Hemet City Council
June 9, 2026

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 273 | Section 5Table 37: Summary of HAZUS – Estimated Impacts for Riverside County Essential Facilities in Three Flood Scenarios
Essential
Facility
Category 100-Year 100-Year w/o Levee 500-Year
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Hospitals* Medium 0 $0 540 $0 540 $0
Large 0 $0 540 $0 360-540 $0
Schools K-12 (default data) 480 $115 480 $865 480 $2,232 K-12 (providing data) 360-720 $12,482 360-720 $38,838 360-720 $66,911 CCD (providing data) 0 $0 360-480 $6,285 360-480 $6,285 EOCs 0 $0 480 $560 360-480 $5,113
Police
Stations
480 $0 360-480 $0 360-480 $796
Fire Stations 480 $692 360-480 $692 360-630 $1,994
TOTALS 360-720 $13,289 360-720 $47,240 360-720 $83,331
*Note: In Riverside County, there are no hospitals which would be categorized by HAZUS as “Small” (<50 licensed acute care beds) Vulnerability Assessment:
 Effects on People and Housing: Of the approximately 647,000 buildings modeled within the general building stock for Riverside County, about 1 percent (6,262) are expected to suffer “complete” damage in the 0.2 percent annual chance flood event (500-year flood) scenario. These building would be considered “redtagged” or unsafe for continued occupancy. About 94 percent of the 6,262 buildings are manufactured housing (i.e., mobile homes). Approximately 43,000buildings (6.6%) are expected to suffer more than 20 percent damage or morewhile about 18,000 buildings are estimated to suffer flood damage of less than 20 percent. As much as 0.78 million tons of debris may result from these damaged County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 274 | Section 5 buildings – 21 percent is expected to be heavy debris (concrete and steel),requiring heavy equipment to break down and remove, while 79 percent isexpected to be light debris (wood, brick, drywall and other debris). Damage to single family and multi-family dwellings is expected to result in thedisplacement of almost 126,000 households. While many of the displaced may find shelter with friends and family, or in available hotels, as many as 357,000 people are expected to seek short-term public shelter. This large number of people would likely overwhelm the emergency sheltering capacity of the county. The displaced populace should be able to move to safe locations without too much difficulty.While four (4) bridges in the county’s transportation system are expected to suffer minor flood damage, the bridges are expected to remain functional. Extendedimpacts as described in the scenarios presented could negatively impact thepublic’s confidence in the OA’s governance during and after a major incident.  Essential Facility Impacts: Table 36 provides an overview of essential facility performance in the 0.2 percent annual chance flood event (500-year flood) with levees scenario. The table lists the number of essential facility sites and buildings (these numbers will differ for multi-building campuses, such as schools andhospitals). The table also provides the total building replacement value, and the number of buildings for which value data was available. As can be seen in thetable, replacement cost data for hospitals was generally not available, unlike most other essential facility types. Expected building damage in this flooding eventranges from 0 percent damage for numerous essential facility types with some, but minimal, flooding, to as much as 7.1 percent mean damage for one school district. The total economic loss for essential facilities has been estimated to reach about $83 million, almost 91 percent of which ($75 million) will occur in schools and about 6 percent of which will occur in EOCs ($5.1 million). It should be noted that nohospital losses were estimated since all hospitals impacted by this floodingscenario did not provide replacement value data. (The full economic impact onhospitals can’t be estimated at this time because of the lack of comprehensivereplacement value data).

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 275 | Section 5Table 38: Riverside County Essential Facilities Loss Estimates – 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario Essential
Facility Category
No. of
Facilitie
s/Sites
No. of
Buildings
No. of
Beds
Replacement
Cost ($1,000)
# Buildings
w/
replacement
# NonFunctional
Buildings
Time to
Restore
(Days)
Economic
Loss
($1,000)
Hospitals*
Medium 8 28 793 $162,827 21 0 540 $0
Large 8 49 2,467 $200,792 10 0 360-540 $0
Schools
K-12
(default
data)
152 152 $219,600 152 31 480 $2,232
K-12
(providing
data)
689 9,981 $6,049,534 9,213 1,111 360-720 $66,911
CCD
(providing
data)
12 258 $356,708 257 92 360-480 $6,285
EOCs 43 43 $310,273 43 4 360-480 $5,113
Police
Stations 51 51 $675,299 48 2 360-480 $796
Fire
Stations 156 156 $366,493 156 8 360-630 $1,994
TOTALS 1,119 10,718 3,260 $8,341,525 9,900 1,248 360-720 $83,331 Note: In Riverside County, there are no hospitals which would be categorized by HAZUS as “Small” (<50 licensed acute care beds) County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 276 | Section 5 Table 39: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County Fire Stations in a 1 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario Agency
Number of
Buildings
Replacement Cost
($1,000)
# Buildings w/
replacement cost
data
No. NonFunctional
Buildings
Restoration Time
(Days)
Mean Building
Damage
Economic Loss
($1,000)
Cathedral City FD 3 $10,500 3 0 360-480 0.0% $0
Corona FD 7 $23,170 7 2 480 7.0% $385
Hemet FD 5 $15,360 5 1 480-630 6.2% $604
Murrieta FD 4 $9,530 4 0 0 0.0% $0
Norco FD 2 $4,750 2 0 480 0.0% $0
Palm Springs FD 5 $6,115 5 0 360-480 0.0% $0
Pechanga FD 2 $5,430 2 0 0 0.0% $0
Riverside County FD 95 $249,411 95 3 360-480 1.0% $740
Riverside FD 17 $11,875 17 1 480 4.5% $60
Other Agencies 4 $10,600 4 0 0 0.0% $0
USFS 12 $19,752 12 1 480 4.4% $205
TOTALS 156 $366,493 156 8 360-630 2.9% $1,994

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 277 | Section 5Table 40: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County EOCs in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood (Levees Intact) Scenario County
No. of
Buildings
Replacement
Cost ($1,000)
No. NonFunctional
Buildings
Restoration
Time (Days)
Mean
Damage
Economic Loss
($1,000)
Riverside 43 $310,273 4 360-480 1.7% $5,113
Table 41: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County Police Facilities in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood (Levees Intact) Scenario Agency
Number of
Buildings
Replacement
Cost ($1,000)
# NonFunctional
Buildings
Time to
Restore (Days)
Mean
Damage
Economic
Loss ($1,000)
Riverside County
Sheriff 30 $491,973 2 360-480 1.2% $796
Other
Agencies
21 $183,326 0 360-480 0.0% $0
TOTALS 51 $675,299 2 360-480 0.2
% $796
County of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 278 | Section 5
Table 42: Estimated Impacts on Riverside School Districts in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario Category District Name
Number of
Facilities/ Sites*
No. of Buildings
Replacement Cost
($1,000)
# Buildings w/
replacement cost
data
# Non-Functional
Buildings
Restoration Time
(Days)
Mean Damage
Economic Loss
($1,000)
K-12 (default data) 151 152 $219,600 152 31 480 5.2% $2,232 K-12 (providing data)
Alvord USD 26 525 $274,026 525 8 360-480 1.4% $583
Banning USD 11 186 $92,169 180 30 360-480 2.7% $892
Beaumont USD 20 209 $179,231 208 36 360-480 4.7% $6,424 Coachella Valley USD 30 707 $271,777 691 128 360-480 2.3% $4,392 Corona-Norco USD 49 855 $718,384 855 128 360-480 2.0% $6,792 Desert Center USD 2 25 $13,438 25 0 0 0.0% $0
Desert Sands USD 33 681 $519,732 655 212 360-480 2.0% $16,475 Hemet USD 29 621 $294,809 620 81 360-480 2.0% $5,681
Jurupa USD 29 547 $285,015 547 8 360-480 1.3% $330
Lake Elsinore USD 29 539 $0 0 116 360-720 7.1% $0
Menifee Union SD 13 213 $116,628 211 0 0 0.0% $0
Moreno Valley USD 36 639 $361,250 639 31 480 6.0% $1,451 Murrieta Valley USD 18 470 $299,250 470 0 0 0.0% $0
Nuview Union SD 5 79 $38,186 79 7 360-480 1.2% $901
Palm Springs USD 31 493 $414,806 492 150 360-360 3.3% $7,922 Palo Verde USD 9 121 $83,907 121 0 0 0.0% $0
Perris SD 12 175 $98,885 174 13 360-480 3.1% $1,315
Perris Union High SD 13 226 $202,431 221 12 360-480 2.6% $5,405 Riverside Co Office of 167 326 $149,923 159 66 360-480 4.4% $2,013 Riverside USD 47 1,015 $497,272 1,015 22 360-480 1.8% $941 Romoland SD 5 63 $46,793 63 0 0 0.0% $0
San Jacinto USD 16 213 $130,375 213 62 360-480 1.6% $5,380 San Jacinto Valley 1 13 $1,105 13 1 360-480 0.4% $14
Temecula Valley USD 32 643 $548,085 642 0 0 0.0% $0
Val Verde USD 25 386 $388,179 384 0 0 0.0% $0
Yucaipa-Calimesa 1 11 $23,878 11 0 0 0.0% $0
CCD (providing
data)
Desert CCD 1 75 $84,687 74 62 360-480 4.1% $4,130
Mt. San Jacinto CCD 2 73 $96,439 73 30 360-480 4.5% $2,155 Palo Verde CCD 5 12 $37,440 12 0 0 0.0% $0
Riverside CCD 4 98 $138,142 98 0 0 0.0% $0
TOTALS 852 10,39 $6,625,842 9,622 1,234 360-720 3.3% $75,428

14.B.

County of Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 279 | Section 5Table 43: Estimated Impacts on Riverside County Hospitals in a 0.2 Percent Annual Chance Flood Scenario Hospital
Size20
Supervisorial
District

No. of Hospital Sites
Number of
Buildings
Number of
Licensed Beds

Replacement Cost
($1,000)
No. Buildings w/
replacement cost
data
# Non-Functional
Buildings
Restoration Time
(Days)
Mean Damage
Economic Loss
($1,000)
Medium
1st
1 7 122 $36,575 7 0 0 0.0% $0
Large 2 5 406 $0 0 0 360-540 0.0% $0
Medium
2nd
0 Large 2 8 533 $0 0 0 0 0.0% $0
Medium
3rd
3 5 297 $98,000 5 0 540 0.0% $0
Large 1 10 433 $200,792 10 0 0 0.0% $0
Medium
4th
2 11 196 $7,474 5 0 540 0.0% $0
Large 2 25 656 $0 0 0 540 0.0% $0
Medium
5th
2 5 178 $20,778 4 0 0 0.0% $0
Large 1 1 439 $0 0 0 0 0.0% $0
TOTALS 16 77 3,260 $363,619 31 0 360-540 0.0% $0
Note: In Riverside County, there are no hospitals which would be categorized by HAZUS as “Small” (<50 Licensed acute care beds) Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 280 | Section5  Effects on Infrastructure:

A slow-rising flood situation will progress through a
series of stages, beginning with minor rainfall and evolving to a major event such as substantial flooding. Once flooding begins, personnel will be needed to assist in rescuing persons trapped by floodwaters, securing utilities, cordoning off flood areas, and controlling traffic. These actions may overtax local agencies, and additional personnel and resources may be required. It is anticipated that existing mutual aid resources would be used as necessary to augment local resources. Many essential public and quasi-public facilities and hazardous materials sites are located within the 100- or 500-year flood zones of Riverside County. As of the writing of the Safety Element of the County’s General Plan, these included 14 of the County's 39 airports; 4 of 18 hospitals; 47 of 109 police stations, fire stations, and emergency operation centers; 92 of 380 schools; 446 of 1,306 highwaybridges; and 695 of 1,978 hazardous materials sites.  Effects on Agriculture & the Environment: As the historical events in Riverside County show, effects on agriculture can be devastating. Flooding can damagecrops, livestock, and dairy stock. In addition to the obvious impacts on animals and crops, flooding can have deleterious effects on soil and the ability to reinvigorate the agricultural activities affected once the flood waters recede. The environment and its fauna could be washed away if residing within the listed scenarios. Thereturn of the ecosystems that inhabit those areas would take months to years to return to pre-disaster levels.  Climate Change and Flooding: Floods are among the most damaging natural hazards in unincorporated Riverside County, and climate change is expected to make flood events worse. Although climate change may not change averageprecipitation levels significantly, scientists expect that it will cause more years with extreme precipitation events. This means that more years are likely to seeparticularly intense storm systems that drop enough precipitation over a shortenough period to cause flooding. Climate change is expected to increase thefrequency and severity of droughts that cause soil to dry out and become hard. When precipitation does return, more water runs off the surface rather than being absorbed into the ground, which can lead to floods. Some recent studies indicate that atmospheric rivers may strengthen as a result of climate change. This is expected to lead to an increase in the number of storms caused by atmospheric rivers (Dettinger 2018;Gershon et al. 2013). Additionally, there is some indication that the most powerful

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 281 | Section5 atmospheric river storms will increase in intensity (Dettinger, Das, and Cayan, n.d.).  Source:
https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf  Source 2: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-RiversideAdaptation-and-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-Assessment Risk Assessment Conclusion Flooding due to heavy precipitation or dam failure is a potential hazard in RiversideCounty, with the resultant possibilities for damage to property and loss of life. Severeflooding can be particularly costly. In a relative sense, flooding due to precipitation does not present the degree of danger posed by other hazards such as major earthquakes. If there is flooding due to dam failure, the danger could be cataclysmic. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Fire can breakout because of dysfunctional electrical goods. Hazardous materials canalso get into floodways, causing health concerns and polluted water supplies.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 282 | Section5

5.3.10 Civil Disorder Severity: 3 Probability: 2 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Civil Disorder  All incorporated cities of Riverside County
Hazard Definition Civil disorder or unrest is usually triggered by dramatic political or social events. Every major metropolitan area in California has experienced and is at risk for, civil disorder. The most significant civil unrest incident in the State was the 1992 Los Angeles CivilDisturbance that resulted in 53 deaths, over 2,300 injuries and over $800 million indamages. This event also precipitated simultaneous, but smaller, incidents throughoutCalifornia and the country. Civil disorder is an incident intended to disrupt community affairs and threaten the public safety. Civil disorder includes riots, mob violence, and any unlawful demonstrationresulting in police intervention and arrests. Civil Unrest is generally associated withcontroversial political, judicial, and/or economic issues and events. History Riverside County is not a place where there has been a lot of historic civil disturbance events of noticeable magnitude. There are locations within Riverside County where large public gatherings take place. These locations have the potential for unstable conditions, possibly affecting the ability of a jurisdiction in the County to provide sufficient lawenforcement and fire protective services. History of Significant Events:

June 1-20, 2020 – George Floyd Protest-protest against police brutality July 2020 – Roe v Wade protest 2017- Protest President Trump and rally for Woman’s Rights2016- Protest Donald Trump at UC Riverside and rallies supporting Donald Trump inTemecula

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 283 | Section52012 – Rallies against violent crimes at the Riverside Public Library and Union Strikes at Riverside County.
2011 – Protests 2004 - A demonstration at county administrative buildings that were part of a nationwide protest sponsored by the American Family Rights Association.

Risk Assessment During a Civil Unrest incident that affects Riverside County, there are certain criticalfacilities within the County that may be more at risk than others. These critical facilities include venues for musical concerts and sporting events, facilities where legal and illegal demonstrations are held, and any other facilities with events that attract large numbers of people. All of these situations create significant traffic congestion and the potential fordisruptive behavior.  Effects on people and housing. The effects of a Civil Unrest are varied and usually based on the type, severity, scope, and duration of the disturbance. Effects may include illegal assemblies, injuries, and even loss of life.  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Effects may include traffic congestion or gridlock, illegal assemblies, disruption of utility service, and property damage.  Effects on infrastructure.Effects may include traffic congestion or gridlock, disruption of utility service, and property damage.
 Effects on agriculture. Effects may include traffic congestion or gridlock, disruption of goods transportation services, and property damage.

Risk Assessment Conclusion The overall risk of civil unrest in Riverside County is low, however, this is based on the political community environment which can change drastically due to significant social or political events occurring worldwide. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Civil Unrest may lead to a fire, destruction of property, disruption of power, injury topersons, and even loss of life. The potential to affect public safety response to other public safety calls.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 284 | Section5

5.3.11 Drought Severity: 3 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Drought  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition A drought is a long period of extremely dry weather when there is not enough rain for the successful growing of crops or the replenishment of water supplies. Drought is a gradual phenomenon. Normally, one dry year does not constitute a drought in California but rather serves as a reminder of the need to plan for droughts. California's extensive system of water supply infrastructure (reservoirs, groundwater basins, andinterregional conveyance facilities) generally mitigates the effects of short-term dryperiods for most water users. Drought can have secondary impacts. For example, drought is a major determinant ofwildfire hazard, in that it creates greater propensity for fire starts and larger, moreprolonged conflagrations fueled by excessively dry vegetation, along with reduced water supply for firefighting purposes. Drought is also an economic hazard. Significanteconomic impacts on California’s agriculture industry can occur as a result of short- and long-term drought conditions; these include hardships to farmers, farm workers, packers, and shippers of agricultural products. In some cases, droughts can also cause significant increases in food prices to the consumer due to shortages. Past experience with California droughts tells us that drought impacts are felt first by those most dependent on or affected by annual rainfall – agencies fighting forest fires, ranchers engaged in dryland grazing, rural residents relying on wells in low yield rock formations, or small water systems lacking a reliable water source. The driest single year in California's measured hydrologic history is 1977. 1977 was characterized as a "year with no water," but 2020-2021 was a "hotter year with no water," because of the combination of low precipitation with extremely hightemperatures.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 285 | Section5California Water Resources noted that the dry year is part of a larger California drought trend that has spanned the past three years. In May 2021, Governor Gavin Newsomexpanded the state's drought emergency to cover 30 percent of the population, citingextreme "water shortages." Climate scientists studying California weather patterns findthat drought conditions are likely to become more frequent and persistent over the 21st century due to climate change. The experiences of California during recent years underscore the need to examine more closely the state’s water storage, distribution, management, conservation, and use policies. California Water Conservation Efforts as of 2022: In April 2021, Governor Newsom signed an emergency proclamation directing stateagencies to take immediate action to bolster drought resilience across the state anddeclaring a State of Emergency in several counties due to severe drought conditions. In October 2021, following the second driest year on record and with near record low storage in California’s largest reservoirs, Governor Gavin Newsom issued a proclamationextending the drought emergency statewide and further urging Californians to step uptheir water conservation efforts as the western U.S. faces a potential third dry year. The proclamation requires local water suppliers to implement water shortage contingencyplans that are responsive to local conditions and prepare for the possibility of a third dry year. An executive order was signed in March 2022, the Governor ordered the State WaterResources Control Board (SWRCB) to evaluate the adoption of regulations banningirrigation of “non-functional” turf (or grass), such as decorative grass adjacent to largeindustrial and commercial buildings. The ban would not include residential lawns or grass used for recreation, such as school fields, sports fields, and parks. The Department ofWater Resources estimates this ban alone will result in potential water savings of several hundred thousand acre-feet. An acre-foot of water serves the needs of approximatelythree households for a year. To further conserve water and strengthen drought resiliency, Governor Newsom is encouraging suppliers, where appropriate, to consider going above and beyond the Level 2 of their water shortage contingency plans, activating moreambitious measures. The Governor has also ordered state agencies to submit funding proposals to support the state’s short- and long-term drought response, includingemergency assistance to communities and households facing drought-related watershortages, facilitating groundwater recharge and wastewater recycling, improvements in water use efficiency, protecting fish and wildlife, and minimizing drought-related economic disruption. Five levels of drought response are identified. These range from Level 1, representing an: Abnormally Dry period (calling for raising awareness), to Level 3, aSevere Drought (requiring mandatory conservation in some communities and emergency Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 286 | Section5 actions), to Level 5, an Exceptional Drought (water supplies may be cut off and maximum response). A Governor’s emergency drought proclamation may be initiated at Level 3.Drought can be defined according to meteorological, hydrological, or agricultural criteria. Meteorological drought is usually based on long-term precipitation departures fromnormal, but there is no consensus regarding the threshold of the deficit or the minimum duration of the lack of precipitation that makes a dry spell an official drought. Hydrological drought refers to deficiencies in surface and subsurface water supplies. It is measured as stream flow, as well as lake, reservoir, and ground water levels. Agricultural drought occurs when there is insufficient soil moisture to meet the needs of a particular crop at a particular time. A deficit of rainfall over cropped areas during critical periods of the growth cycle can result in destroyed or underdeveloped crops with greatly depleted yields. Agricultural drought is typically evident after meteorological drought but before a hydrological drought. Socioeconomic drought associates the supply and demand of economic goods orservices with elements of meteorological, hydrologic, and agricultural drought.Socioeconomic drought occurs when the demand for water exceeds the supply as a result of weather- related supply shortfall. This may also be called a water managementdrought. History Riverside County chronically experiences drought cycles. Drought causes stress on the County’s ability to provide water to the community. In addition, drought conditions cancause extensive weakening of trees in forested areas causing them to become highlyvulnerable to disease and insect infestation. Many trees have weakened and died, creating a severe fire hazard. Furthermore, wildland brush areas were dry, presentingwildfire risk.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 287 | Section5Figure 25: California’s drought level the month of November 2017-2020Figure 26: California’s drought level November 2021-2022 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 288 | Section5Drought Risk Assessment The Department of Water Resources produces a California Water Plan every five years that not only includes a statewide water budget but also regional watershed waterbudgets. These water budgets are based on California Department of Finance population projections and indicate clearly that demand for water will exceed supply in 2020 whether or not a drought condition exists at that time. The largest average-year shortages areforecasted for the South Coast Region, which heavily relies on imported water. Future average-year shortages in the South Coast Region reflect forecasted population growth plus lower Colorado River supplies as California reduces its use of Colorado River water to the State’s basic apportionment.Although a drought in and of itself is not a direct threat to property and life, the impact on the County's agricultural industry and home development can be monumental. The costs to the County for the current drought in terms of fire damage and forest managementhave been in the millions. This is a chronic problem for Riverside County and accounts for significant indirect costs, loss of property and threat to human life.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 289 | Section5Drought Hazards and the relationship to climate change: The OA contains numerous water agencies and municipal departments that supply water to customers from local and imported sources. From a local government standpoint, the mix of water agencies presents a challenge to implementing jurisdictional waterconservation strategies, as some jurisdictions have multiple providers within theirboundaries, and some water suppliers function as sub-agencies to others. EasternMunicipal Water District (EMWD) and Western Municipal Water District (WMWD), which account for the majority of residential and commercial water accounts in the subregion, import roughly 75 percent of their water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay Delta via the State Water Project and from the Colorado River (EMWD 2011; WMWD 2011). The imported sources rely on winter snowpack to deliver supplies year-round. Other parts of the subregion depend on groundwater resources. Aquifer recharge occurs when localrainwater percolates through the ground. Most of the imported water used in the WRCOG subregion comes from the Sierra Nevada range. Reduced winter precipitation levels and warmer temperatures have greatlydecreased the size of the Sierra Nevada snowpack (the volume of accumulated snow), which in turn makes less fresh water available for communities throughout California. An example of this change can be seen in the figure below, which shows historic andprojected April snow water equivalence from 1950 to 2099. Source: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-Riverside-Adaptationand-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-Assessment As seen in Figure 38, Climate Change can greatly impact the polarization of extreme wet and dry intermittent periods. When comparing November 2022 data with January 2023 data, clear distinctive extreme periods of drought or extreme weather in the form of storms can be seen and potentially can occur more frequently.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 290 | Section5 Figure 27: April Snow Water Equivalence in the Southern Sierra 1950-2099 Source: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-Riverside-Adaptationand-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-Assessment  Effects on people and housing. The effects of a Drought are varied and usually based on the duration of the disturbance. Effects may impact the general public in the form of water conservation measures mandated by jurisdictions withconstrained water availability. The general public’s confidence in jurisdictionalgovernance during a drought emergency would be minimal. Drought can alsocause long-term public health problems, including shortages of drinking water and poor-quality drinking water. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/drought/implications.htm#:~:text=Drought%20can%20 also%20cause%20long,mosquitoes%20breeding%20in%20stagnant%20water  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Effects may include limitation and increase regulation of water use. The impact to structures is minimal.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 291 | Section5  Effects on infrastructure.Effects may include demand on interagency cooperation between water providers.
 Effects on agriculture & the environment. Effects may include limitation of water available for farming purposes which could impact the general tax revenue being received by jurisdictions. The environment could also have large scale impacts from extended drought periods leading to potential death of flora and fauna not acclimated to extreme drought conditions.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Drought can increase the severity of other hazards. For example, drought can lead to an increase in dead vegetation when can increase fire hazards. It can also lead to increased insect infestations.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 292 | Section5 Figure 28: U.S Drought Monitor – California Compared - November 2022 andJanuary 2023

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 293 | Section5Figure 28 continuedSource: https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 294 | Section55.3.12 Nuclear/Radiological Incident Severity: 5 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Nuclear Incidents  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition Radiological Accidents Radioactive materials are routinely transported in California. These materials include the medical and industrial sources described below, as well as wastes that have radioactive components. Many of the radioactive waste shipments come from research and cleanup efforts at national laboratories. Radiological accidents that result in the release of radioactive materials may result inlong-term health risks and contamination of the state resources, including air, watersupply, groundwater, and agricultural lands. Profiling Radiological Accident HazardsDue to strict regulation of nuclear power plants in the United States, significant nuclear power incidents that can cause harm to the public have a low probability of occurrence, and none have occurred in California. Even though the probability of a catastrophic event involving a nuclear power plant is extremely low and these plants are extremely wellprotected, the consequences of a severe accident or a successful terrorist attack on a nuclear power plant that results in a release of radioactive materials could be verysignificant. State and local governments having jurisdiction within ten miles of an operating nuclear power plant must plan, train, and conduct emergency exercises annually in accordance with federal regulations. Detailed emergency plans are maintained by each affectedagency. Four Emergency Classification Levels (ECLs) have been established in federal regulations to characterize the severity of the emergency and the response actionsrequired. The ECLs must be used as the foundation for emergency response planning, training and exercises.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 295 | Section5Planning Zones A series of zones have been established around each nuclear power plant to clearlyidentify the required activities in the event of an accident. Although three specific zones are identified, efforts to protect public health and safety and the environment are made without regard to whether these areas are inside or outside of these zones: 2 The Emergency Planning Zone is an approximate 10-mile radius around the plants.

Plans for this zone are in place to protect people, property, and the environment from the effects of exposure to a radioactively contaminated plume. 3 The Ingestion Pathway Zone covers an approximate 50-mile radius around the plant.

In this zone, plans are in place to mitigate the effects of radioactive contamination to agriculture, and food processing and distribution.

Two general situations that could affect Riverside County are:
 A situation involving nuclear weapons, which is discussed in the Terrorism section of this MJLHMP (Section 5.3.7)
 A situation involving the transportation of nuclear materials As will be discussed in the Terrorism section of this LHMP, the possibility exists that a terrorist organization might acquire the capability of creating a small nuclear detonation. A single nuclear detonation in the United States would likely produce fallout affecting an area many times greater than that of the blast itself. There is also the possibility that a terrorist will construct a “dirty bomb”, a bomb that is used to distribute nuclearcontaminated materials. It would have less of an effect than a “traditional” nuclear bomb, but the terror effect on the population would be great. A nuclear incident could be initiated by a transportation emergency, either accidental or intentional. See the Transportation Emergencies section of this LHMP (Section 5.3.14). SONGS is located on the Pacific Coast in northwestern San Diego County, approximately 4 miles southeast of the City of San Clemente. Surrounding San Onofre is a BasicEmergency Planning Zone, approximately 10 miles in radius within which certainprecautionary actions must be taken and specific precautionary plans must be prepared. This zone does not include any portion of Riverside County. Beyond this zone is an area that could be affected by radioactive fallout being deposited in such a manner as todetrimentally affect the human food chain, which includes all of Riverside County. This area is identified as the Ingestion Pathway Zone. Specifically, the primary threat is that of Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 296 | Section5 radioactive iodine 131 being deposited upon fodder consumed by dairy cows andsubsequently appearing in milk in the public marketplace. History of Events Riverside County has not experienced a nuclear accident. Risk Assessment Transportation of nuclear and/or irradiated materials is of growing concern.

A severe
transportation incident could require the evacuation of a large number of people, major rerouting of traffic systems, and an expensive decontamination process for the areainvolved. Ancillary problems associated with such an incident are discussed in thesections of this LHMP dealing with Hazardous Materials and with TransportationIncidents.Radiological Waste Transportation Since 1989, the staff of the Energy Commission has represented California on twowestern state groups: the Western Governors' Association WIPP Transportation Advisory Group and the Western Interstate Energy Board's High-Level Radioactive WasteCommittee. Both groups work with the U.S. Department of Energy and other stateregional groups to develop accident prevention and emergency response plans for major federal non-classified shipments of radioactive waste. Staff also coordinates theCalifornia Nuclear Transport Working Group that develops and updates accidentprevention and emergency response plans for federal shipments of transuranic waste to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. To mitigate disaster, federal regulations require that:
 radiological materials transported by train use special packaging based on the hazard of the shipment
 there are extensive worker training and documentation  vehicle and packages of radioactive materials are inspected  The waste travels via specific, controlled routes.

More information about radiological waste transportation can be found on Cal OES’sradiological transportation website.

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A detailed discussion of radiation hazards and their effects on humans along with adescription of the operation of a nuclear power generating facility and the hazards posed thereby are contained in the State of California Nuclear Power Plant EmergencyResponse Plan and in other documents. The State Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Response Plan assigns to the County ofRiverside responsibility for certain actions to protect the public and the environment within Riverside County from the effects of an accident. The plan also lists the support andassistance available from various State and Federal organizations.  Effects on people and housing. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating. An impact of an incident of thismagnitude could greatly impact the public’s confidence in jurisdictional governanceduring an incident.  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating.  Effects on infrastructure. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating.
 Effects on agriculture & environment. Depending on levels of radiation exposure, the effects could range from minimal to devastating.

Risk Assessment Conclusion The nearest plant to Riverside County is San Onofre, which is a three-tower facility in San Diego County. In 1992 the site retired Tower 1. Towers 2 and 3 remained operational until 2012. In March of 2015 SoCal Edison was granted permission to decommission towers 2 and 3 and permanently close the site. The estimated date for full closure of the power plan is December 31, 2031. The County is far enough away from nuclear power plants that cataclysmic exposure is not likely. There is the possibility of Riverside County being used as a major evacuation route from a nuclear plant accident. This would tax the County’s response resources. The radiation from an accident would, of course, negatively affect the area. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Cascading effects of a nuclear incident could include contaminated water, air, and soil. It could also impact first responders and the 911 system.

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5.3.13 Extreme Weather Severity: 3 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Extreme Weather  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition
Extreme weather hazards in Riverside County include:
 Extreme Heat Severe Cold Wind Event  Fog Event  Agricultural Event Climate Change can impact weather patterns within the County. Climate changes can increase or change effects of weather. Some changes may include reduced water supply, increased temperatures, decreased precipitation and increased wildfire risks. The National Climate Data Center (NCDC) receives Storm Data from the NationalWeather Service. The National Weather service receives their information from a variety of sources, which include but are not limited to county, state and federal emergencymanagement officials, local law enforcement officials, SKYWARN spotters, NWS damage surveys, newspaper clipping services, the insurance industry and the general public. Storm Data Disclaimer: Storm Data is an official publication of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) which documents the occurrence of storms and other significant weather phenomena having sufficient intensity to cause loss of life, injuries, significant property damage, and/or disruption to commerce. In addition, it is a partial record of other significant meteorological events, such as record maximum or minimum temperatures or precipitation that occurs in connection with another event. Some information appearing in Storm Data may be provided by or gathered from sources outside the National Weather Service (NWS), such as the media, law enforcement and/or other government agencies,

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private companies, individuals, etc. An effort is made to use the best available information but due to time/resource constraints, information from these sources may be unverified by the NWS. Therefore, when using information from Storm Data, customers should be cautious as the NWS does not guarantee the accuracy or validity of the information. Table 44: Storm Data (4/30/1950 to 8/31/2022) Type # of Events Property Loss Crop Loss Deaths Injuries Drought 26 N/A N/A N/A N/ADust Storm 41 645 K 100 K 0 77Flood 355 195.463 M 5.217 M 8 31Fog 27 25K 0 0 21Funnel Cloud 26 0 0 0 0 Hail 30 131.5 K 10 K 0 2High Winds 410 66.186 M 36.716 M 8 71Lightning 37 279.5 K 17.1K 1 6Precipitation 25 40.400 M 0 0 26Snow and Ice 67 1.426 M 0 4 102Strong Winds 53 3.115 M 47 K 1 2Temp Extremes 25 1.330 M 1.175 M 31 39Thunderstorm Winds 154 13.480 M 16 K 0 0 Tornado 26 21.537 M 0 0 4Wild and Forest Fire 201 209.322 M 1.247 M 1 131Totals 1,329 2.229 B 174.429 M 53 507 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 300 | Section5Note: Figures in the chart above were gathered from NOAA’s Storm Event Database and may not be a complete listing of previous hazard occurrences. Riverside County's weather has a history of extremes. There are essentially three weather regions in the County, each with its own type of weather and each with a different impact on the County. In some cases, the high temperatures in the desert are harmful to thepublic, but beneficial to agriculture. In other cases, a steady rainfall that raises the water table can be good for the County, yet too much rain will cause flooding and a disruption in the production of agricultural goods. Average Climates across the County The Weather Tables display the average climate for several areas across the County of Riverside. The cities included are Riverside, Idyllwild and Blythe. These cover the Desert, Mountain, and Valley Regions, and are clear examples of the weather extremes within the county.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 301 | Section5Table 45: Riverside Climate Source: http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/riverside/california/united-states/usca1695 Table 46: Idyllwild Climate
Source: http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/idyllwild/california/united-states/usca0506 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 302 | Section5Table 47: Blythe Climate Source: http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/blythe/california/united-states/usca05065.3.13.1 Extreme Heat Overview Extreme heat can be described as overly hot temperatures that are sustained to the extent that human and animal overexposure can cause heat illness and death. Heat illness is a major cause of preventable morbidity in regions characterized by highambient temperatures. Riverside County has a wide range of temperatures, from freezing in some areasduring the winter months to extremely hot temperatures for long periods of time during the summer in the deserts and other areas. Impacts happen almost annually. InSeptember 2022, Riverside County and several other counties were threatened byrolling power outages during a period of high temperatures. The State HazardMitigation Plan addresses the issue of Extreme Heat Hazards, and this information has been included in this LHMP. The figure on the next page illustrates the Heat Index (HI) as a function of heat and relative humidity. The Heat Index describes how hot the heat-humidity combination makes the air feel. As relative humidity increases, the air seems warmer than it isbecause the body is less able to cool itself via evaporation of perspiration. As the Heat Index rises, so do health risks.

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Specifically:
• When the Heat Index is 90°F, heat exhaustion is possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity.
• When it is 90° to 105°F, heat exhaustion is probable with the possibility of sunstroke or heat cramps with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. • When it is 105° to 129°F, sunstroke, heat cramps or heat exhaustion is likely, and heatstroke is possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. • When it is 130°F and higher, heatstroke and sunstroke are extremely likely with continued exposure. Physical activity and prolonged exposure to the heatincrease the risks.

Table 48: The National Weather Service (NWS) Heat Index Source: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/heat/heat_index.shtmlThe National Weather Service (NWS) will initiate its Heat Index Program Alert procedures when the high temperature is expected to exceed 105° to 110° (depending on local climate) for at least two consecutive days.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 304 | Section5 Extreme Heat and Climate Change Climate change is expected to increase overall global temperatures (IPCC 2013). The subregion will experience this increase in average annual heat in a variety of ways, including an increased number of extreme heat days and heat waves, warmer summer evenings, and warmer average annual temperatures (CEC 2013). In addition to the direct physical threat posed by extreme heat, elevated temperatures impose air quality hazards and can increase the rate of ground-level ozone (smog) formation (EPA2013). The number of extreme heat days is projected to rise through 2050, where the average year could include 15 extreme heat dates, and 30 extreme heat days per year by 2099 (CEC 2019).

Figure 29: Historic and Projected Extreme Heat Days, 1950 to 2099 Additional data from the Cal-Adapt database also helps to further this profile ofpotential increasing number of heat days by showing the annual maximumtemperatures for riverside will continue to increase. See figure below for a trend ofincrease. Source: https://wrcog.us/DocumentCenter/View/7478/Western-Riverside-Adaptationand-Resiliency-Strategy_Vulnerability-Assessment

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 305 | Section5Figure 30: Average Annual Maximum Temperatures in Riverside County Source: https://cal-adapt.org/tools/local-climate-change-snapshot/ Profiling Extreme Heat Hazards (from the 2018 SHMP)
Heat waves do not cause damage or elicit the immediate response that floods, fires, earthquakes, and other disasters do. For example, the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake resulted in 63 deaths while the 1992 Northridge Earthquake was responsible for the loss of 55 lives. The catastrophic 2003 Southern California Firestorms resulted in 24 deaths. Heat waves, however, can be detrimental and have claimed many lives incomparison to other disasters. According to the 2018 SHMP, the worst single heat wave event in California occurred in Southern California in 1955, when an eight-day heat wave is said to have resulted in 946 deaths. The 2018 SHMP also states that the July 2006 heat wave in California caused the deaths of at least 650 people over a 13- Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 306 | Section5
day period. Accordingly, to recent data, from 2000 to 2019 there have been 1,241fatalities related to extreme heat events within California. Source: https://www.trackingcalifornia.org/heat-related-illness/heat-related-deathssummary-tablesSource: https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/002-2018-SHMP_FINAL_ENTIRE-PLAN.pdfAdditional sources such as the National Risk Index (NRI), provide additional profile details such as a hazard risk index for Heat Waves. Riverside County has a risk index of relatively high, measuring 21.47 out of 100.00 and is profiled as the fourth highest hazard within the available NRI hazard list. It also provides some additional potential expectations for annual loss within the OA. The estimation shows a total annual value of $815,258 with a majority being tied to agricultural values and an annual frequency value of 8.6 events per year. The California Climate Adaptation Strategy (CAS), citing a California EnergyCommission study, states that “over the past 15 years, heat waves have claimed more lives in California than all other declared disaster events combined.” Despite this history, however, not a single heat emergency was formally proclaimed at the state level or declared as a federal disaster between 1960 and 2008. California is on the frontlines of the climate crisis. To combat this all levels of government are taking steps to address climate changed. In 2021, CAS updated a statewide strategy to adapt to the impacts of climate change. The updates include:  Organization of the state’s climate adaptation efforts around six outcome-based resilience priorities and increases our ability to measure progress. These priorities reflect and reinforce regional climate resilience priorities; were developed through robust public engagement and in consultation with California Native Americantribes; and specify timeframes and metrics to drive progress and enableaccountability.  Breaking down silos and unifies collective climate adaptation efforts across all sectors and regions. An outcome-based approach sets strategic direction,supports coordinated, integrated efforts, recognizes how climate adaptation isimplemented on the ground, and reflects our commitment to integrating climateresilience into the work of all state agencies.  Make it easier for Californians to understand and contribute to California’s climate resilience agenda. Presented as an interactive website, the Strategy provides acentral hub for information on the state’s climate resilience actions. The website

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Treating Heat as a “Legitimate Disaster” (from the 2018 SHMP) Historic losses due to extreme heat events raise several issues. First, since theprimary goal of the SHMP is to significantly reduce the loss of life and injuries inCalifornia, heat is considered a legitimate disaster type. The number of people killed by extreme heat underscores the importance of mitigating its impacts. Second, heat events highlight the importance of thoughtful social vulnerability analyses. Whilechanges to the built environment can greatly alter vulnerability to different hazards, social vulnerability and resiliency are especially important during heat events. Forexample, socially isolated elderly persons are especially vulnerable. Any mitigationefforts aimed at reducing heat losses will focus on ways to reduce social isolation, as well as changes to the built environment. Third, heat events illustrate how seemingly unrelated phenomena combine to create disaster. For example, the increased use of air conditioners during heat waves can lead to power outages, which makes extreme heat events even more deadly. Upgrading water and power infrastructure, then, is a form of extreme heat disaster mitigation. Situational and physical characteristics help to identify vulnerable populations that may not comfortably or safely gain access to and use disaster resources. Specifically, when discussing heat-related emergencypreparedness, the following groups could be considered vulnerable or at greater risk in a heat emergency:
 People with a developmental/intellectual disability, i.e., a severe and chronic disability that is attributable to amental or physical impairment that begins before an individual reaches adulthood. These disabilities include cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and autism.
 People who are blind or have low vision.  People who are deaf or hard of hearing.  People with limited mobility.  People with injuries from auto accidents, falls, sports, and/or war. These injuries can cause damage to the brain, spinal cord, hearing, and sight, andlimit mobility.  People with chronic conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, dialysis, asthma, and epilepsy.
 Older adults who have age-related limitations (e.g., slow movement, sight, and hearing limitations, etc.).
 Children who may be dependent on others, not only for care, but for decisionmaking. Because children process information and trauma differently than Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 308 | Section5 adults, they may be unable to articulate their needs and, may decompensate faster than adults. They are also generally more susceptible to thirst, hunger, and temperature than adults.

Animals, including domestic pets, livestock, and poultry, are also susceptible to extreme heat. For example, dogs and cats are in danger of heat stroke in temperatures of 110°F. The heat wave of 2006 resulted in 15 reported pet deaths and more than 25,000 cattle and 700,000 fowl heat-related deaths. Heat wave impacts on livestock can lead to financial losses in California’s agricultural economy. Source: https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/002-2018- SHMP_FINAL_ENTIRE-PLAN.pdf

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Table 49: 1991 - 2020 Heat Deaths in California
< 1 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-44 45-64 65-84 85+ Total 1991 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 5 5 0 17 1992 0 0 0 1 2 0 8 3 2 1 17 1993 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 6 0 12 1994 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 9 0 23 1995 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 5 3 2 17 1996 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 8 7 0 21 1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 1 7 1998 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 2 0 9 1999 0 2 0 0 0 0 5 3 8 1 19 2000 2 0 1 0 0 2 10 9 8 3 35 2001 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 8 4 1 19 2002 2 1 0 0 0 1 12 4 3 1 24 2003 1 0 0 0 1 3 12 6 6 0 29 2004 1 2 0 0 0 1 9 8 6 1 28 2005 0 1 1 2 0 2 13 7 5 5 36 2006 1 0 0 0 0 3 22 48 38 10 122 2007 2 1 0 0 2 2 14 13 4 4 42 2008 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 15 3 4 29 2009 1 0 0 0 1 2 8 15 7 5 39 2010 1 0 0 0 1 1 5 9 4 1 22 2011 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 8 4 1 17 2012 0 0 0 0 1 2 17 13 7 4 44 2013 1 0 0 1 2 2 10 14 11 2 43 2014 2 2 1 0 4 1 3 11 6 4 34 2015 2 2 0 0 1 4 5 16 7 2 39 2016 1 0 0 0 1 1 10 14 16 2 45 2017 0 1 0 0 0 1 9 21 22 8 62 2018 1 1 0 0 0 3 6 26 13 3 53 2019 0 1 0 0 0 2 9 6 10 1 29 2020 0 2 0 1 4 4 24 22 17 4 78 Total 18 21 3 5 21 44 253 329 246 71 1,011
*Current as of November 2022 Source: CDPH Vital Statistics Death Statistical Master FilesPrepared by: California Department of Public Health, Injury and Violence Prevention Branch Report generated from http://epicenter.cdph.ca.gov on: November 07, 2022 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 310 | Section55.3.13.2 Severe Cold Overview Riverside County generally experiences a Mediterranean or Desert climate. Whentemperatures suddenly drop, it can potentially lead to loss of life in humans andlivestock, as well as severely damage crops. The NRI classifies Winter Weather forRiverside County as a relatively low risk hazard scoring 9.26 out of 100.00 on the risk index with an annualized frequency value of 1 event occurring per year. When temperatures drop below freezing that is the most dangerous time for crops.When water freezes it expands, this effect causes damage to a plants structure andmay cause it to die. Identifying Freeze Hazards (2018 SHMP) Sustained temperatures below freezing in California’s generally mild weather regions can cause life loss and health risks to vulnerable populations. Although infrequent,freezes can severely affect California agriculture. Freezing temperatures occurring during winter and spring growing seasons can cause extensive crop damage. Secondary impacts of freeze disasters can include major economic impacts on farmers, farm workers, packers, and shippers of agricultural products. Freezes can also cause significant increases in food prices to the consumer due to shortages. Freezing spells are likely to become less frequent in California as climate temperatures increase. If emissions follow higher pathways, freezing events could occur only once per decade in a sizable portion of the state by the second half of the 21st century. While fewer freezing spells would decrease cold-related health effects, too few freezes could lead to increased incidence of disease as vectors and pathogens do not die off (CNRA 2009). Climate Change and Severe Cold Similar to other severe weather profiles when discussing climate change impacts, we can see an increase in events of extreme cold periods below freezing and variance of events. While the global average temperature is rising, the increase in variance means that extreme events at the lower end of the historic temperature range remain apossibility. Freezing temperatures can disrupt agricultural productivity, as someproducts are sensitive to freezing temperatures.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 311 | Section5History of Events: Riverside County has experienced Declared Freeze Disasters such as the1993 Winter Storms, the 1995 Winter Storms and the 1998 El Nino Winter Storms. They are also referenced in the 2018 SHMP table identified below. Map 30: State and Federal Declared Freeze Disasters, 1950- February 2017 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 312 | Section55.3.13.3 Wind Event Overview Windstorms are a hazard for many of the participating jurisdictions. Santa Ana Winds have caused large amounts of damage and increased the fire damage level dramatically. Santa Ana Winds are generally defined as warm, dry winds that blow from the east or northeast (offshore). These winds occur below the passes and canyons of the coastal ranges of Southern California and in the Los Angeles basin. Santa Ana winds often blow with exceptional speed in the Santa Ana Canyon (the canyon from which it derives its name). Forecasters at the NWS in Oxnard and San Diego usually place speed minimums on these winds and reserve the use of "Santa Ana" for winds greater than 25 knots. The complex topography of Southern California combined with various atmosphericconditions creates numerous scenarios that may cause widespread or isolated Santa Ana events. Commonly, Santa Ana winds develop when a region of high pressure builds over the Great Basin (the high plateau east of the Sierra Mountains and west of theRocky Mountains including most of Nevada and Utah). The clockwise circulation around the center of this high-pressure area forces air downslope from the high plateau. The air warms as it descends toward the California coast at the rate of 5 degrees F per 1000 feet due to compressional heating. Thus, compressional heating provides the primary source of warming. The air is dry since it originated in the desert, and it dries out even more as it is heated. Santa Ana winds commonly occur between October and February with Decemberhaving the highest frequency of events. Summer events are rare. Wind speeds aretypically north to east at 35 knots through and below passes and canyons with gusts to 50 knots. Stronger Santa Ana winds can have gusts greater than 60 knots overwidespread areas and gusts greater than 100 knots in favored areas. Frequently, the strongest winds in the basin occur during the night and morning hours due to theabsence of a sea breeze. The sea breeze which typically blows onshore daily canmoderate the Santa Ana winds during the late morning and afternoon hours. The following maps and photos show the direction of the Santa Ana winds as they travel from the stable, high-pressure weather system called the Great Basin High through the canyons and towards the low-pressure system off the Pacific. Riverside County is in the direct path of the ocean-bound Santa Ana winds.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 313 | Section5Map 31: Direction of Santa Ana Wind Patterns Source: http://www.theweatherprediction.com/weatherpapers/049/ Risk Assessment The Santa Ana Winds pose several different types of threats.

1. By themselves, the winds pose a threat to the health of the people and to structures in the County.
a. Health risks relate primarily to breathing problems caused by the blowing dust and plant pollen.
b. Structural issues relating to the winds range from roofs being blown off to trees falling onto buildings.

2. The winds increase the threat and/or severity of fires in the urban areas Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 314 | Section5 a. Wind-blown flames will spread more rapidly when pushed by high Santa Ana Winds.

3. Santa Ana Winds dry out brush and forest areas and increase the speed of a fire. 4. Santa Ana Winds cause power lines to arc, resulting in fires 5. Santa Ana Winds can either cause trees to fall on power lines or power lines to break, causing power outages.

6. Santa Ana Winds can also cause Public Safety Power Shutoffs initialized by utility providers to mitigate the potential of wildfires caused by utility companyinfrastructure.

Wind Erosion Soil erosion is also a natural on-going process that transports, erodes and displaces soil particles through a transport mechanism, such as flowing water or the wind. Loose texture and steep slopes primarily result in high wind erosion potential in soils. Wind erosion is most severe in arid regions, where sandy or loamy sediments are unvegetated and exposed to severe wind conditions. In addition to the problems caused by the Santa Ana Winds, wind erosion is a serious environmental problem attracting global attention. Soil movement is initiated as a result of wind forces exerted against the surface of the ground. Dust particles in the air create major health problems. Atmospheric dust causes respiratory discomfort, may carrypathogens that cause eye infections and skin disorders and reduces highway and air traffic visibility. Dust storms can cause additional problems. Buildings, fences, roads, crops, trees, and shrubs can all be damaged by abrasive blowing soil. The wind and wind-blown sand are an environmentally limiting factor throughout much of Riverside County. Approximately 20 percent of the land area of Riverside County is vulnerable to "high" and "very high" wind erosion susceptibility. The Coachella Valley, the Santa Ana River Channel in northwestern Riverside County, and areas in andaround the Cities of Hemet and San Jacinto are zones of high wind erosionsusceptibility. Human intervention can accelerate the natural erosion process. Forinstance, typical consequences of development increase erosion potential from theremoval of vegetative cover and reduction of overall permeable area. These activities can lead to increased water runoff rates and concentrated flows that have greaterpotential to erode exposed soils. The effects of excessive erosion range from nuisance

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 315 | Section5 problems that require additional maintenance, such as increased siltation in stormdrains, to instances of more severe damage, where water courses are down cut, and gullies develop. These processes can eventually undermine adjacent structures ortopography. Human activities that disturb soils in arid regions increase wind erosionpotential. Many of the desert areas are also susceptible to blowing sand, a severe form of wind erosion that damages property and accumulates soil on roadways. The majority of the soils within the district exhibit moderate to high erosion potential, which can be compounded by development. Wind and wind-blown sand are an environmentally limiting factor throughout much of Riverside County. Approximately 20 percent of the land area of Riverside County is vulnerable to “high” and “very high” wind erosion susceptibility. The Coachella Valley, the Santa Ana River Channel in northwestern Riverside County, and areas in and around the cities of Hemet and San Jacinto are zones of high wind erosion susceptibility. Wind-blown sand is a well-recognized hazard for developments in the Coachella Valley. It has forced abandonment of dwellings and subdivided tracts in the central Coachella Valley. Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2019/elements/Ch06_Safety_080619.p df#page=33&zoom=100,93,169
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 316 | Section5Map 32: Riverside County Wind Erosion Map Source: https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2019/elements/Ch06_Safety_080619.pdf

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 317 | Section55.3.13.4 Fog Event OverviewFog forms from air being cooled to the point where it can no longer hold all of the water vapor it contains. For example, rain can cool and moisten the air near the surface until fog forms.

A cloud-free, humid air mass at night can lead to fog
formation, where land and water surfaces that have warmed up during thesummer are still evaporating water into the atmosphere. This is called radiation fog. A warm moist air mass blowing over a cold surface also can cause fog to form, called advection fog. Fog can have a devastating effect on transportation. Nighttime driving in the fog is dangerous and multi-car pileups have resulted from drivers using excessive speed for the conditions and visibility. Fog contributes to transportation accidents and is a life safety hazard. These accidents can cause multiple injuries anddeaths and could have serious implications for human health and theenvironment if a hazardous or nuclear waste shipment were involved. Dense fog may also delay emergency response vehicles. This hazard does not occur regularly but has had an impact on the highwayswithin the OA.

5.3.13.5 Agricultural Event
Overview Agriculture in Riverside County must be considered from two standpoints,namely, both as a product producer/exporter and a major economic provider to the County of Riverside. According to the Riverside County AgriculturalCommissioner’s Office Production Report, in 2020, Riverside County ranked in the top fourteen leading agricultural counties in California, with an agriculturalproduction value of over $1.32 billion. Major agricultural industries include milk, nursery products, citrus and avocado, table grapes, vegetables, and dates. Riverside County can be evaluated by two areas: Western Riversideencompassing Riverside, Corona, San Jacinto and Temecula Valley areas and Eastern Riverside encompassing the Coachella Valley and Palo Verde Valley. Eastern Riverside - Coachella Valley & Palo Verde Valley Agriculture is the second largest industry in the Desert Valleys and is primarily crop- related. The annual 2020 report shows these two districts agricultural crops Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 318 | Section5 are valued at around $900 million and the Coachella Valley is seen as the second largest agricultural region in the state. Over 60 percent of Riverside County's crop production is grown in the Coachella and Palo Verde Valleys. In addition to crop production, many supporting industries, such as packing and distribution, arelocated in the desert area. The Coachella Valley produces 95 percent of all dates grown in the United States and the annual fruit crop exceeds 40 million pounds. The Desert’s list of agriculture-related products includes:
 Vegetable & Melon Crops (Bell Peppers, Lettuce, Corn, Watermelon, etc.)  Nursery Stock  Turf/Sod Producers  Field Crops (Hay, Cotton, Wheat, etc.)  Citrus  Tree & Vine Crops (Table Grapes, Dates) Western Riverside County (WR) Agriculture in the Western Riverside County region is an ever-changing industry. With the large increase in housing in this area of the County over the past few years, there has been a reduction of several agriculture-related industries. This reduction is primarily in the poultry and dairy industries. The Western Riverside County list of agriculture-related products includes:
 Dairy Cattle  Nursery Stock  Beef Cattle  Poultry and Eggs  Citrus Crops  Tree and Vine Crops (Avocado, Wine Grapes)  Field Crops (Wheat, Hay, Green Chop)  Vegetable Crops (Potatoes, etc.)  Fish Hatcheries (for domestic and international distribution) The Riverside County Agricultural Commission, Agriculture Projection Reportlisted the following as the Top commodities in 2020.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 319 | Section5
Figure 31: Top Commodities
Source: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/e4a55c77740c47bdabd6170a3914d583 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 320 | Section5
History
Table 50: Agriculture-related disasters in Riverside County Riverside County Agriculture Disasters
Year Disaster Commodity Damages Region
1979-80 Wind Avocado and Citrus
C
$40,000.00
1979-80
Rain/Floods (El Nino)
Olive Trees (4,200) $319,494.00 WR.
1979-80 Rain/Floods Sugar beets, Barley &
Alf lf
$182,711.00 WR.
1979-80
Rain/Floods Potato Crop $2,000,000.00 WR.
1979-80 Rain/Floods Dairy and Livestock $211,900.00 WR. 1982-1983 Rain/Floods (El Nino)
All agriculture Countywide
1990 *
Insect InfestationMed- fly Fruit Countywide
1990-91
Freezing temperatures
Citrus, avocados,
t bl
$15,450,000.00 Countywide
1990-91
Drought WR
1991
Insect Infestationwhite fly
Melons, squash,
cucumbers,
WR, Desert
1992-93
Rain/Flood
1993-94
Insect InfestationMed- Fly Fruit WR
1996 Plant disease- Karnel Blunt Wheat WR/Blythe 1997-98 Rain/Flood (El Nino) Wheat $167,000.00 WR
1997-98
Rain/Flood (El Nino)
Livestock & Dairy $4,100,000.00 WR

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 321 | Section5 1999 Freezing temperatures Citrus $1,630,000.00 Countywide 1999-2002 * Insect spread disease - (Pierce’s Disease)
Wine Grapes $16,000,000.00 WR
2001-July *
Rain/FloodsDesert Storm Misc. land & irrigation damage ~ $1,000,000.00 CV 2002-2003 Drought
Dairy farms, dry land crops, etc.

Countywide
2002 High Winds/Freeze Avocado & Citrus Crops $8,586,000.00 WR2002-03 Animal Disease-END
Poultry -300,000 birds in So. Calif.

WR
2003-04 Wildfire Nursery, various WR2004-05
Severe Storms –
Excessive Moisture
All
Agricultural Commodities
Countywide
2005
Severe Storms –
Excessive Moisture
All
Agricultural Commodities
Countywide
2006 Excessive
H
Livestock WR
2007 Winter Storms All Agricultural
C diti
Countywide
2007 Wildfires Avocados WR 2007
Below Normal Temperatures, Winter Storms
All Agricultural Commodities
Countywide
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 322 | Section5 2007 Hail All Agricultural
C diti
Countywide
2007 Drought Grain Crops, Livestock $3.8 Million + WR2008 Wildfires All Agricultural C diti
WR
2009 Drought Grain Crops, Livestock $5.0 Million + WR2010 Earthquake Agricultural Buildings Coachella Valley 2010 Winter Storms – Flooding,
Debris Flow,
Mud Flows
All Agricultural Commodities
Countywide
2013-2016 Drought
Crops damaged due to stressed water supplies
County
Wide
*Denotes a locally declared disaster Risk Assessment When considering Agriculture, the County factored in both crops andanimals/livestock. Both groups have a three-day window before serious damages occur (aside from physical damages that may happen due to earthquake orfloods). Animals Most beef and dairy ranches, chicken ranches, swine farms, and otheragricultural animal facilities usually only have a 2-to-3-day supply of feed on-site. Most of the large feed providers in the County do not have more than a 3-to-5-day supply. Restocking of feed supplies is done primarily by rail to the feedproviders and then by truck to the local ranches. In addition to providing feed for the animals, the impact on the dairy farms would be immense. The time factor for the dairy farms would be almost immediate. Not being able to move milk to the milk house was a major concern. Dairy cows must be milked and without the ability to transport the milk off property, that milk must

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 323 | Section5 be disposed of in some way so as not to contaminate the soil or create a positive host for insects. Crops Although many crops are time sensitive and there is a limited amount of storage space in local packing houses, transportation issues vary based on the time of year and crop season. Water Related HazardsMany crops are not as water dependent as animals are, though some groundand vine crops have a very short lifespan without an adequate supply. Short-term water supplies can be provided to animals using water trucks; however, water trucks cannot support large crop areas with an adequate level of water. Water-related issues included:

1. Local water supply (wells, holding ponds, etc.) contamination occurring either naturally or from human causes

2. Loss of water supply due to pipeline or aqueduct damage from an earthquake.

Hazmat Incidents – On-Property and Off-Property The definition for an On-Property Hazmat incident relates to the improper use of chemicals, crop-dusting accidents or errors, accidental chemical spills into theground, and other similar incidents. Off-Property Hazmat events relate to thetypical transportation Hazmat incident. Both groups (animal-related and croprelated) were very concerned about the impact of an On-Property event. There was a higher level of concern about the impact of an Off-Property event foranimals than for crops. Both groups rated the probability of either type of event occurring as low. Transportation Events Transportation events were listed as either short-term (less than 3 days) or longterm (over 3 days) and included:

1. Railroad accidents interrupting the delivery of products into the County; Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 324 | Section5

2. Railroad accidents interrupting the movement of products out of the County;

3. A railroad or trucking strike; and 4.

A disruption in transportation lines due to an earthquake, flood, fire, or another event.

Both animals and crops viewed the 3-day point as critical from both an economic and operational standpoint, with the crop group indicating that the 3-day window could be reduced based on whether it was picking season. Insect infestation and Disease to Crops and Vines There is an ever-changing potential for damage to local crops and vines fromdisease and insect infestation. The County has been attacked by a wide variety of pests, insects, and diseases, and because of the diversity of the types of crops in the County, maintaining a pro-active approach has been difficult. Studies and history show that should there be a disease outbreak or contamination ofcrops/vines, the economic impact would be enormous. Recent events in otherstates have shown the potential for bans on importation of cattle/dairy products from affected states. One of the primary concerns of the producers in the County is the illegal oruninspected importation of plants into this region. The majority of insect, pest,and disease issues in the County can be attributed to this problem.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 325 | Section5Table 51: Primary Crop-related Insect Infestations for Riverside County The table below shows the primary crop-related insect infestations in the County over the past twenty years:

NAME AFRICANIZED HONEYBEE BARK BEETLE CITRUS LEAFMINER GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER GYPSY MOTH HONEYBEE TRACHEAL MITE JAPANESE BEETLE LESSER SNOW SCALE MAGNOLIA WHITE SCALE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY PIERCE'S DISEASE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT STING NEMATODE TROPICAL PALM SCALE VARROA MITE/HONEYBEE ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY POLYPHAGOUS SHOT-HOLE BORER Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 326 | Section5Figure 32: 2020 Pest Interceptions Chart

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 327 | Section5Figure 32 Continued Source: https://www.rivcoawm.org/Portals/0/PDF/2020-Crop%20Report.pdf Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 328 | Section5 Animal Diseases
There have not been recent incidents of catastrophic outbreaks of disease in thecattle/dairy industry. This is due in part to excellent precluding efforts on behalf of the cattle/dairy industry. Studies and history show that if there is an outbreak ofcattle/dairy- related disease, the economic impact would be enormous. Recent events in other states have shown the potential for bans on importation of cattle/dairy products from affected states. In a short period of time, the inability to export products from the County would have wide-ranging economic effects. The poultry industry is particularly vulnerable to the spread of disease because many fowl are kept in residential back yards and are therefore hard to monitor. Diseases can be spread by mosquitoes and/or ranch service operations that often serve more than one farm, increasing the odds of infection being spread. Outbreaks of the Exotic Newcastle Disease in the poultry industry in 2003 have resulted in the necessary depopulation of 3.16 million chickens in the County. This disease required thequarantine of a large area of Southern California, including all of Riverside County. The economic loss to the ranchers and County as a whole was estimated to be 161 million. Diseases of primary concern to the area are:
 Avian Influenza  Exotic Newcastle Disease  Fowl Pox Hoof-and-Mouth Disease Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Loss of Electrical Power
The loss of electrical power is becoming more of a concern to all areas of agriculture. Depending on the season, the loss of electrical supply to a poultry ranch can bedevastating within 2-to-4 hours because of the inability to keep the chickens cool. The loss of electrical power for over a 12-hour period can be devastating to a dairy farmer who cannot milk dairy cows.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 329 | Section55.3.14 Transportation Failure Severity: 3 Probability: 2 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Transportation Hazard Incidents  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition Transportation hazards are incidents involving air, rail, or highway transport of goods or passenger travel resulting in property damage, death, or serious injury. The incidents can be caused by transportation of hazardous materials, earthquake, hazardous weather, or other hazardous conditions affecting the uninterrupted flow of transportation and/or public safety. Five major transportation systems operate within Riverside County.

1. Highways 2. Railroads3. Air traffic 4. High-pressure petroleum and gas lines 5. Aqueducts.

Pipelines and aqueducts are treated separately in following sections of this LHMP. History Highways. The traffic density on the freeway and highway systems in the western part of the County is of particular concern. The population and economic growth in this area have caused increased demand on these networks.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 330 | Section5
Although the seasons do not have a large impact on Riverside County, there is the threat of poor visibility due to winter fog. Adding to this problem is the fact that according to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), more than 800,000 trucks carry hazardous materials across the U.S every day, and each year about 5,000 of those trucks are involved in nonfatal crashes, and 200 result in catastrophic death. Rail Lines. Major rail transport lines through Riverside County include Union Pacific and the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Railway Companies. Rails, cars, supportingbridges, overpasses, and electrically operated switching mechanisms are susceptible to damage. Union Pacific and the BNSF Railway Companies lines enter the Coachella Valley from Imperial County along the eastern shore of the Salton Sea. Major population centers affected by railroad transportation are vulnerable to the impact of a wide variety of hazardous materials transported by these carriers. Additionally, there are lines running east and west that carry significant tonnage daily. Some of these lines are in remote areas, but that does not lessen the overall seriousness of their impact. Airlines / Airports The western part of Riverside County has some of the busiest air traffic areas in theUnited States. Commercial, as well as military traffic, is very heavy. The number of near misses reported by pilots underscores the increasing possibility of a mid-air collision over the County. There are two major airports in Riverside County: March Air Reserve Base and PalmSprings International. There are also numerous smaller municipal and commercialairports and private air strips:
 Banning Airport  Bermuda Dunes Airport  Blythe Airport Chiriaco Summit Airport  Corona Municipal Airport  Desert Center Airport

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 331 | Section5
 Flabob Airport  French Valley Airport  Hemet- Ryan Airport Lake Elsinore/Skylark Airport Perris Valley Airport  Rancho California Airport Riverside Municipal Airport  Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport In addition, there are five major out-of-county airports operating in the vicinity of Riverside County with significant flightpaths over the County:

1. John Wayne Airport (Orange County) 2. Long Beach Airport (Los Angeles County) 3. Los Angeles International (LAX) Airport 4. Ontario Airport (San Bernardino County) 5. Chino Airport (Airport Influence Area extends into Riverside County)

6. San Diego International Airport (SAN) San Diego County

7. San Bernardino International Airport (SBI) San Bernardino County Risk Assessment The possibility for a transportation hazard to occur is ongoing. There have been railway incidents in the recent past, although they have not been numerous and have not caused extensive damage. Semi-trucking incidents are not uncommon and could result in ahazardous spill at any time, although notable events have not occurred in recent history. There has not been a serious airline accident in the area in the recent past.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 332 | Section5  Effects on people and housing. As the historical events in Riverside County show, people may be evacuated when a transportation emergency occurs.Relative to some of the other natural hazards assessed earlier in this LHMP, the numbers of people affected by transportation emergencies are usually less.However, a transportation accident on Interstate 10 during a period of high heat can result in hundreds (or more) of commuters being stranded on the highway with little resources for an extended period of time. When considering the impacts to the public’s confidence in a jurisdictions ability to govern following a transportation incident. The impact is very low.  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. There may be economic consequences due to transportation emergencies, but the damage is generallylimited to clean-up of facilities and grounds or simply interruption of business due to evacuation.  Effects on infrastructure. Transportation emergencies may result in downed power lines. Also, Hazmat materials released in a transportation emergency may impact waterways and drainage systems, and incidents can lead to the evacuation of schools, business districts, and residential areas. Effects on agriculture & the environment. Transportation is essential to theagricultural industry. For all elements of agriculture other than those that are dairyrelated, any incident that affects transportation for more than three days is “major.” For the dairy segment of the agricultural industry, any incident that affects theability to transport product by more than 12 hours is considered “major.” Whenconsidering the impact on the environment, transportation incidents can have longterm impacts to the plants and animals that live there if they are not mitigated and removed.

Risk Assessment Conclusion In general, transportation hazards are not cataclysmic in terms of widespread property damage and loss of life. Existing emergency operations should be equipped to handle almost of any transportation hazard that may occur. However, because Riverside County has an agricultural production value of over $1billion, any transportation emergency that affects the ability of agriculture to conduct its routine business (importing supplies and exporting production) can have severeeconomic consequences for the County.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 333 | Section5
Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Depending on the location of the incident, the cascading effects of transportationemergencies are generally limited to those of Hazmat incidents, Fires or ExtremeWeather. Recent examples in Riverside County of how transportation events can turn into large scale concerns for public safety can be seen during the Oleander Incident when a railcar in the City of Perris had an unidentified leak prompting evacuations, shelteroperations, and interagency cooperation to protect the immediate life and property in that area. Source: https://www.rvcfire.org/incidents/fact-sheets/OLEANDER%2008-11-2022 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 334 | Section5

5.3.15 Dam Failure Severity: 1 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Dam Failure  Norco  Eastvale  Corona  Lake Elsinore Wildomar  Murrieta  Temecula  Perris  Menifee  Riverside  Jurupa Valley  Hemet  Moreno Valley  San Jacinto  Various Portions of unincorporated areas in the West County
Hazard Definition The term “dam failure” encompasses a wide variety of circumstances. Potential causes of a dam failure are numerous and can be attributed to deficiencies in the original design of the dam, the quality of construction, the maintenance of the dam and operation of the appurtenances while the dam is in operation and acts of nature including precipitation in excess of the design, flood, and damage from earthquakes. Water over topping the dam crest is a common cause of failure in earth dams. Overtopping will cause erosion of the dam crest and eventual dam breach. Piping of earth dams is another common form of failure. Piping is a form of erosion that occursunderground caused by rodent burrowing and the presence of extensive root systemsfrom vegetation growing on and around the dam.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 335 | Section5Flooding of the area below the dam may occur as the result of structural failure of the dam, overtopping, or a seiche. The primary danger associated with a dam failure is the swift, unpredictable flooding of those areas immediately downstream of the dam. There are three general types of dams: earth and rock fill, concrete arch or hydraulic fill, and concrete gravity. Each of these types of dams has different failure characteristics. The earth/rock fill dam will fail gradually due to the erosion of the breach; a flood wave will build gradually to a peak and then decline until the reservoir is empty. A concrete arch or hydraulic fill dam will fail almost instantaneously, with a very rapid build-up to a peak and then a gradual decline. A concrete gravity dam will fail somewhere in betweeninstantaneous and gradual, with the corresponding build-up of flood wave. History Historically, Riverside County has not experienced any significant dam failure incidents, although there are several major dams in the County of both the earthen and steelreinforced concrete type. Risk Assessment The County of Riverside is subject to potential flooding from several local dams,reservoirs, streams, rivers, and washes. These include but are not limited to, LakeElsinore, the Colorado River, and the San Jacinto River. Seasonal flooding with the failure of run-off storage reservoirs, canals, and levees could seriously compound the situation, particularly in or near urban population centers. From the time of complete failure toinundation could be as little as 5-to-10 minutes. Portions of Riverside County along the Colorado River corridor could suffer from acatastrophic failure of dams that are located far outside the borders of Riverside County. These dams include Palo Verde Diversion Dam, Headgate Rock Dam, Parker Dam, Davis Dam, and Hoover Dam. If there were a catastrophic dam failure, it is estimated that itwould take a minimum of 23 hours before the flood waters reach the City of Blythe. With major disruptions in power and communications systems, a warning may not bereceived from dam or reservoir sites in time to initiate an organized evacuation orbroadcast warnings via emergency radio stations. If a credible prediction is initiated, then preparation for a damaging earthquake could begin and residents and business owners within dam inundation areas could be directed to assembly areas to wait for official word regarding safe re-entry. This method of direction and control could substantially reduce potential loss of life if enough warning were available.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 336 | Section5  Effects on Agriculture & the Environment can be catastrophic, both for crops, plants and for animals. Loss of property is a real risk, as well.

Risk Assessment Conclusion Although dam failure incidents have not historically been a problem in Riverside County, the County’s location with respect to earthquake fault lines presents the very real danger of dam failure due to quakes. If this were to occur, the effects could be catastrophic. Also, as noted above, seasonal flooding with the failure of run-off storage reservoirs, canals, and levees could seriously compound the risks of dam failure and additional flooding. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Dam failure causes downstream flooding. It may also lead to power failures and disruption of essential services. The secondary effects of dam failure can include the disruption of the local and state economies by damage to buildings and roads, the severance ofcommunications, the disruption of supply and delivery mechanisms, additional welfare, and emergency aid to the recovering economy.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 337 | Section5Table 52: Dams within the County of Riverside Listed Alphabetically by Name Dam
No.

National
ID No. Name Owner County Stream Year Built Capacity Res. Area Drainage Area Crest Elev. (Ac-ft) (Acres) (mi2) (ft)
1003-003
CA00798 Alessandro
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Alessandro Cr 1956 370 17 4.63 1146
1003-007
CA00802 Boxsprings
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Box Springs Cr 1960 405 29 4 1139
35-021 CA01441 Cajalco Creek Metropolitan Water Dist Riverside Cajalco Creek 2001 889 74.4 22.7 1512 87-008 CA01204 Declez Retention
San Bernardino County Flood Control District
Riverside San Sevaine Cr 1984 331 21 10.7 849
35-018 CA01410
Diamond Valley Lake
Metropolitan Water District
Riverside Domenigoni Valley
Cr
2000 800000 4860 13 1769
35-019 CA01413
Diamond Valley Lake Forebay
Metropolitan Water District
Riverside Domenigoni Val Can 1999 500 31 0.13 1497.5
1812-000
CA01302 Dunn Ranch Agri-Empire,A Calif Corp Riverside Hamilton Cr 1987 90 7 0.2 142.5 1003.02 CA10503 Eagle Canyon Debris Basin
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Eagle Canyon 2015 222 7.1 - 405
822-000 CA00767 El Casco Riverside Land
Conservancy
Riverside San Timoteo Creek 1879 143 15 0.09 116
81-000 CA00304
Fairmount Park
City Of Riverside Riverside Santa Ana River 1923 200 40 22 793 827-000 CA00769 Foster Idyllwild
Water District
Riverside Lily Creek 1945 56 6 0.85 5812
35-020 CA01424
Goodhart Canyon Detention Basin
Metropolitan Water Dist
Riverside Goodhart Canyon 1999 1026 98 3.8 1627.2
1003 CA00787
Harrison Street
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Harrison Creek 1954 208 14 2.03 1123.5
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 338 | Section5
35-016 CA01349 Henry J Mills
No 2
Metropolitan Water Dist
Riverside Off stream 1996 92 5 0.1 1651.2
35-014 CA01085 Henry J Mills
Reservoir
Metropolitan Water Dist
Riverside Off stream 1979 83 6 0 1651
35-017 CA01374 H Mills Reclamation Metropolitan Water District Riverside Off stream 1996 98 16 0.03 1593 1003-014 CA01212 Jurupa Basin
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Jurupa Wash 1983 167 17 1.69 855
817-000 CA00763 Lake Hemet
Lake Hemet Municipal Water District
Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1895 14000 470 67 4341.5
1003-016
CA01392 Lakeview
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1994 530 39 7.6 1621
818-002 CA00766 Lee Lake
Elsinore Valley Mun Wd
Riverside Temescal Creek 1919 1100 70 53 1153
1003-009
CA01103 Mabey
Canyon
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Mabey Creek 1974 68 5 1.5 1146
1003-011
CA01211 Mary Street
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Alessandro Wash 1981 320 19 6.7 1009
35-000 CA00212 Mathews
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
Riverside Cajalco Creek 1938 182000 2750 40 1404
1003-015
CA01197
Metz Road Debris Basin
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1981 88 20 1 1470.5
81-003 CA00305 Mockingbird
Canyon
City Of Riverside Riverside Mockingbird Can 1914 1250 64 13.13 1015 1003-010
CA01179 Oak Street
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Oak Street Cr 1979 138 36 6.02 1034
1-068 CA00054 Perris
California Department Of Water Resources
Riverside Bernasconi Pass 1973 131452 2340 10 1600

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 339 | Section5
1003-006
CA00801 Pigeon Pass
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Pigeon Pass 1958 900 86 8.71 1702.5
1003-004
CA00799 Prenda
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Prenda Creek 1954 192 15 1.93 1242
829-000 CA00771 Quail Valley Forecast Homes Riverside San Jacinto Riv 1959 103 10 1.6 1490 818-000 CA00765 Railroad Canyon
Elsinore Valley Mun Wd
Riverside San Jacinto River 1928 11586 525 664 1410
35-012 CA00223
Robert A Skinner
Metropolitan Water Dist
Riverside Tucalota Creek 1973 43800 860 51.5 1493
35-015 CA01271
Skinner Clearwell
Metropolitan Water District
Riverside Offstream 1991 356 14 0 1433
1811-000
CA01237 Sunnymead Ranch Sunnymead Ranch Comm
Assoc
Riverside Reche Canyon 1985 400 35 2 1770
1003-005
CA00800 Sycamore
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Sycamore Canyon 1956 860 57 10.7 1013
1003-013
CA01170 Tahchevah
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Tachevah Creek 1964 650 60 3.2 582
1003-012
CA01242 Tahquitz Creek Debris
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Tahquitz Creek 1991 75 5 18 562
2028-000
CA00770 Vail Rancho Calif
Water District
Riverside Temecula Creek 1949 51000 1078 306 1482.6
1003-008
CA00803 Wide Canyon
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside West Wide Canyon 1968 1490 57 33.5 1560
1003-000
CA00796 Woodcrest
Riverside County Flood Control And Water Conservation
Riverside Woodcrest Creek 1954 420 24 5.32 1122.5
The most recent dam built was Eagle Canyon Debris Basin in 2015 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 340 | Section5 Descriptions of the dams, their inundation impact on the County, and a delineation ofresponse efforts are outlined in the Flood and Dam Inundation Plan, maintained byRiverside County Transportation and Land Management Agency and on the CaliforniaDepartment of Water Resources Division of Safety of Dams website. Source: https://fmds.water.ca.gov/maps/damim/ Continue to the Next Page.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 341 | Section5Map 34: Riverside County Dam Inundation Risks Source: County of Riverside General Plan September 28, 2021 https://planning.rctlma.org/Portals/14/genplan/2021/elements/Ch06_Safety_092821.pdf Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 342 | Section55.3.16 Aqueduct Failure Severity: 2 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Aqueduct Failure  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition An Aqueducts is an artificial channel to transport water. There are two major Aqueducts that traverse Riverside County:
 California Aqueduct  Colorado River Aqueduct.

The California Aqueduct is a 444-mile long, artificially river shaped facility that is a crucial component of the State Water Project. The California Department of Water Resources states that the Project includes 34 storage facilities, reservoirs and lakes; 20 pumpingplants; 4 pumping-generating plants; 5 hydroelectric power plants; and about 701 miles of open canals and pipelines. It travels from Sacramento into San Bernardino County and finally ends in western Riverside County. The East Branch is the portion of the Aqueduct that transports water for storage into Lake Perris. The Colorado River Aqueduct stretches 242 miles across Arizona and California.According to the American Society of Civil Engineers, it consists of more than 90 miles of tunnels, nearly 55 miles of cut-and-cover conduit, almost 30 miles of siphons, and five pumping stations. More than a billion gallons of water travel through it a day. It travels from Arizona into San Bernardino County, enters the eastern portion of Riverside County and travels the length of the County until it ends near the City of Riverside. It was built and is currently maintained by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 343 | Section5Map 35: California Aqueducts Source: 2018 (SHMP) Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 344 | Section5History of Events Riverside County has not experienced a large-scale Aqueduct incident. Risk Assessment An earthquake or landslide could severely damage the two main aqueducts that travel through the county, possibly rendering them out of service. In this event, the water supply to the OA would be greatly affected. Long periods of droughts have been known to damage aqueduct infrastructure. Wellshave needed to work harder to pump low levels of water. This has resulted in manyirrigation districts to raise the sides of canals to encourage gravitational water flow.However, this tactic can negatively affect bridges.  Effects on people and housing. There is a low impact on housing unless the aqueduct was to flood a residential area. The impact to people can range fromminor to disastrous.

A failure could greatly impact the County’s water supply leaving the County to source water elsewhere until the damages to the aqueduct can be remedied. It can also impact the economy in the event that crops aredamaged, and farmers lose valuable product. If a significant failure were to occur the governing jurisdiction may have a large impact on the public’s confidence to govern following a failure that has extended consequences such as disruption of essential services for extended periods of time.  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. There is a low impact on commercial and industrial structures.
 Effects on infrastructure. There is a low impact on infrastructure.  Effects on agriculture & the environment. In the event of an aqueduct failure crops and dependent plant life could be devastatingly impacted.

Risk Assessment Conclusion This hazard has a low probability but has the potential to have catastrophic impacts to the county. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects An Aqueduct failure could lead to water supply contamination or disruption and flooding. It could also increase the effects of a drought.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 345 | Section55.3.17 Tornado Severity: 2 Probability: 1 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Tornados
 Hemet  Perris  Desert Center  Coachella Valley  Mecca  Homeland Hazard Definition Tornados Tornadoes are spawned when there is warm, moist air near the ground, cool air aloft, and winds that speed up and change direction. An obstruction, such as a house, in the path of the wind, causes it to change direction. This change increases pressure on parts of the house, and the combination of increased pressures and fluctuating wind speeds creates stresses that frequently cause structural failures. In order to measure the intensity and wind strength of a tornado, Dr. T. Theodore Fujita developed the Fujita Tornado Damage Scale. This scale compares the estimated wind velocity with the corresponding amount of suspected damage. The scale measures six classifications of tornadoes with increasing magnitude from an “F0” tornado to an “F6+” tornado. Tornados, like those that occur every year in the Midwest and Southeast parts of theUnited States, are a rare phenomenon in most of California, with most tornado-like activity coming from micro-bursts.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 346 | Section5 The chart below depicts the Fujita Tornado Damage Scale:

Table 53: Fujita Tornado Damage Scale
Scale
Wind
Estimate
(mph)
Typical Damage
F0 < 73
Light damage. Some damage to chimneys and TV antennas; breaks twigs off trees;pushes over shallow-rooted trees.

F1 73-112
Moderate damage. Peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos blown off roads.

F2 113-157
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars overturned; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground.

F3 158-206
Severe damage. Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trainsoverturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown.

F4 207-260
Devastating damage. Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance; cars thrown, and large missiles generated.

F5 261-318
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and sweptaway; automobile-sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 meters (109 yds); trees debarked; incredible phenomena will occur.

Source: https://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f-scale.html

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 347 | Section5Microbursts Unlike tornados, microbursts are strong, damaging winds that strike the ground and often give the impression a tornado has struck. They frequently occur during intensethunderstorms. The origin of a microburst is downward moving air from a thunderstorm's core. But unlike a tornado, they affect only a rather small area. University of Chicago storm researcher Dr. Ted Fujita first coined the term “downburst” to describe strong, downdraft winds flowing out of a thunderstorm cell that he believed were responsible for the crash of Eastern Airlines Flight 66 in June of 1975. A downburst is a straight-direction surface wind in excess of 39 mph caused by a smallscale, strong downdraft from the base of convective thundershowers and thunderstorms. In later investigations into the phenomena, he defined two sub-categories of downbursts: the larger macro bursts and small microbursts. Macro bursts are downbursts with winds up to 117 mph that spread across a path greater than 2.5 miles wide at the surface and which last from 5 to 30 minutes. The microburst, on the other hand, is confined to an even smaller area, less than 2.5 miles in diameter from the initial point of downdraft impact. An intense microburst can result in damaging winds near 270 km/hr. (170 mph) and often last for less than five minutes. “Downbursts of all sizes descend from the upper regions of severe thunderstorms when the air accelerates downward through either exceptionally strong evaporative cooling or by very heavy rain which drags dry air down with it. When the rapidly descending airstrikes the ground, it spreads outward in all directions, like a fast-running faucet stream hitting the sink bottom. When the microburst wind hits an object on the ground such as a house, garage, or tree, it can flatten the buildings and strip limbs and branches from the tree. After striking the ground, the powerful outward running gust can wreak further havoc along its path.Damage associated with a microburst is often mistaken for the work of a tornado,particularly directly under the microburst. However, damage patterns away from theimpact area are characteristic of straight-line winds rather than the twisted pattern oftornado damage.”History The history table demonstrates the number of tornados and microbursts that haveoccurred in the County.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 348 | Section5
Table 54: Historical Tornados Statistics for Riverside
Date Force Injuries Death(s) 1955-04-06 0 0 0 1973-08-16 3 0 0 1974-07-20 1 1 0 1978-02-09 3 6 0 1982-01-20 0 0 0 1985-09-18 0 0 0 1991-03-20 0 0 0 1996-12-22 1 0 0 1994-08-12 0 0 0 1998-05-13 0 0 0 2005-01-09 0 0 0 2005-02-19 1 0 0 2005-02-26 0 0 0 2005-07-23 0 0 0 2006-07-23 0 0 0 2008-05-22 0 0 0 2008-05-22 2 1 0 2008-05-22 0 0 0 2008-05-22 0 0 0 2010-01-21 0 0 0 2012-08-12 0 0 0 2012-09-09 0 0 0 2015-04-21 0 0 0 2015-10-17 0 0 0 2015-08-06 1 2 0 2018-08-16 0 0 0 Source: https://countyofriverside.maps.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=0db253f3e83a4c5f9f5ab9577f2dcb49

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 349 | Section5Map 36: Past Riverside County Tornadoes Riverside County Tornado Tracks and Damage Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 350 | Section5Risk Assessment  Effects on people and housing. Tornadoes are very dangerous and can destroy homes and injure or kill Riverside County residents. The county has been fortunate in the past because we have not experienced loss of life and very few injuriescaused by tornadoes or airborne debris. The public’s confidence will be minimally impacted after one of these incidents.  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Industrial structures could house Hazardous Materials that have to potential to be released if the facility is damaged. Workers could be trapped under debris if the tornado hits duringbusiness hours.  Effects on infrastructure. Infrastructures could be damaged by high winds at building failure points such as rook joist or wall stud- bottom plate intersections. Flying debris can also cause damages.  Effects on agriculture and the environment. Tornadoes have the power to destroy crops or tools/structures needed by the farmer to tend his crops. It canalso lead to the death of livestock. The impact on the environment overall is low.

Risk Assessment Conclusion Riverside County’s “Tornado Alley” spans from the 15 Corridor to desert center and is highly susceptible to microburst and tornados that result in high dollar recovery costs.While these incidents occur, they are low impact when compared to other natural hazards identified within this plan. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Tornados can destroy critical infrastructure causing disruption in essential services toresidents and commercial properties. Widespread damage can also be exacerbated by fires caused from the damage. Tornados can damage critical facilities and devastatehomes.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 351 | Section5

5.3.18 Insect Infestation Severity: 2 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Insect Infestation  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County (Bark Beetle)
• Idyllwild Fire Protection District
(Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine)
• Alvord Unified School District• Cathedral City• City of Banning • City of Blythe• City of Calimesa • City of Canyon Lake • City of Coachella • City of Corona• City of Desert Hot Springs • City of Hemet• City of Indian Wells • City of Indio -- only portions of the city are within the boundaries of the Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area • City of La Quinta• City of Lake Elsinore • City of Moreno Valley – only portions of the city are within the boundaries of the Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area • City of Murrieta • City of Norco• City of Palm Desert -- only portions of the city are within the boundaries of the Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area • City of Palm Springs -- only portions of
the city are within the boundaries of the Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area • City of Perris • City of Rancho Mirage -- only portions of the city are within the boundaries of the Red Imported Fire Ant Quarantine area • City of Riverside• City of Temecula• Home Gardens County Water District • Idyllwild Water District • Lake Elsinore Unified School District • Menifee Unified School District • Moreno Valley Unified School District
• Rancho California Water District • Riverside Community Hospital• Riverside County Office of Education, Children, and Family Services
• Riverside County Transportation and
Land Management Agency
• Riverside Unified School District • San Gorgonio Pass Water Agency • Valley Sanitation District • Western Municipal Water District Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 352 | Section5 Hazard Definition Insect infestation occurs when an undesirable type of insect inhabits an area in a manner that causes serious harm to cash crops, livestock, or poultry; wild land trees, plants, or animals; or humans. Countless insects live on, in, and around plants, animals, andhumans in all environments. Many are harmless, while others can cause fatal damage. Under some conditions, insects that have been present and relatively harmless canbecome hazardous. For example, severe drought conditions can weaken trees and make them more susceptible to destruction from insect attacks. The major forms of insects are:
 Chewing insects are defoliating insects. They generally strip plants of green matter such as leaves. Caterpillars and beetles make up the largest proportion of chewing insects. Under normal conditions, trees can usually bounce back from an attack of these defoliators, though repeat infestation will weaken a tree and can eventually kill it by starving it of energy.  Boring, or tunneling, insects cause damage by boring into the stem, roots, or twigs of a tree. Some lay eggs that then hatch and the larvae burrow more deeply into the wood, blocking off the water-conducting tissues of the tree. Boring insects generally feed on the vascular tissues of the tree. If the infestation is serious, the upper leaves are starved of nutrients and moisture, and the tree can die. Signs of borer infestation include entry/exit holes in the bark, small mounds of sawdust at the base, and sections of the crown wilting and dying.  Sucking insects do their damage by sucking out the liquid from leaves and twigs.

Many sucking insects are relatively immobile, living on the outside of a plant and forming a hard protective outer coating while they feed on the plant’s juices. Quite often they will excrete a sweet, sticky substance known as honeydew whichcontains unprocessed plant material. Honeydew can cause sooty mold to form on leaves and can become a nuisance. Signs of infestation include scaly formations on branches, dieback of leaves, and honeydew production.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 353 | Section5Table 55: Example Insect Species NAME

AFRICANIZED HONEYBEE

BARK BEETLE

CITRUS LEAFMINER

GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER

GYPSY MOTH

HONEYBEE TRACHEAL MITE

JAPANESE BEETLE

LESSER SNOW SCALE

MAGNOLIA WHITE SCALE

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY

ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY

RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT

STING NEMATODE

TROPICAL PALM SCALE

VARROA MITE/HONEYBEE

ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID

SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY

POLYPHAGOUS SHOT-HOLE BORER

ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID

GOLDSPOT OAK BORE BEETLE, (GSOB)

PINE BARK BEETLE

SHOT HOLE BORER BEETLE

KUROSHIO SHOT HOLE BORERS

SPOTTED LANTERNFLY
In conjunction with the above outlined problems, insects can carry and spread or vector disease to plants, animals, and people. Definition of Vector Control Vector Control Programs are responsible for providing services that reduce the risk ofillness caused by any organism transporting a pathogen. Some examples of theseorganisms and some of the pathogens they can carry are:
• Mosquito - West Nile Virus, St. Louis Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 354 | Section5 • Rodent Fleas - Plague • Western Black Legged Tick - Lyme Disease • Rodents - Hantavirus Riverside County actually has three vector control agencies. There are two VectorControl Districts and the County Vector Control Program operating through theDepartment of Environmental Health. The Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District manages these services for a portion of the desert community around theCoachella Valley. The Northwest Mosquito and Vector Control District provides services in the northwest portion of the county. The County Vector Control program covers the unincorporated areas of the County and other areas such as contracted cities that may fall outside of the two other vector district boundaries. History 2020 - The county confirmed that mosquitoes collected from the unincorporated area of Nuevo tested positive for West Nile virus.
2017 - Parts of Riverside County (Moreno Valley, Indio, Rancho Mirage, Palm Desert, Bermuda Dunes, and Palm Springs) were under quarantine by state and federal officials to stop the spread of Red Imported Fire Ants. The quarantine limits the movement of plants and soil and requires commercial nursery growers to takesteps to ensure their products are free of Red Imported Fire Ants. It is believed that the infestations in Southern California may stem from the shipment of infested nursery stock from the southeastern states. 2012 - Polyphagous Shot-Hole Borer, an insect pest that attacks over 200 types of agricultural and landscape trees, became widespread in Southern California. By 2015, this insect pest was established in Western Riverside County. This insect pest is detrimental to the avocado industry and landscape ornamental trees inCalifornia. 2009 - A portion of Riverside County (Coachella Valley) was placed under quarantine for Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP). In 2011, the quarantine area was expanded to include Western Riverside County. The quarantine limits the movement of nursery stock and citrus from the quarantine area. Growers must take steps to ensure theirproducts are free from ACP prior to movement. 2003 -Governor Gray Davis proclaimed a State of Emergency in Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego Counties where hundreds of thousands of trees were dead and dying after being weakened by drought and attacked by an infestation of bark beetles. Trees on more than 150,000 acres died and an estimated 75,000

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 355 | Section5
residents were threatened by catastrophic wildfire, injury, and property damage from falling trees. 1999-2000 - an insect-spread disease (Pierce’s Disease spread by Glassy-winged Sharpshooter) caused over $16 million damage to wine grapes in the west County area. Riverside County is under quarantine by state officials to stop the spread of Glassy-winged Sharpshooter and Pierce’s Disease. The quarantine limits themovement of nursery stock, bulk grapes, bulk citrus and requires inspection and certification of these commodities by the local Agricultural Commissioner prior to movement from the infested area. 1991-1994 - Africanized Honeybees entered California near Blythe. Since 1994, they have spread to all counties in Southern California (Imperial, San Diego, Orange, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, and Kern). In 1993-94 and 1990, Med-fly infestations damaged fruit Countywide. In 1991, a whitefly infestation damaged melons, squash, and cucumbers Countywide.

Risk Assessment Riverside County has a demonstrated vulnerability to insect infestation. The climate makes it possible for insects to reproduce with little natural hindrance to their proliferation. Programs for monitoring Encephalitis in Riverside County have been in effect for more than two decades in a cooperative effort with the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), the University of California, the Mosquito and Vector Control Association ofCalifornia, and the Riverside County Public Health Department. Since its introduction to Southern California in 2003, West Nile Virus surveillance has been a primary focus. This type of surveillance is driven by live mosquito trapping and processing for virus detection. The dead bird surveillance program is also headed up by CDPH where the public can report dead birds via their website (www.westnile.ca.gov) or a telephone hotline (1-877-WNV-BIRD). If CDPH staff determines that a dead bird is deemed acceptable for testing, Vector Control offices are notified for collection and testing. Another aspect of thisprogram consists of sentinel chicken flocks being placed in areas where high populations of Culex tarsalis, the western encephalitis mosquito, are known to exist and where such areas infringe on local communities. Blood samples are sent to the CDPH Viral &Rickettsial Disease Laboratory where they are analyzed for the antibodies to the viruses. All of these disease indicators allow programs to focus their vector control efforts. Since 2006, at least 73 cases of West Nile virus human infections have been reported within Riverside County with ten fatalities. Horses have also been infected and succumbed to this disease.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 356 | Section5 In Riverside County, Plague is associated with animal disease outbreaks in populations of California Ground Squirrels. The vector is the Squirrel Flea. In 1979 during a disease outbreak among California ground squirrels in Silent Valley, located south of the City of Banning, a boy contracted Plague. It was properly diagnosed, and he recovered. Thisincident provided impetus to start the Plague Surveillance Program and eventuallyestablish the County’s Vector Control Program. Over the course of the past several decades surveillance activities have isolated Plague endemic areas in the San Jacinto Mountain range.  Effects on people and housing. In the case of the Bark Beetle, the fire hazard it creates can cause the loss of homes and life as demonstrated in the fall fires of 2003. In the case of certain mosquitoes, West Nile Virus has infected humans and horses.  Effects on agriculture, environment, and commercial and industrial structures. If a given insect is particularly hazardous to forests, crops, or property, it can cost the County millions of dollars in lost revenue and eradication andreplacement.

Risk Assessment Conclusion Insect infestation is an ongoing threat to agriculture and public health in Riverside County. The effects on people and property can be disastrous and costly. The County and independent vector control special districts have aggressive programs utilizing:
• Disease surveillance such as certified personnel, insect/rodent traps, lab testing capacities, and Sentinel chicken flocks.
• Vector control equipment and approved pesticides. • Public outreach.

Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects The Bark Beetle infestation is a classic example of cascading effects. The insect killed hundreds of thousands of trees, increasing the wildfire hazard, which resulted in the unfortunate devastation of the fall fires of 2003.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 357 | Section55.3.19 Jail/Prison Event Severity: 2 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Jail or Prison Events  Blythe  Riverside  Norco  Banning  Indio  Murrieta Hazard Definition There are numerous State of California Correctional Institutions and County correctional facilities in Riverside County. Law enforcement is tasked with maintaining order in thefacilities and preventing inmates from escaping into the community. Chuckawalla Valley State Prison in Blythe provides long-term housing and services for male felons classified as medium and low-medium custody inmates. Ironwood State Prison in Blythe provides services for minimum and medium custodyinmates through academic education, vocational instruction, and support services. The prison also has the Institutional Hearing Program (IHP) which prepares inmates who are illegal immigrants for release to United States Immigration and Naturalization Servicecustody and the return to their native country. The California Rehabilitation Center (CRC) in Norco is a medium Level II correctionalfacility and that only accommodates male inmates since April 2007. The CRC inmate population consists of felon commitments as well as Civil Addicts. The California Institution for Woman (CIW) in Chino accommodates all custody levels of female inmates and functions as a reception/processing center for incoming femaleinmates. In addition to its large general population, CIW houses inmates with special needs such as pregnancy, psychiatric care, methadone, and medical problems such as HIV infection.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 358 | Section5The California Institution for Men in Chino consists of four separate facilities under the administration of one warden. Located three miles south of the city of Chino, the facilities provide housing for minimum through medium custody inmates. The reception centers receive and process newly committed male felons from several southern Californiacounties. The California Youth Authority operates a facility in Chino. While all of these facilities are in the County of San Bernardino, their close proximity to Riverside County and the City of Corona necessitate their inclusion here as facilities of concern to Riverside County. In addition, there are five correctional facilities within the County, namely:

1. Robert Pressley Detention Center 2. Blythe Jail 3. John Benoit Detention Center 4. Cois M. Byrd Detention Center 5. Larry D. Smith Correctional Facility History Historically, the threat to society has been low. Law enforcement has demonstrated an overall capability to maintain the incarcerated population in a manner that does not pose an immediate threat to the general population. Risk Assessment Law enforcement must remain in a state of readiness for any incidents that couldprecipitate a threatening situation. The passing of Assembly Bill 109 (2011) has shifted state prison populations back into the county jail populations to stop state prison overcrowding. The effects of this change are just now being seen. Time will tell what the overall impact on Riverside County and its citizens will be. Riots within the facilities generally do not pose a direct threat to the public on the outside. Occasionally an inmate has escaped correctional facilities. The danger involved in their escape is predicated on the escapee’s criminal characteristics.Riverside County Regional Medical Center provides medical care to both state and local inmates in an area designated as a prison ward, which could have a severe impact on

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 359 | Section5health care delivery at the facility during and immediately after a prison ward incident. The degree of disruption would, of course, depend on the extent of the incident.  Effects on people and housing. Violent offenders escaping custody in a disaster could lead to residents in surrounding areas being at risk of harm. Risks are high.  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The risks are minimal.  Effects on infrastructure. The risks are minimal.  Effects on agriculture and the environment. The risks are minimal.

Risk Assessment Conclusion Relatively speaking, the risks of jail and prison incidents will remain a minimal threat to the County when compared to other hazards. It is important that law enforcement remains in a state of readiness for any incidents that could precipitate a threatening situation. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects In the event that Interstate 10 becomes damaged, it could affect evaluation routes and essential supplies from getting into the prison or jail. Risks are minimal but have the potential to decrease responder availability duringdisasters if a facility is damaged. Another possible drain on resources would be in the event of inmate relocation due to damaged facilities or the potential damage to a facility.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 360 | Section55.3.20 Pipeline Disruption Severity:3 Probability: 2 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Pipeline Incidents  Desert Water Agency  Western Municipal Water District  City of Banning  City of Beaumont  City of Corona  City of Palm Springs  City of Temecula  Riverside Community College District
 San Gorgonio Memorial Hospital
Hazard Definition There are many pipeline distribution systems that transit Riverside County, including systems for water, natural gas, and petroleum products. Identifying Natural Gas Pipeline Hazards (SHMP) The U.S. is heavily dependent on transmission pipelines to distribute energy and fuel sources. Virtually all-natural gas, which accounts for about 32 percent of the energyconsumed annually, is transported by transmission pipelines. Energy demand in the U.S. continues to increase. Although California is a leader in exploring and implementingalternative energy sources such as wind and solar, the expansion of traditional energy sources continues. Increased urbanization is resulting in people living and working close to existing gas transmission pipelines that were placed prior to government agenciesadopting and implementing land use and other pipeline safety regulations. Compounding the potential risk is the age and gradual deteriorating of the gastransmission system due to natural causes. Significant failure, including pipe breaks and explosions, can result in loss of life, injury, property damage, and environmental impacts. Causes of and contributors to pipeline failures include construction errors, materialdefects, internal and external corrosion, operational errors, control system malfunctions, outside force damage, subsidence, and seismicity. Growth in population, urbanization,and land development near transmission pipelines, together with the addition of newfacilities to meet new demands, may increase the likelihood of pipeline damage due to human activity and the exposure of people and property to pipeline failures.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 361 | Section5Figure 33: California Gas Lines Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 362 | Section5Figure 33 ContinuedSource: https://energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/Natural_Gas_Pipelines_ADA.pdf

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 363 | Section5Major water conveyance systems consist of the Colorado River Aqueduct operated by Metropolitan Water District (MWD) of Southern California, the California Aqueductoperated by the State Department of Water Resources (DWR), and water distributionlines operated by MWD. A major pipeline carrying natural gas parallels Interstate 10 and Highway 60 throughout the County. This pipeline brings gas from the southwestern states into SouthernCalifornia. Petroleum products are stored and distributed at many major areas throughout theCounty. Of particular interest are the aviation fuel tanks and pipelines located at March Air Reserve Base. Although under the control of the U.S. Government, their potential for impact on the surrounding area is of interest to the County. History Riverside County has not experienced a large-scale pipeline disruption. However, there are multiple small incidents on a yearly basis that are handled by the respective resource provider. Risk Assessment A rupture of the main line with a major release could have serious effects in terms offlooding and property damage. A gas line rupture could explode causing serious property damage and loss of life.  Effects on people and housing. The consequences to people and housing from pipeline disruption can range from flooding to explosion, both could be quitesevere. This can impact the public’s confidence in the jurisdictions ability to govern following an incident.
 Effects on commercial and industrial structures. Similarly, the effects on commercial and industrial structures from flooding or explosion could be severe.  Effects on agriculture and the environment. In the same way, the effects on agriculture and the environment from flooding or explosion could be severe.

Risk Assessment Conclusion Pipelines are vulnerable to especially with the possibility of an earthquake, causing significant breakage. The degree of damage county-wide for a given rupture would beminimal, even though there might be significant injuries, loss of life and property in the Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 364 | Section5 immediate area of the incident, depending on what kind of pipe ruptures and where the rupture occurs. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Pipeline incidents may lead to flooding, fires and contamination by air, water, and land. Incidents with natural gas or petroleum product pipelines may lead to explosion and fire.5.3.21 Landslide Severity: 3 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Landslide Incidents  Most mountain areas within the County
Hazard Definition Like its earthquake-generating faults, California’s mountainous terrain is also aconsequence of dynamic geologic processes in operation as the North American Plate grinds past the Pacific Plate. More than one-third of California is mountainous terrain that generally trends parallel to the coast, forming a barrier that captures moisture fromoffshore storms originating in the Gulf of Alaska and Mexico. Steep topography, weakrocks, heavy winter rains, and occasional earthquakes all lead to slope failures morefrequently than would otherwise occur under gravity alone. A landslide is the breaking away and gravity-driven downward movement of hill slopematerials, which can travel at speeds ranging from fractions of an inch per year to tens of miles per hour depending on the slope steepness and water content of the rock/soil mass. Landslides range from the size of an automobile to a mile or more in length and width and, due to their sheer weight and speed, can cause serious damage and loss of life. Their secondary effects can be far reaching; for example, catastrophic flooding can result from the sudden release of river water impounded by landslide debris or slope failure of an earthen dam. Although the area affected by a single landslide is less than that of earthquakes,landslides are pervasive in California’s mountainous terrain and occur far more often,resulting in cumulative losses approaching $200 million in a given year. Average annual landslide losses in California are estimated at about $100 million. Because landslides

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 365 | Section5occur as isolated events in both time and location, and there is presently no systematic means in place for documenting their losses, landslide hazard is often underestimated or goes unrecognized in the policy arena, even though landslides continue to cause millions of dollars in cumulative damage to California’s homes, businesses, and infrastructure.

A landslide is a geologic hazard where the force of gravity combines with other factors to cause earth material to move or slide down an incline. Some landslides move slowly and cause damage gradually, whereas others move so rapidly that they can destroy property and take lives suddenly and unexpectedly. Slopes with the greatest potential for sliding are between 34 degrees and 37 degrees. Although steep slopes are commonly present where landslides occur, it is not necessary for the slopes to be long. Landslides, rock falls, and debris flows occur continuously on all slopes; some processes act very slowly, while others occur very suddenly, often with disastrous results. As human populations expand over more of the land surface, these processes become anincreasing concern. The most common types of landslides are (U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S.Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 2004-3072, July 2004): Slides - Although many types of mass movements are included in the general term "landslide," the more restrictive use of the term refers only to mass movements, where there is a distinct zone of weakness that separates the slide material from the more stable underlying material. Falls - Abrupt movements of masses of geologic materials, such as rocks and boulders that become detached from steep slopes or cliffs. Topples - Toppling failures are distinguished by the forward rotation of a unit or unitsabout some pivotal point, below or low in the unit, under the actions of gravity and forces exerted by adjacent units or by fluids in cracks. Flows – There are five basic categories of flows that differ from one another infundamental ways. a. Debris flows:

A debris flow is a form of rapid mass movement in which a combination of loose soil, rock, organic matter, air, and water mobilize as a slurry that flows downslope. b. Debris avalanche: This is a variety of very rapid to extremely rapid debris flow. c. Earthflow: The slope material liquefies and runs out, forming a bowl or depression at the head. The flow itself is elongate and usually occurs in fine-grained materials Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 366 | Section5 or clay-bearing rocks on moderate slopes and under saturated conditions.However, dry flows of granular material are also possible. d. Mudflow: A mudflow is an earthflow consisting of material that is wet enough to flow rapidly and that contains at least 50 percent sand-, silt-, and clay-sizedparticles. In some instances, for example in many newspaper reports, mudflows and debris flows are commonly referred to as "mudslides." e. Creep: Creep is the imperceptibly slow, steady, downward movement of slopeforming soil or rock.

Lateral Spreads - Lateral spreads are distinctive because they usually occur on verygentle slopes or flat terrain. The dominant mode of movement is lateral extensionaccompanied by shear or tensile fractures. The failure is caused by liquefaction, theprocess whereby saturated, loose, cohesionless sediments (usually sands and silts) are transformed from a solid into a liquefied state. The geologic setting of southern California locally is conducive to slope failures and slopefailure deposits (landslides) that can be a hazard to human life and property. Thesehazards are created when geologic materials are displaced down a topographic slopeunder the influence of gravity. Factors that determine slope-failure occurrence include:

1. Slope angle2. Geologic materials (substrate) 3. Climatic conditions 4. Earthquake shaking 5. Debris Flows Sudden "mudslides" gushing down rain-sodden slopes and gullies are widely recognized by geologists as a hazard to human life and property. Most "mudslides" are localized in small gullies, threatening only those buildings and roadways in their direct path. They can burst out of the soil on almost any rain-saturated hill when rainfall is heavy enough. Often, they occur without warning in localities where they have never been seen before. There are predictable relationships between local geology and landslides, rockfalls and debris flows. Knowledge of these relationships can improve planning and reducevulnerability. Slope stability is dependent on many factors and their interrelationships,including rock type, pore water pressure, slope steepness, and natural or human-caused undercutting. Slope and geologic conditions are identified in Map 37 & 38.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 367 | Section5Riverside County has a history of landslides during seasons of high precipitation. History January 2023 – Landslides reported in Western Riverside due to an Atmospheric River October 2022- Landslide on Highway 74 in Hemet February 2019 – Mud and debris flows resulting from heavy rains on the Holy Fire Burn Scar around Lake Elsinore November 2018 – Mud and debris flows occurred in the Temescal Valley due to rainstorms July 2017 – Mud and debris Flows resulting from a thunderstorm in Mecca January 2016 – Landslides near Banning resulted from a low 4.3 magnitude earthquake December 2014 – Mud Flow in Gilman Springs, San Jacinto 2002 – Landslide on Highway 60 in San Timoteo Badlands Risk Assessment There is a continuing risk of landslides during seasons of high precipitation. In addition, earthquakes could also cause significant landslides. The County has a great deal of hilly and mountainous terrain increasing the likelihood of a landslide incident.  Effects on people and structures. Landslides constitute a threat to property, road safety, and life. Small landslides would not pose a serious risk. However,there is a possibility that a severe landslide in a populated area could causesignificant damage and risk to life. The impact in the public’s confidence in thejurisdictions ability to govern following one of these incidents would be low due to pre identified plans and resources available to the County and OA in these events.  Effects on infrastructure. Landslides can cause disruptions in power supply pipelines, power and telephone poles, and County roads and highways.  Effect on Critical Facilities. An initial review of known landslide locations and the location of critical facilities indicates that there does not appear to be any of these facilities in close proximity to a Landslide Management Zone.  Effects on agriculture & the environment. Similar to the threats to people and structures, small landslides would not pose a serious risk. However, there is the Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 368 | Section5 possibility that a severe landslide could cause significant damage and risk of life to elements of the agricultural industry. The environment could be impactedsomewhat due to debris flows however most areas where this is prone to occurring would align with burn scars where the environment has already been impacted. The debris flows would delay the regrowth of local plants.

Risk Assessment Conclusion Landslides are a continuing risk in Riverside County, especially during seasons of high precipitation. History has shown also that many landslides occur in areas wherelandslides have not been predicted. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects As noted, landslides can be the result of an earthquake or severe weather. The starting mechanism for a landslide will determine some of the cascading events. The end result is if a landslide occurs in a populated area, or area used by people, earth materials can cover or impede the area as described above. If a landslide were to impact power lines or other utility systems a cascading effect could be power, utility or sewer loss.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 369 | Section5Map 7: Riverside County Surface Materials Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 370 | Section5Map 8: Riverside County Slope Instability Map

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 371 | Section5

5.3.22 Hazardous Materials Incident Severity: 3 Probability: 4 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Hazardous Materials Incidents  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition Hazardous materials (Hazmat), consist of substances that by their nature, lack ofcontainment, and reactivity, have the capability for inflicting harm. Hazmat poses a threat to health and the environment when improperly managed. Hazmat can be toxic, corrosive, flammable, explosive, reactive, an irritant, or a strong sensitizer. Hazmat substances also include certain infectious agents, radiological materials, oxidizers, oil, used oil, petroleum products, and industrial solid waste substances. Hazardous materials can pose a threat where they are manufactured, stored, transported, or used. They are used in almost every manufacturing operation and by retailers, service industries, and homeowners. Hazardous material incidents are one of the most common threats to public health and the environment. Incidents may occur as the result of natural disasters, human error, terrorism, and/or accident. Hazmat incidents typically take five forms:

1. Fixed facility incidents
 Laws require those facilities to notify state and local authorities about what is being used or produced there and incidents with the materials can be planned for.

2. Transportation incidents
 Transportation incidents are more difficult to prepare for because it is impossible to know what material(s) could be involved until an accident occurs.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 372 | Section5

3. Pipeline incidents
 Pipelines carry natural gas and petroleum. Breakages in pipelines carry differing amounts of danger, depending on where and how the break occurs, and what is in the pipe.

4. Terrorism incidents (or suspected Terrorism)
 Intentional acts involving violence and/ or the threat of violence. Similar to transportation incidents, these occurrences are more difficult to prepare for due to unknown locations and substances.

5. Illegal Disposal / Abandonment
 Similar to transportation incidents, these occurrences are more difficult to prepare for due to unknown locations and substances.

History Many forms of hazardous materials are present in both the rural and urban areas ofRiverside County. They are present in permanent storage locations, roadway and railway transport mediums, long-distance pipelines, and at various industrial and agriculturalapplication sites. The County’s location, with its rail and highway transportation routes, and various industries, has a growing potential for serious hazardous materials incidents. Interstates 10, 15 and 215, and State Highways 60 and 91 are all heavily traveled bytrucks. Those trucks carry a wide variety of hazardous materials including gasoline,corrosives, oxidizers, pesticides, and radioactive materials. The railroad lines traveling throughout the County also carry some extremely hazardous cargoes. Fortunately, the railroads have a good safety record with regard to thetransportation of hazardous materials. Traffic on railroads is not as prevalent as on truck routes in Riverside County but poses a much greater problem when an accident is involved due to the volumes of hazardousmaterials on board. There is a great deal of air traffic along the airways above Riverside County with the March Air Reserve Base Palm Springs International Airport, French Valley Airport, Hemet-Ryan Airport, Riverside Municipal Airport, Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport and Bermuda Dunes Airport all operating within the County. The potential for a hazardous materialsincident exists, especially with respect to military operations. There are many pipeline distribution systems that traverse the County. These arediscussed in Section 5.3.20.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 373 | Section5Table 56: History of Hazmat Incidents in 2021/2022 The Riverside County Department of Environmental Health Hazardous MaterialsEmergency Response Program handled over 977 incidents in fiscal year (FY21/22) often in conjunction with Cal Fire countywide except for a few cities that handled Haz Matincidents within their jurisdiction. The incidents cover all areas described in the definition section.The administering agencies within Riverside County are responsible for the control of fixed hazardous materials facilities, including the Participating Agencies of Riverside Fire Department and Corona Fire Department.

EMD 5.1.25 374 | Section 5Risk Assessment The number of hazardous materials transported over rail and roadways on a daily basis is unknown, but estimated to be steadily increasing as our economy grows. There is the potential for a hazardous materials incident almost anywhere on the numerous highways and roads that crisscross Riverside County. The greatest concern focuses on the 10, 15, 60, 91, and 215 freeways. The most vulnerable areas along these routes are considered to be the on/off ramps and interchanges. A major concern with the trucking industry is the safe operation of their trucks. With the deregulation of the trucking industry, spot checks of trucks in many states, includingCalifornia, have shown that a large percentage of trucks currently in service are not insafe enough condition to be operated on public highways. Many industries are moving into the County. Many facilities exist today, with more construction forecast. To support these industries, the County is likely to realize a large increase in the transportation of toxic, flammable, and corrosive materials into and out ofthe County. With the increased use of hazardous materials, there is an increased need for safe hazardous waste management and disposal. There will be the increased transportation of hazardous materials waste to proper disposal sites located outside ofRiverside County. Illegal dumping and clandestine drug labs are also a hazardous materials problem.Although not exclusive to Riverside County, the County is a target for these activities due to its accessibility in the outlying areas and the open living conditions in the mountain and desert areas. No Class I landfills are operated in Riverside County. Seven Class III landfills are active in Riverside County. All accept only non-hazardous solid wastes and are located inunincorporated areas. Six of these landfills are operated by the Riverside County Waste Resources Department, while one (El Sobrante) is privately owned and operated. The El Sobrante, Badlands, Lamb Canyon, and Blythe landfills currently accept waste from outside of Riverside County. Blythe, however, only takes small loads or may refuse to acceptwaste because it is a relatively small facility. Hazardous waste generators include food and beverage processors as well as battery, semi- conductor, and metal container manufacturers, as well as automobile repairfacilities, munition manufacturers, utility districts, and other industries. Althoughhazardous waste generators are scattered throughout Riverside County, most of the large generators of hazardous waste are located in the western portion of the County, including in the cities of Corona, Jurupa Valley, Riverside, and Temecula.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 375 | Section 5Nearly all of Riverside County residents have some type of hazardous materials in their homes. Examples include motor oil, paints, cleaners, aerosols, and pesticides. Household hazardous materials pose serious health issues for people who improperly use or dispose of these materials. Adverse environmental impacts can occur when household hazardous materials are disposed of in unlined sanitary landfills, where these materials may leach through the soil and contaminate groundwater. Medical facilities, including clinics, hospitals, professional offices, blood and plasmacenters, and medical research facilities generate a wide variety of hazardous substances. These substances may include contaminated medical equipment or supplies, infectious biological matter, prescription medicines, and radioactive materials used in medicalprocedures. The disposal of medical waste is achieved by on-site autoclaving of redbagged waste (any medical waste that could possibly transmit a pathogen) and subsequently transported to a Class III landfill, or to a permitted incinerator. The RiversideCounty Department of Environmental Health has regulatory control over the disposal of medical and biological waste.  Effects on people and housing. Historical events in Riverside County have necessitated evacuations when a Hazmat incident occurs. Relative to some of the other natural hazards assessed earlier in this LHMP, the numbers of people affected by Hazmat incidents are usually less. The impact on the public’sconfidence in a jurisdictions ability to govern would be minimal.  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. There may be economic consequences due to Hazmat incidents, but the damage is generally limited toclean-up of facilities and grounds, or simply an interruption of business due toevacuation.  Effects on infrastructure. Hazmat incidents involving transportation may result in downed power lines. Also, Hazmat materials may impact waterways and drainage systems, and incidents can lead to the evacuation of schools, business districts, and residential areas.  Effects on agriculture & the environment. As noted previously, there is a long history of agricultural production in Riverside County. Agricultural activitiestypically include the storage and periodic application of pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, as well as the storage and use of toxic fuels and solvents. The infiltration of these substances may leach into local groundwater supplies, presenting anelevated risk of groundwater contamination.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 376 | Section 5 Risk Assessment Conclusion Although Hazmat incidents can have serious property damage and even loss of life,Hazmat accidents do not generally affect extremely large areas. Hazmat incidents present a real danger and are highly unpredictable in terms of determining when or where they will occur, but generally do not pose a serious threat to the ability of Riverside County torespond. Reasonable preparation by law enforcement, fire department, and medicalcommunity enables the County to deal with the majority of likely events. Many emergency workers prepare for Hazmat events as part of their ongoing training. Agencies andfacilities are also routinely equipped to deal with most events that might occur. Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading Effects Besides the immediate effect of a hazardous materials incident at the scene of theemergency, there are ancillary effects as well. For instance, there may be impacts on waterways and drainage systems, and the evacuation of schools, business districts, and residential areas. Map 39: Hazardous Material Facilities within the OA

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 377 | Section 5

5.3.23 Water Supply Disruption/Contamination Severity: 2 Probability: 3 OA Jurisdictions Affected by Hazardous Materials Incidents  All incorporated cities of Riverside County  Unincorporated areas of Riverside County Hazard Definition People exposed to water supply disruption or toxic pollutants caused by contaminations may be threatened by a number of health risks:
 Dehydration, hepatitis, and cancer  Eating contaminated food products, such as fish from contaminated waters; meat, milk, or eggs from animals that fed on contaminated plants; and fruits and vegetables grown in contaminated soil  Drinking water contaminated by toxic pollutants  Ingesting contaminated soil. Young children are especially vulnerable because they often ingest soil from their hands or from objects, they place in their mouths  Touching (making skin contact with) contaminated soil, dust, or water (for example, during recreational use of contaminated water bodies)
Risk Assessment According to the Environmental Protection Agency, there are four major types of drinking water contamination: physical, chemical, biological, and radiological. Physical contaminants primarily impact the physical appearance or other physicalproperties of water. Examples of physical contaminants are sediment or organic material suspended in the water of lakes, rivers, and streams from soil erosion. Chemical contaminants are elements or compounds. These contaminants may benaturally occurring or human-caused. Examples of chemical contaminants includenitrogen, bleach, salts, pesticides, metals, toxins produced by bacteria, and human oranimal drugs.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 378 | Section 5 Biological contaminants are organisms in water. They are also referred to as microbes or microbiological contaminants. Examples of biological or microbial contaminantsinclude bacteria, viruses, protozoan, and parasites. Radiological contaminants are chemical elements with an unbalanced number ofprotons and neutrons resulting in unstable atoms that can emit ionizing radiation.Examples of radiological contaminants include cesium, plutonium, and uranium. Source: https://www.epa.gov/ccl/types-drinking-water-contaminantsGround water contamination is also a major threat because of its use for drinking water and irrigation. Potential groundwater contaminants include storage tanks, septic systems, hazardous waste, landfills, chemicals and road salts, and littering. Map 40: Water Systems in Riverside County Source: waterboards.maps.arcgis.com Map illustrated water systems in Riverside County. Blue stars represent in compliance water systems, red stars are systems out of compliance.  Effects on people and housing. The effect on housing is relatively low, but the effect on people may be devastating. Though the County encourages residents to store at least 72 hours of water for their household, the reality is only a smallpercentage actual partake in that practice. This means that in the event ofdisruption or contamination that renders usable water sources limited, people may become dehydrated and suffer from other serious health issues such as cancer. In the event that contamination happens during the summer months whentemperatures reach 90-105, the population is at an even higher risk. The impact

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 379 | Section 5 on the public’s confidence in the jurisdictions ability to govern following an incident would be minimal.  Effects on commercial and industrial structures. The effect to structures is relatively low.
 Effects on infrastructure. The effect to structures is relatively low.  Effects on agriculture and the environment. Water contamination could devastate agriculture in Riverside County. The contaminant could be poisonous to crops andlivestock. Depending on the level of exposure, entire field could be damaged to the point of total loss. This can impact the Environment overall as pollutants could kill off plantsleading to death of animals reliant upon the effected plant life.

HistoryMarch 2, 2017 – 198 residents were exposed to water contaminated with uranium in the unincorporated area of Pinyon Pines.

Risk Assessment ConclusionDue to high levels of monitoring and preparedness within water agencies, the threat of water contamination is fairly low. However, it could greatly impact the county if it is caused by a cascading event such as an earthquake.Relationship to Other Hazards – Cascading EffectsThe loss of water could drastically affect other human-caused and natural hazards. In the event of an earthquake where pipelines are damaged, it could greatly reduce the amount of water available to fight fires. The amount of water available to residents would also be drastically reduced.

EMD 5.25.25 380
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14.B.

EMD 5.1.25 381 | Section 6
Section 6.0 National Flood Insurance Program Public Law 90-448 of 1968, known as the National Flood Insurance Act, established the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) which provides for federal governmentunderwriting of flood insurance policies sold by private companies. Supported by anational mapping system showing boundaries for 100- and 500-year floodplains, the NFIP encourages local governments to direct development away from floodplain areas ormitigate flood risks through local floodplain management regulations. Through theCommunity Rating Service (CRS), the NFIP provides for financial incentives in the form of lower insurance rates for local communities encouraging mitigation of flood hazards in a manner parallel to rate incentives related to private fire insurance and enforced by the mortgage industry. The National Flood Insurance Act was modified in 1994 to provide for flood hazard mitigation planning and project grants. The unincorporated community of Riverside County joined the NFIP on April 15, 1980. Currently, unincorporated Riverside County is one of 30 local communities that participate in the NFIP. Please refer to the table on the following page for participating jurisdictions.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 382 | Section 6 Table 57: Jurisdictions and Authorities Participating with National Flood Insurance Program

CID COMMUNITY
NAME

INIT FHBM INIT FIRM

IDENTIFIED

CURR EFF

MAP DATE

REG-EMER DATE

IDENTIFIED TRIBAL
060763E AGUA CALIENTE

BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS TRIBE
06/21/74 03/02/83 04/19/17 06/21/96 Yes
060246# BANNING 03/15/74 10/17/78 08/28/08 10/17/78 No 060247# BEAUMONT 04/05/74 10/17/78 08/18/14 10/17/78 No 060248# BLYTHE 05/10/74 06/30/76 (NSFHA) 06/30/76 No 060740# CALIMESA - 08/28/08 08/28/08 05/01/91 No 060753E CANYON LAKE - 05/15/80 04/19/17 09/15/98 No 060704# CATHEDRAL CITY - 05/01/85 08/28/08 11/12/82 No 060249H COACHELLA, 05/17/74 09/30/80 03/06/18 03/07/18 (S) No 060250# CORONA 05/24/74 05/15/78 08/28/08 05/15/78 No 060251# DESERT HOT

SPRINGS
05/24/74 04/02/79 08/28/08 04/02/79 No
060155# EASTVALE - 08/28/08 08/28/08 06/05/13 No 060253E HEMET 05/24/74 09/29/78 04/19/17 09/29/78 No 060254E INDIAN WELLS 06/28/74 09/14/79 04/19/17 09/14/79 No 060255E INDIO 05/31/74 09/14/79 03/06/18 09/14/79 No

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 383 | Section 6 060286# JURUPA VALLEY - 08/18/14 08/18/14 09/23/13 No 060709E LA QUINTA - 06/19/85 04/19/17 07/01/85 No 060636E LAKE ELSINORE 06/28/74 09/17/80 04/19/17 09/17/80 No 060176E MENIFEE - 08/28/08 04/19/17- 05/03/12 No 065074# MORENO VALLEY - 06/18/87 08/18/14 06/18/87 No 060751# MURRIETA - 04/15/80 08/28/08 06/09/93 No 060256# NORCO 05/17/74 02/15/79 08/28/08 02/15/79 No 060629E PALM DESERT 06/14/77 04/15/80 04/19/17 04/15/80 No 060257E PALM SPRINGS 06/21/74 03/02/83 04/19/17 03/02/83 No 060258# PERRIS 09/06/74 04/16/79 08/18/14 04/16/79 No 060259E RANCHO MIRAGE - 09/14/79 04/19/17 09/14/79 No 060245E RIVERSIDE COUNTY
- 04/15/80 03/22/22 04/15/80 No
060260# RIVERSIDE 07/19/74 01/06/83 08/28/08 01/06/83 No 065056E SAN JACINTO - 09/28/73 04/19/17 09/28/73 No 060742# TEMECULA - 09/02/93 08/28/08 08/28/91 No 060221# WILDOMAR - 08/28/08 08/28/08 01/20/11 No (E) Indicates Entry in Emergency Program (S) Indicates Suspended Community NSFHA: No Special Flood Hazard Area 6.1 Community Rating System The County of Riverside and all cities within the County participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Riverside County Ordinance NO. 458 Regulating SpecialFlood Hazard Areas and Implementing the National Flood Insurance Program was last updated on January 25, 2022.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 384 | Section 6 Riverside County also participates in the Community Rating System (CRS). The rating system is a voluntary NFIP program that aims to reduce flood damages to insurableproperty, strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the NFIP, and encourage a comprehensive approach to floodplain management. In addition to the county, severalcities participate in CRS including Lake Elsinore, Moreno Valley, Murrieta, and PalmSprings. The most active in the Community Rating System within the County is Riverside County and the City of Palm Springs. Their high scores in the system allow residents within their communities to receive a 20 percent discount on their flood insurance premium which is the highest discount off of flood insurance (Class 6). Table 58: Community Rating System Eligible Communities Community
Number
Community
Name
CRS
Entry
Date
Current
Effective
Date
Current
Class
%
Discount
for SFHA
Status
060245
Riverside
County 10/01/10 04/01/22 6 20 C
060636
Lake
Elsinore 10/01/09 05/01/14 8 10 C
065074
Moreno
Valley 10/01/91 10/01/96 8 10 C
060751 Murrieta 10/01/97 05/01/18 9 5 C060257
Palm
Springs 10/01/92 05/01/11 6 20 C
Note: SFHA, Special Flood Hazard Areas Source https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/documents/fema-crs-eligiblecommunities_apr-2022.pdf

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023 EMD 5.1.25 385 | Section 6

6.2 Repetitive Loss PropertiesAreas which have flooded in the past are highly likely to experience recurring flooding. The repetitive nature of flood damage is cause for concern. FEMA, in coordination with the state, identifies California’s top Repetitive Loss (RL) Communities. Riverside County is not a top Repetitive Loss community. Riverside County unincorporated areas only have eleven identified repetitive loss properties. That is an increase of four properties since the 2012 plan. Two of the eleven repetitive loss properties have been mitigated and theRiverside County Flood Control District is investigating ways to mitigate the remainingnine properties so as to avoid future flooding incidents. Options being considered are both structural and non-structural mitigation measures.Table 59: Riverside County Repetitive Loss Properties City Mitigated? Insured? Date of Loss Date of Loss Total Paid LAKE ELSINORE YES NO 02/14/1980 01/05/1979 $91,618.83 LAKE ELSINORE NO NO 12/04/1982 03/15/1980 $21,052.64 LAKE ELSINORE NO NO 04/15/1983 08/11/1980 $ 6,436.09 HEMET YES NO 03/02/1983 09/06/1981 $ 2,684.06RIPLEY NO NO 09/23/1983 07/23/1983 $ 6,602.15CORONA NO NO 01/04/1995 12/04/1987 $ 70,282.69THOUSAND PALMS NO NO 12/22/2010 10/17/2005 $ 26,331.18 THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 02/25/2005 $ 44,272.25THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 12/22/2010 $ 29,896.05THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 12/22/2010 $ 33,345.35THOUSAND PALMS NO YES 09/08/2014 01/22/2010 $ 119,638.09 Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023 EMD 5.1.25 386 | Section 6
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14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 387 | Section 7Section 7.0 – Capabilities Assessment 7.1 Regulatory Mitigation Table Table 60: Regulatory Tools Regulatory Tool Yes/No Comments
General Plan Yes General Plan updated 2021Zoning Ordinance Yes Amended through Ordinance No. 348.4978 on January 25, 2022: Providing for Land Use Planning
And Zoning Regulations andRelated Functions of theCounty of Riverside effective 02/24/22 Subdivision Ordinance Yes Amended through Ordinance No. 460.154 on September 19, 2017: Subdivision Regulations Site Plan Review Requirements Yes Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015, Building and Safety Department submission requirements Growth Management Ordinance Yes Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015, Floodplain Ordinance Yes Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015, Riverside County Ordinance No. 458: Regulating Flood Hazards and Implementing the National Flood Insurance Program, last amended 8/28/08 Other special purpose ordinance (storm water, water conservation, wildfire) Yes
Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015, Riverside County Ordinance No. 754: Establishing Stormwater/Urban Runoff Management and Discharge Controls, Ordinance No. 859: The Water Efficient Landscaping Requirements, Ordinance No, 787: Adopting the 2016 California Fire Code as Amended 1/1/17.

Building Code Yes
Riverside County Ordinance 457: Building Codes and Fees, California Building Code, 2022 Fire Department ISO rating Yes Rating: 4 (Under reevaluation, expected update in October 2017) Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 388 | Section 7 Erosion or sediment control program Adopted updates to General Plan on December 15, 2015Storm Water Management Program Yes Riverside County Ordinance No. 754: Establishing Stormwater/Urban Runoff Management and Discharge Controls, Riverside County Flood Control Storm Water Protection Program Capital Improvements Plan Yes CIP Budget and proposals updated in November 2015Economic Development Plan Yes Riverside County Economic Development Strategic Action Plan – 2013-2016, Riverside County Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) 2015/2016 Annual Update Local Emergency Operations Plan Yes Riverside County Emergency Operations Plan updated in February 2006Flood Insurance Study or other engineering study for streams Yes County of Riverside Environmental Impact Report No. 521, Section 4.11 March 2014, Riverside County Unincorporated Areas Flood Insurance Study, 2008 Master Drainage Plan Yes

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EMD 5.1.25 389 | Section 7

7.2 Administrative/Technical Mitigation Table
Table 61: Administrative/Technical Mitigation Tools
Department/Position Yes/No Personnel/Resources
Agricultural Commissioner’s Office Yes Agricultural Biologist, EOC Responders Assessor’s Office Yes Parcels information, Loss Estimates, Planners
Environmental Health Yes Program Chief, Hazmat and Environmental Specialist, EOC Responder’s
Public Health Yes Nurses, Program Managers, EOC
Responder’s, Behavioral Health programs that provide resources and information for community members and mentally ill individuals.

Emergency Management Department Yes Division Chiefs, Program Coordinators, Emergency Services Coordinators, Administrative Services Personnel Emergency Medical Yes EMS Specialist, Agency Chief, EOC Responder’s
Animal Services Yes Chief Operations, Executive Management, Animal Control Officers, Administrative Personnel, EOC Responder’s, Riverside Emergency Animal Rescue System (R.E.A.R.S.) Riverside County Fire Yes Firefighters I/II, Engineers, Captains, Battalion Chiefs, Division Chiefs, Deputy Chiefs, County Fire Chief, Prevention Specialists, Forester’s, Emergency Services Coordinators, Emergency Services program Supervisor, Deputy Director, Incident Management Teams, AdministrativeServices Personnel Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 390 | Section 7 Flood Control Yes Flood Control Specialist and Managers, Engineers, GIS Specialists, EOC Responders
Sheriff’s Office Yes Sherriff’s Emergency Response Team (SERT) members, EOC Responders
Roads Yes Engineers, EOC Responder’s, Highway
Operations Superintendent
Building and Safety Planning Dept. Yes Planners, Principal Building Inspectors, Engineers, EOC Responders
Geographic Information System Yes GIS Specialist, CIS Supervisors, GIS Analysts, EOC Responders
Information Technology Yes Chief Information Officer, IT Officers, EOC Responders, Communication, Field assets, IT Support
Air Quality Management District Yes Air Monitoring Waste Management Yes Operations Supervisor, Hazardous Waste Supervisor, Specialist, Engineers
Disaster Corps Yes Trained Volunteers, Deployment Capabilities both in the Operational Area and Statewide.

Radio Amateur Civil EmergencyServices (R.A.C.E.S.)
Yes Radio Operators, EOC Responders

14.B.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 391 | Section 77.3 Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities Table 62: Fiscal Mitigation Capabilities
Financial Resources Accessible/Eligible
to Use (Yes/No)
Comments
Community Development Block Grants
Yes Must meet eligibility
requirements
Capital improvements project funding
Yes Funds set aside every
fiscal year for each Board of Supervisor’s district
Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes
Yes With voter approval
Impact fees for new development Yes Planning, Fire, Building & Safety
Incur debt through general obligation bonds
Yes With voter approval
Incur debt through special tax bonds Yes With voter approval Pre-Hazard Mitigation Grants Yes Post-Mitigation Grants Yes Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 392 | Section 77.4 Funding Opportunities Table 63: Grant Funding Opportunities for Mitigation Grant Name Agency Purpose Contact
Resilience Grant (BRIC)
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency To support states, local communities, tribes and territories as they undertake hazard mitigation projects, reducing the risks they face from disasters and natural hazards.

FEMA 500 C. Street, SWWashington, DC 20472 Phone: (202) 646-4621www.fema.gov Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency To prevent future losses of lives property due to disasters; to implement State of local hazard mitigation plans; to enable mitigation measures to be implemented during immediate recovery from a disaster; and to provide funding for previously identified mitigation measures to benefit the disaster area.

FEMA500 C Street S.W.Washington, DC 20472 Phone (202) 646-4621 www.fema.gov Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) U.S. Department of
Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency
To help States and communities plan and carry out activities designed to reduce the risk of flood damage to structures insurable under the NFIP.

FEMA 500 C Street S.W.Washington, DC 20472 Phone (202) 646-4621 www.fema.gov

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 393 | Section 7 Emergency Management Performance Grants (EMPG)
U. S. Department of Homeland Security; Federal Emergency Management Agency To encourage the development of comprehensive emergency management at State and local levels and to improve emergency management planning, preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery capabilities.

FEMA500 C Street S.W.Washington, DC 20472 Phone (202) 646-4621 www.fema.gov Community Development Grant Program (CDBG)
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
To develop viable urban communities by providing decent housing and a suitable living environment. Principally for low-tomoderate income individuals.

HUD 451 7th Street, S. W. Washington, DC 20410-7000Phone: (202) 708-3587www.hud.gov Public Assistance Program (PA)
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency To provide supplemental assistance to States, local governments, and certain private nonprofit organizations to alleviate suffering/hardship resulting from major disasters or emergencies declared by the President. Under Section 406, Public Assistance funds may be used to mitigate the impact of future disasters.

FEMA500 C Street S.W.Washington, DC 20472 Phone (202) 646-4621 www.fema.gov Emergency Watershed Protection
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service To provide emergency technical/financial
assistance to install or repair structures that reduce runoff and prevent soil erosion to safeguard life and property.

NRCSPO BOX 2890Washington, DC 20013 Phone: (202) 720-3527www.nrcs.usda.gov Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 394 | Section 7 Land and Water Conservation Fund Grants
U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service To acquire and develop outdoor recreation areas and facilities for the general public, to meet current and future needs.

NPS PO Box 37217Washington DC 20013-7127Phone: (202) 565-1200www.nps.gov Disaster Mitigation and Technical Assistance Grants
U.S. Department of Commerce, Economic
Development Administration
To help States and localities to develop and /or implement a variety of disaster mitigation strategies.

EDA Herbert C. Hoover Building Washington, DC 20230 Phone: (800) 345-1222www.eda.gov Watershed Surveys and Planning
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service To provide planning assistance to Federal, State, and local agencies for the development of coordination water and related land resources programs in watersheds and river basins NRCSPO Box 2890Washington, DC 20013 Phone: (202) 720-3527www.nrcs.usda.gov National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP)
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency To mitigate earthquake losses that can occur in many parts of the nation providing earth science data and assessments essential for warning of imminent damaging earthquakes, landuse planning, engineering design, and emergency preparedness decisions.

FEMA500 C Street S.W.Washington, DC 20472 Phone (202) 646-4621 www.fema.gov

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 395 | Section 7 Assistance to Firefighters Grant
U. S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency Competitively awarded project grants to provide direct assistance, on a competitive basis, to fire departments for the purpose of protecting the health and safety of the public and firefighting personnel against fire and fire-related hazards.

FEMA500 C Street S.W.Washington, DC 20472 Phone (202) 646-4621 www.fema.gov Fire Management Assistance Grants
U. S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency To provide project grants and the provision of specialized services for the mitigation, management, and control of fires that would constitute a major disaster.

FEMA500 C Street S.W.Washington, DC 20472 Phone (202) 646-4621 www.fema.gov Engineering for Natural Hazards
National Science Foundation
Supports fundamental research thatadvances knowledge for understanding and mitigating the impact of natural hazards on constructed civil infrastructure.

National Science FoundationPhone: (703) 292-7024https://www.nsf.gov Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 396 | Section 77.5 Mitigation Outreach and Partnerships In addition to the capabilities and funding sources listed in sections 7.1 – 7.4, Riverside County provides training, exercises, workshops and volunteer management to non-profit organizations, faith-based organizations, businesses, and other local municipalities and programs to better accomplish mitigation. Various communities as well as County of Riverside Emergency ManagementDepartment provides Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training to thepublic and county employees. Following a major disaster, first responders who provide fire and medical assistance will not be able to immediately meet all of the demands for their services. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Program provides for community and employee self-sufficiency in order to meet the general public's urgent life-saving and sustenance needs until emergency personnel arrive. The CommunityEmergency Response Team (CERT) Program educates people about disaster preparedness and trains them in basic response skills, such as fire safety, light search and rescue, and disaster medial operations. CERT members assist their fellowcitizens/coworkers in their community or workplace following a disaster. CERT members take an active role in their community by preparing for a disaster, thus reducing their own impact risk.There are various jurisdictions that support CERT Programs within the County, including Riverside County EMD, Beaumont, Corona, Indio, La Quinta, Lake Elsinore, Cathedral City, Moreno Valley, Murrieta, Palm Springs, Perris, Riverside, Temecula, San Jacinto, Menifee, Wildomar, Canyon Lake, Rancho Mirage, Desert Hot Springs, Palm Desert,Blythe and the town of Idyllwild. In addition to the volunteer program, EMD coordinates the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES), a group of licensed radio amateurs who operate duringdeclared emergencies. Once activated by local, county or State jurisdictions, RACES may assist any agency to provide emergency communications support as requested by the County of Riverside. RACES members trains volunteers how to operate amateur radios to mitigate communication failures. RACES members conduct radio tests to ensurecritical facilities, including hospitals, maintain redundant communications in case of afailure. The County manages the Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) which coordinates the skills of practicing and retired physicians, nurses and other health professionals as well as other citizens interested in health issues. MRC focuses on these specific personnel who are eager to volunteer in order to address their community's ongoing public health needs and to help their community during large-scale emergency situations. MRCvolunteers may also serve a vital role by assisting their communities with ongoing public

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 397 | Section 7
health needs through public awareness of disease outbreaks, immunizations, screenings, health and nutrition education and volunteering in community health centers and local hospitals. EMD joins forces with the Riverside University Health System – Public Health (RUHSPH) by providing a flu clinic for community members to receive their flu shot free ofcharge. This clinic provides a means for the County to mitigate pandemic flu as a hazard by vaccinating more people, reducing the impact or risk of a pandemic flu outbreak. EMD coordinates with RUHS-PH, the Riverside Emergency Medical Services Agency(REMSA), hospitals, local health care facilities, and other disciplines to develop theannual Statewide Medical Health Exercise (SWMHE). Each year the state selects ascenario focusing on testing objectives designed to improve understanding of response procedures, building collaborative relationships, and identify areas of improvement. The SWMHE plays a critical role in the on-going support to Public Health and Medical preparedness and mitigation efforts by local, regional, and State agencies. Participation in the exercise allows hospitals, ambulance providers, law enforcement, and fire to test and validate policies, plans, procedures, training, equipment, and agreements. Inaddition, it helps clarify and train personnel in roles and responsibilities, improveinteragency coordination, identify gaps in resources and response plans, strengthenrelationships among all participating agencies, meet various requirements from regulatory and accreditation agencies. EMD provides a Healthcare Operations Decontamination (HCO-D) course to trainhospital staff and county first responders to improve their abilities, mitigating hazmatincidents. This course allows healthcare workers to improve their response capabilities, reducing the impact of the hazmat incident on patients, community members and their facilities. Workshops and trainings on plan developing are offered by EMD staff to assistjurisdictions create plans that can address mitigation actions for affecting hazards. For example, Point of Dispensing (POD) trainings and workshops are provided to cities and other disciplines in Riverside County to allow them to be prepared and diminish the effect of a disease outbreak. With the help of EMD, the jurisdictions can create an approved plan that will list some of the actions they have or would like to have in place to prevent their community members from being affected by emerging / re-emergency infectiousdiseases. EMD administers the Hospital Preparedness Program (HPP) grant. The grant provides funds to purchase emergency equipment, ensuring hospitals, clinics, and long-termfacilities throughout the county are equipped with the proper supplies to help prevent and Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 398 | Section 7 mitigate the effects of disasters. The grant also funds training for healthcare workers to increase their skills and abilities in mitigating hazards. Citizen Corps Councils have additionally been established in the Temecula, LakeElsinore, Wildomar and Jurupa Valley. These provide a cadre of credentialed volunteers for the jurisdiction to utilize during a disaster response. Riverside County has an established General Plan that was updated and adopted inDecember 2021. According to the County’s Transportation & Land Management Agency (TLMA), the plan is designed to ensure that the County retains its core identity by guiding future growth. This growth should respect the diversity of the region and configuredevelopment in relation to the land it occupies and ensures that its various parts relate. Itis the County's over-arching policy to document for land use matters. It also determines housing needs, need for roads, and locations for commercial and industrial use will be better suited throughout the County for the next 20 years and beyond. The overallimplementation process of the MJLHMP can be supported by the General Plan through the incorporation of mitigation actions, goals, or polices. The Zoning Ordinance for Riverside County administers the County’s General Plan. TLMA states that while the General Plan identifies land use designations in the long-term, the Zoning Ordinance identifies specific and immediate uses for land. The General Plan’s successful implementation can only occur if the County of Riverside Zoning Ordinance is updated and consistent with the plan as state law mandates General Plan-Zoningconsistency and is able to implement the long-term intent of the Plan. Implementation of mitigation actions that include improving structures can be accomplished by adoptingthem into this Ordinance. The Subdivision Ordinance for Riverside County is mandated by State law to conduct a local approval of land subdivision via the Subdivision Map Act. TLMA implies that local review of proposed subdivisions and parcel maps includes assessment of consistencywith, and implementation of, the County’s General Plan. This ordinance can have theability to support the implementation of mitigation objectives and policies stated in theMJLHMP. 7.5.1 Opportunities for Enhancement to Capabilities The 2021 MJLHMP update provided the County and the participating jurisdictions anopportunity to review and update the capabilities currently in place to mitigate hazards. This also provided an opportunity to identify where capabilities could be improved or enhanced. Specific opportunities include:

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 399 | Section 7
Safety Plan Update: Riverside County should pursue AB2104 compliance. AB 2140was passed in 2006, this legislation allows California counties and cities to adopt their current, FEMA-approved local hazard mitigation plans (LHMPs) into the Safety Element of their General Plans. This adoption makes the county eligible to be considered for part or all of its local-share costs on eligible Public Assistance funding to be provided by the state through the California Disaster Assistance Act (CDAA). While Riverside Countydoes identify the MJLHMP within the General Plan Safety Element, the county shouldincorporate the 2023 MJLHMP to become eligible for CDAA funding in the event of adisaster; this process also ensures further consistency of each plan and provides anopportunity to reference the MJLHMP and enhance the capabilities for implementation of goals and objectives of each plan.

A comprehensive update of the Safety Element to
include hazards and mitigation strategies addressed in the MJLHMP update will align and integrate the general plan.Safety Plan Outreach: Riverside County sees opportunity to increase OA emergencymanager awareness of the General Plan Safety Element to enhance an understanding of potential impacts from hazards and further develop applicable plans to incorporate allefforts to mitigate threats within the County. Specific actions to improve this include:
 Expanding knowledge of the MJLHMP and the General Plan Safety Element to the OA jurisdictional Emergency Managers and County departments who haveresponsibilities tied to public safety and community development.  Further developing relationships with public safety and community development representatives to create an improved multijurisdictional approach to hazardmitigation.  Hold additional working sessions with the County Planning Department, the MLJHMP Steering Committee and the Emergency Management Departmentduring updates to the General Planning Safety Element to ensure the capabilities and hazards are addressed effectively.

Training: Provide training opportunities to help inform County staff and OA jurisdictional representatives on how best to integrate hazard information and mitigation projects into their programs. Riverside County has identified an Integrated Preparedness Plan which will incorporates multiple jurisdictions. There are also several financial resources that the County could leverage in the future for funding mitigation training efforts. County EMD staff can attend additional workshops and training regarding grant funding applicationprocess and how to develop successful grant applications under applicable hazardmitigation grants. Understanding the types of projects that can be funded, and thecomponents of a successful application will enhance the chances of a successful grant award.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 400 | Section 7 Hazard Assessment and Project Development Tool Training and TechnicalAssistance: Providing technical assistance and training for hazard assessment tools and mitigation project development tools such as HAZUS and a Business Cost Analysis (BCA) will allow the County and OA Jurisdictions to improve hazard mitigation overall. County subject matter experts are available to discuss these topics so the OA can improve on these efforts by expanding the number of trained staff within the County. Hazard Mitigation Specialist: The County could appoint or assign someone in EMD to oversee hazard mitigation grant opportunities. This could be a follow-up goal to the Cal OES grant training. This specialist can notify the County departments and OA jurisdictions of upcoming grant cycles, and support tracking and completing the Notice of Intent (NOI) applications, grant applications, and final grant management reporting requirements.Related financial opportunities for enhancement should include applying for HMA grants, such as BRIC and HMGP funding as it becomes available. The Hazard MitigationSpecialist should also focus on funding mitigation actions that mitigate criticalinfrastructure, provide protection for those most vulnerable in the community, addressclimate change, public health hazards, extreme heat, flooding, other climate-related hazards and needed and related climate adaptation strategies. Improvement Outreach to disadvantaged communities: The county recently hiredadditional Emergency Services Coordinators (ESC) with specific tasks of improvingcommunity outreach. These ESCs can improve Hazard Mitigation Awareness in targeted communities of the County that are identified as vulnerable or disadvantaged in theHealthy Places Index (HPI) created by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California. These communities may necessitate more targeted outreach and engagement. Efforts to improve this could include:
 Establishment of focus groups composed for community members identified in the HPI to advise on mitigation efforts and provide feedback on future plan revisions.  Additional integration with Community Based Organizations and Faith Based programs that serve those HPI disadvantaged communities to create hazardmitigation awareness.  Participation at additional community events within disadvantaged communities to educate the public and solicit public feedback on projects/future plan revisions.

Increased public enrollment of AlertRivCo: Alert RivCo allows emergency managers and public safety-first responders to rapidly alert and warn the public in the event ofemergencies. Increasing the public’s awareness in the Alert RivCo through the use ofOutreach ESC’s and improving the enrollment process for this system will enhance the Counties ability to reach a larger population in the event of an emergency.

14.B.

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 401 This page intentionally left blank.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 402 | Section 8Sectio n 8.
0 – Goals an
d Strategies

8.1 Goals and ObjectivesGoal 1: Reduce Loss of Life and Injuries Objective 1.1: Provide timely notification and direction to the public in preparation for imminent and potential hazards.

Objective 1.2: Protect public health and safety through mitigation, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the effects of natural,technological or human-caused disasters.

Objective 1.3: Reduce hazard impacts and protect life, property and the environment from damages.

Objective 1.4: Improve understanding of the type, location and effects of hazards and vulnerabilities, as well as measures needed to protect life.

Goal 2: Reduce Hazard Related Property Losses
Objective 2.1: Encourage new development to occur in locations that avoid or minimize exposure to hazards. Continue to utilize County Ordinance 458, in concerns to NFIP and flood hazard areas and CountyOrdinance 460, in concerns to land use.

Objective 2.2: Reduce hazard related property losses by enforcing strong building codes.

Objective 2.3: Reduce repetitive losses for fire, flood, and earthquakes by encouraging protective measures and by anticipating future events.

Objective 2.4: Reduce hazard impacts to critical facilities, utilities and services through the implementation of low-cost mitigation strategies.

Objective 2.5: Continue to strengthen land use regulations in high hazard areas.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 403 | Section 8Goal 3: Protect the Environment Objective 3.1: Mitigate the impact of recurring drought conditions that impact both ground water supply and the agricultural industry.

Objective 3.2: Reduce hazards that adversely impact habitats, especially in regions with endangered species.

Goal 4: Maintain Coordination of Disaster Planning and Integrated Public Policy Objective 4.1: Incorporate changes within Cal OES and FEMA that may affect public policy and planning.

Objective 4.2: Incorporate mitigation related activities into other disaster planning mechanisms, such as the Riverside County General Plan andCapital Improvement Plan.

Goal 5: Improve Community and Agency Awareness
Objective 5.1: Increase public threat awareness in concerns to the nature and extent of hazards they may be exposed to and where they can occur.

Objective 5.2: Improve mitigation and hazard related outreach to businesses, county departments, and stakeholders to increase theirunderstanding of the threats within the county and actions they can take to reduce those hazard impacts.

8.2 Prioritizing Strategies For the 2023 MJLHMP, the County assessed each strategy based on the goals andobjectives in the MJLHMP and the General Plan. The process used by the County toprioritize goals and their respective objectives consisted of an evaluation of the hazards and their threat from the 2023 LHMP reviewing any events that occurred 2017 to 2023 and evaluating these against potential impacts. The participating Cities and Special Districts have identified their mitigation strategies in their stand-alone Annexes that are specific to their area of authority or jurisdiction. 8.3 Future and Current Mitigation Strategies The Riverside County General Plan, adopted in December 2021, includes the following policies and recommendations for new construction and proposals in Safety Element 4:

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 404 | Section 8 Earthquake Hazards: S 2.1 * Minimize fault rupture hazards through enforcement of Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act provisions and the following: (AI 80, 91, 152). a) Require geologic studies or analyses for critical structures, lifelines, highoccupancy, schools, and high-risk structures, within 0.5 miles of all Quaternary to historic faults shown on the Earthquake Fault Studies Zones map. The County geologist shall review and make recommendations based on the results to reduce the potential risk. County of Riverside General Plan S-10 September 28, 2021 b) Request geologic trenching studies within all designated Earthquake Fault Studies Zones, unless adequate evidence, as determined by the Riverside County Geologist, is accepted. The County of Riverside may request geologic trenching of nonzoned faults for especially critical or vulnerable structures or lifelines. c) Require that infrastructure systems, such as energy, communications, and transportation infrastructure be designed to resist, without failure to the extent feasible, their crossing of a fault, should fault rupture occur. d) Support efforts by the California Department of Conservation, California Geological Survey, to develop geologic and engineering solutions in areas of ground deformation due to faulting and seismic activity, in those areas where a fault cannot be reliably located. e) Encourage and support efforts by the geologic research community to define better the locations and risks of Riverside County faults. Such efforts could include data sharing and database development with regional entities, other local governments, private organizations, utility agencies or companies, and local universities. Flood Hazards: S 3.1 * All residential, commercial, and industrial structures should be flood-proofed, to the maximum extent possible and as required by law, from the mapped 100-year storm flow, or to an appropriate level determined by site-specific hydrologicalstudies for areas not mapped by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.This may require that the finished floor elevation be constructed at such a height as to meet this requirement. Nonresidential (commercial or industrial) structures may be allowed with a “flood-proofed” finished floor below the Base FloodElevation (i.e., 100- year flood surface) to the extent permitted by state, federal, and local regulations. New critical facilities should be constructed above-grade to the satisfaction of the Building Official, based on federal, state, or other reliablehydrologic studies. Residential commercial, and industrial structures shall meetthese standards as a condition of approval. (AI 25, 59, 60, 88)

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 405 | Section 8S 3.2 * Agricultural, recreational, or other low-intensity uses may be allowable within a 100-year floodplain if flood control and groundwater recharge functions are maintained. (AI 25, 59, 60)
S 3.3 * Prohibit alteration of floodways and channelization unless alternative methods of flood control are not technically feasible or alternative methods are used to themaximum extent practicable. The intent is to balance floodway protection withprudent land use solutions, recreational needs, and habitat requirements, and as applicable to provide incentives for natural watercourse preservation. (AI 25, 59, 60) a) Prohibit the construction, location, or substantial improvement of structures in areas designated as floodways, except upon approval of a plan which provides that the proposed development will not result in any significant increase in flood levels during the occurrence of a 100-year flood discharge. b) Prohibit the filling or grading of land for nonagricultural purposes and for non-authorized flood control purposes in areas designated as floodways, except upon approval of a plan which provides that the proposed development will not result in any significant increase in flood levels during the occurrence of a 100-year flood discharge. County ofRiverside General Plan S-14 September 28, 2021 S 3.4 * Prohibit substantial modification to watercourses, unless the modification does not adversely affect adjacent wetlands or riparian habitat or become detrimental toadjacent property as a result of increased erosion, sedimentation, or water velocity. Substantial modifications to watercourses shall be done in the leastenvironmentally damaging manner practicable and shall restore natural conditions to the greatest extent possible, to maintain adequate wildlife corridors and linkages and maximize groundwater recharge. (AI 25, 59, 60, 61) S 3.5 * Development within the floodway fringe should only be allowed if the proposed structures can be adequately flood-proofed and will not contribute to propertydamage or risks to public safety, as required by law. Such developments shall be required to be capable of withstanding flooding and minimize the use of fill.Compatible uses shall not, however, obstruct flows or adversely affect upstream or downstream properties with increased velocities, erosion backwater effects, or concentrations of flows. (AI 25, 59, 60, 61) S 3.6 * All projects in unincorporated Riverside County should address and mitigate where applicable, adverse impacts to the carrying capacity of local and regional stormdrain systems.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 406 | Section 8 S 3.7 Collaborate with neighboring jurisdictions to mitigate the impacts of new development in unincorporated Riverside County that could increase runoff onto parcels downstream in a neighboring jurisdiction and encourage neighboringjurisdictions to require development occurring adjacent to the county to consider the impact of flooding and flood-control measures on properties withinunincorporated Riverside County. (AI 62) S 3.8 * Update stormwater infrastructure design requirements as needed to maintain consistency with federal, state, and local regulatory requirements. (AI 25) S 3.9 * Ensure that new development projects and retrofits to existing large-scale projects incorporate design strategies and features to reduce the area of impervioussurfaces. (AI 4, 25, 100, 101, 156) S 3.10 Collaborate with the Rancho California Municipal Water District, Eastern Municipal Water District, and other dam owners to maintain all dams in Riverside County to a high degree of structural stability.

S 3.11 Consider identifying areas of poor drainage and installing new or upgrade existing drainage systems to accommodate drainage needs. Use natural infrastructure to the extent possible. (AI 148) Fire Hazards: S 4.1 * All development and construction within Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall be reviewed by the Riverside County Fire Department and Building and SafetyDepartment for consistency with the following requirements before the issuance of any building permits: (AI 25, 81.1, 81.2, 104.1) a) All proposed development and construction shall meet minimum state, county, and local standards and other legal requirements for fire safety, as defined in the Riverside County Building or FireCodes, or by County zoning, or as dictated by the Building Official or theTransportation Land Management Agency, based on building type, design,occupancy, and use. b) In addition to the standards and guidelines of the California Building Code, California Fire Code, the Riverside County Code of Ordinances,Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations, and other appropriate fire safetyprovisions, developments shall incorporate additional standards for high-risk, highoccupancy, and dependent facilities where appropriate under the Riverside County Fire Code (Ordinance No. 787) Ordinance. These shall include assurance thatstructural and nonstructural architectural elements of the building will not impede

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 407 | Section 8 emergency egress for fire safety staffing/personnel, equipment, and apparatus; nor hinder evacuation from fire, including potential blockage of stairways or firedoors. c) Proposed development and construction in Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall provide secondary public access, in accordance with Riverside Countyordinances, where required. There shall be multiple points of ingress and egress that allow for emergency response vehicle access. Points of access shall alsoinclude visible street addresses and signs and sufficient water supplies,infrastructure for structural fire suppression, and other applicable local and state requirements. d) Proposed development and construction in Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall use single loaded roads to enhance fuel modification areas, unlessotherwise determined by the Riverside County Fire Chief. e) Proposeddevelopment and construction in Fire Hazard Severity Zones shall provide adefensible space or fuel modification zones to be located, designed, constructed, and maintained to provide adequate defensibility from wildfires. f) Prior to theapproval of all parcel maps and tentative maps, the County shall require, as acondition of approval and as feasible and appropriate, the developer meet orexceed the State Responsibility Area Fire Safe Regulations and the Fire Hazard Reduction Around Buildings and Structures Regulations, particularly thoseregarding road standards for ingress, egress, and fire equipment access (see Gov. Code, Section 66474.02.) g) Proposed development and construction of more than four residential units or more than 10,000 square feet of nonresidential spacelocated in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones, or other appropriate zones as determined by the Riverside County Fire Department, shall submit and implement a fire protection plan as feasible and appropriate. This plan shall include provisions for roadways and access, firefighting infrastructure, signage, vegetationmanagement, construction materials, and evacuations. County of RiversideGeneral Plan S-18 September 28, 2021 S 4.2 Require continued long-term operation and maintenance of fuel breaks, brush management, controlled burning, revegetation, and fire roads by Riverside County and private landowners. (AI 25) S 4.3 Monitor fire-prevention measures (e.g., fuel reduction) through a site-specific fireprevention plan to reduce long-term fire risks in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones. (AI 25, 88)
S 4.4 * Discourage development and activities in areas with limited water and access roads, unless adequate measures are implemented. (AI 60) Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 408 | Section 8 S 4.5 * Require proposed development in High or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones be located where fire and emergency services are available or will be constructed as part of the proposed development activities, to the extent such locations areavailable. These services should meet the minimum response times as established by the Riverside County Fire Department. (AI 60, 61) S 4.6 * Request that conceptual landscaping plans for development in Fire Hazard Severity Zones be reviewed by TLMA and Fire Department prior to the issuance of development permits. The conceptual landscaping plan of the proposeddevelopment should, at a minimum, include: (AI 25) a) Plant palette suitable for high fire hazard areas to reduce the risk of fire hazards. b) Retention of existing natural vegetation to the maximum extent feasible. c) Removal of on-sitecombustible plants.

S 4.7 * Site design for development in Fire Hazard Severity Zones should be required to account for topographical conditions and reduce the increased risk for sites located near ridgelines, plateau escarpments, saddles, hillsides, peaks, or other areaswhere the terrain or topography affect its susceptibility to wildfires by: (AI 60, 81.2, 91) a) Providing fuel modification zones with removal of combustible vegetationwhile minimizing visual impacts and limiting soil erosion. b) Replacing combustible vegetation with fire resistant vegetation to stabilize slopes. c) Submittingtopographic map with site-specific slope analysis. d) Submitting erosion andsedimentation control plans. e) Providing a setback from the edge of the fuelmodification zones as deemed appropriate by the Fire Department. f) Minimizing disturbance of 25 percent or greater natural slopes. g) Or enacting other efforts as appropriate to provide comparable protection.

S 4.8 * Locate new critical public facilities outside of High or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones or other areas facing elevated risk of wildfire events. Criticalfacilities include emergency shelters, emergency command and communicationfacilities, and hospital and healthcare centers. If no feasible alternative site exists, ensure that these facilities incorporate all necessary protections to allow them to continue to serve community needs during and after disaster events. (AI 25, 60) County of Riverside General Plan September 28, 2021, S-19 S 4.9 * Site all new public facilities in areas outside of identified fire hazard severity zones and wildland urban interface or fire threat areas, as feasible. (AI 60)

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 409 | Section 8
S 4.10 * Establish neighborhood and building design standards that minimize fire hazards in high fire hazard severity zones, as feasible.

S 4.11 Collaborate with local governments to establish fire fuel management practices in local and regional parks and open spaces, as feasible
S 4.12 Identify existing public and private roadways in fire hazard areas not in compliance with contemporary fire-safe standards, including road standards, vegetationclearance, and other requirements of Sections 1273 and 1274 of the CaliforniaCode of Regulations to the extent resources are available. Work at retrofittingCounty-owned roadways as needed to meet current standards and require private property owners to do the same, to the extent feasible and given the absence of other site constraints. (AI 25, 81.1, 88, 101, 148, 156) S 4.13 Use ongoing brush clearance fire inspections to educate homeowners on fire prevention tips by implementing annual countywide weed abatement program. (AI 25, 96, 97) S 4.14 Coordinate with local fire agencies to develop high-visibility fire prevention programs, including those offering voluntary home inspections and promotingawareness of home fire prevention measures. (AI 96, 97, 98) General and LongRange Fire Safety Planning S 4.15 * Seek to conduct and implement long-range fire safety planning, including stringent building, fire, subdivision, and municipal code standards, improvedinfrastructure, and improved mutual aid agreements with the private and publicsector. (AI 88, 93) S 4.16 Continue to work cooperatively with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection and Tribal government fire departments to strengthen fire-fighting capabilities and successfully respond to multiple fires. (AI 4, 88, 150) S 4.17 Consider developing a program to use existing reservoirs, tanks, and water wells in the county for emergency fire suppression water sources. County of Riverside General Plan S-20 September 28, 2021 S 4.18 When updating the Safety Element, the Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, or at other times as appropriate, review inter-jurisdictional fireresponse agreements and improve firefighting resources as recommended in the Riverside County Fire Department Fire Protection Plan and Emergency Medical Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 410 | Section 8 Services (EMS) Strategic Master Plan. Ensure that fire response agreements and firefighting resources are able to meet current and future needs, includingincreased demand from new development and changing fire regimes. Ensure that: (AI 4, AI 88, 104, 104.1): • Fire reporting and response times do not exceed the goals listed in the Riverside County Fire Department Fire Protection Plan and EMS Strategic Master Plan identified for each of the development densities described in these plans. • Fire flow requirements (e.g., water for fire protection) areconsistent with Riverside County Ordinance 787, including requirements for firehydrant size and outlets, sprinklers, and other water supply needs. • The planned deployment and height of aerial ladders and other specialized equipment andapparatus are sufficient for future development types. • County firefightingagencies have access to water supplies that are regular, reliable, and sufficient to meet long-term needs, including accounting for changes in water supplyavailability.

S 4.19 Continue to use the Riverside County Fire Department Fire Protection Plan and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Strategic Master Plan as the foundational document to implement the Safety Element’s goals and objectives. (AI 59, 60,104.1, 104.4) S 4.20 * Encourage property owners to use clustering and Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) program when developing lands within Fire Hazard Severity Zones, as appropriate, by: (AI 59, 61) • Exploring restricting the development of a property through placement of conservation easement. • Considering acquiring theconservation easements similar to that of the Multiple Species HabitatConservation Plan (MSHCP).

S 4.21 Identify, map, and update Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps on an as-needed continual basis. (AI 25, 91)
S 4.22 Ensure that the Riverside County Fire Department has appropriate municipal staffing and Office of the Fire Marshall staff to address development pressure and adequately respond to expected future fire protection needs. (AI 59) S 4.23 * Implement a coordination program with fire protection and emergency service providers to reassess fire hazards after wildfire events and adjust fire prevention and suppression needs, including needs for new or revised development andreconstruction standards. (AI 104.6)

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Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 411 | Section 8 S 4.24 Implement a regional coordination program to increase support for coordination among fire protection and emergency service providers. County of RiversideGeneral Plan September 28, 2021, S-21 S 4.25 Implement a long-term fire protection training and education program for government agencies and communities. (AI 93)
S 4.26 Require as feasible automatic natural gas shutoff earthquake sensors in highoccupancy industrial and commercial facilities and encourage these sensors for all residences.

Wind Hazards: S 3.11 Require studies that address the potential of this hazard on proposed development within “High” and “Very High” wind erosion hazard zones as shown on Figure S-8, Wind Erosion Susceptibility Map.

S 3.12 Include a disclosure about wind erosion susceptibility on property title for those properties located within “High” and “Very High” wind erosion hazard zones asshown on Figure S-8, Wind Erosion Susceptibility Map.

S 3.13 Require buildings to be designed to resist wind loads. S 3.14 Educate builders about the wind environment and encourage them to design projects accordingly

8.4 On-going Mitigation Strategies 8.4.1 Earthquake Strategies Retrofitting Against Earthquake: Earthquake retrofitting measures include removing masonry overhangs that will fall onto the street during shaking. Bracing the building provides structural stability but can be very expensive. Less expensive approaches may be more cost effective for an area like that faces a relatively low earthquake threat. These include tying down appliances, waterheaters, bookcases and fragile furniture so they won’t fall over during a quake andinstalling flexible utility connections that will not break when shaken.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 412 | Section 8

8.4.2 Flood Strategies Generally, natural, human-caused, and technological hazards impact people andimproved property the most. Vacant space may incur damages as well, but the threat to life and property is greatly decreased. In some cases, properties can be modified so the hazard does not reach the damage-prone improvements. Flooding is the one of thosehazards that can be kept away from a structure. There are five common methods to do this:
 Retrofit the building  Create a barrier between the building and the source of flooding  Move the building out of the flood-prone area  Elevate the building above the flood level  Demolish the building Retrofitting Against Flooding: Flood retrofitting measures include dry flood proofing where all areas below the floodprotection level are made watertight. Walls are coated with waterproofing compounds or plastic sheeting. Openings (doors, windows, and vents) are closed, either permanently, with removable shields, or with sandbags. Dry flood proofing of new and existingnonresidential buildings in the regulatory floodplain is permitted under State, FEMA and local regulations. Dry flood proofing of existing residential buildings in the floodplain isalso permitted as long as the building is not substantially damaged or being substantially improved. Owners of buildings located outside the regulatory floodplain can always use dry flood proofing techniques. The alternative to dry flood proofing is wet flood proofing: water is let in and everything that could be damaged by a flood is removed or elevated above the flood level. Structural components below the flood level are replaced with materials that are not subject to water damage. This is the approach used for the first floor of the elevated homes. For example, concrete block walls are used instead of wooden studs and gypsum wallboard. Thefurnace, water heater, and laundry facilities are permanently relocated to a higher floor. Where the flooding is not deep, these appliances can be raised on blocks or platforms. Barriers: An effective way of keeping flood water away from a structure is to construct a barrier. This barrier can be built of dirt or soil, berms, concrete, steel, a floodwall or through a simple sand-bagging operation. In areas subject to flash flooding, deep waters, or other high hazard, relocation and evacuation is often the only safe and responsible approach.

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Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 413 | Section 8Careful design is needed so as not to create flooding or drainage problems on neighboring properties. Depending on how porous the ground is, if floodwaters will stay up for more than an hour or two, the design needs to account for leaks, seepage of water underneath, and rainwater that falls inside the perimeter. This is usually done with a sump and/or drain to collect the internal groundwater and surface water and a pump and pipe to pump the internal drainage over the barrier. Barriers can only be built so high. They can be overtopped by higher-than-expected flood waters. Barriers made of earth are susceptible to erosion from rain and floodwaters if not properly sloped, covered with grass, and maintained.

A berm can settle over time,
lowering its protection level. A floodwall can crack, weaken, and lose its watertight seal. Therefore, barriers need careful design and maintenance (and insurance on the building, in case of failure). Relocation: Moving a structure to higher ground is the surest and safest way to protect it from flooding. While almost any building can be moved, the cost goes up for heavier structures, such as those with exterior brick and stone walls, and for large or irregularly shaped buildings.

However, experienced building movers can handle most job. In areas subject to flash flooding, deep waters, or other high hazard, relocation is often the only safe approach. Relocation is also preferred for large lots that include buildable areas outside the floodplain or where the owner has a new flood-free lot (or portion of the existing lot) available. Elevation: Raising a building above the flood level can be almost as effective as moving it out of the floodplain. Water flows under the building, causing little or no damage to the structure or its contents. Raising a building above the flood level is cheaper than moving it and can be lessdisruptive to a neighborhood. Elevation has proven to be an acceptable and reasonable means of complying with floodplain regulations that require new, substantially improved, and substantially damaged buildings to be elevated above the base flood elevation. One concern with elevation is that it may expose the structure to greater impacts from other hazards. If not braced and anchored properly, an elevated building may have less resistance to the shaking of an earthquake and the pressures of high winds.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 414 | Section 8 Demolition: Some buildings, especially heavily damaged or repetitively flooded ones, are not worth the expense to protect them from future damage. It is cheaper to demolish them andeither replace them with new, flood protected structures (“pilot reconstruction”), or relocate the occupants to a safer site. Demolition is also appropriate for buildings that are difficult to move —such as larger, slab foundation, or masonry structures —and for
dilapidated structures that are not worth protecting. Generally, demolition projects areundertaken by a government agency, so the cost is not borne by the property owner, and the land is converted to public open space use, such as a park. One potential problem is sometimes an acquisition and demolition project is a“checkerboard” pattern in which nonadjacent properties are acquired. This can occurwhen some owners, especially those who have and prefer a waterfront location, prove reluctant to leave. Creating such an acquisition pattern in a community simply adds to the maintenance costs that taxpayers must support. 8.4.3 Fire Strategies Wildfire: One way to lessen the threat of a fire is by keeping fuel away from buildings. This is called the concept of “defensible space.” Defensible space involves providing sufficient space between the structure and flammable vegetation. Within this space, the fire service has room to battle the wildfire before it reaches thestructure or to stop a structural fire before it ignites the wildland vegetation. With sufficient defensible space, the structure even has a chance to survive on its own when fire service personnel and equipment are not available, as often happens during a significant wildfire. The 2003 Fire Siege was perhaps the worst fire disaster in Southern California history. The firestorm that raged through the region consisted of 14 major fires that quicklyexhausted resources and lasted for multiple weeks. The lessons from that fire seasonserved as a warning for everyone living in areas prone to fire danger and resulted instronger fire prevention and mitigation efforts. In January 2005 a new state law became effective that extended the defensible space clearance around homes and structures from 30 feet to 100 feet. Proper clearance to 100 feet dramatically increases the chance of your house surviving a wildfire. This defensible space also provides for firefighter safety when protecting homes during a wildland fire. Riverside County Ordinance No. 859 Water Efficient Landscape Requirements mentions the use of defensible space and avoiding the use of fire-prone plant materials. Ordinance

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Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 415 | Section 8No. 695 Abatement of Hazardous Vegetation effective July 16, 2009, states “a onehundred (100) foot wide strip of land around structure(s) located on an adjacent improved parcel.”Riverside County has a Fire Protection contract with Cal Fire and utilizes many of their materials to educate individuals on why they should maintain a proper defensible space. Public Fire Education: Family Escape Plan: In a County as fire prone as Riverside, you can never be too fire safe. ThroughoutSouthern California, wildfire danger is a year-around threat. The goal is to make each and every home more fire safe. Residents are asked to make sure they have a fire escape plan, and that they practice what to do in an emergency. Smoke Alarms: Over ninety-three percent of all homes in the United States have at least one smokealarm. The bad news is that one third of them are not working. The County encourages residents to make sure their smoke alarms are operating correctly by testing themregularly. 8.4.4 All Hazard Strategies Facility Audits: Audit recommendations should provide information that can identify measures forprotecting the property from hazards. Property protection measures and approaches can include the following:
 Modify the site to keep the hazard from reaching the building  Modify the building so it can withstand the impacts of the hazard  Insure the property owner receives the opportunity for financial relief after the damage has occurred, this is usually received under the owner’s insurance policies or technical and financial assistance can be provided by a government agency  Burying utility lines is a retrofitting measure that addresses earthquakes, winds from tornadoes, thunderstorms, and the ice that accompanies winter storms.  Installing or incorporating backup power supplies minimizes the effects of power losses caused by downed lines.
 Roofs can be replaced with materials less susceptible to damage by hazards, such as modified asphalt or formed steel shingles and other fireproof materials Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 416 | Section 8  Wildfire mitigation in residential properties can include installing spark arrestors on chimneys.
 Winter storm retrofitting measures include improving insulation on older buildings, relocating water lines from outside walls to interior spaces, and insulating water lines in crawlspaces and under elevated buildings.  Windows can be sealed or covered with an extra layer of glass (storm windows) or plastic sheeting.

8.5 Mitigation Actions
The Agency Inventory Document and Mitigation Strategies and Actions were used by the County and each participating city and districts to review the possible mitigation actions that would be appropriate for each jurisdiction. This is based on how the Riverside County planning area can reduce the vulnerability of people, property, infrastructure, natural, and cultural resources to future disaster losses. Only those actions where the County is the lead jurisdiction are detailed further in Section 4.3. Actions specific to other participating jurisdictions are detailed in the jurisdictional annexes. It is important to note that Riverside County and the participating jurisdictions havenumerous existing, detailed action descriptions, which include benefit-cost estimates, in other planning documents, such as the General Plan, community wildfire protection plans and capital improvement budgets and reports. These actions are part of this plan, and the details, to avoid duplication, should be referenced in their original source annex / LHMP. The Riverside County planning area also realizes that new needs and priorities may arise resulting from a disaster or other circumstances and reserves the right to support new actions, as necessary conforming with the overall goals of this plan.

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Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 418 | Section 9Sectio n 9.
0 Pla
n Implementatio
n an
d Maintenanc
e
Process Implementation and maintenance of the plan is critical to the overall success of hazard mitigation planning. This section provides an overview of the overall strategy for planimplementation and maintenance. It also outlines the method and proposed schedule for monitoring, updating, and evaluating the plan. The chapter will discusses incorporating the plan into existing planning mechanisms and how to address continued publicinvolvement. 9.1 Implementation The Riverside County Operational Area Multi-Jurisdiction Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is a partnership between the jurisdictions involved. Implementation prioritization isdetermined during the planning process and after taking funding into consideration.Economic constraints make low or no-cost actions most easily accomplished in planimplementation. A highly effective and low-cost implementation mechanism is the incorporation of ourhazard mitigation plan recommendations into Operational Area and other planning efforts discussed in more detail below. Another strategy is for participating jurisdictions toassimilate mitigation strategies into their day-to-day functions and priorities. This effort will be achieved by monitoring agenda, attending stakeholder meetings, and review ofprograms and policies for coordination and opportunities to implement mitigationstrategies. Riverside County Operational Area will also monitor funding opportunities to facilitate the implementation of more costly recommended actions. The County will assist in the identification of specialized pre- and post- disaster funds, state and federalearmarked funds, and other grant programs for opportunities to implement mitigationactions and identified projects. The primary duty of the participating jurisdictions is to participate in reporting to theircommunity governing boards and the public on the status of their plan implantation and mitigation opportunities and keep the County of Riverside EMD updated of changes to the status of their recommended actions or priorities. The primary duty of the County will be to promote mitigation action funding opportunities, organize Steering Committee

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 419 | Section 9meetings for plan evaluation and potential updates on a yearly basis and post any relevant information on the County website and others as appropriate. 9.2 Role of MJLHMP Steering Committee With the adoption of this plan, the participating jurisdictions will be responsible for the plan implementation and maintenance. The participating jurisdictions, led by County ofRiverside Emergency Management Department will work to maintain a MJLHMP Steering Committee to:
 Disseminate hazard mitigation activities and opportunities to all participants;  Encourage the implementation of high-priority, low-cost mitigation actions;  Monitor and identify cost-share and funding opportunities to support the community and recommended actions;
 Monitor and assist in implementation and evaluate updates of this plan;  Support and assist jurisdictions not included in the Multi-Jurisdictional Plan to develop their own local hazard mitigation plans;
 Report on plan progress and changes to participating jurisdictions.

9.3 Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms Incorporation of the hazard mitigation plan recommendations into other County andjurisdictional plans and policies is part of our implementation plan. Where possible the planning team will use existing plans and/or programs to implement hazard mitigationactions. This plan should also be cross-referenced when related planning mechanisms are updated. Mitigation is most successful when it is incorporated into the day-to-dayfunctions and priorities of government and development. As described in this plan’scapability assessment and jurisdictional annexes, the County and participatingjurisdictions already implement policies and programs to reduce losses to life andproperty from hazards. This plan builds upon the momentum developed through previous and related planning efforts and mitigation programs and recommends implementingactions, where possible, through these other program mechanisms.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 420 | Section 9 Plans include:
 County and City General Plans  County and City Emergency Operations Plans  County and City Ordinances  Flood and Storm-water Management Master Plans  Wildfire Protection Plans Capital Improvement Plans and Budgets  Other plans and policies outlined in the capability assessments in the jurisdictional annexes
 Other plans, regulation, and practices with a mitigation focus The Mitigation Planning Team involved in the updates to the planning mechanisms will be responsible for integrating the findings and recommendations of this plan with these other plans, programs, etc., as appropriate. As an action step to ensure integration with other planning mechanisms, an EMD designee will discuss this topic at the Operational Areas Planning Committee (OAPC) and/or Disaster Councils annually. The designee will discuss where there are opportunities to incorporate the plan into other planningmechanisms and who would be responsible for leveraging those opportunities.Jurisdictions participating in this plan will work with their Planning Committees to integrate their identified mitigation actions into their local plans and programs. Efforts to integrate the LHMP into local plans, programs, and policies will be reported on at OAPC annually. Efforts should continuously be made to monitor the progress of mitigation actionsintegrated into other planning mechanisms and, where appropriate, their priority actions should be incorporated into updates of this hazard mitigation plan. The process for incorporation of the 2018 MJLHMP into specific existing planningmechanisms include identifying hazards, goals, and strategies from the MJLHMP into the following documents:
 The Riverside County Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan  The County of Riverside Emergency Management Department Strategic Plan  The County of Riverside Emergency Management Department Program Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP) Plan
 The Riverside County General Plan Safety Element  The County of Riverside Operational Area Recovery Plan

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Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 421 | Section 99.4 Maintenance Updates and Record of Changes Plan maintenance will be an annual process by both the County and participatingjurisdictions to monitor and evaluate the plans’ implementation and to update the plan as progress, changes in actions or priorities, or changing circumstances are recognized. The County will notify Cal OES and FEMA with plan updates to ensure they have the most current version of a participating jurisdiction’s plan. County of Riverside Emergency Management Department, Planning Division, isresponsible for initiating plan reviews, consulting and organizing a Hazard MitigationSteering Committee Meeting and facilitating coordination with participating jurisdictions. In order to evaluate progress and update mitigation strategies, the County of Riverside EMD and the participating jurisdictions will review the plan annually and/or following adeclared emergency or disaster. County of Riverside EMD and participating jurisdictions will submit a five-year written update to Cal OES and FEMA Region IX, unless disaster or other circumstance (e.g., changing regulations) require a change to this schedule. A record of changes is included in this plan. See chart following the Update Process at end of the section. Maintenance Evaluation Process The yearly review of the plan will be presented and discussed at the Operational Area Planning Committee and/or the Disaster Council Meeting. The assessment will address:
 The goals and objectives and expected conditions such as the nature, magnitude, and/or type of risks have changed
 EMD report on any resources needed/changes to resources to implement the plan
 The EMD report will address the changes needed to implement the plan due to technical, political, legal, or coordination issues  A report on the progress on mitigation actions
Update Process Update strategies will be consistent with FEMA and CalOES requirements. Updates to this plan will:
 Consider changes in vulnerability due to action implementation;  Document and highlight instances where mitigation efforts have proven effective;
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 422 | Section 9  Document new hazards and identify any hazards that were previously overlooked;
 Incorporate any new data or studies on identified hazards and risks;  Incorporate growth and development-related changes to infrastructure inventories; and
 Incorporate any new action recommendations or changes in action or risk prioritization.

County of Riverside Emergency Management Department, Planning Division, willconduct a plan update at least 18 months prior to plan expiration. In addition, Riverside County EMD will seek grant funding to support the coordination and development of the plan update. After plan adoption, the MJLHMP Steering Committee in coordination with the EMD Planning team will conduct an annual review of the plan, identifying any sections in the plan that will require further updates. The sections identified for revision will beincluded in the next MJLHMP update. The EMD Planning team can hold additionalmeetings throughout the five-year cycle to address plan reviews and updates. Changes will be made to the plan to accommodate for actions that are no longer relevant due to shifting agendas, funding or no longer considered feasible. Record of Changes Chart DATE DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE NAME 8/7/23 Update contact information Brian MacGavin 8/7/23 Correct typos and formatting issues Brian MacGavin 4/28/25 Rankings and contact information changed, mitigation actions table updated
Branden Boyd

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Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 424 | Section 1010.0 Continued Public Involvement The Riverside County Operational Area Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan update process has provided an opportunity to solicit participation from new and existingstakeholders, publicize successful mitigation strategies and actions, and seek publiccomments. The County will continue its efforts to involve the public during the annual maintenance process and after any major events that lead to revisions in the plan. The Riverside County Emergency Management Department and participatingjurisdictions will be responsible for facilitating continued public and stakeholderinvolvement for their plan updates. They will do this through input from the HazardMitigation Steering Committee, public outreach meetings, web and social media postings, press releases and public hearings for the plan’s maintenance. There are also opportunities for participating jurisdictions to obtain and share information with their stakeholders by participating in the Operational Area Planning Committee and the Disaster Council meetings.

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Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 426 | Appendix AAPPENDIX A – Resolution Draft

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APPENDIX C – Public Outreach Presentations and Meetings Because many meetings were held virtually supporting documentation will be provided upon request.

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Public Outreach
Outreach Presentations and Updates
Meetings listed here were open to and attended by the public Date Name of Meeting Type of Presentation 1/13/2022 Operational Area Planning Committee (OAPC) Meeting
Informed OA on upcoming plan to update
1/27/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Managers Association (RCEMA)
MJLHMP status update
3/24/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update 4/13/2022 OA Steering Committee Review of hazards, goals, objectives and strategies 5/12/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 5/26/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update 6/15/2022 OA Update Kickoff Meeting LHMP discussion, Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update process, encouraged participation and Public Outreach
7/28/2022 OAPC MJLHMP status update 8/3/2022 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Update mitigation strategies and finalize hazard profile definitions
8/17/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements and timelines
8/18/2022 Riverside County Emergency
Management Health Care Coalition (RCEMHCC)
MJLHMP status update and outreach for participation
8/24/2022 LHMP Workshops X2 Educate participants on LHMP update requirements timeline 10/5/2022 OA MJHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting 11/3/2022 Operational Area Planning
Committee (OAPC) & Disaster Council Meeting
MJLHMP status update

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Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 580 | Appendix C
11/10/2022 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 1/4/2023 OA MJLHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines, risk assessment tools and progress mitigation action ranking & scoring and data collection and reporting 1/12/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 3/9/2023 RCEMA MJLHMP status update 3/23/2023 OAPC MJLHMP status update 4/3/2023 OA MJHMP Steering Committee Discussed timelines MLHMP & LHMP status updates Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 581 | Appendix CPlanning Process Participation by Jurisdiction Cities/ Districts
Agency Type Point of Contact
Planning Participant
Annex
Status
Kickoff
Mtg
Attended
Workshop
Attended
Email
Commu
nication
Phone/Zo
om/ in
person
Communi
cation
Planning Process Activities
Beaumont Unified School District
School District/ Education
Serenity Junge, Dir. of Risk Mgmt Yes Submitted 6/15/22 City of Banning City
Matthew Hamner, Chief of Police Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Beaumont City
Adrian Cardenas, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Blythe City
Kelly Thomas, CSO Yes Submitted
12/19/2
2 City of Calimesa City
Bonnie Johnson, City Manager Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Coachella City
MC Aguirre, ESC Yes Submitted 8/24/22
City of Corona City
Gina M McGough, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Desert Hot Springs City
Doria Wilms, Deputy City Manager Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 City of Eastvale City
Eva Terekhova, Em. Mgmt. Spec. Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/17/22 City of Hemet City Robert Gomez, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/17/22 City of Indian Wells City Michael Ornelas, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Jurupa Valley City
David French, Public Works Op. Mgr Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 City of La Quinta City
Dana Lagunas, Sr. Em. Mgmt. Coord. Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 City of Lake Elsinore City Rick DeSantiago, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 City of Menifee City Vanessa Barerra, EMA Yes See App. J 6/15/22
City of Moreno Valley City
Raquel Ortega, Sr. Admin Asst. Yes Submitted 8/17/22
City of Murrieta City
Rachel Hollinger, Dis. Prep. Coord. Yes Submitted 6/15/22

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 582 | Appendix C
City of Norco City Jeff Veik, Fire Chief Yes Submitted 6/15/22 City of Palm Desert City Michael Ornelas, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Palm Springs City
Daniel Deselms, EMC Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Perris City
David Martinez, Fire Marshall Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Rancho Mirage City Brian Kephart, ESC Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 City of San Jacinto City Caleb Hargis, Mgmt. Analyst Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 City of Temecula City
Mikel Alford, Emergency Manager Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Wildomar City
Daniel Torres, Comm. Svcs. Director Yes Submitted 6/15/22 Hemet USD
Special District/ Healthcare
Lucy Dressel, Safety, Risk Mgr Ben. Dir. Yes Submitted 6/15/22 Imperial Irrigation District Utilities
Robert Placido, ESC II Yes Submitted 6/15/22
Morongo Band of Mission Indians Tribe
David Ellsworth, EOC Manager Yes Submitted 7/14/22
Perris Union High School District
Special District/ Healthcare
Judy Miller, Dir. of Risk Mgmt Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 Rancho California Water District Utilities
Tom Marcoux, Safety and Risk Mgr Yes Submitted 6/15/22 8/24/22 Riverside County Office of Education
County/ Education
Michael D'Amico, Safety/Em. Prep Yes Submitted 8/17/22
San Jacinto Unified School District
School District/ Education
Dawn Lawrence, Safety Officer Yes Submitted 6/15/22
City of Canyon Lake City
Mike Borja, Admin. Services Manager Yes
Submissio
n Pending 1/10/23 2/7/23 ip
City of Indio City
Dennis Day, EOC Mgr Yes
Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22
City of Riverside City Mike Annas, EOC Yes
Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22 8/17/22
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 583 | Appendix C
Desert Healthcare District & Foundation
Special District/ Healthcare
Chris Christensen, Chief Admin Officer Yes
Submissio
n Pending
3/3/233/6/233/7/23
3/3/23 ph
3/13/23 zm 3/21/23 zm
Idyllwild Fire District Fire District Mark LaMont, Chief Yes Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22 8/24/22
Moreno Valley Unified School District
Special District/ Healthcare
Julissa Barragan, Secretary III Yes
Submissio
n Pending 6/15/22 8/24/22
City of Cathedral City
Craig Sanborn, Battalion Chief Yes
Dropped
Out 3/22
Metropolitan Water District Utilities
Ian White, Em. Mgmt Program Mgr Yes N/A 8/24/22
Pechanga Tribe Edward Chacon Yes
Dropped
Out 6/15/22
29 Palms Tribe Ana Gutierrez Yes Submitted 5/15/22 8/24/22 Coachella Valley Water District Utilities Greg Papazian Yes Dropped
Out 6/15/22 8/24/22
Riverside County Flood Control/Water
County/ Special District Guirguis, Iad Yes
County
Dept N/A 6/15/22
Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribe
Samantha Byrd, ESC No N/A
Desert Sands Unified
School District/ Education
Eduard Nacua, Director of Safety No N/A
Eastern Municipal WD Utilities
Zuzzette Bricker, Tech Insul. Em. Mgmt No N/A
Kaiser Hospital Riverside
Special District/ Healthcare
Corrie Sankey, Dir. Env. Health Svcs. No N/A
Lake Elsinore USD
Special District/ Healthcare
James Judziewicz, Risk Sup. No N/A
March AFB
Special District
Marvin Tucker, Chief Em. Mgmt. No N/A
Ramona Band of Indians Tribe
J Gomez, Project Mgr No N/A
Riverside Community College District
Special District/ Healthcare
Tu Beiwei, Dir. Of Risk Mgmt No N/A

14.B.

EMD 5.1.25 578
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Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation PlanApril 2023EMD 5.1.25 753 | Appendix DAPPENDIX D – Inventory Template

RIVERSIDE COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL

LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION AGENCY
2023 INVENTORY WORKSHEETS
Insert Jurisdiction/Agency Name
Insert Date

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 754 | Appendix D
Introduction: The completed documents will be reviewed by a planning team to determine their compliance with Cal OES and FEMA requirements. The Participation by a wide range of stakeholders in identifying and implementing mitigation actions is required. SPECIAL CONCERNS: Has the completed Letter of Commitment been returned to EMD? EMD must forward this completed Letter of Commitment to CAL OES.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Appendix E Section:

Local Jurisdiction Contact Information…………………………………....Section 1 Hazard Identification Questionnaire………………………………………Section 2 Specific Hazards Summary………………………………………………. Section 3
Jurisdiction Vulnerability Worksheet………………………………………Section 4 Jurisdiction Mitigation Strategies and Goals…………………………….Section 5 Local Jurisdiction Proposed Mitigation Action & Strategy Proposal…...Section 6 Local Jurisdiction Development Trends………………………………….Section 7 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Tool……………………………….Section 8 The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Tool is used by Cal OES and FEMA to verify all required information is in the submitted. Please refer to the document for information.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 755 | Appendix D
SECTION 1. LOCAL JURISDICTION CONTACT INFORMATION
The information on this page identifies:
 Jurisdiction and the contact person  Jurisdiction's service area size and population  EOP Plan and a Safety Element of their General Plan PLEASE PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:

Agency/Jurisdiction: Type Agency/Jurisdiction: Contact Person: Title: First Name: Last Name: Agency Address: Street:

City: State: Zip:

Contact Phone FAX E-mail Population Served Square Miles Served Does your organization have a general plan? Does your organization have a safety component to the general plan? What year was your plan last updated? Does your organization have a disaster/emergency operations plan? What year was your plan last updated? Do you have a recovery annex or section in your plan? Do you have a terrorism/WMD annex or section in your plan?

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 756 | Appendix DSECTION 2. Hazard Identification Questionnaire The purpose of the questionnaire is to help identify the hazards within your service area. The list was developed from the first round of meetings with the various working groups in the 2012 plan creation, and from the hazards listed in the County's General Plan. Each hazard is discussed in detail in the 2012 LHMP. The information will be used as the basis for each jurisdiction to evaluate its capabilities, determine its needs, and to assist in developing goals and strategies. The information identifies:
a) What hazards can be identified within or adjacent to the service area of the jurisdiction.
b) Which of those hazards have had reoccurring events? c) What specific hazards and risks are considered by the jurisdiction to be a threat specifically to the jurisdiction? ( These locations should be identified by name and location for inclusion in the Specific Hazard Summary Table). a. Specific types of facilities owned and operated by the jurisdiction. b. Locations damaged from prior disasters or hazard causing events. d) Information about the jurisdiction's EOC
With your Multi-Disciplinary Planning Team:
a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions, with your planning team: Review your old Questionnaire for accuracy and relevance, mark changes. b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts, with your planning team, meet and go over the questionnaire. Fill in YES, NO or NA on the Questionnaire.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 757 | Appendix D DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE:

AIRPORT IN JURISDICTION AIRPORT NEXT TO JURISDICTION DAIRY INDUSTRY POULTRY INDUSTRY CROPS/ORCHARDS DAMS IN JURISDICTION DAMS NEXT TO JURISDICTION LAKE/RESERVOIR IN JURISDICTION LAKE/RESERVOIR NEAR JURISDICTION JURISDICTION IN FLOOD PLAIN CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL EARTHQUAKE FAULTS IN JURISDICTION EARTHQUAKE FAULTS NEXT TO JURISDICTION MOBILE HOME PARKS NON-REINFORCED FREEWAY BRIDGES NON-REINFORCED BRIDGES BRIDGES IN FLOOD PLAIN BRIDGES OVER OR ACROSS RIVER/STREAM ROADWAY CROSSING RIVER/STREAM NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS FREEWAY/MAJOR HIGHWAY IN JURISDICTION FREEWAY/MAJOR HIGHWAY NEXT TO JURISDICTION FOREST AREA IN JURISDICTION FOREST AREA NEXT TO JURISDICTION WITHIN THE 50 MILES SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINES IN JURISDICTION MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINES NEXT TO JURISDICTION RAILROAD TRACKS IN JURISDICTION RAILROAD TRACKS NEXT TO JURISDICTION HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITIES IN JURISDICTION HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITIES NEXT TO JURISDICTION HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITIES IN JURISDICTION HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITIES NEXT TO JURISDICTION

DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION OWN OR OPERATE A FACILITY
IN A FLOOD PLAIN NEAR FLOOD PLAIN NEAR RAILROAD TRACKS NEAR A DAM UPSTREAM FROM A DAM DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM DOWNSTREAM OF A LAKE DOWNSTREAM FROM A RESERVOIR NEAR A CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL NEAR UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL ON AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT NEAR AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT WITHIN THE 50 MILE SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE IN A FOREST AREA NEAR A FOREST AREA

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 758 | Appendix D

NEAR A MAJOR HIGHWAY A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY NEAR A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY NEAR A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE NEAR A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE ANY LOCATIONS THAT:

HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY EARTHQUAKE AND NOT REPAIRED HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FLOOD HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FLOOD MORE THAN ONCE HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FOREST FIRE HAVE BEEN DAMAGED BY FOREST FIRE MORE THAN ONCE HAVE BEEN IMPACTED BY A TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENT HAVE BEEN IMPACTED BY A PIPELINE EVENT

EMERGENCY OPERATIONS INFORMATION
DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION HAVE AN EOC IS YOUR EOC LOCATED IN A FLOOD PLAIN NEAR FLOOD PLAIN NEAR RAILROAD TRACKS NEAR A DAM UPSTREAM FROM A DAM DOWNSTREAM FROM A DAM DOWNSTREAM OF A LAKE DOWNSTREAM FROM A RESERVOIR NEAR A CONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL NEAR UNCONTROLLED FLOOD CONTROL CHANNEL ON AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT NEAR AN EARTHQUAKE FAULT WITHIN THE 50 MILE SAN ONOFRE EVACUATION ZONE IN A FOREST AREA NEAR A FOREST AREA NEAR A MAJOR HIGHWAY A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY NEAR A HAZARDOUS WASTE FACILITY A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY NEAR A HAZARDOUS STORAGE FACILITY NON-REINFORCED BUILDINGS A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE NEAR A MAJOR GAS/OIL PIPELINE

OTHER FACILITY INFORMATION
ARE THERE LOCATIONS WITHIN YOUR JURISDICTION THAT:

COULD BE CONSIDERED A TERRORIST TARGET COULD BE CONSIDERED A BIO-HAZARD RISK With your planning team, list the “Yes” answers and discuss. Use the information as a group to summarize your jurisdiction’s hazards and vulnerabilities.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 733 | Appendix D
SECTION 3. SPECIFIC HAZARDS SUMMARY
This table helps to identify the information (name, owner, location, etc.) about the specific hazards identified in the Hazard Questionnaire. In the Summary Table, list the basic information of the hazards identified by the jurisdiction in the Hazard Identification Questionnaire as a potential threat. These specific hazards were used in the development of response plans, maps, and other analysis data.
a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, review the “Yes” answers and see if there were any changes, if so, summarize why there is a difference from the 2018. b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, review the “Yes” answers and discuss. Use the information as a group to summarize your jurisdiction’s hazards and vulnerabilities.

SPECIFIC HAZARDS SUMMARY
Jurisdiction Hazard Type Hazard Name In Jurisdiction? Adjacent to Jurisdiction?

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 734 | Appendix D
SECTION 4. JURISDICTION VULNERABILITY WORKSHEET
This table is a listing of the primary hazards identified. Participants were asked to evaluate the potential for an event to occur in their jurisdiction by hazard and the potential impact on the following:

1. Public (loss of life and injuries) 2. Responders 3. Continuity of operations for continued delivery of services 4. Property, facilities, and infrastructure 5. Environment 6. Economic condition of the jurisdiction 7. Ability to recover from the event and return to normal daily activities 8. Public confidence in the jurisdiction’s governance The jurisdictions were asked to rate the potential and severity using a scale of between 0 and 4 (4 being the most severe). The jurisdictions were also asked to rank the listed hazards as they relate to their jurisdiction from 1 to 20 (1 being the highest overall threat to their jurisdiction).

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 735 | Appendix D
NAME: AGENCY: DATE:

COUNTY LOCAL JURISDICTION
HAZARD

SEVERITY
0 - 4

PROBABILITY
0 - 4

SEVERITY
0 - 4

PROBABILITY
0 - 4

RANKING
1 - 20

1. EARTHQUAKE 2. WILDLAND FIRE3. FLOOD

OTHER NATURAL HAZARDS

4. DROUGHT 5. LANDSLIDES 6. INSECT INFESTATION7. EXTREME SUMMER/WINTER

WEATHER

8. SEVERE WIND EVENT

AGRICULTURAL

9. DISEASE/CONTAMINATION 10. TERRORISM

OTHER HUMAN-CAUSED

11. PIPELINE12. AQUEDUCT13. TRANSPORTATION14. POWER OUTAGE15. HAZMAT ACCIDENTS16. NUCLEAR ACCIDENT17. TERRORISM18. CIVIL UNREST19. JAIL/PRISON EVENT

MEDICAL

20. EMERGING / RE-EMERGING

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

21. PANDEMIC

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 736 | Appendix D
SECTION 5. JURISDICTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND GOALS This comprehensive table is a listing of the various mitigation strategies, goals, and objectives developed by the 2023 MJLHMP Steering Committee. The jurisdictions were also given the opportunity to list additional, strategies, goals, and objectives specific to either their jurisdiction or their workgroup (i.e., hospitals, agriculture, etc.). LOCAL JURISDICTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES AND GOALS with your panning team Instructions for updating jurisdictional and district LHMPs: Please review the table to determine the ranking from the 2018 MJLHMP. Instructions for new jurisdictions and districts: Please evaluate the priority level for each listed mitigation goal identified below as it relates to your jurisdiction / district. Please list any additional mitigation goals or recommendations at the end of this document. For mitigation activities priority levels use H for high, M for medium, L for low and N/A for not applicable.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 737 | Appendix
D

EARTHQUAKE
Aggressive public education campaign based on predictions Generate new literature for dissemination to:
◊ Government employees
◊ Businesses ◊ Hotel/motel literature ◊ Local radio stations for education ◊ Public education via utilities ◊ Identify/create television documentary content Improve the Emergency Alert System (EAS)
◊ Consider integration with radio notification systems ◊ Upgrade alerting and warning systems for hearing impaired ◊ Training and maintenance Procure earthquake-warning devices for critical facilities Reinforce emergency response facilities Provide training to hospital staffs Require earthquake gas shutoffs on remodels/new construction Evaluate re-enforcing reservoir concrete bases Evaluate EOCs for seismic stability Install earthquake cutoffs at reservoirs Install earthquake-warning devices at critical facilities Develop a dam inundation plan for new Diamond Valley Reservoir Earthquake retrofitting ◊ Bridges/dams/pipelines ◊ Government buildings/schools ◊ Mobile home parks Develop educational materials on structural reinforcement and home inspections (ALREADY DEVELOPED)Ensure Uniform Building Code compliance ◊ Update to current compliance when retrofitting
Insurance coverage on public facilities Funding for non-structural abatement (Earthquake kits, etc.) Pre - identify empty commercial space for seismic re-location Electrical co-generation facilities need retrofitting/reinforcement (Palm Springs, others?) Mapping of liquefaction zones Incorporate County geologist data into planning Backup water supplies for hospitals Evaluate pipeline seismic resiliency Pre-positioning of temporary response structures Fire sprinkler ordinance for all structures

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 738 | Appendix D
Evaluate adequacy of reservoir capacity for sprinkler systems Training/standardization for contractors performing retrofitting Website with mitigation/contractor/retrofitting information ◊ Links to jurisdictions ◊ Alerting information ◊ Volunteer information Evaluate depths of aquifers/wells for adequacy during quakes Evaluate hazmat storage regulations near faults

COMMUNICATIONS IN DISASTER ISSUES
Communications Interoperability Harden repeater sites Continue existing interoperability project Strengthen/harden Relocate Redundancy Mobile repeaters FLOODS
Update development policies for flood plains Public education on locations of flood plains Develop multi-jurisdictional working group on floodplain management Develop greenbelt requirements in new developments Update weather pattern/flood plain maps Conduct countywide study of flood barriers/channels/gates/water dispersal systems Required water flow/runoff plans for new development Perform GIS mapping of flood channels, etc. Install vehicular crossing gates/physical barriers for road closure Maintenance of storm sewers/flood channels Create map of flood channels/diversions/water systems etc. Require digital floor plans on new non-residential construction Upgrade dirt embankments to concrete Conduct countywide needs study on drainage capabilities Increase number of pumping stations Increase sandbag distribution capacities Develop pre-planned response plan for floods ◊ Evacuation documentation ◊ Re-examine historical flooding data for potential street re-design Training for city/county PIOs about flood issues Warning systems - ensure accurate information provided ◊ Publicize flood plain information (website?) ◊ Install warning/water level signage Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 739 | Appendix
D
◊ Enhanced public information ◊ Road closure compliance ◊ Shelter locations ◊ Pre-event communications Look at County requirements for neighborhood access
◊ Secondary means of ingress/egress
Vegetation restoration programs Ensure critical facilities are hardened/backed up Hardening water towers Terrorism Surveillance - cameras at reservoirs/dams Riverbed maintenance Evaluate existing lift stations for adequacy Acquisition of property for on-site retention Evaluate regulations on roof drainage mechanism Erosion-resistant plants Traffic light protection Upkeep of diversionary devices Install more turn-off valves on pipelines Backup generation facilities Identify swift water rescue capabilities across County

WILDFIRES
Aggressive weed abatement program
◊ Networking of agencies for weed abatement
Develop strategic plan for forest management Public education on wildfire defense Encourage citizen surveillance and reporting Identify hydrants with equipment ownership information Enhanced firefighting equipment Fire spotter program/red flag program ◊ Expand to other utilities
Research on insect/pest mitigation technologies Volunteer home inspection program Public education program ◊ Weather reporting/alerting ◊ Building protection ◊ Respiration Pre-identify shelters/recovery centers/other resources Roofing materials/defensive spacing regulations Community task forces for planning and education Fuel/dead tree removal

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 740 | Appendix D
Strategic pre-placement of firefighting equipment Establish FEMA coordination processes based on ICS Brush clearings around repeaters Research new technologies for identifying/tracking fires Procure/deploy backup communications equipment "Red Tag" homes in advance of event Provide fire-resistant gel to homeowners Involve insurance agencies in mitigation programs Clear out abandoned vehicles from oases Code enforcement Codes prohibiting fireworks Fuel modification/removal Evaluate building codes Maintaining catch basins

OTHER HAZARDS
Improve pipeline maintenance Wetlands mosquito mitigation (West Nile Virus) Insect control study Increase County Vector Control capacities General public drought awareness ◊ Lawn watering rotation
Develop County drought plan Mitigation of landslide-prone areas Develop winter storm sheltering plan Ease permitting process for building transmission lines Evaluate restrictions on dust/dirt/generating activities during wind seasons Rotational crop planning/soil stabilization Enhance agricultural checkpoint enforcement Agriculture - funding of detection programs Communications of pipeline maps (based on need to know) Improved notification plan on runaway trains Improve/maintain blackout notification plan. Support business continuity planning for utility outages Terrorism training/equipment for first responders ◊ Terrorism planning/coordination ◊ Staffing for terrorism mitigation Create a SONGS regional planning group
◊ Include dirty bomb planning
Cooling stations - MOUs in place Fire Ant eradication program Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 741 | Appendix
D
White Fly infestation abatement/eradication program Develop plan for supplemental water sources Public education on low water landscaping Salton Sea desalinization Establish agriculture security standards (focus on water supply) ID mutual aid agreements Vulnerability assessment on fiber-optic cable Upgrade valves on California aqueduct Public education ◊ Bi-lingual signs ◊ Power Outage information
Notification system for rail traffic - container contents Control and release of terrorism intelligence Develop prison evacuation plan (shelter in place?) Use the list and rankings to narrow down or identify “your” strategies. The mitigation strategy serves as the long-term blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment. The mitigation strategy includes the development of goals, objectives, and prioritized mitigation actions. Goals are general guidelines that explain what you want to achieve. They are broad policy statements and are usually long-term and represent global visions, such as “Protect Existing Property.”Objectives define strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals. Unlike goals, objectives are specific, measurable, and may have a defined completion date. Objectives are more specific, such as “Increase the number of buildings protected from flooding.”The development of effective goals and objectives enables the planning team to evaluate the merits of alternative mitigation actions and the local conditions in which these activities would be pursued. A potential mitigation action that would support the goal and objective goal example above is “Acquire repetitive flood loss properties in the Acadia Woods Subdivision.” In the 2018 MJLHMP, each jurisdiction was required to develop a Mitigation Strategy Proposal based on one of the following:

1. The strategy, goal, or objective rating of “High Priority” on the Local Jurisdiction Mitigation Strategies and Goals using the above worksheet

2. A specifically identified strategy, goal, or objective that was developed as part of one of the working groups planning sessions such as the hospitals or agriculture

3. A specifically identified strategy, goal, or objective that was developed as part of one of the jurisdiction’s internal working group planning sessions

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 742 | Appendix D
SECTION 6. LOCAL JURISDICTION PROPOSED MITIGATION ACTION AND STRATEGY PROPOSAL a. Instructions for Updating Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, please review the table from # 5, and determine your ranking.

Review the chosen Mitigation Strategy that your jurisdiction submitted. The updated plan must identify the completed, deleted, or deferred actions or activities from the previously approved plan as a benchmark for progress. If the mitigation actions or activities remain unchanged from the previously approved plan, the updated plan must indicate why changes are not necessary. Further, the updated plan shall include in its prioritization any new mitigation actions identified since the previous plan was approved or through the plan update process. b. Instructions for New Jurisdictions and Special Districts: With your planning team, use the “High Priority” rated strategy, goal or objective as a starting point to determine your Mitigation Strategy Proposal.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 743 | Appendix D

LOCAL JURISDICTION PROPOSED MITIGATION ACTION AND STRATEGY PROPOSAL Jurisdiction: Contact: Phone:

MITIGATION STRATEGY INFORMATION
Proposal Name: Proposal Location: Proposal TypePlace an "X" by the type of mitigation strategy (one or more may apply) Flood and mud flow mitigation Fire mitigation Elevation or acquisition of repetitively damaged structures or structures in high hazard areas Mitigation Planning (i.e., update building codes, planning develop guidelines, etc.) Development and implementation of mitigation education programs Development or improvement of warning systems Additional Hazard identification and analysis in support of the local hazard mitigation plan Drinking and/or irrigation water mitigation Earthquake mitigation Agriculture - crop related mitigation Agriculture - animal related mitigation Flood inundation/Dam failure Weather/Temperature event mitigation

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED MITIGATION STRATEGY
Proposal/Event History
List any previous disaster related events (dates, costs, etc.) Description of Mitigation Goal Narrative:

Give a detailed description of the need for the proposal, any history related to the proposal. List the activities necessary for its completion in the narrative section below, including estimated timeline (how long will it take).

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 744 | Appendix D
Does your jurisdiction have primary responsibility for the proposal? If not, what agency does? Yes X No Responsible Agency:

FUNDING INFORMATION
Place an "X" by the proposed source of funding for this proposal Unfunded proposal - funds are not available for the proposal at this time Local jurisdiction General Fund Local jurisdiction Special Fund (road tax, assessment fees, etc.) Non-FEMA Hazard Mitigation Funds Local Hazard Mitigation Grant Funds - Future Request Hazard Mitigation Funds Has your jurisdiction evaluated this mitigation strategy to determine its cost benefits? (i.e., has the cost of the mitigation proposal been determined to be beneficial in relationship to the potential damage or loss using the attached Cost/Benefit Analysis Sheet or another internal method) As part of this process, each Submitting Jurisdiction is required to perform a cost-benefit analysis. They were required to answer the question at the bottom of the Proposal page that asks if they had conducted a Cost-Benefit Analysis of some type. This analysis was conducted either by completing a Cost Benefit form or by some other approved method. Many of the jurisdictions used the cost-effective analysis approach outlined in the FEMA publication, Cost and Benefits of Natural Hazards Mitigation. This cost-benefit analysis was not restricted to natural hazards.

In some cases, the jurisdiction or working group identified a proposal that highlighted a life- safety issue over a standard hazard proposal. This was done when there was either historical data or other sources of information indicating that the life-safety issue needed to be emphasized or brought to the public’s attention.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 745 | Appendix D
SECTION 7. LOCAL JURISDICTION DEVELOPMENT TRENDS QUESTIONNAIRE

LAND USE ISSUES - COMPLETE THE INFORMATION BELOW
This questionnaire identifies a comparison of specific land use issues between 2012, 2017 and 2022. The questionnaire also identifies the specific threat potential to the jurisdiction in relationship to residential and commercial structures along with critical facilities. This threat potential is focused on structural loss rather than dollar-value loss as it relates to the three main natural hazards – earthquakes, floods, and wildland fires. The determination of dollar-value loss relating to commercial and critical facilities was found to be very limited and a difficult task to establish. This issue will be addressed in future updates of the Plan.

The questionnaire also requires the jurisdiction to identify the process it will use to maintain their portion of the Plan.

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023 EMD 5.1.25 746 | Appendix D
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 748 | Appendix
D
SECTION 8. LOCAL MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL
The Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool demonstrates how the Local Mitigation Plan meets the regulation in 44 CFR §201.6 and offers States and FEMA Mitigation Planners an opportunity to provide feedback to the community. • The Regulation Checklist provides a summary of FEMA’s evaluation of whether the Plan has addressed all requirements.
• The Plan Assessment identifies the plan’s strengths as well as documents areas for future improvement.
• The Multi-jurisdiction Summary Sheet is an optional worksheet that can be used to document how each jurisdiction met the requirements of each Element of the Plan (Planning Process; Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment; Mitigation Strategy; Plan Review, Evaluation, and Implementation; and Plan Adoption).

The FEMA Mitigation Planner must reference this Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide when completing the Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool.

Jurisdiction: Title of Plan:

Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
Date of Plan:

Local Point of Contact: Address: Title: Agency: Phone Number: E-Mail: State Reviewer: Title: Date: FEMA Reviewer: Title: Date: Date Received in FEMA Region (insert #)Plan Not Approved Plan Approvable Pending Adoption Plan Approved

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 749 | Appendix
D
SECTION 1: REGULATION CHECKLIST INSTRUCTIONS: The Regulation Checklist must be completed by FEMA. The purpose of the Checklist is to identify the location of relevant or applicable content in the Plan by Element/sub-element and to determine if each requirement has been ‘Met’ or ‘Not Met.’ The ‘Required Revisions’ summary at the bottom of each Element must be completed by FEMA to provide a clear explanation of the revisions that are required for plan approval. Required revisions must be explained for each plan sub-element that is ‘Not Met.’ Sub-elements should be referenced in each summary by using the appropriate numbers (A1, B3, etc.), where applicable. Requirements for each Element and sub-element are described in detail in this Plan Review Guide in Section 4, Regulation Checklist.

1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(section and/or
b )
Met
Not
Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) Met ELEMENT A. PLANNING PROCESS A1. Does the Plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared and who was involved in the process for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1)) A2. Does the Plan document an opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, agencies that have the authority to regulate development as well as other interests to be involved in the planning process? (Requirement §201.6(b)(2)) A3. Does the Plan document how the public was involved in the planning process during the drafting stage? (Requirement §201.6(b)(1)) A4. Does the Plan describe the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information? (Requirement §201.6(b)(3)) A5. Is there discussion of how the community(ies) will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(iii)) Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 750 | Appendix
D

1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(section and/or
b )
Met
Not
Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) Met A6. Is there a description of the method and schedule for keeping the plan current (monitoring, evaluating and updating the mitigation plan within a 5-year cycle)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i)) ELEMENT A: REQUIRED REVISIONS ELEMENT B. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT B1. Does the Plan include a description of the type, location, and extent of all natural hazards that can affect each jurisdiction(s)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i)) B2. Does the Plan include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i)) B3. Is there a description of each identified hazard’s impact on the community as well as an overall summary of the community’s vulnerability for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) B4. Does the Plan address NFIP insured structures within the jurisdiction that have been repetitively damaged by floods? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) ELEMENT B: REQUIRED REVISIONS ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGYC1. Does the plan document each jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)) C2. Does the Plan address each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii)) C3. Does the Plan include goals to reduce/avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(i))

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 751 | Appendix D

1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(section and/or
b )
Met
Not
Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) Met C4. Does the Plan identify and analyze a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects for each jurisdiction being considered to reduce the effects of hazards, with emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii)) C5. Does the Plan contain an action plan that describes how the actions identified will be prioritized (including cost benefit review), implemented, and administered by each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iv)); (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii)) C6. Does the Plan describe a process by which local governments will integrate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms, such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, when appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii)) ELEMENT C: REQUIRED REVISIONS ELEMENT D. PLAN REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION (applicable to plan updates only)D1. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in development? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) D2. Was the plan revised to reflect progress in local mitigation efforts? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) D3. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in priorities? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) ELEMENT D: REQUIRED REVISIONS ELEMENT E. PLAN ADOPTIONE1. Does the Plan include documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval? (Requirement §201.6(c)(5)) Plan Adoption/ Resolution Page 4 all plans
E2. For multi-jurisdictional plans, has each jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan documented formal plan adoption? (Requirement §201.6(c)(5)) Plan Adoption/ Resolution Page 4 all plans
Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 752 | Appendix D

1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in
Plan
(section and/or
b )
Met
Not
Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) Met ELEMENT E: REQUIRED REVISIONS ELEMENT F. ADDITIONAL STATE REQUIREMENTS (OPTIONAL FOR STATE REVIEWERS ONLY; NOT TO BE COMPLETED BY FEMA)F1. F2. ELEMENT F: REQUIRED REVISIONS

14.B.

Riverside Operational Area
Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 753 | Appendix D
SECTION 2: PLAN ASSESSMENT INSTRUCTIONS: The purpose of the Plan Assessment is to offer the local community more comprehensive feedback to the community on the quality and utility of the plan in a narrative format. The audience for the Plan Assessment is not only the plan developer/local community planner, but also elected officials, local departments and agencies, and others involved in implementing the Local Mitigation Plan. The Plan Assessment must be completed by FEMA. The Assessment is an opportunity for FEMA to provide feedback and information to the community on: 1) suggested improvements to the Plan; 2) specific sections in the Plan where the community has gone above and beyond minimum requirements; 3) recommendations for plan implementation; and 4) ongoing partnership(s) and information on other FEMA programs, specifically RiskMAP and Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs. The Plan Assessment is divided into two sections:

1. Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement 2. Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement is organized according to the plan Elements listed in the Regulation Checklist. Each Element includes a series of italicized bulleted items that are suggested topics for consideration while evaluating plans, but it is not intended to be a comprehensive list. FEMA Mitigation Planners are not required to answer each bullet item and should use them as a guide to paraphrase their own written assessment (2-3 sentences) of each Element. The Plan Assessment must not reiterate the required revisions from the Regulation Checklist or be regulatory in nature and should be open-ended and to provide the community with suggestions for improvements or recommended revisions. The recommended revisions are suggestions for improvement and are not required to be made for the Plan to meet Federal regulatory requirements. The italicized text should be deleted once FEMA has added comments regarding strengths of the plan and potential improvements for future plan revisions. It is recommended that the Plan Assessment be a short synopsis of the overall strengths and weaknesses of the Plan (no longer than two pages), rather than a complete recap section by section. Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan provides a place for FEMA to offer information, data sources and general suggestions on the overall plan implementation and maintenance process. Information on other possible sources of assistance including, but not limited to, existing publications, grant funding or training opportunities, can be provided. States may add state and local resources, if available.

Riverside Operational AreaMulti-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2023
EMD 5.1.25 754 | Appendix D
A. Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement This section provides a discussion of the strengths of the plan document and identifies areas where these could be improved beyond minimum requirements. Element A: Planning Process How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the planning process with respect to:  Involvement of stakeholders (elected officials/decision makers, plan implementers, business owners, academic institutions, utility companies, water/sanitation districts, etc.).  Involvement of Planning, Emergency Management, Public Works Departments or other planning agencies (i.e., regional planning councils);
 Diverse methods of participation (meetings, surveys, online, etc.); and  Reflective of an open and inclusive public involvement process. Element B: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment In addition to the requirements listed in the Regulation Checklist, 44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans identifies additional elements that should be included as part of a plan’s risk assessment. The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of: 1) A general description of land uses and future development trends within the community so that mitigation options can be considered in future land use decisions. 2) The types and numbers of existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in the identified hazard areas; and
3) A description of potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures, and a description of the methodology used to prepare the estimate.

How does the Plan go above and beyond minimum requirements to document the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment with respect to:  Use of best available data (flood maps, HAZUS, flood studies) to describe significant hazards;
 Communication of risk on people, property, and infrastructure to the public (through tables, charts, maps, photos, etc.);
 Incorporation of techniques and methodologies to estimate dollar losses to vulnerable structures;
 Incorporation of Risk MAP products (i.e., depth grids, Flood Risk Report, Changes Since Last FIRM, Areas of Mitigation Interest, etc.); and
 Identification of any data gaps that can be filled as new data became available.