense, flooding due toprecipitationdoes not presentthe degree of danger posed by other hazardssuch as major earthquakes. If there is flooding due to dam failure, thedanger could be cataclysmic.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Fire can breakout because of dysfunctional electrical goods. Hazardous materials can also get into floodways, causing health concernsand pollutedwater supplies.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
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5.3.10 Civil Disorder
Severity: 3
Probability: 2
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Civil Disorder ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County Hazard Definition
Civil disorder or unrest is usually triggered by dramatic political or social events. Every major metropolitan area in California has experienced and is at risk for, civil disorder. The most significant civil unrest incident in the State was the 1992 Los Angeles Civil Disturbance that resulted in 53 deaths, over 2,300 injuries and over $800 million in damages. This event also precipitated simultaneous, but smaller, incidents throughout California and the country.

Civil disorder is an incident intended to disrupt community affairs and threaten the public safety. Civil disorder includes riots, mob violence, and any unlawful demonstration resulting in police intervention and arrests. Civil Unrest is generally associated with controversial political, judicial, and/or economic issues and events.

History
Riverside County is not a place where there has been a lot of historic civil disturbance events of noticeable magnitude. There are locations within Riverside County where large public gatherings take place. These locations have the potential for unstable conditions, possibly affecting the ability of a jurisdiction in the County to provide sufficient law enforcement and fire protective services.

History of Significant Events:

June 1-20, 2020 – George Floyd Protest-protest against police brutality July 2020– Roe v Wade protest
2017- Protest President Trump and rally for Woman’s Rights 2016- Protest Donald Trump at UC Riverside and rallies supporting Donald Trump in Temecula

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
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2012 – Rallies against violent crimes at the Riverside Public Library and Union Strikes at Riverside County.
2011– Protests
2004- A demonstration at county administrative buildings that were part of a nationwide protest sponsored by the American Family Rights Association.

Risk Assessment
During a Civil Unrest incident that affects Riverside County, there are certain critical facilities within the County that may be more at risk than others. These critical facilities include venues for musical concerts and sporting events, facilities where legal and illegal demonstrations are held, and any other facilities with events that attract large numbers of people. All of these situations create significant traffic congestion and the potential for disruptive behavior.
• Effects on people and housing. The effects of a Civil Unrest are varied and usually based on the type, severity, scope, and duration of the disturbance. Effects may include illegal assemblies, injuries, and even loss of life. • Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Effects may include traffic congestion or gridlock, illegal assemblies, disruption of utility service, and property damage.
• Effects on infrastructure.Effects may include traffic congestion or gridlock, disruption of utility service, and property damage.
• Effects on agriculture. Effects may include traffic congestion or gridlock, disruption of goods transportation services, and property damage.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
The overall risk of civil unrest in Riverside County is low, however, this is based on the political community environment which can change drastically due to significant social or political events occurring worldwide.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Civil Unrest may lead to a fire, destruction of property, disruption of power, injury to persons, and even loss of life. The potential to affect public safety response to other public safety calls.

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5.3.11 Drought
Severity: 3
Probability: 3
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Drought ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
A drought is a long period of extremely dry weather when there is not enough rain for the successful growing of crops or the replenishment of water supplies.

Drought is a gradual phenomenon. Normally, one dry year does not constitute a drought in California but rather serves as a reminder of the need to plan for droughts. California's extensive system of water supply infrastructure (reservoirs, groundwater basins, and interregional conveyance facilities) generally mitigates the effects of short-term dry periods for most water users.

Drought can have secondary impacts. For example, drought is a major determinant of wildfire hazard, in that it creates greater propensity for fire starts and larger, more prolonged conflagrations fueled by excessively dry vegetation, along with reduced water supply for firefighting purposes. Drought is also an economic hazard. Significant economic impacts on California’s agriculture industry can occur as a result of short- and long-term drought conditions; these include hardships to farmers, farm workers, packers, and shippers of agricultural products. In some cases, droughts can also cause significant increases in food prices to the consumer due to shortages.

Past experience with California droughts tells us that drought impacts are felt first by those most dependent on or affected by annual rainfall – agencies fighting forest fires, ranchers engaged in dryland grazing, rural residents relying on wells in low yield rock formations, or small water systems lacking a reliable water source.

The driest single year in California's measured hydrologic history is 1977. 1977 was characterized as a "year with no water," but 2020-2021 was a "hotter year with no water," because of the combination of low precipitation with extremely high temperatures.

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California Water Resources noted that the dry year is part of a larger California drought trend that has spanned the past three years. In May 2021, Governor Gavin Newsom expanded the state's drought emergency to cover 30 percent of the population, citing extreme "water shortages." Climate scientists studying California weather patterns find that drought conditions are likely to become more frequent and persistent over the 21st century due to climate change. The experiences of California during recent years underscore the need to examine more closely the state’s water storage, distribution, management, conservation, and use policies.

California Water Conservation Efforts as of 2022:

In April 2021, Governor Newsom signed an emergency proclamation directing state agencies to take immediate action to bolster drought resilience across the state and declaring a State of Emergency in several counties due to severe drought conditions. In October 2021, following the second driest year on record and with near record low storage in California’s largest reservoirs, Governor Gavin Newsom issued a proclamation extending the drought emergency statewide and further urging Californians to step up their water conservation efforts as the western U.S. faces a potential third dry year. The proclamation requires local water suppliers to implement water shortage contingency plans that are responsive to local conditions and prepare for the possibility of a third dry year. An executive order was signed in March 2022, the Governor ordered the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) to evaluate the adoption of regulations banning irrigation of “non-functional” turf (or grass), such as decorative grass adjacent to large industrial and commercial buildings. The ban would not include residential lawns or grass used for recreation, such as school fields, sports fields, and parks. The Department of Water Resources estimates this ban alone will result in potential water savings of several hundred thousand acre-feet. An acre-foot of water serves the needs of approximately three households for a year. To further conserve water and strengthen drought resiliency, Governor Newsom is encouraging suppliers, where appropriate, to consider going above and beyond the Level 2 of their water shortage contingency plans, activating more ambitious measures. The Governor has also ordered state agencies to submit funding proposals to support the state’s short- and long-term drought response, including emergency assistance to communities and households facing drought-related water shortages, facilitating groundwater recharge and wastewater recycling, improvements in water use efficiency, protecting fish and wildlife, and minimizing drought-related economic disruption. Five levels of drought response are identified. These range from Level 1, representing an: Abnormally Dry period (calling for raising awareness), to Level 3, a Severe Drought (requiring mandatory conservation in some communities and emergency Riverside Operational Area
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actions), to Level 5, an Exceptional Drought (water supplies may be cut off and maximum response). A Governor’s emergency drought proclamation may be initiated at Level 3.

Drought can be defined according to meteorological, hydrological, or agricultural criteria.

Meteorological drought is usually based on long-term precipitation departures from normal, but there is no consensus regarding the threshold of the deficit or the minimum duration of the lack of precipitation that makes a dry spell an official drought.

Hydrological drought refers to deficiencies in surface and subsurface water supplies. It is measured as stream flow, as well as lake, reservoir, and ground water levels.

Agricultural drought occurs when there is insufficient soil moisture to meet the needs of a particular crop at a particular time. A deficit of rainfall over cropped areas during critical periods of the growth cycle can result in destroyed or underdeveloped crops with greatly depleted yields. Agricultural drought is typically evident after meteorological drought but before a hydrological drought.

Socioeconomic drought associates the supply and demand of economic goods or services with elements of meteorological, hydrologic, and agricultural drought.

Socioeconomic drought occurs when the demand for water exceeds the supply as a result of weather- related supply shortfall. This may also be called a water management drought.

History
Riverside County chronically experiences drought cycles. Drought causes stress on the County’s ability to provide water to the community. In addition, drought conditions can cause extensive weakening of trees in forested areas causing them to become highly vulnerable to disease and insect infestation. Many trees have weakened and died, creating a severe fire hazard. Furthermore, wildland brush areas were dry, presenting wildfire risk.

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Figure 25: California’s drought level the month of November 2017-2020 Figure 26: California’s drought level November 2021-2022 Riverside Operational Area
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Drought Risk Assessment
The Department of Water Resources produces a California Water Plan every five years that not only includes a statewide water budget but also regional watershed water budgets. These water budgets are based on California Department of Finance population projections and indicate clearly that demand for water will exceed supply in 2020 whether or not a drought condition exists at that time. The largest average-year shortages are forecasted for the South Coast Region, which heavily relies on imported water. Future average-year shortages in the South Coast Region reflect forecasted population growth plus lower Colorado River supplies as California reduces its use of Colorado River water to the State’s basic apportionment.

Although a drought in and of itself is not a direct threat to property and life, the impact on the County's agricultural industry and home development can be monumental. The costs to the County for the current drought in terms of fire damage and forest management have been in the millions. This is a chronic problem for Riverside County and accounts for significant indirect costs, loss of property and threat to human life.

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Drought Hazards and the relationship to climate change:

The OA contains numerous water agencies and municipal departments that supply water to customers from local and imported sources. From a local government standpoint, the mix of water agencies presentsa challenge to implementing jurisdictional water conservation strategies, as some jurisdictions have multiple providers within their boundaries, and some water suppliers function as sub-agencies to others. Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD) and Western Municipal Water District (WMWD), which account for the majority of residential and commercial water accounts in the subregion, import roughly 75 percent of their water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay Delta via the State Water Project and from the Colorado River (EMWD 2011; WMWD 2011). The imported sources rely on winter snowpack to deliver supplies year-round. Other parts of the subregion depend on groundwater resources. Aquifer recharge occurs when local rainwater percolates through the ground.

Most of the imported water used in the WRCOG subregion comes from the Sierra Nevada range. Reduced winter precipitation levels and warmer temperatures have greatly decreased the size of the Sierra Nevada snowpack (the volume of accumulated snow), which in turn makes less fresh water available for communities throughout California. An example of this change can be seen in the figure below, which shows historic and projected April snow water equivalence from 1950 to 2099.

Source: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-Riverside-Adaptation- and-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-Assessment
As seen in Figure 38, Climate Change can greatly impact the polarization of extreme wet and dry intermittent periods. When comparing November 2022 data with January 2023 data, clear distinctive extreme periods of drought or extreme weather in the form of storms can be seen and potentially can occur more frequently.

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Figure 27: April Snow Water Equivalence in the Southern Sierra 1950-2099 Source: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-Riverside-Adaptation- and-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-Assessment
• Effects on people and housing. The effects of a Drought are varied and usually based on the duration of the disturbance. Effects may impact the general public in the form of water conservation measures mandated by jurisdictions with constrained water availability. The general public’s confidence in jurisdictional governance during a drought emergency would be minimal. Drought can also cause long-term public health problems, includingshortages of drinking water and poor-quality drinking water.

Source:
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/drought/implications.htm#:~:text=Drought%20can%20 also%20cause%20long,mosquitoes%20breeding%20in%20stagnant%20water • Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Effects may include limitation and increase regulation of water use. The impact to structures is minimal.

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• Effects on infrastructure.Effects may include demand on interagency cooperation between water providers.
• Effects on agriculture & the environment. Effects may include limitation of water available for farming purposes which could impact the general tax revenue being received by jurisdictions. The environment could also have large scale impacts from extended drought periods leading to potential death of flora and fauna not acclimated to extreme drought conditions.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Drought can increase the severity of other hazards. For example, drought can lead to an increase in dead vegetation when can increase fire hazards. It can also lead to increased insect infestations.

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Figure 28: U.S Drought Monitor – California Compared - November 2022 and January 2023

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Figure 28 continued
Source: https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA Riverside Operational Area
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5.3.12 Nuclear/Radiological Incident
Severity: 5
Probability: 3
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Nuclear Incidents ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
Radiological Accidents
Radioactive materials are routinely transported in California. These materials include the medical and industrial sources described below, as well as wastes that have radioactive components. Many of the radioactive waste shipments come from research and cleanup efforts at national laboratories.

Radiological accidents that result in the release of radioactive materials may result in long‐term health risks and contamination of the state resources, including air, water supply, groundwater, and agricultural lands.

Profiling Radiological Accident Hazards
Due to strict regulation of nuclear power plants in the United States, significant nuclear power incidents that can cause harm to the public have a low probability of occurrence, and none have occurred in California. Even though the probability of a catastrophic event involving a nuclear power plant is extremely low and these plants are extremely well protected, the consequences of a severe accident or a successful terrorist attack on a nuclear power plant that results in a release of radioactive materials could be very significant.

State and local governments having jurisdiction within ten miles of an operating nuclear power plant must plan, train, and conduct emergency exercises annually in accordance with federal regulations. Detailed emergency plans are maintained by each affected agency. Four Emergency Classification Levels (ECLs) have been established in federal regulations to characterize the severity of the emergency and the response actions required. The ECLs must be used as the foundation for emergency response planning, training and exercises.

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Planning Zones
A series of zones have been established around each nuclear power plant to clearly identify the required activities in the event of an accident. Although three specific zones are identified, efforts to protect public health and safety and the environment are made without regard to whether these areas are inside or outside of these zones: 2 The Emergency Planning Zone is an approximate 10‐mile radius around the plants.

Plans for this zone are in place to protect people, property, and the environment from the effects of exposure to a radioactively contaminated plume. 3 The Ingestion Pathway Zone covers an approximate 50‐mile radius around the plant.

In this zone, plans are in place to mitigate the effects of radioactive contamination to agriculture, and food processing and distribution.

Two general situations that could affect Riverside County are:
• A situation involving nuclear weapons, which is discussed in the Terrorism section of this MJLHMP (Section 5.3.7)
• A situation involving the transportation of nuclear materials As will be discussed in the Terrorism section of this LHMP, the possibility exists that a terrorist organization might acquire the capability of creating a small nuclear detonation.

A single nuclear detonation in the United States would likely produce fallout affecting an area many times greater than that of the blast itself. There is also the possibility that a terrorist will construct a “dirty bomb”, a bomb that is used to distribute nuclear- contaminated materials. It would have less of an effect than a “traditional” nuclear bomb, but the terror effect on the population would be great.

A nuclear incident could be initiated by a transportation emergency, either accidental or intentional. See the Transportation Emergencies section of this LHMP (Section 5.3.14).

SONGS is located on the Pacific Coast in northwestern San Diego County, approximately 4 miles southeast of the City of San Clemente. Surrounding San Onofre is a Basic Emergency Planning Zone, approximately 10 miles in radius within which certain precautionary actions must be taken and specific precautionary plans must be prepared.

This zone does not include any portion of Riverside County. Beyond this zone is an area that could be affected by radioactive fallout being deposited in such a manner as to detrimentally affect the human food chain, which includes all of Riverside County. This area is identified as the Ingestion Pathway Zone. Specifically, the primary threat is that of Riverside Operational Area
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radioactive iodine 131 being deposited upon fodder consumed by dairy cows and subsequently appearing in milk in the public marketplace.

History of Events
Riverside County has not experienced a nuclear accident.

Risk Assessment
Transportation of nuclear and/or irradiated materials is of growing concern. A severe transportation incident could require the evacuation of a large number of people, major rerouting of traffic systems, and an expensive decontamination process for the area involved. Ancillary problems associated with such an incident are discussed in the sections of this LHMP dealing with Hazardous Materials and with Transportation Incidents.

Radiological Waste Transportation
Since 1989, the staff of the Energy Commission has represented California on two western state groups: the Western Governors' Association WIPP Transportation Advisory Group and the Western Interstate Energy Board's High‐Level Radioactive Waste Committee. Both groups work with the U.S. Department of Energy and other state regional groups to develop accident prevention and emergency response plans for major federal non‐classified shipments of radioactive waste. Staff also coordinates the California Nuclear Transport Working Group that develops and updates accident prevention and emergency response plans for federal shipments of transuranic waste to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico.

To mitigate disaster, federal regulations require that: • radiological materials transported by train use special packaging based on the hazard of the shipment
• there are extensive worker training and documentation • vehicle and packages of radioactive materials are inspected • The waste travels via specific, controlled routes.

More information about radiological waste transportation can be found on Cal OES’s radiological transportation website.

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A detailed discussion of radiation hazards and their effects on humans along with a description of the operation of a nuclear power generating facility and the hazards posed thereby are contained in the State of California Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Response Plan and in other documents.

The State Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Response Plan assigns to the County of Riverside responsibility for certain actions to protect the public and the environment within Riverside County from the effects of an accident. The plan also lists the support and assistance available from various State and Federal organizations. • Effects on people and housing. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating. An impact of an incident of this magnitude could greatly impact the public’s confidence in jurisdictional governance during an incident.
• Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating. • Effects on infrastructure. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating.
• Effects on agriculture & environment. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
The nearest plant to Riverside County is San Onofre, which is a three-tower facility in San Diego County. In 1992 the site retired Tower 1. Towers 2 and 3 remained operational until 2012. In March of 2015 SoCal Edison was granted permission to decommission towers 2 and 3 and permanently close the site. The estimated date for full closure of the power plan is December 31, 2031.

The County is far enough away from nuclear power plants that cataclysmic exposure is not likely. There is the possibility of Riverside County being used as a major evacuation route from a nuclear plant accident. This would tax the County’s response resources. The radiation from an accident would, of course, negatively affect the area.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Cascading effects of a nuclear incident could include contaminated water, air, and soil. It could also impact first responders and the 911 system.

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5.3.13 Extreme Weather
Severity: 3
Probability: 3
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Extreme Weather ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
Extreme weather hazards in Riverside County include: • Extreme Heat • Severe Cold • Wind Event • Fog Event • Agricultural Event Climate Change can impact weather patterns within the County. Climate changes can increase or change effects of weather. Some changes may include reduced water supply, increased temperatures, decreased precipitation and increased wildfire risks.

The National Climate Data Center(NCDC) receives Storm Data from the National Weather Service. The National Weather service receives their information from a variety of sources, which include but are not limited to county, state and federal emergency management officials, local law enforcement officials, SKYWARN spotters, NWS damage surveys, newspaper clipping services, the insurance industry and the general public.

Storm Data Disclaimer:

Storm Data is an official publication of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) which documents the occurrence of storms and other significant weather phenomena having sufficient intensity to cause loss of life, injuries, significant property damage, and/or disruption to commerce. In addition, it is a partial record of other significant meteorological events, such as record maximum or minimum temperatures or precipitation that occurs in connection with another event. Some information appearing in Storm Data may be provided by or gathered from sources outside the National Weather Service (NWS), such as the media, law enforcement and/or other government agencies,

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private companies, individuals, etc. An effort is made to use the best available information but due to time/resource constraints, information from these sources may be unverified by the NWS. Therefore, when using information from Storm Data, customers should be cautious as the NWS does not guarantee the accuracy or validity of the information.

Table 44: Storm Data (4/30/1950 to 8/31/2022)
Type # of Events Property Loss Crop Loss Deaths Injuries Drought 26 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Dust Storm 41 645K 100 K
0 77
Flood 355 195.463M 5.217M8 31
Fog 27 25K
00 21
Funnel Cloud 26
0000
Hail 30 131.5 K 10 K
0 2
High Winds 41066.186M 36.716M8 71
Lightning37279.5K17.1K16
Precipitation 25 40.400 M
0 0 26
Snow and Ice67 1.426M
0 4 102
Strong Winds 53 3.115 M 47 K
1 2
Temp Extremes 25 1.330 M 1.175 M 31 39
Thunderstorm Winds154 13.480M16K
00 Tornado26 21.537 M
00 4
Wild and Forest Fire 201 209.322M 1.247 M1 131
Totals 1,329 2.229 B 174.429 M 53 507
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Note: Figures in the chart above were gathered from NOAA’s Storm Event Database and may not be a complete listing of previous hazard occurrences.

Riverside County's weather has a history of extremes. There are essentially three weather regions in the County, each with its own type of weather and each with a different impact on the County. In some cases, the high temperatures in the desert are harmful to the public, but beneficial to agriculture. In other cases, a steady rainfall that raises the water table can be good for the County, yet too much rain will cause flooding and a disruption in the production of agricultural goods.

Average Climates across the County
The Weather Tables display the average climate for several areas across the County of Riverside. The cities included are Riverside, Idyllwild and Blythe. These cover the Desert, Mountain, and Valley Regions, and are clear examples of the weather extremes within the county.

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Table 45: Riverside Climate
Source: http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/riverside/california/united-states/usca1695 Table 46: Idyllwild Climate
Source: http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/idyllwild/california/united-states/usca0506 Riverside Operational Area
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Table 47: Blythe Climate
Source: http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/blythe/california/united-states/usca0506

5.3.13.1 Extreme Heat
Overview
Extreme heat can be described as overly hot temperatures that are sustained to the extent that human and animal overexposure can cause heat illness and death. Heat illness is a major cause of preventable morbidity in regions characterized by high ambient temperatures.

Riverside County has a wide range of temperatures, from freezing in some areas during the winter months to extremely hot temperatures for long periods of time during the summer in the deserts and other areas. Impacts happen almost annually. In September 2022, Riverside County and several other counties were threatened by rolling power outages during a period of high temperatures. The State Hazard Mitigation Plan addresses the issue of Extreme Heat Hazards, and this information has been included in this LHMP.

The figure on the next page illustrates the Heat Index (HI) as a function of heat and relative humidity. The Heat Index describes how hot the heat‐humidity combination makes the air feel. As relative humidity increases, the air seems warmer than it is because the body is less able to cool itself via evaporation of perspiration. As the Heat Index rises, so do health risks.

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Specifically: • When the Heat Index is 90°F, heat exhaustion is possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity.
• When it is 90° to 105°F, heat exhaustion is probable with the possibility of sunstroke or heat cramps with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. • When it is 105° to 129°F, sunstroke, heat cramps or heat exhaustion is likely, and heatstroke is possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. • When it is 130°F and higher, heatstroke and sunstroke are extremely likely with continued exposure. Physical activity and prolonged exposure to the heat increase the risks.

Table 48: The National Weather Service (NWS) Heat Index Source: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/heat/heat_index.shtml The National Weather Service (NWS) will initiate its Heat Index Program Alert procedures when the high temperature is expected to exceed 105° to 110° (depending on local climate) for at least two consecutive days.

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Extreme Heat and Climate Change
Climate change is expected to increase overall global temperatures (IPCC 2013). The subregion will experience this increase in average annual heat in a variety of ways, including an increased number of extreme heat days and heat waves, warmer summer evenings, and warmer average annual temperatures (CEC 2013). In addition to the direct physical threat posed by extreme heat, elevated temperatures impose air quality hazards and can increase the rate of ground-level ozone (smog) formation (EPA 2013). The number of extreme heat days is projected to rise through 2050, where the average year could include 15 extreme heat dates, and 30 extreme heat days per year by 2099 (CEC 2019).

Figure 29: Historic and Projected Extreme Heat Days, 1950 to 2099 Additional data from the Cal-Adapt database also helps to further this profile of potential increasing number of heat days by showing the annual maximum temperatures for riverside will continue to increase. See figure below for a trend of increase.

Source: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-Riverside-Adaptation- and-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-Assessment

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Figure 30: Average Annual Maximum Temperatures in Riverside County Source: https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-change-snapshot/ Profiling Extreme Heat Hazards (from the 2018 SHMP)
Heat waves do not cause damage or elicit the immediate response that floods, fires, earthquakes, and other disasters do. For example, the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake resulted in 63 deaths while the 1992 Northridge Earthquake was responsible for the loss of 55 lives. The catastrophic 2003 Southern California Firestorms resulted in 24 deaths. Heat waves, however, can be detrimental and have claimed many lives in comparison to other disasters. According to the 2018 SHMP, the worst single heat wave event in California occurred in Southern California in 1955, when an eight‐day heat wave is said to have resulted in 946 deaths. The 2018 SHMP also states that the July 2006 heat wave in California caused the deaths of at least 650 people over a 13‐ Riverside Operational Area
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day period. Accordingly, to recent data, from 2000 to 2019 there have been1,241 fatalities related to extreme heat events within California.

Source: https://www.trackingcalifornia.org/heat-related-illness/heat-related-deaths- summary-tables
Source: https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/002-2018- SHMP_FINAL_ENTIRE-PLAN.pdf
Additional sources such as the National Risk Index (NRI), provide additional profile details such as a hazard risk index for Heat Waves. Riverside County has a risk index of relatively high, measuring 21.47 out of 100.00 and is profiled as the fourth highest hazard within the available NRI hazard list. It also provides some additional potential expectations for annual loss within the OA. The estimation shows a total annual value of $815,258 with a majority being tied to agricultural values and an annual frequency value of 8.6 events per year.

The California Climate Adaptation Strategy (CAS), citinga California Energy Commission study, states that “over the past 15 years, heat waves have claimed more lives in California than all other declared disaster events combined.” Despite this history, however, not a single heat emergency was formally proclaimed at the state level or declared as a federal disaster between 1960 and 2008. California is on the frontlines of the climate crisis. To combat this all levels of government are taking steps to address climate changed. In 2021, CAS updated a statewide strategy to adapt to the impacts of climate change. The updates include: • Organization of the state’s climate adaptation efforts around six outcome -based
resilience priorities and increases our ability to measure progress. These priorities reflect and reinforce regional climate resilience priorities; were developed through robust public engagement and in consultation with California Native American tribes; and specify timeframes and metrics to drive progress and enable accountability.
• Breaking down silos and unifies collective climate adaptation efforts across all sectors and regions. An outcome-based approach sets strategic direction, supports coordinated, integrated efforts, recognizes how climate adaptation is implemented on the ground, and reflects our commitment to integrating climate resilience into the work of all state agencies.
• Make it easier for Californians to understand and contribute to California’s climate resilience agenda. Presented as an interactive website, the Strategy provides a central hub for information on the state’s climate resilience actions. The website

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will stay updated to track progress and adjustments and integrate emerging best available science.

Treating Heat as a “Legitimate Disaster” (from the 2018 SHMP) Historic losses due to extreme heat events raise several issues. First, since the primary goal of the SHMP is to significantly reduce the loss of life and injuries in California, heat is considered a legitimate disaster type. The number of people killed by extreme heat underscores the importance of mitigating its impacts. Second, heat events highlight the importance of thoughtful social vulnerability analyses. While changes to the built environment can greatly alter vulnerability to different hazards, social vulnerability and resiliency are especially important during heat events. For example, socially isolated elderly persons are especially vulnerable. Any mitigation efforts aimed at reducing heat losses will focus on ways to reduce social isolation, as well as changes to the built environment. Third, heat events illustrate how seemingly unrelated phenomena combine to create disaster. For example, the increased use of air conditioners during heat waves can lead to power outages, which makes extreme heat events even more deadly. Upgrading water and power infrastructure, then, is a form of extreme heat disaster mitigation. Situational and physical characteristics help to identify vulnerable populations that may not comfortably or safely gain access to and use disaster resources. Specifically, when discussing heat-related emergency preparedness, the following groups could be considered vulnerable or at greater risk in a heat emergency: • People with a developmental/intellectual disability, i.e., a severe and chronic disability that is attributable to amental or physical impairment that begins before an individual reaches adulthood. These disabilities include cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and autism.
• People who are blind or have low vision. • People who are deaf or hard of hearing. • People with limited mobility. • People with injuries from auto accidents, falls, sports, and/or war. These injuries can cause damage to the brain, spinal cord, hearing, and sight, and limit mobility.
• People with chronic conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, dialysis, asthma, and epilepsy.
• Older adults who have age-related limitations (e.g., slow movement, sight, and hearing limitations, etc.).
• Children who may be dependent on others, not only for care, but for decision- making. Because children process information and trauma differently than Riverside Operational Area
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adults, they may be unable to articulate their needs and, may decompensate faster than adults. They are also generally more susceptible to thirst, hunger, and temperature than adults.

Animals, including domestic pets, livestock, and poultry, are also susceptible to extreme heat. For example, dogs and cats are in danger of heat stroke in temperatures of 110°F. The heat wave of 2006 resulted in 15 reported pet deaths and more than 25,000 cattle and 700,000 fowl heat-related deaths. Heat wave impacts on livestock can lead to financial losses in California’s agricultural economy.

Source: https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/002-2018- SHMP_FINAL_ENTIRE-PLAN.pdf

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Table 49: 1991 - 2020 Heat Deaths in California
< 11-45-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-44 45-64 65-84 85+ Total 19910000016550 17
19920001208321 17
19930100011360 12
19940000007790 23
19950000016532 17
19960100005870 21
199700000030317
199800000232209
19990200005381 19
2000201002 10983 35
20010300003841 19
2002210001 12431 24
2003100013 12660 29
20041200019861 28
2005011202 13755 36
2006100003 22 48 38 10 122
2007210022 14 1344 42
20080000115 1534 29
20091000128 1575 39
20101000115941 22
20110000013841 17
2012000012 17 1374 44
2013100122 10 14 112 43
20142210413 1164 34
20152200145 1672 39
2016100011 10 14 162 45
20170100019 21 228 62
20181100036 26 133 53
201901000296 101 29
2020020144 24 22 174 78
Total 18 2135 21 44 253 329 246 71 1,011
*Current as of November 2022
Source: CDPH Vital Statistics Death Statistical Master Files Prepared by: California Department of Public Health, Injury and Violence Prevention Branch Report generated from http://epicenter.cdph.ca.gov on: November 07, 2022 Riverside Operational Area
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5.3.13.2 Severe Cold
Overview
Riverside County generally experiences a Mediterranean or Desert climate. When temperatures suddenly drop, it can potentially lead to loss of life in humans and livestock, as well as severely damage crops. The NRI classifies Winter Weather for Riverside County as a relatively low risk hazard scoring 9.26 out of 100.00 on the risk index with an annualized frequency value of 1 event occurring per year.

When temperatures drop below freezing that is the most dangerous time for crops.

When water freezes it expands, this effect causes damage to a plants structure and may cause it to die.

Identifying Freeze Hazards (2018 SHMP)
Sustained temperatures below freezing in California’s generally mild weather regions can cause life loss and health risks to vulnerable populations. Although infrequent, freezes can severely affect California agriculture. Freezing temperatures occurring during winter and spring growing seasons can cause extensive crop damage.

Secondary impacts of freeze disasters can include major economic impacts on farmers, farm workers, packers, and shippers of agricultural products. Freezes can also cause significant increases in food prices to the consumer due to shortages.

Freezing spells are likely to become less frequent in California as climate temperatures increase. If emissions follow higher pathways, freezing events could occur only once per decade in a sizable portion of the state by the second half of the 21st century. While fewer freezing spells would decrease cold‐related health effects, too few freezes could lead to increased incidence of disease as vectors and pathogens do not die off (CNRA 2009).

Climate Change and Severe Cold
Similar to other severe weather profiles when discussing climate change impacts, we can see an increase in events of extreme cold periods below freezing and variance of events. While the global average temperature is rising, the increase in variance means that extreme events at the lower end of the historic temperature range remain a possibility. Freezing temperatures can disrupt agricultural productivity, as some products are sensitive to freezing temperatures.

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History of Events:

Riverside County has experienced Declared Freeze Disasters such as the1993 Winter Storms, the 1995 Winter Storms and the 1998 El Nino Winter Storms. They are also referenced in the 2018 SHMP table identified below.

Map 30: State and Federal Declared Freeze Disasters, 1950- February 2017 Riverside Operational Area
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5.3.13.3 Wind Event
Overview
Windstorms are a hazard for many of the participating jurisdictions.

Santa Ana Winds have caused large amounts of damage and increased the fire damage level dramatically. Santa Ana Winds are generally defined as warm, dry winds that blow from the east or northeast (offshore). These winds occur below the passes and canyons of the coastal ranges of Southern California and in the Los Angeles basin. Santa Ana winds often blow with exceptional speed in the Santa Ana Canyon (the canyon from which it derives its name). Forecasters at the NWS in Oxnard and San Diego usually place speed minimums on these winds and reserve the use of "Santa Ana" for winds greater than 25 knots.

The complex topography of Southern California combined with various atmospheric conditions creates numerous scenarios that may cause widespread or isolated Santa Ana events. Commonly, Santa Ana winds develop when a region of high pressure builds over the Great Basin (the high plateau east of the Sierra Mountains and west of the Rocky Mountains including most of Nevada and Utah). The clockwise circulation around the center of this high-pressure area forces air downslope from the high plateau. The air warms as it descends toward the California coast at the rate of 5 degrees F per 1000 feet due to compressional heating. Thus, compressional heating provides the primary source of warming. The air is dry since it originated in the desert, and it dries out even more as it is heated.

Santa Ana winds commonly occur between October and February with December having the highest frequency of events. Summer events are rare. Wind speeds are typically north to east at 35 knots through and below passes and canyons with gusts to 50 knots. Stronger Santa Ana winds can have gusts greater than 60 knots over widespread areas and gusts greater than 100 knots in favored areas. Frequently, the strongest winds in the basin occur during the night and morning hours due to the absence of a sea breeze. The sea breeze which typically blows onshore daily can moderate the Santa Ana winds during the late morning and afternoon hours.

The following maps and photos show the direction of the Santa Ana winds as they travel from the stable, high-pressure weather system called the Great Basin High through the canyons and towards the low-pressure system off the Pacific. Riverside County is in the direct path of the ocean-bound Santa Ana winds.

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Map 31: Direction of Santa Ana Wind Patterns
Source: http://www.theweatherprediction.com/weatherpapers/049/ Risk Assessment
The Santa Ana Windspose severaldifferent types of threats.

1. By themselves, the winds posea threat to thehealth of thepeople and to structures in the County.
a. Health risks relate primarily to breathing problems caused by the blowing dust and plant pollen.
b. Structural issues relating to the winds range from roofs being blown off to trees falling onto buildings.

2. The winds increase the threat and/or severity of fires in theurban areas Riverside Operational Area
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a. Wind-blown flames will spread more rapidly when pushed by high Santa Ana Winds.

3. Santa Ana Winds dry out brush and forest areas and increase the speed ofa fire.

4. Santa Ana Winds cause power lines to arc, resulting infires

5. Santa Ana Winds can either causetrees to fallon power lines or power lines to break, causingpower outages.

6. Santa Ana Winds can also cause Public Safety Power Shutoffs initialized by utility providers to mitigate the potential of wildfires caused by utility company infrastructure.

Wind Erosion
Soil erosion is also a natural on-going process that transports, erodes and displaces soil particles through a transport mechanism, such as flowing water or the wind. Loose texture and steep slopes primarily result in high wind erosion potential in soils. Wind erosion is most severe in arid regions, where sandy or loamy sediments are un- vegetated and exposed to severe wind conditions.

In addition to the problems caused by the Santa Ana Winds, wind erosion is a serious environmental problem attracting global attention. Soil movement is initiated as a result of wind forces exerted against the surface of the ground. Dust particles in the air create major health problems. Atmospheric dust causes respiratory discomfort, may carry pathogens that cause eye infections and skin disorders and reduces highway and air traffic visibility. Dust storms can cause additional problems. Buildings, fences, roads, crops, trees, and shrubs can all be damaged by abrasive blowing soil.

The wind and wind-blown sand are an environmentally limiting factor throughout much of Riverside County. Approximately 20 percent of the land area of Riverside County is vulnerable to "high" and "very high" wind erosion susceptibility. The Coachella Valley, the Santa Ana River Channel in northwestern Riverside County, and areas in and around the Cities of Hemet and San Jacinto are zones of high wind erosion susceptibility. Human intervention can accelerate the natural erosion process. For instance, typical consequences of development increase erosion potential from the removal of vegetative cover and reduction of overall permeable area. These activities can lead to increased water runoff rates and concentrated flows that have greater potential to erode exposed soils. The effects of excessive erosion range from nuisance

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problems that require additional maintenance, such as increased siltation in storm drains, to instances of more severe damage, where water courses are down cut, and gullies develop. These processes can eventually undermine adjacent structures or topography. Human activities that disturb soils in arid regions increase wind erosion potential. Many of the desert areas are also susceptible to blowing sand, a severe form of wind erosion that damages property and accumulates soil on roadways. The majority of the soils within the district exhibit moderate to high erosion potential, which can be compounded by development.

Wind and wind-blown sand are an environmentally limiting factor throughout much of Riverside County. Approximately 20 percent of the land area of Riverside County is vulnerable to “high” and “very high” wind erosion susceptibility. The Coachella Valley, the Santa Ana River Channel in northwestern Riverside County, and areas in and around the cities of Hemet and San Jacinto are zones of high wind erosion susceptibility. Wind-blown sand is a well-recognized hazard for developments in the Coachella Valley. It has forced abandonment of dwellings and subdivided tracts in the central Coachella Valley.

Source:
https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2019/elements/Ch06_Safety_080619.p df#page=33&zoom=100,93,169
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Map 32: Riverside County Wind Erosion Map
Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2019/elements/Ch06_Safety_080619.pdf

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5.3.13.4 Fog Event
Overview
Fog forms from air being cooled to the point where it can no longer hold all of the water vapor it contains. For example, rain can cool and moisten the air near the surface until fog forms. A cloud-free, humid air mass at night can lead to fog formation, where land and water surfaces that have warmed up during the summer are still evaporating water into the atmosphere. This is called radiation fog. A warm moist air mass blowing over a cold surface also can cause fog to form, called advection fog.

Fog can have a devastating effect on transportation. Nighttime driving in the fog is dangerous and multi-car pileups have resulted from drivers using excessive speed for the conditions and visibility. Fog contributes to transportation accidents and is a life safety hazard. These accidents can cause multiple injuries and deaths and could have serious implications for human health and the environment if a hazardous or nuclear waste shipment were involved. Dense fog may also delay emergency response vehicles.

This hazard does not occur regularly but has had an impact on the highways within the OA.

5.3.13.5 Agricultural Event
Overview
Agriculture in Riverside County must be considered from two standpoints, namely, both as a product producer/exporter and a major economic provider to the County of Riverside. According to the Riverside County Agricultural Commissioner’s Office Production Report, in 2020, Riverside County ranked in the top fourteen leading agricultural counties in California, with an agricultural production value of over $1.32 billion. Major agricultural industries include milk, nursery products, citrus and avocado, table grapes, vegetables, and dates.

Riverside County can be evaluated by two areas: Western Riverside encompassing Riverside, Corona, San Jacinto and Temecula Valley areas and Eastern Riverside encompassing the Coachella Valley and Palo Verde Valley.

Eastern Riverside- Coachella Valley & Palo Verde Valley Agriculture is the second largest industry in the Desert Valleys and is primarily crop- related. The annual 2020 report shows these two districts agricultural crops Riverside Operational Area
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are valued at around $900 million and the Coachella Valley is seen as the second largest agricultural region in the state. Over 60 percent of Riverside County's crop production is grown in the Coachella and Palo Verde Valleys. In addition to crop production, many supporting industries, such as packing and distribution, are located in the desert area. The Coachella Valley produces 95 percent of all dates grown in the United States and the annual fruit crop exceeds 40 million pounds.

The Desert’s list of agriculture-related products includes:
• Vegetable & Melon Crops (Bell Peppers, Lettuce, Corn, Watermelon, etc.) • Nursery Stock • Turf/Sod Producers • Field Crops (Hay, Cotton, Wheat, etc.) • Citrus • Tree & Vine Crops (Table Grapes, Dates) Western Riverside County (WR)
Agriculture in the Western Riverside County region is an ever-changing industry.

With the large increase in housing in this area of the County over the past few years, there has been a reduction of several agriculture-related industries. This reduction is primarily in the poultry and dairy industries. The Western Riverside County list of agriculture-related products includes:
• Dairy Cattle • Nursery Stock • Beef Cattle • Poultry and Eggs • Citrus Crops • Tree and Vine Crops (Avocado, Wine Grapes) • Field Crops (Wheat, Hay, Green Chop) • Vegetable Crops (Potatoes, etc.) • Fish Hatcheries (for domestic and international distribution) The Riverside County Agricultural Commission, Agriculture Projection Report listed the following as the Top commodities in 2020.

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Figure 31: Top Commodities
Source: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/e4a55c77740c47bdabd6170a3914d583 Riverside Operational Area
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History
Table 50: Agriculture-related disasters in Riverside County Riverside County Agriculture Disasters
Year Disaster Commodity Damages Region
1979-
80 Wind
Avocado
and Citrus
Crops
$40,000.00
1979-
80 Rain/Floods
(El Nino)
Olive Trees
(4,200) $319,494.00 WR.
1979-
80 Rain/Floods Sugar beets,
Barley &
Alfalfa
$182,711.00 WR.
1979-
80 Rain/Floods Potato Crop $2,000,000.00 WR.
1979-
80 Rain/Floods Dairy and Livestock $211,900.00 WR.
1982-
1983
Rain/Floods
(El Nino)
All
agriculture Countywide
1990 *
Insect
Infestation-
Med- fly
Fruit Countywide
1990-
91 Freezing
temperatures
Citrus,
avocados,
vegetables.
$15,450,000.00 Countywide
1990-
91 Drought WR
1991
Insect
Infestation-
white fly
Melons,
squash,
cucumbers,
WR, Desert
1992-
93 Rain/Flood
1993-
94 Insect
Infestation-
Med- Fly
Fruit WR
1996 Plant disease
-
Karnel Blunt Wheat WR/Blythe
1997-
98 Rain/Flood (El
Nino) Wheat $167,000.00 WR
1997-
98 Rain/Flood (El
Nino)
Livestock &
Dairy $4,100,000.00 WR

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1999 Freezing
temperatures Citrus $1,630,000.00 Countywide
1999-
2002 *
Insect spread
disease -
(Pierce’s
Disease)
Wine Grapes $16,000,000.00 WR
2001-
July *
Rain/Floods-
Desert Storm
Misc. land &
irrigation
damage
~
$1,000,000.00 CV
2002-
2003 Drought
Dairy farms,
dry land
crops, etc.

Countywide
2002 High
Winds/Freeze
Avocado &
Citrus Crops $8,586,000.00 WR
2002-
03 Animal
Disease-END
Poultry -
300,000
birds in So.

Calif.

WR
2003-
04 Wildfire Nursery,
various
crops
WR
2004-
05 Severe
Storms –
Excessive
Moisture
All
Agricultural
Commodities
Countywide
2005
Severe
Storms –
Excessive
Moisture
All
Agricultural
Commodities
Countywide
2006 Excessive
Heat
Livestock WR
2007 Winter Storms All
Agricultural
Commodities
Countywide
2007 Wildfires Avocados WR
2007
Below Normal
Temperatures,
Winter Storms
All
Agricultural
Commodities
Countywide
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2007 Hail
All
Agricultural
Commodities
Countywide
2007 Drought Grain Crops,
Livestock $3.8 Million + WR
2008 Wildfires All
Agricultural
Commodities
WR
2009 Drought Grain Crops,
Livestock $5.0 Million + WR
2010 Earthquake Agricultural
Buildings
Coachella
Valley
2010
Winter Storms – Flooding,
Debris Flow,
Mud Flows
All
Agricultural
Commodities
Countywide
2013-
2016 Drought
Crops
damaged
due to
stressed
water
supplies
County
Wide
*Denotes a locally declared disaster
Risk Assessment
When considering Agriculture, the County factored in both crops and animals/livestock. Both groups have a three-day window before serious damages occur (aside from physical damages that may happen due to earthquake or floods).

Animals
Most beef and dairy ranches, chicken ranches, swine farms, and other agricultural animal facilities usually only have a 2-to-3-day supply of feed on-site.

Most of the large feed providers in the County do not have more than a 3-to-5- day supply. Restocking of feed supplies is done primarily by rail to the feed providers and then by truck to the local ranches.

In addition to providing feed for the animals, the impact on the dairy farms would be immense. The time factor for the dairy farms would be almost immediate. Not being able to move milk to the milk house was a major concern. Dairy cows must be milked and without the ability to transport the milk off property, that milk must

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be disposed of in some way so as not to contaminate the soil or create a positive host for insects.

Crops
Although many crops are time sensitive and there is a limited amount of storage space in local packing houses, transportation issues vary based on the time of year and crop season.

Water Related Hazards
Many crops are not as water dependent as animals are, though some ground and vine crops have a very short lifespan without an adequate supply. Short-term water supplies can be provided to animals using water trucks; however, water trucks cannot support large crop areas with an adequate level of water.

Water-related issues included:

1. Local water supply (wells, holding ponds, etc.) contamination occurring either naturally or from human causes

2. Loss of water supply due to pipeline or aqueduct damage from an earthquake.

Hazmat Incidents – On-Property and Off-Property
The definition for an On-Property Hazmat incident relates to the improper use of chemicals, crop-dusting accidents or errors, accidental chemical spills into the ground, and other similar incidents. Off-Property Hazmat events relate to the typical transportation Hazmat incident. Both groups (animal-related and crop- related) were very concerned about the impact of an On-Property event. There was a higher level of concern about the impact of an Off-Property event for animals than for crops. Both groups rated the probability of either type of event occurring as low.

Transportation Events
Transportation events were listed as either short-term (less than 3 days) or long- term (over 3 days) and included:

1. Railroad accidents interrupting the delivery of products into the County; Riverside Operational Area
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2. Railroad accidents interrupting the movement of products out of the County;

3. A railroad or trucking strike; and

4. A disruption in transportation lines due to an earthquake, flood, fire, or another event.

Both animals and crops viewed the 3-day point as critical from both an economic and operational standpoint, with the crop group indicating that the 3-day window could be reduced based on whether it was picking season.

Insect infestation and Disease to Crops and Vines
There is an ever-changing potential for damage to local crops and vines from disease and insect infestation. The County has been attacked by a wide variety of pests, insects, and diseases, and because of the diversity of the types of crops in the County, maintaining a pro-active approach has been difficult. Studies and history show that should there be a disease outbreak or contamination of crops/vines, the economic impact would be enormous. Recent events in other states have shown the potential for bans on importation of cattle/dairy products from affected states.

One of the primary concerns of the producers in the County is the illegal or uninspected importation of plants into this region. The majority of insect, pest, and disease issues in the County can be attributed to this problem.

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Table 51: Primary Crop-related Insect Infestations for Riverside County The table below shows the primary crop-related insect infestations in the County over the past twenty years:

NAME

AFRICANIZED HONEYBEE

BARK BEETLE

CITRUS LEAFMINER

GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER

GYPSY MOTH

HONEYBEE TRACHEAL MITE

JAPANESE BEETLE

LESSER SNOW SCALE

MAGNOLIA WHITE SCALE

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY

ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY

PIERCE'S DISEASE

RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT

STING NEMATODE

TROPICAL PALM SCALE

VARROA MITE/HONEYBEE

ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID

SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY

POLYPHAGOUS SHOT-HOLE BORER
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Figure 32: 2020 Pest Interceptions Chart

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Figure 32 Continued
Source: https://www.rivcoawm.org/Portals/0/PDF/2020-Crop%20Report.pdf Riverside Operational Area
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Animal Diseases
There have not been recent incidents of catastrophic outbreaks of disease in the cattle/dairy industry. This is due in part to excellent precluding efforts on behalf of the cattle/dairy industry. Studies and history show that if there is an outbreak of cattle/dairy- related disease, the economic impact would be enormous. Recent events in other states have shown the potential for bans on importation of cattle/dairy products from affected states. In a short period of time, the inability to export products from the County would have wide-ranging economic effects.

The poultry industry is particularly vulnerable to the spread of disease because many fowl are kept in residential back yards and are therefore hard to monitor. Diseases can be spread by mosquitoes and/or ranch service operations that often serve more than one farm, increasing the odds of infection being spread. Outbreaks of the Exotic Newcastle Disease in the poultry industry in 2003 have resulted in the necessary depopulation of 3.16 million chickens in the County. This disease required the quarantine of a large area of Southern California, including all of Riverside County.

The economic loss to the ranchers and County as a whole was estimated to be 161 million.

Diseases of primary concern to the area are: • Avian Influenza • Exotic Newcastle Disease • Fowl Pox • Hoof-and-Mouth Disease • Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Loss of Electrical Power
The loss of electrical power is becoming more of a concern to all areas of agriculture.

Depending on the season, the loss of electrical supply to a poultry ranch can be devastating within 2-to-4 hours because of the inability to keep the chickens cool. The loss of electrical power for over a 12-hour period can be devastating to a dairy farmer who cannot milk dairy cows.

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5.3.14 Transportation Failure
Severity: 3
Probability: 2
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Transportation Hazard Incidents ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
Transportation hazards are incidents involving air, rail, or highway transport of goods or passenger travel resulting in property damage, death, or serious injury. The incidents can be caused by transportation of hazardous materials, earthquake, hazardous weather, or other hazardous conditions affecting the uninterrupted flow of transportation and/or public safety.

Five major transportation systems operate within Riverside County.

1. Highways

2. Railroads

3. Air traffic

4. High-pressure petroleum and gas lines

5. Aqueducts.

Pipelines and aqueducts are treated separately in following sections of this LHMP.

History
Highways. The traffic density on the freeway and highway systems in the western part of the County is of particular concern. The population and economic growth in this area have caused increased demand on these networks.

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Although the seasons do not have a large impact on Riverside County, there is the threat of poor visibility due to winter fog. Adding to this problem is the fact that according to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), more than 800,000 trucks carry hazardous materials across the U.S every day, and each year about 5,000 of those trucks are involved in nonfatal crashes, and 200 result in catastrophic death.

Rail Lines. Major rail transport lines through Riverside County include Union Pacific and the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Railway Companies. Rails, cars, supporting bridges, overpasses, and electrically operated switching mechanisms are susceptible to damage.

Union Pacific and the BNSF Railway Companies lines enter the Coachella Valley from Imperial County along the eastern shore of the Salton Sea.

Major population centers affected by railroad transportation are vulnerable to the impact of a wide variety of hazardous materials transported by these carriers. Additionally, there are lines running east and west that carry significant tonnage daily. Some of these lines are in remote areas, but that does not lessen the overall seriousness of their impact.

Airlines / Airports
The western part of Riverside County has some of the busiest air traffic areas in the United States. Commercial, as well as military traffic, is very heavy. The number of near misses reported by pilots underscores the increasing possibility of a mid-air collision over the County.

There are two major airports in Riverside County: March Air Reserve Base and Palm Springs International. There are also numerous smaller municipal and commercial airports and private air strips: • Banning Airport • Bermuda Dunes Airport • Blythe Airport • Chiriaco Summit Airport • Corona Municipal Airport • Desert Center Airport

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• Flabob Airport • French Valley Airport • Hemet- Ryan Airport • Lake Elsinore/Skylark Airport • Perris Valley Airport • Rancho California Airport • Riverside Municipal Airport • Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport In addition, there are five major out-of-county airports operating in the vicinity of Riverside County with significant flightpaths over the County:

1. John Wayne Airport (Orange County)

2. Long Beach Airport (Los Angeles County)

3. Los Angeles International (LAX) Airport

4. Ontario Airport (San Bernardino County)

5. Chino Airport (Airport Influence Area extends into Riverside County)

6. San Diego International Airport (SAN) San Diego County

7. San Bernardino International Airport (SBI) San Bernardino County Risk Assessment
The possibility for a transportation hazard to occur is ongoing. There have been railway incidents in the recent past, although they have not been numerous and have not caused extensive damage. Semi-trucking incidents are not uncommon and could result in a hazardous spill at any time, although notable events have not occurred in recent history.

There has not been a serious airline accident in the area in the recent past.

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• Effects on people and housing. As the historical events in Riverside County show, people may be evacuated when a transportation emergency occurs.

Relative to some of the other natural hazards assessed earlier in this LHMP, the numbers of people affected by transportation emergencies are usually less.

However, a transportation accident on Interstate 10 during a period of high heat can result in hundreds (or more) of commuters being stranded on the highway with little resources for an extended period of time. When considering the impacts to the public’s confidence in a jurisdictions ability to govern following a transportation incident. The impact is very low.
• Effects on commercial and industrial structures. There may be economic consequences due to transportation emergencies, but the damage is generally limited to clean-up of facilities and grounds or simply interruption of business due to evacuation.
• Effects on infrastructure. Transportation emergencies may result in downed power lines. Also, Hazmat materials released in a transportation emergency may impact waterways and drainage systems, and incidents can lead to the evacuation of schools, business districts, and residential areas.

Effects on agriculture & the environment. Transportation is essential to the agricultural industry. For all elements of agriculture other than those that are dairy- related, any incident that affects transportation for more than three days is “major.” For the dairy segment of the agricultural industry, any incident that affects the ability to transport product by more than 12 hours is considered “major.” When considering the impact on the environment, transportation incidents can have long- term impacts to the plants and animals that live there if they are not mitigated and removed.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
In general, transportation hazards are not cataclysmic in terms of widespread property damage and loss of life. Existing emergency operations should be equipped to handle almost of any transportation hazard that may occur.

However, because Riverside County has an agricultural production value of over $1 billion, any transportation emergency that affects the ability of agriculture to conduct its routine business (importing supplies and exporting production) can have severe economic consequences for the County.

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Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Depending on the location of the incident, the cascading effects of transportation emergencies are generally limited to those of Hazmat incidents, Fires or Extreme Weather. Recent examples in Riverside County of how transportation events can turn into large scale concerns for public safety can be seen during the Oleander Incident when a railcar in the City of Perris had an unidentified leak prompting evacuations, shelter operations, and interagency cooperation to protect the immediate life and property in that area.

Source: https://www.rvcfire.org/incidents/fact-sheets/OLEANDER%2008-11-2022 Riverside Operational Area
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5.3.15 Dam Failure
Severity: 1
Probability: 3
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Dam Failure ➢ Norco ➢ Eastvale ➢ Corona ➢ Lake Elsinore ➢ Wildomar ➢ Murrieta ➢ Temecula ➢ Perris ➢ Menifee ➢ Riverside ➢ Jurupa Valley ➢ Hemet ➢ Moreno Valley ➢ San Jacinto ➢ Various Portions of unincorporated areas in the West
County
Hazard Definition
The term “dam failure” encompasses a wide variety of circumstances. Potential causes of a dam failure are numerous and can be attributed to deficiencies in the original design of the dam, the quality of construction, the maintenance of the dam and operation of the appurtenances while the dam is in operation and acts of nature including precipitation in excess of the design, flood, and damage from earthquakes. Water over topping the dam crest is a common cause of failure in earth dams.

Overtopping will cause erosion of the dam crest and eventual dam breach. Piping of earth dams is another common form of failure. Piping is a form of erosion that occurs underground caused by rodent burrowing and the presence of extensive root systems from vegetation growing on and around the dam.

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Flooding of the area below the dam may occur as the result of structural failure of the dam, overtopping, or a seiche. The primary danger associated with a dam failure is the swift, unpredictable flooding of those areas immediately downstream of the dam.

There are three general types of dams: earth and rock fill, concrete arch or hydraulic fill, and concrete gravity. Each of these types of dams has different failure characteristics.

The earth/rock fill dam will fail gradually due to the erosion of the breach; a flood wave will build gradually to a peak and then decline until the reservoir is empty. A concrete arch or hydraulic fill dam will fail almost instantaneously, with a very rapid build-up to a peak and then a gradual decline. A concrete gravity dam will fail somewhere in between instantaneous and gradual, with the corresponding build-up of flood wave.

History
Historically, Riverside County has not experienced any significant dam failure incidents, although there are several major dams in the County of both the earthen and steel reinforced concrete type.

Risk Assessment
The County of Riverside is subject to potential flooding from several local dams, reservoirs, streams, rivers, and washes. These include but are not limited to, Lake Elsinore, the Colorado River, and the San Jacinto River. Seasonal flooding with the failure of run-off storage reservoirs, canals, and levees could seriously compound the situation, particularly in or near urban population centers. From the time of complete failure to inundation could be as little as 5-to-10 minutes.

Portions of Riverside County along the Colorado River corridor could suffer from a catastrophic failure of dams that are located far outside the borders of Riverside County.

These dams include Palo Verde Diversion Dam, Headgate Rock Dam, Parker Dam, Davis Dam, and Hoover Dam. If there were a catastrophic dam failure, it is estimated that it would take a minimum of 23 hours before the flood waters reach the City of Blythe.

With major disruptions in power and communications systems, a warning may not be received from dam or reservoir sites in time to initiate an organized evacuation or broadcast warnings via emergency radio stations. If a credible prediction is initiated, then preparation for a damaging earthquake could begin and residents and business owners within dam inundation areas could be directed to assembly areas to wait for official word regarding safe re-entry. This method of direction and control could substantially reduce potential loss of life if enough warning were available.

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• Effects on Agriculture & the Environment can be catastrophic, both for crops, plants and for animals. Loss of property is a real risk, as well.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
Although dam failure incidents have not historically been a problem in Riverside County, the County’s location with respect to earthquake fault lines presents the very real danger of dam failure due to quakes. If this were to occur, the effects could be catastrophic. Also, as noted above, seasonal flooding with the failure of run-off storage reservoirs, canals, and levees could seriously compound the risks of dam failure and additional flooding.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Dam failure causes downstream flooding. It may also lead to power failures and disruption of essential services. The secondary effects of dam failure can include the disruption of the local and state economies by damage to buildings and roads, the severance of communications, the disruption of supply and delivery mechanisms, additional welfare, and emergency aid to the recovering economy.

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Table 52: Dams within the County of Riverside
Listed Alphabetically by Name
Dam
No.

National
ID No. Name Owner County Stream Year Built
Capacity Res.

Area
Drainage
Area
Crest
Elev.
(Ac-ft) (Acres) (mi
2 (ft)
1003-
003
CA00798 Alessandro
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Alessandro Cr 1956 370 17 4.63 1146
1003-
007
CA00802 Boxsprings
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Box Springs Cr 1960 405 294 1139
35-021 CA01441 Cajalco Creek Metropolitan
Water Dist
Riverside Cajalco Creek 2001 889 74.4 22.7 1512
87-008 CA01204
Declez
Retention
San
Bernardino
County Flood
Control
District
Riverside San Sevaine Cr 1984 331 21 10.7 849
35-018 CA01410
Diamond
Valley Lake
Metropolitan
Water District
Riverside Domenigoni Valley
Cr
2000 800000 4860 13 1769
35-019 CA01413
Diamond
Valley Lake
Forebay
Metropolitan
Water District
Riverside Domenigoni Val Can 1999 500 31 0.13 1497.5
1812-
000
CA01302 Dunn Ranch Agri
-Empire,A
Calif Corp Riverside Hamilton Cr 1987 90
7 0.2 142.5
1003.02 CA10503
Eagle Canyon
Debris Basin
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Eagle Canyon 2015 222 7.1- 405
822-000 CA00767 El Casco Riverside Land
Conservancy
Riverside San Timoteo Creek 1879 143 15 0.09 116
81-000 CA00304
Fairmount
Park
City Of
Riverside Riverside Santa Ana River 1923 200 40 22 793
827-000 CA00769 Foster
Idyllwild
Water District
Riverside Lily Creek 1945 566 0.85 5812
35-020 CA01424
Goodhart
Canyon
Detention
Basin
Metropolitan
Water Dist
Riverside Goodhart Canyon 1999 1026 98 3.8 1627.2
1003 CA00787
Harrison
Street
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Harrison Creek 1954 208 14 2.03 1123.5
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35-016 CA01349
Henry J Mills
No 2
Metropolitan
Water Dist
Riverside Off stream 1996 925 0.1 1651.2
35-014 CA01085
Henry J Mills
Reservoir
Metropolitan
Water Dist
Riverside Off stream 1979 8360 1651
35-017 CA01374
H Mills
Reclamation
Metropolitan
Water District
Riverside Off stream 1996 98 16 0.03 1593
1003-
014
CA01212 Jurupa Basin
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Jurupa Wash 1983 167 17 1.69 855
817-000 CA00763 Lake Hemet
Lake Hemet
Municipal
Water District
Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1895 14000 470 67 4341.5
1003-
016
CA01392 Lakeview
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1994 530 39 7.6 1621
818-002 CA00766 Lee Lake
Elsinore
Valley Mun
Wd
Riverside Temescal Creek 1919 1100 70 53 1153
1003-
009
CA01103
Mabey
Canyon
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Mabey Creek 1974 685 1.5 1146
1003-
011
CA01211 Mary Street
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Alessandro Wash 1981 320 19 6.7 1009
35-000 CA00212 Mathews
Metropolitan
Water District
of Southern
California
Riverside Cajalco Creek 1938 182000 2750 40 1404
1003-
015
CA01197
Metz Road
Debris Basin
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1981 88 201 1470.5
81-003 CA00305
Mockingbird
Canyon
City Of
Riverside Riverside Mockingbird Can 1914 1250 64 13.13 1015 1003-
010
CA01179 Oak Street
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Oak Street Cr 1979 138 36 6.02 1034
1-068 CA00054 Perris
California
Department
Of Water
Resources
Riverside Bernasconi Pass 1973 131452 2340 10 1600

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1003-
006
CA00801 Pigeon Pass
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Pigeon Pass 1958 900 86 8.71 1702.5
1003-
004
CA00799 Prenda
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Prenda Creek 1954 192 15 1.93 1242
829-000 CA00771 Quail Valley Forecast
Homes
Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1959 103 10 1.6 1490
818-000 CA00765
Railroad
Canyon
Elsinore
Valley Mun
Wd
Riverside San Jacinto River 1928 11586 525 664 1410
35-012 CA00223
Robert A
Skinner
Metropolitan
Water Dist
Riverside Tucalota Creek 1973 43800 860 51.5 1493
35-015 CA01271
Skinner
Clearwell
Metropolitan
Water District
Riverside Offstream 1991 356 140 1433
1811-
000
CA01237
Sunnymead
Ranch
Sunnymead
Ranch Comm
Assoc
Riverside Reche Canyon 1985 400 352 1770
1003-
005
CA00800 Sycamore
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Sycamore Canyon 1956 860 57 10.7 1013
1003-
013
CA01170 Tahchevah
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Tachevah Creek 1964 650 60 3.2 582
1003-
012
CA01242
Tahquitz
Creek Debris
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Tahquitz Creek 1991 755 18 562
2028-
000
CA00770 Vail Rancho Calif
Water District
Riverside Temecula Creek 1949 51000 1078 306 1482.6
1003-
008
CA00803 Wide Canyon
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside West Wide Canyon 1968 1490 57 33.5 1560
1003-
000
CA00796 Woodcrest
Riverside
County Flood
Control And
Water
Conservation
Riverside Woodcrest Creek 1954 420 24 5.32 1122.5
The most recent dam built was Eagle Canyon Debris Basin in 2015 Riverside Operational Area
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Descriptions of the dams, their inundation impact on the County, and a delineation of response efforts are outlined in the Flood and Dam Inundation Plan, maintained by Riverside County Transportation and Land Management Agency and on the California Department of Water Resources Division of Safety of Dams website.

Source: https://fmds.water.ca.gov/maps/damim/
Continue to the Next Page.

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Map 34: Riverside County Dam Inundation Risks
Source: County of Riverside General Plan
September 28, 2021
https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf Riverside Operational Area
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5.3.16 Aqueduct Failure
Severity: 2
Probability: 3
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Aqueduct Failure ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
An Aqueducts is an artificial channel to transport water. There are two major Aqueducts that traverse Riverside County: • California Aqueduct • Colorado River Aqueduct.

The California Aqueduct is a 444-mile long, artificially river shaped facility that is a crucial component of the State Water Project. The California Department of Water Resources states that the Project includes 34 storage facilities, reservoirs and lakes; 20 pumping plants; 4 pumping-generating plants; 5 hydroelectric power plants; and about 701 miles of open canals and pipelines. It travels from Sacramento into San Bernardino County and finally ends in western Riverside County. The East Branch is the portion of the Aqueduct that transports water for storage into Lake Perris.

The Colorado River Aqueduct stretches 242 miles across Arizona and California.

According to the American Society of Civil Engineers, it consists of more than 90 miles of tunnels, nearly 55 miles of cut-and-cover conduit, almost 30 miles of siphons, and five pumping stations. More than a billion gallons of water travel through it a day. It travels from Arizona into San Bernardino County, enters the eastern portion of Riverside County and travels the length of the County until it ends near the City of Riverside. It was built and is currently maintained by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.

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Map 35: California Aqueducts
Source: 2018 (SHMP)
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History of Events
Riverside County has not experienced a large-scale Aqueduct incident.

Risk Assessment
An earthquake or landslide could severely damage the two main aqueducts that travel through the county, possibly rendering them out of service. In this event, the water supply to the OA would be greatly affected.

Long periods of droughts have been known to damage aqueduct infrastructure. Wells have needed to work harder to pump low levels of water. This has resulted in many irrigation districts to raise the sides of canals to encourage gravitational water flow.

However, this tactic can negatively affect bridges. • Effects on people and housing. There is a low impact on housing unless the aqueduct was to flood a residential area. The impact to people can range from minor to disastrous. A failure could greatly impact the County’s water supply leaving the County to source water elsewhere until the damages to the aqueduct can be remedied. It can also impact the economy in the event that crops are damaged, and farmers lose valuable product. If a significant failure were to occur the governing jurisdiction may have a large impact on the public’s confidence to govern following a failure that has extended consequences such as disruption of essential services for extended periods of time.
• Effects on commercial and industrial structures. There is a low impact on commercial and industrial structures.
• Effects on infrastructure. There is a low impact on infrastructure. • Effects on agriculture & the environment. In the event of an aqueduct failure crops and dependent plant life could be devastatingly impacted.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
This hazard has a low probability but has the potential to have catastrophic impacts to the county.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
An Aqueduct failure could lead to water supply contamination or disruption and flooding.

It could also increase the effects of a drought.

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5.3.17 Tornado
Severity: 2
Probability: 1
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Tornados ➢ Hemet ➢ Perris ➢ Desert Center ➢ Coachella Valley ➢ Mecca ➢ Homeland Hazard Definition
Tornados
Tornadoes are spawned when there is warm, moist air near the ground, cool air aloft, and winds that speed up and change direction. An obstruction, such as a house, in the path of the wind, causes it to change direction. This change increases pressure on parts of the house, and the combination of increased pressures and fluctuating wind speeds creates stresses that frequently cause structural failures.

In order to measure the intensity and wind strength of a tornado, Dr. T. Theodore Fujita developed the Fujita Tornado Damage Scale. This scale compares the estimated wind velocity with the corresponding amount of suspected damage. The scale measures six classifications of tornadoes with increasing magnitude from an “F0” tornado to an “F6+” tornado.

Tornados, like those that occur every year in the Midwest and Southeast parts of the United States, are a rare phenomenon in most of California, with most tornado-like activity coming from micro-bursts.

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The chartbelow depicts the FujitaTornado Damage Scale:

Table 53: Fujita Tornado Damage Scale
Scale
Wind
Estimate
(mph)
TypicalDamage
F0< 73
Light damage. Somedamage to chimneys and TV antennas; breaks twigs off trees; pushes over shallow-rooted trees.

F1 73-112
Moderatedamage. Peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos blown off roads.

F2 113-157
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars overturned; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground.

F3 158-206
Severe damage. Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown.

F4 207-260
Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance; cars thrown, and large missiles generated.

F5 261-318
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and swept away; automobile-sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 meters (109 yds); trees debarked; incredible phenomena will occur.

Source: https://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f-scale.html

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Microbursts
Unlike tornados, microbursts are strong, damaging winds that strike the ground and often give the impressiona tornado has struck. They frequently occur during intense thunderstorms. The origin of a microburst is downward moving air from a thunderstorm's core. But unlike a tornado, they affect only a rather small area.

University of Chicago storm researcher Dr. Ted Fujita first coined the term “downburst” to describe strong, downdraft winds flowing out of a thunderstorm cell that he believed were responsible for the crash of Eastern Airlines Flight 66 in June of 1975.

A downburst is a straight-direction surface wind in excess of 39 mph caused by a small- scale, strong downdraft from the base of convective thundershowers and thunderstorms.

In later investigations into the phenomena, he defined two sub-categories of downbursts:
the larger macro bursts and small microbursts.

Macro bursts are downbursts with winds up to 117 mph that spread across a path greater than 2.5 miles wide at the surface and which last from 5 to 30 minutes. The microburst, on the other hand, is confined to an even smaller area, less than 2.5 miles in diameter from the initial point of downdraft impact. An intense microburst can result in damaging winds near 270 km/hr. (170 mph) and often last for less than five minutes. “Downbursts of all sizes descend from the upper regions of severe thunderstorms when the air accelerates downward through either exceptionally strong evaporative cooling or by very heavy rain which drags dry air down with it. When the rapidly descending air strikes the ground, it spreads outward in all directions, like a fast-running faucet stream hitting the sink bottom.

When the microburst wind hits an object on the ground such as a house, garage, or tree, it can flatten the buildings and strip limbs and branches from the tree. After striking the ground, the powerful outward running gust can wreak further havoc along its path.

Damage associated with a microburst is often mistaken for the work of a tornado, particularly directly under the microburst. However, damage patterns away from the impact area are characteristic of straight-line winds rather than the twisted pattern of tornado damage.”
History
The history table demonstrates the number of tornados and microbursts that have occurred in the County.

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Table 54: Historical Tornados Statistics for Riverside
Date Force Injuries Death(s)
1955-04-06000
1973-08-16300
1974-07-20110
1978-02-09360
1982-01-20000
1985-09-18000
1991-03-20000
1996-12-22100
1994-08-12000
1998-05-13000
2005-01-09000
2005-02-19100
2005-02-26000
2005-07-23000
2006-07-23000
2008-05-22000
2008-05-22210
2008-05-22000
2008-05-22000
2010-01-21000
2012-08-12000
2012-09-09000
2015-04-21000
2015-10-17000
2015-08-06120
2018-08-16000
Source:
https://countyofriverside.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=0db253f3e83 a4c5f9f5ab9577f2dcb49

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Map 36: Past Riverside County Tornadoes
Riverside County Tornado Tracks and Damage
Riverside Operational Area
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Risk Assessment • Effects on people and housing. Tornadoes are very dangerous and can destroy homes and injure or kill Riverside County residents. The county has been fortunate in the past because we have not experienced loss of life and very few injuries caused by tornadoes or airborne debris. The public’s confidence will be minimally impacted after one of these incidents.
• Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Industrial structures could house Hazardous Materials that have to potential to be released if the facility is damaged. Workers could be trapped under debris if the tornado hits during business hours.
• Effects on infrastructure. Infrastructures could be damaged by high winds at building failure points such as rook joist or wall stud- bottom plate intersections.

Flying debris can also cause damages.
• Effects on agriculture and the environment. Tornadoes have the power to destroy crops or tools/structures needed by the farmer to tend his crops. It can also lead to the death of livestock. The impact on the environment overall is low.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
Riverside County’s “Tornado Alley” spans from the 15 Corridor to desert center and is highly susceptible to microburst and tornados that result in high dollar recovery costs.

While these incidents occur, they are low impact when compared to other natural hazards identified within this plan.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Tornados can destroy critical infrastructure causing disruption in essential services to residents and commercial properties. Widespread damage can also be exacerbated by fires caused from the damage. Tornados can damage critical facilities and devastate homes.

14.B.

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5.3.18 Insect Infestation
Severity: 2
Probability: 3
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Insect Infestation ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County (Bark Beetle) • Idyllwild Fire Protection District
(Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine) • Alvord Unified School District • Cathedral City • City of Banning • City of Blythe • City of Calimesa • City of Canyon Lake • City of Coachella • City of Corona • City of Desert Hot Springs • City of Hemet • City of Indian Wells • City of Indio -- only portions of the city are within the boundaries of the Red
Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area
• City of La Quinta • City of Lake Elsinore • City of Moreno Valley – only portions of
the city are within the boundaries of the
Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area
• City of Murrieta • City of Norco • City of Palm Desert -- only portions of the city are within the boundaries of the
Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area
• City of Palm Springs -- only portions of
the city are within the boundaries of the
Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area
• City of Perris • City of Rancho Mirage -- only portions of the city are within the boundaries of
the Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine
area
• City of Riverside • City of Temecula • Home Gardens County Water District • Idyllwild Water District • Lake Elsinore Unified School District • Menifee Unified School District • Moreno Valley Unified School District • Rancho California Water District • Riverside Community Hospital • Riverside County Office of Education, Children, and Family Services
• Riverside County Transportationand
Land ManagementAgency
• Riverside Unified School District
• San Gorgonio Pass Water Agency
• Valley Sanitation District • Western Municipal Wate
r District
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Hazard Definition
Insect infestation occurs when an undesirable type of insect inhabits an area in a manner that causes serious harm to cash crops, livestock, or poultry; wild land trees, plants, or animals; or humans. Countless insects live on, in, and around plants, animals, and humans in all environments. Many are harmless, while others can cause fatal damage.

Under some conditions, insects that have been present and relatively harmless can become hazardous. For example, severe drought conditions can weaken trees and make them more susceptible to destruction from insect attacks.

The major forms of insects are: • Chewing insects are defoliating insects. They generally strip plants of green matter such as leaves. Caterpillars and beetles make up the largest proportion of chewing insects. Under normal conditions, trees can usually bounce back from an attack of these defoliators, though repeat infestation will weaken a tree and can eventually kill it by starving it of energy.
• Boring, or tunneling, insects cause damage by boring into the stem, roots, or twigs of a tree. Some lay eggs that then hatch and the larvae burrow more deeply into the wood, blocking off the water-conducting tissues of the tree. Boring insects generally feed on the vascular tissues of the tree. If the infestation is serious, the upper leaves are starved of nutrients and moisture, and the tree can die. Signs of borer infestation include entry/exit holes in the bark, small mounds of sawdust at the base, and sections of the crown wilting and dying.
• Sucking insects do their damage by sucking out the liquid from leaves and twigs.

Many sucking insects are relatively immobile, living on the outside of a plant and forming a hard protective outer coating while they feed on the plant’s juices. Quite often they will excrete a sweet, sticky substance known as honeydew which contains unprocessed plant material. Honeydew can cause sooty mold to form on leaves and can become a nuisance. Signs of infestation include scaly formations on branches, dieback of leaves, and honeydew production.

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Table 55: Example Insect Species
NAME

AFRICANIZED HONEYBEE

BARK BEETLE

CITRUS LEAFMINER

GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER

GYPSY MOTH

HONEYBEE TRACHEAL MITE

JAPANESE BEETLE

LESSER SNOW SCALE

MAGNOLIA WHITE SCALE

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY

ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY

RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT

STING NEMATODE

TROPICAL PALM SCALE

VARROA MITE/HONEYBEE

ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID

SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY

POLYPHAGOUS SHOT-HOLE BORER

ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID

GOLDSPOT OAK BORE BEETLE, (GSOB)

PINE BARK BEETLE

SHOT HOLE BORER BEETLE

KUROSHIO SHOT HOLE BORERS

SPOTTED LANTERNFLY
In conjunction with the above outlined problems, insects can carry and spread or vector disease to plants, animals, and people.

Definition of Vector Control
Vector Control Programs are responsible for providing services that reduce the risk of illness caused by any organism transporting a pathogen. Some examples of these organisms and some of the pathogens they can carry are: • Mosquito - West Nile Virus, St. Louis Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis Riverside Operational Area
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• Rodent Fleas - Plague
• Western Black Legged Tick - Lyme Disease
• Rodents - Hantavirus
Riverside County actually has three vector control agencies. There are two Vector Control Districts and the County Vector Control Program operating through the Department of Environmental Health. The Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District manages these services for a portion of the desert community around the Coachella Valley. The Northwest Mosquito and Vector Control District provides services in the northwest portion of the county. The County Vector Control program covers the unincorporated areas of the County and other areas such as contracted cities that may fall outside of the two other vector district boundaries.

History
2020 - The county confirmed that mosquitoes collected from the unincorporated area of Nuevo tested positive for West Nile virus.
2017- Parts of Riverside County (Moreno Valley, Indio, Rancho Mirage, Palm Desert, Bermuda Dunes, and Palm Springs) were under quarantine by state and federal officials to stopthe spread of Red Imported Fire Ants. The quarantine limits the movement of plantsand soil and requires commercial nursery growers to take stepsto ensure their productsare free of Red Imported Fire Ants. It is believed that the infestations in Southern California may stem from the shipment of infested nursery stock fromthe southeastern states.
2012 - Polyphagous Shot-Hole Borer, an insect pest that attacks over 200 types of agricultural and landscape trees, became widespread in Southern California. By 2015, this insect pest was established in Western Riverside County. This insect pest is detrimental to the avocado industry and landscape ornamental trees in California.
2009- A portion of Riverside County (Coachella Valley) was placed under quarantine for Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP). In 2011, the quarantine area was expanded to include Western Riverside County. The quarantine limits the movement of nursery stock and citrus from the quarantine area. Growers must take steps to ensure their products are free from ACP prior to movement.
2003-Governor Gray Davis proclaimed a State of Emergency in Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego Counties where hundreds of thousands of trees were dead and dying after being weakened by drought and attacked by an infestation of bark beetles. Trees on more than 150,000 acres died and an estimated 75,000

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residents were threatened by catastrophic wildfire, injury,and property damage from falling trees.
1999-2000- an insect-spread disease (Pierce’s Disease spread by Glassy-winged Sharpshooter) caused over $16 million damage to wine grapes in the west County area. Riverside County is under quarantine by state officials to stop the spread of Glassy-winged Sharpshooter and Pierce’s Disease. The quarantine limits the movement of nursery stock, bulk grapes, bulk citrus and requires inspection and certification of these commodities by the local Agricultural Commissioner prior to movement from the infested area.
1991-1994- Africanized Honeybees entered California near Blythe. Since 1994, they have spread to all counties in Southern California (Imperial, San Diego, Orange, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, and Kern). In 1993-94 and 1990, Med-fly infestations damaged fruit Countywide. In 1991,a whitefly infestation damaged melons, squash, andcucumbers Countywide.

Risk Assessment
Riverside County hasa demonstrated vulnerability to insect infestation. The climate makes itpossible for insects to reproduce with little natural hindrance totheir proliferation.

Programs for monitoring Encephalitis in Riverside County have been in effect for more than two decades in a cooperative effort with the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), the University of California, the Mosquito and Vector Control Association of California, and the Riverside County Public Health Department. Since its introduction to Southern California in 2003, West Nile Virus surveillance has been a primary focus. This type of surveillance is driven by live mosquito trapping and processing for virus detection.

The dead bird surveillance program is also headed up by CDPH where the public can report dead birds via their website (www.westnile.ca.gov) or a telephone hotline (1-877- WNV-BIRD). If CDPH staff determines that a dead bird is deemed acceptable for testing, Vector Control offices are notified for collection and testing. Another aspect of this program consists of sentinel chicken flocks being placed in areas where high populations of Culex tarsalis, the western encephalitis mosquito, are known to exist and where such areas infringe on local communities. Blood samples are sent to the CDPH Viral & Rickettsial Disease Laboratory where they are analyzed for the antibodies to the viruses.

All of these disease indicators allow programs to focus their vector control efforts. Since 2006, at least 73 cases of West Nile virus human infections have been reported within Riverside County with ten fatalities. Horses have also been infected and succumbed to this disease.

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In Riverside County, Plague is associated with animal disease outbreaks in populations of California Ground Squirrels. The vector is the Squirrel Flea. In 1979 during a disease outbreak among California ground squirrels in Silent Valley, located south of the City of Banning, a boy contracted Plague. It was properly diagnosed, and he recovered. This incident provided impetus to start the Plague Surveillance Program and eventually establish the County’s Vector Control Program. Over the course of the past several decades surveillance activities have isolated Plague endemic areas in the San Jacinto Mountain range. • Effects on people and housing. In the case of the Bark Beetle, the fire hazard it
createscan cause the lossof homes and life as demonstrated in the fall fires of 2003. In the case of certain mosquitoes, West Nile Virus has infected humans and horses.
• Effects on agriculture, environment, and commercial and industrial structures. Ifa given insect is particularly hazardous toforests, crops, or property, it cancostthe County millions of dollars in lost revenue and eradicationand replacement.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
Insect infestation is an ongoing threat to agriculture and public health inRiverside County.

The effects on people and property can be disastrous and costly.

The County and independent vector control specialdistricts have aggressive programs utilizing: • Disease surveillance such as certified personnel, insect/rodent traps, lab testing capacities, and Sentinel chicken flocks.
• Vector control equipment and approved pesticides. • Public outreach.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
The Bark Beetle infestation isa classicexample of cascading effects. The insect killed hundreds of thousands of trees, increasing the wildfire hazard, which resulted in the unfortunate devastation of the fall fires of 2003.

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5.3.19 Jail/Prison Event
Severity: 2
Probability: 3
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Jail or Prison Events ➢ Blythe ➢ Riverside ➢ Norco ➢ Banning ➢ Indio ➢ Murrieta Hazard Definition
There are numerous State of California Correctional Institutions and County correctional facilities in Riverside County. Law enforcement is tasked with maintaining order in the facilities and preventing inmates from escaping into the community.

Chuckawalla Valley State Prison in Blythe provides long-term housing and services for male felons classified as medium and low-medium custody inmates.

Ironwood State Prison in Blythe provides services for minimum and medium custody inmates through academic education, vocational instruction, and support services. The prison also has the Institutional Hearing Program (IHP) which prepares inmates who are illegal immigrants for release to United States Immigration and Naturalization Service custody and the return to their native country.

The California Rehabilitation Center (CRC) in Norco is a medium Level II correctional facility and that only accommodates male inmates since April 2007. The CRC inmate population consists of felon commitments as well as Civil Addicts.

The California Institution for Woman (CIW) in Chino accommodates all custody levels of female inmates and functions as a reception/processing center for incoming female inmates. In addition to its large general population, CIW houses inmates with special needs such as pregnancy, psychiatric care, methadone, and medical problems such as HIV infection.

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The California Institution for Men in Chino consists of four separate facilities under the administration of one warden. Located three miles south of the city of Chino, the facilities provide housing for minimum through medium custody inmates. The reception centers receive and process newly committed male felons from several southern California counties. The California Youth Authority operates a facility in Chino. While all of these facilities are in the County of San Bernardino, their close proximity to Riverside County and the City of Corona necessitate their inclusion here as facilities of concern to Riverside County.

In addition, there are five correctional facilities within the County, namely:

1. Robert Pressley Detention Center

2. Blythe Jail

3. John Benoit Detention Center

4. Cois M. Byrd Detention Center

5. Larry D. Smith Correctional Facility
History
Historically, the threat to society has been low. Law enforcement has demonstrated an overall capability to maintain the incarcerated population in a manner that does not pose an immediate threat to the general population.

Risk Assessment
Law enforcement must remain in a state of readiness for any incidents that could precipitate a threatening situation.

The passing of Assembly Bill 109 (2011) has shifted state prison populations back into the county jail populations to stop state prison overcrowding. The effects of this change are just now being seen. Time will tell what the overall impact on Riverside County and its citizens will be.

Riots within the facilities generally do not pose a direct threat to the public on the outside.

Occasionally an inmate has escaped correctional facilities. The danger involved in their escape is predicated on the escapee’s criminal characteristics.

Riverside County Regional Medical Center provides medical care to both state and local inmates in an area designated as a prison ward, which could have a severe impact on

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health care delivery at the facility during and immediately after a prison ward incident. The degree of disruption would, of course, depend on the extent of the incident. • Effects on people and housing. Violent offenders escaping custody in a disaster could lead to residents in surrounding areas being at risk of harm.Risks are high. • Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The risks are minimal. • Effects on infrastructure. The risks are minimal. • Effects on agriculture and the environment. The risks are minimal.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
Relatively speaking, the risks of jail and prison incidents will remain a minimal threat to the County when compared to other hazards. It is important that law enforcement remains in a state of readiness for any incidents that could precipitate a threatening situation.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
In the event that Interstate 10 becomes damaged, it could affect evaluation routes and essential supplies from getting into the prison or jail.

Risks are minimal but have the potential to decrease responder availability during disasters if a facility is damaged. Another possible drain on resources would be in the event of inmate relocation due to damaged facilities or the potential damage to a facility.

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5.3.20 Pipeline Disruption
Severity:3
Probability: 2
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Pipeline Incidents ➢ Desert Water Agency ➢ Western Municipal Water District ➢ City of Banning ➢ City of Beaumont ➢ City of Corona ➢ City of Palm Springs ➢ City of Temecula ➢ Riverside Community College District
➢ San Gorgonio Memorial Hospital
Hazard Definition
There are many pipeline distribution systems that transit Riverside County, including systems for water, natural gas, and petroleum products.

Identifying Natural Gas Pipeline Hazards (SHMP)
The U.S. is heavily dependent on transmission pipelines to distribute energy and fuel sources. Virtually all-natural gas, which accounts for about 32 percent of the energy consumed annually, is transported by transmission pipelines. Energy demand in the U.S. continues to increase. Although California is a leader in exploring and implementing alternative energy sources such as wind and solar, the expansion of traditional energy sources continues. Increased urbanization is resulting in people living and working close to existing gas transmission pipelines that were placed prior to government agencies adopting and implementing land use and other pipeline safety regulations.

Compounding the potential risk is the age and gradual deteriorating of the gas transmission system due to natural causes. Significant failure, including pipe breaks and explosions, can result in loss of life, injury, property damage, and environmental impacts.

Causes of and contributors to pipeline failures include construction errors, material defects, internal and external corrosion, operational errors, control system malfunctions, outside force damage, subsidence, and seismicity. Growth in population, urbanization, and land development near transmission pipelines, together with the addition of new facilities to meet new demands, may increase the likelihood of pipeline damage due to human activity and the exposure of people and property to pipeline failures.

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Figure 33: California Gas Lines
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Figure 33 Continued
Source: https://energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/Natural_Gas_Pipelines_ADA.pdf

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Major water conveyance systems consist of the Colorado River Aqueduct operated by Metropolitan Water District (MWD) of Southern California, the California Aqueduct operated by the State Department of Water Resources (DWR), and water distribution lines operated by MWD.

A major pipeline carrying natural gas parallels Interstate 10 and Highway 60 throughout the County. This pipeline brings gas from the southwestern states into Southern California.

Petroleum products are stored and distributed at many major areas throughout the County. Of particular interest are the aviation fuel tanks and pipelines located at March Air Reserve Base. Although under the control of the U.S. Government, their potential for impact on the surrounding area is of interest to the County.

History
Riverside County has not experienced a large-scale pipeline disruption. However, there are multiple small incidents on a yearly basis that are handled by the respective resource provider.

Risk Assessment
A rupture of the main line with a major release could have serious effects in terms of flooding and property damage. A gas line rupture could explode causing serious property damage and loss of life. • Effects on people and housing. The consequences to people and housing from pipeline disruption can range from flooding to explosion, both could be quite severe. This can impact the public’s confidence in the jurisdictions ability to govern following an incident.
• Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Similarly, the effects on commercial and industrial structures from flooding or explosion could be severe. • Effects on agriculture and the environment. In the same way, the effects on agriculture and the environment from flooding or explosion could be severe.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
Pipelines are vulnerable to especially with the possibility of an earthquake, causing significant breakage. The degree of damage county-wide for a given rupture would be minimal, even though there might be significant injuries, loss of life and property in the Riverside Operational Area
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immediate area of the incident, depending on what kind of pipe ruptures and where the rupture occurs.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Pipeline incidents may lead to flooding, fires and contamination by air, water, and land.

Incidents with natural gas or petroleum product pipelines may lead to explosion and fire.

5.3.21 Landslide
Severity: 3
Probability: 3
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Landslide Incidents ➢ Most mountain areas within the County Hazard Definition
Like its earthquake-generating faults, California’s mountainous terrain is also a consequence of dynamic geologic processes in operation as the North American Plate grinds past the Pacific Plate. More than one-third of California is mountainous terrain that generally trends parallel to the coast, forming a barrier that captures moisture from offshore storms originating in the Gulf of Alaska and Mexico. Steep topography, weak rocks, heavy winter rains, and occasional earthquakes all lead to slope failures more frequently than would otherwise occur under gravity alone.

A landslide is the breaking away and gravity-driven downward movement of hill slope materials, which can travel at speeds ranging from fractions of an inch per year to tens of miles per hour depending on the slope steepness and water content of the rock/soil mass.

Landslides range from the size of an automobile to a mile or more in length and width and, due to their sheer weight and speed, can cause serious damage and loss of life.

Their secondary effects can be far reaching; for example, catastrophic flooding can result from the sudden release of river water impounded by landslide debris or slope failure of an earthen dam.

Although the area affected by a single landslide is less than that of earthquakes, landslides are pervasive in California’s mountainous terrain and occur far more often, resulting in cumulative losses approaching $200 million in a given year. Average annual landslide losses in California are estimated at about $100 million. Because landslides

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occur as isolated events in both time and location, and there is presently no systematic means in place for documenting their losses, landslide hazard is often underestimated or goes unrecognized in the policy arena, even though landslides continue to cause millions of dollars in cumulative damage to California’s homes, businesses, and infrastructure.

A landslide is a geologic hazard where the force of gravity combines with other factors to cause earth material to move or slide down an incline. Some landslides move slowly and cause damage gradually, whereas others move so rapidly that they can destroy property and take lives suddenly and unexpectedly. Slopes with the greatest potential for sliding are between 34 degrees and 37 degrees. Although steep slopes are commonly present where landslides occur, it is not necessary for the slopes to be long.

Landslides, rock falls, and debris flows occur continuously on all slopes; some processes act very slowly, while others occur very suddenly, often with disastrous results. As human populations expand over more of the land surface, these processes become an increasing concern.

The most common types of landslides are (U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S.

Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 2004-3072, July 2004):

Slides- Although many types of mass movements are included in the general term "landslide," the more restrictive use of the term refers only to mass movements, where there is a distinct zone of weakness that separates the slide material from the more stable underlying material.

Falls- Abrupt movements of masses of geologic materials, such as rocks and boulders that become detached from steep slopes or cliffs.

Topples- Toppling failures are distinguished by the forward rotation of a unit or units about some pivotal point, below or low in the unit, under the actions of gravity and forces exerted by adjacent units or by fluids in cracks.

Flows– There are five basic categories of flows that differ from one another in fundamental ways.
a. Debris flows: A debris flow is a form of rapid mass movement in which a combination of loose soil, rock, organic matter, air, and water mobilize as a slurry that flows downslope.
b. Debris avalanche: This is a variety of very rapid to extremely rapid debris flow. c. Earthflow: The slope material liquefies and runs out, forming a bowl or depression at the head. The flow itself is elongate and usually occurs in fine-grained materials Riverside Operational Area
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or clay-bearing rocks on moderate slopes and under saturated conditions.

However, dry flows of granular material are also possible. d. Mudflow: A mudflow is an earthflow consisting of material that is wet enough to flow rapidly and that contains at least 50 percent sand-, silt-, and clay-sized particles. In some instances, for example in many newspaper reports, mudflows and debris flows are commonly referred to as "mudslides." e. Creep: Creep is the imperceptibly slow, steady, downward movement of slope- forming soil or rock.

Lateral Spreads- Lateral spreads are distinctive because they usually occur on very gentle slopes or flat terrain. The dominant mode of movement is lateral extension accompanied by shear or tensile fractures. The failure is caused by liquefaction, the process whereby saturated, loose, cohesionless sediments (usually sands and silts) are transformed from a solid into a liquefied state.

The geologic setting of southern California locally is conducive to slope failures and slope- failure deposits (landslides) that can be a hazard to human life and property. These hazards are created when geologic materials are displaced down a topographic slope under the influence of gravity. Factors that determine slope-failure occurrence include:

1. Slope angle

2. Geologic materials (substrate)

3. Climatic conditions

4. Earthquake shaking

5. Debris Flows
Sudden "mudslides" gushing down rain-sodden slopes and gullies are widely recognized by geologists as a hazard to human life and property. Most "mudslides" are localized in small gullies, threatening only those buildings and roadways in their direct path. They can burst out of the soil on almost any rain-saturated hill when rainfall is heavy enough. Often, they occur without warning in localities where they have never been seen before.

There are predictable relationships between local geology and landslides, rockfalls and debris flows. Knowledge of these relationships can improve planning and reduce vulnerability. Slope stability is dependent on many factors and their interrelationships, including rock type, pore water pressure, slope steepness, and natural or human-caused undercutting. Slope and geologic conditions are identified in Map 37 & 38.

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Riverside County has a history of landslides during seasons of high precipitation.

History
January 2023– Landslides reported in Western Riverside due to an Atmospheric River October 2022- Landslide on Highway 74 in Hemet
February 2019– Mud and debris flows resulting from heavy rains on the Holy Fire Burn Scar around Lake Elsinore
November 2018– Mud and debris flows occurred in the Temescal Valley due to rainstorms
July 2017– Mud and debris Flows resulting from a thunderstorm in Mecca January 2016 – Landslides near Banning resulted from a low 4.3 magnitude earthquake December 2014 – Mud Flow in Gilman Springs, San Jacinto 2002 – Landslide on Highway 60 in San Timoteo Badlands
Risk Assessment
There is a continuing risk of landslides during seasons of high precipitation. In addition, earthquakes could also cause significant landslides. The County has a great deal of hilly and mountainous terrain increasing the likelihood of a landslide incident. • Effects on people and structures. Landslides constitute a threat to property, road safety, and life. Small landslides would not pose a serious risk. However, there is a possibility that a severe landslide in a populated area could cause significant damage and risk to life. The impact in the public’s confidence in the jurisdictions ability to govern following one of these incidents would be low due to pre identified plans and resources available to the County and OA in these events. • Effects on infrastructure. Landslides can cause disruptions in power supply pipelines, power and telephone poles, and County roads and highways. • Effect on Critical Facilities. An initial review of known landslide locations and the location of critical facilities indicates that there does not appear to be any of these facilities in close proximity to a Landslide Management Zone. • Effects on agriculture & the environment. Similar to the threats to people and structures, small landslides would not pose a serious risk. However, there is the Riverside Operational Area
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possibility that a severe landslide could cause significant damage and risk of life to elements of the agricultural industry. The environment could be impacted somewhat due to debris flows however most areas where this is prone to occurring would align with burn scars where the environment has already been impacted.

The debris flows would delay the regrowth of local plants.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
Landslides are a continuing risk in Riverside County, especially during seasons of high precipitation. History has shown also that many landslides occur in areas where landslides have not been predicted.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
As noted, landslides can be the result of an earthquake or severe weather. The starting mechanism for a landslide will determine some of the cascading events. The end result is if a landslide occurs in a populated area, or area used by people, earth materials can cover or impede the area as described above. If a landslide were to impact power lines or other utility systems a cascading effect could be power, utility or sewer loss.

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Map 7: Riverside County Surface Materials
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Map 8: Riverside County Slope Instability Map

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5.3.22 Hazardous Materials Incident
Severity: 3
Probability: 4
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Hazardous Materials Incidents ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
Hazardous materials (Hazmat), consist of substances thatby their nature, lack of containment, and reactivity, have the capabilityfor inflictingharm. Hazmat poses a threat tohealth and the environment when improperly managed. Hazmat can be toxic, corrosive, flammable,explosive, reactive, an irritant, ora strong sensitizer. Hazmat substances also include certain infectious agents, radiological materials, oxidizers, oil, used oil, petroleum products, and industrialsolid waste substances.

Hazardous materialscan posea threat where they are manufactured, stored, transported, or used.They are used in almost every manufacturing operation and by retailers, service industries, and homeowners.

Hazardous material incidents areone of the most commonthreats to public health and the environment. Incidentsmay occur asthe result of natural disasters, human error, terrorism, and/or accident.

Hazmat incidents typically take five forms:

1. Fixed facility incidents
• Laws require those facilities to notify state and local authorities about what is being used or produced there and incidents with the materials can be planned for.

2. Transportation incidents
• Transportation incidents are more difficult to prepare for because it is impossible to know what material(s) could be involved untilan accident occurs.

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3. Pipeline incidents • Pipelines carry natural gas and petr oleum. Breakages inpipelines carry
differing amounts of danger, depending on where and how the break occurs, and what is in the pipe.

4. Terrorism incidents (or suspected Terrorism) • Intentional acts involving violence and/ or the threat of violence. Similar to transportation incidents, these occurrences are more difficult to prepare for due to unknown locations and substances.

5. Illegal Disposal / Abandonment • Similar to transportation incidents, these occurrences are more difficult to prepare for due to unknown locations and substances.

History
Many forms of hazardous materials are present in both therural and urban areas of Riverside County. They are present in permanent storage locations, roadway and railway transport mediums, long-distance pipelines, and at various industrial and agricultural application sites. TheCounty’s location, with itsrail and highway transportation routes, and various industries,hasa growing potential for serious hazardous materials incidents. Interstates 10, 15 and 215, and State Highways 60 and 91 are all heavily traveled by trucks.Those trucks carrya wide variety of hazardous materials includinggasoline, corrosives, oxidizers, pesticides, andradioactive materials.

The railroad lines traveling throughout the County also carry some extremely hazardous cargoes.Fortunately, the railroadshavea good safety record with regard to the transportation of hazardous materials.

Traffic on railroads isnot as prevalent as on truck routes in Riverside County but poses a much greater problem when an accident is involved due to the volumes of hazardous materials on board.

There isa great deal of airtraffic alongthe airways above Riverside County with the March Air Reserve Base Palm Springs International Airport, French Valley Airport, Hemet-Ryan Airport, Riverside Municipal Airport, Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport and Bermuda Dunes Airport all operating within the County. The potentialfora hazardous materials incident exists,especially with respect to military operations.

There are many pipeline distribution systems that traverse the County.These are discussed in Section 5.3.20.

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Table 56: History of Hazmat Incidents in 2021/2022
The Riverside County Department of Environmental Health Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Program handled over 977 incidents in fiscal year (FY21/22) often in conjunction with Cal Fire countywide except for a few cities that handled Haz Mat incidents within their jurisdiction. The incidents cover all areas described in the definition section.

The administering agencies within Riverside County are responsible forthe control of fixed hazardous materials facilities, including the Participating Agencies of Riverside Fire Department and Corona Fire Department.

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Risk Assessment
The number of hazardous materialstransported over rail and roadways ona daily basis is unknown, but estimated to be steadily increasing as our economy grows. There isthe potential fora hazardous materials incident almost anywhere on the numerous highways and roadsthat crisscross Riverside County.The greatest concern focuses on the10, 15, 60, 91,and 215 freeways. The most vulnerable areasalong theseroutes are considered to be the on/off ramps and interchanges.

A major concern withthe trucking industry is the safe operation of theirtrucks.Withthe deregulation of the trucking industry, spot checks of trucks in many states, including California,have shown that a large percentage of trucks currently in service are not in safe enough condition to be operated on public highways.

Many industries are moving into the County.Many facilities exist today, with more construction forecast. To support these industries, the County is likely to realize a large increase in the transportation of toxic, flammable, and corrosive materials into and out of the County. With the increased use ofhazardous materials, there is an increased need for safe hazardous waste management anddisposal.There will be the increased transportation of hazardous materials waste to proper disposal sites located outside of Riverside County.

Illegal dumping and clandestine drug labs are alsoa hazardous materials problem.

Although not exclusive to Riverside County, the County isa target for these activities due to its accessibility in the outlying areas andthe open living conditions in the mountain and desert areas.

No Class I landfills are operated in Riverside County. Seven Class III landfills areactive in Riverside County. All accept only non-hazardous solid wastes and are located in unincorporated areas. Six of these landfills are operated by the Riverside County Waste ResourcesDepartment, while one (El Sobrante) is privately owned and operated. The El Sobrante, Badlands, Lamb Canyon, and Blythe landfills currently accept waste from outside of Riverside County. Blythe, however, only takes small loads or may refuse to accept waste because it is a relatively small facility. Hazardous waste generators include food and beverage processorsas well as battery,
semi- conductor,and metal container manufacturers, as well as automobile repair facilities, munition manufacturers, utility districts, and other industries. Although hazardouswaste generators are scattered throughout Riverside County,most of the large generators of hazardous waste are located in the western portion ofthe County, including in the cities of Corona, Jurupa Valley, Riverside, and Temecula.

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Nearly all of Riverside County residents have some type ofhazardous materials in their homes. Examples include motor oil, paints, cleaners, aerosols, and pesticides. Household hazardous materials pose serioushealth issues for people who improperly use or dispose of these materials. Adverse environmental impacts canoccur when householdhazardous materials are disposed of in unlined sanitary landfills, wherethese materials may leach through the soil and contaminate groundwater.

Medical facilities, including clinics,hospitals, professional offices, bloodand plasma centers, and medical research facilities generatea wide variety of hazardous substances.

These substancesmay includecontaminated medical equipment or supplies, infectious biological matter, prescription medicines, and radioactive materials used in medical procedures. The disposal of medical waste is achieved by on-site autoclaving of red- bagged waste (any medical waste that could possibly transmita pathogen) and subsequently transported toa Class III landfill, or to a permitted incinerator. The Riverside County Department of Environmental Health has regulatory control over the disposal of medical and biological waste.
• Effects on people and housing. Historical events in Riverside County have necessitated evacuations when a Hazmat incident occurs. Relative to some of the other natural hazards assessed earlier in this LHMP, the numbers of people affected by Hazmat incidents are usually less. The impact on the public’s confidence in a jurisdictions ability to govern would be minimal. • Effects on commercial and industrial structures. There may be economic consequences due to Hazmat incidents, but the damage is generally limited to clean-up of facilities and grounds, or simply an interruption of business due to evacuation.
• Effects on infrastructure. Hazmat incidents involving transportation may result in downed power lines. Also, Hazmat materials may impact waterways and drainage systems, and incidents can lead to the evacuation of schools, business districts, and residential areas.
• Effects on agriculture & the environment. As noted previously, there is a long history of agricultural production in Riverside County. Agricultural activities typically include the storage and periodic application of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, as well as the storage and use of toxic fuels and solvents. The infiltration of these substances may leach into local groundwater supplies, presenting an elevated risk of groundwater contamination.

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Risk Assessment Conclusion
AlthoughHazmat incidents can have serious property damage and even loss of life, Hazmat accidents do notgenerally affect extremely large areas. Hazmat incidents present a real danger and are highly unpredictable interms of determining when or where they will occur, but generally do not posea serious threat to the ability of Riverside County to respond. Reasonable preparation by law enforcement, fire department, and medical community enables the County to deal withthe majority of likely events. Many emergency workers prepare for Hazmat events as part of theirongoing training. Agencies and facilities are alsoroutinely equipped to deal with most eventsthat might occur.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Besides the immediateeffect ofahazardous materials incident at the scene of the emergency, there are ancillary effects as well.For instance, there maybe impactson waterwaysand drainage systems, and the evacuation of schools, business districts, and residentialareas.

Map 39: Hazardous Material Facilities within the OA

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5.3.23 Water Supply Disruption/Contamination
Severity: 2
Probability: 3
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Hazardous Materials Incidents ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
People exposed to water supply disruption or toxic pollutants caused by contaminations may be threatened by a number of health risks: • Dehydration, hepatitis, and cancer • Eating contaminated food products, such as fish from contaminated waters; meat, milk, or eggs from animals that fed on contaminated plants; and fruits and vegetables grown in contaminated soil
• Drinking water contaminated by toxic pollutants • Ingesting contaminated soil. Young children are especially vulnerable because they often ingest soil from their hands or from objects, they place in their mouths • Touching (making skin contact with) contaminated soil, dust, or water (for example, during recreational use of contaminated water bodies)
Risk Assessment
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, there are four major types of drinking water contamination: physical, chemical, biological, and radiological.

Physical contaminants primarily impact the physical appearance or other physical properties of water. Examples of physical contaminants are sediment or organic material suspended in the water of lakes, rivers, and streams from soil erosion.

Chemical contaminants are elements or compounds. These contaminants may be naturally occurring or human-caused. Examples of chemical contaminants include nitrogen, bleach, salts, pesticides, metals, toxins produced by bacteria, and human or animal drugs.

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Biological contaminants are organisms in water. They are also referred to as microbes or microbiological contaminants. Examples of biological or microbial contaminants include bacteria, viruses, protozoan, and parasites.

Radiological contaminants are chemical elements with an unbalanced number of protons and neutrons resulting in unstable atoms that can emit ionizing radiation.

Examples of radiological contaminants include cesium, plutonium, and uranium.

Source: https://www.epa.gov/ccl/types-drinking-water-contaminants Ground water contamination is also a major threat because of its use for drinking water and irrigation. Potential groundwater contaminants include storage tanks, septic systems, hazardous waste, landfills, chemicals and road salts, and littering.

Map 40: Water Systems in Riverside County
Source: waterboards.maps.arcgis.com
Map illustrated water systems in Riverside County. Blue stars represent in compliance water systems, red stars are systems out of compliance. • Effects on people and housing. The effect on housing is relatively low, but the effect on people may be devastating. Though the County encourages residents to store at least 72 hours of water for their household, the reality is only a small percentage actual partake in that practice. This means that in the event of disruption or contamination that renders usable water sources limited, people may become dehydrated and suffer from other serious health issues such as cancer.

In the event that contamination happens during the summer months when temperatures reach 90-105, the population is at an even higher risk. The impact

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on the public’s confidence in the jurisdictions ability to govern following an incident would be minimal.
• Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The effect to structures is relatively low.
• Effects on infrastructure. The effect to structures is relatively low. • Effects on agriculture and the environment. Water contamination could devastate agriculture in Riverside County. The contaminant could be poisonous to crops and livestock. Depending on the level of exposure, entire field could be damaged to the point of total loss. This can impact the Environment overall as pollutants could kill off plants leading to death of animals reliant upon the effected plant life.

History
March 2, 2017– 198 residents were exposed to water contaminated with uranium in the unincorporated area of Pinyon Pines.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
Due to high levels of monitoring and preparedness within water agencies, the threat of water contamination is fairly low. However, it could greatly impact the county if it is caused by a cascading event such as an earthquake.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
The loss of water could drastically affect other human-caused and natural hazards. In the event of an earthquake where pipelines are damaged, it could greatly reduce the amount of water available to fight fires. The amount of water available to residents would also be drastically reduced.

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Section 6.0 National Flood Insurance Program
Public Law 90‐448 of 1968, known as the National Flood Insurance Act, established the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) which provides for federal government underwriting of flood insurance policies sold by private companies. Supported by a national mapping system showing boundaries for 100‐ and 500‐year floodplains, the NFIP encourages local governments to direct development away from floodplain areas or mitigate flood risks through local floodplain management regulations. Through the Community Rating Service (CRS), the NFIP provides for financial incentives in the form of lower insurance rates for local communities encouraging mitigation of flood hazards in a manner parallel to rate incentives related to private fire insurance and enforced by the mortgage industry. The National Flood Insurance Act was modified in 1994 to provide for flood hazard mitigation planning and project grants.

The unincorporated community of Riverside County joined the NFIP on April 15, 1980.

Currently, unincorporated Riverside County is one of 30 local communities that participate in the NFIP. Please refer to the table on the following page for participating jurisdictions.

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Table 57: Jurisdictions and Authorities Participating with National Flood Insurance Program

CID COMMUNITY
NAME

INIT FHBM INIT FIRM

IDENTIFIED

CURR EFF

MAP DATE

REG-EMER
DATE

IDENTIFIED
TRIBAL
060763E AGUA CALIENTE

BAND OF

CAHUILLA

INDIANS TRIBE
06/21/74 03/02/83 04/19/17 06/21/96 Yes
060246# BANNING 03/15/74 10/17/78 08/28/08 10/17/78 No
060247# BEAUMONT 04/05/74 10/17/78 08/18/14 10/17/78 No 060248# BLYTHE 05/10/74 06/30/76 (NSFHA) 06/30/76 No
060740# CALIMESA- 08/28/08 08/28/08 05/01/91 No
060753E CANYON LAKE- 05/15/80 04/19/17 09/15/98 No
060704# CATHEDRAL CITY- 05/01/85 08/28/08 11/12/82 No
060249H COACHELLA, 05/17/74 09/30/80 03/06/18 03/07/18 (S) No 060250# CORONA 05/24/74 05/15/78 08/28/08 05/15/78 No
060251# DESERT HOT

SPRINGS
05/24/74 04/02/79 08/28/08 04/02/79 No
060155# EASTVALE- 08/28/08 08/28/08 06/05/13 No
060253E HEMET 05/24/74 09/29/78 04/19/17 09/29/78 No
060254E INDIAN WELLS 06/28/74 09/14/79 04/19/17 09/14/79 No 060255E INDIO 05/31/74 09/14/79 03/06/18 09/14/79 No

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060286# JURUPA VALLEY- 08/18/14 08/18/14 09/23/13 No
060709E LA QUINTA- 06/19/85 04/19/17 07/01/85 No
060636E LAKE ELSINORE 06/28/74 09/17/80 04/19/17 09/17/80 No 060176E MENIFEE- 08/28/08 04/19/17- 05/03/12 No
065074# MORENO VALLEY- 06/18/87 08/18/14 06/18/87 No
060751# MURRIETA- 04/15/80 08/28/08 06/09/93 No
060256# NORCO 05/17/74 02/15/79 08/28/08 02/15/79 No
060629E PALM DESERT 06/14/77 04/15/80 04/19/17 04/15/80 No 060257E PALM SPRINGS 06/21/74 03/02/83 04/19/17 03/02/83 No 060258# PERRIS 09/06/74 04/16/79 08/18/14 04/16/79 No
060259E RANCHO MIRAGE- 09/14/79 04/19/17 09/14/79 No
060245E RIVERSIDE
COUNTY
- 04/15/80 03/22/22 04/15/80 No
060260# RIVERSIDE 07/19/74 01/06/83 08/28/08 01/06/83 No 065056E SAN JACINTO- 09/28/73 04/19/17 09/28/73 No
060742# TEMECULA- 09/02/93 08/28/08 08/28/91 No
060221# WILDOMAR- 08/28/08 08/28/08 01/20/11 No
(E) Indicates Entry in Emergency Program
(S) Indicates Suspended Community
NSFHA: No Special Flood Hazard Area

6.1 Community Rating System
The County of Riverside and all cities within the County participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Riverside County Ordinance NO. 458 Regulating Special Flood Hazard Areas and Implementing the National Flood Insurance Program was last updated on January 25, 2022.

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Riverside County also participates in the Community Rating System (CRS). The rating system is a voluntary NFIP program that aims to reduce flood damages to insurable property, strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the NFIP, and encourage a comprehensive approach to floodplain management. In addition to the county, several cities participate in CRS including Lake Elsinore, Moreno Valley, Murrieta, and Palm Springs.

The most active in the Community Rating System within the County is Riverside County and the City of Palm Springs. Their high scores in the system allow residents within their communities to receive a 20 percent discount on their flood insurance premium which is the highest discount off of flood insurance (Class 6).

Table 58: Community Rating System Eligible Communities
Community
Number
Community
Name
CRS
Entry
Date
Current
Effective
Date
Current
Class
%
Discount
for SFHA
Status
060245
Riverside
County
10/01/10 04/01/226 20C
060636
Lake
Elsinore 10/01/09 05/01/14
8 10C
065074
Moreno
Valley 10/01/91 10/01/96
8 10C
060751 Murrieta 10/01/97 05/01/1895C
060257
Palm
Springs
10/01/92 05/01/116 20C
Note: SFHA, Special Flood Hazard Areas
Source https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema-crs-eligible- communities_apr-2022.pdf

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6.2 Repetitive Loss Properties
Areas which have flooded in the past are highly likely to experience recurring flooding.

The repetitive nature of flood damage is cause for concern. FEMA, in coordination with the state, identifies California’s top Repetitive Loss (RL) Communities. Riverside County is not a top Repetitive Loss community. Riverside County unincorporated areas only have eleven identified repetitive loss properties. That is an increase of four properties since the 2012 plan. Two of the eleven repetitive loss properties have been mitigated and the Riverside County Flood Control District is investigating ways to mitigate the remaining nine properties so as to avoid future flooding incidents. Options being considered are both structural and non-structural mitigation measures.

Table 59: Riverside County Repetitive Loss Properties
City Mitigated? Insured? Date of Loss Date of Loss Total Paid LAKE ELSINORE YES NO 02/14/1980 01/05/1979 $91,618.83
LAKE ELSINORE NO NO 12/04/1982 03/15/1980 $21,052.64
LAKE ELSINORE NO NO 04/15/1983 08/11/1980 $ 6,436.09
HEMET YES NO 03/02/1983 09/06/1981 $ 2,684.06
RIPLEY NO NO 09/23/1983 07/23/1983 $ 6,602.15
CORONA NO NO 01/04/1995 12/04/1987 $ 70,282.69
THOUSAND PALMS NO NO 12/22/2010 10/17/2005 $ 26,331.18
THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 02/25/2005 $ 44,272.25 THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 12/22/2010 $ 29,896.05 THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 12/22/2010 $ 33,345.35 THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 01/22/2010 $ 119,638.09 Riverside Operational Area
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Section 7.0 – Capabilities Assessment

7.1 Regulatory Mitigation Table
Table 60: Regulatory Tools
Regulatory Tool Yes/No Comments
General Plan Yes General Plan updated 2021
Zoning Ordinance Yes
Amended through Ordinance No. 348.4978
on January 25, 2022: Providing for Land Use
Planning
And Zoning Regulations and
Related Functions of the
County of Riverside effective 02/24/22
Subdivision Ordinance Yes Amended through Ordinance No. 460.154 on September 19, 2017: Subdivision Regulations
Site Plan Review Requirements Yes
Adopted updates to General Plan on
December 15, 2015, Building and Safety
Department submission requirements
Growth Management Ordinance Yes Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015,
Floodplain Ordinance Yes
Adopted updates to General Plan on
December 15, 2015, Riverside County
Ordinance No. 458: Regulating Flood
Hazards and Implementing the National Flood
Insurance Program, last amended 8/28/08
Other special purpose ordinance
(storm water, water conservation,
wildfire)
Yes
Adopted updates to General Plan on
December 15, 2015, Riverside County
Ordinance No. 754: Establishing
Stormwater/Urban Runoff Management and
Discharge Controls, Ordinance No. 859: The
Water Efficient Landscaping Requirements,
Ordinance No, 787: Adopting the 2016
California Fire Code as Amended 1/1/17.

Building Code Yes
Riverside County Ordinance 457: Building
Codes and Fees, California Building Code,
2022
Fire Department ISO rating Yes Rating: 4 (Under reevaluation, expected update in October 2017)
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Erosion or sediment control program Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015
Storm Water Management Program Yes
Riverside County Ordinance No. 754:

Establishing Stormwater/Urban Runoff
Management and Discharge Controls,
Riverside County Flood Control Storm Water
Protection Program
Capital Improvements Plan Yes CIP Budget and proposals updated in November 2015
Economic Development Plan Yes
Riverside County Economic Development
Strategic Action Plan – 2013-2016, Riverside
County Economic Development Strategy
(CEDS) 2015/2016 Annual Update
Local Emergency Operations Plan Yes Riverside County Emergency Operations Plan updated in February 2006
Flood Insurance Study or other
engineering study for streams Yes
County of Riverside Environmental Impact
Report No. 521, Section 4.11 March 2014,
Riverside County Unincorporated Areas Flood
Insurance Study, 2008
Master Drainage Plan Yes

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7.2 Administrative/Technical Mitigation Table
Table 61: Administrative/Technical Mitigation Tools
Department/Position Yes/No Personnel/Resources
Agricultural Commissioner’s Office Yes Agricultural Biologist, EOC Responders Assessor’s Office Yes Parcels information, Loss Estimates, Planners
Environmental Health Yes Program Chief, Hazmat and Environmental Specialist, EOC Responder’s
Public Health Yes Nurses, Program Managers, EOC
Responder’s, Behavioral Health programs
that provide resources and information for
community members and mentally ill
individuals.

Emergency Management Department Yes Division Chiefs, Program Coordinators, Emergency Services Coordinators,
Administrative Services Personnel
Emergency Medical Yes EMS Specialist, Agency Chief, EOC Responder’s
Animal Services Yes Chief Operations, Executive Management, Animal Control Officers, Administrative
Personnel, EOC Responder’s, Riverside
Emergency Animal Rescue System
(R.E.A.R.S.)
Riverside County Fire Yes Firefighters I/II, Engineers, Captains, Battalion Chiefs, Division Chiefs, Deputy
Chiefs, County Fire Chief, Prevention
Specialists, Forester’s, Emergency Services
Coordinators, Emergency Services program
Supervisor, Deputy Director, Incident
Management Teams, Administrative
Services Personnel
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Flood Control Yes Flood Control Specialist and Managers, Engineers, GIS Specialists, EOC
Responders
Sheriff’s Office Yes Sherriff’s Emergency Response Team (SERT) members, EOC Responders
Roads Yes Engineers, EOC Responder’s, Highway
Operations Superintendent
Building and Safety Planning Dept. Yes Planners, Principal Building Inspectors, Engineers, EOC Responders
Geographic Information System Yes GIS Specialist, CIS Supervisors, GIS Analysts, EOC Responders
Information Technology Yes Chief Information Officer, IT Officers, EOC Responders, Communication, Field assets,
IT Support
Air Quality Management District Yes Air Monitoring
Waste Management Yes Operations Supervisor, Hazardous Waste Supervisor, Specialist, Engineers
Disaster Corps Yes Trained Volunteers, Deployment Capabilities both in the Operational Area and Statewide.

Radio Amateur Civil Emergency
Services (R.A.C.E.S.)
Yes Radio Operators, EOC Responders

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7.3 Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities
Table 62: Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities
Financial Resources Accessible/Eligible
to Use (Yes/No)
Comments
Community Development Block
Grants
Yes Must meet eligibility
requirements
Capital improvements project
funding
Yes Funds set aside every
fiscal year for each
Board of Supervisor’s
district
Authority to levy taxes for specific
purposes
Yes With voter approval
Impact fees for new development Yes Planning, Fire, Building & Safety
Incur debt through general obligation
bonds
Yes With voter approval
Incur debt through special tax bonds Yes With voter approval Pre-Hazard Mitigation Grants Yes
Post-Mitigation Grants Yes
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7.4 Funding Opportunities
Table 63: Grant Funding Opportunities for Mitigation
Grant Name Agency Purpose Contact
Resilience Grant
(BRIC)
U.S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To support states, local communities,
tribes and territories as they undertake
hazard mitigation projects, reducing the
risks they face from disasters and natural
hazards.

FEMA
500 C. Street, SW
Washington, DC 20472
Phone: (202) 646-4621
www.fema.gov
Hazard Mitigation Grant
Program
U.S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To prevent future losses of lives property
due to disasters; to implement State of
local hazard mitigation plans; to enable
mitigation measures to be implemented
during immediate recovery from a
disaster; and to provide funding for
previously identified mitigation measures
to benefit the disaster area.

FEMA
500 C Street S.W.

Washington, DC 20472
Phone (202) 646-4621
www.fema.gov
Flood Mitigation Assistance
(FMA) U.S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To help States and communities plan
and carry out activities designed to
reduce the risk of flood damage to
structures insurable under the NFIP.

FEMA
500 C Street S.W.

Washington, DC 20472
Phone (202) 646-4621
www.fema.gov

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Emergency Management
Performance Grants (EMPG)
U. S. Department of
Homeland Security;
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To encourage the development of
comprehensive emergency management
at State and local levels and to improve
emergency management planning,
preparedness, mitigation, response and
recovery capabilities.

FEMA
500 C Street S.W.

Washington, DC 20472
Phone (202) 646-4621
www.fema.gov
Community Development
Grant Program (CDBG)
U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban
Development
To develop viable urban communities by
providing decent housing and a suitable
living environment. Principally for low-to-
moderate income individuals.

HUD
451 7th Street, S. W.

Washington, DC 20410-
7000
Phone: (202) 708-3587
www.hud.gov
Public Assistance Program
(PA)
U.S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To provide supplemental assistance to
States, local governments, and certain
private nonprofit organizations to
alleviate suffering/hardship resulting from
major disasters or emergencies declared
by the President. Under Section 406,
Public Assistance funds may be used to
mitigate the impact of future disasters.

FEMA
500 C Street S.W.

Washington, DC 20472
Phone (202) 646-4621
www.fema.gov
Emergency Watershed
Protection
U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural
Resource
Conservation Service
To provide emergency technical/financial
assistance to install or repair structures
that reduce runoff and prevent soil
erosion to safeguard life and property.

NRCS
PO BOX 2890
Washington, DC 20013
Phone: (202) 720-3527
www.nrcs.usda.gov
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Land and Water Conservation
Fund Grants
U. S. Department of
the Interior, National
Park Service
To acquire and develop outdoor
recreation areas and facilities for the
general public, to meet current and
future needs.

NPS
PO Box 37217
Washington DC 20013-
7127
Phone: (202) 565-1200
www.nps.gov
Disaster Mitigation and
Technical Assistance Grants
U.S. Department of
Commerce, Economic
Development
Administration
To help States and localities to develop
and /or implement a variety of disaster
mitigation strategies.

EDA
Herbert C. Hoover Building
Washington, DC 20230
Phone: (800) 345-1222
www.eda.gov
Watershed Surveys and
Planning
U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural
Resource
Conservation Service
To provide planning assistance to
Federal, State, and local agencies for the
development of coordination water and
related land resources programs in
watersheds and river basins
NRCS
PO Box 2890
Washington, DC 20013
Phone: (202) 720-3527
www.nrcs.usda.gov
National Earthquake Hazards
Reduction Program (NEHRP)
U.S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To mitigate earthquake losses that can
occur in many parts of the nation
providing earth science data and
assessments essential for warning of
imminent damaging earthquakes, land-
use planning, engineering design, and
emergency preparedness decisions.

FEMA
500 C Street S.W.

Washington, DC 20472
Phone (202) 646-4621
www.fema.gov

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Assistance to Firefighters
Grant
U. S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
Competitively awarded project grants to
provide direct assistance, on a
competitive basis, to fire departments for
the purpose of protecting the health and
safety of the public and firefighting
personnel against fire and fire-related
hazards.

FEMA
500 C Street S.W.

Washington, DC 20472
Phone (202) 646-4621
www.fema.gov
Fire Management Assistance
Grants
U. S. Department of
Homeland Security,
Federal Emergency
Management Agency
To provide project grants and the
provision of specialized services for the
mitigation, management, and control of
fires that would constitute a major
disaster.

FEMA
500 C Street S.W.

Washington, DC 20472
Phone (202) 646-4621
www.fema.gov
Engineering for Natural
Hazards
National Science
Foundation
Supports fundamental research that
advances knowledge for understanding and
mitigating the impact of natural hazards on
constructed civil infrastructure.

National Science
Foundation
Phone: (703) 292-7024
https://www.nsf.gov
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7.5 Mitigation Outreach and Partnerships
In addition to the capabilities and funding sources listed in sections 7.1 – 7.4, Riverside County provides training, exercises, workshops and volunteer management to non-profit organizations, faith-based organizations, businesses, and other local municipalities and programs to better accomplish mitigation.

Various communities as well as County of Riverside Emergency Management Department provides Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training to the public and county employees. Following a major disaster, first responders who provide fire and medical assistance will not be able to immediately meet all of the demands for their services. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Program provides for community and employee self-sufficiency in order to meet the general public's urgent life-saving and sustenance needs until emergency personnel arrive. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Program educates people about disaster preparedness and trains them in basic response skills, such as fire safety, light search and rescue, and disaster medial operations. CERT members assist their fellow citizens/coworkers in their community or workplace following a disaster. CERT members take an active role in their community by preparing for a disaster, thus reducing their own impact risk.

There are various jurisdictions that support CERT Programs within the County, including Riverside County EMD, Beaumont, Corona, Indio, La Quinta, Lake Elsinore, Cathedral City, Moreno Valley, Murrieta, Palm Springs, Perris, Riverside, Temecula, San Jacinto, Menifee, Wildomar, Canyon Lake, Rancho Mirage, Desert Hot Springs, Palm Desert, Blythe and the town of Idyllwild.

In addition to the volunteer program, EMD coordinates the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES), a group of licensed radio amateurs who operate during declared emergencies. Once activated by local, county or State jurisdictions, RACES may assist any agency to provide emergency communications support as requested by the County of Riverside. RACES members trains volunteers how to operate amateur radios to mitigate communication failures. RACES members conduct radio tests to ensure critical facilities, including hospitals, maintain redundant communications in case of a failure. The County manages the Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) which coordinates the skills of practicing and retired physicians, nurses and other health professionals as well as other citizens interested in health issues. MRC focuses on these specific personnel who are eager to volunteer in order to address their community's ongoing public health needs and to help their community during large-scale emergency situations. MRC volunteers may also serve a vital role by assisting their communities with ongoing public

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health needs through public awareness of disease outbreaks, immunizations, screenings, health and nutrition education and volunteering in community health centers and local hospitals.

EMD joins forces with the Riverside University Health System – Public Health (RUHS- PH) by providing a flu clinic for community members to receive their flu shot free of charge. This clinic provides a means for the County to mitigate pandemic flu as a hazard by vaccinating more people, reducing the impact or risk of a pandemic flu outbreak.

EMD coordinates with RUHS-PH, the Riverside Emergency Medical Services Agency (REMSA), hospitals, local health care facilities, and other disciplines to develop the annual Statewide Medical Health Exercise (SWMHE). Each year the state selects a scenario focusing on testing objectives designed to improve understanding of response procedures, building collaborative relationships, and identify areas of improvement. The SWMHE plays a critical role in the on-going support to Public Health and Medical preparedness and mitigation efforts by local, regional, and State agencies. Participation in the exercise allows hospitals, ambulance providers, law enforcement, and fire to test and validate policies, plans, procedures, training, equipment, and agreements. In addition, it helps clarify and train personnel in roles and responsibilities, improve interagency coordination, identify gaps in resources and response plans, strengthen relationships among all participating agencies, meet various requirements from regulatory and accreditation agencies.

EMD provides a Healthcare Operations Decontamination (HCO-D) course to train hospital staff and county first responders to improve their abilities, mitigating hazmat incidents. This course allows healthcare workers to improve their response capabilities, reducing the impact of the hazmat incident on patients, community members and their facilities.

Workshops and trainings on plan developing are offered by EMD staff to assist jurisdictions create plans that can address mitigation actions for affecting hazards. For example, Point of Dispensing (POD) trainings and workshops are provided to cities and other disciplines in Riverside County to allow them to be prepared and diminish the effect of a disease outbreak. With the help of EMD, the jurisdictions can create an approved plan that will list some of the actions they have or would like to have in place to prevent their community members from being affected by emerging / re-emergency infectious diseases.

EMD administers the Hospital Preparedness Program (HPP) grant. The grant provides funds to purchase emergency equipment, ensuring hospitals, clinics, and long-term facilities throughout the county are equipped with the proper supplies to help prevent and Riverside Operational Area
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mitigate the effects of disasters. The grant also funds training for healthcare workers to increase their skills and abilities in mitigating hazards.

Citizen Corps Councils have additionally been established in the Temecula, Lake Elsinore, Wildomar and Jurupa Valley. These provide a cadre of credentialed volunteers for the jurisdiction to utilize during a disaster response.

Riverside County has an established General Plan that was updated and adopted in December 2021. According to the County’s Transportation & Land Management Agency (TLMA), the plan is designed to ensure that the County retains its core identity by guiding future growth. This growth should respect the diversity of the region and configure development in relation to the land it occupies and ensures that its various parts relate. It is the County's over-arching policy to document for land use matters. It also determines housing needs, need for roads, and locations for commercial and industrial use will be better suited throughout the County for the next 20 years and beyond. The overall implementation process of the MJLHMP can be supported by the General Plan through the incorporation of mitigation actions, goals, or polices.

The Zoning Ordinance for Riverside County administers the County’s General Plan.

TLMA states that while the General Plan identifies land use designations in the long-term, the Zoning Ordinance identifies specific and immediate uses for land. The General Plan’s successful implementation can only occur if the County of Riverside Zoning Ordinance is updated and consistent with the plan as state law mandates General Plan-Zoning consistency and is able to implement the long-term intent of the Plan. Implementation of mitigation actions that include improving structures can be accomplished by adopting them into this Ordinance.

The Subdivision Ordinance for Riverside County is mandated by State law to conduct a local approval of land subdivision via the Subdivision Map Act. TLMA implies that local review of proposed subdivisions and parcel maps includes assessment of consistency with, and implementation of, the County’s General Plan. This ordinance can have the ability to support the implementation of mitigation objectives and policies stated in the MJLHMP.

7.5.1 Opportunities for Enhancement to Capabilities
The 2021 MJLHMP update provided the County and the participating jurisdictions an opportunity to review and update the capabilities currently in place to mitigate hazards.

This also provided an opportunity to identify where capabilities could be improved or enhanced. Specific opportunities include:

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Safety Plan Update: Riverside County should pursue AB2104 compliance. AB 2140 was passed in 2006, this legislation allows California counties and cities to adopt their current, FEMA-approved local hazard mitigation plans (LHMPs) into the Safety Element of their General Plans. This adoption makes the county eligible to be considered for part or all of its local-share costs on eligible Public Assistance funding to be provided by the state through the California Disaster Assistance Act (CDAA). While Riverside County does identify the MJLHMP within the General Plan Safety Element, the county should incorporate the 2023 MJLHMP to become eligible for CDAA funding in the event of a disaster; this process also ensures further consistency of each plan and provides an opportunity to reference the MJLHMP and enhance the capabilities for implementation of goals and objectives of each plan. A comprehensive update of the Safety Element to include hazards and mitigation strategies addressed in the MJLHMP update will align and integrate the general plan.

Safety Plan Outreach: Riverside County sees opportunity to increase OA emergency manager awareness of the General Plan Safety Element to enhance an understanding of potential impacts from hazards and further develop applicable plans to incorporate all efforts to mitigate threats within the County. Specific actions to improve this include: • Expanding knowledge of the MJLHMP and the General Plan Safety Element to the OA jurisdictional Emergency Managers and County departments who have responsibilities tied to public safety and community development. • Further developing relationships with public safety and community development representatives to create an improved multijurisdictional approach to hazard mitigation.
• Hold additional working sessions with the County Planning Department, the MLJHMP Steering Committee and the Emergency Management Department during updates to the General Planning Safety Element to ensure the capabilities and hazards are addressed effectively.

Training: Provide training opportunities to help inform County staff and OA jurisdictional representatives on how best to integrate hazard information and mitigation projects into their programs. Riverside County has identified an Integrated Preparedness Plan which will incorporates multiple jurisdictions. There are also several financial resources that the County could leverage in the future for funding mitigation training efforts. County EMD staff can attend additional workshops and training regarding grant funding application process and how to develop successful grant applications under applicable hazard mitigation grants. Understanding the types of projects that can be funded, and the components of a successful application will enhance the chances of a successful grant award.

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Hazard Assessment and Project Development Tool Training and Technical Assistance: Providing technical assistance and training for hazard assessment tools and mitigation project development tools such as HAZUS and a Business Cost Analysis (BCA) will allow the County and OA Jurisdictions to improve hazard mitigation overall. County subject matter experts are available to discuss these topics so the OA can improve on these efforts by expanding the number of trained staff within the County.

Hazard Mitigation Specialist: The County could appoint or assign someone in EMD to oversee hazard mitigation grant opportunities. This could be a follow-up goal to the Cal OES grant training. This specialist can notify the County departments and OA jurisdictions of upcoming grant cycles, and support tracking and completing the Notice of Intent (NOI) applications, grant applications, and final grant management reporting requirements.

Related financial opportunities for enhancement should include applying for HMA grants, such as BRIC and HMGP funding as it becomes available. The Hazard Mitigation Specialist should also focus on funding mitigation actions that mitigate critical infrastructure, provide protection for those most vulnerable in the community, address climate change, public health hazards, extreme heat, flooding, other climate-related hazards and needed and related climate adaptation strategies.

Improvement Outreach to disadvantaged communities: The county recently hired additional Emergency Services Coordinators (ESC) with specific tasks of improving community outreach. These ESCs can improve Hazard Mitigation Awareness in targeted communities of the County that are identified as vulnerable or disadvantaged in the Healthy Places Index (HPI) created by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California.

These communities may necessitate more targeted outreach and engagement.

Efforts to improve this could include: • Establishment of focus groups composed for community members identified in the HPI to advise on mitigation efforts and provide feedback on future plan revisions. • Additional integration with Community Based Organizations and Faith Based programs that serve those HPI disadvantaged communities to create hazard mitigation awareness.
• Participation at additional community events within disadvantaged communities to educate the public and solicit public feedback on projects/future plan revisions.

Increased public enrollment of AlertRivCo: Alert RivCo allows emergency managers and public safety-first responders to rapidly alert and warn the public in the event of emergencies. Increasing the public’s awareness in the Alert RivCo through the use of Outreach ESC’s and improving the enrollment process for this system will enhance the Counties ability to reach a larger population in the event of an emergency.

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Section 8.0 – Goals and Strategies

8.1 Goals and Objectives
Goal 1: Reduce Loss of Life and Injuries
Objective 1.1: Provide timely notification and direction to the public in preparation for imminent and potential hazards.

Objective 1.2: Protect public health and safety through mitigation, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the effects of natural, technological or human-caused disasters.

Objective 1.3: Reduce hazard impacts and protect life, property and the environment from damages.

Objective 1.4: Improve understanding of the type, location and effects of hazards and vulnerabilities, as well as measures needed to protect life.

Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.1: Encourage new development to occur in locations that avoid or minimize exposure to hazards. Continue to utilize County Ordinance 458, in concerns to NFIP and flood hazard areas and County Ordinance 460, in concerns to land use.

Objective 2.2: Reduce hazard related property losses by enforcing strong building codes.

Objective 2.3: Reduce repetitive losses for fire, flood, and earthquakes by encouraging protective measures and by anticipating future events.

Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities and services through the implementation of low-cost mitigation strategies.

Objective 2.5: Continue to strengthen land use regulations in high hazard areas.

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Goal 3: Protect the Environment
Objective 3.1: Mitigate the impact of recurring drought conditions that impact both ground water supply and the agricultural industry.

Objective 3.2: Reduce hazards that adversely impact habitats, especially in regions with endangered species.

Goal 4: Maintain Coordination of Disaster Planning and Integrated Public Policy Objective 4.1: Incorporate changes within Cal OES and FEMA that may affect public policy and planning.

Objective 4.2: Incorporate mitigation related activities into other disaster planning mechanisms, such as the Riverside County General Plan and Capital Improvement Plan.

Goal 5: Improve Community and Agency Awareness
Objective 5.1: Increase public threat awareness in concerns to the nature and extent of hazards they may be exposed to and where they can occur.

Objective 5.2: Improve mitigation and hazard related outreach to businesses, county departments, and stakeholders to increase their
understanding of the threats within the county and actions they can take to reduce those hazard impacts.

8.2 Prioritizing Strategies
For the 2023 MJLHMP, the County assessed each strategy based on the goals and objectives in the MJLHMP and the General Plan. The process used by the County to prioritize goals and their respective objectives consisted of an evaluation of the hazards and their threat from the 2023 LHMP reviewing any events that occurred 2017 to 2023 and evaluating these against potential impacts. The participating Cities and Special Districts have identified their mitigation strategies in their stand-alone Annexes that are specific to their area of authority or jurisdiction.

8.3 Future and Current Mitigation Strategies
The Riverside County General Plan, adopted in December 2021, includes the following policies and recommendations for new construction and proposals in Safety Element 4:

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Earthquake Hazards:

S 2.1 * Minimize fault rupture hazards through enforcement of Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act provisions and the following: (AI 80, 91, 152). a) Require geologic studies or analyses for critical structures, lifelines, high- occupancy, schools, and high-risk structures, within 0.5 miles of all Quaternary to historic faults shown on the Earthquake Fault Studies Zones map. The County geologist shall review and make recommendations based on the results to reduce the potential risk. County of Riverside General Plan S-10 September 28, 2021 b) Request geologic trenching studies within all designated Earthquake Fault Studies Zones, unless adequate evidence, as determined by the Riverside County Geologist, is accepted. The County of Riverside may request geologic trenching of non- zoned faults for especially critical or vulnerable structures or lifelines. c) Require that infrastructure systems, such as energy, communications, and transportation infrastructure be designed to resist, without failure to the extent feasible, their crossing of a fault, should fault rupture occur.
d) Support efforts by the California Department of Conservation, California Geological Survey, to develop geologic and engineering solutions in areas of ground deformation due to faulting and seismic activity, in those areas where a fault cannot be reliably located.
e) Encourage and support efforts by the geologic research community to define better the locations and risks of Riverside County faults. Such efforts could include data sharing and database development with regional entities, other local governments, private organizations, utility agencies or companies, and local universities.

Flood Hazards:

S 3.1 * All residential, commercial, and industrial structures should be flood-proofed, to the maximum extent possible and as required by law, from the mapped 100-year storm flow, or to an appropriate level determined by site-specific hydrological studies for areas not mapped by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

This may require that the finished floor elevation be constructed at such a height as to meet this requirement. Nonresidential (commercial or industrial) structures may be allowed with a “flood-proofed” finished floor below the Base Flood Elevation (i.e., 100- year flood surface) to the extent permitted by state, federal, and local regulations. New critical facilities should be constructed above-grade to the satisfaction of the Building Official, based on federal, state, or other reliable hydrologic studies. Residential commercial, and industrial structures shall meet these standards as a condition of approval. (AI 25, 59, 60, 88)

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S 3.2 * Agricultural, recreational, or other low-intensity uses may be allowable within a 100-year floodplain if flood control and groundwater recharge functions are maintained. (AI 25, 59, 60)
S 3.3 * Prohibit alteration of floodways and channelization unless alternative methods of flood control are not technically feasible or alternative methods are used to the maximum extent practicable. The intent is to balance floodway protection with prudent land use solutions, recreational needs, and habitat requirements, and as applicable to provide incentives for natural watercourse preservation. (AI 25, 59, 60) a) Prohibit the construction, location, or substantial improvement of structures in areas designated as floodways, except upon approval of a plan which provides that the proposed development will not result in any significant increase in flood levels during the occurrence of a 100-year flood discharge. b) Prohibit the filling or grading of land for nonagricultural purposes and for non-authorized flood control purposes in areas designated as floodways, except upon approval of a plan which provides that the proposed development will not result in any significant increase in flood levels during the occurrence of a 100-year flood discharge. County of Riverside General Plan S-14 September 28, 2021
S 3.4 * Prohibit substantial modification to watercourses, unless the modification does not adversely affect adjacent wetlands or riparian habitat or become detrimental to adjacent property as a result of increased erosion, sedimentation, or water velocity.

Substantial modifications to watercourses shall be done in the least environmentally damaging manner practicable and shall restore natural conditions to the greatest extent possible, to maintain adequate wildlife corridors and linkages and maximize groundwater recharge. (AI 25, 59, 60, 61)
S 3.5 * Development within the floodway fringe should only be allowed if the proposed structures can be adequately flood-proofed and will not contribute to property damage or risks to public safety, as required by law. Such developments shall be required to be capable of withstanding flooding and minimize the use of fill.

Compatible uses shall not, however, obstruct flows or adversely affect upstream or downstream properties with increased velocities, erosion backwater effects, or concentrations of flows. (AI 25, 59, 60, 61)
S 3.6 * All projects in unincorporated Riverside County should address and mitigate where applicable, adverse impacts to the carrying capacity of local and regional storm drain systems.

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EMD 5.1.25 406 | S e c t i o n 8 S 3.7 Collaborate with neighboring jurisdictions to mitigate the impacts of new development in unincorporated Riverside County that could increase runoff onto parcels downstream in a neighboring jurisdiction and encourage neighboring jurisdictions to require development occurring adjacent to the county to consider the impact of flooding and flood-control measures on properties within unincorporated Riverside County. (AI 62)
S 3.8 * Update stormwater infrastructure design requirements as needed to maintain consistency with federal, state, and local regulatory requirements. (AI 25) S 3.9 * Ensure that new development projects and retrofits to existing large-scale projects incorporate design strategies and features to reduce the area of impervious surfaces. (AI 4, 25, 100, 101, 156)
S 3.10 Collaborate with the Rancho California Municipal Water District, Eastern Municipal Water District, and other dam owners to maintain all dams in Riverside County to a high degree of structural stability.

S 3.11 Consider identifying areas of poor drainage and installing new or upgrade existing drainage systems to accommodate drainage needs. Use natural infrastructure to the extent possible. (AI 148)
Fire Hazards:

S 4.1 * All development and construction within Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall be reviewed by the Riverside County Fire Department and Building and Safety Department for consistency with the following requirements before the issuance of any building permits: (AI 25, 81.1, 81.2, 104.1) a) All proposed development and construction shall meet minimum state, county, and local standards and other legal requirements for fire safety, as defined in the Riverside County Building or Fire Codes, or by County zoning, or as dictated by the Building Official or the Transportation Land Management Agency, based on building type, design, occupancy, and use. b) In addition to the standards and guidelines of the California Building Code, California Fire Code, the Riverside County Code of Ordinances, Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations, and other appropriate fire safety provisions, developments shall incorporate additional standards for high-risk, high- occupancy, and dependent facilities where appropriate under the Riverside County Fire Code (Ordinance No. 787) Ordinance. These shall include assurance that structural and nonstructural architectural elements of the building will not impede

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emergency egress for fire safety staffing/personnel, equipment, and apparatus; nor hinder evacuation from fire, including potential blockage of stairways or fire doors. c) Proposed development and construction in Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall provide secondary public access, in accordance with Riverside County ordinances, where required. There shall be multiple points of ingress and egress that allow for emergency response vehicle access. Points of access shall also include visible street addresses andsigns and sufficient water supplies, infrastructure for structural fire suppression, and other applicable local and state requirements. d) Proposed development and construction in Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall use single loaded roads to enhance fuel modification areas, unless otherwise determined by the Riverside County Fire Chief. e) Proposed development and construction in Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall provide a defensible space or fuel modification zones to be located, designed, constructed, and maintained to provide adequate defensibility from wildfires. f) Prior to the approval of all parcel maps and tentative maps, the County shall require, as a condition of approval and as feasible and appropriate, the developer meet or exceed the State Responsibility Area Fire Safe Regulations and the Fire Hazard Reduction Around Buildings and Structures Regulations, particularly those regarding road standards for ingress, egress, and fire equipment access (see Gov.

Code, Section 66474.02.) g) Proposed development and construction of more than four residential units or more than 10,000 square feet of nonresidential space located in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones, or other appropriate zones as determined by the Riverside County Fire Department, shall submit and implement a fire protection plan as feasible and appropriate. This plan shall include provisions for roadways and access, firefighting infrastructure, signage, vegetation management, construction materials, and evacuations. County of Riverside General Plan S-18 September 28, 2021
S 4.2 Require continued long-term operation and maintenance of fuel breaks, brush management, controlled burning, revegetation, and fire roads by Riverside County and private landowners. (AI 25)
S 4.3 Monitor fire-prevention measures (e.g., fuel reduction) through a site-specific fire- prevention plan to reduce long-term fire risks in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones. (AI 25, 88)
S 4.4 * Discourage development and activities in areas with limited water and access roads, unless adequate measures are implemented. (AI 60) Riverside Operational Area
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S 4.5 * Require proposed development in High or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones be located where fire and emergency services are available or will be constructed as part of the proposed development activities, to the extent such locations are available. These services should meet the minimum response times as established by the Riverside County Fire Department. (AI 60, 61)
S 4.6 * Request that conceptual landscaping plans for development in Fire Hazard Severity Zones be reviewed by TLMA and Fire Department prior to the issuance of development permits. The conceptual landscaping plan of the proposed development should, at a minimum, include: (AI 25) a) Plant palette suitable for high fire hazard areas to reduce the risk of fire hazards. b) Retention of existing natural vegetation to the maximum extent feasible. c) Removal of on-site combustible plants.

S 4.7 * Site design for development in Fire Hazard Severity Zones should be required to account for topographical conditions and reduce the increased risk for sites located near ridgelines, plateau escarpments, saddles, hillsides, peaks, or other areas where the terrain or topography affect its susceptibility to wildfires by: (AI 60, 81.2, 91) a) Providing fuel modification zones with removal of combustible vegetation while minimizing visual impacts and limiting soil erosion. b) Replacing combustible vegetation with fire resistant vegetation to stabilize slopes. c) Submitting topographic map with site-specific slope analysis. d) Submitting erosion and sedimentation control plans. e) Providing a setback from the edge of the fuel modification zones as deemed appropriate by the Fire Department. f) Minimizing disturbance of 25 percent or greater natural slopes. g) Or enacting other efforts as appropriate to provide comparable protection.

S 4.8 * Locate new critical public facilities outside of High or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones or other areas facing elevated risk of wildfire events. Critical facilities include emergency shelters, emergency command and communication facilities, and hospital and healthcare centers. If no feasible alternative site exists, ensure that these facilities incorporate all necessary protections to allow them to continue to serve community needs during and after disaster events. (AI 25, 60) County of Riverside General Plan September 28, 2021,S-19 S 4.9 * Site all new public facilities in areas outside of identified fire hazard severity zones and wildland urban interface or fire threat areas, as feasible. (AI 60)

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S 4.10 * Establish neighborhood and building design standards that minimize fire hazards in high fire hazard severity zones, as feasible.

S 4.11 Collaborate with local governments to establish fire fuel management practices in local and regional parks and open spaces, as feasible
S 4.12 Identify existing public and private roadways in fire hazard areas not in compliance with contemporary fire-safe standards, including road standards, vegetation clearance, and other requirements of Sections 1273 and 1274 of the California Code of Regulations to the extent resources are available. Work at retrofitting County-owned roadways as needed to meet current standards and require private property owners to do the same, to the extent feasible and given the absence of other site constraints. (AI 25, 81.1, 88, 101, 148, 156) S 4.13 Use ongoing brush clearance fire inspections to educate homeowners on fire prevention tips by implementing annual countywide weed abatement program. (AI 25, 96, 97)
S 4.14 Coordinate with local fire agencies to develop high-visibility fire prevention programs, including those offering voluntary home inspections and promoting awareness of home fire prevention measures. (AI 96, 97, 98) General and Long- Range Fire Safety Planning
S 4.15 * Seek to conduct and implement long-range fire safety planning, including stringent building, fire, subdivision, and municipal code standards, improved infrastructure, and improved mutual aid agreements with the private and public sector. (AI 88, 93)
S 4.16 Continue to work cooperatively with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection and Tribal government fire departments to strengthen fire-fighting capabilities and successfully respond to multiple fires. (AI 4, 88, 150) S 4.17 Consider developing a program to use existing reservoirs, tanks, and water wells in the county for emergency fire suppression water sources. County of Riverside General Plan S-20 September 28, 2021
S 4.18 When updating the Safety Element, the Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, or at other times as appropriate, review inter-jurisdictional fire response agreements and improve firefighting resources as recommended in the Riverside County Fire Department Fire Protection Plan and Emergency Medical Riverside Operational Area
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Services (EMS) Strategic Master Plan. Ensure that fire response agreements and firefighting resources are able to meet current and future needs, including increased demand from new development and changing fire regimes. Ensure that:
(AI 4, AI 88, 104, 104.1): • Fire reporting and response times do not exceed the goals listed in the Riverside County Fire Department Fire Protection Plan and EMS Strategic Master Plan identified for each of the development densities described in these plans. • Fire flow requirements (e.g., water for fire protection) are consistent with Riverside County Ordinance 787, including requirements for fire hydrant size and outlets, sprinklers, and other water supply needs. • The planned deployment and height of aerial ladders and other specialized equipment and apparatus are sufficient for future development types. • County firefighting agencies have access to water supplies that are regular, reliable, and sufficient to meet long-term needs, including accounting for changes in water supply availability.

S 4.19 Continue to use the Riverside County Fire Department Fire Protection Plan and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Strategic Master Plan as the foundational document to implement the Safety Element’s goals and objectives. (AI 59, 60, 104.1, 104.4)
S 4.20 * Encourage property owners to use clustering and Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) program when developing lands within Fire Hazard Severity Zones, as appropriate, by: (AI 59, 61) • Exploring restricting the development of a property through placement of conservation easement. • Considering acquiring the conservation easements similar to that of the Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP).

S 4.21 Identify, map, and update Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps on an as-needed continual basis. (AI 25, 91)
S 4.22 Ensure that the Riverside County Fire Department has appropriate municipal staffing and Office of the Fire Marshall staff to address development pressure and adequately respond to expected future fire protection needs. (AI 59) S 4.23 * Implement a coordination program with fire protection and emergency service providers to reassess fire hazards after wildfire events and adjust fire prevention and suppression needs, including needs for new or revised development and reconstruction standards. (AI 104.6)

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S 4.24 Implement a regional coordination program to increase support for coordination among fire protection and emergency service providers. County of Riverside General Plan September 28, 2021,S-21
S 4.25 Implement a long-term fire protection training and education program for government agencies and communities. (AI 93)
S 4.26 Require as feasible automatic natural gas shutoff earthquake sensors in high- occupancy industrial and commercial facilities and encourage these sensors for all residences.

Wind Hazards:

S 3.11 Require studies that address the potential of this hazard on proposed development within “High” and “Very High” wind erosion hazard zones as shown on Figure S-8, Wind Erosion Susceptibility Map.

S 3.12 Include a disclosure about wind erosion susceptibility on property title for those properties located within “High” and “Very High” wind erosion hazard zones as shown on Figure S-8, Wind Erosion Susceptibility Map.

S 3.13 Require buildings to be designed to resist wind loads.

S 3.14 Educate builders about the wind environment and encourage them to design projects accordingly

8.4 On-going Mitigation Strategies

8.4.1 Earthquake Strategies
Retrofitting Against Earthquake:

Earthquake retrofitting measures include removing masonry overhangs that will fall onto the street during shaking. Bracing the building provides structural stability but can be very expensive. Less expensive approaches may be more cost effective for an area like that faces a relatively low earthquake threat. These include tying down appliances, water heaters, bookcases and fragile furniture so they won’t fall over during a quake and installing flexible utility connections that will not break when shaken.

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8.4.2 Flood Strategies
Generally, natural, human-caused, and technological hazards impact people and improved property the most. Vacant space may incur damages as well, but the threat to life and property is greatly decreased. In some cases, properties can be modified so the hazard does not reach the damage-prone improvements. Flooding is the one of those hazards that can be kept away from a structure. There are five common methods to do this:
• Retrofit the building • Create a barrier between the building and the source of flooding • Move the building out of the flood-prone area • Elevate the building above the flood level • Demolish the building Retrofitting Against Flooding:

Flood retrofitting measures include dry flood proofing where all areas below the flood protection level are made watertight. Walls are coated with waterproofing compounds or plastic sheeting. Openings (doors, windows, and vents) are closed, either permanently, with removable shields, or with sandbags. Dry flood proofing of new and existing nonresidential buildings in the regulatory floodplain is permitted under State, FEMA and local regulations. Dry flood proofing of existing residential buildings in the floodplain is also permitted as long as the building is not substantially damaged or being substantially improved. Owners of buildings located outside the regulatory floodplain can always use dry flood proofing techniques.

The alternative to dry flood proofing is wet flood proofing: water is let in and everything that could be damaged by a flood is removed or elevated above the flood level. Structural components below the flood level are replaced with materials that are not subject to water damage. This is the approach used for the first floor of the elevated homes. For example, concrete block walls are used instead of wooden studs and gypsum wallboard. The furnace, water heater, and laundry facilities are permanently relocated to a higher floor.

Where the flooding is not deep, these appliances can be raised on blocks or platforms.

Barriers:

An effective way of keeping flood water away from a structure is to construct a barrier.

This barrier can be built of dirt or soil, berms, concrete, steel, a floodwall or through a simple sand-bagging operation. In areas subject to flash flooding, deep waters, or other high hazard, relocation and evacuation is often the only safe and responsible approach.

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Careful design is needed so as not to create flooding or drainage problems on neighboring properties. Depending on how porous the ground is, if floodwaters will stay up for more than an hour or two, the design needs to account for leaks, seepage of water underneath, and rainwater that falls inside the perimeter. This is usually done with a sump and/or drain to collect the internal groundwater and surface water and a pump and pipe to pump the internal drainage over the barrier.

Barriers can only be built so high. They can be overtopped by higher-than-expected flood waters. Barriers made of earth are susceptible to erosion from rain and floodwaters if not properly sloped, covered with grass, and maintained. A berm can settle over time, lowering its protection level. A floodwall can crack, weaken, and lose its watertight seal.

Therefore, barriers need careful design and maintenance (and insurance on the building, in case of failure).

Relocation:

Moving a structure to higher ground is the surest and safest way to protect it from flooding.

While almost any building can be moved, the cost goes up for heavier structures, such as those with exterior brick and stone walls, and for large or irregularly shaped buildings.

However, experienced building movers can handle most job.

In areas subject to flash flooding, deep waters, or other high hazard, relocation is often the only safe approach. Relocation is also preferred for large lots that include buildable areas outside the floodplain or where the owner has a new flood-free lot (or portion of the existing lot) available.

Elevation:

Raising a building above the flood level can be almost as effective as moving it out of the floodplain. Water flows under the building, causing little or no damage to the structure or its contents.

Raising a building above the flood level is cheaper than moving it and can be less disruptive to a neighborhood. Elevation has proven to be an acceptable and reasonable means of complying with floodplain regulations that require new, substantially improved, and substantially damaged buildings to be elevated above the base flood elevation.

One concern with elevation is that it may expose the structure to greater impacts from other hazards. If not braced and anchored properly, an elevated building may have less resistance to the shaking of an earthquake and the pressures of high winds.

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Demolition:

Some buildings, especially heavily damaged or repetitively flooded ones, are not worth the expense to protect them from future damage. It is cheaper to demolish them and either replace them with new, flood protected structures (“pilot reconstruction”), or relocate the occupants to a safer site. Demolition is also appropriate for buildings that are difficult to move—such as larger, slab foundation, or masonry structures—and for dilapidated structures that are not worth protecting. Generally, demolition projects are undertaken by a government agency, so the cost is not borne by the property owner, and the land is converted to public open space use, such as a park.

One potential problem is sometimes an acquisition and demolition project is a “checkerboard” pattern in which nonadjacent properties are acquired. This can occur when some owners, especially those who have and prefer a waterfront location, prove reluctant to leave. Creating such an acquisition pattern in a community simply adds to the maintenance costs that taxpayers must support.

8.4.3 Fire Strategies
Wildfire:

One way to lessen the threat of a fire is by keeping fuel away from buildings. This is called the concept of “defensible space.” Defensible space involves providing sufficient space between the structure and flammable vegetation.

Within this space, the fire service has room to battle the wildfire before it reaches the structure or to stop a structural fire before it ignites the wildland vegetation. With sufficient defensible space, the structure even has a chance to survive on its own when fire service personnel and equipment are not available, as often happens during a significant wildfire.

The 2003 Fire Siege was perhaps the worst fire disaster in Southern California history.

The firestorm that raged through the region consisted of 14 major fires that quickly exhausted resources and lasted for multiple weeks. The lessons from that fire season served as a warning for everyone living in areas prone to fire danger and resulted in stronger fire prevention and mitigation efforts.

In January 2005 a new state law became effective that extended the defensible space clearance around homes and structures from 30 feet to 100 feet. Proper clearance to 100 feet dramatically increases the chance of your house surviving a wildfire. This defensible space also provides for firefighter safety when protecting homes during a wildland fire.

Riverside County Ordinance No. 859 Water Efficient Landscape Requirements mentions the use of defensible space and avoiding the use of fire-prone plant materials. Ordinance

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No. 695 Abatement of Hazardous Vegetation effective July 16, 2009, states “a one hundred (100) foot wide strip of land around structure(s) located on an adjacent improved parcel.”
Riverside County has a Fire Protection contract with Cal Fire and utilizes many of their materials to educate individuals on why they should maintain a proper defensible space.

Public Fire Education:

Family Escape Plan:

In a County as fire prone as Riverside, you can never be too fire safe. Throughout Southern California, wildfire danger is a year-around threat. The goal is to make each and every home more fire safe. Residents are asked to make sure they have a fire escape plan, and that they practice what to do in an emergency.

Smoke Alarms:

Over ninety-three percent of all homes in the United States have at least one smoke alarm. The bad news is that one third of them are not working. The County encourages residents to make sure their smoke alarms are operating correctly by testing them regularly.

8.4.4 All Hazard Strategies
Facility Audits:

Audit recommendations should provide information that can identify measures for protecting the property from hazards. Property protection measures and approaches can include the following: • Modify the site to keep the hazard from reaching the building • Modify the building so it can withstand the impacts of the hazard • Insure the property owner receives the opportunity for financial relief after the damage has occurred, this is usually received under the owner’s insurance policies or technical and financial assistance can be provided by a government agency • Burying utility lines is a retrofitting measure that addresses earthquakes, winds from tornadoes, thunderstorms, and the ice that accompanies winter storms. • Installing or incorporating backup power supplies minimizes the effects of power losses caused by downed lines.
• Roofs can be replaced with materials less susceptible to damage by hazards, such as modified asphalt or formed steel shingles and other fireproof materials Riverside Operational Area
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• Winter storm retrofitting measures include improving insulation on older buildings, relocating water lines from outside walls to interior spaces, and insulating water lines in crawlspaces and under elevated buildings.
• Windows can be sealed or covered with an extra layer of glass (storm windows) or plastic sheeting.

8.5 Mitigation Actions
The Agency Inventory Document and Mitigation Strategies and Actions were used by the County and each participating city and districts to review the possible mitigation actions that would be appropriate for each jurisdiction. This is based on how the Riverside County planning area can reduce the vulnerability of people, property, infrastructure, natural, and cultural resources to future disaster losses. Only those actions where the County is the lead jurisdiction are detailed further in Section 4.3. Actions specific to other participating jurisdictions are detailed in the jurisdictional annexes.

It is important to note that Riverside County and the participating jurisdictions have numerous existing, detailed action descriptions, which include benefit-cost estimates, in other planning documents, such as the General Plan, community wildfire protection plans and capital improvement budgets and reports. These actions are part of this plan, and the details, to avoid duplication, should be referenced in their original source annex / LHMP.

The Riverside County planning area also realizes that new needs and priorities may arise resulting from a disaster or other circumstances and reserves the right to support new actions, as necessary conforming with the overall goals of this plan.

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Section 9.0 Plan Implementation and Maintenance
Process
Implementation and maintenance of the plan is critical to the overall success of hazard mitigation planning. This section provides an overview of the overall strategy for plan implementation and maintenance. It also outlines the method and proposed schedule for monitoring, updating, and evaluating the plan. The chapter will discusses incorporating the plan into existing planning mechanisms and how to address continued public involvement.

9.1 Implementation
The Riverside County Operational Area Multi-Jurisdiction Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is a partnership between the jurisdictions involved. Implementation prioritization is determined during the planning process and after taking funding into consideration.

Economic constraints make low or no-cost actions most easily accomplished in plan implementation.

A highly effective and low-cost implementation mechanism is the incorporation of our hazard mitigation plan recommendations into Operational Area and other planning efforts discussed in more detail below. Another strategy is for participating jurisdictions to assimilate mitigation strategies into their day-to-day functions and priorities. This effort will be achieved by monitoring agenda, attending stakeholder meetings, and review of programs and policies for coordination and opportunities to implement mitigation strategies. Riverside County Operational Area will also monitor funding opportunities to facilitate the implementation of more costly recommended actions. The County will assist in the identification of specialized pre- and post- disaster funds, state and federal earmarked funds, and other grant programs for opportunities to implement mitigation actions and identified projects.

The primary duty of the participating jurisdictions is to participate in reporting to their community governing boards and the public on the status of their plan implantation and mitigation opportunities and keep the County of Riverside EMD updated of changes to the status of their recommended actions or priorities. The primary duty of the County will be to promote mitigation action funding opportunities, organize Steering Committee

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meetings for plan evaluation and potential updates on a yearly basis and post any relevant information on the County website and others as appropriate.

9.2 Role of MJLHMP Steering Committee
With the adoption of this plan, the participating jurisdictions will be responsible for the plan implementation and maintenance. The participating jurisdictions, led by County of Riverside Emergency Management Department will work to maintain a MJLHMP Steering Committee to: • Disseminate hazard mitigation activities and opportunities to all participants; • Encourage the implementation of high-priority, low-cost mitigation actions; • Monitor and identify cost-share and funding opportunities to support the community and recommended actions;
• Monitor and assist in implementation and evaluate updates of this plan; • Support and assist jurisdictions not included in the Multi-Jurisdictional Plan to develop their own local hazard mitigation plans;
• Report on plan progress and changes to participating jurisdictions.

9.3 Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms
Incorporation of the hazard mitigation plan recommendations into other County and jurisdictional plans and policies is part of our implementation plan. Where possible the planning team will use existing plans and/or programs to implement hazard mitigation actions. This plan should also be cross-referenced when related planning mechanisms are updated. Mitigation is most successful when it is incorporated into the day-to-day functions and priorities of government and development. As described in this plan’s capability assessment and jurisdictional annexes, the County and participating jurisdictions already implement policies and programs to reduce losses to life and property from hazards. This plan builds upon the momentum developed through previous and related planning efforts and mitigation programs and recommends implementing actions, where possible, through these other program mechanisms.

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Plans include: • County and City General Plans • County and City Emergency Operations Plans • County and City Ordinances • Flood and Storm-water Management Master Plans • Wildfire Protection Plans • Capital Improvement Plans and Budgets • Other plans and policies outlined in the capability assessments in the jurisdictional annexes
• Other plans, regulation, and practices with a mitigation focus The Mitigation Planning Team involved in the updates to the planning mechanisms will be responsible for integrating the findings and recommendations of this plan with these other plans, programs, etc., as appropriate. As an action step to ensure integration with other planning mechanisms, an EMD designee will discuss this topic at the Operational Areas Planning Committee (OAPC) and/or Disaster Councils annually. The designee will discuss where there are opportunities to incorporate the plan into other planning mechanisms and who would be responsible for leveraging those opportunities.

Jurisdictions participating in this plan will work with their Planning Committees to integrate their identified mitigation actions into their local plans and programs. Efforts to integrate the LHMP into local plans, programs, and policies will be reported on at OAPC annually.

Efforts should continuously be made to monitor the progress of mitigation actions integrated into other planning mechanisms and, where appropriate, their priority actions should be incorporated into updates of this hazard mitigation plan.

The process for incorporation of the 2018 MJLHMP into specific existing planning mechanisms include identifying hazards, goals, and strategies from the MJLHMP into the following documents: • The Riverside County Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan • The County of Riverside Emergency Management Department Strategic Plan • The County of Riverside Emergency Management Department Program Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP) Plan
•The Riverside County General Plan Safety Element
• The County of Riverside Operational Area Recovery Plan

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9.4 Maintenance Updates and Record of Changes
Plan maintenance will be an annual process by both the County and participating jurisdictions to monitor and evaluate the plans’ implementation and to update the plan as progress, changes in actions or priorities, or changing circumstances are recognized. The County will notify Cal OES and FEMA with plan updates to ensure they have the most current version of a participating jurisdiction’s plan.

County of Riverside Emergency Management Department, Planning Division, is responsible for initiating plan reviews, consulting and organizing a Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee Meeting and facilitating coordination with participating jurisdictions.

In order to evaluate progress and update mitigation strategies, the County of Riverside EMD and the participating jurisdictions will review the plan annually and/or following a declared emergency or disaster. County of Riverside EMD and participating jurisdictions will submit a five-year written update to Cal OES and FEMA Region IX, unless disaster or other circumstance (e.g., changing regulations) require a change to this schedule.

A record of changes is included in this plan. See chart following the Update Process at end of the section.

Maintenance Evaluation Process
The yearly review of the plan will be presented and discussed at the Operational Area Planning Committee and/or the Disaster Council Meeting. The assessment will address: • The goals and objectives and expected conditions such as the nature, magnitude, and/or type of risks have changed
• EMD report on any resources needed/changes to resources to implement the plan
• The EMD report will address the changes needed to implement the plan due to technical, political, legal, or coordination issues • A report on the progress on mitigation actions
Update Process
Update strategies will be consistent with FEMA and CalOES requirements. Updates to this plan will: • Consider changes in vulnerability due to action implementation; • Document and highlight instances where mitigation efforts have proven effective;
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• Incorporate any new data or studies on identified hazards and risks; • Incorporate growth and development-related changes to infrastructure inventories; and
• Incorporate any new action recommendations or changes in action or risk prioritization.

County of Riverside Emergency Management Department, Planning Division, will conduct a plan update at least 18 months prior to plan expiration. In addition, Riverside County EMD will seek grant funding to support the coordination and development of the plan update. After plan adoption, the MJLHMP Steering Committee in coordination with the EMD Planning team will conduct an annual review of the plan, identifying any sections in the plan that will require further updates. The sections identified for revision will be included in the next MJLHMP update. The EMD Planning team can hold additional meetings throughout the five-year cycle to address plan reviews and updates. Changes will be made to the plan to accommodate for actions that are no longer relevant due to shifting agendas, funding or no longer considered feasible.

Record of Changes Chart

DATEDESCRIPTION OF CHANGE NAME
8/7/23 Update contact information Brian MacGavin
8/7/23 Correct typos and formatting issues Brian MacGavin 4/28/25 Rankings and contact information changed, mitigation actions table updated
Branden Boyd

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10.0 Continued Public Involvement
The Riverside County Operational Area Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan update process has provided an opportunity to solicit participation from new and existing stakeholders, publicize successful mitigation strategies and actions, and seek public comments.

The County will continue its efforts to involve the public during the annual maintenance process and after any major events that lead to revisions in the plan.

The Riverside County Emergency Management Department and participating jurisdictions will be responsible for facilitating continued public and stakeholder involvement for their plan updates. They will do this through input from the Hazard Mitigation Steering Committee, public outreach meetings, web and social media postings, press releases and public hearings for the plan’s maintenance.

There are also opportunities for participating jurisdictions to obtain and share information with their stakeholders by participating in the Operational Area Planning Committee and the Disaster Council meetings.

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APPENDIX A – Resolution Draft Page 981 of 1949

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APPENDIX B – Participating Jurisdictions Contact
Information Provided Upon Request
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APPENDIX C – Public Outreach Presentations and
Meetings
Because many meetings were held virtually supporting documentation will be provided upon request.

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Public Outreach
Outreach Presentations and Updates
Meetings listed here were open to and attended by the public Date Name of Meeting Type of Presentation
1/13/2022 Operational Area Planning
Committee (OAPC) Meeting
Informed OA on upcoming plan to update
1/27/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Managers Association (RCEMA)
MJLHMP status update
3/24/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update
4/13/2022 OA Steering Committee Review of hazards, goals, objectives and strategies 5/12/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update
5/26/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update
6/15/2022 OA Update Kickoff Meeting LHMP discussion, Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update process, encouraged participation and Public Outreach
7/28/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update
8/3/2022 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Update mitigation strategies and finalize hazard profile definitions
8/17/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements and timelines
8/18/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Management Health Care
Coalition (RCEMHCC)
MJLHMP status update and outreach for participation
8/24/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements timeline 10/5/2022 OA MJHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting
11/3/2022 Operational Area Planning
Committee (OAPC) & Disaster
Council Meeting
MJLHMP status update

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11/10/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update
1/4/2023 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting
1/12/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update
3/9/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update
3/23/2023 OAPC MJLHMP status update
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Planning Process Participation by Jurisdiction
Cities/ Districts
Agency
Type Point of Contact
Planning
Participant
Annex
Status
Kickoff
Mtg
Attended
Workshop
Attended
Email
Commu
nication
Phone/Zo
om/ in
person
Communi
cation
Planning Process
Activities
Beaumont
Unified School
District
School
District/
Education
Serenity Junge, Dir.
of Risk Mgmt Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Banning City
Matthew Hamner,
Chief of Police Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of
Beaumont City
Adrian Cardenas,
ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Blythe City
Kelly Thomas,
CSO Yes Submitted
12/19/2 2
City of Calimesa City
Bonnie
Johnson, City
Manager Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of
Coachella City
MC Aguirre,
ESC Yes Submitted 8/24/22
City of Corona City
Gina M
McGough, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Desert
Hot Springs City
Doria Wilms, Deputy
City Manager Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Eastvale City
Eva Terekhova, Em.

Mgmt. Spec. Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/17/22
City of Hemet City Robert Gomez, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/17/22 City of Indian
Wells City
Michael Ornelas,
ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Jurupa
Valley City
David French, Public
Works Op. Mgr Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of La
Quinta City
Dana Lagunas, Sr.

Em. Mgmt. Coord. Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Lake
Elsinore City Rick DeSantiago, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 City of
Menifee City
Vanessa Barerra,
EMA Yes See App. J 6/15/22
City of Moreno
Valley City
Raquel Ortega, Sr.

Admin Asst. Yes Submitted 8/17/22
City of
Murrieta City
Rachel Hollinger,
Dis. Prep. Coord. Yes Submitted 6/15/22

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City of Norco City Jeff Veik, Fire Chief Yes Submitted 6/15/22 City of Palm
Desert City
Michael Ornelas,
ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Palm
Springs City
Daniel Deselms,
EMC Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Perris City
David
Martinez, Fire
Marshall Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Rancho
Mirage City Brian Kephart, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 City of San
Jacinto City
Caleb Hargis, Mgmt.

Analyst Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of
Temecula City
Mikel Alford,
Emergency Manager Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of
Wildomar City
Daniel Torres,
Comm. Svcs.

Director Yes Submitted 6/15/22
Hemet USD
Special
District/
Healthcare
Lucy Dressel,
Safety, Risk Mgr
Ben. Dir. Yes Submitted 6/15/22
Imperial
Irrigation
District Utilities
Robert Placido, ESC
II Yes Submitted 6/15/22
Morongo Band
of Mission
Indians Tribe
David Ellsworth,
EOC Manager Yes Submitted 7/14/22
Perris Union
High School
District
Special
District/
Healthcare
Judy Miller, Dir. of
Risk Mgmt Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
Rancho
California
Water District Utilities
Tom Marcoux,
Safety and Risk Mgr Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
Riverside
County Office
of Education
County/
Education
Michael D'Amico,
Safety/Em. Prep Yes Submitted 8/17/22
San Jacinto
Unified School
District
School
District/
Education
Dawn Lawrence,
Safety Officer Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Canyon
Lake City
Mike Borja, Admin.

Services Manager Yes
Submissio
n Pending 1/10/23 2/7/23 ip
City of Indio City
Dennis Day, EOC
Mgr Yes
Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22
City of
Riverside City Mike Annas, EOC Yes
Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22 8/17/22
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Desert
Healthcare
District &
Foundation
Special
District/
Healthcare
Chris Christensen,
Chief Admin Officer Yes
Submissio
n Pending
3/3/23
3/6/23
3/7/23
3/3/23 ph
3/13/23 zm
3/21/23 zm
Idyllwild Fire
District Fire District Mark LaMont, Chief Yes
Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22 8/24/22
Moreno Valley
Unified School
District
Special
District/
Healthcare
Julissa Barragan,
Secretary III Yes
Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of
Cathedral City
Craig Sanborn,
Battalion Chief Yes
Dropped
Out 3/22
Metropolitan
Water District Utilities
Ian White, Em.

Mgmt Program
Mgr Yes N/A 8/24/22
Pechanga Tribe Edward Chacon Yes
Dropped
Out 6/15/22
29 Palms Tribe Ana Gutierrez Yes Submitted 5/15/22 8/24/22 Coachella
Valley Water
District Utilities Greg Papazian Yes
Dropped
Out 6/15/22 8/24/22
Riverside
County Flood
Control/Water
County/
Special
District Guirguis, Iad Yes
County
Dept N/A 6/15/22
Agua Caliente
Band of
Cahuilla
Indians Tribe
Samantha Byrd,
ESC No N/A
Desert Sands
Unified
School
District/
Education
Eduard Nacua,
Director of Safety No N/A
Eastern
Municipal WD Utilities
Zuzzette Bricker,
Tech Insul. Em.

Mgmt No N/A
Kaiser Hospital
Riverside
Special
District/
Healthcare
Corrie Sankey, Dir.

Env. Health Svcs. No N/A
Lake Elsinore
USD
Special
District/
Healthcare
James Judziewicz,
Risk Sup. No N/A
March AFB
Special
District
Marvin Tucker, Chief
Em. Mgmt. No N/A
Ramona Band
of Indians Tribe
J Gomez, Project
Mgr No N/A
Riverside
Community
College District
Special
District/
Healthcare
Tu Beiwei, Dir. Of
Risk Mgmt No N/A

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APPENDIX D – Inventory Template

RIVERSIDE COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL

LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION AGENCY
2023 INVENTORY WORKSHEETS
Insert Jurisdiction/Agency Name
Insert Date

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Introduction: The completed documents will be reviewed by a planning team to determine their compliance with Cal OES and FEMA requirements. The Participation by a wide range of stakeholders in identifying and implementing mitigation actions is required.

SPECIAL CONCERNS:

Has the completed Letter of Commitment been returned to EMD? EMD must forward this completed Letter of Commitment to CAL OES.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Appendix E Section:

Local Jurisdiction Contact Information…………………………………....Section 1 Hazard Identification Questionnaire………………………………………Section 2 Specific Hazards Summary………………………………………………. Section 3
Jurisdiction Vulnerability Worksheet………………………………………Section 4 Jurisdiction Mitigation Strategies and Goals…………………………….Section 5 Local Jurisdiction Proposed Mitigation Action & Strategy Proposal…...Section 6 Local Jurisdiction Development Trends………………………………….Section 7 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Tool……………………………….Section 8 The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Tool is used by Cal OES and FEMA to verify all required information is in the submitted. Please refer to the document for information.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 755 | A p p e n d i x D
SECTION 1. LOCAL JURISDICTION CONTACT INFORMATION
The information on this page identifies: • Jurisdiction and the contact person • Jurisdiction's service area size and populati on
• EOP Plan anda Safety Element of their General Plan
PLEASE PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

Agency/Jurisdiction:

Type Agency/Jurisdiction:

Contact Person: Title:

First Name: Last Name:

Agency Address: Street:

City:

State:

Zip:

Contact Phone FAX E-mail
Population Served Square Miles Served
Does your organization have a general plan?
Does your organization have a safety component to the general plan? What year was your plan last updated?
Does your organization have a disaster/emergency operations plan? What year was your plan last updated?
Do you have a recovery annex or section in your plan?
Do you have a terrorism/WMD annex or section in your plan?

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 756 | A p p e n d i x D
SECTION 2. Hazard Identification Questionnaire
The purpose of the questionnaire is tohelp identifythe hazards within your service area. The list wasdeveloped from the first round of meetings with the various working groups in the 2012 plan creation, and from the hazards listed in the County's General Plan. Each hazard is discussed in detail in the 2012 LHMP. The information will be used as the basis for each jurisdiction to evaluate its capabilities,determine its needs, and to assist in developing goals and strategies. The information identifies:
a) What hazards can be identified within or adjacent to the service area ofthe jurisdiction.
b) Which of those hazards have had reoccurring events?
c) What specific hazardsand risks are considered by the jurisdiction to bea threat specificallyto the jurisdiction? ( These locations should be identified by name and location for inclusion in the Specific HazardSummaryTable). a. Specific types of facilities owned and operated by the jurisdiction. b. Locationsdamaged from prior disasters or hazard causing events. d) Information about the jurisdiction'sEOC
With your Multi-Disciplinary Planning Team:
a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions, with your planning team: Review your old Questionnaire for accuracy and relevance, mark changes. b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts, with your planning team, meet and go over the questionnaire. Fill in YES, NO or NA on the Questionnaire.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 757 | A p p e n d i x D
DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE:

AIRPORT IN JURISDICTION

AIRPORT NEXT TO JURISDICTION

DAIRY INDUSTRY

POULTRY INDUSTRY

CROPS/ORCHARDS

DAMS IN JURISDICTION

DAMS NEXT TO JURISDICTION

LAKE/RESERVOIR IN JURISDICTION

LAKE/RESERVOIR NEAR JURISDICTION

JURISDICTION IN FLOOD PLAIN

CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL

UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL

EARTHQUAKE FAULTS IN JURISDICTION

EARTHQUAKE FAULTS NEXT TO JURISDICTION

MOBILE HOME PARKS

NON-REINFORCED FREEWAY BRIDGES

NON-REINFORCED BRIDGES

BRIDGES IN FLOOD PLAIN

BRIDGES OVER OR ACROSS RIVER/STREAM

ROADWAY CROSSING RIVER/STREAM

NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS

FREEWAY/MAJOR HIGHWAY IN JURISDICTION

FREEWAY/MAJOR HIGHWAY NEXT TO JURISDICTION

FOREST AREA IN JURISDICTION

FOREST AREA NEXT TO JURISDICTION
WITHIN THE 50 MILES SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE

MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINES IN JURISDICTION

MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINES NEXT TO JURISDICTION

RAILROAD TRACKS IN JURISDICTION

RAILROAD TRACKS NEXT TO JURISDICTION

HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITIES IN JURISDICTION

HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITIES NEXT TO JURISDICTION

HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITIES IN JURISDICTION

HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITIES NEXT TO JURISDICTION

DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION OWN OR OPERATE A FACILITY

IN A FLOOD PLAIN

NEAR FLOOD PLAIN

NEAR RAILROAD TRACKS

NEAR A DAM

UPSTREAM FROM A DAM

DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM

DOWNSTREAM OF A LAKE

DOWNSTREAM FROM A RESERVOIR

NEAR A CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL

NEAR UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL

ON AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT

NEAR AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT
WITHIN THE 50 MILE SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE

IN A FOREST AREA

NEAR A FOREST AREA

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 758 | A p p e n d i x D

NEAR A MAJOR HIGHWAY

A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY

NEAR A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY

A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY

NEAR A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY

NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS

A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE

NEAR A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE
DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE ANY LOCATIONS THAT:

HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY EARTHQUAKE AND NOT REPAIRED

HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FLOOD

HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FLOOD MORE THAN ONCE

HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FOREST FIRE

HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FOREST FIRE MORE THAN ONCE

HAVE BEEN IMPACTED BY A TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENT

HAVE BEEN IMPACTED BY A PIPELINE EVENT

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS INFORMATION

DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE AN EOC

IS YOUR EOC LOCATED IN A FLOOD PLAIN

NEAR FLOOD PLAIN

NEAR RAILROAD TRACKS

NEAR A DAM

UPSTREAM FROM A DAM

DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM

DOWNSTREAM OF A LAKE

DOWNSTREAM FROM A RESERVOIR

NEAR A CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL

NEAR UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL

ON AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT

NEAR AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT
WITHIN THE 50 MILE SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE

IN A FOREST AREA

NEAR A FOREST AREA

NEAR A MAJOR HIGHWAY

A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY

NEAR A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY

A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY

NEAR A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY

NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS

A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE

NEAR A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE

OTHER FACILITY INFORMATION
ARE THERE LOCATIONS WITHIN YOUR JURISDICTION THAT:

COULD BE CONSIDERED A TERRORIST TARGET

COULD BE CONSIDERED A BIO-HAZARD RISK
With your planning team, list the “Yes” answers and discuss. Use the information as a group to summarize your jurisdiction’s hazards and vulnerabilities.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 733 | A p p e n d i x D
SECTION 3. SPECIFIC HAZARDS SUMMARY
This table helps to identify the information (name, owner, location,etc.) aboutthe specifichazards identified in the Hazard Questionnaire.

In the Summary Table, list thebasic information of the hazards identified by the jurisdiction in the Hazard Identification Questionnaire asa potential threat. These specifichazards were used in the development of response plans, maps, and other analysis data.
a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, review the “Yes” answers and see if there were any changes, if so, summarize why there is a difference from the 2018. b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, review the “Yes” answers and discuss. Use the information as a group to summarize your jurisdiction’s hazards and vulnerabilities.

SPECIFIC HAZARDS SUMMARY
Jurisdiction Hazard Type Hazard Name In Jurisdiction? Adjacent to Jurisdiction?

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 734 | A p p e n d i x D
SECTION 4. JURISDICTION VULNERABILITY WORKSHEET
This table isa listing ofthe primaryhazards identified.Participants were asked to evaluate the potential for an event to occur in their jurisdiction by hazard and the potential impact on the following:

1. Public (loss of life and injuries)

2. Responders

3. Continuity of operations for continued delivery of services

4. Property, facilities, and infrastructure

5. Environment

6. Economic condition of the jurisdiction

7. Ability to recover from the event and return to normal daily activities

8. Public confidence in the jurisdiction’s governance
The jurisdictions wereasked to rate the potential and severity usinga scale of between 0 and4 (4 being the most severe). The jurisdictions were also asked to rank the listed hazards asthey relate to their jurisdiction from1 to 20 (1 being the highest overall threat to their jurisdiction).

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 735 | A p p e n d i x D
NAME: AGENCY: DATE:

COUNTY LOCAL JURISDICTION
HAZARD

SEVERITY
0 -4

PROBABILITY
0 -4

SEVERITY
0 -4

PROBABILITY
0 -4

RANKING
1 - 20

1. EARTHQUAKE

2. WILDLAND FIRE

3. FLOOD

OTHER NATURAL HAZARDS

4. DROUGHT

5. LANDSLIDES

6. INSECT INFESTATION

7. EXTREME SUMMER/WINTER

WEATHER

8. SEVERE WIND EVENT

AGRICULTURAL

9. DISEASE/CONTAMINATION

10. TERRORISM

OTHER HUMAN-CAUSED

11. PIPELINE

12. AQUEDUCT

13. TRANSPORTATION

14. POWER OUTAGE

15. HAZMAT ACCIDENTS

16. NUCLEAR ACCIDENT

17. TERRORISM

18. CIVIL UNREST

19. JAIL/PRISON EVENT

MEDICAL

20. EMERGING / RE-EMERGING

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

21. PANDEMIC

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 736 | A p p e n d i x D
SECTION 5. JURISDICTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND GOALS This comprehensive table is a listing of the various mitigation strategies, goals, and objectives developed by the 2023 MJLHMP Steering Committee. The jurisdictions were also given the opportunity to list additional, strategies, goals, and objectives specific to either their jurisdiction or their workgroup (i.e., hospitals, agriculture, etc.).

LOCAL JURISDICTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND GOALS with your panning team Instructions for updating jurisdictional and district LHMPs: Please review the table to determine the ranking from the 2018 MJLHMP.

Instructions for new jurisdictions and districts: Please evaluate the priority level for each listed mitigation goal identified below as it relates to your jurisdiction / district. Please list any additional mitigation goals or recommendations at the end of this document. For mitigation activities priority levels use H for high, M for medium, L for low and N/A for not applicable.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 737 | A p p e n d i x D

EARTHQUAKE
Aggressive public education campaign based on predictions Generate new literature for dissemination to: ◊ Government employees ◊ Businesses ◊ Hotel/motel literature ◊ Local radio stations for education ◊ Public education via utilities ◊ Identify/create television documentary content Improve the Emergency Alert System (EAS) ◊ Consider integration with radio notification systems ◊ Upgrade alerting and warning systems for hearing impaired ◊ Training and maintenance Procure earthquake-warning devices for critical facilities Reinforce emergency response facilities
Provide training to hospital staffs
Require earthquake gas shutoffs on remodels/new construction Evaluate re-enforcing reservoir concrete bases
Evaluate EOCs for seismic stability
Install earthquake cutoffs at reservoirs
Install earthquake-warning devices at critical facilities Develop a dam inundation plan for new Diamond Valley Reservoir Earthquake retrofitting ◊ Bridges/dams/pipelines ◊ Government buildings/schools ◊ Mobile home parks Develop educational materials on structural reinforcement and home inspections (ALREADY DEVELOPED)
Ensure Uniform Building Code compliance ◊ Update to current compliance when retrofitting Insurance coverage on public facilities
Funding for non-structural abatement (Earthquake kits, etc.) Pre - identify empty commercial space for seismic re-location Electrical co-generation facilities need retrofitting/reinforcement (Palm Springs, others?)
Mapping of liquefaction zones
Incorporate County geologist data into planning
Backup water supplies for hospitals
Evaluate pipeline seismic resiliency
Pre-positioning of temporary response structures
Fire sprinkler ordinance for all structures

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 738 | A p p e n d i x D
Evaluate adequacy of reservoir capacity for sprinkler systems Training/standardization for contractors performing retrofitting Website with mitigation/contractor/retrofitting information ◊ Links to jurisdictions ◊ Alerting information ◊ Volunteer information Evaluate depths of aquifers/wells for adequacy during quakes Evaluate hazmat storage regulations near faults

COMMUNICATIONS IN DISASTER ISSUES
Communications Interoperability
Harden repeater sites
Continue existing interoperability project
Strengthen/harden
Relocate
Redundancy
Mobile repeaters
FLOODS
Update development policies for flood plains
Public education on locations of flood plains
Develop multi-jurisdictional working group on floodplain management Develop greenbelt requirements in new developments
Update weather pattern/flood plain maps
Conduct countywide study of flood barriers/channels/gates/water dispersal systems Required water flow/runoff plans for new development
Perform GIS mapping of flood channels, etc.

Install vehicular crossing gates/physical barriers for road closure Maintenance of storm sewers/flood channels
Create map of flood channels/diversions/water systems etc.

Require digital floor plans on new non-residential construction Upgrade dirt embankments to concrete
Conduct countywide needs study on drainage capabilities Increase number of pumping stations
Increase sandbag distribution capacities
Develop pre-planned response plan for floods
◊ Evacuation documentation ◊ Re-examine historical flooding data for potential street re -design
Training for city/county PIOs about flood issues
Warning systems - ensure accurate information provided
◊ Publicize flood plain information (website?) ◊ Install warning/water level signage Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 739 | A p p e n d i x D
◊ Enhanced public information ◊ Road closure compliance ◊ Shelter locations ◊ Pre-event communications Look at County requirements for neighborhood access ◊ Secondary means of ingress/egress Vegetation restoration programs
Ensure critical facilities are hardened/backed up
Hardening water towers
Terrorism Surveillance - cameras at reservoirs/dams
Riverbed maintenance
Evaluate existing lift stations for adequacy
Acquisition of property for on-site retention
Evaluate regulations on roof drainage mechanism
Erosion-resistant plants
Traffic light protection
Upkeep of diversionary devices
Install more turn-off valves on pipelines
Backup generation facilities
Identify swift water rescue capabilities across County

WILDFIRES
Aggressive weed abatement program ◊ Networking of agencies for weed abatement Develop strategic plan for forest management
Public education on wildfire defense
Encourage citizen surveillance and reporting
Identify hydrants with equipment ownership information
Enhanced firefighting equipment
Fire spotter program/red flag program ◊ Expand to other utilities Research on insect/pest mitigation technologies
Volunteer home inspection program
Public education program ◊ Weather reporting/alerting ◊ Building protection ◊ Respiration Pre-identify shelters/recovery centers/other resources
Roofing materials/defensive spacing regulations
Community task forces for planning and education
Fuel/dead tree removal