Hemet City Council
June 9, 2026

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
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2.7 Tribes of Riverside County
Riverside County has 12 Indian Tribes within or bordering the County.

2.7.1 Agua Caliente Indian Reservation
The Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is a federally recognized Indian Tribe located in Palm Springs, Calif., with 32,000 acres of reservation lands that spread across Palm Springs, Cathedral City, Rancho Mirage, and into the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto mountains. The Tribe’s developments include two Palm Springs golf courses, the Spa Resort Casino in downtown Palm Springs, and the Agua Caliente Casino Resort Spa in Rancho Mirage, which includes the 2,000-seat concert venue, The Show. It also operates the Indian Canyon and Tahquitz Canyon parks, both open to the public.

The Tribal Government employs approximately 200 employees, in addition to over 2,000 employees directly associated with its gaming and hospitality operations. The majority of these employees do not live on the Reservation, but commute from outlying communities, such as, Banning, Palm Desert, Desert Hot Springs, and the high desert mountains, increasing the population on the Reservation during the normal business hours.

Tribal employees work in Tribal offices or in the field. Normal business hours are between the hours of 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. It is common for certain employees (Rangers, Maintenance Crew) to work in remote areas of the Reservation where communications may prove difficult.

2.7.2 Augustine Indian Reservation
The Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians (Tribe) is a federally recognized Indian tribe located in the County of Riverside, California. It was established by Executive Order in 1891. The Augustine Reservation is part of an area occupied for the last 1,000 years by the Cahuilla Indians. The Reservation consists of approximately 602 acres located in the Coachella Valley in southern California, adjacent to the City of Coachella and approximately thirty miles from the City of Palm Springs.

2.7.3 Cabazon Indian Reservation
The members of the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians (Tribe), a federally recognized Native American Indian tribe, are descendants of the Cahuilla Indians who have occupied the desert region of southern California for 2,500 to 3,000 years. As one of approximately a dozen independent clans of the Cahuilla, the Tribe claims its own name, territory and common ancestry. Although the Tribe numbered 600 in the mid-1800s, the population had dwindled to less than 50 by the start of the 1980’s. Since that time, under a reorganized tribal government, the Tribe had increased their economic base by taking advantage of opportunities in the “Desert Resorts” area of California’s Coachella Valley.

The Tribe is a sovereign nation under the laws of the United States of America and is operated under a democratic form of government. As a sovereign nation, the entire County of Riverside Operational Area
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Cabazon community consists of tribal members. Tribal authority resides in the General Council, which meets every three months to confer and make decisions on tribal issues.

All tribal members, age eighteen or older, sit on the General Council, which elects a Business Committee every four years. The Business Committee manages the day-to-day operations of the tribe, including making decisions about new business ventures. As Cabazon is a relatively small tribe, this organizational strategy assures that all viewpoints of the tribal community are considered and that the skills and resources of all community members are incorporated into all facets of formulation and implementation of tribal decision making.

The Cabazon Band of Mission Indians’ Reservation was established by an act of Congress in 1876 and occupies three separate areas of land consisting of 1,701 acres in the eastern end of the Coachella Valley. This land is held in trust by the federal government for the benefit of the tribe under the jurisdiction of the tribal government.

2.7.4 Cahuilla Indian Reservation
The Cahuilla Reservation is located in Riverside County near the town of Anza. It is 18,884 acres in total, but 16,884 acres of the reservation belongs to individual members of the tribe. 2,000 acres belong to the entire tribe in common. It was founded in 1875. The Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians is headquartered in Anza, California. They are governed by a democratically elected tribal council. Their current tribal chairman is Daniel Salgado and the Vice-Chairwoman is Andrea Candelaria.

2.7.5 Colorado River Indian Reservation
The Colorado River Indian Tribes include four distinct Tribes - the Mohave, Chemehuevi, Hopi and Navajo. There are currently about 4,277 active Tribal members.

The CRIT Reservation was created in 1865 by the Federal Government for “Indians of the Colorado River and its tributaries,” originally for the Mohave and Chemehuevi, who had inhabited the area for centuries. People of the Hopi and Navajo Tribes were relocated to the reservation in later years.

The reservation stretches along the Colorado River on both the Arizona and California side. It includes almost 300,000 acres of land, with the river serving as the focal point and lifeblood of the area.

The primary community in the CRIT Reservation is Parker, Arizona, which is located on a combination of Tribal land, leased land that is owned by CRIT and land owned by non- Native Americans. There are other, smaller communities on the reservation, including Poston, located 10 miles south of Parker.

2.7.6 Morongo
The Morongo Reservation is located in the northern and western half of Riverside County, California, approximately 90 miles east of Los Angeles. The Reservation, with an area of approximately 54 square miles, covers portions of the southern flank of the San Gorgonio

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Mountains, the northern flank of the San Jacinto Mountains, and the valley floor of the San Gorgonio River. It has contiguous boundaries with the City of Banning and the unincorporated community of Cabazon (the only city in California to unincorporated) in the San Gorgonio Pass Area.

The Tribe is one of 107 federally recognized Indian tribes in California. The Tribal Hazard Mitigation Plan (THMP) addresses all the property, infrastructure, and natural environment of the Reservation and under the authority and control of the Tribe. The plan is purposely exclusive of specific sites in its address to protected historical, religious, and cultural resources outside of the Reservation, as the interest in their protection is greater than the potential benefit of identifying their location in this plan.

The Morongo Tribal Council functions as legislative body of the Tribe and additionally manages tribal economic enterprise functions that are normally outside the scope of other governmental agencies. The Tribe provides full municipal like services to its residents including, security, fire, public work functions, water and wastewater treatment, environmental protection, waste management and recycling, natural and cultural resource preservation, emergency management, and other functions typical ofa functioning community. According to the United States Census Bureau’s “Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 the population on the Reservation is 1,353 persons.

2.7.7 Pechanga Indian Reservation
The Pechanga Indian Reservation borders the City of Temecula to the northwest, the Town of Rainbow to the southwest, and the Cleveland National Forest to the south and east. The General Council of the Tribe is made up of the adult voting members of the band and elects the Pechanga Tribal Council. The Pechanga Indian Reservation encompasses over 6,700 acres with the most recent lands added in 2008. The current land use is mostly rural residential, with homes generally located along the central portion of the reservation along Pechanga Creek.

2.7.8 Ramona Band of Cahuilla
The Ramona Band of Cahuilla is a southern California Indian tribe whose reservation is located approximately thirty miles east of Temecula and four miles north of the unincorporated town of Anza, off Highway 371 in Riverside County. The Ramona Reservation was set aside by Executive Order in 1891 and a trust patent for the Reservation was issued in 1893.

The Ramona Reservation encompasses approximately 560 acres. The Reservation is situated at the southwestern base of Thomas Mountain in the southern San Jacinto Mountains. Hog Lake Road provides the only access to the Ramona Reservation.

There are 3 homes on the Reservation and seven residents. There are also several additional buildings, including a maintenance yard, a powerhouse and 5 yurts associated with the Band’s Eco-tourism project. All electricity for the homes/buildings is provided by County of Riverside Operational Area
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hybrid electrical systems consisting of solar and wind generation with generator back- ups. None of the homes/buildings on the reservation are connected to the “grid”.

In early 2017, approximately 82 acres of land were transferred from fee simple into trust status by the Ramona Band of Cahuilla. Thus, the lands are now tribal lands under the jurisdiction of the Ramona Band of Cahuilla. The lands transferred include approximately 75 acres along Bautista Road just south of the Ramona Reservation and approximately

6.73 acres along SR 371 in Anza.

There are three (3) buildings located on the lands in Anza. The buildings included the Ramona Band’s administrative offices and library. Each of the buildings has access to the power grid. Water is provided to the buildings via wells located on the property, and each of the buildings has a septic system. Moreover, a tiger tank of 5000 gallons provides water storage for use, if needed, for fire suppression.

The lands located along Bautista Road are all unimproved. One of the parcels lies at the junction of Bautista Road and Hog Lake Road and is the access point to the Ramona Reservation. The other parcels are covered with vegetation.

2.7.9 Santa Rosa Indian Reservation
The Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians Reservation is part of an area, which has been occupied by the Cahuilla for the past 1,000 years. The Reservation consists of 11,021 acres in four separate parcels and is located in the Santa Rosa Mountains near the community of Anza in Riverside California.

They are descendants from the Mountain Cahuilla Band, which historically occupied the mountains south of San Jacinto Peak. The largest parcel is called the Santa Rosa Parcel and is located 1.25 miles east of the junction of SR –74 and SR – 371. Three separate parcels completely occupy Sections 32, 34, and 36 of T7S, R5E and are one mile southeast of the main Santa Rosa Parcel. The parcel in Section 34 is called the Old Village Parcel, where their ancestors first settled and the parcel in section 36 is called the Toro Parcel, which is leased out as a microwave relay communications site.

The Santa Rosa Reservation was established on February 2, 1907, under authority of the Act of 1891 as amended. The Act of April 17, 1937, authorized the Secretary of the interior to purchase 640 acres to be held in trust for the Tribe. All reservation land is tribally owned and un-allotted, though some of the land is under assignment and has been passed from generation to generation.

Currently there are approximately 70 people living on the reservation. They are a customs and traditions tribe with a total of 118 members. A tribal council governs with members elected to two-year terms. Because of the very limited size of the band, the Tribal Council also acts as the Planning Committee.

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2.7.10 Soboba Band of Mission Indians
The Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians ancestral home is the Soboba Reservation located on the San Jacinto River at the base of the western foothills of the San Jacinto Mountains in Riverside County, California. The Tribal trust lands consist of approximately 7,877 acres of reservation including a large parcel of adjoining undeveloped property called the “Jones Ranch”. The current population on the Soboba Reservation is approximately 1,200.

2.7.11 Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation (partly in Imperial County, California) The Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians (Tribe) is a Sovereign Indian Nation and a federally recognized Indian Tribe located in Southern California. Its Tribal land base was established by Executive Order of the United States Federal government on May 15, 1876, as the Torres Martinez Reservation. The Tribal land base consists of 24,822 acres of harsh rugged desert terrain in a checkerboard pattern located in the most rural parts of the Coachella Valley in Southern California. A portion of the Tribal area is submerged under the Salton Sea. The Reservation lands straddle Imperial and Riverside Counties and lie about 50 miles north of the US – Mexico International Border. Temperatures reach 120 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer.

The majority of those living on the reservation live in the Tribe’s housing development project which was funded by HUD (36 homes) located about 6 miles away from the Tribe’s headquarters (boundaries: Avenue 62 North, Avenue 64 South, Monroe St./Wilma Jean Way West, and Jackson St. East).

The Tribal school-age children who live on the reservation for primarily attend public schools (Grades K-12th) administered by the Coachella Valley School Unified District (CVUSD) or the Desert Sands Unified School District (DSUSD). Several public schools are located within or near the reservation boundaries of the Tribe.

2.7.12 Twenty-Nine Palms Indian Reservation (partly in San Bernardino County) The Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians is a United States federally recognized Tribe located in Southern California. The Tribe’s members are descendants of the Chemehuevi, who are indigenous people that migrated from the Colorado River area.

Geographically, the Tribe has two Reservation sections located near the City of Twenty- nine Palms in San Bernardino County and near the City of Coachella in Riverside County.

The San Bernardino County section contains 150 acres of undeveloped land which is adjacent to the Joshua Tree National Park. The Riverside County section contains 242 acres, which has rights-of-way for the Interstate 10 freeway and State Highway 86. On this section, the Tribe has an operating Class 3 Gaming Facility, Tribal Administrative Offices, and Tribal Environmental Protection Agency, which accounts for more than 700 employees. Currently, there is no residential development on either Reservation section.

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14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
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April 2023
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Section 3.0 - The Planning Process
While the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (“DMA 2000”) requires that local communities address only natural hazards, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recommends that local comprehensive mitigation plans address human created and technological hazards as much as possible. The Riverside County Operational Area 2018 Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan addressed an expansive set of hazards that include human created and technological hazards.

The 2023 Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update review process started in March 2022.

3.1 Planning Process Overview
EMD formed a planning team and continued to utilize the Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) as the Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJLHMP) Steering Committee.

Theplanning team was comprised of various EMD personnel who engaged Riverside County department representatives, MJLHMP participants, and key personnel to discuss, and review the MJLHMP for the 2023 update.

A LHMP annex template and other various tools were developed and sent to participants to assist them with updating their LHMPs. EMD held multiple meetings, workshops, and conference calls to assist participants with drafting or updating LHMPs. (See Appendix B for Participants).

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3.2 Hazard Mitigation 2023 Planning
EMD staff recognize the importance of involving stakeholders using the following planning methodologies: • Reviewed the process of assessing risks and identifying hazards with all participants
• Reviewed mitigation actions that are proposed, pending, and completed • Encouraged participation with the planning process by providing updates at advisory meetings, workshops, jurisdictional meetings, and community meetings • Identified and provided information and resources to MJLHMP participants to assist them with the development of their LHMPs
• Posted information on the EMD websitefor public access and feedback on the MJLHMP
• Email upcoming mitigation training information to Riverside County OA participants Project Pre-Plan Research:
• Reviewed the 2018 MJLHMP and the FEMA Plan Review Tool and feedback • Reviewed the 2013 FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook • Reviewed the 2011 Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide • Reviewed the 2022 Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide • Reviewed the 2018 State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan • Identified gaps with previous plan and discussed findings with management team • Determined resolutions for gaps and discuss what updates are necessary Project Plan Ongoing Maintenance Strategies: • Continually update the MJLHMP • Engage participants through outreach • Submittal of participant documents needed to keep plan current • Review mitigation projections and actions at OAPC • Perform annual and post disaster declaration reviews

3.3 2023 MJLHMP Update Process / LHMP Tools
The MJLHMP Steering Committee determined the best approach for the 2023 MJLHMP update was to use the same tools used for the 2018 MJLMP. The following worksheets, tools, and resources were utilized as a reference for each jurisdiction to evaluate its hazards, capabilities, and to assist in developing goals and strategies:

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 89 | S e c t i o n 3 • Local Jurisdiction Contact Information worksheet • Hazard Identification Questionnaire • Specific Hazards Summary Worksheet • Jurisdiction Vulnerability Worksheet/ Severity Table • Local Jurisdiction Proposed Mitigation Action and Strategy Proposal • Local Development Trends Questionnaire • Mitigation Project Tracking and Ranking Spreadsheet • Website links to obtain applicable risk assessment information such as: • https://www.myplan.caloes.ca.gov • https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/practitioners/resilience-analysis-andplanning-tool • https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map • https://hazards.fema.gov/hll/library • EMD facilitated and hosted plan development workshops • FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide • Assistance with completing LHMPs provided by EMD Staff • Assistance for jurisdictions to obtain/create maps • Mitigation trainings and educational resources • 2023 Update Timeline The 2023 MJLHMP has a variety of participants within Riverside County that includes cities, educational districts, and special districts.

The participant’s list is found in Section 1.4 or Appendix B: Participants.

EMD and the MJLHMP Steering Committee intends for the MJLHMP to be comprehensive, easy to understand, and easy to implement. The final 2023 County of Riverside Operational Area MJLHMP consists of a Base Plan with annexes that are LHMPs from participating jurisdictions and districts. Participating jurisdictional and district LHMPs require separate approval from Cal OES and FEMA and adoption from their respective governing bodies for mitigation projects to be eligible for receiving funding from Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) and other FEMA grant programs. This Base Plan indicates linkages to other plans (e.g., County General Plan and the State Hazard Mitigation Plan). (See Annexes).

Outreach presentations were given in various community meetings, four (4) MJLHMP / LHMP workshops and various sessions were held with individual jurisdictions (See Appendix C).

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The review process of the draft annexes is outlined as follows: • Participants submitted draft LHMPs via email to EMD for review and comments • EMD Planning team held standing meetings with Cal OES planning review staff to troubleshoot challenges and enhance the update process
• Checklists were utilized to document all components of the plans were complete and accompanied with all attachments referenced in the plan • Acknowledgement and checklists were sent back to the participants noting identified gap findings and comments
• After revisions were completed by participants, the draft was resubmitted to EMD for incorporation into the MJLHMP
• All correspondence, meetings, and conference calls were recorded to track ongoing development of annexes

3.4 Operational Area Planning Process
EMD’s MJLHMP planning team began the update planning efforts by notifying jurisdictions of a regional planning process and assisted OAPC in forming an OA MJLHMP Steering Committee to provide feedback into the 2023 plan update. The April 2022 kickoff meeting started the 2023 MJLHMP update process.

The OA MJLHMP Steering Committee included representatives from EMD and OAPC.

OAPC membership includes representatives from the County departments and political subdivisions within Riverside County. The initial MJLHMP update process was presented to the OAPC attendees and a survey of intent to participate was distributed at the January 13, 2022, meeting.Letters of commitment were requested from jurisdictional and district representatives indicating their intent to participate.

The quarterly Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) meetings are intended to provide a forum for discussion of emergency management issues to the following: • local jurisdictions • non-profit organizations • faith-based organizations • governmental agencies • tribal communities • special districts • educational districts and institutions • utility companies • public transportation • healthcare facilities

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All participants of OAPC were invited and encouraged to participate in the 2023 MJLHMP update. Outreach to these agencies was done both during meetings as well as through follow up email to ensure the county was inviting all stakeholders to participate in the planning process. For a list of specific individuals who were invited to the OAPC meetings and received information about the planning process, see the OAPC contact list identified in appendix B of this plan.

The Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) Mission is:
•To foster communications and to coordinate OA planning activities for emergency and disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. • To utilize the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS), California Government Code 8550 et. Seq., the National Incident Management System (NIMS), and Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD-5) OAPC has several subcommittees who are responsible for determining the use and distribution of funds from grants channeled directly through the Operational Area, i.e., Anti-Terrorism Approval Authority (ATAA), Training and Exercise subcommittee, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Program Managers subcommittee, Communications subcommittee, Plans Review subcommittee.

3.5 EMD Planning Team
The EMD Planning Team consists of the EMD personnel with the following job classifications: • Program Director • Emergency Services Manager • Emergency Management Program Supervisor • Emergency Services Coordinator • Senior Emergency Medical Services Specialist • Administrative Services Analyst II • Office Assistant III • Senior Geographic Information Systems Specialist • Supervisor Research Specialist • Business Process Analyst The following figure shows the EMD Planning Team Organizational Chart.

County of Riverside Operational Area
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Figure 9: County of Riverside Emergency Management Department Planning Team Organizational Chart

MJLHMP UPDATE STEERING COMMITTEE
Plan Writing/Development
Mary Valterria
Clerical Support
Marlene Lopez
HAZUS/GIS & Other Data
Catherine Farrokhi
Moses Martinez
Alejandro Gonzalez
Jurisdictional Outreach
West County
Michael Ornelas
East County
Eric Cadden
Public Outreach
Shane Reichardt
EMD Program Director
Brian MacGavin
EMD Planning Committee Leads
Jennifer Smith and William Luna

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3.6 MJLHMP Steering Committee
The Steering Committee meetings provide a forum for discussing the progress of the plan update, identify, and refine hazards, goals, strategies, timelines, and potential mitigation projects. In addition, the Committee identifies new resources, opportunities for trainings, and recommendations to refine the plan update process.

Information discussed during steering committee meetings include: • Review information provided and identified necessary corrections for updates • Review definitions for the hazards to ensure accuracy • Updating additional incidents relating to hazards • Provide supporting documentation with credible sources including but not limited to, studies (planning, safety, mitigation, etc.) maps, charts, tables, photos, surveys, cost-benefit analysis, or technical guidance
•Hazard prioritization, and tracking and ranking of mitigation actions • Strategies for participating jurisdictions to develop and use their internal planning teams to review and update their LHMPs
• Provide updated maps upon availability
The EMD GIS Specialist provided updated countywide maps that had been included in the 2023 MJLHMP.

As part of the planning process, a review of the unincorporated area was conducted to assess existing and new hazards through utilization of MyPlan assessment tool, the Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) and the National Risk Index (NRI).

3.7 Public Outreach
Public notice for the MJLHMP update was posted on the Emergency Management Department Website (RivCoEMD.org), various social media platforms including Twitter and announced at various community and advisory meetings throughout the County.

Feedback on the MJLHMP was open to the public and made available online. Members of the public were requested to provide insight into concerns and mitigation activities regarding the hazards affecting their specific communities. Comments received focused on identifying highest hazards concerns and mitigation activities to be addressed in the MJLHMP.
(Please see Appendix C for all outreach and meeting information) County of Riverside Operational Area
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Emergency Services Coordinators (ESCs) solicited public comment on the MJLHMP and dispersed personal preparedness materials including National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) information throughout the County. The educational outreach was also presented at county facilitated Community Emergency Response Team training (CERT) events as well as at community events. In addition, the county sent post cards with information on National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP) to county owed fire stations. Every year during National Preparedness Month, ESCs will continue to seek comments throughout the planning cycle. English and Spanish versions of the survey and handouts were made available. Please see Appendix Cfor a list of 2022 National Preparedness Month outreach dates and locations.

Figure 10: EMD LHMP Website
LHMP URL: https://rivcoready.org/about-emd/plans/local-hazard-mitigation-plan

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Figure 11: Twitter Post
Twitter URL:
https://twitter.com/RivCoReady?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Eembeddedtimelin e%7Ctwterm%5Escreen-name%3ARivCoReady%7Ctwcon%5Es2
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Figure 12: LHMP English Postcard Side 1
Figure 13: LHMP English Postcard Side 2

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Figure 14: LHMP Spanish Postcard Side 1
Figure 15: LHMP Spanish Postcard Side 2
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Figure 16: Outreach Public Comment Flyer

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3.7.1 Hazard Mitigation Meetings
Internal EMD Planning meetings were held to discuss review findings and the process was planned as explained in Section 3.1. The EMD MJLHMP Planning Team met regularly to discuss plan progress, participant status and any other matters as necessary.

Organizational efforts were initiated with the County and participating jurisdictions to inform and educate the participants of the purpose and need for updating the MJLHMP. The MJLHMP update process was initially discussed with OAPC during their January 12, 2022, meeting. The MJLHMP kick-off meeting was held on June 15, 2022. In August of 2022, four (4) workshops were then held for OA participants, two focused on the participants on the eastern side of the county and two focused on the participants on the western side of the county. MJLHMP participants were informed of training and educational webinar opportunities via email as they were identified by EMD planning staff.

Table 8: Presentations and Meetings
The following table documents public outreach efforts and community meetings:

Outreach Presentations and Updates
Date Name of Meeting Type of Presentation
1/13/2022 Operational Area Planning
Committee (OAPC) Meeting
Informed OA on upcoming plan to update
1/27/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Managers Association (RCEMA)
MJLHMP status update
3/24/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update
4/13/2022 OA Steering Committee Review of hazards, goals, objectives and strategies 5/12/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update
5/26/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update
6/15/2022 OA Update Kickoff Meeting LHMP discussion, Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update process, encouraged participation and Public Outreach
7/28/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update
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8/3/2022 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Update mitigation strategies and finalize hazard profile definitions
8/17/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements and timelines
8/18/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Management HealthCare
Coalition (RCEMHCC)
MJLHMP status update and outreach for participation
8/24/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements timeline 10/5/2022 OA MJHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting
11/3/2022 Operational Area Planning
Committee (OAPC) & Disaster
Council Meeting
MJLHMP status update
11/10/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update
1/4/2023 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting
1/12/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update
3/9/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update
3/23/2023 OAPC MJLHMP status update
4/3/2023 OA MJHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines MLHMP & LHMP status updates

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Table 9: Participant Meetings
The following table documents participant & Informational meetings:

Date Meeting Purpose
2/17/2022 Initial EMD MJLHMP leadership team development / discuss MJLHMP update strategies 3/22/2022 EMD MJLHMP team discuss assignments and responsibilities 6/6/2022 Initial weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 6/13/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 6/20/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 6/27/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 7/6/2022 RCIT Mitigation project tracking and ranking
7/11/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 7/18/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 7/25/2022 GIS and HAZUS requirements & needs with EMD staff 7/27/2022 RCIT hazard mitigation project identification 8/1/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/8/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/9/2022 LHMP update guidance Moreno Valley EM
8/15/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/22/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/29/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 8/30/2022Planning risk assessments for County Departments 9/5/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/12/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/19/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/22/2022 Cyber Terrorism risk assessment with RCIT
9/22/2022 Risk assessment assignment and information planning X2 9/26/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 9/28/2022 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance for Beaumont City 10/3/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 10/17/2022 City of Beaumont EMD and Cal OES clarification & assistance 10/20/2022 Risk and capabilities assessment with County Departments 10/20/2022 Follow up risk and capabilities assessment with County Flood Department 10/24/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 10/31/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES County of Riverside Operational Area
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10/31/2022 MJLHMP next steps planning meeting EMD Planning team 11/08/2022 IID LHMP review, update process and clarification assistance 11/14/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 11/21/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 11/30/2022 GIS capabilities update with Cal OES and EMD 12/5/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 12/12/2022 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 12/13/2022 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Eastvale 1/4/2023 GIS mapping meeting EMD staff
1/5/2023 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Riverside 1/9/2023 Peer review Norco LHMP
1/10/2023 Peer review Calimesa LHMP
1/11/2023 Follow up meeting with County Flood Department 1/16/2023 Standing weekly MJHMP status update with Cal OES 1/18/2023 IID Peer review of LHMP
1/18/2023 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Indian Wells 2/7/2023 Plan review, update process and clarification assistance Indio 3/13/2023 Desert Healthcare District & Foundation (DHCD) was unaware of the workshops & meetings. This meeting was with Conrado Barzarga, Chris Christensen, and Kevin Moore to discuss what needs to be done for them to be a participant and submit a LHMP annex 3/21/23 Follow up Zoom meeting with DHCD representatives: Conrado Barzarga, Chris Christensen, and Kevin Moore
See Appendix C for a list of meetings. Many meetings were held virtually and supporting documentation will be provided upon request. Public outreach for the MJLHMP process was conducted through multiple forums including in-person meetings, community event booths and online via survey. The forums and facilitators outlined a brief history of previous hazards, mitigation actions, and the benefits of a multi-jurisdictional hazard mitigation plan in Riverside County to interested parties.

As part of the public outreach and planning, participating members of the publicwere asked if they were concerned with any hazards or problems occurring in their living or working areas relevant to the identified hazards.

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The top hazards participants identified as having the highest potential threat to their communities was as follows: • Earthquake • Wildland Fire • Pandemic • Floods • Emerging Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Additional actions requested by the public for local government to take to reduce or eliminate the risk of future hazard damages were summarized as follows: • Monitor community development relevant to hazards • Providing personal preparedness training and education for hazards • Improve community infrastructure to be resilient to disasters • Improve community education on hazards within communities • Ensure climate change is incorporated for applicable hazard profiles The MJLHMP planning team reviewed the public input (comments, suggestions, and general feedback) and adjusted the hazard profiles accordingly. Hazard profiles are located in Section 5, and / or mitigation actions tables within this plan.

The public input identified actions that need improvement relating to personal preparedness, and community education as noted above. The MJLHMP planning team identified that this can be improved by expanding our mitigation outreach capabilities as identified in section 7.5.1 of this plan. A specific improvement within 7.5.1 titled Improvement to Outreach in disadvantaged communities was developed to improve our mitigation outreach capability by assigning staff to conduct community education throughout the lifecycle of this plan. The purpose of the assigned activities will be to educate the public and specifically vulnerable populations on the different community hazards and educate the public on steps to take to be resilient to community hazards.

The public input also identified the need for continued personal preparedness training.

The MJLHMP Planning Team leveraged this input and identified CERT Training and retention as a high priority project that must continue to be implemented as a mitigation project. This project is identified within Table 12 of this document, the 2023 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions Table.

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3.8 Existing Plans and Studies
Coordination with other community planning efforts is paramount to the success of the MJLHMP. Hazard mitigation planning involves identifying existing policies, tools, and actions that will reduce a community’s risk and vulnerability to hazards. Riverside County uses a variety of comprehensive planning mechanisms, such as general plans and ordinances, to guide growth and development. Integrating existing planning efforts, mitigation policies, and action strategies into the MJLHMP establishes a credible and comprehensive wayto tie into and support other community programs. This MJLHMP incorporates information from the following existing plans, ordinances, studies, reports, initiatives, and other relevant data from neighboring communities and other jurisdictions. • General Plan o Safety Element • Zoning Ordinances • Subdivision Ordinances • Water Conservation • Wildfire Ordinance • California Building Codes • Riverside County Flood Control Master Drainage Plan • Community Wildfire Protection Plan(s) • Riverside County Flood Insurance Studies • Riverside County Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan • State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 820 of 1949

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Section 4.0 – Updates and Mitigation Actions

4.1 Updates to 2023 MJLHMP Plan
During the 2023 MJLHMP update, Riverside County OA identified additional revisions to hazard definitions, Flu Pandemic was changed to Pandemic and Aqueduct was changed to Aqueduct Failure. These revisions clarify and/or expand upon the profile of each updated hazard definition. In the 2023 MJLHMPpandemic ranked within our top identified hazards with earthquakes, wildland fires, floods, emerging /re-emerging infectious diseases.

The MJLHMP Steering Committee determined that communicationsfailure should be added to the hazards in the 2018 MJLHMP because of its potential to affect response capabilities. Communication failures can have a detrimental effect on the operation of the County Emergency Operation Center (EOC) ultimately hindering the OA’s ability to return to normal operations.

The maps that are in the 2023 MJLHMP plan are current maps from EMD GIS Specialist and Cal OES’s MyPlan Program.

Some revisions to the 2023 plan mitigation actions included: • Revised Risk Assessment, concerning updated hazard information • Changed jurisdictional and Special Districts participants. • Incorporation of existing plans, ordinances, and studies.

There have been no changes in the priorities such as hazards to be mitigated or type of mitigation actions pursued. For a list of mitigation priorities, see Table 10 of this plan.

The goals, objectives and mitigation strategies reflect our top ten (10) hazards and risks for Riverside County.

1. Earthquake

2. Wildland Fire

3. Emerging/Re-emerging
Infectious Diseases

4. Pandemic 5. Floods 6. Electrical Failure 7. Extreme Weather

8. Drought 9. Hazardous Material Incident

10.Cyber Attack / Cyber
Terrorism

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4.2 Hazard Updates
The hazards identified in the 2023 update MJLHMP remain similar to the 2018 MJLHMP.

However, OAPC changed flu pandemic to pandemic and aqueduct to aqueduct failure at their January 13, 2022, meeting for the 2023 MJLHMP update.

Table 10: Hazard Identification
Hazard Reason Hazard Identified
Earthquake
• History of events • Presence of fault lines and geologic activity Pandemic
• Due to viruses constantly mutating and becoming more
contiguous
Wildland Fire
• History of events • Presence of a large amount of timber and brush Electrical Failure
• History of events
Emerging / Re-emerging
Infectious Diseases
• History of events
Cyber Attack
• History of events and danger to sensitive security
information for Health Care Facilities
Terrorist Event
• Heightened sense of awareness since September 2001 • History of event in December 2015 Communications Failure
• History of events • Impact level of events
Flood
• History of events
Civil Disorder
• Vulnerability due to number of public venues
Drought
• History of events • Potential to drastically increase wildfire hazard Nuclear/Radiological
Incident
• Vulnerability due to hazardous material incidents, dirty bombs or improvised explosive devices
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Extreme Weather
• History of events
Transportation Failure
• History of events and the presence of many
transportation corridors and airport flight paths
Dam Failure
• Vulnerability of dams
Aqueduct Failure
• Presence of aqueducts serving multiple counties
Tornado
• History of events
Insect Infestation
• History of events
Jail/Prison Event
• Vulnerability from events at correctional facilities
Pipeline Disruption
• History of events • Multiple pipelines within the OA
Landslide
• History of events
HazMat Incident
• History of events • Many transportation corridors and hazardous materials facilities
Water Supply
Disruption/Contamination
• History of events • Potential disruption to the OA
Non-Profiled Hazards
The MJLHMP planning team reviewed data and discussed several other hazards, which were eliminated from further discussion because they occur rarely and/or their impacts pose little to no risk. The list below details these hazards and provides a brief explanation for their omission from further profiling. • Avalanche – Snowfall is an isolated problem to our mountain communities such as Idyllwild, the frequency of this hazard impacting those communities is very limited. • Coastal Erosion/Storm– This hazard is very unlikely to impact the County due to the distance from coast and the ocean.
• Hurricane- This hazard is unlikely to impact the County due to its geographic location. • Tsunami-This hazard is very unlikely to impact the County due its distance from ocean.
• Volcano-This hazard is unlikely to impact the County due to its proximity to active volcanos.

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4.3 Mitigation Actions and Updates

4.3.1 2018 Plan Mitigation Actions (Historical Reference) 2018 mitigation strategies and projects are summarized in the following table:

Table 11: 2018 Plan Mitigation Actions
2018 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions Table
Type of
Hazard Mitigation Actions Departments/
Jurisdictions Status Update/Timeframe
Potential
Funding
Source
Status of
moving to
2023
MJLHMP
All Hazards
CERT Training and
retention
County of
Riverside
Emergency
Management
Department
(EMD)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). There will be one
yearly training in each county
district to ensure members of the
community get the opportunity to
refresh and reinforce CERT
skills. This action will be
reassessed during the update
phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State
Homeland
Security
Program
(SHSP)
Yes
All Hazards
Continue to utilize the
Safety Element of the
Riverside County General
Plan and the Riverside
County FD Master Plan as
base documents to
implement goals, objectives
and mitigation actions
All Riverside
County
Departments
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). The Safety Element
in the General Plan is updated as
new information and changes
arise. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Earthquake
Working with CalOES and
FEMA to revise the
Southern California
Catastrophic Earthquake
Response Plan
All Cities in
Riverside
County
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Riverside County
will continue to collaborate with
Cal OES/ FEMA to improve this
plan. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
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Earthquake
Reviewed Office of
Statewide Health Planning
and Development
(OSHPD), Structural
Performance Categories
and Nonstructural
Performance Categories
(SPC/NPC) Ratings of
Acute Care Hospital
Buildings and reported the
findings at EM Healthcare
Coalition
EMD &
Hospitals
within
Riverside
County
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). These reports will
continuously be reviewed to
ensure updates and consistencies
with any changes. This action will
be reassessed during the
monitoring and update phase of
the 2018 MJLHMP.

Hospital
Preparedness
Program
(HPP) Grant
Yes
Earthquake
Worked with local City
Emergency Manager (EM)
to address ’08 Golden
Guardian Riverside County
Shake Out
Scenario/Assumptions
EMD Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). County will
continuously work with City EM
to update, inform and improve the
annual Shake Out Scenario and
help the community increase their
preparedness skills. This action
will be reassessed during the
monitoring and update phase of
the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Earthquake
Mitigate potential seismic
hazards through adoption
and strict enforcement of
current building codes
County of
Riverside
Transportation
Land
Management
Agency
(TLMA)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). The codes will be
revised and updated to be
consistent with emergency
measures that can help prevent
earthquake impacts in county
buildings. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Pandemic
Flu
Provide training on
immunization techniques
Riverside
University
Health
System-Public
Health
(RUHS-PH)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continue training to
teach any new techniques,
strategies, and to ensure all staff
are proficient. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

Public Health
Emergency
Preparedness
Grant
(PHEP)
Yes
Pandemic
Flu
Participated and conducted
a Non-Medical Intervention
Tabletop Exercise
EMD &

RUHS-PH
Completed on 09/28/2015 Pan Flu
Grant
PHEP Grant
No

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Pandemic
Flu
Participated and conducted
a Flu vaccination exercise
EMD &

RUHS-PH
Completed on 11/10/2016 Pan Flu
Grant
PHEP Grant
No
Pandemic
Flu
Generate a draft Crisis Care
Plan
EMD &

RUHS-PH
Completed 08/30/2016 Pan Flu
Grant
PHEP Grant
HPP Grant
No
Pandemic
Flu
Training Medical Reserve
Corp (MRC) in hospital
surge exercises
EMD Started in 2011 and is on-going
for the life of the current plan
(yrs. 2018-2023). Continue
training to keep updating and
informing volunteers to increase
their skills. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

HPP Grant
State
and
SHSP
No
Pandemic
Flu
Training Medical Reserve
Corp. (MRC) volunteers in
Alternate Care Site
EMD Completed in 2014 HPP Grant
SHSP
Pan Flu
Grant
No
Wildland
Fire
Create wildfire protection
zones that reduce the risks
to citizens and firefighters
from fire dangers
Riverside
County Fire
Department &

CAL FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously update
and develop protection zones that
can help decrease wildfire risks in
the community. This action will
be reassessed during the update
phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Strengthen defensible space
inspections in fire prone
areas
Riverside
County Fire
Department &

CAL FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continue inspections
in locations that are susceptible to
fires. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

State/County
General
Funds &
Structural
Fire Taxes
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Continue maintenance of
existing fire roads
throughout the county to
provide fire department
access
Riverside
County Fire
Department &

CAL FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continue keeping the
roads well paved and easy to have
fire trucks be able to drive on.

This action will be reassessed
during the monitoring and update
phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Combined
into one
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Wildland
Fire
Fuel reduction projects
throughout the county to
reduce fire potential
Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
improve and develop projects to
lower the impact of fires in the
county. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Develop and enforce
construction and design
standards that ensure the
development incorporates fire
prevention features
Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
enforce and update measures to
prevent fire hazards. This action
will be reassessed during the
monitoring and update phase of
the 2018 MJLHMP.

Developer
Fees
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Conduct and implement long
range fire safe planning
through code
adoption/policies consistent
with the Safety Element of
the General Plan
Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
& TLMA
(Planning
Division)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
implement code policies to
integrate them into the Safety
Element as they are
developed/updated and approved.

This action will be reassessed
during the monitoring and update
phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
and Fire
Marshal Fees
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Ben Clark Training Center to
provide wildland fire
protection related classes to
fire personnel
Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously make
sure that this center is available to
provide wildland fire protection
classes to fire staff to improve
their skills on fire mitigation and
preparedness. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

County
General
Fund, private
colleges fees,
and State
Mission
Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Continue wildland fire
suppression/preparedness to
maintain a state of readiness
throughout the year
Riverside
County Fire
Department
& CAL
FIRE
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
provide skills training to the
community to be prepared for
disasters. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention,
identification, and mitigation
of Goldspot Oak Bore Beetle
(GSOB) trees at various
infestation levels on State
Responsibility Area (SRA)

CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Monitor infestation
levels of GSOB trees to continue
removing infested trees if
necessary. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes

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lands throughout the county.

Herbicide or tree removal if
necessary
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention,
identification and mitigation
of Pine Bark Beetle
infestation, epidemic during
times of drought. Removal of
trees that are symptomatic or
the use of pesticide when
applicable

CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Monitor infestation
levels of Pine Bark Beetle to
continue removing infested trees
or to continue using pesticides if
necessary. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
Wildland
Fire
Continue Truck Trail and
road maintenance to provide
access for fire suppression
vehicles and personnel.

CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
preserve and improve Truck Trail
and roads, if needed, for rapid
available access to fire
suppression vehicles. This action
will be reassessed during the
monitoring and update phase of
the 2018 MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
combined
into one
Wildland
Fire
Continue Fire Road
maintenance of culverts and
road prisms in open space
areas on SRA land to allow
for adequate drainage.

CAL FIRE
Unit
Forester
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
preserve and improve culverts
and road prisms, if needed, for
sufficient drainage. This action
will be reassessed during the
monitoring and update phase of
the 2018 MJLHMP.

State Mission
and/or Grant
funding
Yes
combined
into one for
2023
MJLHMP
Electrical
Failure
Coordinated with Southern
California Edison to be
included in their power
outage notifications
EMD Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). EMD joined SoCal
Edison’s recipient list as of Dec.
2016 to continuously be informed
of any emergency notifications to
help prevent electrical failure
impacts. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Drafted a Region VI Highly
Contagious Disease
Transportation Plan
EMD Completed on 12/08/2016. HPP Grant
Ebola Grant
No
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Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Facilitated a Region VI
Highly Contagious Disease
Transportation Tabletop
Exercise
EMD Completed on 09/29/2016
The situation manual for this was
completed on 11/14/2016
HPP Grant
Ebola Grant
No
Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Drafted a Riverside County
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
Preparedness and Response
Plan (VHF Plan)
EMD &

RUHS-PH
Completed on 11/2016 HPP Grant
Ebola Grant
No
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Intrusion
Prevention System (IPS)
Protects the county network
from Internet-based threats
and attacks (~140,000
attacks/day on average)
Riverside
County
Technology
Information
(RCIT)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continue to update/
maintain IPS network to protect
the county from cyber-attacks or
threats. This action will be
reassessed during the update
phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Breach Detection
System
Inspects all internal/lateral
county network traffic for
indicators of compromise
(IOC) enabling ISO to detect,
respond to, contain, prevent
cyber-attacks, network
reconnaissance, malware
outbreaks, data exfiltration,
and C2 (command & control)
and botnet activities
RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously inspect
the county network to detect
forms of threats or attacks. This
action will be reassessed during
the monitoring and update phase
of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Albert Sensor
Monitors/reports to the
Center for Internet Security
(CIS) Multi-State Information
Sharing and Analysis Center
(MS-ISAC) all Domain Name
System (DNS) and NetFlow
traffic for correlation with the
Department of Homeland
Security’s threat intelligence
database for real-time alerting
of malicious network
connections to blacklisted IP
address on the Internet
RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
maintain the Albert Sensor in
order keep having the association
with the Department of Homeland
Security’s database on alerting
network threats for the county.

This action will be reassessed
during the monitoring and update
phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes

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Cyber
Attack
Countywide Security
Awareness Training
SANS Securing The human
information security and
privacy training modules
deployed on county learning
management system (LMS)
Educates our workforce on
how to be extra vigilant and
things to look out for to avoid
falling victim to a targeted
attack
RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
provide training to the county’s
workforce on signs of cyber-
attacks and prevent them from
being a victim of these attacks.

This action will be reassessed
during the monitoring and update
phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Security
Information Event
Management (SIEM)
Serves as the county’s
centralized security event log
management repository and
correlation engine
RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continue to maintain
the SIEM to monitor and prevent
security threats. This action will
be reassessed during the update
phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Internet Proxy
(Web Filter)
Prevents county employees
and malware from accessing
malicious / compromised
command & control (C2)
websites and servers, in
addition to non-county
authorized websites based on
category/content filtration
policies/rules
RCIT May 2017 – December 2018
Product (Blue Coat Proxy
Advance Secure Gateway (ASG))
has been procured and is in the
process of being deployed.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Governance, Risk, &
Compliance (GRC)
Software Suite
Platform on which our
security operations (active
network monitoring, breach
detection, incident response,
business impact analysis,
threat containment /
eradication,
alerting/reporting, process
workflow automation,
security audits, risk
assessments / register,
regulatory compliance
checks) will be carried out
RCIT Implementation estimated to
begin in June 2017 – July 2018.

Product (RSA Archer GRC) has
been procured and is in the
process of being deployed.

County
General Fund
No
Not longer
viable
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 116 | S e c t i o n 4
Cyber
Attack
Security Operations Center
(SOC)
Planning phase completed.

Construction estimated to
begin in September 2017
RCIT September 2017
– September
2018.

The County’s Cyber Security
Operations Center (SOC) is under
construction.

County
General Fund
Yes
Cyber
Attack
Information Security
Forum (ISF)
Convene on a quarterly basis
with department information
security officers/liaisons to
discuss key security topics,
risk trends, and other related
matters, including:

Formation of a Critical
Security Incident Response
Team (CSIRT)
Conducting security
incident/breach simulations
and tabletop exercises
RCIT October 2018 – ongoing
This forum will be on-going for
the life of the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Will continue to
conduct constant security
incident/breach simulations and
tabletop exercises that can help
prevent cyber-attacks in the
future. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

The ISO is in the process of
identifying members to serve on
the Critical Security Incident
Response Team (CSIRT).

Estimated timeline for formation
and initial kickoff meeting is
October 2018.

County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
SWAT team trained to
respond to terrorism events
Riverside
County
Sheriff
(RSO)
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
provide training to reflect
personnel attrition and train on
new tactics. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Hazard Device Team trained
to respond to terrorism events
RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
provide training to reflect
personnel attrition and train on
new tactics and trends. This
action will be reassessed during
the monitoring and update phase
of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 117 | S e c t i o n 4
Terrorist
Event
Sheriff Emergency Response
Team trained to respond to
terrorism events
RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
provide training to reflect
personnel attrition and train on
new trends. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Sheriff personnel are assigned
to the Joint Terrorism Task
Force
RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
integrate new sheriff personnel to
improve this group’s structure
and capabilities. This action will
be reassessed during the
monitoring and update phase of
the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Ben Clark Training Center
provides terrorism related
classes for Law Enforcement
and First Responders.

RSO Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Classes are funded
each year through the State
Homeland Security Program
(SHSP) to continuously educate
and train personnel on new skills
and improve their abilities. This
action will be reassessed during
the monitoring and update phase
of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Terrorist
Event
Tactical response training RSO &
Riverside
County Fire
Department
Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously train
and improve on tactical response.

This action will be reassessed
during the monitoring and update
phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Communicat
ions Failure
County of Riverside
Network (CORNET)
Redundant Internet
connections
Backbone links are
configured with a mesh
topology to provide full
redundancy
RCIT Ongoing for the current plan (yrs.
2018-2023). Continuously
configure links to prevent the
termination of internet
connections. This action will be
reassessed during the monitoring
and update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 118 | S e c t i o n 4
Communicat
ions Failure
Enterprise Voice Network
(VoIP)
Centralized SIP trunking for
ingress/egress PSTN access
via 8 geographically separated
locations
Carrier failover protection for
inbound voice traffic
Enterprise call processing for
VoIP Endpoints are logically
and physically separated into 3
datacenters ensuring a High-
Availability solution
Remote site routers configured
for SRST; in times of WAN
outages, local IP Phones will
re-register to local equipment,
providing inter-site calling and
access to the PSAP via carrier
provided analog circuits
RCIT Ongoing for the life of the
current plan (yrs. 2018-2023).

Continuously provide
accessibility to phone carrier
connection and call processing.

This action will be reassessed
during the monitoring and
update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes
Communicat
ions Failure
Enterprise Best Practices
Internal escalation contact list
for all essential personal
readily available
24x7 On-Call staffing
availability for both Voice and
Data Networks
Vendor support available at
24x7x4 for all critical Network
and Voice equipment
Regular professional staff
training on emerging
technologies
Frequent equipment
configuration backups to SAN
Critical Enterprise level
equipment is located at
facilities with full battery and
generator backup power
RCIT Ongoing for the current plan
(yrs. 2018-2023). Continue to
update contact list when staff
support is needed in case of
emergencies. Continue to train
staff on technologies that arise
and equip facilities with power
backup supplies. This action will
be reassessed during the
monitoring and update phase of
the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Yes

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 119 | S e c t i o n 4
Communicat
ions Failure
Enterprise Emergency
Notification System
InformaCast Advanced on-
premise notification solution
for immediate reach to the
County’s 20,000+ VoIP
endpoints
InformaCast Mobile cloud-
based notification solution to
extend the County’s reach offnetwork to mobile devices such as cellular phones and
tablets
RCIT On Premise solution has been
rolled out to all County VoIP
endpoints.

Mobile Solution was rolled out
to EMD. Mobile solution is
ready to be rolled out to other
departments as requested.

Ongoing for the current plan
(yrs. 2018-2023). Continue to
have a notification system that
connects with off-network
devices in case of
communication failure,
including Wi-Fi. This action will
be reassessed during the update
phase of the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Department
Funds;
departments
who wish to
use this
service will
be billed
back to the
departments
based on how
many users
Yes
Communicat
ions Failure
Network Connectivity
Use of Cellular based
redundant WAN links for
critical county locations.

Introduction of MPLS
technologies to provide
alternate network paths for
County locations
RCIT Several locations have purchased
a Cellular based redundant WAN
link.

Solution can be purchased by
other departments. Installation
can take up to 6 weeks to install,
based on availability.

Ongoing for the current plan
(yrs. 2018-2023). Continue to
provide alternate network paths
for County locations during a
communication failure. This
action will be reassessed during
the update phase of the 2018
MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
Department
Funds;
billable by
the cellular
carrier to
requesting
departments
Yes
Flood
University Wash Channel,
Stage 3 Project No. 221-1--
00120-03-12
This project will increase
public safety/improve local
economics by retrofitting an
older, built-out commercial/
industrial area with drainage
infrastructure to alleviate flood
damage to existing businesses.

Riverside
County
Flood
Control and
Water
Conservatio
n District
(RCFCWC
D)
Notice To Proceed 2/21/17
Completed 11/14/17
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$3,044,500
No
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 120 | S e c t i o n 4
The project will address street
and intersection flooding
Flood
Monroe MDP – Monroe
Channel Project No. 1-8-
00071 Stage 4
Replacement of City’s existing
open channel with
underground reinforced
concrete box with 10-year
storm capacity at request of
the City of Riverside. Project
limits are from California
Avenue upstream to Magnolia
Avenue
RCFCWCD Expected to be advertise in 4th
Quarter 2016
Notice to Proceed 8/30/17
Completed 5/01/18
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$2,489,067
No
Flood
Jurupa – Pyrite MDP Line
A-2 Project No. 1--00234
Stage 1
Master planned lateral
stormdrain to Jurupa Channel.

Project is east-west drain
crossing Agate Street about
1,000 feet south of Jurupa
Road. Outlet point at Jurupa
Channel is unimproved and
likely to remain so.

RCFCWCD 30 percent Plans & R/W
Acquisition as of 1/10/17
Projected Start: 9/2018
Projected End: during the life of
the plan (2018-2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$338,332
No
Flood
University MDP Line 3
Project No. 1--09020 Stage
1 approximately 2,900 ft of 30”
RCP east in Blaine St. then
northeast to Blaine St.

Retention Basin, located 600
ft. north of Blaine St. between
Valencia Hill Dr. and Mt.

Vernon Ave. Budgeted for
scoping study and evaluation
of FEMA map floodplain
limits only
RCFCWCD Pending approval
Projected Start: 12/2020
Projected End: during the
timeframe of the MJLHMP
(2018-2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$2,926,028
No

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 121 | S e c t i o n 4
Flood
Santa Ana River
Stabilization
Project No. 1--00010 Stg. 90
USACE is expected to initiate
restoration of the federally
constructed reach of the Santa
Ana River Levee system
downstream of San Bernardino
County line to Tequesquite.

Work will likely include repair
of groins and toe protection
RCFCWCD Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end: during
the timeframe of the MJLHMP
(2018-2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$10,685,000
No
Flood
Sycamore Dam – Outlet
Structure Modifications
Project No. 1--00042
This project will upgrade the
level of safety and
serviceability. Initial project
components include the
repair/reinforcement of the
existing outlet channel;
construction of a new debris
rack structure; erosion control
on the embankment of the
dam; construction of a safer
access road into the facility;
design for a safer routing of
flood waters from the
emergency spillway to Central
Avenue; and the installation of
a control section to measure
outflow from the outlet pipe of
the dam. Completion of this
project is planned to follow the
Woodcrest Dam Outlet
Modification project.

RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
the timeframe of the MJLHMP
(2018-2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$1,854,991
No
Flood
Box Springs Dam – Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1--00041
Reconstruct outlet structure to
prevent blockage from
sediment accumulation
RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start /end: during the
MJLHMP timeframe (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$981,842
No
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 122 | S e c t i o n 4
Flood
Alessandro Dam Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1--00043
Reconstruct outlet structure to
prevent blockage from
sediment accumulation
RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$907,682
No
Flood
Prenda Dam Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1--00044
Reconstruct outlet structure to
prevent blockage from
sediment accumulation
RCFCWCD Pending until Woodcrest Dam is
complete. 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$1,238,312
No
Flood
Woodcrest Dam Outlet
Modification
Project No. 1--00045
This project will upgrade the
level of safety/serviceability.

The approved Project Charter
identifies the primary scope of
work for the project as
follows: design/construction of
a new inlet structure to reduce
potential for clogging of the
outlet works; rehabilitation of
existing outlet gate assembly
and control stem;
implementation of automated
gate control system;
rehabilitation of the outlet
pipe; restoration of outlet
channel; and install of surficial
erosion controls on the surface
of the dam embankment. This
project will serve as an
example for performing
similar upgrades to the
remaining Riverside
Reservoirs
RCFCWCD Development of design plans
and specifications on hold until
latest Geotechnical investigation
is complete
Projected Start: March 2019
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$2,216,529
No

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 123 | S e c t i o n 4
Flood
Corona MDP 5 Stage 1
Project No. 2--00280
This project includes the
construction of an
underground storm drain
beginning in Sherman Ave.
south of Railroad St. and
extending down Railroad
Street westerly to Smith St.

The City is willing to use
District funding for the
design/construction of this
project
RCFCWCD Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$1,397,201
No
Flood
Corona MDP Line 52 Stage
1 Project
No. 2--00350
An underground storm drain
extending north from Third St.
along E. Grand Blvd. then
under the 91 Freeway to
Temescal Creek Channel
City Of
Corona
Notice to Proceed 7/29/17
Expected Completion: Summer
2018
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
City of
Corona
Funds
Cost:
$4,522,000
No
Flood
Coldwater Canyon
Structural Improvements
Project 2--00505
Proposed conceptual
improvements include 1)
reducing flood risk and
nuisance to traveling public on
Temescal Canyon Rd. at the
intersection of Glen Ivy Rd.;
and 2) an armored berm along
the east bank of Coldwater
Wash down stream of the
intersection of Temescal
Canyon Rd. and Glen Ivy Rd.

The armored berm would
prevent the migration of the
active Coldwater Wash
Channel, thereby protecting
the west side of the Mountain
Cove Development.

Conceptual improvements are
pending friendly acquisition of
the underlying parcels needed
for the project
RCFCWCD Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$6,005,806
No
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 124 | S e c t i o n 4
Flood
Coldwater Canyon
Floodplain Acquisition
Project No. 2--00505
Funded portion of project
includes a hydrologic and
geomorphologic assessment of
Coldwater Canyon Wash from
Glen Ivy Road to Temescal
Wash. Study will evaluate the
stability of Coldwater Canyon
Wash and recommend
potential minimalist
interventions to protect Squaw
Mountain Bridge and prevent
erosion of Painted Hills
development canyon slopes
along Coldwater Canyon
Wash. Balance of funds would
support potential interventions
recommended by the report
including floodplain buyout
RCFCWCD Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
included in
the
$6,005,806
amount for
Coldwater
Canyon
Structural
Improvement
project listed
above
No
Flood
Southeast Compton Wash
at Corona Sanitary landfill
Project No. 2--09054
Riverside County Waste Mgmt
District has requested
assistance in solving ongoing
flooding/erosion issues along
southeast side of the landfill
Riverside
County
Waste
Managemen
t District**
Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$500,000
No
Flood
Lake Mathews Estates
Water Quality Pond Project 2- -09058
Proposed in the “Drainage
Water Quality Management
Plan for the Lake Matthews
Watershed”, this roughly 10-
acre project shall be located on
the south side of Cajalco Rd.
about ¾-mile west of
WoodRd. The project will
capture first flush runoff from
Cajalco Creek and carry it to
an off-channel pond to be
treated and/or infiltrated
RCFCWCD Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$2,794,983
No

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 125 | S e c t i o n 4
Flood

LITTLE LAKE MDP LINE
B, STG 1 STETSON AVE
CHANNEL, STG 7 aka

HEMET MDP LINE D
Project #s 224-4--00265-01-12
224-4--00211-07-12
RCFCWCD constructed a
segment of the District’s Little
Lake MOP Line B. The infra-
structure will diminish floods
and damage to private property
/businesses, improve safety of
traveling public during storm
events. The new drain will
reduce flood related repair /maintenance costs for streets in the City of Hemet. Little
Lake MDP Line B Stg 1 is
located in the City of Hemet
and extends into the City of
San Jacinto/unincorporated
Riverside County at approx.
300 feet north of Berkley Ave
and terminating at 200 feet
south of Florida
RCFCWCD Stage 1 Completed 06/21/16

Stage 2 Pending approval
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$6,398,777
No
Flood
Temescal Wash Floodplain
Project No. 2--00052
Acquisition of floodplain area
for flood protection, water
conservation and habitat
mitigation banking
RCFCWCD Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$23,534,000
No
Flood
Ortega Channel Retrofit
Project No. 3--00070
Project will replace a portion
of the clog-prone storm drain
with a more accessible/
maintainable open channel
RCFCWCD Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$1,628,761
No
Flood
Little Lake MDP Line B
Stage 2
Project No. 4--00265
An underground storm drain
from just south of Florida
Ave., southerly in Meridian
Street to Whittier Ave.

RCFCWCD Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$6,804,257
No
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 126 | S e c t i o n 4
Flood
San Jacinto River Stage 3
Project No. 4--00020
“Stage 3” covers the nearly
10-mile river reach beginning
at the entrance to Railroad
Canyon and ending upstream
at the Ramona Expressway
crossing near the Bernasconi
Hills. This environmentally
and fiscally challenged project
has seen several evolutions
and has been essentially
dormant for a decade. Funding
shown is for intensive
planning / engineering study of
options for managing future
development. Goal is to
develop a viable project for the
San Jacinto River from
Ramona Expressway to
Railroad Canyon considering
flood management,
transportation, environmental
and other opportunities and
constraints
RCFCWCD Pending approval
Projected Start: 11/2019
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
ADP (Area
Drainage
Plan) Funds
Cost:
$70,000,000
No
Flood
Beaumont MDP Line 16
Stage 1
Project No. 5--00201
Project would build MDP Line
16 in Grand Avenue from
Beaumont Cherry Valley
Water District (BCVWD)
infiltration ponds easterly to
Bellflower Avenue as an
element of a cooperative
project with the BCVWD to
provide both flood control and
storm water capture to
recharge groundwater
RCFCWCD Pending approval
Projected Start: 12/2020
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$5,353,074
No
Flood
Murrieta Creek Channel
(Phase II & III) Project No. 7- -00021
Murrieta Creek Flood Control
Project from Old Town
Temecula to Elm Street in
Murrieta

RCFCWCD
/United
States Army
Corps of
Engineers*
Pending approval 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$82,000,000
No

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 127 | S e c t i o n 4
Flood
Whitewater River Levee
Restoration Project No. 6--
00250
Restoration work to increase
freeboard and bring levee
adjacent to Cimarron Golf
Resort into compliance with
FEMA certification guidelines
RCFCWCD Pending – Full scope
of restoration work not yet
established but funding figure
shown is based on preliminary
engineer’s estimate 5-year CIP (Capital
Improvement Plan)
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:1,260,0
00 No
Flood
Palm Canyon Wash –
Cherley Creek Levee
Restoration Stage 90 Project
No. 6--00040
Major construction to bring
levee serving small tributary
upstream of South Palm
Canyon Wash into compliance
with FEMA certification
guidelines. Project will be
combination of RSP and soil-
cement lined channel and
levee
RCFCWCD Expected Advertise Date: 2nd
Quarter 2018
Projected Start: 08/2019
Projected start and end during
timeframe of MJLHMP (2018-
2023)
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
Cost:
$6,187,021
No
Flood
Banning MDP Line D-2
Stage 1
Project No. 5--00169
This project is over one mile
of underground storm drain
that connects to the existing
Ramsey Street Storm Drain at
the intersection of Hargrave
Street and Ramsey Street. It
includes Line D-2, Stage 1
which will continue northerly
along Hargrave Street for
approximately 5,250 feet
before terminating at Indian
School Lane. Line D-2A,
Stage 1 will tie into Line D-2
at the intersection of Hargrave
Street and Theodore Street.

Line D-2A will continue
westerly along Theodore
Street for approximately 600
feet before terminating at
Florida Street.

RCFCWCD
/City of
Banning
Notice to Proceed: 5/15/17
Completed: 2/27/18
Riverside
County Flood
Control funds
No
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 128 | S e c t i o n 4
Civil
Disorder
Trained and equipped Mobile
Field Force Teams throughout
the county
RSO Ongoing for the current plan
(yrs. 2018-2023). Continuously
provide training to reflect
personnel attrition; Less-lethal
equipment acquired. This action
will be reassessed during the
monitoring and update phase of
the 2018 MJLHMP.

County
General Fund
No

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 129 | S e c t i o n 4

4.3.2 Prioritization Process
Once the mitigation actions were identified, the Steering Committee was provided with FEMA’s recommended STAPLEE prioritization criteria for deciding ranking of mitigation actions. STAPLEE stands for the following:
• Social: Does the action treat people fairly? (e.g., different groups, different generations) Does it consider social equity, disadvantaged communities, or vulnerable populations? • Technical: Will it work? (Is the action technically feasible? Does it solve the problem?) • Administrative: Is there capacity to implement and manage the project? (adequate staffing, funding, and other capabilities to implement the project?) • Political: Who are the stakeholders? Did they get to participate? Will there be adequate political and public support for the project?
• Legal: Does the jurisdiction have the legal authority to implement the action? Is it legal? Are the reliability implications?
• Economic: Is the action cost-beneficial? Is there funding available? Will the action contribute to the local economy?
• Environmental: Does the action comply with environmental regulations? Will there be negative environmental consequences from the action?
In accordance with the Disaster Mitigation Act requirements, an emphasis was placed on the importance of a benefit-cost analysis in determining action priority. Other criteria used to assist in evaluating the benefit-cost of a mitigation action included:
•Does the action address the hazards or areas with the highest risk? •Does the action protect lives?
•Does the action protect infrastructure, community assets or critical facilities? •Does the action meet multiple objectives (Multiple Objective Management)? •What will the action cost?
•What is the timing of available funding?
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 130 | S e c t i o n 4
The mitigation categories, multi-hazard actions, and criteria are included in Appendix C.

The 2023 MJLHMP Steering Committee reviewed and discussed the STAPLEE criteria to determine which 2023 mitigation actions scored the highest after comparing them to the STAPLEE criteria. Actions identified in the 2018 MJLHMP that were carried over into the updated 2023 MJLHMP were prioritized and ranked with the new mitigation actions.

STAPLEE scores 40 and greater were prioritized as high, scores between 30 and 39 were periodized as medium and scores below 30 were prioritized as low based on the established goals in Section 8.

Table 12: 2023 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions
2023 MJLHMP Mitigation Actions Table
Type of
Hazard
Mitigation Actions Lead Dept/
Jurisdiction
Status / Timeframes From
2018
MJLHMP
Estimate
Cost and
Funding
Priority
Multiple
Continue using Riverside County
General Plan, its Safety
Element, and the
MJLHMP to implement
goals, objectives, and
mitigation actions
County
departments
Ongoing 2023-2028.

The Safety Element in
General Plan was
updated on 9/28/21. This
action will be reassessed
during MJLHMP
maintenance
Yes Cost is
negligible
County
General
Fund
High
Multiple
CERT Training and
retention
Emergency
Management
Department
(EMD)
Ongoing 2023-2028.

CERT volunteers are
directed to opportunities
such as RACES, General
Volunteers, and Medical
Reserve Corps
Yes $50,000 /yr.

SHSP
High
Earthquake
Conduct annual Great
Shakeout earthquake
drills and collaborate
with city emergency
managers to increase
community earthquake
preparedness
EMD Ongoing 2023
-2028 Yes Cost is
negligible
BRIC
HMGP
Low
Earthquake
Update the 2010
Southern California
Catastrophic
Earthquake Response
Plan
EMD &
Cities within
Riverside
County
2023-2025. Riverside
County will continue to
collaborate with Cal
OES/ FEMA to update
this plan. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the
MJLHMP
Yes $100,000
BRIC
HMGP
County
General
Fund
High

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 131 | S e c t i o n 4
Earthquake
Seismic compliance for
acute care hospitals
EMD &
Riverside
County
Hospitals
2023-2028. Riverside
County will continue to
collaborate with
California Department
of Health Care Access
and Information and
hospital representatives
to seek hospital
compliance with seismic
requirements.

Yes 50 million
BRIC

HMGP HPP
High
Wildland
Fire &
Electrical
Failure
Coordinate
notifications of power
outages with Southern
California Edison
EMD 2023-2028, This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes $50,000
County
General
Fund
High
Multiple
Outdoor Alert &
Warning Project for the
Mt San Jacinto Region
EMD 2023-2024. Ongoing
once project is
completed. Completion
timeframe is based on
the availability of
funding
No 10 million
HMGP Evac
Grant
High
Multiple
Outdoor Alert &
Warning Project for the
Santa Ana River
bottom
EMD 2023-2028, Project is in
the concept phase. A
feasibility study is to be
conducted during the
MJLHMP 2023-2028
timeframe
No 15 million

BRIC HMGP
Medium
Earthquake
Mitigate potential
seismic hazards
through adoption and
strict enforcement of
current building codes
for new and existing
building
TLMA /
Facilities
Management
2023-2028. Ongoing.

Codes will be revised
and updated to be
consistent with
emergency measures
that can help prevent
earthquake impacts in
county buildings. This
action will be reassessed
during maintenance of
the 2023 MJLHMP.

County General Fund
Yes $50,000
County
General
Fund BRIC
HMGP
Medium
Pandemic
Emerging /
Re-emerging
Infectious
Diseases
Immunization
technique trainings
Riverside
University
Health
System-
Public Health
2023-2028.Trainings
for new techniques,
strategies, and ensuring
all staff are proficient
Yes $50,000

PHEP HPP
High
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 132 | S e c t i o n 4
Wildland
Fire
Create wildfire
protection zones that
reduce the risks to
citizens and firefighters
from fire dangers
RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028.

Continuously update and
develop wildfire
protection zones to
decrease wildfire risks in
the community. This
action will be reassessed
during maintenance of
the 2023 MJLHMP
Yes>$100K
State
Mission
BRIC
HMGP
High
Wildland
Fire
Strengthen defensible
space inspections in fire
prone areas
RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028. Continue
inspections in locations
susceptible to fires. This
action will be reassessed
during maintenance of
the 2023 MJLHMP.

State and County
General Funds &
Structural Fire Taxes
Yes >$100K
State &
County
General
Funds BRIC
HMGP
High
Wildland
Fire
Continue maintenance
of existing fire roads
throughout the county
to provide fire
department access
RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes
Combined
duplicated
projects
>$100K
State
Mission
Funds BRIC
HMGP
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Fuel reduction projects
throughout the county
to reduce fire potential
RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
State
Mission
Funds BRIC
HMGP
High
Wildland
Fire
Develop and enforce
construction and design
standards that ensure
the development
incorporates fire
prevention features
RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028.This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP. Developer
fees
Yes >50K
Developer
Fees
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Conduct and implement
long range fire safe
planning through code
adoption/policies
consistent with the
General Plan Safety
Element
RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP. County
General Fund and Fire
Marshal Fees
Yes >50K
County
General Fire
Marshal fees
Fund BRIC
HMGP
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Continue wildland fire
suppression/preparedne
ss to maintain a state of
RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028.

Continuously provide
skills training to the
community to prepare
Yes >$100K
County
General
Medium

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 133 | S e c t i o n 4
readiness throughout
the year
for disasters. This action
to be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Fund BRIC
HMGP
Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention,
identification, and
mitigation of Goldspot
Oak Bore Beetle trees
(GSOB) at various
infestation levels on
State Responsibility
Area (SRA) lands
throughout the county.

Herbicide or tree
removal if necessary
RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028.

Continuously monitor
infestation levels of
GSOB trees to continue
removing infested trees
if necessary. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
State
Mission
Funds BRIC
HMGP
Medium
Wildland
Fire
Rapid intervention,
identification and
mitigation of Bark
Beetle infestation,
epidemic during times
of drought. Removal of
symptomatic trees or
the use of pesticides
RCFD &

CAL FIRE
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
State
Mission
Funds BRIC
HMGP
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Intrusion
Prevention System (IPS)
Protects the county
network from Internet-
based threats/attacks
(~140,000 day on avg)
RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Breach
Detection System
Inspects all internal/
lateral county network
traffic for indicators of
compromise (IOCs)
enabling the ISO to
rapidly detect, respond
to, contain, and prevent
cyberattacks, malware
outbreaks, network
reconnaissance, data
exfiltration, C2
(command & control)
and botnet activities
RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
Medium
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 134 | S e c t i o n 4
Cyber
Attack
Albert Sensor
Monitors and reports to
the Center for Internet
Security (CIS)
Multi-State Information
Sharing and Analysis
Center (MS-ISAC) all
Domain Name System
(DNS) and NetFlow
traffic for correlation
with the Department of
Homeland Security’s
threat intelligence
database for real-time
alerting of malicious
network connections to
blacklisted IP address
on the Internet
RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Countywide Security
Awareness Training
SANS Securing The
human information
security and privacy
training modules
deployed on county
learning management
system (LMS)
Educates our workforce
on how to be extra
vigilant and things to
look out for to avoid
falling victim to a
targeted attack
RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Security
Information Event
Management (SIEM)
Serves as the county’s
centralized security
event log management
repository and
correlation engine
RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 135 | S e c t i o n 4
Cyber
Attack
Enterprise Internet
Proxy (Web Filter)
Prevents county
employees and
malware from
accessing
compromised/malicious
websites and C2
(command & control)
servers, in addition to
non-county authorized
websites based on
category/content
filtration policies/rules
RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
Governance, Risk, &
Compliance (GRC)
Software Suite
Platform on which
security operations
(active network
monitoring, breach
detection, incident
response, business
impact analysis, threat
containment,
eradication,
alerting/reporting,
process workflow
automation, security
audits, risk
assessments/register,
regulatory compliance
checks) will be carried
out. Abandoned
Project in 2018 no
longer viable
RCIT N/A No longer
viable
N/A
Cyber
Attack
Security Operations
Center (SOC)
Completed and ongoing
RCIT 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 136 | S e c t i o n 4
Cyber
Attack
Information Security
Forum (ISF)
Convene on a quarterly
basis with department
information security
officers/ liaisons to
discuss key security
topics, risk trends, and
other related matters,
including formation of
a Critical Security
Incident Response
Team (CSIRT), and
conducting security
incident/breach
simulations and
tabletop exercises
RCIT 2023-2028.–Ongoing
This action will be
reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes <25K
County
General
Fund
Medium
Cyber
Attack
Tabletop Crisis
Simulator
Will allow the county
to perform tabletop
exercises with realistic
scenarios that are
relevant to our industry
and regularly updated.

Exercises will allow
staff to test incident
response plans and
record results to track
progress over time
RCIT 2023
-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
Breach Attack and
Simulation
A platform that
simulates automated
attack scenarios and
tests the efficacy of our
current Cyber Security
Tools and how we
respond to events
RCIT 2023
-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
Cyber
Attack
KnowBe4 Phishing
Simulation
Allows county
employees to receive
monthly phishing tests
as part of our Security
Awareness Training
RCIT 2023
-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
Medium

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 137 | S e c t i o n 4
Com Failure
Enterprise Voice
Network (VoIP)
Centralized SIP
trunks
Centralized SIP
trunking for ingress/
egress PSTN access via
3 geographically
separated locations.

Expected completion
for circuit migration
Feb 2023. Carrier
failover protection for
inbound voice traffic
expected completion
end of Q2 2023.

Enterprise call
processing for VoIP.

Endpoints are logically
and physically
separated into 3
datacenters ensuring a
High- Availability
solution. Remote site
routers configured for
SRST; in times of
WAN outages, local IP
Phones will re-register
to local equipment,
providing inter-site
calling and access to
the PSAP via carrier
provided analog
circuits
RCIT Expected completion
end of 2qrt 2023
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
Com Failure
Enterprise
Availability Best
Practices
Internal escalation
contact list for all
essential personal
readily available 24-7.

On-Call staffing
availability for both
Voice and Data
Networks. Vendor
support is available 24-
7 for all critical
RCIT 2023
-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP. County
General Fund
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
Low
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 138 | S e c t i o n 4
Network and Voice
equipment. Ongoing
staff training on
emerging technologies.

Frequent equipment
configuration backups
to a storage area
network (SAN). Full
battery and generator
backup power for
Critical Enterprise level
equipment
Com Failure
InformaCast
Advanced on-
premises notification
Enterprise Emergency
Notification System
solution for immediate
reach to the County’s
20,000+ VoIP
endpoints. InformaCast
Mobile cloud-based
notification solution to
extend the County’s
reach off-network to
mobile devices such as
cellular phones and
tablets. Being used at
the department level for
in building paging
solutions at some
locations. This solution
has the potential to
perform advanced
notification to phones,
laptops, cellphones but
needs further
development. No plans
to be used as a
widespread mitigation
action throughout the
County
RCIT 2023
-2024.This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund &
Dept funds
Low

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 139 | S e c t i o n 4
Com Failure
Network Connectivity
Use of Cellular based
redundant WAN links
for critical county
locations. Introduction
of MPLS technologies
starting Q2 2022 that
enables higher
bandwidth by pushing
multiple signals
through our fiber optic
lines. In additional the
technology can create
segregated networks
between County
departments
RCIT MPLS technology
estimated completion Q4
2025. Purchased by
departments requesting
this service. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund Dept
funds
High
Com Failure
County of Riverside
Network (CORNET)
Redundant Internet
connections
CORNET’s network
architecture is built as a
Hub and Spoke design.

Included in this design
are six Hub locations
interconnected via a
Mesh Design with
multiple 10GPS
Backbone links. This
provides redundancy at
all hub sites
RCIT 2023
-2028. Ongoing.

This action will be
reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP. County
General Fund
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
SWAT team trained to
respond to terrorism
events
Riverside
County
Sheriff
(RSO)
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
Hazard Device Team
trained to respond to
terrorism events.

Continuously provide
training for personnel
attrition and for new
tactics and procedures
RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 140 | S e c t i o n 4
Terrorist
Event
Sheriff Emergency
Response Team trained
to respond to terrorism
events. Continuously
provide training for
personnel attrition and
for new tactics and
procedures
RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
Sheriff personnel
assigned to the Joint
Terrorism Task Force
are integrated to
improve structure and
capabilities
RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
Terrorist
Event
Ben Clark Training
Center provides
terrorism related
classes for law
enforcement and first
responders.

RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP. County
Classes are funded each
year through the State
Homeland Security
Program (SHSP)
Yes >$100K
SHSP
High
Terrorist
Event
Tactical response
training
RSO &
RCFD
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
Civil
Disorder
Train and equip Mobile
Field Force Teams
throughout the county.

Continuously provide
training for personnel
attrition, new tactics,
and procedures and
equipment
RSO 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes >$100K
County
General
Fund
High
Flood
Implementation of
Master Drainage Plans
in Zone 1: Eastvale,
Day Creek, San
Sevaine Channel, Glen
Avon, Jurupa-Pyrite,
Paramount Estates,
Rubidoux, Norco,
Home Gardens, La
Sierra, Monroe, Central
Riverside, Box Springs,
University,
Riverside
County Flood
Control and
Water
Conservation
District
(RCFCWCD)
2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
No > 1 million

RCRCWCD
funds FMA
High

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 141 | S e c t i o n 4
Sunnymead, Reche
Canyon, Moreno, SW
Riverside, Monroe
System B
Flood
Implementation of
Master Drainage Plans
in Zone 2: Eastvale,
Day Creek, Norco,
Home Gardens, SW
Riverside, Lake
Mathews DWQMP,
Monroe System B,
Mead Valley, Perris
Valley
RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
No > 1 million

RCRCWCD
funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of
Master Drainage Plans
in Zone 3: West
Elsinore, Lakeland
Village, Sedco,
Wildomar
RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
No > 1 million

RCRCWCD
funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of
Master Drainage Plans
in Zone 4: Moreno
Valley West End,
Moreno, Mead Valley,
Perris Valley, San
Jacinto River Basin,
Lakeview-Nuevo, San
Jacinto Valley, Little
Lake, Romoland,
Homeland, Green
Acres, West Hemet,
Hemet, Winchester,
SW Hemet, Salt Creek,
Murrieta Creek, Anza-
Wilson
RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes > 1 million

RCRCWCD
funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of
Master Drainage Plans
in Zone 5: Reche
Canyon, Moreno,
Beaumont, Banning
RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
No > 1 million

RCRCWCD
funds FMA
High
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 142 | S e c t i o n 4
Flood
Implementation of
Master Drainage Plans
in Zone 6: Garnet
Wash, East Wide,
Canyon, Long Canyon,
& Tributaries, Desert
Hot Springs, Palm
Springs
RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
No > 1 million

RCRCWCD
funds FMA
High
Flood
Implementation of
Master Drainage Plans
in Zone 7: Wildomar,
Murrieta Creek, Anza-
Wilson
RCFCWCD 2023
-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Yes Cost:
$82,000,000

RCRCWCD
funds FMA
High
Flood
Surveying efforts of all
current and future
facilities
RCFCWCD 2023
-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
No >100K

RCRCWCD
funds FMA
High
Flood
Installation of cameras
and data collection
from videos around
existing facilities
RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
No >100K

RCRCWCD
funds FMA
High
Flood
Installation of rain
gauges and data
collection throughout
the county
RCFCWCD 2023
-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
No >100K

RCRCWCD
funds FMA
High
Flood
Regular Maintenance
for critical drainage
infrastructure
RCFCWCD 2023
-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
No >100K

RCRCWCD
funds FMA
High
Flood
Participation in CRS
Program. Community
outreach efforts
RCFCWCD 2023-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
No >100K

RCRCWCD
funds
BRIC
HMGP
FMA
High
Flood
Installation of Dam
Automation and
Telemetry
RCFCWCD 2023
-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
No >100K

RCRCWCD
funds
FMA
High

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 143 | S e c t i o n 4
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
Flood
Ongoing studies to
outline flood hazard
areas outside of master
Drainage Plan
RCFCWCD 2023
-2028. This action
will be reassessed during
maintenance of the 2023
MJLHMP
No >100K

RCRCWCD
funds
FMA
High
Multiple
Operational Area
Emergency
Management and
Emergency Operations
Center Training
EMD 2025
-2028 No $100K
funds
EMPG
High
Multiple
Conduct a gap analysis
of OA water districts'
ability to distribute
water during the time
of disaster
EMD 2025
-2028 No $10K Funds
EMPG
High
Note: Please refer to individual annexes for a full listing of jurisdictional Mitigation Actions County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 144 | S e c t i o n 4
Figure 17: Riverside County FY Capital Assets
Capital asset activity for the year ended June 30, 2021 was as follows (in thousands) Source: (Riverside County Comprehensive Annual Financial Report 2021)

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 145 | S e c t i o n 4

4.4 Critical Facilities and Infrastructures
Critical facilities are facilities that pose unacceptable risks if severely damaged or become non-operational. In Riverside County, critical facilities include schools, hospitals, fire stations, police stations, jails, emergency operation centers, communication centers, dams, and industrial sites that use or store explosives, toxic materials. It is essential that critical facilities have no structural weaknesses that can lead to collapse.

Usefulness of critical facilities is limited if they become structurally unsafe or utilities are disrupted. Seismic hazard mitigation for critical structures is complex due to the diverse use of these facilities. Earthquake ground motion could affect a variety of critical structures such as the control tower in an airport or buildings with computers and telephone circuits used for communications networks. Strong ground motion can also result in damage to freeway interchanges and bridges essential for the transportation of goods and services. Buried pipelines are generally not damaged by ground motion but can be severely disrupted in areas of surface rupture, liquefaction, or landslides.

Table 13: Critical Facilities

FACILITY TYPE UNICORPORATED INCORPORATED
CITIES
TOTAL

FACILITIES

REPLACEMENT
VALUE
Airports4 12 16 $4,718,671
Correctional
Facilities
(Jails/Prisons)
448 $316,591,306
Educational
Institutions
-- 641 $1,688,809,964
Fire Stations 37 94 135 $539,834,410
Law
Enforcement
Facilities
10 24 28 $647,199,000
Medical
Facilities
1 17 18 $331,174,000
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 146 | S e c t i o n 4
Animal Shelters**37 10
CHP Stations**178
Communication Infrastructure**
Facilities: 1
Server sites: 8
facilities: 60
Server sites: 892
facilities: 61
Server sites: 900
Dams/Debris Basins** 12 59 71
Emergency Operations
Centers**
2 54 56
Department Operations
Centers**
077
Fairgrounds**123
Federal Military Installations**202
Hazmat Facilities** 1,872 6,117 7,989
National Guard Armories**044
Public Utilities/Public Works**9 56 65
Rail Yards/Train Stations**189
Shelters (Mass Care)* **-- ~ 252
Note: These figures may be an estimate, based upon the information provided. About 90 percent of server sites will be consolidated under one department by June 2018. *The number of shelters is an estimate of what the Red Cross Association has in their database, but any facility that the county considers is necessary to use as potential mass care shelter in case of a disaster can be added to the list, meaning there is no specific number of shelters.
**Facilities unable to give replacement values.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 147 | S e c t i o n 4
Table 14: Riverside County Capital Asset

COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE
Capital Asset Statistics by Function
Last Five Years
June 30, 2022
Fiscal year ending June 30
Function/Program 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018
County Libraries
Branch libraries
Book mobiles
Books in collection
Museum
35 -
1,319,861
1 35
2 1,082,227
1 35
2 1,062,203
1 35
2 829,893
1 36
2 1,337,332
-
Riverside University Health System-Medical Center
Major clinics
Routine and specialty clinics
Bed licensed
4 44
439
4 44
439
4 44
439
4 44
439
4 44
439
Fire Department
Stations
Trucks

37 167
37 167
37 164
37 162
37 158
Parks and Recreation
Regional parks
Historic sites
Nature centers
Archaeological sites
Wildlife reserves
RV and mobile home parks
Managed areas
Recreational facilities
Community centers
94369291-94369291-94369291-115469251-115469251-
County Sheriff Department
Patrol stations
Patrol vehicles
10 961
10 993
10 905
10 977
10 966
Waste Resources
Landfills
Capacity in tons
5 45,376,689
6 62,713,411
6 62,713,411
6 62,713,411
6 62,668,370
Source: County of Riverside Annual Comperhensive Financial Report, 2022 Retreived from the internet on 2/3/2023
Note: this data reflects the asset statistics for the unincorporated portions of Riverside County. Please refer to individual annexes for participating jurisdiction data.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 148 | S e c t i o n 4
Table 15: Riverside County Communications Infrastructure Facilities Repeater Location Latitude Longitude
Strawberry Peak San Bernardino National Forest 34°13'55.02"N 117°14'4.15"W Carbon Canyon Chino Hills State Park 33°51'45.84"N 117°41'13.46"W Santiago Peak Cleveland National Forest 33°42'37.07"N 117°32'3.17"W El Cariso Cleveland National Forest 33°40'33.28"N 117°30'56.52"W Elsinore Peak Cleveland National Forest 33°36'9.00"N 117°20'36.00"W Pine Cove San Bernardino National Forest 33°44'44.00"N 116°42'58.00"W Red Mountain Moreno valley 33°37'48.09"N 116°50'52.08"W Red Mountain Sage 33°37'48.02"N 116°50'52.66"W
Box Springs Box Springs Mountain 33°57'42.06"N 117°16'49.15"W Mt David Beaumont 33°54'50.87"N 117° 0'3.25"W
Mt Edna San Bernardino National Forest 33°52'44.06"N 116°52'53.08"W Whitewater Whitewater 33°55'28.56"N 116°36'53.74"W
Thomas Mountain San Bernardino National Forest 33°37'11.09"N 116°40'49.07"W Santa Rosa Peak San Bernardino National Forest 33°32'42.33"N 116°28'9.77"W Cactus City Cactus City 33°40'40.31"N 115°57'54.19"W
Oasis Bureau of Land Management 33°37'7.58"N 115°56'18.78"W Chuckawalla Chuckawalla 33°36'19.76"N 114°54'8.02"W
Black Rock Black Rock Mountain 33°36'37.09"N 114°45'34.86"W Big Maria Big Maria Mountains 33°52'4.00"N 114°40'9.00"W

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 149 | S e c t i o n 4
Table 16: Riverside County Public Safety Enterprise Communications System Radio Locations
PSEC - Site Information
# Site Name City ZIP Building ID
1 Alessandro Riverside 92506 RV0908 2 Billy Goat Aguanga 92536 AZ4704 3 Box Canyon Desert Center
92239 DC2918
4 Arlington Riverside 92503 RV1055 5 Avocado Flats Fallbrook 92028 SND6000 6 Banning Banning 92220 BA102 7 Big Maria (No Equip)
Blythe 92225 BL328
8 Quail Mesa Parker ARZ6102 9 Black Eagle Desert
Center
92239 DC2905
10 Black Jack Desert
Center
92239 DC2906
11 Black Rock Blythe 92225 BL307
12 Blue Mountain Colton 92313 New # CTN6500
13 Blythe Blythe 92225 BL327
14 Box Springs Riverside 92557 MV1201
15 Brookside Beaumont 92223 BE1607
16 Cactus City Indio 92203 IN736
17 Cajalco Corona 92881 CR410
18 Chuckwalla Desert
Center
92239 DC2917
19 Clinton Keith Murrieta 92562 MU1320
20 Corn Springs Desert
Center
92239 DC2907
21 Corona Corona 91720 CR403
22 Corona\Buena
Vista
Corona 92882 CR411
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 150 | S e c t i o n 4
23 Edom Hill Desert Hot
Springs
92241 NEW# DH1704
OLD-IN065
(DH065)
24 El Cariso Lake
Elsinore
92530 LE513
25 Elsinore Peak Lake
Elsinore
92530 LE515
26 Elsinore Peak Lake
Elsinore
LE516
27 Elsinore Peak
Generator
Building
Lake
Elsinore
LE517
28 Estelle Mountain Perris 92570 PR818
29 Glen Avon Riverside 92509 New # JV5945
(Old # RV1049)
30 Gold Crown
(Pinto)
Eliminated
Eliminated Eliminated Eliminated
31 Green River Corona 92880 CR412
32 Hemet Hemet 92543 HM605
33 Hidden Valley Parker 85371 ARZ6101
34 Homeland Homeland 92548 HL4902
35 Indio Indio 92201 IN706
36 Indio Hill Indio 92201 IN064 NEW#
IN737
37 Iron Mountain Earp 92242 DC2909
38 Joshua Tree Joshua Tree 92277 DC2910
39 JTNP - Belle Joshua Tree
National
Park
92239 DC2904
40 JTNP -
Cottonwood
Eliminated
Desert
Center
92239 DC2908
41 JTNP - Lost Horse
Eliminated
Eliminated Eliminated Eliminated

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 151 | S e c t i o n 4
42 Lake Hemet Mountain
Center
92561 MC3603
43 Lake Matthews Riverside 92504 RV1048
44 Lake Riverside Aguanga 92536 AZ4703
45 Leona Perris 92570 PR819
46 Line Mecca 92254 ME2008
47 Margarita Temecula 92592 TM1510
48 Marion Ridge Idyllwild 92549 ID2503
49 Marshall Perris 92570 PR820
50 Mead Valley Perris 92570 PR821
51 Mecca Landfill Desert
Center
92239 DC2911
52 Menifee Menifee 92584 MN2104
53 Morongo Cabazon 92230 CB3107
54 Mt. David Beaumont 92223 BE1601
55 North Mt. San Jacinto 92583 SJ1404
56 Palen/McCoy Desert
Center
92239 DC2920
57 Beacon Hill Norco 92860 NR3703
58 Perris Perris 92570 PR805
59 Pleasants Peak

ELIMINATED
Corona 92879 CR004

ELIMINATED
60 Quail Valley Quail
Valley
92587 QV5102
61 Ranger Peak Idyllwild 92549 BA180
62 Red Mountain Hemet 92544 HM612
63 Redondo Mesa Murrieta 92562 MU1321
64 Rice Desert
Center
92239 DC2912
65 Ridge Road Lake
Elsinore
92530 LE512
66 Riverside CAC Riverside 90501 RV0905
67 Road 62 Desert
Center
92239 DC2921
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 152 | S e c t i o n 4
68 Road 177 Desert
Center
92239 DC2913
68 Santa Rosa Peak Mountain
Center
92561 CO201
70 Santiago Peak Corona 92883 CR413
71 Snow Peak Morongo
Valley
92339 MGV6201
72 Sunnyslope Riverside 92509 New #JV5939
(Old #RV1050)
73 Temescal Corona 92883 CR414
74 Timoteo Moreno
Valley
92555 MV1228
75 Toro Peak Mountain
Center
92561 MC3604
76 Vaquero Temecula 92590 TM1509
77 Vidal Junction Earp 92242 DC2915
78 Whitewater Banning 92282 BA184
79 Grape Hill Corona N/A N/A
80 Hollingsworth Murrieta N/A N/A

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 153 | S e c t i o n 4

4.4.1 Mitigation Goals and Strategies Relating to Critical Facilities On September 28, 2021, the Safety Element including a description of the Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan was adopted into the 2015 General Plan.

The General Plan identified the following policies relating to critical facilities.

S 6.15 * Strengthen the project permit and review process to ensure that proper actions are taken to reduce hazard impacts and encourage structural and nonstructural design and construction. Damage must be minimized for critical facilities, and susceptibility to structural collapse must be minimized, if not eliminated. (AI 104.2, 152, 155)
a) Ensure that special development standards, designs, and construction practices reduce risk to tolerable levels for projects involving critical facilities, large-scale residential development, and major commercial or industrial development through conditional use permits and the subdivision review process. If appropriate, impact fees should be assessed to finance required actions.
b) Require mitigation measures to reduce potential damage caused by ground failure for sites determined to have potential for liquefaction to the extent feasible and appropriate. Such measures shall apply to critical facilities, utilities, and large commercial and industrial projects as a condition of project approval. c) Require that planned lifeline utilities, as a condition of project approval and as feasible and appropriate, be designed, located, structurally upgraded, fit with safety shutoff valves, designed for easy maintenance, and have redundant backup lines where unstable slopes, earth cracks, active faults, or areas of liquefaction cannot be avoided.
d) Review proposed uses of fault setback areas closely to ensure that county infrastructure (roads, utilities, drains) is not unduly placed at risk by the developer.

Insurance, bonding, or compensation plans should be used to compensate the County of Riverside for the potential costs of repair.

S 6.16 * Promote strengthening of planned and existing utilities and lifelines, the retrofit and rehabilitation of existing weak structures, and the relocation of certain critical facilities. (AI 100, 101, 148, 152, 155, 156)
S 6.17 * Identify critical facilities in hazard-prone areas and work to relocate or harden these facilities to reduce risk of damage and loss of service. (AI 87, 101) County of Riverside General Plan S-26 September 28, 2021
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 154 | S e c t i o n 4
S 6.18 * Prohibit development of critical facilities that are proposed in dam failure inundation areas unless no feasible alternative exists and apply hazardous materials safety guidelines within such zones.

S 6.19 * Coordinate with the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) and/or use the Capital Improvement Program, to strengthen, relocate, or take other appropriate measures to safeguard high-voltage lines, water, sewer, natural gas and petroleum pipelines, and trunk electrical and telephone conduits that (AI 4, 152, 155):
• Extend through areas of high liquefaction potential.
• Cross active faults.
• Traverse earth cracks or landslides.

S 6.20 * Require additional design considerations as appropriate for lifelines within subsidence areas.

S 6.21 Communicate climate risks to energy utilities and request they ensure that new and upgraded infrastructure is climate resilient. (AI 152, 155) S 6.22 * During the development review process, when developing alternatives and adaptation projects for consideration, the County shall require applicants to identify natural infrastructure that may be used through the conservation, preservation, or sustainable management of open space to reduce climate change hazards, where feasible. S 6.23 Establish a network of equitably located resilience centers throughout unincorporated Riverside County and ensure that resilience centers are situated outside of areas at risk from hazard impacts to the extent possible, offer refuge from extreme heat and extreme weather events, and are equipped with renewable energy generation and backup power supplies. Such facilities should be in easily accessible locations and be available to all community members as needed. (AI 151)
S 6.24 Collaborate with utility companies to support and enhance grid reliability during regular operations and extreme conditions. (AI 152, 155) Source: (All from Safety Element S6.15-S6.24: Critical Facilities and Lifelines)
Note: The Mitigation Goals and Strategies related to each hazard are found in Section 5 of the 2023 LHMP.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 155 | S e c t i o n 4

4.4.2 Loss Factors
The loss estimates provided in this MJLHMP are based on data currently available resulting in an approximation of the relative risk from the various hazards and potential losses. There are uncertainties inherent in any loss estimation methodology, in part from incomplete knowledge available concerning the different hazards, as well as approximations and simplifications used in the analysis. Nevertheless, it can be determined by the map below that Riverside County is in a region in California having the highest number of declared disasters since 1950.

Map 2: 2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, Primary Sources of Disaster Losses EMD 5.1.25 156 | S e c t i o n4
Table 4.F from the 2018 SHMP Chapter 4, identifies disaster incidents, casualties, and Cal OES costs by type. Cal OES has revised the database during the preparation of the 2018 SHMP.

Table 17: Disaster Incidents, Casualties, and Cost by Type Table 4.F above from the SHMP, which shows the pattern of statewide emergencies, disasters, and associated losses by hazard types since 1950, when coupled with seismic knowledge, suggests the following findings: • Earthquakes occur less frequently than the other primary hazards causing disasters but account for the greatest combined losses (deaths, injuries, and damage costs).
• Wildfires are the most frequent source of declared disasters and account for the third highest combined losses.
• Floods are the second most frequent disaster source and account for the second highest combined losses.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 157 | S e c t i o n 4 • Earthquake costs exceeded wildfire costs by more than two times, using limited measures identified in these tables.
• Although floods have resulted in a greater number of total deaths during this period, earthquakes have accounted for the highest number of combined deaths and injuries.
• Earthquakes represent by far the greatest long term catastrophic disaster threat.

Earthquakes, fires, and floods are the predominant disasters in California since 1950 as determined by this analysis. For this reason, these hazards are being addressed in the 2023 Mitigation Strategies and are among the top ten hazards for the County.

Continued climate change and drought conditions will relate to high incidents of wildfire and flood declarations. The high number of earthquake declarations for Riverside County is contributed to having three (3) major faults traversing Riverside County: The San Andreas Fault, the Elsinore Fault, and the San Jacinto Fault.

Earthquake hazard mitigation is particularly relevant to SHMP Goal 1 (Significantly reduce life loss and injuries) and SHMP Goal 2 (Minimize damage to structures and property), set forth in Chapter 2 of the SHMP. Considering both the social and economic disruption caused by moderate-sized earthquakes, together with the significant potential for catastrophic earthquakes greater in magnitude than those experienced since 1950, heightened attention is needed for mitigation strategies relating to this hazard.

Earthquake mitigation actions often involve expensive projects that will be considered as funding becomes available.

The 2018 SHMP is the data source contained in Figure 19 “2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, Primary Sources of Disaster Losses” and Table 15 “Disaster Incidents, Casualties, and Cost by Type.” Once the 2023 SHMP is completed and approved, Figures and Tables will be updated to include the most recent maps and new information.

4.4.3 2015 General Plan Policies on High-Risk Facilities Many Riverside County essential public facilities and hazardous materials sites are located within the 100-year flood zones making them high-risk facilities. These facilities include: 14 of Riverside County’s 39 airports; 4 of 18 hospitals; 47 of 109 law enforcement stations, fire stations and emergency operation centers; 92 of 380 schools; 446 of 1,306 highway bridges; and 695 of 1,978 hazardous materials sites.

Riverside County has adopted the following policies related to high-risk facilities to mitigate future damages:

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 158 | S e c t i o n 4
S 3.12 * Public facilities and other facilities essential for emergencies and large public assembly within the County Regulatory Floodplain as mapped by the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall not be approved unless the project is adequately protected from flood hazards, incorporates all required flood protection specific to that area in accordance with County ordinances and guidelines, as feasible, and will not result in any increase in flood levels during the occurrence of a flood event. Such facilities that are new shall have at least two routes for emergency egress and ingress, and the project design shall minimize the potential for debris or flooding to block emergency routes, either through the construction of dikes, bridges, or large-diameter storm drains under roads used for primary access. (AI 25)
S-15S 3.13 * Existing essential, dependent-care, and high-risk facilities not in conformance with provisions of the County of Riverside zoning should upgrade or modify building use to a level of safety consistent with the inundation risk. (AI 25, 88, 148)
S 3.14 * Development using, storing, or otherwise involved with substantial quantities of on-site hazardous materials should not be permitted within a 100-year floodplain or dam inundation zone, unless all standards for evaluation, anchoring, and flood- proofing have been satisfied. Hazardous materials should be stored in watertight containers, not capable of floating, to the extent required by state and federal laws and regulations. Facilities storing substantial quantities of hazardous materials within inundation zones should be adequately flood-proofed and hazardous materials containers shall be anchored and secured to prevent flotation and contamination. (AI 25)
S 3.15 * Dependent-care facilities should have all flood-vulnerable electrical circuitry flood-proofed. (AI 25)
S 3.16 * High-risk facilities should be required to maintain and rehearse inundation response plans. (AI 25)
Source: (All from Safety Element S-4: High Risk Facilities)

4.4.4 Critical Infrastructures Maps
The following maps show Riverside County’s Critical Infrastructures.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 159 | S e c t i o n 4
Map 3: Riverside County Fire Facilities Map
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 160 | S e c t i o n 4
Map 4: Riverside County Law Enforcement Facilities Map

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 161 | S e c t i o n 4
Map 5: Hospital Locations in Riverside County Map
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 162 | S e c t i o n 4
Map 6: Riverside County Communication Facilities and Ground Shaking Map

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 163 | S e c t i o n 4
Map 7: Riverside County Hazardous Materials Locations Map County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 164 | S e c t i o n 4
Map 8: Riverside County School Inventory Map

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 165 | S e c t i o n 4

4.5 Estimated Property Loss
Table 18: Riverside County Property Values by City
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 166 | S e c t i o n 4
Table 19: Unincorporated Riverside County Property Values

14.B.

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EMD 5.1.25 168 | S e c t i o n5
Section 5.0 – Risk Assessment

5.1 Overview and Risk Assessment Process
The risk assessment process identifies and profiles relevant hazards and assesses the exposure of lives, property, and infrastructure to these hazards. The Risk is measured by hazard, vulnerability, and exposure probability.

The Riverside County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan’s risk assessment follows the methodology described in the FEMA publication Local Mitigation Planning Handbook, which breaks the assessment down to a four-step process:
• Identify Hazards • Profile Hazard Events • Inventory Assets • Estimate Losses This risk assessment covers the entire geographical extent of Riverside County, including the incorporated communities and other participating jurisdictions. Since this plan is a multi-jurisdictional plan, participating jurisdictions completed their own hazard analysis and risk assessment and many have ranked their hazards differently than the County to match the needs of their jurisdiction. The MJLHMP Steering Committee has evaluated how these identified hazards and risks vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. These individual hazards and assessments are briefly outlined in this chapter with more details found in each jurisdictional annex. If no additional data is provided in an annex, it should be assumed that the risk and potential impacts to the affected jurisdiction are the same as those described in this Riverside County Operational Area MJLHMP.

The Riverside County Operational Area MJLHMP update involved a comprehensive review and update of each section of the risk assessment with new data, where available, and new analyses.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 169 | S e c t i o n 5

5.1.1 Results and Methodology
The MJLHMP Steering Committee utilized the existing 2023 MJLHMP identified hazards.

Using existing hazard data and input gained through planning meetings, the MJLHMP Steering Committee agreed upon a list of natural, human caused and technological hazards that could affect Riverside County.

Hazard data from the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), FEMA, and many other sources were examined to assess the significance of these hazards to the planning area. Significance was measured in general terms and focused on key criteria such as frequency and resulting damage, which includes deaths and injuries, as well as property and economic damage. The natural hazards evaluated as part of this plan include those that have occurred historically or have the potential to cause significant human and/or monetary losses in the future. Human caused and technological hazards were evaluated in the same manner. During the assessment of the identified County hazards the Steering Committee realized the need to adjust the definitions for Pandemic Flu and Aqueduct to Pandemic and Aqueduct Failure to incorporate the expanded scope and impact of these hazards. The Committee based this decision from the history of events and probability of future occurrences.

Please see Table 10 Hazard Identification Table for justification of each hazards ranking.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 170 | S e c t i o n 5

5.2 Consequence Analysis
All participants were asked to evaluate the potential for an event to occur in their jurisdiction by hazard and the potential impact on the following:

1. Public (loss of life and injuries)

2. Responders

3. Continuity of operations for continued delivery of services

4. Property, facilities, and infrastructure

5. Environment

6. Economic condition of the jurisdiction

7. Ability to recover from the event and return to normal daily activities

8. Public confidence in the jurisdiction’s governance
The participants were then asked to rate the potential and severity using a scale of between 0 and 4 (4 being the most severe). The jurisdictions were also asked to rank the listed hazards as they relate to their jurisdiction from 1 to 20 (1 being the highest overall threat to their jurisdiction).

The following table was given to participants during the 2018 MJLHMP update and again for the 2023 MJLHMP update.

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 171 | S e c t i o n 5
Table 20: 2018 and 2023 MJLHMP Update Participant Ranking Chart Template Note: Please refer to the individual Local Hazard Mitigation Plans for participating jurisdiction
Please See Appendix D for the Inventory Worksheet template provided to participants.

The County used a similar format for the probability and severity ranking for potential hazards but also included information on healthcare impact and mitigation capabilities.

The following chart was used by the MJLHMP Steering Committee for ranking the 2023 Hazards.

HAZARDS LOCAL JURISDICTION

NATURAL DISASTER / CLIMATE

SEVERITY
0 -4

PROBABILITY
0 -4

RANKING
1-24

EARTHQUAKE
FIRE
FLOOD

AQUEDUCT FAILURE

DROUGHT

INSECT INFESTATION

LANDSLIDE

TORNADO

EXTREME WEATHER

ANTHOPOGENIC / TECHNOLOGICAL

CIVIL DISORDER

COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE

CYBER ATTACK/ CYBER TERRORISM

DAM FAILURE

ELECTRICAL FAILURE

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT

JAIL/PRISON EVENT

NUCLEAR INCIDENT

PIPELINE DISRUPTION

RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENT

TERRORIST EVENT

TRANSPORTATION FAILURE

WATER SUPPLY DISRUPTION / CONTAMINATION

MEDICAL

EMERGING / RE-EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES

PANDEMIC
County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 172 | S e c t i o n 5
Table 21: Vulnerability Worksheet

NATURAL DISASTER / CLIMATE

SEVERITY
0 -4

PROBABILITY
0 -4

HISTORIC

FREQUENCY

PRIORTY RANKING
1-24

EARTHQUAKE
42 Medium High2
FIRE
44 Very High High1
FLOOD
33 High High5

AQUEDUCT FAILURE
23 Low Low19

DROUGHT
33 High Medium8

EXTREME WEATHER
33 High High7

INSECT INFESTATION
23 High Medium15

LANDSLIDE
33 Medium Medium14

TORNADO
21 Low Low22

ANTHOPOGENIC /

TECHNOLOGICAL CIVIL DISORDER
32 Low High 17

COMMUNICATIONS FAILURE
32 Medium High11

CYBER ATTACK/ CYBER TERRORISM
41 High High 10

DAM FAILURE
13 Low Medium13

ELECTRICAL FAILURE
44 Very High High6

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT
34 Very High Medium9

JAIL/PRISON EVENT
21 Low Low 20

NUCLEAR INCIDENT
41 Low Low23

PIPELINE DISRUPTION
32 Low Low 21

RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENT
41 Low Low24

TERRORIST EVENT
31 Low High12

TRANSPORTATION FAILURE
32 Low Medium16

WATER SUPPLY DISRUPTION /

CONTAMINATION
23 Medium Medium 18

MEDICAL

EMERGING / RE-EMERGING

IIINFECTIOUS DISEASES
44 High High3

PANDEMIC
42 Low High4

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 173 | S e c t i o n 5
Table 22: 2023 MJLHMP Top Five Identified Hazards
Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Risk Assessment Chart
Jurisdiction Priority Risk/ Hazards
Riverside
OA
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5
Earthquake Wildland Fire Emerging / Re-
emerging Infectious
Diseases
Pandemic Flood
Cities
Banning Earthquake Fire Transportation HazMat Flood
Beaumont Earthquake Fire Flood HazMat Transportation
Blythe Extreme
Weather
Wind Power Failure Transportati
on
HazMat
Calimesa Fire Earthquake Flood Extreme
Weather
Drought
Canyon Lake Flood Earthquake Fire Transportat
ion
Nuclear
Incident
Cathedral
City
Earthquake Flood Wind Landslide Extreme
Weather
Coachella Earthquake Extreme
Weather
HazMat Power
Failure
Wind
Corona Earthquake Fire Power Failure Terrorism Flood
Desert Hot
Springs
Earthquake Flood Fire Extreme
Weather
Wind
Eastvale Earth Flood Fire Pipeline Insect
Infestation
Hemet Earthquake Pan Flu Fire Electrical
Failure
Emerging / Re-
emerging
Diseases
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Indian Wells Earthquake Flood Extreme Weather Power
Failure
Wind
Indio Earthquake Extreme
Weather
Emerging / Re-
emerging Diseases
Pandemic Drought
Jurupa Valley Earthquake Pan Flu Fire Power
Failure
Emergency
Disease
La Quinta Earthquake Flood Power Failure Extreme
Weather
Drought
Lake Elsinore Fire Flood Power Failure Extreme
Weather
Drought
Murrieta Earthquake Pan Flu Fire Power
Failure
Emerging / Re-
emerging
Diseases
Norco Flood Fire Earthquake Extreme
Weather
Agricultural
Hazard
Palm Desert Earthquake Flood Extreme Weather Power
Failure
Drought
Palm Springs Earthquake Power Failure Transportation Extreme Weather
Wind
Perris Fire Flood Earthquake HazMat Power Failure
Rancho
Mirage
Earthquake Flood Fire Drought Civil Unrest
Riverside Earthquake Flood Drought Terrorism Fire
San Jacinto Earthquake Extreme
Weather
Flood Landslide Drought
Temecula Transportation Earthquake Flood Terrorism Fire Wildomar Earthquake Fire Drought Flood Extreme
Weather
Tribes
Morongo Wildfire Severe Wind
Event
Earthquake Electrical
Failure
Transportation
Special Districts
Eastern
Municipal
Water

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
High Valleys
Water
Extreme
Weather
Drought Fire Wind Power Failure

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Idyllwild Fire
Protection
Fire Drought Insect Infestation Earthquake Pandemic
Imperial
Irrigation
District
Earthquake Extreme
Weather
Terrorism N/A N/A
Kaiser Earthquake Fire Extreme Weather Drought Wind
Rancho
California
Water
Earthquake Drought Flood Fire N/A
Santa Ana
Watershed
Earthquake Wind N/A N/A N/A
Western
Municipal
Water
Pipeline Power Extreme Weather Drought Wind
School Districts
Beaumont
Unified
Earthquake Wind Drought Fire Flood
Desert Sands
Unified
Earthquake Flood Extreme Weather HazMat Drought
Hemet
Unified
Civil Disorder Extreme
Weather
Wind Flood Fire
Lake Elsinore
Unified
Earthquake Pan Flu Extreme Weather Flood Nuclear
Moreno
Valley Unified
Earthquake Fire Extreme Weather Power
Failure
Wind
Perris Union
High School
Earthquake Fire Wind Pandemic Flood
Riverside
Community
College
Insect
Infestation
Jail/Prison
Event
Civil Disorder Nuclear Terrorism
Riverside
County Office
of Education
Earthquake Wildland Fire Pandemic Flood Severe Wind
Riverside
Unified
Earthquake Power Failure Pipeline HazMat Extreme
Weather
San Jacinto
Unified
Earthquake Fire Flood Wind Extreme
Weather
Please refer to individual annexes for additional hazard priorities for participating jurisdictions.

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5.3 Hazard Profiles and Descriptions
Hazard Assessment and Identification
The County utilized the tools described in Section 3.3 for the hazard identification process and provided them to participating cities and special districts. Cal OES MyPlan was used for information about floods, earthquake, fire, and some critical facilities locations.

All participating jurisdictions and districts conducted a risk assessment and identified hazards specific to their jurisdiction, document the impact of those hazards, and develop specific goals and strategies to address the risks and hazards.

The probability of each hazard in Riverside County was determined by rating their occurrence level from 0 - 4, in which each level or number represented a specific descriptor. For example, improbable = (0), remote = (1), occasional = (2), probable = (3), and frequent = (4). Each descriptor was defined according to how often each hazard occurs in Riverside County. • Improbable means it is not likely to happen in more than ten years • Remote means it happens once in ten years • Occasional means it happens once in five years • Probable means it happens once every two years (biannual) • Frequent means it happens at least once a year (annually) This rating scale was developed by the county and is based off the existing risk assessment process utilized for previous revisions of this plan. It was developed to interpret the standard probability assessment process discussed in section 5-4 of the FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook (Version 2013) and met the needs of the OA jurisdictions participating in the MJLHMP update.

Identification of Hazards
Riverside County Operational Area is vulnerable to potential negative impacts from a broad range of hazards and threats due to its vast geography, mix of urban and rural areas, and rapidly growing populations. Below are three broad categories of hazards that threaten the OA: • Natural hazards • Technological hazards • Human caused hazards

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April 2023
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5.3.1 Earthquake
Severity: 4
Probability: 2
Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Earthquakes ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the ground caused by a sudden shift on a fault. For hundreds of millions of years, the forces of plate tectonics have shaped the Earth as the huge plates that form the Earth’s surface move slowly over, under, and past each other. Sometimes the movement is gradual. At other times, the plates are locked together, unable to release the accumulating energy. When the accumulated energy grows strong enough, the plates break free causing the ground to shake. Most earthquakes occur at the boundaries where the plates meet; however, some earthquakes occur in the middle of plates.

Where earthquakes have struck before, they can strike again, often without warning. The major form of direct damage from most earthquakes is damage to building construction.

Bridges are vulnerable to collapse and dam failure may generate major downstream flooding. Buildings vary in susceptibility depending on their construction and the types of soils on which they are built. Earthquakes destroy utility infrastructure which, in turn, may set off fires, hinder rescue efforts, and impact normal functions for an extended period.

The hazard of earthquakes varies from place to place depending on the regional and local geology. Ground shaking may occur 65 miles or more from the epicenter (the point on the ground surface above the focus). Ground shaking can change the mechanical properties of some fine grained, saturated soils, where upon the soils liquefy and act as a fluid (liquefaction).

Most earthquake related injuries result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects resulting from shaking ground and structures.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
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Table 23: Historical Earthquakes in California - 5.0 and above that may have impacted Riverside County
Year
Richter Scale
Magnitude Location
1812 7.5 Wrightwood/ San Bernardino County
1812 7.2 Santa Barbara Channel/ Santa Barbara County
1857 7.9 Fort Tejon/ Kern County
1868 6.8 Hayward/ Alameda County
1872 7.4 Owens Valley/ Inyo County
1892 7.0 Laguna Salada/ Baja California
1892 6.4 Vacaville-Winters/ Solano County/ Yolo County
1899 5.7 Cajon Pass/ San Bernardino County
1899 6.5 San Jacinto/ Riverside County
1906 7.9 San Francisco/ San Francisco County
1910 6.0 Lake Elsinore/ Riverside County
1915 6.1 Imperial Valley/ El Centro/ Imperial County
1915 6.3 Imperial Valley/ El Centro/ Imperial County
1918 6.8 San Jacinto/ Riverside County
1923 7.1 Humboldt/ Humboldt County
1923 6.3 North San Jacinto/ Riverside County
1925 6.8 Santa Barbara/ Santa Barbara County
1927 7.1 Lompoc/ Santa Barbara County
1932 6.4 Eureka/ Humboldt County
1933 6.4 Long Beach/ Los Angeles County
1940 6.9 Imperial Valley/ Imperial County
1941 5.5 Santa Barbara/ Santa Barbara County
1942 6.6 Fish Creek Mountains/ San Diego County/ Imperial County 1947 6.5 Manix/ San Bernardino County
1948 6.0 Desert Hot Springs/ Riverside County
1952 7.5 Kern County
1954 6.4 Arroyo Salada/ Imperial County
1954 6.5 Eureka/ Humboldt County
1957 5.3 Daly City/ San Mateo County

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1966 6.0 Parkfield/ Monterey County
1966 5.9 Truckee/ Nevada County
1968 6.5 Borrego Mountain/ San Diego County
1971 6.5 San Fernando/ Los Angeles County
1975 5.7 Oroville-Thermalito/ Butte County
1978 5.1 Santa Barbara/ Santa Barbara County
1979 5.7 Coyote Lake/ Santa Clara County
1979 6.4 Imperial Valley/ Imperial County
1980 5.5 Whitewash/ San Diego County
1980 6.0 Mammoth Lakes/ Mono County
1980 7.0 Humboldt/ Humboldt County
1983 6.7 Coalinga/ Fresno County
1984 6.2 Morgan Hill/ Santa Clara County
1986 5.6 North Palm Springs/ Riverside County
1986 5.4 Oceanside/ San Diego County
1986 6.5 Chalfant Valley/ Mono County
1987 5.9 Whittier Narrows/ Los Angeles County
1989 6.9 Loma Prieta/ Santa Clara County
1991 5.8 Sierra Madre/ Los Angeles County
1992 6.1 Joshua Tree/ San Bernardino County
1992 7.2 Cape Mendocino/ Humboldt County
1992 7.3 Landers/ San Bernardino County
1992 6.5 Big Bear/ San Bernardino County
1994 6.7 Northridge/ Los Angeles County
1995 5.4 Ridgecrest/ Kern County
1995 5.8 Ridgecrest/ Kern County
1996 5.3 Coso/ Inyo County
1998 5.4 San Juan Bautista/ San Benito County
1998 5.2 Redding/ Shasta County
1999 7.1 Mojave Desert/ Kern County
2000 5.0 Yountville/ Napa County
2001 5.5 Portola/ Plumas County
2003 6.5 San Simeon/ San Luis Obispo County
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2004 6.0 Parkfield/ Monterey County
2007 5.6 Alum Rock/ Santa Clara County
2008 5.4 Chino Hills/ San Bernardino County
2010 6.5 Eureka/ Humboldt County
2010 7.2 Baja California/ Mexico
2012 5.4 Brawley/ Imperial County
2013 5.7 Canyondam/ Plumas County
2014 6.8 Ferndale/ Humboldt County
2014 5.1 La Habra/ Orange County
2014 6.0 American Canyon (South Napa)/ Napa County
2016 5.2 Borrego Springs/ San Diego County
2019 6.4 Ridgecrest/ Kern County
2019 7.1 Ridgecrest/ Kern County
2020 5.5 Searles Valley/ San Bernardino County
2020 5.8 Lone Pine/ Inyo County
2021 6.0 Antelope Valley/ Los Angeles County
2022 6.4 Ferndale/ Humboldt County
Source: https://www.earthquakeauthority.com/California-Earthquake-Risk/California- Earthquake-History-Timeline#recent-earthquakes-in-california Probability of future events:

Located within RiversideCounty are several known active and potentially active earthquake faults, including the San Andreas Fault, San Jacinto Fault, and Elsinore Fault In the event of an earthquake, the location of the epicenter, as well as the time of day and season of the year, would have a profound effect on the number of deaths and casualties, as well as property damage.

Research organization, such as the California Institute of Technology Seismological Laboratory and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), are devoted to the detection and logging of earthquake events in Riverside County. Earthquakes represent the most destructive source of hazards, risk, and vulnerability, both in terms of recent state overall history and the probability of future destruction of greater magnitudes than previously recorded. The San Andreas, San Jacinto, and Elsinore Faults are all capable of producing significant earthquakes, with a magnitude of 6.7 or greater. The table below shows the probability of a major earthquake on these three faults within unincorporated Riverside

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April 2023
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County by 2045, according to the Third California Earthquake Rupture Forecast. Other faults, both in and outside unincorporated Riverside County may also be capable of generating significant earthquakes with damaging effects.

Table 24: Chances of Significant Earthquakes on Major Faults in Riverside County
Fault Mean Chance by 2045
M6.7 or greater M7.0 or greater M7.5 or greater M8.0 or greater San Andreas 24.21% 21.29% 11.62% 3.15%
San Jacinto 6.71% 6.43% 5.29% 2.75%
Elsinore 3.66% 1.82% 0.95% <0.01%
Source: Third California Earthquake Rupture Forecast
Source:
https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf Extent (Magnitude/Severity)
Catastrophic – For extent, the severity of an earthquake, or the amount of energy released during an earthquake is usually expressed in terms of intensity or magnitude as discussed below.

Intensity – Intensity represents the observed effects of ground shaking at any specified location and earthquake shaking decreases with distance from the epicenter of the earthquake. Intensity is an expression of the amount of shaking at any given location on the ground surface based on felt or observed effects, Seismic shaking is typically the greatest cause of losses to structures during earthquakes. Intensity is measured with the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale. The intensity of ground shaking at any site or structure is a function of several factors such as:
1) magnitude of earthquake
2) distance from the epicenter
3) duration of strong ground motion
4) local geologic conditions
5) fundamental period of structure
A brief description of those factors and the MMI scale are summarized below along with the effects associated with the MMI scale. Damage typically occurs in MMI of scale VII or above.

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April 2023
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Table 25: Earthquake Magnitude, Intensity Measurements, and Intensity Characteristics
Magnitude Mercalli
Intensity
Effects Frequency
Less than

2.0 I Microearthquakes, not felt or rarely felt; recorded by seismographs.

Continual

2.0-2.9 I to II Felt slightly by some people, damages to buildings. Over 1M per year

3.0-3.9 II to IV Often felt by people; rarely causes damage; shaking of indoor objects noticeable.

Over 100,000 per year

4.0-4.9 IV to VI Noticeable shaking of indoor objects and rattling noises; felt by most people in the affected area; slightly felt outside; generally, no to minimal damage.
10K to 15K per year

5.0-5.9 VI to VIII Can cause damage of varying severity to poorly constructed buildings; at most, none to slight damage to all other buildings. Felt by everyone.
1K to 1,500 per year

6.0-6.9 VII to X Damage to a moderate number of well-built structures in populated areas; earthquake-resistant structures
survive with slight to moderate damage; poorly
designed structures receive moderate to severe
damage; felt in wider areas; up to hundreds of
miles/kilometers from the epicenter; strong to violent
shaking in epicentral area.
100 to 150 per year

7.0-7.9 VIII< Causes damage to most buildings, some to partially or completely collapse or receive severe damage; well-
designed structures are likely to receive damage; felt
across great distances with major damage mostly
limited to 250 km from epicenter.
10 to 20 per year

8.0-8.9 VIII< Major damage to buildings, structures likely to be destroyed; will cause moderate to heavy damage to
sturdy or earthquake-resistant buildings; damaging in
large areas; felt in extremely large regions.

One per year 10 – 50
years
Source: USGS
Magnitude – Magnitude represents the amount of seismic energy released at the hypocenter of an earthquake. It is based on the amplitude of the earthquake waves recorded. Seismologists have developed several magnitude scales; one of the first was the Richter Scale, developed in 1932 by the late Dr. Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology. The Richter Scale is numeric and has a logarithmic relationship between scale factors, so that a difference of one scale number represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude, which in turn corresponds to an approximate 31x energy release difference when compared to the next whole number value. The Moment Magnitude scale (Mw, or M), which is a measurement of energy released by the movement of a fault and is the modern method used by seismologists to measure earthquakes. Overall, as the amount of energy released by an earthquake increases, the potential for ground shaking impacts also increases.

Distance from Epicenter – Earthquake energy generally dissipates (or attenuates) with distance from a fault. Over long distances, this loss of energy can be significant, resulting in a significant decrease in ground shaking with increased distance from the epicenter.

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April 2023
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Duration of Strong Shaking – The duration of the strong ground shaking constitutes a major role in determining the amount of structural damage and the potential for ground failure that can result from an earthquake. Larger magnitude earthquakes have longer durations than smaller earthquakes.

Local Geologic Conditions – The geologic and soil conditions at a particular site have the potential to substantially increase the effects of ground shaking. The thickness, density, and consistency of the soil, as well as shallow ground water levels, have the potential to amplify the effects of ground shaking depending on the characteristics of the earthquake. In general, the presence of unconsolidated soils above the bedrock surface can amplify the ground shaking caused by an earthquake.

Fundamental Periods – Every structure has its own fundamental period or natural vibration. If the vibration of ground shaking coincides with the natural vibration period of a structure, damage to the structure can be greatly increased. The extent of damage suffered during an earthquake can also depend on non-geologic factors. The type of building and its structural integrity will influence the severity of the damage suffered.

Generally, small, well-constructed, one- and two-story wood and steel frame buildings have performed well in earthquakes because of their light weight and flexibility.

Reinforced concrete structures will also usually perform well. Buildings constructed from non-flexible materials, such as unreinforced brick and concrete, hollow concrete block, clay tile, or adobe, are more vulnerable to earthquake damage.

Effects of Ground Shaking – The primary effect of ground shaking is the damage or destruction of buildings, infrastructure, and possible injury or loss of life. Building damage can range from minor cracking of plaster to total collapse. Disruption of infrastructure facilities can include damage to utilities, pipelines, roads, and bridges. Ruptured gas and water lines can result in fire and produce scour/inundation damage, respectively, to structures, as can fire from other causes, such as electrical damages. Secondary effects can include geologic impacts such as co-seismic fault movement along nearby faults, seismically induced slope instability, liquefaction, lateral spreading, and other forms of ground failure and seismic response.

As identified previously the determinants of that damage will occur following an earthquake depend on multiple variables, such as: the infrastructure’s distance from the epicenter, type of soil, building construction, etc. Research indicates that damage usually does not occur unless an earthquake magnitude is somewhere above 4 or 5. Earthquake magnitude is the size measured in amplitude on a seismograph. The intensity is a measure of the shaking and damaged which varies based on distance from the epicenter, type of surface material, and other factors. A magnitude above 5.3 is considered a moderate earthquake, and a magnitude above 6.3 is considered a strong earthquake.

A moderate earthquake occurring in or near Riverside County could result in deaths, casualties, property damage, environmental damage, and disruption of normal County of Riverside Operational Area
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government and community services. The effects could be aggravated by collateral emergencies such as fires, flooding, hazardous material spills, utility disruptions, landslides, transportation emergencies, and the possible failure of dams in Riverside County. The community needs would most likely exceed the response capability of the County’s first responder and emergency management organizations, requiring mutual assistance from volunteer and private agencies, the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), and the Federal Emergency Support Functions.

A strong earthquake can be catastrophic for Riverside County and could cause thousands of casualties, property damage, disruption in communications and utility systems, disruption in supply and distribution systems, and general panic. An earthquake of this magnitude could directly affect all Riverside County and most of Southern California, causing a critical demand on mutual aid resources and competition for relief support.

Source:https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-magnitude-does-damage-begin-occur- earthquake#:~:text=There%20is%20not%20one%20magnitude,somewhere%20above %204%20or%205)
Key effects and response considerations: • Effects on people and housing. In the event of an earthquake, the primary consideration is saving lives. Time and effort must also provide for mental health, reuniting families, shelters, and restoring basic needs and basic services. Major efforts will be required to remove debris and clear roadways, demolish unsafe structures, assist in re-establishing public services and utilities, provide continuing care and temporary housing for affected citizens.

Local government emergency plans indicate that although there is a general capacity to respond to injuries and damage caused by minor to moderate earthquakes, it is unlikely that local agencies will be able to cope with the immediate impact of a strong earthquake. The public must realize the assistance they have been accustomed to expecting will not be immediately available.

The damage caused by earthquakes can affect all aspects of a community, from government services to private enterprise to civic activities. These events:

Severely restrict or overwhelm our response resources, communications, transportation, and utilities; and
Leave many individuals and neighborhoods cut off from outside support. Damaged roads and disrupted communications systems may restrict the access of emergency response agencies into critically affected areas. Thus, for the initial period

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immediately following a disaster—often up to three days or longer—individuals, households, and neighborhoods may need to rely on their own resources for food, water, shelter, and first aid.

Individual preparedness, planning, survival skills, and mutual aid within neighborhoods and worksites during this initial period are essential measures in managing in the aftermath of a disaster. Actions taken in advance will impact the quality of survival and ability to help others safely and effectively. Learning about community hazards, community plans, understanding hazard-specific protective actions, assembling important emergency supplies, and mitigating potential hazards in the home are all essential emergency preparedness activities that citizens can take. In the event of a major earthquake citizens must be prepared to wait for up to 72 hours or more for any type of organized response.

Source:
https://www.ready.gov/sites/default/files/2019.CERT_.Basic_.PM_FINAL_508c.pdf Impacts on population: Table 24 provides a summary of HAZUS Estimated Impacts on Riverside County. That summary identifies over 19,000 households that could be displaces and over 25,000 homes that could be in a complete damage state. This would require large scale mass care and sheltering services. Loss of utility service would have major impacts on the people in the County. Table 24 noted that 99% of all households could be without water.

Social Vulnerability: Populations most vulnerable to earthquake hazards would be those that rely on specific services or electrical power, which may not be available during or after an earthquake, or those which are homeless, would have a difficult time evacuating due to age or disability, cannot communicate easily due to speaking English less than well, for example.

Effects on commercial and industrial structures. After any earthquake, individuals are likely to lose wages due to the inability of businesses to function because of damaged goods, facilities and/or infrastructure. With business losses, the County of Riverside and the cities in the Riverside County Operational Area will lose revenue. Economic recovery from damaging earthquakes will be critical to the communities involved. If essential services are not restored, many businesses could close. About 25 percent of businesses do not reopen after disasters. Having an emergency disaster plan and a continuity of operations plan in place can reduce that risk and help the business recover faster.

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Source:https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210318/stay-business-after-disaster- planning-ahead
• Effects on infrastructure.The damage caused by an earthquake can lead to affecting the availability of law enforcement, fire service, and other essential governmental services. Additionally, impacts to water, gas, communication, and electrical services could be interrupted for residents in the OA leaving essential services to be unavailable until alternative options can be provided. Much of the roadways and freeways experience damage, leading to traffic gridlock. • Effects on Critical Facilities. Many critical facilities have been identified as being adjacent to the various faults in the County which includes hospitals, fire stations, law enforcement facilities, and schools. Depending on the location of the earthquake epicenter, facilities that are not seismically retrofitted or built to sufficient earthquake resilience standards could potentially be damaged beyond reasonable repair forcing services to be relocated or have services suspended. • Effects on agriculture. Earthquakes can cause loss of human life, loss of animal life, and property damage to structures and land dedicated to agricultural uses.

The most significant long-term impacts on agriculture from earthquakes are those that arise from the cascading effects of fire and flood.

Note: Please refer to Section 4.4 Critical Facilities for additional maps.

Historically, the San Andreas Fault is the most active among the fault network that cuts through rocks of the California coastal region. The entire San Andreas Fault system is more than 800 miles long and extends to depths of at least 10 miles below the earth’s crust. The San Andreas Fault in California forms a continuous, narrow break in the earth’s crust that extends from northern California southward to the Cajon Pass near San Bernardino City. Several branching faults, including the San Jacinto and Banning faults, share the movement of the crustal plates as the fault continues southeast to the Salton Sea and to Baja California Sea of Cortez.

Studies of the San Andreas near San Gorgonio Pass reveal that this area is more advanced in the cycle of strain accumulation than the western area at the Cajon Pass.

Earthquake activity around the Southern San Andreas, including the June 1992 Landers- Big Bear earthquakes, had previously prompted scientists to increase their studies of this area.

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The San Jacinto fault has had a higher level of moderate to strong earthquakes during the past 50 to 100 years, although the slip rate is not as high. Geodetic data indicates an appreciable strain accumulation across both faults, implying that either one may be primed for release. The Casa Loma Fault is one of the larger and more active fault segments of the San Jacinto fault. It extends from near the Perris Reservoir to just north of the community of Anza. Clark Fault is another large and active segment which extends near Hemet to just nine (9) miles southwest of the shore of the Salton Sea. This section of the San Jacinto Fault produced a series of large earthquakes starting in 1899 on average every 14 years, with the longest interval being 19 years. In 2015, the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) estimated 30-year probabilities of 19 percent for an M 6.7 and larger event on the Southern San Jacinto Fault.

Map 9: Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3) Source: http://wgcep.org/UCERF3
Date retrieved from the internet: October 2022
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A third major fault zone that traverses Riverside County is the Elsinore Fault. The Elsinore Fault Zone is one of the largest in southern California. The main trace of the Elsinore fault zone has only seen one historical event greater than magnitude 5.2 – the earthquake of 1910 which had a magnitude 6.0 and erupted near Temescal Valley.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
Riverside County is at risk for significant earthquakes causing catastrophic damage and strains on response and mitigation resources. Both property and human life are at high risk. The County experiences hundreds of minor quakes each month from the faults in the area. Studies indicate that stress is building up in major faults like the San Andreas.

A major quake could happen at any time.

Earthquake risk is very high in Riverside County's most heavily populated western region and in the Coachella Valley, due to the presence of two of California's most active faults:
the San Andreas Fault and San Jacinto Fault. The risk is also high in Riverside County’s less populated region east of the Coachella Valley.

All scenarios reviewed of a strong earthquake rated at a 7.0 or higher within the OA could have devastating effects overall, leaving emergency response capabilities overwhelmed with service requests, downtime of essential community services for extended periods, deaths, injuries, and mass displacement of community members.

The maps below provide additional context to the potential hazard earthquakes can be to the OA. The maps have been developed using the following sources of information: • Cal OES MyPlan website • USGS Quaternary Faults website • 2021 Riverside County General Plan - Safety Element

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Map 10: Riverside County Faults and Zones According to County General Plan – Safety Element Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf Retrieved from the internet on: December 2022
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Map 11: Riverside County Faults and Zones
Source: https://usgs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=5a6038b3a1684561a9b0aadf88412fcf Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022

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Map 12: Fault Activity
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Map 13: Ground Shaking Potential
The map provided above shows ground shaking potential from earthquakes within Riverside County and depicts expected intermediate periods (1s or 1hz) ground motions with 2% exceedance probability in 50 years. The colors change according to the maximum (peak) intensity of shaking (amplitude of the ground motion). As the shaking at a location progresses from no shaking (green), moderate (yellow), and strong shaking (pink), peaking at a violent shaking level (purple).

Source: https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/ Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022 Source: https://myplan.caloes.ca.gov/ Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022

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Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Earthquakes can cause many cascading effects such as fires, flooding, hazardous material spills, utility disruptions, landslides, transportation emergencies, electrical failure, and failure of dams in Riverside County. HAZUS Assessment The HAZUS Loss Library and previously generated scenarios were used to compile general building stock and loss estimates with available earthquake hazard scenarios.

Several scenarios around a large earthquake occurring in the OA were used in the assessment. The scenario chosen for analysis were a M7.1 San Andreas Fault Scenario Earthquake centered in the Coachella Valley, and two M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenarios on the Southern San Andreas Fault centered in western Riverside County. One M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenario San Andreas report was generated in 2008 and another was generated in 2021.

The MJLHMP planning team did not have the capability to produce its own custom HAZUS reports for the 2023 plan update. The team leveraged the most recent and available prebuilt scenarios in the FEMA HAZUS Loss Library in conjunction with the M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenario from 2008 to understand impacts. While the 2021 generated data utilized a baseline inventory, it did not provide additional information for essential facilities, transportation, and utility systems. The planning team decided upon review of the 2008 “Shakeout” scenario that the previous data relating the scenario that wasn’t addressed in the new modeling should be kept in the assessment. These dated scenario details provide an understanding of potential impacts with an assumption that the impacts stated in the 2008 “Shakeout” Scenario will be exacerbated if they were modeled for today’s community profile.

Risk assessment results leveraged from the HAZUS-MH analysis included:
▪ General Buildings o Ground Motion o Damage State Probabilities o Damage o Direct Economic Loss ▪ Essential Facilities o Medical Care o Police Stations o Fire Stations o Emergency Response o Schools County of Riverside Operational Area
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As shown in the table 18.0, the total estimated direct economic loss related to building damage could reach $9.8B in the 2008 “Shakeout” scenario events. The 2021 scenarios showed that a M7.8 along San Andreas Fault in Western Riverside County present day could have an economic loss as high as $12.5 Billion and a M7.1 along the San Andreas fault centered in Coachella could have an economic loss $3.88 Billion. It should be noted that these totals are for Riverside County only. The earthquake scenarios have the potential to cause additional damage in adjacent counties as referenced in Tables26 and

27. Page 865 of 1949

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Table 26: Summary of HAZUS Estimated Impacts on Riverside County for the Earthquake Scenario from 2008 (Table ES-2)
Impact Category (2008) M 7.8 "Shakeout" San Andreas
Economic loss due to building damage $6.9 Billion
Total building-related direct economic loss $9.8 Billion Number of buildings in complete damage state 25,000*
Debris generated (million tons) 3.5
Displaced households 19,000 Households*
People needing short-term shelter 8,600 People*
Fatalities (2am, 2 pm, 5 pm) 60 buildings (70 all causes) * Total injuries (2 am, 2 pm, 5 pm) 11,600 buildings (11,900 all causes) * Percentage of households without water 99%
Number of highway bridges with at least moderate
damage (potentially closed) 100
*Note: selected custom estimates for the "Shakeout" scenario have been taken from the full USGS technical report, "The Shakeout Scenario". https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1150/ Tables26 and 27 summarize expected essential facility impacts in the 2008 “Shakeout” earthquake events. Estimated building damages to essential facilities in Riverside County ranges could exceed $351 Million. These loss totals should not be considered all- inclusive, as replacement cost data was unavailable for many hospitals, and a small number of schools, and police facilities at the time this scenario data was utilized. While this data is from 2008, it allows our planning team to understand the potential severity of a larger earthquake impacting the essential facilities.

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Table 27: Summary of HAZUS –Estimated Impacts for Riverside County Essential Facilities in Two Earthquake Scenarios
Essential
Facility Category
(2008) M7.8 "Shakeout" San Andreas
Mean Damage Economic Loss ($1,000)
Hospitals Medium 14% $3,842
Large 26% $5,180
SchoolsK-12 (default data) 2% $3,708
K-12 (providing data) 6% $314,182
CCD (providing data) 5% $24,465
EOCs 6% $20
Police Stations 7% $35
Fire Stations 4% $14
Total $351,446
*Note: In Riverside County at the time of this assessment, there are no hospitals which would be categorized by HAZUS as "Small" (<50 licensed acute care beds)

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Figure 18: Summary of HAZUS – estimated Impacts for Riverside County in 2021

7.8 Shakeout Full Scenario
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Figure 19: Summary of HAZUS – estimated Impacts for Riverside in 2021 7.1 San Andreas (Coachella) Scenario

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7.1 San Andreas (Coachella) Earthquake Scenario –OA Impacts The 7.1 San Andreas (Coachella) scenario will impact the eastern most communities and infrastructure of Riverside County. A summary of the regional impacts is provided in Table 17.2. The MJLHMP Planning team leveraged the scenario and extracted data from census tracks within Riverside County to understand the OA impacts. These impacts are described below:

Of the 686,260 households modeled within the OA specific scenario data, up to 65,095 households could be affected, up to 6,799 homes could have major damage and up to 2,668 homes could be destroyed. The Major Damage and homes destroyed could be considered “red tagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy.

With displaced households, we could see up to 1,597 displaced households and up to 1,474 households would need shelter assistance.

As much as 328,400 tons of brick, wood, and other “light” debris and up to 380,277 tons of concrete and steel “heavy” debris may result from damaged buildings totaling 708,717 tons that would need to be removed in accordance with applicable debris removal standards.

The number of people killed because of the scenario damage is expected to be as high as 127 people. Total injuries are expected to be as high as 1,945 individuals.

The economic loss as stated previously could be as high as $3.8 billion. 2008 “Shakeout” San Andreas Earthquake Scenario OA Impacts The M7.8 “Shakeout” San Andreas scenario earthquake from 2008 shows that an earthquake of this magnitude will impact most of the populated portions of Riverside County. A summary of impacts is provided in Table 26. It should be noted that impact estimates have been taken from the improved estimates developed by the extensive community modeling effort (Jones, et al., 2008) conducted for the “Shakeout” exercise.

The use of these estimates is noted where appropriate due to lack of updated modeling available to the MJLHMP planning team at the time of 2023 plan update.

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Table 28: Summary of HAZUS – Estimated Impacts for Riverside County Due to an M7.8 Scenario Earthquake on the Shakeout San Andreas Fault Source http://pubs.usqs.gov/of/2008/1150
In the M7.8 “Shakeout” Scenario earthquake on the San Andreas Fault, dollar losses related to the shaking-induced building damage are estimated to reach $6.9 billion, while total direct economic losses are expected to be approximately $9.8 billion.

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Figure 20: Direct Economic Loss in Riverside County Resulting from an M7.8 Scenario Earthquake on the “Shakeout” San Andreas Fault According to the published “Shakeout” scenario (Jones, et al., 2008), approximately 25,000 buildings would be expected to suffer “Complete” damage in the scenario earthquake. These buildings, predominantly residential mobile homes, would be considered “red-tagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy. A small percentage of these buildings (15% or less) have the potential for collapse, suggesting the need for Urban Search & Rescue. More than 18,000 buildings are expected to suffer “Extensive” damage in this scenario earthquake and would be considered “yellow-tagged”, with restrictions on continued use. While the remainder of buildings would be considered “green-tagged” (safe for occupancy, although some damage may have occurred), approximately 63,000 would be expected to suffer “Moderate” damage, and an additional 137,000 would suffer “Slight” damage.

Almost 3.5 million tons of debris may result from these damaged buildings – 58 percent is expected to be heavy debris (concrete and steel), requiring heavy equipment to break County of Riverside Operational Area
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down and remove, while 42 percent is expected to be light debris (wood, brick, and other debris).

In the “Shakeout” scenario (Jones, et al., 2008), damage to single family and multi-family dwellings is expected to result in the displacement of approximately 19,000 households.

Immediately after the earthquake, significant disruption to the water supply and distribution system is expected, essentially impacting the entire county. While many of the displaced may find shelter with friends and family, or in available hotels, approximately 8,600 people are expected to seek public shelter.

The number of people killed because of shaking buildings, transportation system damage, and post-earthquake fire may be on the order of 60 to 70 people. Total injuries, including the range of injuries from minor injuries, treated with basic medical care, to mortal injuries (deaths) from all causes, are estimated to reach 11,900 within the County.

Transportation of the injured for treatment could be impacted by transportation system damage with as many as 100 bridges in the County suffering at least “Moderate” damage. 2021 “Shakeout” San Andreas Earthquake Scenario OA Impacts The 2021 7.8 San Andreas Scenario earthquake centered in Western Riverside County shows that an earthquake of this magnitude will impact most of the populated portions of Riverside County. A summary of impacts is provided in Table 18.2. The MJLHMP Planning team leveraged the scenario and extracted data from census tracks within Riverside County to understand the OA impacts. These impacts are described below:

Of the 686,260 households modeled within the OA specific scenario data, up to 145,214 households could be affected, up to 17,416 homes could have major damage and up to 13,558 homes could be destroyed. The Major Damage and homes destroyed could be considered “red tagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy.

With displaced households, we could see up to 6,178 displaced households and up to 5,412 households would need shelter assistance.

As much as 1,073,464 tons of brick, wood, and other “light” debris and up to 1,517,408 tons of concrete and steel “heavy” debris may result from damaged buildings totaling 2,590,873 tons of debris that would need to be removed in accordance with applicable debris removal standards.

The number of people killed because of the scenario damage is expected to be as high as 645 people. Total injuries are expected to be as high as 3,158 individuals.

The economic loss as stated previously, could be as high as $12.5 billion.

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Essential Facility Impacts
Table 27 provides an overview of essential facility performance in the “Shakeout” San Andreas Scenario earthquake. The table lists the number of essential facility sites and buildings (these numbers will differ for multi-building campuses, such as schools and hospitals). The table also provides the total building replacement value and the number of buildings for which value data was available. As can be seen in the table, replacement cost data for hospitals was generally not available, unlike most other essential facility types. Expected building performance in this earthquake event is on the order of 7 percent damage or less for EOCs, fire stations, police stations, and schools, but as much as 26 percent damage to large hospitals. The total economic loss for essential facilities has been estimated to exceed $351 million, with 97 percent of the total loss occurring in schools. It should be noted that although cost data is only available for 31 hospital buildings (out of 77), these 31 buildings suffer more than $9 million in loss, indicating that the actual total economic loss for hospitals would be significant, but can’t be estimated at this time because of the lack of replacement value data.

All scenarios reviewed of a major earthquake rated at a M7.0 or higher within the OA could have devastating effects overall, leaving emergency response capabilities overwhelmed with service requests, downtime of essential community services for extended periods, deaths, injuries, and mass displacement of community members.

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Table 29: Riverside County Essential Facility Loss Estimates – M7.8 “Shakeout” San Andreas Fault Scenario Earthquake
The following three maps are from the Fault Activity Map of California, California Geologic Survey, Data Map

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Map 14: Fault Activity Map of California, Western Riverside County Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022
Source: https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/
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Map 15: Fault Activity Map of California, Central Riverside County Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022
Source: https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/

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Map 16: Fault Activity Map of California, Eastern Riverside County Retrieved from the internet on: December 20, 2022
Source: https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/
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Continue to the Next Page.

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5.3.2 Pandemic
Severity: 4
Probability: 2
Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Pandemic and Epidemic ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
A disease outbreak can cause illness and result in significant casualties. Since 1900, there have been four influenza pandemics that killed approximately 600,000 people in the United States. Most recently, COVID-19 was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It is very contagious and has quickly spread around the world. Due to the nature of this virus (Novel to humans), there was little to no immunity among the population, and it took approximately one year to produce a vaccine that could combat the virus.

Hospitalizations and deaths were most pronounced in those 65 and older, and those with underlying medical conditions.

History
2020- COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2.

It is part of the coronavirus family, which include common viruses that cause a variety of diseases from head or chest colds to more severe (but rarer) diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). COVID-19 most often causes respiratory symptoms that can feel much like a cold, a flu, or pneumonia. With the introduction of non- pharmaceutical interventions and COVID-19 vaccinations the numbers of deaths and hospitalizations have decreased. However, the threat of shifts and drifts of this virus continues to be monitored by the CDC.
2009- Rise of H1N1, popularly referred to as the Swine Flu. According to the California Center for Infectious Diseases, the H1N1 flu (2009 H1N1 influenza virus) is a type of influenza virus that causes respiratory disease that can spread between people.

While most people who have been sick have recovered without needing medical treatment, hospitalizations, and deaths from infection with this virus has occurred.

The spread of H1N1 flu occurs in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with influenza. As a result of preparation and mitigation strategies such as County of Riverside Operational Area
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vaccinations and public education, the threat of a full‐blown H1N1 pandemic in the U.S. is receding. However, the possibility of another pandemic still exists. 2003- A previous pandemic flu threat that still looms is the avian flu. Birds can contract avian flu and pass it along to humans. Some strains of the avian flu are more virulent than others. Public health experts continue to be alert to the risk of a possible re‐emergence of a 2003 epidemic of avian flu among people primarily in Asia. People who had been very close contact with infected birds (for example, people who lived with chickens in their houses) contracted a virulent form of avian flu and there was a significant death rate from this disease. Thus far, the avian flu virus has not mutated and has not demonstrated easy transmission from person to person. However, were the virus to mutate in a highly virulent form and become easily transmissible from person to person, the public health community would be very concerned about the potential for a pandemic influenza outbreak. Such a pandemic could disrupt all aspects of society and severely affect the economy.

Risk Assessment
Influenza, also known as the flu, is a disease that attacks the respiratory system (nose, throat, and lungs) in humans. Although mild cases may be similar to a viral “cold,” influenza is typically much more severe. It usually comes on suddenly; may include fever, headache, tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and body aches; and more often results in complications such as pneumonia. Seasonal influenza is a yearly occurrence that causes serious flu-related complications primarily for persons aged 65 and older and those with chronic health conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), pregnant women, and young children. Those who are exposed but do not succumb develop immunity to the strain circulating that year. Worldwide pandemics of influenza occur when a novel virus emerges to which the population has little immunity.

The 20th century saw three such pandemics, the most notable of which was the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic that was responsible for 20 million deaths throughout the world. Secondary impacts include significant economic disruption that can occur due to loss of employee work time and costs of treating or preventing spread of the flu.

Source: https://archive.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Influenza(Flu).aspx COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus named SARS-CoV- 2 and was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It is very contagious and has quickly spread around the world.

COVID-19 most often causes respiratory symptoms that can feel much like a cold, a flu, or pneumonia. COVID-19 may attack more than your lungs and respiratory system. Other parts of your body may also be affected by the disease.

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• Some people including those with minor or no symptoms may suffer from post- COVID conditions — or “long COVID”.
• Older adults and people who have certain underlying medical conditions are at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19.
• Hundreds of thousands of people have died from COVID-19 in the United States. • Vaccines against COVID-19 are safe and effective. Vaccines teach our immune system to fight the virus that causes COVID-19.

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/about-covid-19/basics- covid-19.html#:~:text=with%20updated%20guidance.-
,About%20COVID%2D19,%2C%20a%20flu%2C%20or%20pneumonia.

California Department of Public Health
The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) monitors flu conditions on an annual basis, including all virologic, case based and syndromic surveillance. CDPH works with Riverside County to help the community prepare and mitigate the effects of Pandemic Flu. • Effects on people and housing. The risk to people can be severe, leading to hospitalization and potential loss of life. Damage to housing because of Pandemic Flu is not likely. Depending on the severity of impact, the public’s confidence for jurisdictional governance may be challenged if coordinated efforts are not effective and uniformed with best practices identified by subject matter experts such as the Centers for Disease Control.
• Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The risks are minimal to structures. Economic impacts for the OA can be apparent in a pandemic. If staff are infected and unable to work, this can limit the ability for industries that require in-person work to be constrained to the limitation of staffing and resources to augment potential quarantine and isolation of employees. • Effects on infrastructure. The risks are minimal, but if there is a pandemic, the risk will decrease the numbers of workers that go to work, which can have economic and functional effects to the organizations in a community. Continuity of Business and Continuity of Government planning goes into action in these cases. • Effects on agriculture. The risk of animals borne disease can be great in a pandemic, depending on the disease. The impact to agriculture can be great, again depending on the disease. The risk to the environment overall will be minimal.

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The following charts are from the COVID19.CA.GOV website Figure 21: California COVID-19 Update for December 8, 2022

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Figure 21 Continued
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5.3.3 Wildland Fire
Severity: 4
Probability: 4
Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Wildfire ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Cities in which CAL FIRE has made recommendations on Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ) in Riverside County ➢ Banning ➢ Beaumont ➢ Calimesa ➢ Canyon Lake ➢ Cathedral City ➢ Corona ➢ Desert Hot Springs ➢ Hemet ➢ Jurupa Valley ➢ Lake Elsinore ➢ Menifee ➢ Moreno Valley ➢ Murrieta ➢ Norco ➢ Palm Desert ➢ Palm Springs ➢ Perris ➢ Rancho Mirage ➢ Riverside ➢ San Jacinto ➢ Temecula ➢ Wildomar

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Map 17: Riverside County Wildland Fire Threat
Source:
https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/uk1pvwva/fhsz_county_sra_11x17_2022_riverside_ada.p df
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Map 18: Wildland-Urban Interface
Source:
https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf

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Hazard Definition
An unplanned, unwanted wildland fire including unauthorized human-caused fires, escaped wildland fire use events, escaped prescribed fire projects, and all other wildland fires where the objective is to put the fire out.

Source: https://community.fema.gov/ProtectiveActions/s/article/Wildfire-What Public Resources Code §4114 and §4130 authorize the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection (Board) to establish a fire plan which, among other things, establishes the levels of statewide fire protection services for State Responsibility Area (SRA) lands.

These levels of service recognize other fire protection resources at the federal and local level that collectively provide a regional and statewide emergency response capability. In addition, California’s integrated mutual aid fire protection system provides fire protection services through mutual aid agreements for fire incidents across all ownerships where structures and other human development are more concentrated.

The California Fire Plan is the state's road map for reducing the risk of wildfire. The Fire Plan is a cooperative effort between the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. By placing the emphasis on what needs to be done long before a fire starts, the Fire Plan looks to reduce firefighting costs and property losses, increase firefighter safety, and to contribute to ecosystem health.

State Responsibility Areas (SRAs)
State Responsibility Areas (SRAs) are those lands within California that meet specific geographic and environmental criteria. These are areas where CAL FIRE has legal and financial responsibility for wildland fire protection and where CAL FIRE administers fire hazard classifications and building standard regulations. SRAs are defined as lands that 1) are county unincorporated areas, 2) are not federally owned, 3) have wildland vegetation cover rather than agricultural or ornamental plants, 4) have watershed and/or range/forage value, and 5) have housing densities not exceeding three units per acre.60 Similar to the Federal Responsibility Areas(FRAs), where SRAs contain built environment or development, the responsibility for fire protection of those improvements (non‐wildland) is that of a local government agency.

Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs)
Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs) include land within incorporated cities, cultivated agriculture lands and non‐flammable areas in unincorporated areas and those lands that County of Riverside Operational Area
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do not meet the criteria for SRA or FRA. LRA fire protection is typically provided by city fire departments, fire protection districts, and counties, and by CAL FIRE under contract to local governments. LRAs may include flammable vegetation and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) areas where the financial and jurisdictional responsibility for improvement and wildland fire protection is that of a local government agency.

Homes in Wildland‐Urban Interface (WUI) Areas
Wildfire poses a significant risk to the people of California and their homes, as evidenced by an increasing trend in structural losses from wildland fires. The risk is predominantly associated with wildland‐urban interface (WUI) areas. WUI is a general term that applies to development interspersed within or adjacent to landscapes that support wildland fire.

Housing Unit Density Classes:

Class Description: • Rural/Outlying: From one housing unit per five acres to one housing unit per twenty acres.
• Urban: Dwelling unit density of 2 to 8 units per acre. • Wildland Urban Interface: The line, area, or zone where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels.
• Wildland Intermix Interface is a condition where homes and other structures are scattered throughout a wildland area.

Managing the human/wildfire conflict requires a commitment of resources and a focused mitigation plan over the long term. The approach must be system‐wide and include the following: • An informed, educated public that takes responsibility for its own decisions relating to wildfire protection
• An effective wildfire suppression program • An aggressive hazardous fuels management program • Land use policies and standards that protect life, property, and natural resources

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• Construction and property standards that provide defensible space While some wildfires start by natural causes, humans cause four out of every five wildfires. Historically Between 2001-2010, 85 percent of fires in the United States were caused by humans. Wildfires started by humans are usually the result of debris burns, arson, or carelessness. As a natural hazard, a wildfire is often the direct result of a lightning strike that may destroy personal property and public land areas, especially on state and national forest lands. The predominate dangers from wildfires are:

1. Injury or loss of life to people living in the affected area or using the area for recreational facilities.

2. Injury or loss of life to first responders.

3. The destruction of the environment.

Source: https://community.fema.gov/ProtectiveActions/s/article/Wildfire-What Magnitude factors:

Generally, there are three major factors that sustain wildfires and predict a given area’s potential to burn and increate the potential magnitude of an incident. These factors are fuel, topography, and weather.
• Fuel – Fuel is the material that feeds a fire and is a key factor in wildfire behavior. Fuel is generally classified by type and by volume. Fuel sources are diverse and include everything from dead tree leaves, twigs, and branches to dead standing trees, live trees, brush, and cured grasses. Also, to be considered as a fuel source are manmade structures, such as homes and other associated combustibles. The type of prevalent fuel directly influences the behavior of wildfire. Fuel is the only factor that can be modified by humans. The main fuel types in Stanislaus County are crops and grasses, while there are also brush and pine fuels present in some areas in the western portion of the County. • Topography – An area’s terrain and slopes affect its susceptibility to wildfire spread.

Both fire intensity and rate of spread increase as slope increases due to the tendency of County of Riverside Operational Area
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heat from a fire to rise via convection. The arrangement and types of vegetation throughout a hillside can also contribute to increased fire activity on slopes. • Weather – Weather components such as temperature, relative humidity, wind, and lightning affect the potential for wildfire. High temperatures and low relative humidity dry out fuels that feed wildfires, creating a situation where fuel will more readily ignite and burn more intensely. Thus, during periods of drought, the threat of wildfire increases.

Wind is the most influential weather factor of the three and its influence can increase rates of spread regardless of temperature and relative humidity.

History of Previous Occurrences
History
There is a long history of wildfires in Riverside County. The next table represents Wildland Fires of 500 acres or greater from 2008 to 2019. Page 878 of 1949

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Table 30: Riverside County Large Fires 500 Acres and Greater (2008-2019) Source:
https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf County of Riverside Operational Area
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Additional Incidents have occurred since 2019 that are not listed on the table above.

Available information on those incidents is listed below for fire incidents greater than 500 acres:

Table 31: Large Wildland Incidents within Riverside to include Local and State Incidents

YEAR NUMBER OF LARGE
FIRES
Fire Name(s) Acres Burned
2023 0 (as of January 2023)- N/A
20222 Fairview
Lost Lake
28,307
5,856
20211 Chaparral 1,427
20204 Airport
Apple
Sanderson
Snow
1,087
33,424
1,954
6,254
Source: https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/
Probability of future events:

As noted, as the beginning of this hazard profile, Wildfires probability was ranked as a 4 meaning it is a frequent rating of occurrence. Looking at the history of large wildfire incidents, Riverside County has had at least one large wildfire incident nearly every year since 2008. This ongoing historical trend is likely to continue to occur annually. The preceding Riverside County Wildland Fire Threat maps points out the distinct bi -
lateral character of Riverside County. The western end of the County is more urban, densely populated, and covered with vegetation that is susceptible to wildfires. The eastern end of the County is primarily desert, with far less population and far less vegetation than the western end of the County. We anticipate that future events will occur

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more frequently on the western end of the county, and this assessment reflects the amount of high severity zones seen on the western end of the County as seen on the following Hazard Severity Maps.

The categories of fire severity maps are: • Little or No Threat • Moderate • High • Very High • Extreme The following two maps are maps of Fire Hazard Severity Zones. They show the wildfire susceptibility Risks and the local responsibility area, and the state or federal responsibility areas.

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Map 19: Riverside County Wildfire Susceptibility Risks Map Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf

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Map 20: Fire Hazard Severity Zones (West County) and Emergency Service Facilities Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf County of Riverside Operational Area
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Map 21: Eastern Riverside County Wildfire Susceptibility Risks Map

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Risk Assessment
Fire is a continuous threat in Southern California, particularly in Riverside County.

According to the National Risk Index as of January 2023, Riverside County has a very high-Risk Index Score of 100.00 out of 100.00. A chart that demonstrates the distribution of hazard type Risk Score is available below to convey the severity of this potential hazard. Major areas of concern lie within the wildland and urban interfaces. Hundreds of homes now border major forests and brush areas. With thousands of people living near and visiting wildland areas, the probability of human-caused fires is growing. Although occurring with less frequency, the threat of fire from lightning strikes also exists. The Idyllwild area, San Jacinto Mountains is heavily forested and high hazard area.

Figure 22: National Risk Index Score distribution
Source: https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map
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Generally, the dry seasons are a major time for an increase in the number of forest fires and structure fires. The standard "shake roof" is a particular hazard, as is the poor control of flammable growth around structures. During times of the strong "Santa Ana" winds, fire danger is particularly high.

The increase of industrial complexes, transportation networks, and utility networks pose a threat that is not seasonal, but rather year-round. Associated with industry and transportation networks is the ever-present problem of hazardous materials. Although not necessarily a wildland threat, a fire occurring in an urban area involving hazardous materials could have serious consequences.

Due to the undeveloped and rugged terrain in parts of Riverside County, highly flammable brush- covered land, and long, dry summers, many portions of the County have experienced numerous wildland fires in the recent past. • Effects on people and structures. The effects on people and housing can be significant. Many fires shown in the table above resulted in the evacuation of homes. Wildfires have the potential to destroy residential and commercial buildings, as well as critical infrastructure. To convey the potential financial annual impact on the OA, the National Risk Index provides an estimated Annual Loss Value for Riverside County. Estimated damage value in total could be as high as $135,750,440 witha population equivalence of $162,227.

Source: https://hazards.fema.gov/nri/map
Depending on the severity of the incident the public’s confidence in the OA’s ability to govern could be impacted.
• Effects on infrastructure. Due to destroyed powerlines, wildfires often result in power outages. These outages can be extensive in geographic area and numbers of persons affected.
• Effects on Critical Facilities. There are approximately 15 fire stations that are in potential direct risk from wildland fires. There are additional critical locations within

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the Idyllwild area that are at a high danger risk from wildland fires. In many cases (i.e., fire stations and schools) these facilities cannot be relocated into a safer area. • Effects on agriculture. Effects on agriculture can be devastating. In addition to the obvious impacts on animals and crops, wildfire can have disastrous effects on soil and water that will affect agriculture for an extended period of time. The economic impacts of wildfire include loss of property, direct agricultural sector job loss, secondary economic losses to businesses in or near wildland resources like parks and national forests, and loss of public access to recreational resources. Fire suppression may also require increased cost to local and state government for water acquisition and delivery, especially during periods of drought when water resources are scarce. Effects on agriculture can be significant. • Effects on the environment. It should be noted that large scale wildfires can have devastating effects on the environment that can take months to years to grown back and return to similar states prior to the incident.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Major wildfires can completely destroy ground cover causing flooding and erosion. If heavy rains follow a major fire, flash floods, heavy erosion, landslides and mudflows can occur. These cascading effects can have impacts on people, structures, infrastructure, agriculture, and the environment.

Risk Assessment Conclusion.

The western end of Riverside County is more susceptible to wildfire than the eastern end of the County. The effects can be far-reaching in terms of the number of acres involved, the toll on human life, and the economic consequences. Wildfire will continue to be a high- risk hazard for Riverside County and is a mitigation priority for the OA.

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5.3.4 Electrical Failure – Power Outage
Severity: 4
Probability: 4
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Power Outage Incidents ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
Identifying Energy Shortage Hazards
California continues to experience both population growth and weather cycles that contribute to a heavy demand for power. Climate change may also increase California’s vulnerability to energy shortage hazards, as frequency and severity of natural hazards such as Extreme Weather in the form of Extreme Heat become more frequent, this could challenge the National Grids ability to provide power through extended heatwaves when demands for climate-controlled environments are needed by the public. Predicted increases in heat waves, as well as increasingly severe winter storms, will put ever greater strain on California’s electricity system. The frequency and intensity of heat waves are expected to increase globally, threatening human and animal health, especially among the elderly, poor, chronically ill, homeless populations, individuals with access and functional needs (AFN), and other vulnerable populations as noted by the Cal-OES Extreme Temperature Response Plan.

Source: https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wp-
content/uploads/Preparedness/Documents/Extreme-Temperature-Response-Plan- 2022-v3.pdf
Hydro‐generation provides approximately 20 percent of California’s electric power, with the balance coming from fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewable sources. Rotating outages and/or blackouts such as those experienced in August of 2020 can occur due to losses in transmission or generation and/or extremely severe temperatures that lead to heavy electric power consumption.

The electric power industry does not have a universal agreement for classifying disruptions.

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Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that different types of outages are possible so that plans may be made to handle them effectively. Electric power disruptions can be generally grouped into two categories: intentional and unintentional.

There are four types of intentional disruptions:

1. Planned [Maintenance/ Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS)]: Some disruptions are intentional and can be scheduled. For example, a disruption may be necessary when components of the power system are taken out of service for maintenance or upgrading. Scheduled intentional disruptions can last from several minutes to several hours, and customers are usually notified in advance. In recent years, power utility companies such as SoCal Edison have begun initiating Public Safety Power Shutoffs for grid areas that show high risk of fire ignition from downed and damaged powerlines.

Source: https://www.sce.com/outage-center/outage-information/psps

2. Unscheduled (Repair): Some intentional disruptions must be done "on the spot." As a result, advance notice cannot be provided. For example, a fire department or a police department may request a disruption in service during a fire or an accident.

3. Demand‐Side Management: Some customers (i.e., on the demand side) have entered into an agreement with their utility provider to curtail their demand for electricity during periods of peak system loads. In return for agreeing to these disruptions, these customers receive a lower electric rate and/or a rebate.

4. Load Shedding (Rotating): When the power system is under extreme stress due to heavy demand and/or failure of critical components, it is sometimes necessary to intentionally interrupt the service to selected customers to prevent the entire system from collapsing. In such cases, customer service (or load) is cut, sometimes with little or no warning. One form of load shedding called a "rotating blackout" involves cutting service to selected customers for a predetermined period (usually not more than two hours). As power is restored to one block of customers, the power to another block of customers is interrupted to reduce the overall load on the system.

Unintentional or unplanned disruptions are outages that come with essentially no advance notice. This type of disruption is the most problematic. The following are categories of unplanned disruptions:
• Accident by the utility, utility contractor, or others.

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• Malfunction or equipment failure due, for example, to age, improper operation, excessive operation, or manufacturing defect; special subcategories cover broken fuse links and underground cable, joint, or termination failures. • Equipment overload (utility company or customer).
• Reduced capability (equipment that cannot operate within its design criteria). • Tree contact other than from storms.
• Vandalism or intentional damage.
• Weather, including ice/snow, lightning, wind, earthquake, flood, and broken tree limbs taking down power lines.
• A wildfire that damages transmission lines.

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Table 32: Riverside County Power Outages (1993-2021)
Location Date Incident Description
RiversideCounty 10/28/1993
Variety of fires. 129 structures destroyed. Power outages. 6 injuries.

Greater Jurupa
Area
1/6/1996
Property damage, power disruption, road damage.

Beaumont 2/17/1999
60mph winds damaged roofs, downed trees and power
lines, and created a dense dust storm. A plume of dust
penetrated homes and covered all surfaces and filled
closets and cupboards. Yards had 3" to 6" of silt. 1128 homes damaged. 27 vehicles.

Hector Mine
Earthquake 10/16/1999
Minor damage to buildings, power interruption,
communication interruption, gas line break causing a leak.

Blythe 8/23/2000 Power outage from storms. Provided shelter for 24 people.

Desert Cities 8/27/2000
Thunderstorm and wildfires caused power interruption.
2,800 customers without power.

Eastern Coachella
Valley 7/3/2001
Power failure. Several thousand people affected.

RiversideCounty 2/9/2002
High wind. Damagethroughout the County. Roof damage,
structure fires, wildfires started but were contained before 15-acre point. Power outages from the wind.

Moreno Valley 7/22/2002
51 home blackout. Transformer fire. Illegal dumping of
used motor oil into the transformer vault.

Mira Loma,
Jurupa, Rubidoux,
Pedley, Sky
Country
1/6/2003
High windcaused road closures, downed trees and power
lines. Semi-truck overturns. Power outages affecting
10,000. Fire.

RiversideCounty 1/14/2003
Power lines down with 936,569 people affected, trees
felled, homes damaged, fire triggered from downed lines, Elsinore, Hemet,
Moreno Valley,
Perris, San Jacinto
and Temecula in the
southeastern area of
Riverside County
4/23/2009 Substation load interruption led to loss of power to 280.000 residents.

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Riverside County,
Orange County,
parts of Arizona and
Mexico
9/8/2011 Cascading outages led to approximately 2.7 million customers without power due to an 11-minute system
disturbance. Power loss lasted as long as 12 hours for
some affected. Riverside County’s Imperial Irrigation
District was directly affected.

Thousand Palms,
Indio and Desert Hot
Springs
4/30/2014 A cut fiber ring led to communication failure for 261 residents. Power outages for 10,500 residents due to windy conditions.

Riverside 3/11/2016 Micro-burst caused down powerlines and power outages, 3,000 people affected.

Riverside 4/29/2016 Power outage led to 20,020 SoCal Edison customers affected.

Moreno Valley 2/10/2017 8,137 residents lost power due to substation malfunction Riverside University
Health System
5/11/2017 Scheduled maintenance required the hospital to switch to partial generator power for 16 hours.

Desert Reginal
Hospital
5/17/2017 Experience power outage and ran off generators, Riverside 10/26/2017 Load shedding caused loss of power to 104,000 residents Jurupa Valley 10/27/2020 Scheduled maintenance for 8 hours. 926 residents were affected.

San Jacinto, Hemet,
and South of Juniper
Flats
12/2/2020 Public Safety Power Shutoffs due to Santa Ana winds affected 1762 customers for over 24 hours.

Beaumont, Cherry
Valley, Riverside
County
1/19/2021 Power outage caused 100 percent of customers (1411) to lose power for 13 hours.

Banning, Idyllwild,
Palm Springs,
Cabazon, Eastvale,
Jurupa Valley,
Riverside County
11/25/2021 Public Safety Power Shutoffs due to Santa Ana winds caused power outage for over 24 hours.

Note: Table is not inclusive of all power shutoffs that occur throughout the county.

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Risk Assessment
Catastrophic damage to property or loss of life due directly to power failure is possible members of the public who meet the criterial of Critical Care Patients such as those require the use of electrically powered medical devices are particularly vulnerable to this hazard. If services are interrupted for those individuals and they do not plan accordingly could require the assistance of first responders or public services such as Cooling and/or Warming Centers to weather the impacts until they subside. An individual could lose their life if they come into contact with a downed power line. Although the risk of a power outage is high, the direct damage potential is low.

Source: https://www.sce.com/outage-center/customer-resources-and-support/critical- care-backup-battery-program
Power outages or interrupted service often occur during electrical storms and high winds.

Wildfires also cause power outages in Riverside County. There is a very real possibility of a widespread blackout due to the earthquake. • Effects on people and housing. Impacts due directly to power failure are slight.

Those who require electric powered medical equipment will be at greater risk. In areas of the county that are impacted by high temperatures, or very cold temperatures, a power outage can have an impact on the heating or cooling abilities. The potential impact on the public’s confidence in the OA’s ability to govern will be minimal.
• Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Impacts due directly to power failure are slight. If an outage lasts many days, the impact would be of greater severity.
• Effects on infrastructure. Impacts to the ability of infrastructure in the area of failure to support emergency response may be significant, although not permanent.
• Effect on Critical Facilities. Most critical facilities are required to have a back- up generator. Depending on the facility, the power outage can have strong effects on parts of the population that need medical devices, also for cooling and heating purposes. Extended periods of power outage can strain back-up generator equipment and the service providers for fuel to run those generators if they are to exceed 72 hours of interruption.
• Effects on agriculture & the environment. Impacts due directly to power failure are slight.

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Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
As noted, other hazards such as an earthquake, wildfire, electrical storms, and high winds may be causes of blackouts.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
The County needs to be prepared to coordinate with utility companies on prioritized power restoration should there be a failure due to downed lines caused by another hazardous condition or intentional disruptions made in the form of a PSPS.

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5.3.5 Emerging Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases
Severity: 4
Probability: 4
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Emerging / Re-emerging Infectious Diseases ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
According to the Center for Disease Control, the term "emerging infectious diseases" refers to diseases of infectious origin whose incidence in humans has either increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future. Emerging and re- emerging infectious diseases are new, new to the area, reappearing in the area after being fairly dormant, or a strain has become resistant to antibiotics. These illnesses are caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi that have entered into the body and began to multiply.

Infectious diseases can be spread throughout the County population in a number of different ways:
• Vector (Bug bites)
• Person to person
• Contaminated food water or soil
Zika
Zika is a virus that is predominantly transmitted through the vector. Female Aedes ageypti are more dangerous than males. This is due to the fact that females have blood meals and males do not. They also spread the infection through laying eggs in standing water.

Riverside County has detected Aedes ageypti, however, the ones that have been tested do not carry the virus. The reported cases in Riverside County have all been travel related illnesses. The threat of transmission is still present due to the potential sexual transmission of the virus.

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Map 22: Aedes Distribution Map by County
Source:
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Aedes DistributionMap.pdf
Ebola
Ebola is dominant in African countries, though with the ease of travel it has the potential to make its way to California. It is transmitted through blood, bodily fluids, direct contact with broken skin, contaminated needles, and infected primates. When infected it can be fatal. Ebola can spread rapidly within Health Care Facilities when staff are not properly trained of not wearing adequate personal protective gear.

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Dengue
Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bite of an infected Aedes species (Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus) mosquito. Dengue is caused by one of any of four related viruses: Dengue virus 1, 2, 3, and 4. For this reason, a person can be infected with a dengue virus as many as four times in his or her lifetime. The same mosquitos that can spread Zika can spread Dengue. Almost half of the world’s population, about 4 billion people, live in areas with a risk of dengue. Prevent dengue by avoiding mosquito bites.

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/areaswithrisk/index.html Avian Influenza
Avian influenza or bird flu refers to the disease caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Type A viruses. These viruses naturally spread among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species. Bird flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with bird flu viruses have occurred. Infected birds can shed avian influenza A viruses in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. Susceptible birds become infected when they have contact with the virus as it is shed by infected birds. They also can become infected through contact with surfaces that are contaminated with virus from infected birds. Avian influenza A viruses are classified into the following two categories: low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) A viruses, and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A viruses. Both HPAI and LPAI viruses can spread rapidly through poultry flocks. HPAI and LPAI designations do not refer to or correlate with the severity of illness in cases of human infection with these viruses; both LPAI and HPAI A viruses have caused mild to severe illness in infected humans.

Respiratory Illnesses (RSV, COVID-19)
Respiratory syncytial (sin-SISH-uhl) virus, or RSV, is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. Most people recover in a week or two, but RSV can be serious, especially for infants and older adults. RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs) in children younger than 1 year of age in the United States.

COVID-19 is caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. It is part of the coronavirus family, which include common viruses that cause a variety of diseases from head or chest colds to more severe (but rarer) diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). COVID-19 may cause mild symptoms in people, but others may have severe disease or require hospitalization. Older people and those with moderate to severe immunocompromise may suffer more with COVID-19 infection. Long COVID, or post COVID conditions, may cause lingering morbidity or complication, even with minor COVID-19 infection.

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Respiratory illnesses can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes; you get virus droplets from a cough or sneeze in your eyes, nose, or mouth; you have direct contact with the virus, like kissing the face of a child with RSV; you touch a surface that has the virus on it, like a doorknob, and then touch your face before washing your hands.

Risk Assessment • Effects on people and housing. The risk to people can be severe, leading to hospitalization and possibly loss of life. Damages to housing as a result of an emerging / re-emerging infectious disease is not likely. The impact on the public’s confidence in the OA’s ability to govern is very low.
• Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The risks are minimal to structures.
• Effects on infrastructure. The risks are minimal, but if there is an emerging or re- emerging infectious disease outbreak the risk to people will lessen the numbers of workers that can go to their regular employment, which can strain the maintaining the infrastructure. Continuity of Business and of Government may become an issue. Outbreaks also but a strain on schools, hospitals, doctor offices and businesses.
• Effects on agriculture & environment: Agriculture can be devastatingly affected by emerging / re-emerging infectious diseases. There are a number of vector borne illnesses that can affect livestock such as Lyme disease, Salmonella and rabies.

Plant pests or viruses can cause huge losses in crops that can threaten food safety and farmer livelihood stability. This can also impact local fauna can also be impacted depending on the ability of each disease to transmit to animals and plants.

History of Events
2015/17 – Zika was confirmed in Riverside County in 2015 with 14 infections. In 2017, there were 2 confirmed cases. All cases were travel related. Report accuracy reflects confirmed cases. Due to the symptoms mirroring a cold, the number could be higher but the mortality rate for this disease is very low. Its greatest impact is on a pregnant woman. 153 cases were reported within the state of California as of August 2016. Sexual transmission is a possibility with this virus. Transmitting mosquitos, Aedes ageypti, are present within the County.

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2014/16 – Riverside County was alerted of the 2014 West Africa Ebola Outbreak in West African countries. Worldwide, a total of 1,975 cases were confirmed and 1,069 deaths were reported in August 2014. In 2016 the numbers had grown to 15,261 confirmed cases and 11,325 fatalities; it was the largest outbreak in history.

Infection Control Measures were released from the Riverside Department of Public Health to first responders and EMS professionals. Though Riverside did not experience an outbreak or confirm a case, they were on high alert of the potential spread of the disease.
2015 – West Nile was contracted by 737 people within the county and there were 45 reported deaths.
2013 – Large scale Tuberculosis testing. 2 cases were confirmed and 72 were treated for latent TB infections.
2004 – Botulism Type A was detected in four inmates within Riverside County. 2003– West Nile Virus was detected in birds in the City of Riverside and the Coachella Valley. There was one reported human case within the County. Imperial and Los Angeles Counties also reported human cases.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
This hazard has the potential to impact EMS first responders and Health Care Facilities.

In the event that the timing of an outbreak coincided with another hazard, the healthcare impact could be extensive.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
Public Health Departments for the County, State, nation and the world constantly monitor all emerging / re-emerging infectious diseases. This gives medical personnel the necessary time to prepare or mitigate possible effects of emerging / re-emerging infectious diseases.

As a result of the Ebola and Zika outbreaks, Riverside County EMS Agency released Policy 2102, Emerging Infectious Diseases Screening. Its purpose is to specify procedures to be followed when highly pathogenic emerging viruses are suspected during emergency call taking and response or confirmed prior to interfaculty transport.

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5.3.6 Cyber Attack
Severity: 4
Probability: 1
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Cyber Attack ➢ Riverside County Jurisdiction ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County Hazard Definition
Cyber-terrorism is the use of computer network tools to shut down critical government infrastructures such as energy, transportation, and government operations, or to coerce or intimidate a government or civilian population. The premise of cyber terrorism is that as nations and critical infrastructure became more dependent on computer networks for their operation, new vulnerabilities are created. A hostile nation or group could exploit these vulnerabilities to penetrate a poorly secured computer network and disrupt or even shut down critical public or business operations.

The goal of cyber terrorism is believed to be aimed at hurting the economy of a region or country, and to amplify the effects of a traditional physical terrorist attack by causing additional confusion and panic.

Cyber-terrorism. Recent incidents illustrate the County’s vulnerability to cyber- terrorism. • Effects on people and housing. If a Cyber-attack were to happen at a Healthcare Facility the effects could be detrimental to patients and their care. Sensitive Security Information could be obtained, and the hackers could release patient files, payment information and other personal data that could harm individuals and employees. Impacts on a Computer Aided Dispatch System (CAD) from cyber terrorism could also cause impacts on the residents of the community as interruption of this service could delay 9-1-1 response times. This hazard could negatively impact the public’s confidence in the OA’s ability to govern if the incident is severe enough to impact the publics life, safety, or personally identifiable information (PII).
• Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Depending on levels of contamination and exposure, effects could range from minimal to devastating.

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EMD 5.1.25 243 | S e c t i o n 5 • Effects on infrastructure. Cyber-terrorism can have profound effects on infrastructure. If an attack were to happen in a critical facility it could potentially make it inoperable. As critical infrastructure continues to leverage supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) applications, unpatched software and/or unprotected ports connected to the internet could allow threat actors to compromise critical infrastructure operations leading to potential impacts on the general public’s essential services such as delivery of water, power and/or other resources.
• Effects on agriculture & the environment. Depending on levels of contamination and exposure, effects could range from minimal to devastating. The impacts to the environment would be minimal.

History of Events
In 2016 the County of Riverside Emergency Management Department was targeted for a ransomware attack that resulted in a disruption of work. It also affected the Department Operations Center (DOC) shared drive, which could have hindered response to a disaster.

We have not identified any events that would be identified as cyber-terrorism since 2016.

However, it should be noted that all jurisdictions in the OA face cyber threats every day that do coming in the form of: Ransomware, Business Email Compromise, Insider Threat, Phishing, Denial-of-Service Attacks, and Cross site Scripting.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Cyber-attacks have the ability to shut down entire facilities. If an attack were to happen during a disaster it could greatly affect the response of first responders and EOC personnel. If Personally Identifiable Information (PII) or data categorized protected under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is compromised, the county could be impacted by reputational damage and significant financial penalties.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
Cyber-attacks happen within the County on a daily basis. The Riverside County Information Technology Department (RCIT) has multiple prevention systems in place that protect County servers and network systems. RCIT monitors County systems 24 hours a day and has the Albert Sensor that will report to the Center for Internet Security (CIS), Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) all Domain Name System County of Riverside Operational Area
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(DNS) and NetFlow traffic for correlation with the Department of Homeland Security’s threat intelligence database for alerting of malicious network connections to blacklisted IP address and Domains on the Internet. Another implemented system is the Enterprise Breach Detection System that inspects all internal/lateral county network traffic for indicators of compromise (IOCs) enabling the Information Security Office to rapidly detect, respond to, contain, and prevent cyber-attacks, malware outbreaks, network reconnaissance, data exfiltration, and C2 (command & control) and botnet activities.

Recent investments to protect the county against Cyber-terrorism and Cyber-attacks include: • 2018
- The creation of a dedicated Security Operations Center. • 2018 – The County purchased a Security Orchestration Automation and Response (SOAR) platform to automate and standardize the response to cyber security incidents.
• 2019 – The county invested in KnowBe4 to perform phishing simulation/awareness • 2021 – The County changed its policy to require every employee to take cyber security awareness training annually.
• 2022 – The County is currently in the process of purchasing a Breach Attack and Simulation Platform that will allow the County to test the configuration of security tools. This will allow us test against the specific Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) used specific Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) actors.

RCIT is also in the process of implementing more programs for the safety of the County’s networks. Due to the level of security, the threat of a Cyber-attack is fairly low, but the potential dangers could be very damaging.

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5.3.7 Terrorist Event
Severity: 3
Probability: 1
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Terrorism ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
The unlawful use or threatened use of violence committed against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.

Terrorism can be defined and segmented into two categories.

International terrorism: Violent, criminal acts committed by individuals and/or groups who are inspired by, or associated with, designated foreign terrorist organizations or nations (state-sponsored).

Domestic terrorism: Violent, criminal acts committed by individuals and/or groups to further ideological goals stemming from domestic influences, such as those of a political, religious, social, racial, or environmental nature.

Source: https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/terrorism
History
Riverside County has experienced some incidents throughout the years. However, threats and incidents have been on the rise.

Riverside County has experienced a few incidents of terrorism throughout county history since terrorism is politically based. The risk of terrorism fluctuates with uncertainty.

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Risk Assessment
The following risks and tactics associated with terrorism are defined broadly below to add context:

Chemical. A terrorist would not have to build a complicated chemical release device.

During favorable weather conditions, an already existing chemical plant could be sabotaged or bombed releasing a toxic cloud to drift into a populated area. The result could be just as dangerous as having placed a smaller chemical device in a more confined space. This type of incident would cause the maximum amount of fear, trepidation, and potential panic among the civilian population, and thus achieve a major terrorist objective.

Biological. The agents are cheap, easy to make, and simple to conceal. Even small amounts, if effectively deployed, could cause massive injuries, and overwhelm emergency rooms. The production of biological weapons can be carried out virtually anywhere — in simple laboratories, on a farm, or even in a home.

However, experts say it remains very difficult to transform a deadly virus or bacterium into a weapon that can be effectively dispersed. A bomb carrying a biological agent would likely destroy the germ as it explodes. Dispersing the agents with aerosols is challenging because biomaterials are often wet and can clog sprayers. Most agree that, while a biological attack could be devastating in theory, in reality, the logistical challenges of developing effective agents and then dispersing them makes it less likely a terrorist could carry out a successful widespread assault.

Radiological/Nuclear. Under extreme circumstances an accident or intentional explosion involving radiological materials can cause very serious problems.

Consequences may include death, severe health risks to the public, damage to the environment, and an extraordinary loss of, or damage to, property.

Explosive. While generally more limited in the extent of the damage inflicted, explosive terrorist attacks may have consequences including death and damage to property.

Targets would include county fairs, music festivals, critical facilities, and sporting events.

Active shooters: The increase of violent crimes throughout the nation has increased awareness within Riverside County. The possibility of an attack has increased. Though the threat to infrastructure is fairly limited this hazard could result in loss of life, injury, and economic disruption. Targets could include public events, government facilities, schools, and shopping centers.

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Vehicle Ramming: This terrorist tactic has been increasing over the last five years.

Riverside County has a very low history of this event but moderate probabilities of it happening again. This tactic is very hard to detect, and mitigation is extremely difficult to carry out. Riverside County Sheriff’s Department has increased their awareness of this terrorist style in an attempt to foil any attempted ramming incident.

Extremists, especially in European countries have moved towards filling the vehicles with explosives to increase the number of fatalities in an attack. Though this approach has not yet made it to Riverside County, the potential threat has increased.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects
Terrorism may lead to a fire, destruction of property, disruption of power, injury to persons, and even loss of life. The potential to affect public safety response to other public safety calls.

Risk Assessment Conclusion
Riverside County has a large population within proximity of critical infrastructure. The effects can be far-reaching in terms of the number of buildings involved, the toll on human life, and the economic consequences.

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5.3.8 Communications Failure
Severity: 3
Probability: 2
OA Jurisdictions Affected by Network Communications Failure ➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
CoRNet
The County of Riverside Network (CoRNet) provides Voice and Data communication for most County departments and facilities. CoRNet is a distributed design consisting of Regional Hub locations to which sites in each region have their point-to-point circuits connected. Each of these Hub locations is then connected to its adjacent Hub locations via high bandwidth circuits.

Voice Services are built to be fully redundant, residing within 3 geographically diverse data centers: RC3, Regency Tower, and RUHS Main Campus.

CoRNet has been providing transport for Voice, Video, and Data systems within the same network infrastructure since its redesign was completed in 2016. The global pandemic in 2019/2020 brought the need for business continuity via a remote workforce. The County architecture was scaled up significantly to support this need through Virtual Private Network (VPN) and Mobile Remote Access (MRA) solutions.

The County has adopted a partially remote workforce in this post-pandemic era.

A loss of Network connectivity would impact both Voice and Data. In the event of a communications failure and its location, the impact could range from a single department to geographical areas or possibly the entire County.

Multiple hazards could result in a “Network” failure such as earthquakes, power outages, and other natural disasters.

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Figure 23: Lumen Internet, ATT Hub Image
Indio Hub Failure • Sites impacted o All CoRNet directly connected Desert locations • Services impacted o All Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi services for this region.

Murrieta (SWJC) Hub Failure • Sites impacted o All CoRNet directly connected South County locations • Services impacted o All Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi services for this region.

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Hemet Hub Failure • Sites impacted o All CoRNet directly connected Hemet area County locations • Services impacted o All Voice, Data, and Wi-Fi services for this region.

Riverside Hub Failure • Sites impacted o All Central Riverside locations (Voice, Data, and Wi -Fi)
• Services impacted o All Voice, Data, and Wi
-Fi services directly connected to the Riverside hub
PSEC
The Riverside County Sheriff’s Department/Public Safety Enterprise Communications (RSO/PSEC) Division provides public safety communications for all participating City and County law enforcement, fire service, public works, and allied agencies in Riverside County. In January of 2014, PSEC replaced an aging countywide Enhanced Digital Access Communications System (EDACS) system with a Motorola 7.x APCO P25 Phase 2 high availability and Dynamic System Resilience voice radio system. PSEC provides and manages all aspects of Public Safety Radio Services for participating agencies which include almost all County agencies and the city police departments of Banning, Murrieta, Menifee, Riverside, and Corona. Beaumont, Blythe, Indio, Cathedral City, Indio, and Palm Springs are estimated to be on PSEC by end of 2023.

Thirty plus full-time staff provide 24/7/365 Public Safety Communications for over 6,800 voice and data mobile users who operate over a 7,303 square mile area. The PSEC radio system provides all levels of government communications for the 2,189,641* residents of Riverside County including first responder dispatch for Law Enforcement 9-1-1 Dispatch Centers. The staff maintains: • 78 radio and microwave remote sites • 77 PSEC radio Voice and Data transmitter Sites • 1 – Primary Motorola (M)- Core Site • 1 Motorola (M) Core Dynamic System Resilience (DSR) Site • 88 licensed Microwave Hops • Approximately 8500 Voice Users • 16 Dispatch Centers The PSEC Division of RCIT processed 30,045,205 Public Safety Transmissions for FY21/22

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Figure 24: PSEC System Architecture
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Map 3: PSEC Sites and Microwave Interconnectivity across 7200 Square miles of Riverside County, CA
System Redundancy
A significant and material attribute of the System is how it performs during various failure conditions. The PSEC ASTRO 25 Radio System is designed with multiple levels of redundancy and the ability to provide continued communications should failures occur.

Because the System can be a lifeline to County users and citizens, there is no tolerance for System failure. The System can withstand multiple failures and still provide full- featured trunked communications.

At each remote site, dispatch location and Master site, components that have the potential to interrupt communications have been backed up with redundant components. The system is designed such that multiple component failures must occur before users will notice a degradation in performance (other than a brief period during the switch over to a redundant component).

Master Sites
There are two Master sites, one in Riverside on Alessandro Street and one in Blythe. In the event of a catastrophic failure of the Alessandro Master site, the Blythe Master site will take over operation of the entire system. In the event of a loss of microwave communications links between the east side and the west side of the county, the Blythe Master site can take over system operations in the east county, while Alessandro will continue to control the west county. In this scenario, dispatchers at Alessandro or Palm

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Desert would not be able to reach units operating on the east side of the county, nor would Blythe dispatchers be able to reach units operating in the west.

History of Events
CoRNet
Riverside County has not experienced a large-scale Communication Failure with CoRNet.

PSEC
In early 2017 the PSEC radio system had a technical issue that led to the temporary disruption of 911 services in the Indio/Palm Springs area.

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Risk Assessment Conclusion
CoRNet
As RCIT continues working toward redundancy in many areas (Data Center, MPLS, Redundant Internet Connections etc.), it is important to understand the scope of an outage depending on where it occurs on CoRNet under the current design. A single Hub failure would only impact the locations serviced through that Hub. Other hub locations would not be affected.

PSEC
The RSO/PSEC Division has developed hardened sites to maintain Public Safety two- way communications to support first responders during natural disasters and civil disturbance. All of the microwave and core sites are hardened with towers that are rated to either 85 or 120 mph wind, Seismic Zone 4, and are maintained by professionals dedicated to Public Safety Communications.

The PSEC system is highly redundant with several layers of fault tolerance. There are multiple routing paths for routers, switches, trunked repeaters, overlapping coverage and core roaming services. Although individual sites may be affected by a major earthquake or another disaster, the PSEC system has been designed to offer a high level of operability overall.

Restoration of downed infrastructure could take hours to a month(s) depending on the severity of the damage with the worst case being a loss of physical infrastructure.

The PSEC system has already performed well in minor earthquakes and major fires. The system has also been highly available on a day-to-day basis. The probability of the system working to support first responders is high if the PSEC Division properly maintains the system and is funded to do so.

The Core and Radio Network Interface (RNI) has intrusion detection and is isolated from the outside with multiple layers of firewalls to protected from Cyber Attacks. A comprehensive assessment by RCIT ISO and the manufacturer Motorola was performed when the PSEC radio system was deployed. RCIT ISO can be contacted to provide more details on how the RCIT network is protected.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects

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Any loss of the RSO/PSEC Public Safety Voice system would affect first responder performance during emergencies of all types in Riverside County for Law, Fire, EMS and local government entities like Public Works.

5.3.9 Flood
Severity: 3
Probability: 3
Location: OA Jurisdictions Affected by Flooding
➢ All incorporated cities of Riverside County ➢ Unincorporated areas of Riverside County County of Riverside Operational Area
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Map 24: Riverside County 100 Year Flood Plain Risks

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Hazard Definition
A flood is defined as an overflowing of water onto an area of land that is normally dry.

Floods generally occur from natural causes, usually weather-related, often in conjunction with a prolonged period of seasonal precipitation or with sudden and very heavy rain falls.

Floods can, however, result from human causes as a dam impoundment bursting. Dam break floods are usually associated with intense rainfall or prolonged flood conditions. In the Riverside County area, a major earthquake could cause a dam failure. In a dam failure scenario, the greatest threat to life and property typically occurs in those areas located immediately below the dam since flood depths and discharges generally decrease as the flood wave moves downstream.

Floods are generally classed as either slow-rise or flash floods. Slow-rise floods may be preceded by a warning time lasting from hours to days, or possibly weeks. Evacuation and sandbagging for a slow rise flood may lessen the flood-related damage. Conversely, flash floods are characterized by extremely short warning times.

Hydrologic Regions
Although Riverside County occasionally experiences periods of significant drought, the County can also experience periods of substantial rainfall. When Riverside County does experience heavy rain, or rain overa period of days or weeks, many areas of the County are subject to flooding. Runoff from rain drains either naturally into rivers, washes,and creeks or into flood control facilities. Flash flooding is alsoacommon problem, especially in the Coachella Valley and the easterly portions of the county. Flash flooding is typically associated with short duration, high-intensity precipitation events often associated with summer thunderstorms. Such events can occur even duringa drought.

The topography of the County varies from mountainous areas several thousand feet above sea level to low desert areas that are below sea level. Riverside County falls within two distinct Natural Hydrologic Regions as described in the State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP):

South Coast Region
The South Coast hydrologic region extends north from the U.S. - Mexico border to the Tehachapi, San Bernardino, San Gabriel, and San Jacinto mountains. Nearly one-third of the area is coastal plain. This region contains major urban centers, including the counties of Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego. Much of the flooding is sudden and severe, resulting in massive slides, debris flows, and mudflows. The western portion of Riverside County falls within the South Coast Region and contains portions of the Santa Ana River, San Jacinto River, and Santa Margarita River watersheds.

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Colorado River – Desert Region
The dominant hydrologic features of this region are the Colorado River, which forms its eastern boundary, and the Salton Sea, which lies just shy of its western boundary. The region is marked by the San Bernardino and San Jacinto mountains. The region is also bounded by the U.S.‐ Mexico border to the south and the South Lahontan region to the north. This is generally a sparsely populated agricultural region that experiences sporadic flooding; however, the upper Coachella Valley has a much higher population density. Both common winter storm events and summertime monsoonal flows from Mexico’s Pacific Coast can spawn massive rainstorms, general flooding and flash floods. The Eastern portion of Riverside County falls within the Desert Region and contains portions of the Whitewater River and Colorado River watersheds.

Characteristic Weather Patterns
In Riverside County, various weather patterns are associated with flood events such as El Niño conditions, La Niña conditions, Summer Monsoons, and “Pineapple Express”.

Floods that affect Riverside County can be attributed to three different types of storm events:

1.A general winter storm that combines high-intensity rainfallanda rapid melting of the mountain snowpack.

2.A tropicalstorm out of the southern Pacific Ocean.

3.A summerthunderstorm, particularly in the desert areas.

There are three principal types of flood hazards:

1. Stream flooding (including bridge scour and stream erosion)

2. Flash flooding (including debris and mud flows)

3. Sheet flow flooding (including alluvial fan flooding) The major rivers in the South Coast hydrologic region of Riverside County are dry most of the year and pose floodthreats todevelopments within the floodplain during general storms of long duration.Whena major stormmoves into thearea, the excess precipitation becomes surface runoff. Resultant flood flows have predominantly short durations and sharp peaks. Increased urbanization increases floodpotential by increasingthe percentage of impervious surfaces.

In the Desert hydrologic region, high-intensity rainfall from the period of July to August can produce severe flash flooding. Winter rainsare generally more widespread in the desert

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and flash flood potential is less due to the lower intensity of rainfall. Winter rains are nonetheless capable of producing flooding but are somewhat more predictable. There isa severe danger to motorists who may attempt to drive through flooded washes which are typically dry.

Storms with high volumes of precipitation inashort period of time haveoccurred inthe County causing flashfloods, contaminated drinking water, disrupted electrical service, and damaged homes and contents. In addition, land that has been denuded of foliage and treesdue to fire orhuman activity has experienced serious erosion from the rainfall.

Excessive precipitation can inundate soil in slopes causing mudslidesand landslides.

These events can destroy homes, block highways, and destroy power lines. The County is vulnerable to this type of flooddamage. Heavy storms also can strand individuals playing near orcrossing streams, rivers, flood control channels and intersections.

Riverside County has several major river systems,f, and reservoirs. Excessive rainfall can stress these systems causing serious damage to property and potential loss of life. Rivers can overflow their banks, destroying bridges and washing out roads and highways during major flood events. Dam failure is discussed ina separatesection of this LHMP onthat specifichazard.

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History of previous occurrences:

Table 33: Riverside County Flood History
Location Date of
Incident
Reported
Damage
Number
Injured Incident Description
Riverside County 1/17/1993 $12,629,191 0 Flooding
Idyllwild 3/5/1995 $1,000,000 Not Avail.

Flooding caused by rains. 3,000 acres of
farmland flooded. Portions of Highway 74
washed away
Mecca 3/6/1995 $1,000,000 2 Flooding caused by rains.

Riverside County 2/6/1998 12,629,1910
El Nino storms flooding, debris, road damage
water damage to homes
Cherry Valley,
Calimesa, Yucaipa-
Oak Glen
Conservation Camp,
Banning
7/11-12/1999 $750,000 3 Flash flood. Camp and property damaged.

Desert Hot
3/5/2000 $300,000 1 Flooding caused by rain and snow
Springs
Moreno Valley 3/7/2000 $1,500,000 Not Avail. Flooding caused by rain. Mudslides. Homes and property destroyed.

Eastern Riverside
8/29/2000 Not Avail.0
Flash flood due to severe thunderstorm, hail,
County heavy rain.

Eastern Riverside
7/6/2001 $3,383,000 0
Flash flood. Road damage, farmland damage,
County crop damage.

County Areas &
Riverside City 11/24/2001 Not Avail. Not Avail. Flood channel blocked. Homes flooded.

Moreno Valley,
Cathedral City 8/18/2003 $500,000 Not Avail. Flash flood Government buildings flooded Anza, Banning 9/4/2003 $150,000 Not Avail. Flash flood.

Corona, Palm
11/12/2003 $10,000 0 Flash flood.

Springs
Mira Loma, Moreno
Valley 2/2/2004 $10,000 Not Avail. Flash flood.

Temecula,
Riverside, Mira
Loma
2/18/2004 $55,000 Not Avail. Flash flood.

Mira Loma,
Moreno Valley, 10/20/2004 $500,000
0 Flash flood.

Perris, Sun City,
Lake Elsinore

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Riverside County
FEMA DR -1577 12/27/2004 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides
Riverside County
FEMA DR -1585 2/16/2005 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides
Riverside County
FEMA DR -1884 3/8/2010 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides
Riverside County
FEMA DR -1952 12/17/2010 Not Avail Not Avail Severe Storms, Flooding, Debris Flows and mud slides
Hemet, Coachella
Valley and
Thousand Palms
9/7-8/2014 Not Avail Not Avail
Flash flooding in Coachella Valley. Mud
and water closed roads and stranded
vehicles in La Quinta, Palm Desert, and
Thousand Palms. Homes in La Quinta
were surrounded by water. Moving water
was 3 feet deep on roads and 4 to 5 feet of
standing water submerged vehicles.

Throughout County 12/3
-4/2014 Not Avail
1 Flooding resulted, with mud, debris and
water closing several roadways and
stranding vehicles. Mud with debris 10 feet
high piled up on Soboba Rd. north of San
Jacinto. A swift water rescue was needed.

Throughout County 7/19/2015 Not Avail1
Flooding in the county lead to the need for
a swift water rescue, the washout of
Interstate-10 near Desert Center, and
neighborhood in and near Moreno Valley
flooded causing damage to resident’s
homes and property.

Menifee 9/8/2015 Not Avail Not Avail Flooding
Temecula 1/5
-7/2016 Not Avail Not Avail Flooding
Throughout County 2/27/2017 Not Avail1
Flooding resulted from the storm. A swift
water rescue was needed in Temecula.

Heavy road damage disrupted traffic.

Throughout County 2/14/2019 $8,353,8001
Flooding resulted from storm event. 30
water rescues in western Riverside County
and Coachella Valley. Significant road
damage and public infrastructure damage.

Source: https://www.weather.gov/media/sgx/documents/weatherhistory.pdf http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/storm_summaries/dec2010storms.php http://ks.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/wsp.2499.sumca0193.html http://www.floodcontrol.co.riverside.ca.us/Downloads/AnnualReports/DistrictAnn ualReport15-16.pdf
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Flood Hazard Mapping
For floodplain management purposes, the following discussion describes the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) definition of “100-year flood.” The term "100- year flood" is misleading. It is notaflood that will occur once every 100 years. Rather, the flood elevation hasa one percent chance of being equaled or exceeded each year.

Thus,a 100-year flood could occur more than once ina relatively short period of time. The one percent chance flood is used by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) as the minimum standardfor floodplain management regulation and, in most cases, triggers the need for mandatory flood insurance coverage.A structure located within a FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area hasa 26 percent chance of suffering flood damage during the term of a 30-year mortgage.

Riverside County utilizes several sources to determine local flood hazards: FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps, DWR Awareness Maps, and local flood zone delineation maps as identified in Riverside County Ordinance 458 (last updated January 25, 2022). For floodplain management purposes, the County regulates unincorporated development within each of the above-mentioned maps. Each of the incorporated Cities administers its own floodplain management program and may or may not utilize floodplain information beyond that provided by FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Maps.

Riverside County residents who live in FEMA mapped floodplains that have a federally backed mortgage loan are required to pay flood insurance. The Riverside County Flood Control District has been working towards getting a premium rate discount for these residents by participating in the Community Rating System (CRS). Currently, unincorporated Riverside County residents receive a 20 percent discount on their flood insurance premiums. Participating in the CRS Program has multiple secondary benefits, such as enhanced public safety, a reduction in damage to property and public infrastructure, avoidance of economic disruption and losses, reduction of human suffering, and protection of the environment. Through the CRS, a community can evaluate the effectiveness of its flood program against a nationally recognized benchmark. Implementing CRS activities, such as floodplain management, help a community qualify for federal assistance programs.

Probability of Future Occurrences:

As noted, as the beginning of this hazard profile, Flood probability was ranked as a 3, meaning it is a semi-frequent rating of occurrence. Looking at the history of flooding incidents, Riverside County has had at least one flood incident nearly every three years.

This ongoing historical trend is likely to continue to occur.

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FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Mapping
FEMA updated the Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMS) effective range from August 28, 2008, to March 3, 2022, depending on when jurisdictions requested maps to be updated. The DFIRMS are available for public viewing from FEMA’s website:

Source: http://msc.fema.gov/portal/advanceSearch#searchresultsanchor Map 4: FEMA FIRM Map 2022– West County
Source: http://msc.fema.gov/portal/advanceSearch#searchresultsanchor County of Riverside Operational Area
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Map 26: FEMA FIRM Map 2022 – East County
Source: http://msc.fema.gov/portal/advanceSearch#searchresultsanchor